Curcumais extensively cultivated as a medicinal and ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical regions. Due to the bright bract color, distinctive inflorescence and long blooming period, it has become a new favorite in terms of the urban landscape, potted flowers and cut flowers. However, little research on breeding new cultivars using traditional plant breeding methods is available on the genusCurcuma. In the present study, pollen viability and stigma receptivity evaluation were performed, and the genetic relationship of 38Curcumaaccessions was evaluated, then 5C. alismatifoliaGagnep. (Ca), 2C. hybrid(Ch), 2C. sparganiifoliaGagnep. cultivars and 4Curcumanative species were selected as parents for subsequent interspecific cross-breeding. A total of 132 reciprocal crosses were carried out for interspecific hybridization, including 70 obverse and 62 inverse crosses. Obvious discrepancies among fruit-setting rates were manifested in different combinations and in reciprocal crosses. Results showed that the highest fruit-setting rate (87.5%) was observed in the Ca combinations. There were 87 combinations with a fruit-setting rate of 0%, which meant nearly 65.9% was incompatible. We concluded thatC. alismatifolia‘Siam Shadow’ (Ch34) was suitable as a male parent andC. petiolataRoxb. (Cpet) was suitable as a female parent to improve the fruit-setting rates. The maximum number of seeds per fruit (45.4) was obtained whenC. alismatifolia‘Chiang Mai Pink’ (Ca01) was used as a female parent followed byC. attenuataWall. ex Baker (Catt) (42.8) andC. alismatifolia‘Splash’ (Ca63) (39.6) as male parents. The highest germination rate was observed for the Ca group followed by Catt andC. sparganiifolia‘Maetang Sunrise’ (Csms). The germination rates of Ca accessions ranged from 58.2% (C. alismatifolia‘Siam Scarlet’ (Ca06) as a male parent) to 89.3% (C. alismatifolia‘Sitone’ (Ca10) as a male parent) with an average value of 74.0%. Based on the results of hybrid identification, all the individuals from the four combinations exhibited paternal-specific bands, indicating that the true hybrid rates of crossings were 100%. Our results would facilitate the interspecific hybridization and introduction of genetic variation from wild species into the cultivars inCurcumain the future, which could be helpful in realizing the sustainable application in urban green areas.