Pimeleais a genus of about 140 plant species, some of which are well-known for causing animal poisoning resulting in significant economic losses to the Australian livestock industry. The main poisonous species/subspecies includePimelea simplex(subsp.simplexand subsp.continua),P. trichostachyaandP. elongata(generally referred to asPimelea). These plants contain a diterpenoid orthoester toxin, called simplexin.Pimeleapoisoning is known to cause the death of cattle (Bos taurusandB. indicus) or weaken surviving animals.Pimeleaspecies are well-adapted native plants, and their diaspores (single seeded fruits) possess variable degrees of dormancy. Hence, the diaspores do not generally germinate in the same recruitment event, which makes management difficult, necessitating the development of integrated management strategies based on infestation circumstances (e.g., size and density). For example, the integration of herbicides with physical control techniques, competitive pasture establishment and tactical grazing could be effective in some situations. However, such options have not been widely adopted at the field level to mitigate ongoing management challenges. This systematic review provides a valuable synthesis of the current knowledge on the biology, ecology, and management of poisonousPimeleaspecies with a focus on the Australian livestock industry while identifying potential avenues for future research.