This review aims to compile the available literature on monkeypox, identify risk factors for developing the disease, and recommend effective preventative methods to reduce the number of reported cases and fatalities in children and pregnant women. In seeking out pertinent studies on monkeypox virus in children and pregnant women, we searched the literature using the databases Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus up to 1st February 2023. This study analyzed data from case studies of monkeypox in children and pregnant women. Clinical data and test findings of monkeypox patients less than 18 years old and pregnant women were analyzed. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to do the quality evaluation. Our record examination spanned the years 1985 to 2023 and found 17 children and five pregnant female patients treated with monkeypox in various hospitals/community centers. Zaire, Gabon, Chicago, Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Northern DR Congo, Liberia, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Florida all contributed to the 14 studies analyzed. There were no studies identified for meta-analysis of selected case studies of hospitalized children and pregnant women who were diagnosed with monkeypox. The incidence, prevalence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management, prevention, vaccinations, infant care, and care for expectant mothers are all discussed in this systematic review of monkeypox in children. Our research findings may provide a foundation for further focused research and the development of related recommendations or guidelines.