Geranium robertianumL. is a widely distributed plant used as a traditional herbal medicine, but the knowledge of its biological properties still needs to be improved. Thus, the purpose of this presented research was to assess the phytochemical profile of extracts from aerial parts ofG.robertianum, commercially available in Poland and to study their anticancer potential and antimicrobial properties, including the antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. Additionally, the bioactivity of fractions obtained from the hexane and ethyl acetate extract was analyzed. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of organic and phenolic acids, hydrolysable tannins (gallo- and ellagitannins), and flavonoids. Significant anticancer activity was found forG. robertianumhexane extract (GrH) and ethyl acetate extract (GrEA) with an SI (selectivity index) between 2.02 and 4.39. GrH and GrEA inhibited the development of HHV-1-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in virus-infected cells and decreased the viral load by 0.52 log and 1.42 log, respectively. Among the analyzed fractions, only those obtained from GrEA showed the ability to decrease the CPE and reduce the viral load. The extracts and fractions fromG. robertianumshowed a versatile effect on the panel of bacteria and fungi. The highest activity was observed for fraction GrEA4 against Gram-positive bacteria, includingMicrococcus luteusATCC 10240 (MIC 8 μg/mL),Staphylococcus epidermidisATCC 12228 (MIC 16 μg/mL),Staphylococcus aureusATCC 43300 (MIC 125 μg/mL),Enterococcus faecalisATCC 29212 (MIC 125 μg/mL), andBacillus subtilisATCC 6633 (MIC 125 μg/mL). The observed antibacterial effect may justify the traditional use ofG. robertianumto treat hard-to-heal wounds.