AbstractChickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) is classed among the most important leguminous crops of high economic value in Ethiopia. Two plant-parasitic nematode species,Pratylenchus delattreiandQuinisulcius capitatus, were recovered from chickpea-growing areas in Ethiopia and characterized using molecular and morphological data, including the first scanning electron microscopy data forP. delattrei. New sequences of D2-D3 of 28S, ITS rDNA and mtDNACOIgenes have been obtained from these species, providing the firstCOIsequences forP. delattreiandQ. capitatus,with both species being found for the first time on chickpea in Ethiopia. Furthermore,Pratylenchus delattreiwas recovered in Ethiopia for the first time. The information obtained about these nematodes will be crucial to developing effective nematode management plans for future chickpea production.