BackgroundSneathia amniiis a conditional pathogen of the female genital tract that is involved in bacterial vaginosis and poor reproductive and perinatal outcomes. Few studies have reported subcutaneous cysts following invasive infection caused byS amnii.Case presentationHere we report the case of a 27-year-old woman who presented with Bartholin’s gland cyst due toS amniiinfection, and was successfully treated with surgical neostomy and antibiotic agents. The isolate was gram-negative, bacillary, anaerobic, and was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16 S rRNA.ConclusionsS amniis an important but underappreciated pathogen that needs further investigation. This report describes the microbial and pathogenic characteristics ofS amniiand is expected to provide a valuable reference in obstetric and gynecologic clinical practice.