Population-related policies are among macro-strategic policies considered by all governments in the world. To achieve the desired population structure, it is first necessary to identify the general policy approach over time. This article aims to identify the main requirements of population policies during the last 70 years in Iran. This is a qualitative content analysis study conducted via the analysis of all relevant national policy documents from 1951 to 2022. To retrieve the relevant documents, we searched the official website of eight policymaking bodies in Iran. After identifying the documents, their eligibility was evaluated using Scott’s method, and as a result, 40 documents were selected for analysis. Finally, we used a qualitative content analysis to synthesize the data using MAXQDA version 10. The findings showed that the political requirements for population reduction can be classified into four main themes of “Religious, scientific, and legal infrastructure”, “Changes in the rules”, “Institution building, programming and division of tasks”, and “Information and service provision”, with 11 sub-themes. Furthermore, the political requirements for an increasing population can be divided into six main themes of “Education & acculturation”, “Legal dos, and don’ts”, “Financial and non-financial support for families”, “Structural and information infrastructure”, “Health services”, and “Stewardship”, with 30 sub-themes. In this study, by an all-round look, and the analysis of policies of the last 70 years of Iran, it was determined how the population policies originate from the political-cultural background of society, and provide the ground for the changes in the cultural-social, political, and economic structures and as a result demographic change. In other words, the main requirements to formulate the population increase and decrease policies in Iran as a country with golden experiences to implement the population policies were shown; which can be helpful as a guide to formulate the population policies in Iran and provide a model for successful policy making in the countries with a similar background to Iran.