The goal of the research was to study the levels of adipokines and their associations with unstable atherosclerotic plaques in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and abdominal obesity (AO). Methods: The study included 145 men aged 38–79 with atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries (CA) and stable angina pectoris II-III FC who were hospitalized for coronary bypass surgery (2011–2022). The final analysis included 116 patients. Notably, 70 men had stable plaques in the CA (of which 44.3% had AO), and 46 men had unstable plaques in the CA (of which 43.5% had AO). Adipocytokine levels were determined using multiplex analysis (Human Metabolic Hormone V3 panel). Results: In the subgroup of patients with unstable plaques, patients with AO had a GLP-1 level that was 1.5 times higher and a lipocalin-2 level that was 2.1 times lower, respectively. GLP-1 is direct, and lipocalin-2 is inversely associated with AO in patients with unstable plaques. Among patients with AO, the level of lipocalin-2 in patients with unstable plaques was 2.2 times lower than in patients with stable plaques in the CA. The level of lipocalin-2 was inversely associated with the presence of unstable atherosclerotic plaques in the CA. Conclusion: GLP-1 is directly associated with AO in patients with unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Lipocalin-2 is inversely associated with unstable atherosclerotic plaques in patients with AO.