Oesophageal cancer is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in China and one of the major causes of death due to cancer worldwide. The occurrence of oesophageal cancer is a multifactor, multistage, and multistep process influenced by heredity, the environment, and microorganisms. Specifically, bacterial infection may be involved in the process of tissue carcinogenesis by directly or indirectly influencing tumour occurrence and development.Porphyromonas gingivalisis an important pathogen causing periodontitis, and periodontitis can promote the occurrence of various tumours. An increasing number of studies to date have shown thatP. gingivalisplays an important role in the occurrence and development of oesophageal cancer. Overall, exploring howP. gingivalispromotes oesophageal cancer occurrence and development and how it affects the prognosis of these patients is of great importance for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this type of cancer. Herein, the latest progress is reviewed.