Introduction: Antenatal (prenatal) education is a vital role of midwives when giving antenatal care to pregnant women. Particularly in the late stages of pregnancy, antenatal education regarding the natural-labor process, the introduction of labor rooms, coping strategies, and labor-pain management may enhance maternal self-efficacy and perceptions of childbirth. However, educational programs that include birth plans, pain-relief measures, and birth preparation are not a structured part of the Saudi healthcare system. This is the first study to investigate the effect of antenatal education on maternal self-efficacy in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an antenatal education program on maternal self-efficacy in primiparous pregnant women and to determine the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and their sociodemographic characteristics in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A randomized control trial (pretest/posttest) design was conducted with 94 primiparous pregnant women. Two groups were compared: an intervention group, which received a structured antenatal educational program (n= 46), and a control group, which received routine antenatal care (n= 48). The childbirth self-efficacy inventory (CBSEI) was used to assess maternal self-efficacy. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24 (Released 2016; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States).Results: The mean score on the CBSEI pretest was 238.5 ± 237.4 compared to 242.9 ± 276.2 in the posttest mean score, with significant differences (p <.05) in maternal self-efficacy between the pretest and posttest scores for both groups.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that an antenatal educational program could serve as an essential tool, providing access to high-quality information and skills during the antenatal period and significantly enhancing maternal self-efficacy. It is crucial to invest resources to empower and equip pregnant women in ways that promote positive perceptions and boost their confidence regarding childbirth.