The geospatial dataset presented here represents historical middle 19thcentury built environment features for the Chesapeake Bay Eastern Shore region of Maryland, USA, including present-day Cecil, Caroline, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester counties. Individual geospatial data layers include roads, landings, ferries, churches, shops, mills, schools, hotels, towns with post offices, and towns with court houses. These data were digitized using Simon J. Martenet's (1866)Map of Maryland: Atlas Editionand contemporary geospatial road network data from the Maryland Department of Transportation.