(1) Background: The intake of aspirin (ASS) has been demonstrated to have a relevant impact on the pathogenesis, incidence and outcome in different solid gastrointestinal tumors. However, data on the effect of ASS on the short-term outcome and the long-term survival in patients with pancreatic carcinoma are still limited. (2) Methods: A total of 213 patients who underwent primary resection of PDAC at the University Hospital of Erlangen from January 2000 to December 2018 were included in this retrospective single-center study in total. Patients were stratified according to the aspirin intake into three groups: continuous aspirin intake (cASS), perioperatively interrupted aspirin intake (iASS) and no aspirin intake (no ASS) at the timepoint of surgery. The postoperative outcome as well as long-term survival were compared between the groups. (3) Results: There were no differences regarding postoperative morbidity (iASS: 54% vs. cASS: 53% vs. no ASS: 64%,p= 0.448) and in-hospital mortality (iASS: 4% vs. cASS: 10% vs. no ASS: 3%,p= 0.198) between the groups. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) did not differ in the groups when comparing the ASS-intake status (OS: iASS 17.8 months vs. cASS 19.6 months vs. no ASS 21.6 months,p= 0.489; DFS: iASS 14.0 months vs. cASS 18.3 months vs. no ASS 14.7 months,p= 0.957). Multivariate analysis revealed that age (hazard ratio (HR) 2.2,p< 0.001), lymph node-positive status (HR 2.0,p< 0.001), R status 1 or 2 (HR 2.8,p< 0.001) and differentiation with a grading of 3 (HR 1.7,p= 0.005) were significant independent prognostic factors regarding the OS. Moreover, age (HR 1.5,p= 0.040), lymph node-positive status (HR 1.8,p= 0.002) and high-grade (G3) carcinomas (HR 1.5,p= 0.037) could be identified as independent prognostic parameters for DFS. (4) Conclusions: In patients undergoing primary surgery for curative resection of pancreatic carcinoma, the perioperative intake of ASS had no significant impact on postoperative outcome, overall and disease-free survival.