The Cercopithecini tribe includes terrestrial and arboreal clades whose relationships are controversial, with a high level of chromosome rearrangements. In order to provide new insights on the tribe’s phylogeny, chromosome painting, using the complete set of human syntenic probes, was performed inCercopithecus petaurista, a representative species of the Cercopithecini tribe. The results showC. petauristawith a highly rearranged karyotype characterized by the fission of human chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, and 12. These results compared with the literature data permit us to confirm the monophyly of the Cercopithecini tribe (fissions of chromosomes 5 and 6), as previously proposed by chromosomal and molecular data. Furthermore, we support the monophyly of the strictly arborealCercopithecusclade, previously proposed by the molecular approach, identifying chromosomal synapomorphies (fissions of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 11, 12). We also add additional markers that can be useful for deciphering arboreal Cercopithecini phylogeny. For example, the fission of chromosome 8 is synapomorphy linkingC. petaurista,C. erythrogaster, andC. nictitansamong the arboreal species. Finally, a telomeric sequence probe was mapped onC. petaurista, showing only classic telomeric signals and giving no support to a previous hypothesis regarding a link between interspersed telomeric sequences in high rearranged genomes.