Simple SummaryIn this study, we describe a single-center experience based on a prospectively recorded and updated database that embraces the entire evolution of parathyroid surgery in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism. In detail, surgically treated patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism were divided into two groups, based on intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) application. We focused on evaluating the long-term outcome in terms of treatment, persistence, relapse and complications, the role and current indications of ioPTH, and the feasibility, reproducibility and safety of transoral parathyroidectomy. The analysis shows that the use of ioPTH with the rapid method could be ineffective in helping surgeons in primary operations, especially when ultrasound and scintiscan are concordant. The advantages obtained by not using intraoperative PTH are not only economic. Indeed, our data shows shorter operating and general anesthesia times and hospital stays, having an important impact on patient biological commitment.AbstractThe sporadic parathyroid pathology of surgical interest is primarily limited to lesions that are the cause of hormonal hyperfunction (primary hyperparathyroidism). In recent years, parathyroid surgery has evolved significantly, and numerous minimally invasive parathyroidectomy techniques have been developed. In this study, we describe a single-center and well-documented case series of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism, surgically treated by a single operator in the Endocrine Surgery Unit of the Surgical Clinic of the University of Florence-Careggi University Hospital, recorded and updated in a dedicated database that embraces the entire evolutionary timeframe of parathyroid surgery. From January 2000 to May 2020, 504 patients with a clinical and instrumental diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, based on the application of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH). The analysis shows that the use of ioPTH with the rapid method could be ineffective in helping surgeons in primary operations, especially when ultrasound and scintiscan are concordant. The advantages obtained by not using intraoperative PTH are not only economic. In fact, our data shows shorter operating and general anesthesia times and hospital stays, having an important impact on patient biological commitment. Furthermore, the significant reduction in operating time makes it possible to almost triple the volume of activity in the same unit of time available, with an undeniable advantage for the reduction of waiting lists. In recent years, minimally invasive approaches have allowed surgeons to reach the best compromise between invasiveness and aesthetic results.