Simple SummaryNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed in equine practice for a variety of painful or inflammatory conditions. This review discusses the clinical pharmacology of NSAIDs in adult horses and methods of evaluating the therapeutic effect of these drugs in equine research.AbstractThis review firstly examines the underlying pathophysiology of pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic disease and endotoxemia. Then, it reviews the clinical pharmacology (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics) of both conventional and non-conventional NSAIDs in the adult horse, and finally provides an overview of different modalities to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of NSAIDs in research.