Root architecture is key in determining how effective plants are at intercepting and absorbing nutrients and water. Previously, the wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars Spica and Maringa were shown to have contrasting root morphologies. These cultivars were crossed to generate an F6:1population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) which was genotyped using a 90 K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) chip. A total of 227 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were grown in soil for 21 days in replicated trials under controlled conditions. At harvest, the plants were scored for seven root traits and two shoot traits. An average of 7.5 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with each trait and, for each of these, physical locations of the flanking markers were identified using the Chinese Spring reference genome. We also compiled a list of genes from wheat and other monocotyledons that have previously been associated with root growth and morphology to determine their physical locations on the Chinese Spring reference genome. This allowed us to determine whether the QTL discovered in our study encompassed genes previously associated with root morphology in wheat or other monocotyledons. Furthermore, it allowed us to establish if the QTL were co-located with the QTL identified from previously published studies. The parental lines together with the genetic markers generated here will enable specific root traits to be introgressed into elite wheat lines. Moreover, the comprehensive list of genes associated with root development, and their physical locations, will be a useful resource for researchers investigating the genetics of root morphology in cereals.