BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is a common malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality. Numerous reports have identified the correlation between aging and the prognosis of patients with GBM. The purpose of this study was to establish a prognostic model for GBM patients based on aging-related gene (ARG) to help determine the prognosis of GBM patients.Methods143 patients with GBM from The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA), 218 patients with GBM from the Chinese Glioma Genomic Atlas (CGGA) of China and 50 patients from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were included in the study. R software (V4.2.1) and bioinformatics statistical methods were used to develop prognostic models and study immune infiltration and mutation characteristics.ResultsThirteen genes were screened out and used to establish the prognostic model finally, and the risk scores of the prognostic model was an independent factor (P< 0.001), which indicated a good prediction ability. In addition, there are significant differences in immune infiltration and mutation characteristics between the two groups with high and low risk scores.ConclusionThe prognostic model of GBM patients based on ARGs can predict the prognosis of GBM patients. However, this signature requires further investigation and validation in larger cohort studies.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-023-01538-3.