Simple SummaryThe impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) status on cervical glandular lesions is a debated topic. In general, non-HPV-related adenocarcinomas would appear to have a worse prognosis. Assessing this question in early stage or in situ adenocarcinomas may be interesting, as conservative surgery is feasible in these cases. Moreover, this population group accounts for 80% of the cases of high-grade glandular lesions in clinical practice. This research aims to evaluate the outcomes of long-term follow-up in HPV-positive and -negative women. Evaluating these findings may be of interest to know whether HPV status may impact management planning in the early and in situ stages of adenocarcinomas. Our results showed that the recurrence rate was not significantly different between the two groups. However, an analysis limited to only a portion of our sample showed a type-specific association with disease relapse.AbstractIt is unknown whether human papillomavirus (HPV) status impacts the prognosis of early stage cervical glandular lesions. This study assessed the recurrence and survival rates of in situ/microinvasive adenocarcinomas (AC) according to HPV status during a 5-year follow-up. The data were retrospectively analyzed in women with available HPV testing before treatment. One hundred and forty-eight consecutive women were analyzed. The number of HPV-negative cases was 24 (16.2%). The survival rate was 100% in all participants. The recurrence rate was 7.4% (11 cases, including four invasive lesions (2.7%)). Cox proportional hazards regression showed no difference in recurrence rate between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cases (p= 0.148). HPV genotyping, available for 76 women and including 9/11 recurrences, showed a higher relapse rate for HPV-18 than HPV-45 and HPV-16 (28.5%, 16.6%, and 9.52%,p= 0.046). In addition, 60% and 75% of in situ and invasive recurrences, respectively, were HPV-18 related. The present study showed that most ACs were positive for high-risk HPV, and the recurrence rate was unaffected by HPV status. More extensive studies could help evaluate whether HPV genotyping may be considered for recurrence risk stratification in HPV-positive cases.