Highlights•This paper updates a review of the literature on this topic, including papers published as recently as 2021.•The writing team includes a balanced mixture of Muslim and non-Muslim clinicians with experience in caring for Muslim patients from a variety of disciplines: primary care, hospital care, pharmacy, and mental health.The majority of the team has practiced in both Muslim and non-Muslim majority countries.•Due to the relatively low amount of research in investigating the inequities experienced by Muslim patients in non-Muslim majority settings, some of the studies are in subsets of Muslim patients, particularly refugee and immigrant populations. Caution is needed in the interpretation and application of the results of these studies, which is pointed out in the text.