AbstractThe linguistic counting system of deaf signers consists of a manual counting format that uses specific structures for number words. Interestingly, the number signs from 1 to 4 in the Belgian sign languages correspond to the finger‐montring habits of hearing individuals. These hand configurations could therefore be considered assigns(i.e., part of a language system) for deaf, while they would simply be numbergestures(not linguistic) for hearing controls. A Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation design was used with electroencephalography recordings to examine whether these finger‐number configurations are differently processed by the brain when they aresigns(in deaf signers) as compared to when they aregestures(in hearing controls). Results showed that deaf signers show stronger discrimination responses to canonical finger‐montring configurations compared to hearing controls. A second control experiment furthermore demonstrated that this finding was not merely due to the experience deaf signers have with the processing of hand configurations, as brain responses did not differ between groups for finger‐counting configurations. Number configurations are therefore processed differently by deaf signers, but only when these configurations are part of their language system.