HIV-positive patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) often require treatment on intensive care units (ICUs). We aimed to present data from a German, low-incidence region cohort, and subsequently evaluate factors measured during the first 24 h of ICU stay to predict short- and long-term survival, and compare with data from high-incidence regions. We documented 62 patient courses between 2009 and 2019, treated on a non-operative ICU of a tertiary care hospital, mostly due to respiratory deterioration and co-infections. Of these, 54 patients required ventilatory support within the first 24 h with either nasal cannula/mask (n = 12), non-invasive ventilation (n = 16), or invasive ventilation (n = 26). Overall survival at day 30 was 77.4%. While ventilatory parameters (allp< 0.05), pH level (c/o 7.31,p= 0.001), and platelet count (c/o 164,000/µL,p= 0.002) were significant univariate predictors of 30-day and 60-day survival, different ICU scoring systems, such as SOFA score, APACHE II, and SAPS 2 predicted overall survival (allp< 0.001). Next to the presence or history of solid neoplasia (p= 0.026), platelet count (HR 6.7 for <164,000/µL,p= 0.020) and pH level (HR 5.8 for <7.31,p= 0.009) remained independently associated with 30-day and 60-day survival in multivariable Cox regression. However, ventilation parameters did not predict survival multivariably.