﻿AbstractA new species of freshwater crab,Potamonautesamatholesp. nov., is described from the Winterberg-Amathole mountain range in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Morphologically,P.amatholePeer & Gouws,sp. nov.most closely resemblesP.tuerkayibut can be distinguished by key morphological characters including the variation in the shape of the subterminal segment of gonopod 2 between both species. Genetically,P.amatholePeer & Gouws,sp. nov.is placed within the clade of small-bodied, mountain-dwelling crabs includingP.parvispina,P.parvicorpus,P.brincki,P.tuerkayi,P.baziya, andP.depressus. The new species is found in slow-moving mountain streams and pools at high altitudes. The continued discovery and description of new freshwater crab species reinforces the need for ongoing research, especially in under-sampled regions.