IntroductionObscurin (720–870 kDa) is a giant cytoskeletal and signaling protein that possesses both structural and regulatory functions in striated muscles. Immunoglobulin domains 58/59 (Ig58/59) of obscurin bind to a diverse set of proteins that are essential for the proper structure and function of the heart, including giant titin, novex-3, and phospholamban (PLN). Importantly, the pathophysiological significance of the Ig58/59 module has been further underscored by the discovery of several mutations within Ig58/59 that are linked to various forms of myopathy in humans. We previously generated a constitutive deletion mouse model,Obscn-ΔIg58/59, that expresses obscurin lacking Ig58/59, and characterized the effects of this deletion on cardiac morphology and function through aging. Our findings demonstrated thatObscn-ΔIg58/59male animals develop severe arrhythmia, primarily manifesting as episodes of junctional escape and spontaneous loss of regular p-waves, reminiscent of human atrial fibrillation, accompanied by significant atrial enlargement that progresses in severity with aging.Methods and ResultsTo comprehensively characterize the molecular alterations responsible for these pathologies, we performed proteomic and phospho-proteomic analyses in agingObscn-ΔIg58/59atria. Our studies revealed extensive and novel alterations in the expression and phosphorylation profile of major cytoskeletal proteins, Ca2+regulators, and Z-disk associated protein complexes in theObscn-ΔIg58/59atria through aging.DiscussionThese studies implicate obscurin, particularly the Ig58/59 module, as an essential regulator of the Z-disk associated cytoskeleton and Ca2+cycling in the atria and provide new molecular insights into the development of atrial fibrillation and remodeling.