Angelica dahurica(Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f.var.formosana(Boiss.) Shan et Yuan (A. dahurica) is a well-known medicinal plant that has a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and other industries. However, the issue of early bolting has emerged as a major hindrance to its production. This problem not only reduces the yield ofA. dahurica, but also has an impact on its active ingredients. To date, the molecular factors that contribute to early bolting and its impact on the growth ofA. dahuricahave not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we conducted a transcriptome study using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 on two developmental types: early-bolting and non-bolting (normal) roots ofA. dahurica. We obtained 2,185 up-regulated and 1,414 down-regulated genes in total. Many of the identified transcripts were related to genes involved in early bolting. The gene ontology analysis revealed several differentially expressed genes that are crucial in various pathways, primarily associated with cellular, molecular, and biological processes. Additionally, the morphological characteristics and coumarin content in the early bolting roots ofA. dahuricawere significantly altered. This study provides insight into the transcriptomic regulation of early bolting inA. dahurica,which can potentially be utilized to enhance its medicinal properties.