Species ofCystolepiotaare known as diminutive lepiotaceous fungi with a worldwide distribution. Previous studies revealed thatCystolepiotais not monophyletic and preliminary DNA sequence data from recent collections suggested that several new species exist. Based on multi-locus DNA sequence data (the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, ITS; the D1–D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA, LSU; the most variable region of the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II,rpb2and a portion of the translation–elongation factor 1-α.tef1),C.sect.Pulverolepiotaforms a distinct clade separating fromCystolepiota. Therefore, the genusPulverolepiotawas resurrected and two combinations,P. oliveiraeandP. petasiformiswere proposed. With the integration of morphological characteristics, multi-locus phylogeny, and information on geography and habitat, two new species, viz.C. pseudoseminudaandC. pyramidosquamulosa, are described andC. seminudawas revealed to be a species complex containing at least three species, viz.C. seminuda,C. pseudoseminuda, andMelanophyllum eryei. In addition,C. seminudawas re-circumscribed and neo-typified based on recent collections.