BackgroundGlioblastoma is one of the most common and aggressive adult brain tumors. The conventional treatment strategy, surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy, did not change the fact that the recurrence rate was high and the survival rate was low. Over the years, accumulating evidence has shown that the subventricular zone has an important role in the recurrence and treatment resistance of glioblastoma. The human adult subventricular zone contains neural stem cells and glioma stem cells that are probably a part of reason for therapy resistance and recurrence of glioblastoma.Main bodyOver the years, both bench and bedside evidences strongly support the view that the presence of neural stem cells and glioma stem cells in the subventricular zone may be the crucial factor of recurrence of glioblastoma after conventional therapy. It emphasizes the necessity to explore new therapy strategies with the aim to target subventricular zone to eradicate neural stem cells or glioma stem cells. In this review, we summarize the recent preclinical and clinical advances in targeting neural stem cells in the subventricular zone for glioblastoma treatment, and clarify the prospects and challenges in clinical application.ConclusionsAlthough there remain unresolved issues, current advances provide us with a lot of evidence that targeting the neural stem cells and glioma stem cells in subventricular zone may have the potential to solve the dilemma of glioblastoma recurrence and treatment resistance.