BackgroundIn a didactic lecture (DL), students listen, take notes, and passively accept the knowledge. Case-based learning (CBL) uses clinical cases for active learning and productive outcome. Although some studies have shown that DL is less effective than CBL, the results were inconclusive. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CBL in pharmacology.MethodologyThis study involved 80 second-year medical students divided into two groups. The results of post-test scores and retention test one month later were compared between the groups using multiple-choice questions.ResultsDL showed statistically significant better outcomes in immediate learning compared to CBL in both groups (p = 0.000 and 0.002). Although there were slightly better retention scores for CBL compared to DL in both groups, it was not statistically significant.ConclusionsDL showed significantly better immediate learning outcomes compared to CBL, with no difference in long-term outcomes for both teaching-learning methods. Hence, DL continues to be the gold standard for teaching pharmacology.