Soil fungal community characteristics of alpine timberlines are unclear. In this study, soil fungal communities in five vegetation zones across timberlines on the south and north slopes of Sejila Mountain in Tibet, China were investigated. The results show that the alpha diversity of soil fungi was not different between the north- and south-facing timberlines or among the five vegetation zones.Archaeorhizomyces(Ascomycota) was a dominant genus at the south-facing timberline, whereas the ectomycorrhizal genusRussula(Basidiomycota) decreased with decreasingAbies georgeicoverage and density at the north-facing timberline. Saprotrophic soil fungi were dominant, but their relative abundance changed little among the vegetation zones at the south timberline, whereas ectomycorrhizal fungi decreased with tree hosts at the north timberline. Soil fungal community characteristics were related to coverage and density, soil pH and ammonium nitrogen at the north timberline, whereas they had no associations with the vegetation and soil factors at the south timberline. In conclusion, timberline andA. georgeipresence exerted apparent influences on the soil fungal community structure and function in this study. The findings may enhance our understanding of the distribution of soil fungal communities at the timberlines of Sejila Mountain.