BackgroundRadical or conservative surgical treatment for hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis (hepatic CE) is controversial. We aimed to measure the association between radical surgery (RS) versus conservative surgery (CS) and short-term outcomes in our cohort.MethodsMedical records of hepatic CE patients’ demographic, clinical, radiological, operative and postoperative details who underwent surgical treatment between January 3, 2017 and January 3, 2018 at the Department of General Surgery, Nyingchi People's Hospital, Nyingchi, China, were retrieved and analyzed. The primary outcome was overall morbidity. The secondary outcomes included: (i) bile leakage; (ii) complications of lung, pleura, heart, liver, pancreas and biliary tract; (iii) incision infection and residual cavity abscess formation; (iv) anaphylactic reaction and shock; (v) tear of surrounding tissues; (vi) hospital and post-operative length of stay (LOS); (vii) length of surgery; (viii) blood loss during surgery. Multivariable logistic/linear regression models with various adjustment strategies for confounders were performed to evaluate the association.ResultsA total of 128 hepatic CE patients were included with 82 (64.1%) and 46 (35.9%) receiving CS and RS, respectively. After fully adjusted, RS was associated with 60% lower risk of overall complication (aOR 0.4; 95%CI, 0.2–0.9) and 0.6-h shorter surgical time (aβ 0.4; 95%CI,-0.0–0.8) comparing to CS. However, RS was associated with more blood loss during surgery (aβ 179.3; 95%CI, 54.2–304.5).ConclusionTo conclude, RS was associated with a 60% reduction in developing overall complication in the short term, but may result in more blood loss during surgery than CS.