Oil-tea (Camellia oleifera) is a woody oil crop whose nectar includes galactose derivatives that are toxic to honey bees. Interestingly, some mining bees of the genusAndrenacan entirely live on the nectar (and pollen) of oil-tea and are able to metabolize these galactose derivatives. We present the first next-generation genomes for five and oneAndrenaspecies that are, respectively, specialized and non-specialized oil-tea pollinators and, combining these with the published genomes of six otherAndrenaspecies which did not visit oil-tea, we performed molecular evolution analyses on the genes involved in the metabolizing of galactose derivatives. The six genes (NAGA,NAGA-like,galM,galK,galT, andgalE) involved in galactose derivatives metabolism were identified in the five oil-tea specialized species, but only five (with the exception ofNAGA-like) were discovered in the otherAndrenaspecies. Molecular evolution analyses revealed thatNAGA-like,galK, andgalTin oil-tea specialized species appeared under positive selection. RNASeq analyses showed thatNAGA-like,galK, andgalTwere significantly up-regulated in the specialized pollinatorAndrena camelliacompared to the non-specialized pollinatorAndrena chekiangensis. Our study demonstrated that the genesNAGA-like,galK, andgalThave played an important role in the evolutionary adaptation of the oil-tea specializedAndrenaspecies.