The B-box (BBX) protein, which is a zinc-finger protein containing one or two B-box domains, plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants. Plant B-box genes are generally involved in morphogenesis, the growth of floral organs, and various life activities in response to stress. In this study, the sugar beet B-box genes (hereafter referred to asBvBBXs) were identified by searching the homologous sequences of theArabidopsis thalianaB-box gene family. The gene structure, protein physicochemical properties, and phylogenetic analysis of these genes were systematically analyzed. In this study, 17 B-box gene family members were identified from the sugar beet genome. A B-box domain can be found in all sugar beet BBX proteins.BvBBXsencode 135 to 517 amino acids with a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.12 to 6.70. Chromosome localization studies revealed thatBvBBXswere dispersed across nine sugar beet chromosomes except chromosomes 5 and 7. The sugar beet BBX gene family was divided into five subfamilies using phylogenetic analysis. The gene architectures of subfamily members on the same evolutionary tree branch are quite similar. Light, hormonal, and stress-related cis-acting elements can be found in the promoter region ofBvBBXs. TheBvBBXgene family was differently expressed in sugar beet following Cercospora leaf spot infection, according to RT-qPCR data. It is shown that theBvBBXgene family may influence how the plant reacts to a pathogen infection.