Simple SummaryIn the field of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there have been significant advancements in genomic data and bioinformatics tools, which have improved early diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up using biomarkers. Biomarkers provide measurable indicators of disease characteristics and help tailor treatment strategies in precision medicine. The integration of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) further enhances personalized medicine through advanced biomarker analysis. However, challenges exist in terms of limited evidence on the impact of new biomarkers on mortality and treatment efficacy, as well as data analysis and the adoption of precision medicine in clinical practice. Despite these obstacles, the integration of biomarkers into precision medicine has shown promise in improving patient outcomes in NSCLC. Continued research and advancements in biomarker discovery, utilization, and evidence generation are needed to overcome these challenges and further enhance precision medicine’s effectiveness in NSCLC.AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant public health concern with high mortality rates. Recent advancements in genomic data, bioinformatics tools, and the utilization of biomarkers have improved the possibilities for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and follow-up in NSCLC. Biomarkers play a crucial role in precision medicine by providing measurable indicators of disease characteristics, enabling tailored treatment strategies. The integration of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) further enhances the potential for personalized medicine through advanced biomarker analysis. However, challenges remain in the impact of new biomarkers on mortality and treatment efficacy due to limited evidence. Data analysis, interpretation, and the adoption of precision medicine approaches in clinical practice pose additional challenges and emphasize the integration of biomarkers with advanced technologies such as genomic data analysis and artificial intelligence (AI), which enhance the potential of precision medicine in NSCLC. Despite these obstacles, the integration of biomarkers into precision medicine has shown promising results in NSCLC, improving patient outcomes and enabling targeted therapies. Continued research and advancements in biomarker discovery, utilization, and evidence generation are necessary to overcome these challenges and further enhance the efficacy of precision medicine. Addressing these obstacles will contribute to the continued improvement of patient outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer.