AbstractBackgroundThe taeniopterygid genusTaenionemaBanks, 1905 currently contains 14 species distributed in the Nearctic and the eastern Palearctic Regions.Taenionemajaponicum(Okamoto, 1922) is the only species known from the Eastern Hemisphere, specifically in Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia and north-eastern China. The authors recently described the larvae of an undeterminedTaenionemaspecies, which was supposed to represent a second Palaearctic species.New informationThis paper reports the first endemic species ofTaenionemaBanks, 1905,Taenionemasinensissp. n. from China, which also represents the second species ofTaenionemafrom the Eastern Hemisphere. Description and illustrations based on male and female adults are provided. The new species is easily distinguished from all congeners by the bilobed abdominal sternum 9 of the male adult. The female adult is characterised by the posteriorly truncate postgenital plate. The male larva is distinguished by the emarginate subgenital plate and hook-shaped paraprocts.