PurposeHormone replacement therapy (HRT) causes a significant increase in the risk of venous thrombosis. The risk of medical and surgery-related complications among women taking HRT following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is poorly understood, and there are currently no guidelines in place regarding venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in this patient population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of early medical and surgery-related complications following THA among women taking HRT.MethodsWomen aged > 40 years of age who underwent primary THA were identified from a retrospective database review. A control group of non-HRT users was matched using propensity scoring to HRT users. Rates of 90-day medical complications and 1-year surgery-related complications were compared between cohorts using odds ratios. Postoperative anticoagulation regimens were also compared.ResultsThere were 3,936 patients in the HRT cohort who were matched to 39,360 patients not taking HRT. There were no significant differences in rates of DVT (OR 0.94,p= 0.6601) or PE (OR 0.80,p= 0.4102) between cohorts. Patients on HRT were more likely to sustain a dislocation (OR 1.35,p= 0.0269) or undergo revision surgery (OR 1.23,p= 0.0105). HRT patients were more likely to be prescribed warfarin (OR 1.21,p= 0.0001) or enoxaparin (OR 1.18,p= 0.0022) and less likely to be prescribed rivaroxaban (OR 0.62,p< 0.0001) compared to controls.ConclusionsHRT was not found to be an independent risk factor for thromboembolism following THA. Further research is warranted to better delineate the ideal perioperative medical management of HRT users undergoing THA.