BackgroundTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in the clinical treatment of hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) and liver fibrosis (LF). In the present study, the curative effect was assessed using meta-analysis. The possible mechanism of TCM against LF in HLD was investigated using network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation.MethodsFor literature collection, we searched several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP) and Wan Fang database until February 2023, and the Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze the data. Network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation were used to explore the mechanism of TCM in treating LF in HLD.ResultsThe results of the meta-analysis revealed that the addition of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in treating HLD resulted in a higher total clinical effective rate than western medicine alone [RR 1.25, 95% CI (1.09, 1.44),p= 0.002]. It not only has a better effect on liver protection [Alanine aminotransferase: SMD = −1.20, 95% CI (−1.70, −0.70),p< 0.00001; Aspartate aminotransferase: SMD = −1.41, 95% CI (−2.34, −0.49),p= 0.003; Total bilirubin: SMD = −1.70, 95% CI (−3.36, −0.03),p= 0.05] but also had an excellent therapeutic effect on LF through four indexes [Hyaluronic acid: SMD = −1.15, 95% CI (−1.76, −0.53),p= 0.0003; Procollagen peptide III: SMD = −0.72, 95% CI (−1.29, −0.15),p= 0.01; Collagen IV: SMD = −0.69, 95% CI (−1.21, −0.18),p= 0.008; Laminin: SMD = −0.47, 95% CI (−0.95, 0.01),p= 0.06]. Concurrently, the liver stiffness measurement decreased significantly [SMD = −1.06, 95% CI (−1.77, −0.36),p= 0.003]. The results of network pharmacological experiments and molecular dynamics simulation indicate that the three high-frequency TCMs (Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma-Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, DH-HL-JH) primarily act on the core targets (AKT1, SRC, and JUN) via the core components (rhein, quercetin, stigmasterol, and curcumin), regulate the signal pathway (PI3K-Akt, MAPK, EGFR, and VEGF signaling pathways), and play a role of anti-LF.ConclusionMeta-analysis indicates that TCM is beneficial in treating HLD patients and improving LF. The present study successfully predicts the effective components and potential targets and pathways involved in treating LF for the three high-frequency CHMs of DH-HL-JH. The findings of the present study are hoped to provide some evidence support for clinical treatment.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42022302374.