Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common hematological malignancy that has a high recurrence rate. FIBP was reported to be highly expressed in multiple tumor types. However, its expression and role in acute myeloid leukemia remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the role and value of FIBP in the diagnosis and prognosis, and to analyze its correlation with immune infiltration in acute myeloid leukemia by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. FIBP was highly expressed in AML samples compared to normal samples. The differentially expressed genes were identified between high and low expression of FIBP. The high FIBP expression group had poorer overall survival. FIBP was closely correlated with CD4, IL-10 and IL-2. The enrichment analysis indicated DEGs were mainly related to leukocyte migration, leukocyte cell–cell adhesion, myeloid leukocyte differentiation, endothelial cell proliferation and T cell tolerance induction. FIBP expression has significant correlation with infiltrating levels of various immune cells. FIBP could be a potential targeted therapy and prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltrates for AML.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12672-023-00723-1.