Key PointsQuestionDo stroke recurrence, cardiovascular events, and death risk vary after pregnancy-associated stroke compared with non–pregnancy-associated stroke in women of the same age?FindingsIn this cohort study, compared with women with non–pregnancy-associated stroke, women with pregnancy-associated stroke had lower risks of ischemic stroke, overall cardiovascular events, and death and similar risks of intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral venous thrombosis, whereas the risks of venous thromboembolism and acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation were greater.MeaningThese results suggest that transitory pregnancy-related risk factors and persistent risk factors may be associated with, respectively, a lower risk of stroke recurrence and a higher risk of venous thromboembolism and acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation among individuals with pregnancy-associated stroke vs non–pregnancy-associated stroke.