Key PointsQuestionHow do work patterns of physicians and advanced practice practitioners (APPs; ie, nurse practitioners and physician assistants) vary by specialty?FindingsIn this cross-sectional study of 217 924 clinicians, medical and surgical specialty physicians saw 6.7 and 7.4 percentage points more new patient visits, respectively, than their APP counterparts, whereas primary care physicians saw 2.8 percentage points fewer new patient visits compared with APPs. Medical and surgical physicians spent 34.3 and 45.8 fewer minutes per day, respectively, using the electronic health record than did APPs in their specialties, whereas primary care physicians spent 17.7 more minutes per day than did APPs.MeaningThese differences in visit and electronic health record patterns for physicians vs APPs by specialty help place into context the work and visit patterns of physicians compared with APPs and serve as a foundation for evaluations of clinical outcomes and quality.