It is of interest to estimate the effects of foliar spray (ISA) on essential oil yield, chemical constituents, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill).Fennel was treated with ISA solutions at 40 and 80 mg L-1 doses.
Application of ISA significantly augmented antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in addition to essential oil yield and its principal elements in fennel. 80 mg L−1 dose of ISA was found to be pre-eminent. Antioxidant properties of EOs were determined
through DPPH assays, metal chelators and lipid peroxidation. While antimicrobial activities were evaluated using agar well diffusion and microdilution techniques of broth. Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were used to gauge the oil's antibacterial
effectiveness. Data shows that antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fennel oil were found to be the highest. According to GC analysis, trans-anethole (78.38-86.08%), methyl chavicol (2.32-2.54%), and fenchone (6.65-8.95%) were the three main constituents
of fennel essential oil.