To investigate changes in the yield and physiological characteristics of indica hybrid rice varieties sown on different dates, we evaluated appropriate hybrid rice varieties and their optimal sowing dates in the hilly areas of Sichuan. Three popular indica rice varieties were used as experimental materials, and five sowing dates were set uniformly locally [16 May (SD1), 23 May (SD2), 30 May (SD3), 6 June (SD4), and 13 June (SD5)] to investigate differences in the yield characteristics, growth period, and dry matter accumulation. The results showed that, over the two years, the sowing-to-heading period and overall growth period of the three varieties shortened as the sowing date was delayed, and the difference in yield between the SD1 and SD2 treatments was not significant, owing to higher material accumulation after flowering and higher assimilative material transport capacity. These varieties are both photosensitive and tolerant to low temperatures. Among the three varieties tested, the Huangyouyuehesimiao (V3) cultivar had the highest yield, with 10.75 t ha−1under the SD2 treatment. The impact of shifting the sowing date on yield components varied. Delaying the sowing date increased and then decreased the number of effective panicles, and the number of grains per panicle and the seed setting rate decreased by differing degrees. In summary, a high yield of indica hybrid rice can be maintained by sowing between 16 and 23 May each year in the study area. It indicated that indica hybrid rice in the hilly rice-producing region of Sichuan is highly adaptable to different sowing dates.