BackgroundHip arthroplasty is a frequently performed procedure in orthopedic surgery, carried out in almost all health structures for two main issues: fracture and coxarthrosis. Even if volume–outcome relationship appeared associated in many surgeries recently, data provided are not sufficient to set surgical thresholds neither than closing down low-volumes centers.QuestionWith this study, we wanted to identify surgical, health care-related and territorial factors influencing patient’ mortality and readmission after a HA for a femoral fracture in 2018 in France.Patients and methodsData were anonymously collected from French nationwide administrative databases. All patients who underwent a hip arthroplasty for a femoral fracture through 2018 were included. Patient outcome was 90-day mortality and 90-day readmission rate after surgery.ResultsOf the 36,252 patients that underwent a HA for fracture in France in 2018, 0.7% died within 90-day year and 1.2% were readmitted. Male and Charlson comorbidity index were associated with a higher 90-day mortality and readmission rate in multivariate analysis. High volume was associated with a lower mortality rate. Neither time of travel nor distance upon health facility were associated with mortality nor with readmission rate in the analysis.ConclusionEven if volume appears to be associated with lower mortality rate even for longer distance and time of travel, the persistence of exogenous factors not documented in the French databases suggests that regionalization of hip arthroplasty should be organized with caution.Clinical relevanceAs volume–outcome relationship must be interpreted with caution, policy makers should not regionalize such surgery without further investigation.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-023-03893-4.