Damask rose (Rosa damascenaMill.) is a high-value aromatic plant species belonging to the family Rosaceae. It is being cultivated throughout the world for rose essential oil production. Besides its higher demand in the aromatic and cosmetic industry, the essential oil obtained has many pharmacological and cytotoxic activities. The primary concern of growers with the available varieties of damask rose is short flowering duration, low essential oil content and unstable yield. Thus, there is a requirement for developing new stable varieties with higher flower yield and essential oil content. The present study evaluated the variations in the flower yield parameters, essential oil content, and essential oil compounds in different clonal selections of damask rose. These clonal selections have been developed through a half-sib progeny approach from commercially available varieties 'Jwala' and 'Himroz.' The fresh flower yield varied from 629.57 to 965.7 g per plant, while the essential oil content ranged from 0.030–0.045% among the clonal selections. The essential oil profiling via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed significant variations in the essential oil compounds. Acyclic monoterpene alcohols citronellol (20.35–44.75%) and geraniol (15.63–27.76%) were highest, followed by long-chain hydrocarbons, i.e., nonadecane (13.02–28.78%). The clonal selection CSIR-IHBT-RD-04 was unique in terms of the highest citronellol content (44.75%) and citronellol/geraniol (C/G) ratio of 1.93%. This selection has the potential use as a parental line in future genetic improvement programs of damask rose to achieve higher yield and better quality of rose essential oil.