In cystic fibrosis (CF), pulmonary infection withPseudomonas aeruginosais a cause of increased morbidity and mortality, especially in patients for whom infection becomes chronic and there is reliance on long-term suppressive therapies. Current antimicrobials, though varied mechanistically and by mode of delivery, are inadequate not only due to their failure to eradicate infection but also because they do not halt the progression of lung function decline over time. One of the reasons for this failure is thought to be the biofilm mode of growth ofP. aeruginosa, wherein self-secreted exopolysaccharides (EPSs) provide physical protection against antibiotics and an array of niches with resulting metabolic and phenotypic heterogeneity. The three biofilm-associated EPSs secreted byP. aeruginosa(alginate, Psl, and Pel) are each under investigation and are being exploited in ways that potentiate antibiotics. In this review, we describe the development and structure ofP. aeruginosabiofilms before examining each EPS as a potential therapeutic target for combating pulmonary infection withP. aeruginosain CF, with a particular focus on the current evidence for these emerging therapies and barriers to bringing these therapies into clinic.