Micro relative sliding exists on the contact surface of the main primary equipment’s surface structures, resulting in serious fretting fatigue. The plastic effect causes serious fatigue to the structure under alternating loads. Existing fatigue life prediction models fail to fully consider the shortcomings of fretting and plastic effects, which causes the prediction results to be significantly different to real-lifeworld in engineering situations. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a fretting damage fatigue life prediction model of contact structures which considers plastic effects. In this study, a plastic fretting fatigue life prediction model was established according to the standard structural contact theory. The location of dangerous points was evaluated according to a finite element simulation. The cyclic load maximum stress value was compared with the fretting fatigue test data to confirm the error value, and the error between the proposed fretting fatigue life model and the test value was within 15%. Concurrently, we combined this with mass data analysis and research, as it is known that the contact zone parameters have an impact on fretting fatigue and affect the structural lifespan. With the help of ABAQUS, the fretting numerical calculation of the dovetail tenon model was carried out to analyze the sensitive factors affecting the fretting fatigue life of the dovetail tenon structure. By keeping the fretting load unchanged, the contact area parameters such as contact surface form, contact area width and friction coefficient were changed in order to calculate the fretting stress value,σfrettingand the dovetail structure was improved to extend its fretting fatigue life. Finally, it was concluded that fretting fatigue was most sensitive to the width and contact form of the contact area. In actual engineering design, multiple factors should be considered comprehensively to determine a more accurate and suitable width and form of the contact area. For the selection of friction coefficient, on the premise of saving costs and meeting the structural strength requirements, the friction coefficient should be as small as possible, and the problem can also be solved through lubrication during processing.