﻿AbstractIn this study the aim was to resolve the taxonomy of several species ofArgyriaHübner (Pyraloidea,Crambinae) with previously unrecognised morphological variation. By analysing the DNA barcode (COI-5P) in numerous specimens, the aim was to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between species, to provide better evidence for synonymies, and to circumscribe their geographical distribution. Using an innovative DNA hybridisation capture protocol, the DNA barcode of the lectotype ofArgyrialacteella(Fabricius, 1794) was partially recovered for comparison with the 229 DNA barcode sequences ofArgyriaspecimens available in the Barcode of Life Datasystems, and this firmly establishes the identity of the species. The same protocol was used for the following type specimens: theArgyriaabronalis(Walker, 1859) holotype, thus confirming the synonymy of this name withA.lacteella, the holotype ofA.lusella(Zeller, 1863),syn. rev., the holotype ofA.multifactaDyar, 1914,syn. nov.newly synonymised withA.lacteella, and a specimen ofArgyriadiplomochalisDyar, 1913, collected in 1992. In addition, nine specimens ofA.lacteella,A.diplomochalis,A.centrifugensDyar, 1914 andA.gonogrammaDyar, 1915, from North to South America were sampled using classical COI amplification and Sanger sequencing.ArgyriagonogrammaDyar, described from Bermuda, is the name to be applied to the more widespread North American species formerly identified asA.lacteella. Following morphological study of its holotype,ArgyriavestalisButler, 1878,syn. nov.is also synonymised withA.lacteella. The nameA.pusillalisHübner, 1818, is considered a nomen dubium associated withA.gonogramma. The adult morphology is diagnosed and illustrated, and distributions are plotted forA.lacteella,A.diplomochalis,A.centrifugens, andA.gonogrammabased on slightly more than 800 specimens. For the first time, DNA barcode sequences are provided for the AntilleanA.diplomochalis. This work provides a modified, improved protocol for the efficient hybrid capture enrichment of DNA barcodes from 18thand 19thcentury type specimens in order to solve taxonomic issues inLepidoptera.