AbstractBackgroundChina is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world and has given birth to unique ecosystems, abundant species and rich genetic variety. More and more attention has been paid to biodiversity research in China. The Wanda Mountains, located in the east of Heilongjiang Province in northeast Chia, is a northern extension of the Changbai Mountains, one of the main mountains ranges in the region. In this study, we present the first checklist of spermatophyte and invasive alien plant species in the Wanda Mountains, which was compiled using published materials, specimen records and field surveys conducted from 2018 to 2020. This checklist, which has been published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), provides a comprehensive overview of the plant species richness of the Wanda Mountains.New informationThis data paper presents the first checklist of spermatophytes and invasive alien plants in the Wanda Mountains, comprising a total of 704 species and infraspecific taxa. Amongst these, there are 656 native plants belonging to 328 genera and 94 families and 48 invasive alien plants belonging to 39 genera and 20 families. The checklist includes 251 new records of native plants and 39 new records of invasive plants. This is the first widely shared data on an independent floristic unit in northeast China and can serve as a valuable resource for future biodiversity research in this region and, moreover, trigger more biodiversity data papers in this data-valued country.