Background:To evaluate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with task-oriented training (TOT) on upper limb function in stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods:A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using PRISMA guidelines. Computer searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of science, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang, and Wipu databases were conducted from the time of database creation to October 27, 2022. Clinical trials meeting the inclusion criteria were screened, with rTMS combined with TOT in the test group and other therapies in the control group. Literature screening and data extraction were performed independently by 2 investigators, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata software after quality evaluation of the literature.Results:Meta-analysis results showed that repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with TOT was more effective in box and block test (I2 = 0%,P= .820, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.20, 0.88]), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (I2= 0%,P= .569, 95% CI [0.88, 1.26]), and modified Barthel Index (I2= 39.9%,P= .189, 95% CI [0.45, 1.03]) were not significantly different from controls, and the efficacy was significantly better in motor evoked potentials (I2= 86.5%,P< .001, 95% CI [−1.38, −0.83]).Conclusions:Data analysis clarified the efficacy of rTMS) combined with TOT on upper extremity motor function disorders after stroke, but there was no significant difference between the efficacy in box and block test, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and modified Barthel Index and the efficacy in motor evoked potentials between rTMS and the control group, suggesting that the neuro plasticizing effect of rTMS may translate into functional improvement by promoting neuro electrical signaling.