A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SMC 277T, was isolated from the clay soil in paddy field of Chonburi Province, Thailand, and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. Strain SMC 277Tformed straight chains of nonmotile cylindrical spores with smooth surface developed on aerial mycelia. The typical chemotaxonomic properties of members of the genusStreptomyceswere observed in strain SMC 277T, e.g., cell wall peptidoglycan, whole cell sugars, major menaquinones, cellular fatty acids, and polar lipids. Chemotaxonomic data combined with mycelium and spore morphologies supported the assignment of strain SMC 277Tto the genusStreptomyces. The results of comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain SMC 277Trepresented a member of the genusStreptomyces. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 277Tshared the highest sequence similarity withStreptomyces bambusaeNBRC 110903T(98.8%). Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 6.55 Mbp and a digital G+C content of 73.4 mol%. In addition to the differences in phenotypic characteristics (morphology and physiology), values of ANI (ANIb and ANIm), AAI and dDDH between strain SMC 277Tand its closest relativeS.bambusaeNBRC 110903Twere 81.84, 86.77, 76.91 and 26.1%, respectively. Genome annotation and secondary metabolite gene cluster analysis predicted that SMC 277Tcontained 35 biosynthetic gene clusters encoding diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. It is in agreement with observed antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant bacteria associated with nosocomial infections (methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, extended-spectrum β-lactamase producingKlebsiella pneumoniae, and multidrug-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii). On the basis of these genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain SMC 277Tcan be characterized to represent a novel species of the genusStreptomyces, for which the nameStreptomyces antimicrobicusis proposed. The type strain is SMC 277T(= TBRC 15568T= NBRC 115422T).