Key PointsQuestionWhat are the associations of clustering of and changes in workplace psychosocial resources (ie, leadership quality, procedural justice, culture of collaboration, and coworker social support) with sleep disturbances?FindingsIn this cohort study, including 219 982 participant-observations nested within 114 971 participants, clustering of favorable workplace psychosocial resources was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of sleep disturbances. Improvements in leadership quality and procedural justice (ie, vertical resources) and in culture of collaboration and coworker social support (ie, horizontal resources) were associated with a lower risk of persistent sleep disturbances in a dose-response fashion.MeaningThese findings suggest that multilevel workplace interventions are essential to promote short- and long-term sleep quality among workers.