Background:In current literature, the benefit of postoperative physiotherapy versus postoperative instructions by treating specialist only remains unclear. The aim of this review is to systematically assess existing literature regarding the functional outcome of postoperative physiotherapy compared to postoperative instructions by treating specialist only in the rehabilitation of patients with an ankle fracture. The secondary aim is to determine if there is a difference in ankle range of motion, strength, pain, complications, quality of life, and patient’s satisfaction between these 2 rehabilitation methods.Methods:For this review, the PubMed/MEDLINE, PEDro, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies that compared postoperative rehabilitation groups.Results:The electronic data search detected 20 579 articles. After exclusion, 5 studies with a total of 552 patients were included. Overall, no significant benefit in functional outcome of postoperative physiotherapy was seen compared to the instructions-only group. One study even found a significant benefit in favor of the instructions-only group. An exemption for beneficial effect of the use of physiotherapy could be made for younger patients, as 2 studies described younger age as a factor for better outcomes (functional outcome and ankle range of motion) in the postoperative physiotherapy group. Patients’ satisfaction, described by one study, was found to be significantly higher in the physiotherapy group (P= .047). All other secondary aims showed no significant difference.Conclusion:Because of the limited number of studies and the heterogeneity among studies, a valid conclusion about the general effect of physiotherapy cannot be formed. However, we identified limited evidence suggesting a possible benefit of physiotherapy in younger patients with an ankle fracture in functional outcome and ankle range of motion.