AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released from axon terminals originating in the cerebral cortex onto striatal neurons. Here, we characterized BDNF neurons in the corticostriatal circuitry. First, we usedBDNF-Cre and Ribotag transgenic mouse lines to label BDNF-positive neurons in the cortex and detectedBDNFexpression in all the subregions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Next, we used a retrograde viral tracing strategy, in combination withBDNF-Cre knock-in mice, to map the cortical outputs of BDNF neurons in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum (DMS and DLS, respectively). We found thatBDNF-expressing neurons located in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) project mainly to the DMS, and those located in the primary and secondary motor cortices (M1 and M2, respectively) and agranular insular cortex (AI) project mainly to the DLS. In contrast,BDNF-expressing orbitofrontal cortical (OFC) neurons differentially target the dorsal striatum (DS) depending on their mediolateral and rostrocaudal location. Specifically, the DMS is mainly innervated by the medial and ventral part of the orbitofrontal cortex (MO and VO, respectively), whereas the DLS receives projections specifically from the lateral part of the OFC (LO). Together, our study uncovers previously unknown BDNF corticostriatal circuitries. These findings could have important implications for the role of BDNF signaling in corticostriatal pathways.