The soldier caste differentiation is a complex process that is governed by the transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional regulation. microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that control a wide range of activities. However, their roles in solider caste differentiation are barely studied. RT-qPCR is a powerful tool to study the function of genes. A reference gene is required for normalization for the the relative quantification method. However, no reference gene is available for miRNA quantification in the study of solider caste differentiation ofCoptotermes formosanusShiraki. In this research, in order to screen the suitable reference genes for the study of the roles of miRNAs in solider caste differentiation, the expression levels of 8 candidate miRNA genes were quantified in the head and thorax + abdomen during soldier differentiation. The qPCR data were analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCtmethod and RefFinder. The normalization effect of the reference genes was evaluated using thelet-7-3p. Our study showed thatnovel-m0649-3pwas the most stable reference gene, whileU6was the least stable reference gene. Our study has selected the most stable reference gene, and has paved the way for functional analysis of miRNAs in solider caste differentiation.