Key PointsQuestionIs having a new child in the past associated with increased antidepressant treatment among men in the United Kingdom?FindingsThis cohort study of 90 736 fathers and 453 632 men who did not have a child in the same year found no difference in antidepressant treatment between these groups once all factors, including history of treatment, were accounted for. However, history of antidepressant treatment was a key factor associated with further treatment among men who had a child in the past year.MeaningThese findings suggest that recent fatherhood was not associated with an increase in antidepressant treatment.