Simple SummaryThe mite genusNeoprotereunetes, long neglected in the literature, is revised according to modern taxonomic standards. Six species from both Arctic and Antarctic locations, previously placed in the invalid generaProtereunetesorEupodes, are transferred toNeoprotereunetes. The new genusAntarcteupodesis created to accommodate one Antarctic speciesA. maudaecomb. nov, originally described inProtereunetes. An identification key toNeoprotereunetesis provided.AbstractThe genusNeoprotereunetesFain et Camerik, 1994 is revised and its definition is extended in order to incorporate some species of the invalid genusProtereunetesBerlese, 1923. The former type speciesNeoprotereunetes—Ereunetes lapidariusOudemans, 1906 is redescribed and transferred toFilieupodesJesionowska, 2010 (Cocceupodidae);Proterunetes boerneriis redescribed and designated the new type species. Two species groups are proposed to embrace Arctic and Antarctic species, respectively.Protereunetes paulinaeGless, 1972 is redescribed, whereasProtereunetes maudaeStrandtmann, 1967 is redescribed and designated the type species of the new genusAntarcteupodesgen. nov. A key to the species ofNeopretereunetesis provided.