BackgroundEndometrial injury is considered the major cause of female infertility. Traditional therapies such as estrogen substitution therapy are not satisfactory due to individual variation in response to treatment, thereby warranting the use of alternative strategies such as stem cell therapy. Transplantation of stem cells, such as umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs), has been shown to improve endometrial healing. However, due to the effect of the intrauterine environment, the therapeutic effect of UCMSCs is limited, and its efficacy is unstable. HOXA10, encoded by theHOXA10gene, plays an important role in endometrium morphology maintenance, proliferation, differentiation, and embryo implantation. Moreover, UCMSCs do not show HOXA10 expression.ObjectiveOur study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of HOXA10-transfected UCMSCs on endometrial injury repairin vivo.MethodsFirst, we established T10-UCMSCs (UCMSCs transfected with HOXA10) for transplantation. To establish the endometrial injury model, we injected 95% ethanol into the uterine cavity and transplanted T10-UCMSCs into the uterine cavity from the cornua uteri. Fourteen days later, uteri were collected for histological and biochemical analysis of endometrial growth and receptivity.ResultsOur results showed the endometrial receptivity was better in T10-UCMSCs group than in UCMSCs group, suggesting that HOXA10 could enhance the repairing ability of UCMSCs in the endometrium injury repair. More importantly, the fertility test showed that more embryos were implanted in the T10-UCMSCs group.ConclusionOur results suggest that UCMSCs with HOXA10 expression could improve the therapeutic effects on endometrial injury repairing.