Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) refers to two or more unsuccessful in vitro fertilization embryo transfers in the same individual. Embryonic characteristics, immunological factors, and coagulation factors are known to be the causes of RIF. Genetic factors have also been reported to be involved in the occurrence of RIF, and some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may contribute to RIF. We examined SNPs inFSHR,INHA,ESR1, andBMP15, which have been associated with primary ovarian failure. A cohort of 133 RIF patients and 317 healthy controls consisting of all Korean women was included. Genotyping was performed by Taq-Man genotyping assays to determine the frequency of the following polymorphisms:FSHRrs6165,INHArs11893842 and rs35118453,ESR1rs9340799 and rs2234693, andBMP15rs17003221 and rs3810682. The differences in these SNPs were compared between the patient and control groups. Our results demonstrate a decreased prevalence of RIF in subjects with theFSHRrs6165 A>G polymorphism [AA vs. AG adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.432; confidence interval (CI) = 0.206–0.908;p= 0.027, AA+AG vs. GG AOR = 0.434; CI = 0.213–0.885;p= 0.022]. Based on a genotype combination analysis, the GG/AA (FSHRrs6165/ESR1 rs9340799: OR = 0.250; CI = 0.072–0.874;p= 0.030) and GG-CC (FSHRrs6165/BMP15rs3810682: OR = 0.466; CI = 0.220–0.987;p= 0.046) alleles were also associated with a decreased RIF risk. Additionally, theFSHRrs6165GG andBMP15rs17003221TT+TC genotype combination was associated with a decreased RIF risk (OR = 0.430; CI = 0.210–0.877;p= 0.020) and increased FSH levels, as assessed by an analysis of variance. TheFSHRrs6165 polymorphism and genotype combinations are significantly associated with RIF development in Korean women.