Simple SummaryIt is unclear what causes the increased incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); however, chemical substance exposure is known to be one of the risk factors for the disease. The aim of our systematic review was to verify the association between occupational exposure to carcinogens and NHL risk. In our literature review, 51 articles were included in the meta-analysis resulting in an overall OR of 1.27 (95% CI 1.04–1.55). Among these studies, 20 reported a significant association with the increased risk of NHL. We demonstrate that the risk of NHL increases for individuals occupationally exposed to pesticides, benzene, and trichloroethylene. Our findings may provide information for public health and practical decision-making about certain work activities and the use of chemical compounds.AbstractNon-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group with different types of diseases. It remains unclear as to what has led to an increase in incidences of NHL, however, chemical substance exposure is known to be one of the risk factors for the disease. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis including case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional observational epidemiological studies to verify the association between occupational exposure to carcinogens and NHL risk. Articles between the years 2000 and 2020 were collected. Two different reviewers performed a blind selection of the studies using the Rayyan QCRI web app. Post-completion, the selected articles were extracted and analyzed via the RedCap platform. Our review resulted in 2719 articles, of which 51 were included in the meta-analysis, resulting in an overall OR of 1.27 (95% CI 1.04–1.55). Furthermore, it was observed that the main occupation associated with the increased risk of NHL was that in which workers are exposed to pesticides. We therefore conclude that the evidence synthesis of the epidemiological literature supports an increased risk for NHL, regardless of subtype, considering occupational exposure to certain chemical compounds, mainly pesticides, benzene, and trichlorethylene, and certain classes of work, primarily in the field of agriculture.