Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generates patient anxiety (PA) and, therefore, it is important to understand individual and contextual variables that may cause it. In study one, we explored those anxiety predictors. In study two, we examined the effect of the experience of MRI on PA comparing anxiety pre- to post-MRI. Methods: PA was measured with an anxiety and stress scale in an interview format. Data collection occurred at a public hospital with MRI outpatients aged 18 or older. In study one (n= 204), participants answered the questionnaire immediately after experiencing the MRI and the data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. In study two (n= 242), participants answered the questionnaire before and after the examination and the data were analyzed through Bayesian statistics. Results: Being female, having a higher education level (EL), and not receiving information about the examination predicts higher PA after MRI. Patients with prior information have a decrease in PA from pre- to post-MRI. Those who do not have no change in PA. In low-educated patients, PA also decreases and no changes occur in highly educated patients. Conclusion: This study provides health professionals with valuable indicators about patients who are more likely to perceive and express anxiety during MRI.