Simple SummaryThe assessment of the new hematological neutrophil- and monocyte-related parameters may be important in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients for rapid diagnostics. The aim of the study was to assess the new hematological parameters in the bone marrow of MDS patients with and without cytogenetic changes. A total of 45 patients with MDS, including 17 patients with cytogenetic changes, were examined. The study was conducted using the Sysmex XN-Series hematological analyzer. New neutrophil and monocyte data relating to granularity, activity, volume and maturity (NE-WX/MO-WX, NE-WY/MO-WY, NE-WZ/MO-WZ, MO-X, MO-Y, MO-Z, and IG) were evaluated. We observed higher median proportions of NE-WX, NE-WY, NE-WZ, and IG count in MDS patients with cytogenetic changes than in patients without cytogenetic changes. The NE-FSC parameter was lower in MDS patients with cytogenetic changes than in patients without cytogenetic changes. New neutrophil-related parameters are shown to be useful in the rapid detection of patients with cytogenetic changes.AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are common malignant disorders with a poor prognosis. It is necessary to search for new rapid diagnostic methods to detect MDS patients with cytogenetic changes. The aim of the study was to assess new hematological neutrophil- and monocyte- related parameters I then bone marrow of MDS patient with and without cytogenetic changes. A total of 45 patients with MDS, including 17 patients with cytogenetic changes, were examined. The study was conducted using the Sysmex XN-Series hematological analyzer. New neutrophil and monocyte parameters, such as immature granulocytes (IG), neutrophil reactivity intensity (NEUT-RI), neutrophil granularity intensity (NEUT-GI), neutrophil size (NE-FSC) and neutrophil/monocyte data relating to granularity, activity and volume (NE-WX/MO-WX, NE-WY/MO-WY, NE-WZ/MO-WZ, MO-X, MO-Y, MO-Z) were evaluated. We observed higher median proportions of NE-WX, NE-WY, NE-WZ, and IG counts in MDS patients with cytogenetic changes than in patients without cytogenetic changes. The NE-FSC parameter was lower in MDS patients with cytogenetic changes than in patients without cytogenetic changes. The combination of new neutrophil parameters was found to be a new successful approach in distinguishing MDS patients with cytogenetic changes from patients without cytogenetic changes. It appears that there may be unique neutrophil parameter signatures associated with an underlying mutation.