Objective:Lumbar puncture (LP) is performed by specialists in different branches of medicine, complications may be encountered in various settings. In our study, we evaluated the awareness and knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) among specialists who performed LP and/or encountered complications.Methods:This was a prospective questionnaire/scale study of 253 physicians: LP performers (anaesthesiologists, Group A; others, Group B) and those who worked in departments that did not perform LP but frequently encountered complications following LP (Group C). The questionnaire assessed specialization, frequency of LPs utilization, needle types used, positions employed, awareness of LP complications, diagnosis, management, and risk factors for PDPH.Results:Group A had the highest percentage of physicians who stated they had knowledge about PDPH (Group A: 96.4%, Group B: 77.3%, Group C: 39.4%; P=0.000). Group C was found to be statistically less informed than the other two groups (P=0.000). It was determined that only one (1%) physician from Group C correctly answered the question about the diagnostic criteria for PDPH.Conclusion:To our knowledge this is the first study in which the awareness of PDPH has been compared according to physicians’ fields of specialisation. We believe that post-specialty training programs should be organized for physicians who will either perform LP or monitor patients who have undergone LP, and the curriculum content in relevant specialties should be reviewed.