Key PointsQuestionIs it possible to accurately predict risk of failure to attend antenatal care in Amhara region, Ethiopia?FindingsIn this prognostic study that used data from 2195 pregnant women, the predictive performance of the 6 predictive models fit was modest, with the areas under the receiving operator characteristic curves ranging from 0.61 to 0.70.MeaningThese findings suggest that it may be possible to develop predictive models to identify women at high risk of failing to attend antenatal care to target specific interventions aiming to improve antenatal care attendance rates, using data from surveillance systems and pregnancy cohorts in low-resource settings.