Ternary Optical Computer (TOC) is more advanced than traditional computer systems in parallel computing, which is characterized by huge amounts of repeated computations. However, the application of the TOC is still limited because of lack of key theories and technologies. In order to make the TOC applicable and advantageous, this paper systematically elaborates the key theories and technologies of parallel computing for the TOC through a programming platform, including reconfigurability and groupable usability of optical processor bits, parallel carry-free optical adder and the TOC’s application characteristics, communication file to express user’s needs and data organization method of the TOC. Finally, experiments are carried out to show the effectiveness of the present theories and technologies for parallel computing, as well as the feasibility of the implementation method of the programming platform. For a special instance, it is shown that the clock cycle on the TOC is only 0.26% of on a traditional computer, and the computing resource spent on the TOC is 25% of that on a traditional computer. Based on the study of the TOC in this paper, more complex parallel computing can be realized in the future.