BackgroundA systematic review was carried out to compare the disinfectant capacity of hydroxyl radicals (OH-) versus other products commonly used for disinfecting the air and surfaces.Material and MethodsA literature search was made of the Cochrane Library, PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus databases. “In vitro” studies evaluating disinfection methods applicable to several surfaces and room air were included in the search. The search was carried out in April 2022, with no restrictions in terms of language or publication date.ResultsOf the 308 articles identified from the initial search, 8 were included for the quantitative analysis. All publications corresponded to experimental “in vitro” studies. Seven of them evaluated biocidal action against bacteria, and only two assessed activity against viral loads. The generation of contaminants secondary to application of the disinfectants was only analyzed in one of the studies, with the conclusion that the production of peroxyl radicals (RO2) derived from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is greater when chemical surface disinfectants are used versus air disinfection systems.ConclusionsThe disinfection capacities of the currently available methods are similar, and none of them are able to replace the use of additional physical protection measures.Key words:Disinfection methods, hydroxyl radical, environment, surfaces, dentistry.