ObjectivesTo investigate the value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis based on whole tumor volume for the preoperative prediction of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in patients with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer.MethodsFifty consecutive patients with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer were stratified into LVSI-positive (n = 24) and LVSI-negative (n = 26) groups according to the postoperative pathology. All patients underwent pelvic 3.0T diffusion-weighted imaging with b-values of 50 and 800 s/mm2preoperatively. Whole-tumor ADC histogram analysis was performed. Differences in the clinical characteristics, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, and ADC histogram parameters between the two groups were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ADC histogram parameters in predicting LVSI.ResultsADCmax, ADCrange, ADC90, ADC95, and ADC99were significantly lower in the LVSI-positive group than in the LVSI-negative group (allP-values < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were reported for the remaining ADC parameters, clinical characteristics, and conventional MRI features between the groups (allP-values > 0.05). For predicting LVSI in stage IB-IIA cervical cancer, a cutoff ADCmaxof 1.75×10−3mm2/s achieved the largest area under ROC curve (Az) of 0.750, followed by a cutoff ADCrangeof 1.36×10−3mm2/s and ADC99of 1.75×10−3mm2/s (Az= 0.748 and 0.729, respectively), and the cutoff ADC90and ADC95achieved an Azof <0.70.ConclusionWhole-tumor ADC histogram analysis has potential value for preoperative prediction of LVSI in patients with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer. ADCmax, ADCrange,and ADC99are promising prediction parameters.