﻿AbstractWe describe a new pair of trophobiotic partners from the ant genusAcropygaand the root mealybug genusNeochavesia. A recent field study onAcropygaants and associated root mealybugs, conducted in the Peruvian Amazon, led to the discovery ofAcropygamanuenseLaPolla & Schneider,sp. nov.and its root mealybug symbiontNeochavesiapodexutaSchneider & LaPolla,sp. nov.The new root mealybug belongs to the familyXenococcidae, whose members are all obligate associates ofAcropygaants. Providing joint descriptions of new mutualist partners in the same article is a novel approach for this system, and it offers benefits to the ongoing study of mutualism and patterns of association among these symbiotic ants and scales. Here, we also begin to revise the species-group composition ofAcropygaby establishing thesmithiispecies-group, and we provide updated information to aid in identifying the new ant species and root mealybug species.