Simple SummaryTo date, mosquito resistance to insecticides highly jeopardizes all the efforts made worldwide in vector control. In this context, an integrated plan of resistance surveillance is proposed to respond gradually and specifically to the various situations that may be encountered in the field. Initially developed for France (Metropolitan and the French Overseas territories), the plan can be easily adapted to other countries because it is rooted in the use of WHO standardized test methods and indicators for resistance monitoring and the rules for evaluating the Risk of Resistance (RIR) at a territory level can be used whatever the entomological and/or epidemiological situation. The integrated plan is expected to provide countries with technical guidance on how and when to implement surveillance of insecticide monitoring in mosquitoes of public health importance.AbstractMosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, or chikungunya have been re-emerging all over the world, including in Europe. Managing resistance to public health pesticides in mosquitoes is essential and requires global, integrated, and coordinated actions and strong engagement of decision-makers, scientists, and public health operators. In this context, the present work aims at proposing an integrated plan of resistance surveillance in France and in the French Overseas territories in order to provide graduated and appropriate responses according to the situation. Briefly, the plan relies on periodic monitoring of insecticide resistance at the population level in predefined sites using adequate biological, molecular, and/or biochemical approaches and a stratification of the level of resistance risk at the scale of territory to adjust surveillance and vector control actions. The plan relies on the latest methods and indicators used for resistance monitoring as recommended by the World Health Organization in order to prevent or slow down its extension in space and time. The plan has been developed for France but can be easily adapted to other countries in order to provide a coordinated response to the growing problem of mosquito resistance in Europe.