Background and ObjectivesThe head lousePediculus humanus capitisis a cosmopolitan ectoparasite that causes pediculosis. In the study of human lice, little research focuses on embryonic development. Currently, external markers of embryonic development represent a new approach in the evaluation of ovicidal drugs. The objective of this work was to update the morphology of embryonic development and propose novel external markers to differentiate between early, medium, or lateP. h. capitiseggs.MethodsUsing stereoscopic light microscopy, we describe the morphological characteristics ofP. h. capitiseggs with a special focus on embryonic development.ResultsThe morphological analysis of the eggs revealed the presence of an operculum with ten aeropyles, although no micropyles were observed. For the first time, the presence of defective eggs that were non-viable due to the apparent absence of yolk granules was documented. The early eggs presented yolk granules and developing germ bands, while the medium eggs presented an embryonic rudiment and the outlines of the eyes and limbs. In late eggs, the head with eyes and antennae, the thorax with three pairs of legs, and the abdomen with six pairs of spiracles were observed as formed structures. At the end of this stage, the embryos acquired the morphology of the nymph I stage.ConclusionWe propose novel biomarkers (e.g., the presence of spiracles and antennae, the proportion of the egg occupied by the embryo) to facilitate the differentiation between the developmental stages. The updated morphological characteristics ofP. h. capitiseggs facilitate the standardization of toxicological tests in the quest for ovicidal drugs.