BackgroundSurgery for thymic cancers is considered the key of curative treatment. Preoperative patients’ characteristics and intraoperative features might influence postoperative outcome. We aim to verify short-term outcomes and possible risk factors for complications after thymectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated patients undergoing surgery for thymoma or thymic carcinoma in the period between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2021, in our department. Preoperative features, surgical technique (open, bilateral VATS, RATS), intraoperative characteristics and incidence of postoperative complications (PC) were analyzed.ResultsWe included in the study 138 patients. Open surgery was performed in 76 patients (55.1%), in 36 VATS (26.1%) and in 26 RATS (36.1%). Resection of one or more adjacent organs due to neoplastic infiltration was required in 25 patients. PC appeared in 25 patients (52% Clavien–Dindo grade I, 12% grade IVa). Open surgery had a higher incidence of PC (p< 0.001), longer postoperative in-hospital stay (p= 0.045) and larger neoplasm (p= 0.006). PC were significant related to pulmonary resection (p= 0.006), phrenic nerve resection (p= 0.029), resection of more than one organ (p= 0.009) and open surgery (p= 0.001), but only extended surgery of more organs was confirmed as independent prognostic factor for PC (p= 0.0013). Patients with preoperative myasthenia symptoms have a trend toward stage IVa complications (p= 0.065). No differences were observed between outcomes of VATS and RATS.ConclusionsExtended resections are related to a higher incidence of PC, while VATS and RATS guarantee a lower incidence of PC and shorter postoperative stay even in patients that require extended resections. Symptomatic myasthenia patients might have a higher risk toward more severe complications.