Solar energy is currently a very popular energy source because it is both clean and renewable. As a result, one of the main areas of research now is the investigation of solar absorbers with broad spectrum and high absorption efficiency. In this study, we create an absorber by superimposing three periodic Ti-Al2O3-Ti discs on a W-Ti-Al2O3composite film structure. We evaluated the incident angle, structural components, and electromagnetic field distribution using the finite difference in time domain (FDTD) method in order to investigate the physical process by which the model achieves broadband absorption. We find that distinct wavelengths of tuned or resonant absorption may be produced by the Ti disk array and Al2O3through near-field coupling, cavity-mode coupling, and plasmon resonance, all of which can effectively widen the absorption bandwidth. The findings indicate that the solar absorber’s average absorption efficiency can range from 95.8% to 96% over the entire band range of 200 to 3100 nm, with the absorption bandwidth of 2811 nm (244–3055 nm) having the highest absorption rate. Additionally, the absorber only contains tungsten (W), titanium (Ti), and alumina (Al2O3), three materials with high melting points, which offers a strong assurance for the absorber’s thermal stability. It also has a very high thermal radiation intensity, reaching a high radiation efficiency of 94.4% at 1000 K, and a weighted average absorption efficiency of 98.3% at AM1.5. Additionally, the incidence angle insensitivity of our suggested solar absorber is good (0–60°) and polarization independence is good (0–90°). These benefits enable a wide range of solar thermal photovoltaic applications for our absorber and offer numerous design options for the ideal absorber.