The TNM staging system is often used to predict the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, we have found that patients under the same TNM staging may exhibit tremendous differences in survival rates. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prognosis of postoperative OSCC patients, establish a nomogram survival prediction model, and verify its effectiveness. Operative logs were reviewed for patients who underwent surgical treatment for OSCC at the Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. Patient demographic and surgical records were obtained, and they were followed up for overall survival (OS). A total of 432 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study, with a median follow-up time of 47 months. Based on the results of the Cox regression analysis, we constructed and verified the nomogram prediction model, which includes gender, BMI, OPMDs, pain score, SCC grade, and N stage. The C-index value of the 3-year and 5-year prediction models was 0.782 and 0.770, respectively, proving that the model has a certain level of prediction stability. The new nomogram prediction model has potential clinical significance for predicting the postoperative survival of OSCC patients.