﻿AbstractFive new wood-inhabiting fungi,Lyomycesalbopulverulentus,L.yunnanensis,Xylodondaweishanensis,X.fissuratus, andX.puerensisspp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence.Lyomycesalbopulverulentusis characterized by brittle basidiomata, pruinose hymenophore with a white hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and ellipsoid basidiospores.Lyomycesyunnanensisis characterized by a grandinioid hymenial surface, the presence of capitate cystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores.Xylodondaweishanensisis characterized by an odontioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and broad ellipsoid-to-subglobose basidiospores.Xylodonfissuratusis characterized by a cracking basidiomata with a grandinioid hymenial surface, and ellipsoid basidiospores.Xylodonpuerensisis characterized by a poroid hymenophore with an angular or slightly daedaleoid configuration, and ellipsoid-to-broad-ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences ofITSandnLSUrRNA markers of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogram based on theITS+nLSUrDNA gene regions (Fig.1) included six genera within the familiesChaetoporellaceae,Hyphodontiaceae,Hymenochaetaceae, andSchizoporaceae(Hymenochaetales)—Fasciodontia,Hastodontia,Hyphodontia,Kneifiella,Lyomyces, andXylodon—in which the five new species were grouped into generaLyomycesandXylodon. The phylogenetic tree inferred from theITSsequences highlighted thatLyomycesalbopulverulentusformed a monophyletic lineage and was then grouped closely withL.bambusinus,L.orientalis, andL.sambuci; additionally,L.yunnanensiswas sister toL.niveuswith strong supports. The topology, based on theITSsequences, revealed thatXylodondaweishanensiswas retrieved as a sister toX.hyphodontinus;X.fissuratuswas grouped with the four taxaX.montanus,X.subclavatus,X.wenshanensis, andX.xinpingensis; andX.puerensiswas clustered withX.flaviporus,X.ovisporus,X.subflaviporus,X.subtropicus, andX.taiwanianus.