ABSTRACTOXA-232 carbapenemase is becoming a threat in China due to its high prevalence, mortality, and limited treatment options. However, little information is available on the impact of OXA-232-producingKlebsiella pneumoniaein China. This study aims to characterize the clonal relationships, the genetic mechanisms of resistance, and the virulence of OXA-232-producingK. pneumoniaeisolates in China. We collected 81 OXA-232-producingK. pneumoniaeclinical isolates from 2017 to 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. Capsular types, multilocus sequence types, virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, plasmid replicon types, and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) phylogeny were inferred from whole-genome sequences. OXA-232-producingK. pneumoniaestrains were resistant to most antimicrobial agents. These isolates showed partial differences in susceptibility to carbapenems: all strains were resistant to ertapenem, while the resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem were 67.9% and 97.5%, respectively. Sequencing and capsular diversity analysis of the 81K. pneumoniaeisolates revealed 3 sequence types (ST15, ST231, and one novel ST [ST-V]), 2 K-locus types (KL112 and KL51), and 2 O-locus types (O2V1 and O2V2). The predominant plasmid replicon types associated with the OXA-232 andrmtFgenes were ColKP3 (100%) and IncFIB-like (100%). Our study summarized the genetic characteristics of OXA-232-producingK. pneumoniaecirculating in China. The results demonstrate the practical applicability of genomic surveillance and its utility in providing methods to prevent transmission. It alerts us to the urgent need for longitudinal surveillance of these transmissible lineages.IMPORTANCEIn recent years, the detection rate of carbapenem-resistantK. pneumoniaehas increased and represents a major threat to clinical anti-infective therapy. Compared with KPC-type carbapenemases and NDM-type metallo-β-lactamases, OXA-48 family carbapenemases are another important resistance mechanism mediating bacterial resistance to carbapenems. In this study, we investigated the molecular characteristics of OXA-232 carbapenemase-producingK. pneumoniaeisolated from several hospitals to clarify the epidemiological dissemination characteristics of such drug-resistant strains in China.