Sporotrichosis is known as a subacute or chronic infection, which is caused by thermodimorphic fungi of the genusSporothrix. It is a cosmopolitan infection, which is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and can affect both humans and other mammals. The main etiological agents causing this disease areSporothrix schenckii,Sporothrix brasiliensis, andSporothrix globosa, which have been recognized as members of theSporothrixpathogenic clade. Within this clade,S. brasiliensisis considered the most virulent species and represents an important pathogen due to its distribution and prevalence in different regions of South America, such as Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay, and Central American countries, such as Panama. In Brazil,S. brasiliensishas been of great concern due to the number of zoonotic cases that have been reported over the years. In this paper, a detailed review of the current literature on this pathogen and its different aspects will be carried out, including its genome, pathogen-host interaction, resistance mechanisms to antifungal drugs, and the caused zoonosis. Furthermore, we provide the prediction of some putative virulence factors encoded by the genome of this fungal species.