Key PointsQuestionAre population-level tobacco control interventions associated with lower tobacco-linked adverse health outcomes?FindingsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis including 144 population-level studies, smoke-free legislation was associated with beneficial cardiovascular and respiratory health outcomes as well as birth outcomes. Health outcomes were not clearly associated with tax or price increases or other policies; however, the lack of relevant studies could explain this.MeaningThese studies support the use of smoke-free legislation to improve population-level cardiovascular, respiratory, and birth outcomes.