Four undescribed pyrethrins C-F (1–4) as well as four known pyrethrins (5–8) were isolated from seeds ofPyrethrumcinerariifoliumTrev. The structures of compounds1–4were elucidated by UV, HRESIMS, and NMR (1H and13C NMR,1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY), among which the stereostructure of compound4was determined by calculated ECD. Furthermore, compounds1–4were evaluated for their aphidicidal activities. The insecticidal assay results showed that1–4exhibited moderate aphidicidal activities at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL with the 24 h mortality rates ranging from 10.58 to 52.98%. Among them, pyrethrin D (2) showed the highest aphidicidal activity, with the 24 h mortality rate of 52.98%, which was slightly lower than the positive control (pyrethrin II, 83.52%).Graphical AbstractSupplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13659-023-00385-0.