Key PointsQuestionIs there an association between psychosocial interventions and health care service use, and does the association differ by sociodemographic or intervention characteristic?FindingsThis systematic review and meta-analysis including 41 studies and 7842 participants found that psychosocial interventions were associated with decreased health care use in most health services and increased use of outpatient care. The greatest health care decrease was among caregivers and individuals with mental illnesses and in interventions delivered 1-on-1 by health professionals.MeaningThese findings suggest that psychosocial interventions were associated with reduced health care use.