AbstractExcessive oxygen free radicals and toxic substances are generated in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) process. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a common anesthetic and sedative drug, can considerably boost glutathione (GSH), which has anti-copper influx effects. Focusing on cuproptosis, the mechanism of DEX in the I/R was revealed. Using the I/R rat model, the effects of DEX and the copper chelator D-penicillamine on cerebral infarct volume, copper levels, mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential, GSH content, and enrichment of cuproptosis functional proteins were examined. The involvement of ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) in the DEX regulatory pathway was verified by overexpressing FDX1in vitro. DEX could significantly reduce cerebral infarction in rats, reduce copper levels, maintain mitochondrial functions, increase GSH, and reduce the content of key proteins related to cuproptosis. These aspects were replicatedin vitroand revealed that FDX1 overexpression partially reversed the impacts of DEX. Together, cuproptosis occurs in the brain I/R process and DEX can enhance cell survival by blocking the primary pathway mediated by FDX1.KEY MESSAGESDexmedetomidine reduces cerebral infarction in the I/R rat models.Dexmedetomidine reduces cuproptosis in the I/R rat models.FDX1, an upstream of protein fatty acylation, mediates regulation of Dexmedetomidine.