We introduce a new family of quantum distances based on symmetric Csiszár divergences, a class of distinguishability measures that encompass the main dissimilarity measures between probability distributions. We prove that these quantum distances can be obtained by optimizing over a set of quantum measurements followed by a purification process. Specifically, we address in the first place the case of distinguishing pure quantum states, solving an optimization of the symmetric Csiszár divergences over von Neumann measurements. In the second place, by making use of the concept of purification of quantum states, we arrive at a new set of distinguishability measures, which we callextended quantum Csiszár distances. In addition, as it has been demonstrated that a purification process can be physically implemented, the proposed distinguishability measures for quantum states could be endowed with an operational interpretation. Finally, by taking advantage of a well-known result for classical Csiszár divergences, we show how to build quantum Csiszár true distances. Thus, our main contribution is the development and analysis of a method for obtaining quantum distances satisfying the triangle inequality in the space of quantum states for Hilbert spaces of arbitrary dimension.