A novel dual-response fluorescence probe (XBT-CN) was developed by using a fluorescence priming strategy for quantitative monitoring and visualization of hydrazine (N2H4) and hypochlorite (ClO−). With the addition of N2H4/ClO−, the cleavage reaction of C=C bond initiated by N2H4/ClO−was transformed into corresponding hydrazone and aldehyde derivatives, inducing the probeXBT-CNappeared a fluorescence “off-on” response, which was verified by DFT calculation. HRMS spectra were also conducted to confirm the sensitive mechanism ofXBT-CNto N2H4and ClO−. The probeXBT-CNhad an obvious fluorescence response to N2H4and ClO−, which caused a significant color change in unprotected eyes. In addition, the detection limits ofXBT-CNfor N2H4and ClO−were 27 nM and 34 nM, respectively. Interference tests showed that other competitive analytes could hardly interfere with the detection of N2H4and ClO−in a complex environment. In order to realize the point-of-care detection of N2H4and ClO−, anXBT-CN@hydrogel test kit combined with a portable smartphone was developed. Furthermore, the portable test kit has been applied to the detection of N2H4and ClO−in a real-world environment and food samples, and a series of good results have been achieved. Attractively, we demonstrated thatXBT-CN@hydrogel was successfully applied as an encryption ink in the field of information security. Finally, the probe can also be used to monitor and distinguish N2H4and ClO−in living cells, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity.