Key PointsQuestionWhat are the associations of parental cancer and minor children’s unmet economic needs related to inadequate food, housing, and transportation in the US?FindingsIn this cross-sectional study of 22 941 children aged 5 to 17 years, parental cancer was associated with food insecurity, unaffordability of housing and other monthly bills, and transportation barriers to medical care. Children with a parental cancer history and living in low-income families were especially vulnerable to unmet economic needs.MeaningThese findings suggest that strategies to identify children with a parental cancer history and address their unmet economic needs are warranted.