BackgroundMultimorbidity causes substantial disease and economic burdens on individuals and the health care system.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the disease burden of multimorbidity and the potential correlations among chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in a rural population in Henan, China.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was performed using the baseline survey of the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Multimorbidity was defined as the simultaneous occurrence of at least two NCDs in a participant. This study examined the multimorbidity pattern of 6 NCDs, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, and hyperuricemia.ResultsFrom July 2015 to September 2017, a total of 38,807 participants (aged 18-79 years; 15,354 men and 23,453 women) were included in this study. The overall population prevalence of multimorbidity was 28.1% (10,899/38,807), and the multimorbidity of hypertension and dyslipidemia was the most common (8.1%, 3153/38,807). Aging, higher BMI, and unfavorable lifestyles were significantly associated with a higher risk of multimorbidity (multinomial logistic regression, allP<.05). The analysis of the mean age at diagnosis suggested a cascade of interrelated NCDs and their accumulation over time. Compared with participants without 2 conditional NCDs, participants with 1 conditional NCD would have higher odds of another NCD (1.2-2.5; allP<.05), and those with 2 conditional NCDs would elevate the odds of the third NCD to 1.4-3.5 (binary logistic regression, allP<.05).ConclusionsOur findings indicate a plausible tendency for the coexistence and accumulation of NCDs in a rural population in Henan, China. Early prevention of multimorbidity is essential to reduce the NCD burden in the rural population.