ObjectivesRadiomics image data analysis offers promising approaches in research but has not been implemented in clinical practice yet, partly due to the instability of many parameters. The aim of this study is to evaluate the stability of radiomics analysis on phantom scans with photon-counting detector CT (PCCT).MethodsPhoton-counting CT scans of organic phantoms consisting of 4 apples, kiwis, limes, and onions each were performed at 10 mAs, 50 mAs, and 100 mAs with 120-kV tube current. The phantoms were segmented semi-automatically and original radiomics parameters were extracted. This was followed by statistical analysis including concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), as well as random forest (RF) analysis, and cluster analysis to determine the stable and important parameters.ResultsSeventy-three of the 104 (70%) extracted features showed excellent stability with a CCC value > 0.9 when compared in a test and retest analysis, and 68 features (65.4%) were stable compared to the original in a rescan after repositioning. Between the test scans with different mAs values, 78 (75%) features were rated with excellent stability. Eight radiomics features were identified that had an ICC value greater than 0.75 in at least 3 of 4 groups when comparing the different phantoms in a phantom group. In addition, the RF analysis identified many features that are important for distinguishing the phantom groups.ConclusionRadiomics analysis using PCCT data provides high feature stability on organic phantoms, which may facilitate the implementation of radiomics analysis likewise in clinical routine.Key Points• Radiomics analysis using photon-counting computed tomography provides high feature stability.• Photon-counting computed tomography may pave the way for implementation of radiomics analysis in clinical routine.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00330-023-09460-z.