Simple SummaryLung cancer causes more than 1.5 million deaths every year around the globe. Among all cancer types, lung cancer is one of the most common. More than 75% of the cases are identified only in the advanced stage due to poor prediction in the early stage. There are many traditional methods used for the diagnosis of lung cancer, however, they are not very accurate to predict lung cancer in the early stage and are highly expensive. Therefore, developing a more accurate, low-cost, and rapid method is crucial for early-stage detection of lung cancer. Biosensors are developed using advanced modern technologies and nanomaterials. They are robust, low-cost, more accurate, and less time-consuming for sample analysis. Moreover, it can be handled by untrained persons. In this review article, we discussed various analytical methods for the development of biosensors for the sensitive diagnosis of different kinds of lung cancer biomarkers. The major challenges and prospects for the application of biosensors in point-of-care testing have been discussed.AbstractLung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed of all cancers and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among men and women worldwide, causing 1.5 million deaths every year. Despite developments in cancer treatment technologies and new pharmaceutical products, high mortality and morbidity remain major challenges for researchers. More than 75% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed in advanced stages, leading to poor prognosis. Lung cancer is a multistep process associated with genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Rapid, accurate, precise, and reliable detection of lung cancer biomarkers in biological fluids is essential for risk assessment for a given individual and mortality reduction. Traditional diagnostic tools are not sensitive enough to detect and diagnose lung cancer in the early stages. Therefore, the development of novel bioanalytical methods for early-stage screening and diagnosis is extremely important. Recently, biosensors have gained tremendous attention as an alternative to conventional methods because of their robustness, high sensitivity, inexpensiveness, and easy handling and deployment in point-of-care testing. This review provides an overview of the conventional methods currently used for lung cancer screening, classification, diagnosis, and prognosis, providing updates on research and developments in biosensor technology for the detection of lung cancer biomarkers in biological samples. Finally, it comments on recent advances and potential future challenges in the field of biosensors in the context of lung cancer diagnosis and point-of-care applications.