BackgroundAcute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is an uncommon disease caused by obstruction of blood flow to the bowel, which can lead to high mortality rates. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is another disease commonly seen in the elderly. There are limited data evaluating the relationship between AMI and ESRD, but it has been shown that ESRD patients have a higher risk of mesenteric ischemia than the general population.MethodsThis retrospective analysis utilized the National Inpatient Sample database for 2016, 2017, and 2018 to identify patients with AMI. Patients were then divided into two groups, AMI with ESRD and AMI only. All-cause in-patient mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and total costs were identified. The Student's t-test was used to analyze continuous variables, while Pearson's Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables.ResultsA total of 169,245 patients were identified, with 10,493 (6.2%) having ESRD. The AMI with ESRD group had a significantly higher mortality rate than the AMI-only group (8.5% vs 4.5%). Patients with ESRD had a longer LOS (7.4 days vs 5.3 days; P = 0.00), and higher total hospital cost ($91,520 vs $58,175; P = 0.00) compared to patients without ESRD.ConclusionThe study found that patients with ESRD who were diagnosed with AMI had a significantly higher mortality rate, longer hospital stays, and higher hospital costs than patients without ESRD.