IntroductionNew approaches are being developed to early detect endometrial cancer using molecular biomarkers. These approaches offer high sensitivities and specificities, representing a promising horizon to develop early detection strategies.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of introducing molecular testing to detect endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding compared to the current strategy using the national healthcare service perspective.MethodsA Markov model was developed to assess the two early detection strategies. The model predicts the number of hysterectomies, lifetime expectancy, quality-adjusted life-years, endometrial cancer prevalence and incidence, mortality from endometrial cancer and the lifetime cost of screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Strategies were compared using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.ResultsThe molecular strategy reduces 1.9% of the overall number of hysterectomies and the number of undetected cancer cases by 65%. Assuming a molecular test cost of 310€, the molecular strategy has an incremental cost of -32,952€ per QALY gained, being more effective and less expensive than the current strategy.ConclusionsThe introduction of molecular testing to diagnose endometrial cancer in women presenting postmenopausal bleeding provides more health benefit at a lower cost, and therefore has the potential to be cost-effective.