Widespread drug resistance and limited antibiotics challenge the treatment of pathogenic bacteria, which leads to a focus on searching for new antimicrobial lead compounds. We found the endophytic fungusBiscogniauxia petrensisMFLUCC14-0151 from the medicinal plantDendrobium harveyanumhad antibacterial activity for the first time. This work aimed to reveal the capacity ofBiscogniauxia petrensisMFLUCC14-0151 against foodborne pathogenic bacteria and identify its bioactive substances. Bioassay-guided isolation led to the discovery of six infrequent active monomers, including (10R)-Xylariterpenoid B (1), Xylariterpenoid C (2), Tricycloalternarene 1b (3), Tricycloalternarene 3b (4), Funicin (5) and Vinetorin (6) from MFLUCC14-0151 for the first time. The results of antibacterial tests showed that (10R)-Xylariterpenoid B and Xylariterpenoid C exhibited inhibitory activities againstStreptococcus agalactiaewith MIC values ranging from 99.21 to 100.00 μM, and againstStreptococcus aureuswith MIC values ranging from 49.60 to 50.00 μM. Tricycloalternarene 1b and Tricycloalternarene 3b showed inhibitory effects onStreptococcus agalactiaewith MIC values ranging from 36.13 to 75.76 μM. Unexpectedly, Funicin and Vinetorin exhibited remarkable antagonistic activities againstStreptococcus agalactiaewith MIC values of 10.35 and 10.21 μM, respectively, and againstStreptococcus aureuswith MIC values of 5.17 and 20.42 μM, respectively. In conclusion, we suggest that the isolated compounds Funicin and Vinetorin may be promising lead compounds for natural antibacterial agents.