Early detection of pregnancy status may help women initiate earlier antenatal care and healthy pregnancy behaviors, which could lead to healthier mothers and infants. Pregnancy tests are inexpensive and easy to use; meanwhile, little attention has been given to understanding women’s knowledge and use of home pregnancy tests, especially in developing countries. We analyze cross-sectional data collected from 1,008 women ages 18–35, living in Northern Uganda in 2019, who are most likely to be uncertain about their pregnancy status. The survey asked women if they had knowledge of or had ever used a home pregnancy test kit, and barriers to purchasing a home pregnancy test kit. Among the 1,008 women, 65 percent report knowledge of home pregnancy test kits, and 29 percent report having ever used a test kit. Women who have heard of pregnancy test kits have higher levels of education, are in higher wealth quintiles, are more likely to have a salaried occupation and live closer to a health facility. Among women who report knowledge of home pregnancy test kits (N = 657), 90 percent report needing to ask their husband or partner for money to purchase a test kit, seven percent report they would hide the purchase, and 31 percent report that their husband or partner would not support the purchase. Women who report a lack of support from their husband or partner tend to be older, are more likely to have had prior pregnancies, are less likely to have a salaried occupation, are less likely to want a/another child, and are more likely to have a husband or partner desiring more children than herself. Future research aimed at understanding how and whether these barriers affect the utilization of home pregnancy test kits could help inform policymakers on how to increase the use of home pregnancy test kits.Trial registration:NCT03975933. Registered 05 June 2019,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03975933.