Polycaprolactam (PA6) is a thermoplastic polymeric material and because of its excellent mechanical properties, it has found an extensive application in military, textile, biomedical, building and construction, and several others. Because of its extensive applications, machine turning operation becomes a crucial section in the manufacturing of high-grade PA6. Hence, to have a high-grade PA6, turning operational conditions (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) are optimized on the three surface profile responses and one material removal rate (MMR) with help probability based multi-response optimization analysis. This analysis is employed for an efficient multi-criterial decision making when PA6 is manufactured with a turning operation machine. The result revealed an optimal turning operational conditions to be 860 rpm cutting speed, 0.083 mm/rev feed rate, and 4 mm depth of cut. Furthermore, the analysis of variance and the numerical presentation of the turning operational conditions revealed that the feed rate is the most significant condition with a contribution of 34.09%, followed by cutting speed with a contribution of 32.05%, and then depth of cut with a contribution of 28.62%. Also, the confirmation analysis revealed a very high efficacy of the multi-objective optimization method employed in this study. This suggests that probability based multi-objective optimization is efficacious for optimizing machine conditions of any manufactured engineering material. It is interesting to state that the high confidence level placed on the considered turning operational conditions gives room for probable machine conditions adjustments for better PA6 in the case where different machine types are employed.