Background: Mounting evidence suggests a pivotal role for the gut microbiome in energy disequilibrium characteristic of obesity. The clinical utility of microbial profiling for the distinction between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) remains ill-defined. We aim to probe microbial composition and diversity in young adult Saudi females with MHO and MUO. This observational study included anthropometric and biochemical measurements and shotgun sequencing of stool DNA for 92 subjects. α- and β-diversity metrics were calculated to determine the richness and variability in microbial communities, respectively. Results showed thatBacteroidesandBifidobacterium merycicumwere less abundant in MUO compared to healthy and MHO groups. BMI was negatively correlated withB. adolescentis,B. longum, andActinobacteriain MHO, while being positively correlated withBacteroides thetaiotaomicronin both MHO and MUO. Positive correlations between waist circumference andB. merycicumandB. thetaiotaomicronwere observed in MHO and MUO, respectively. Compared to MHO and MUO groups, higher α-diversity was detected in healthy individuals who also had higher β-diversity compared to those with MHO. We conclude that modulation of the gut microbiome cohorts through prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation may be a promising preventive and therapeutic approach to obesity-associated disease.