BackgroundOperative vaginal delivery refers to vaginal delivery performed with the use of instruments such as forceps or vacuum. Operative vaginal delivery-related maternal complications are still a serious problem, but they are one of the least investigated in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Increased difficulties have been attributed to a lack of understanding on how to anticipate the procedure's complications. Identifying typical OVD complications can assist health providers in detecting and intervening early. The goal of this study was to find out which characteristics contributed to maternal problems during surgical vaginal birth.MethodsA health facility-based cross-sectional study design was used. From December 2019 to November 2021, a total of 326 mother's OVD medical records were selected from a total of 1000 OVD medical records using a simple random sampling method. A checklist was used to collect the data. Binary logistic regression was computed and variables with apvalue ≤0.2 in the bivariate logistic regression were taken to multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the real relationship or statistical association with the outcome variable. Thepvalue of <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered a significant variable. The results are presented using tables, figures, and texts.ResultsMaternal complications were prevalent in 62 of the cases (19%). The type of operative vaginal delivery instrument used (AOR = 2.248; 95% CI (1.144, 4.416)), the station of the presenting part at which the OVD was performed (AOR = 3.199; 95% CI (1.359, 7.533)), neonatal birth weight (AOR = 3.342; 95% CI (1.435, 7.787)), and duration of the second stage (AOR = 2.556; 95% CI (1.039, 6.284)) were significantly associated with the unfavorable maternal outcomes of operative vaginal delivery.ConclusionsMaternal complications are high in the study area. The type of operative vaginal delivery used, the duration of the second stage, the station of the presenting part at which the OVD was performed, and neonatal birth weights were all significantly related to maternal complications. While using the instrument, mothers with the identified factors should be given special attention.