By utilizing low-grade bauxite desilication solution as raw material and adding lime after thermal reaction, adsorbent MCS was synthesized. X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the MCS, MCS-Pb, and MCS-Cu. The Freundlich model was found to be more suitable for isothermal adsorption, suggesting that the adsorption of Cu2+and Pb2+by MCS is not limited to monolayer adsorption. According to the results of the experiment, the maximum adsorption capacities of lead ion and copper ion were found to be Pb2+(1921.506 mg/g) > Cu2+(561.885 mg/g), and the adsorption was controlled by chemical reactions following pseudo-second-order kinetics. Electrolyte study results indicated that the presence of background electrolyte did not affect the adsorption of Cu2+and Pb2+by MCS.