GATA transcription factors are crucial proteins in regulating transcription and are characterized by a type-IV zinc finger DNA-binding domain. They play a significant role in the growth and development of plants. While theGATAfamily gene has been identified in several plant species, it has not yet been reported inPhoebe bournei. In this study, 22GATAfamily genes were identified from theP. bourneigenome, and their physicochemical properties, chromosomal distribution, subcellular localization, phylogenetic tree, conserved motif, gene structure, cis-regulatory elements in promoters, and expression in plant tissues were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that thePbGATAswere clearly divided into four subfamilies. They are unequally distributed across 11 out of 12 chromosomes, except chromosome 9. Promoter cis-elements are mostly involved in environmental stress and hormonal regulation. Further studies showed thatPbGATA11was localized to chloroplasts and expressed in five tissues, including the root bark, root xylem, stem bark, stem xylem, and leaf, which means thatPbGATA11may have a potential role in the regulation of chlorophyll synthesis. Finally, the expression profiles of four representative genes,PbGATA5,PbGATA12,PbGATA16, andPbGATA22, under drought, salinity, and temperature stress, were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed thatPbGATA5,PbGATA22,andPbGATA16were significantly expressed under drought stress.PbGATA12andPbGATA22were significantly expressed after 8 h of low-temperature stress at 10 °C. This study concludes that the growth and development of thePbGATAfamily gene inP. bourneiin coping with adversity stress are crucial. This study provides new ideas for studying the evolution of GATAs, provides useful information for future functional analysis ofPbGATAgenes, and helps better understand the abiotic stress response ofP. bournei.