Anthropogenic activities and global climate change increase the risk ofChromolaena odoratainvasion and habitat expansion. To predict its global distribution and habitat suitability under climate change, a random forest (RF) model was employed. The RF model, utilizing default parameters, analyzed species presence data and background information. The model revealed that the current spatial distribution ofC. odoratacovers 7,892,447 km2. Predictions for 2061–2080 indicate expansion of suitable habitat (42.59 and 46.30%), reduction of suitable habit (12.92 and 12.20%), and preservation of suitable habitat (87.08 and 87.80%) under the SSP (Shared Socio-economic Pathway) 2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively, in comparison to the present distribution. Currently,C.odoratais predominantly found in South America, with limited presence in other continents. However, the data suggest that climate change will elevate the global invasion risk ofC.odorataworldwide, particularly in Oceania, Africa, and Australia. Countries such as Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, and Lesotho, which currently have unsuitable habitats, are predicted to have highly suitable habitats with climate change, supporting the idea that global habitat expansion forC. odoratawill occur due to climate change. This study indicates that proper management ofC. odoratais crucial during the early invasion phase.