Key PointsQuestionWhat is the most effective postextubation noninvasive respiratory support modality in children?FindingsIn this systematic review and network meta-analysis, extubation failure and treatment failure rates were lower with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) compared to conventional oxygen therapy (COT). Based on bayesian ranking probabilities, CPAP was reported to be the most effective of the evaluated noninvasive respiratory support modes for the prevention of extubation failure and treatment failure.MeaningThe results suggest that CPAP, HFNC, and BiPAP were more effective than COT for providing postextubation NRS in a pediatric population.