Key PointsQuestionWhat were the outcomes of patients hospitalized with non–COVID-19 conditions, even with negative SARS-CoV-2 test results, during the pandemic vs before the pandemic?FindingsIn this cohort study of 132 240 patients hospitalized with common medical conditions, only those with heart failure or with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma exhibited a significantly higher risk-adjusted 30-day mortality during the pandemic (16% and 41% higher, respectively). As COVID-19 caseloads increased, lengths of stay and risk-adjusted mortality were significantly higher for patients with COVID-19 but not for those with non–COVID-19 conditions.MeaningThe findings show that most patients hospitalized with non–COVID-19 conditions (except heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma) exhibited similar risk-adjusted outcomes during the pandemic, even during COVID-19 caseload surges, suggesting resilience in the face of hospital occupancy strains.