HighlightsThis review systematically discusses the interfacial properties of cellulosic material preparation processes, top-down, bottom-up, and composite processes.The rational design strategies of cellulosic triboelectric materials are summarized in detail, and the effects of different design strategies on the surface charge characteristics and charge density of cellulosic triboelectric materials are discussed.A comprehensive review of the research progress of cellulosic triboelectric nanogenerators in the field of self-powered wearable electronics.