A commercial strain ofHafnia alvei(H. alvei) 4597 bacteria was shown to reduce food intake and promote weight loss, effects possibly induced by the bacterial protein ClpB, an antigen-mimetic of the anorexigenic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. A decrease in the basal plasma glucose levels was also observed in overweight fasted humans and mice receivingH. alvei. However, it is not known whetherH. alveiinfluences sweet taste preference and whether its protein extract or ClpB are sufficient to increase glucose tolerance; these are the objectives tested in the present study. C57BL/6J male mice were kept under standard diet and were gavaged daily for 17 days with a suspension ofH. alvei(4.5 × 107CFU/animal) or withH. alveitotal protein extract (5 μg/animal) or saline as a control. Sweet taste preference was analyzed via a brief-access licking test with sucrose solution. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed after the intraperitoneal (IP) or intragastric (IG) glucose administration at the 9th and 15th days of gavage, respectively. The expression of regulatory peptides’ mRNA levels was assayed in the hypothalamus. In another experiment performed in non-treated C57BL/6J male mice, effects of acute IP administration of recombinant ClpB protein on glucose tolerance were studied by both IP- and IG-GTT. Mice treated with theH. alveiprotein extract showed an improved glucose tolerance in IP-GTT but not in IG-GTT. Both groups treated withH. alveibacteria or protein extract showed a reduction of pancreatic tissue weight but without significant changes to basal plasma insulin. No significant effects ofH. alveibacteria or its total protein extract administration were observed on the sweet taste preference, insulin tolerance and expression of regulatory peptides’ mRNA in the hypothalamus. Acute administration of ClpB in non-treated mice increased glucose tolerance during the IP-GTT but not the IG-GTT, and reduced basal plasma glucose levels. We conclude that both theH. alveiprotein extract introduced orally and the ClpB protein administered via IP improve glucose tolerance probably by acting at the glucose postabsorptive level. Moreover,H. alveiprobiotic does not seem to influence the sweet taste preference. These results justify future testing of both theH. alveiprotein extract and ClpB protein in animal models of diabetes.