AbstractBackground and AimsMany annual grasses exhibit drought-avoiding life cycles in which rapid reproduction must be completed before soil water is exhausted. This strategy would seem to require a hydraulic system capable of sustaining reproduction at all costs to the rest of the plant, yet little is known about the whole-plant structure of hydraulic vulnerability in grasses.MethodsWe examine vulnerability to water-stress-induced xylem cavitation in roots, flag leaves, and basal and apical regions of peduncles of wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Krichauff’) to understand the staged failure of xylem function in severe drought. The functionality of segmented vulnerabilities is tested by conducting rehydration experiments after acute dehydration.Key ResultsWe show that water supply to peduncles is more drought resistant than in leaves due to greater xylem cavitation resistance, ensuring a pathway of water can be maintained from the roots to the reproductive tissues even after severe water deficit. Differential rehydration of peduncles compared to leaves following drought confirmed the functionality of xylem supply from roots to seed after water stress sufficient to completely cavitate flag leaf vessels.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that a proportion of the hydraulic pathway between roots and seeds remains functional under extreme dehydration, suggesting that vulnerability traits in this key grass species reflect its reproductive strategy.