Five new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids (aquisinenoids F–J (1–5)) and five known compounds (6–10) were isolated from the agarwood ofAquilaria sinensis. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and computational methods. Inspired by our previous study on the same kinds of skeletons, we speculated that the new compounds have anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. The results did not show any activity, but they revealed the structure–activity relationships (SAR).