BackgroundA better understanding of vector distribution and malaria transmission dynamics at a local scale is essential for implementing and evaluating effectiveness of vector control strategies. Through the data gathered in the framework of a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRT) evaluating the In2Care (Wageningen, Netherlands) Eave Tubes strategy, the distribution of theAnophelesvector, their biting behaviour and malaria transmission dynamics were investigated in Gbêkê region, central Côte d’Ivoire.MethodsFrom May 2017 to April 2019, adult mosquitoes were collected monthly using human landing catches (HLC) in twenty villages in Gbêkê region. Mosquito species wereidentified morphologically. Monthly entomological inoculation rates (EIR) were estimated by combining the HLC data with mosquito sporozoite infection rates measured in a subset ofAnophelesvectors using PCR. Finally, biting rate and EIR fluctuations were fit to local rainfall data to investigate the seasonal determinants of mosquito abundance and malaria transmission in this region.ResultsOverall,Anopheles gambiae,Anopheles funestus, andAnopheles niliwere the three vector complexes found infected in the Gbêkê region, but there was a variation inAnophelesvector composition between villages.Anopheles gambiaewas the predominant malaria vector responsible for 84.8% ofPlasmodiumparasite transmission in the area. An unprotected individual living in Gbêkê region received an average of 260 [222–298], 43.5 [35.8–51.29] and 3.02 [1.96–4] infected bites per year fromAn. gambiae, An. funestusandAn. nili, respectively. Vector abundance and malaria transmission dynamics varied significantly between seasons and the highest biting rate and EIRs occurred in the months of heavy rainfall. However, mosquitoes infected with malaria parasites remained present in the dry season, despite the low density of mosquito populations.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the intensity of malaria transmission is extremely high in Gbêkê region, especially during the rainy season. The study highlights the risk factors of transmission that could negatively impact current interventions that target indoor control, as well as the urgent need for additional vector control tools to target the population of malaria vectors in Gbêkê region and reduce the burden of the disease.