﻿AbstractOphiostomatales(Ascomycota) contains many species, most of which are associated with bark beetles. Some members of this order are plant or animal pathogens, while others colonize soil, different plant tissues, or even carpophores of someBasidiomycota. However, little is known about soil-inhabitingOphiostomatalesfungi. A survey of these fungi associated with soil under beech, oak, pine, and spruce stands in Poland yielded 623 isolates, representing 10 species:Heinzbutiniagrandicarpa,Leptographiumprocerum,L.radiaticola,Ophiostomapiliferum,O.quercus,Sporothrixbrunneoviolacea,S.dentifunda,S.eucastaneae, and two newly described taxa, namelySporothrixroztoczensissp. nov.andS.silvicolasp. nov.In addition, isolates collected from fallen shoots ofPinussylvestristhat were pruned byTomicussp. are described asSporothrixtumidasp. nov.The new taxa were morphologically characterized and phylogenetically analyzed based on multi-loci sequence data (ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes). TheOphiostomatalesspecies were especially abundant in soil under pine and oak stands.Leptographiumprocerum,S.silvicola, andS.roztoczensiswere the most frequently isolated species from soil under pine stands, whileS.brunneoviolaceawas the most abundant in soil under oak stands. The results highlight that forest soil in Poland has a wide diversity ofOphiostomatalestaxa, but further studies are required to uncover the molecular diversity and phylogenetic relationships of these fungi, as well as their roles in soil fungal communities.