Key PointsQuestionIs there a lifetime higher risk of meningioma among female patients with breast cancer or of breast cancer among female patients with meningioma compared with the overall female population?FindingsThis systematic review and meta-analysis of 51 studies describing 2238 patients found that female patients diagnosed with meningioma were at significantly higher risk of breast cancer compared with the general population. The odds ratio of meningioma in female patients with breast cancer was not statistically significant.MeaningThese findings suggest guidelines should be updated regarding screening for these 2 diseases in female patients, specifically regarding breast cancer in female patients with meningioma.