Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy of bone marrow lymphoid precursors. Despite effective treatments, the causes of its progression or recurrence are still unknown. Finding prognostic biomarkers is needed for early diagnosis and more effective treatment. This study was performed to identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in ALL progression by constructing a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. These lncRNAs may serve as potential new biomarkers in the development of ALL. The GSE67684 dataset identified changes in lncRNAs and mRNAs involved in ALL progression. Data from this study were re-analyzed, and probes related to lncRNAs were retrieved. Targetscan, miRTarBase, and miRcode databases were used to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) related to the discovered genes and lncRNAs. The ceRNA network was constructed, and the candidate lncRNAs were selected. Finally, the results were validated with reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The ceRNA network outcomes demonstrated that the top lncRNAs associated with altered mRNAs in ALL are IRF1-AS1, MCM3AP-AS1, TRAF3IP2-AS1, HOTAIRM1, CRNDE, and TUG1. Investigations of the subnets linked to MCM3AP-AS1, TRAF3IP2-AS1, and IRF1-AS1 indicated that these lncRNAs were considerably related to pathways associated with inflammation, metastasis, and proliferation. Higher expression levels of IRF1-AS1, MCM3AP-AS1, TRAF3IP2-AS1, CRNDE, and TUG1 were found in ALL samples compared to controls. The expression of MCM3AP-AS1, TRAF3IP2-AS1, and IRF1-AS1 is significantly elevated during the progression of ALL, playing an oncogenic role. Due to their role in the main cancer pathways, lncRNAs could be suitable therapeutic and diagnostic targets in ALL.