HighlightsThe classification of 2D perovskite is summarized, and the preparation methods of 2D perovskite according to the requirements of X-ray detection materials are introduced.We analyzed the advantages and insufficiency of different devices and introduced improvement measures, including ion migration, charge transfer performance, stability, and 2D/3D heterojunctions.Finally, we introduced the potential preponderances of 2D perovskite in the scintillation detection field; meanwhile, the main challenges facing the practical application of 2D perovskite X-ray detectors are analyzed.