BackgroundHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) has increasingly been shown to be related to extragastric diseases. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), an indicator of glycemic control, is closely linked to the event of diabetes. The purpose of this research was to analyze the association betweenH. pyloriand HbA1c through a cohort study.MethodsThe population who underwent multiple physical checkups in the physical examination center of Taizhou Hospital was included. All of them underwent urea breath test, serological examination and physical parameter measurement. Multiple regression was used for analyzing the influencing factors of HbA1c. In addition, the result of HbA1c onH. pyloriinfection was studied by restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index represents the level of insulin resistance (IR) in the population. The population was classified on the basis of primary and lastH. pyloriinfection, therefore, the variations of HbA1c and TyG index among totally different teams were investigated.ResultsMultiple regression demonstrated thatH. pyloriwas an influential factor in HbA1c. RCS analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between HbA1c andH. pyloriinfection. When HbA1c>5.7%, the chance ofH. pyloriinfection was considerably enlarged. Additionally, long-termH. pyloriinfection increased HbA1c levels, while HbA1c levels decreased afterH. pylorieradication. Similarly, long-termH. pyloriinfection also increased the TyG index.ConclusionPrediabetes increases the danger ofH. pyloriinfection, long-termH. pyloriinfection increases HbA1c and IR levels, and wipeout ofH. pyloricould have a positive impact for glycemic control in the population.