BackgroundRecognizing the optimal time to discontinue continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is necessary to advance patient recovery and mitigate complications. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of successful CKRT cessation in pediatric patients.MethodsAll patients requiring CKRT between January 2010 and March 2021 were evaluated. Patients on peritoneal or hemodialysis, who transferred between institutions, or who did not trial off CKRT were excluded. Successful discontinuation was defined as remaining off CKRT for at least 7 days. Demographics, admission diagnoses, PRISM III scores, and reasons for CKRT initiation were obtained. Clinical and biochemical variables were evaluated at CKRT initiation and discontinuation and in the 12-h period following discontinuation. Comparisons were conducted using Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher’s exact tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. A logistic regression model was fitted to identify significant factors.ResultsNinety-nine patients underwent a trial off CKRT. Admission and initiation characteristics of the success and failure groups were similar. Patients who required re-initiation (n= 26) had longer ICU lengths of stay (27.2 vs. 44.5 days,p= 0.046) and higher in-hospital mortality (15.1% vs. 46.2%,p= 0.002). Urine output greater than 0.5 mL/kg/h irrespective of diuretic administration in the 6-h period before CKRT discontinuation was a significant predictor (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.60–0.84,p= 0.0009).ConclusionsDetermining the predictors of sustained CKRT discontinuation is critical. Urine output greater than 0.5 mL/kg/h in this pediatric cohort predicted successful discontinuation. Future studies are needed to validate this threshold in disease- and age-specific cohorts and evaluate additional biomarkers of kidney injury.Graphical abstractA higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available asSupplementary informationSupplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00467-022-05782-0.