PurposeThis study aimed to explore how patients treated for endometrial cancer (EC) with robotic surgery are affected in symptoms of anxiety and depression and HRQoL in the long term.MethodsWomen scheduled for primary robotic surgery for EC were included (n= 64), in this single-center study. Socioeconomic variables were obtained at baseline. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancers Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30), its module for EC (EN24), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9) were followed prospectively from baseline to 2 weeks, 3 months and 1 year postoperatively.ResultsThe number of patients scoring above the clinical threshold for anxiety decreased from 17 (27.0%) at baseline to 4 (7.0%) at 2 weeks (p= 0.012). Depressive symptoms were reported in 20% of patients at baseline and did not change significantly during the one-year follow-up (p= 0.58). A significant decrease in Global health status was seen at 2 weeks (from 69.8 to 62.7;p= 0.048), with return to baseline levels after 3 months (68.5;p= 0.32) and stable at 1 year. Unemployment, low income, and adjuvant therapy correlated with lower Global health status at 3 months.ConclusionThe significant proportion of patients with anxiety symptoms preoperatively reduced prompt after surgery, while the proportion with depression remained constant, indicating that the primary treatment has no long-term negative effect on patients’ mental health. At 3 months, there is no obvious remaining negative impact on patients’ HRQoL, and these results are consistent after 1 year.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00404-023-06917-w.