AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we investigated the impact of Zibai ointment on wound healing by analyzing the expression levels of two key apoptosis‐related factors—B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax), in patients following surgery for anal fistula.MethodsWe included 90 patients with anal fistulas who were treated in the People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with Zibai ointment (n= 45) or petroleum jelly (n= 45). The levels of apoptosis‐related factors Bcl‐2 and Bax were evaluated using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while cell apoptosis was assessed using Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick‐End Labeling (TUNEL) assay.ResultsThe results of ELISA showed that on Day 21 after the surgery, the levels of Bcl‐2 and Bax in the Zibai ointment group were significantly different compared to the petroleum jelly group, with values of (60.11 ± 1.31) ng/mL and (7.05 ± 0.01) versus (83.79 ± 1.74) ng/mL and (6.00 ± 0.05) ng/mL, respectively (p< .05). Furthermore, light microscopy revealed a large number of apoptotic cells within the field of vision 14 days postsurgery in the Zibai ointment group, and the healing time in the Zibai ointment group was significantly different from that in the petroleum jelly group (p< .05).ConclusionWe found that Zibai ointment effectively promoted wound healing in patients following anal fistula surgery, possibly by regulating Bcl‐2 and Bax apoptosis‐related factors.