﻿AbstractThe family ofCryphonectriaceae(Diaporthales) contains many important tree pathogens and the hosts are wide-ranging. Tree species ofTerminaliawere widely planted as ornamental trees alongside city roads and villages in southern China. Recently, stem canker and cracked bark were observed on 2–6 year oldTerminalianeotalialaandT.mantalyin several nurseries in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China. Typical conidiomata ofCryphonectriaceaefungi were observed on the surface of the diseased tissue. In this study, we used DNA sequence data (ITS,BT2/BT1,TEF-1α,rpb2) and morphological characteristics to identify the strains fromTerminaliatrees. Our results showed that isolates obtained in this study represent two species ofAurifilum, one previously described species,A.terminali, and an unknown species, which we described asA.cercianasp. nov. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that bothA.terminaliandA.cercianawere able to infectT.neotalialaand two testedEucalyptusclones, suggesting the potential forAurifilumfungi to become new pathogens ofEucalyptus.