The aim of this study was to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inmir146aandmir196aand bladder cancer (BLCA) risk in Taiwan. The genotypes ofmir146ars2910164 andmir196ars11614913 were determined in 375 BLCA patients and 375 healthy controls using PCR-RFLP methodology, and their associations with BLCA risk were evaluated. The study also measured the serum expression level ofmir146ausing quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the distributions of CC, CG and GG genotypes ofmir146ars2910164 were 31.7%, 45.6% and 22.7% in the control group, and 21.9%, 44.3% and 33.8% in the case group, respectively. In logistic regression analyses, the heterozygous variant genotype CG carriers showed a marginally significant association with increased BLCA risk (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.99–2.01), while the homozygous variant genotype GG carriers had a 2.17-fold increased risk of BLCA (OR = 2.17, 95%CI = 1.46–3.21). Moreover, carriers of the GG/CG genotypes had significantly higher serum levels ofmir146athan those with the CC genotype (p< 0.0001), indicating a genotype–phenotype correlation. In contrast,mir196ars11614913 was not associated with BLCA risk. Therefore, the genotypes ofmir146ars2910164 may serve as a useful biomarker for predicting the risk of BLCA.