ABSTRACTAcinetobacterinfections have high rates of mortality due to an increasing incidence of infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) strains. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies for the treatment ofAcinetobacterinfections are urgently needed.Acinetobacterspp. are Gram-negative coccobacilli that are obligate aerobes and can utilize a wide variety of carbon sources.Acinetobacter baumanniiis the main cause ofAcinetobacterinfections, and recent work has identified multiple strategiesA. baumanniiuses to acquire nutrients and replicate in the face of host nutrient restriction. Some host nutrient sources also serve antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. Hence, understandingAcinetobactermetabolism during infection may provide new insights into novel infection control measures. In this review, we focus on the role of metabolism during infection and in resistance to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents and discuss the possibility that metabolism may be exploited to identify novel targets to treatAcinetobacterinfections.