Valine–glutamine (VQ) motif-containing proteins are transcriptional regulatory cofactors that play critical roles in plant growth and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, information on theVQgene family in foxtail millet (Setaria italicaL.) is currently limited. In this study, a total of 32SiVQgenes were identified in foxtail millet and classified into seven groups (I–VII), based on the constructed phylogenetic relationships; the protein-conserved motif showed high similarity within each group. Gene structure analysis showed that mostSiVQshad no introns. Whole-genome duplication analysis revealed that segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of theSiVQgene family. The cis-element analysis demonstrated that growth and development, stress response, and hormone-response-related cis-elements were all widely distributed in the promoters of theSiVQs. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the expression of mostSiVQgenes was induced by abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments, and sevenSiVQgenes showed significant upregulation under both abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments. A potential interaction network between SiVQs and SiWRKYs was predicted. This research provides a basis to further investigate the molecular function ofVQsin plant growth and abiotic stress responses.