Simple SummaryDifferent genetic loci have a significant impact on individual susceptibility to various bacterial infections, which may help to explain the unique phenotypic presentation of postpartum endometritis. Finding the genes and mutations that cause the variation in disease resistance could greatly improve the efficacy of breeding animals with innate disease resistance. Molecular genetic analyses of the immunological (TLR4,TLR7,TNF-α,IL10,NCF4, andLITAF), antioxidant (ATOX1,GST, andOXSR1), and erythritol-related (TKT,RPIA, andAMPD1) genes comparing healthy and endometritis cows found differences in nucleotide sequence and transcript levels. This remark might indicate that healthy animals have their immune systems well controlled. These genes’ abundance in transcripts offers a possible source of postpartum uterine health markers.AbstractThis study looked at genetic polymorphisms and transcript levels of immune, antioxidant, and erythritol-related markers for postparturient endometritis prediction and tracking in Holstein dairy cows. One hundred and thirty female dairy cows (65 endometritis affected and 65 apparently healthy) were used. Nucleotide sequence variations between healthy and endometritis-affected cows were revealed using PCR-DNA sequencing for immune (TLR4,TLR7,TNF-α,IL10,NCF4, andLITAF), antioxidant (ATOX1,GST, andOXSR1), and erythritol-related (TKT,RPIA, andAMPD1) genes. Chi-square investigation exposed a noteworthy variance amongst cow groups with and without endometritis in likelihood of dispersal of all distinguished nucleotide variants (p< 0.05). TheIL10,ATOX1, andGSTgenes were expressed at substantially lower levels in endometritis-affected cows. Gene expression levels were considerably higher in endometritis-affected cows than in resistant ones for the genesTLR4,TLR7,TNF-α,NCF4,LITAF,OXSR1,TKT,RPIA, andAMPD1. The sort of marker and vulnerability or resistance to endometritis had a significant impact on the transcript levels of the studied indicators. The outcomes might confirm the importance of nucleotide variants along with gene expression patterns as markers of postparturient endometritis susceptibility/resistance and provide a workable control plan for Holstein dairy cows.