Particulate matter (PM) exposure can adversely affect respiratory function. Probiotics can alleviate the inflammatory responses in respiratory diseases. We examined the protective effects ofLactobacillus paracaseiATG-E1 isolated from the feces of a newborn baby against airway inflammation in a PM10plus diesel exhaust particle (DEP) (PM10D)-induced airway inflammation model. BALB/c mice were exposed to PM10D by intranasal injection three times at 3-day intervals for 12 days, andL. paracaseiATG-E1 was administered orally for 12 days. Analysis of immune cell population and expression of various inflammatory mediators and gut barrier-related genes were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung, peyer’s patch, and small intestine. A histological analysis of the lungs was performed. In addition, thein vitrosafety and their safety in genomic analyses were examined.L. paracaseiATG-E1 was found to be safein vitroand by genomic analysis.L. paracaseiATG-E1 suppressed neutrophil infiltration and the number of CD4+, CD4+CD69+, CD62L–CD44+high, CD21/35+B220+, and Gr-1+CD11b+cells, as well as the expression of inflammatory mediators, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, interleukin (IL)-17a, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 in BALF and lungs in PM10D-induced airway inflammation. It protected against histopathological damage in the lungs of mice with PM10D-induced airway inflammation.L. paracaseiATG-E1 concomitantly increased the expression levels of the gut barrier function-related genes occludin, claudin-1, and IL-10 in the small intestine, with an increased number of CD4+and CD4+CD25+immune cells in the peyer’s patch.L. paracaseiATG-E1 suppressed immune activation and airway inflammatory responses in the airways and lungs by restoring the lung damage by PM10D. It also regulated intestinal immunity and ameliorated the gut barrier function in the ileum. These results indicate the potential ofL. paracaseiATG-E1 as an protective and therapeutic agent against airway inflammation and respiratory diseases.