Key PointsQuestionDoes the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) address racial disparities in food insecurity?FindingsIn this cross-sectional study of 4974 US households, Black and multiracial households had higher rates of food insecurity than White households in adjusted analyses. This disparity was not found among households that had access to SNAP benefits.MeaningThese findings suggest that SNAP likely plays a key role in addressing food insecurity, but there are racial disparities in food insecurity among those not participating in the program.