Key PointsQuestionWhat is the national distribution of food allergies among all US individuals across race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic groups?FindingsIn this survey study of 51 819 households, Asian, Black, and Hispanic individuals were more likely to report having food allergies compared with White individuals. The prevalence of food allergies was lowest among households in the highest income bracket.MeaningThis study suggests that racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic differences in the prevalence of food allergies exist and are evident in clinical outcomes such as food allergy–related emergency department visits and epinephrine autoinjector use.