﻿AbstractScytinostromais species-rich genus inPeniophoraceae,Russulalesand has been shown to be polyphyletic. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses on the core clade ofScytinostromabased on concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nrLSU sequence data. Fifteen lineages including four new species from China,Scytinostromabeijingensis,S.boidinii,S.subduriusculum, andS.subrenisporum, were recognized. The genusMichenerawas nested within theScytinostromas.s. clade in the phylogenetic tree ofPeniophoraceae. Sequences ofS.portentosum(type species) andS.hemidichophyticumfrom Europe formed a strongly supported lineage sister to theS.portentosumsample from Canada. It is supposed that the European “S.portentosum” isS.hemidichophyticum, and the former species is restricted in distribution to North America.Scytinostromaduriusculumis supposed to be a species complex. Samples from Sri Lanka (the type locality) formed a lineage sister to those from China, Thailand and Vietnam (described herein asS.subduriusculum) and two samples from France that might represent an undescribed species. The four new species are described and illustrated, and an identification key to all the 14Scytinostromas.s. species worldwide is provided. Until now, seven species ofScytinostromas.s. have been found in China. Our results increased the knowledge of species diversity and taxonomy of corticioid fungi in China.