ThePentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) superfamily is a large gene family in plants that regulates organelle RNA metabolism, which is important for plant growth and development. However, a genome-wide analysis of thePPRgene family and its response to abiotic stress has not been reported for the relict woody plantLiriodendron chinense. In this paper, we identified 650PPRgenes from theL. chinensegenome. A phylogenetic analysis showed that theLcPPRgenes could roughly be divided into the P and PLS subfamilies. We found that 598LcPPRgenes were widely distributed across 19 chromosomes. An intraspecies synteny analysis indicated that duplicated genes from segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of theLcPPRgene family in theL. chinensegenome. In addition, we verified the relative expression ofLchi03277,Lchi06624,Lchi18566, andLchi23489in the roots, stems, and leaves and found that all four genes had the highest expression in the leaves. By simulating a drought treatment and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, we confirmed the drought-responsive transcriptional changes in fourLcPPRgenes, two of which responded to drought stress independent of endogenous ABA biosynthesis. Thus, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of theL. chinense PPRgene family. It contributes to research into their roles in this valuable tree species’ growth, development, and stress resistance.