﻿AbstractThe neotropicalApicotermitinaeis a common and widespread clade of mostly soil-feeding soldierless termites. With few exceptions, species of this group were originally assigned to the genusAnoplotermesMüller, 1873. The application of internal worker morphology coupled with genetic sequencing has recently shed light on the true diversity of this subfamily. Herein,AnoplotermessusanaeScheffrahn, Carrijo & Castro,sp. nov.and four new species in four new genera are described:HirsutitermeskanzakiiScheffrahn, Carrijo & Castro,gen. nov. et sp. nov.,KrecekitermesdaironiScheffrahn, Carrijo & Castro,gen. nov. et sp. nov.,MangolditermescurveileumScheffrahn, Carrijo & Castro,gen. nov. et sp. nov., andOurissotermesgiblinorumScheffrahn, Carrijo & Castro,gen. nov. et sp. nov.Worker descriptions are based mainly on worker gut morphology, including the enteric valve, while imagoes were described based on external characters. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree of New WorldApicotermitinaewas constructed using the complete mitogenome to infer genera relationships and corroborate the taxonomic decisions. Distribution maps and a dichotomic key to the known NeotropicalApicotermitinaegenera are provided.