AbstractTilia(Malvaceae) is a genus of deciduous trees widespread in the northern hemisphere.Tiliaspecies native to Japan include three endemic species,T. japonica,T. maximowicziana, andT. kiusiana, as well as the more widespreadT. mandshurica. Other species were also introduced, the most important beingT. miqueliana, brought to Japan with the arrival of Buddhism and planted on temple grounds as Bodaiju. Both historically and at present,Tiliatrees are valuable to the people in Japan. SomeTiliatrees are considered sacred in both Buddhism and Shinto. They are also prominent ornamental and park trees, albeit less popular in Japan than in Europe. JapaneseTiliaspp. are used in the manufacturing of honey, cosmetics, lumber (especially plywood and veneers), and traditional bast cloth. ManyTiliatrees are significant hubs in pollinator and mycorrhizal networks, but research on JapaneseTiliaecology is scarce. Despite their importance, JapaneseTiliatrees have received less scientific attention in comparison with EuropeanTiliaspecies. The most striking example isT. kiusiana, with virtually no scientific literature regarding the species (save for a series of publications studying its secondary metabolites and potential medical uses). Furthermore, most published resources concerningTiliain Japan are available only in Japanese, restricting their accessibility. This review seeks to translate, collect, and organize the information available on JapaneseTiliaspecies. By doing so, areas are highlighted where new studies are necessary. A better understanding of these important trees would also be instrumental in their conservation.