Simple SummaryVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common and often fatal complication in cancer patients. The initial treatment for VTE in cancer patients is typically low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), a type of anticoagulant that prevents VTE from recurring. However, information on outcomes of LMWH treatment in cancer patients with VTE have not typically been collected from large national databases, such as the one in France. The aim of this study was to assess VTE recurrence, bleeding (a common side effect of anticoagulant treatment), and all-cause mortality in cancer patients in France who were prescribed LMWH for VTE in 2013–2018. Our results indicate that cancer patients who experience VTE have unmet medical needs due to high rates of mortality, VTE recurrence, and bleeding after LMWH treatment initiation. Our study may help further research on outcomes in cancer patients with VTE who receive the next generation of therapy, direct oral anticoagulants.AbstractPatients with cancer have an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) and an increased risk of death from VTE. Until recently, the standard of care for treatment of VTE in cancer patients was low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). To determine treatment patterns and outcomes, we performed an observational study using a nationwide health database. Treatment patterns, rates of bleeding, and VTE recurrence at 6 and 12 months were assessed in cancer patients with VTE in France prescribed LMWH in 2013–2018. Of 31,771 patients administered LMWH (mean age 66.3 years), 51.0% were male, 58.7% had pulmonary embolism, and 70.9% had metastatic disease. At 6 months LMWH persistence was 81.6%, VTE recurrence had occurred in 1256 patients (4.0%) at a crude rate per 100 person-months (PM) of 0.90, and bleeding had occurred in 1124 patients (3.5%) at a crude rate per 100 PM of 0.81. At 12 months, VTE recurrence had occurred in 1546 patients (4.9%) at a crude rate per 100 PM of 0.71 and bleeding had occurred in 1438 patients (4.5%) at a crude rate per 100 PM of 0.66. Overall, VTE-related clinical event rates were high among patients administered LMWH, suggesting an unmet medical need.