BackgroundIva xanthiifolia, native to North America, is now widely distributed in northeastern China and has become a vicious invasive plant. This article aims to probe the role of leaf extract in the invasion ofI. xanthiifolia.MethodsWe collected the rhizosphere soil ofAmaranthus tricolorandSetaria viridisin the invasive zone, the noninvasive zone and the noninvasive zone treated with extract fromI. xanthiifolialeaf, and obtainedI. xanthiifoliarhizosphere soil in the invasive zone. All wild plants were identified by Xu Yongqing.I. xanthiifolia(collection number: RQSB04100),A. tricolor(collection number: 831,030) andS. viridis(collection number: CF-0002-034) are all included in Chinese Virtual Herbarium (https://www.cvh.ac.cn/index.php). The soil bacterial diversity was analyzed based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. Subsequently, taxonomic analysis and Faprotax functional prediction were performed.ResultsThe results showed that the leaf extract significantly reduced the diversity of indigenous plant rhizosphere bacteria.A. tricolorandS. viridisrhizobacterial phylum and genus abundances were significantly reduced under the influence ofI. xanthiifoliaor its leaf extract. The results of functional prediction showed that bacterial abundance changes induced by leaf extracts could potentially hinder nutrient cycling in native plants and increased bacterial abundance in theA. tricolorrhizosphere related to aromatic compound degradation. In addition, the greatest number of sensitive Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) appeared in the rhizosphere whenS. viridiswas in response to the invasion ofI. xanthiifolia.It can be seen thatA. tricolorandS. viridishave different mechanisms in response to the invasion ofI. xanthiifolia.ConclusionI. xanthiifolialeaves material has potential role in invasion by altering indigenous plant rhizosphere bacteria.