Peri-implantitis is a common complication characterized by inflammation in tissues surrounding dental implants due to plaque accumulation, which can lead to implant failure. While air flow abrasive treatment has been found to be effective for debriding implant surfaces, little is known about the factors that affect its cleaning capacity. This study systematically examined the cleaning capacity of air powder abrasive (APA) treatment with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) powder, using various powder jetting strengths and different particle sizes. Three sizes of β-TCP powder (S, M, and L) were prepared, and different powder settings (low, medium, and high) were tested. The cleaning capacity was determined by quantifying ink removal, which simulated biofilm removal from the implant surfaces at different time points. The results of the systematic comparisons showed that the most efficient cleaning of implant surfaces was achieved using size M particles with medium setting. Additionally, the amount of powder consumed was found to be critical to cleaning efficiency, and the implant surfaces were altered in all tested groups. These systematically analyzed outcomes may provide insights into the development of potential non-surgical strategies for treating peri-implant diseases.