Nanoporous gold (NPG) has excellent catalytic activity and has been used in the recent literature on this issue as a sensor in various electrochemical and bioelectrochemical reactions. This paper reports on a new type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) that utilizes NPG as a gate electrode. Both n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs with NPG gate electrodes have been fabricated. The MOSFETs can be used as sensors and the results of two experiments are reported: the detection of glucose and the detection of carbon monoxide. A detailed comparison of the performance of the new MOSFET to that of the older generation of MOSFETs fitted with zinc oxide gate electrodes is given.