BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide public health concern. Mobile health management platforms could be a potential way to achieve effective glycemic control.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of the Lilly Connected Care Program (LCCP) platform in glycemic control among patients with T2DM in China.MethodsThis retrospective study included Chinese patients with T2DM (aged ≥18 years) from April 1, 2017, to January 31, 2020, for the LCCP group and from January 1, 2015, to January 31, 2020, for the non-LCCP group. Propensity score matching was used to match the LCCP and non-LCCP groups to reduce confounding, with covariates including age, sex, the duration of diabetes, baseline hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), and the number of oral antidiabetic medication classes. HbA1creduction over 4 months, the proportions of patients achieving an HbA1creduction of ≥0.5% or ≥1%, and the proportions of patients reaching to target HbA1clevel of ≤6.5% or <7% were compared between the LCCP and non-LCCP groups. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess factors associated with HbA1creduction.ResultsA total of 923 patients were included, among whom 303 pairs of patients were well matched after propensity score matching. HbA1creduction during the 4-month follow-up was significantly larger in the LCCP group than the non-LCCP group (mean 2.21%, SD 2.37% vs mean 1.65%, SD 2.29%;P=.003). The LCCP group had a higher proportion of patients with an HbA1creduction of ≥1% (209/303, 69% vs 174/303, 57.4%;P=.003) and ≥0.5% (229/303, 75.6% vs 206/303, 68%;P=.04). The proportions of patients reaching the target HbA1clevel of ≤6.5% were significantly different between the LCCP and non-LCCP groups (88/303, 29% vs 61/303, 20.1%;P=.01), whereas the difference in the proportions of patients reaching the target HbA1clevel of <7% was not statistically significant (LCCP vs non-LCCP: 128/303, 42.2% vs 109/303, 36%;P=.11). LCCP participation and higher baseline HbA1cwere associated with a larger HbA1creduction, whereas older age, longer diabetes duration, and higher baseline dose of premixed insulin analogue were associated with a smaller HbA1creduction.ConclusionsThe LCCP mobile platform was effective in glycemic control among patients with T2DM in China in the real world.