Background:Cognitive impairment is a feature of essential tremor (ET). There are no studies of the genetic drivers of this association. We examined whether the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) H1 haplotype is associated with cognitive performance in ET.Methods:ET cases genotyped for the MAPT H1 and H2 haplotypes completed a battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline and four follow-up evaluations. Chi-square, t-tests, and analyses of covariance examined associations between the presence of the MAPT H1 haplotype, cognitive diagnoses of normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia, and performance in specific cognitive domains.Results:We observed no evidence of cognitive differences as a function of the presence of the MAPT H1 haplotype. Specifically, cases with (n = 57) and without (n = 42) this haplotype did not differ with respect to the prevalence of diagnoses of MCI or dementia,p≥ 0.87. Moreover, cases with vs without this haplotype did not differ in either the age or point in the disease course at which observed conversions to MCI or dementia occurred,p’s ≥ 0.51. Finally, no haplotype-related differences were observed in performance in the cognitive domains of attention, executive function, language, memory, visuospatial or global ability,p’s ≥ 0.21, or in changes in performance in these domains across time,p’s ≥ 0.08.Discussion:The study in an ET cohort revealed no influence of MAPT haplotypes on cognitive performance. This study serves as a valuable foundation for future studies to expand our understanding of the genetic drivers of cognitive impairment in ET.HighlightsThis study found no evidence of cognitive differences between individuals with and without the MAPT H1 haplotype. Our work provides a valuable foundation for future work to expand our knowledge of the genetic drivers of cognitive impairment in ET.