AbstractTRPA1 channels have been implicated in mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in chronic pain. But how TRPA1 mediates this process is unclear. Here we show that IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 is responsible using a combination of biochemical, molecular, Ca2+imaging and behavioural approaches. TRPA1 and IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 bind to each other and are highly colocalized in sensory dorsal root ganglia neurons in mice. The expression of IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 but not TRPA1 is increased in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. However, TRPA1 undergoes increased trafficking to the membrane of dorsal root ganglia neurons catalysed by the small GTPase Cdc42 associated with IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1, leading to functional sensitization of the channel. Activation of protein kinase A is also sufficient to evoke TRPA1 trafficking and sensitization. All these responses are, however, completely prevented in the absence of IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1. Concordantly, deletion of IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 markedly reduces mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain in mice. IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 thus promotes chronic pain by coupling the trafficking and signalling machineries to TRPA1 channels.