Key PointsQuestionDo existing screening tools, such as the Screening to Brief Intervention (S2BI), Brief Screener for Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs (BSTAD), and Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substances (TAPS), accurately identify substance use disorders among youths?FindingsIn this cross-sectional study of 798 adolescents, high agreement was observed between results for the S2BI, BSTAD, and TAPS tools and for the criterion standard measure (a brief electronic assessment battery and a research assistant–administered diagnostic interview). Area under the curve values were near or equal to 1 for nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use disorders for each of the 3 screening tools.MeaningThese findings suggest that brief screening tools that measure past-year frequency of use effectively identify substance use disorders among youths.