Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is leading cause of Diabetic microvascular complications. India
stands second across the globe in prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Due to deficit rain fall,
the water table is exposed to more of salts and minerals from the rocks underground. One of the
minerals is the Fluoride. Fluoride in negligible amount is good for dental health, chronic
exposure to higher range of fluoride causes various metabolic disturbances. Aim: To study the
effect of chronic fluoride exposure on diabetes mellitus. A total of 288 study subjects were
recruited. The blood samples and urine samples were collected from all the study subjects.
Study groups; Group1: Healthy Controls, Group2: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Group3: Diabetic
Nephropathy. The serum (0.313± 0.154) and urine (0.3±0.6) fluoride values of
diabetic nephropathy group were significantly decreased in comparison between groups. The
primary objective of the fluoride with insulin (-0.06) levels are inversely correlating and
fluoride with microalbumin (0.083) levels are directly correlating. Results of the study gave a
clear picture of effect of fluoride on insulin action and renal damage. In conclusion, though
there is no significant effect of fluoride on FBS, PPBS and HbA1c, insulin is the determining
factor for glucose homeostasis which is decreased. Microalbumin is yet another marker for renal
clearance which is increased. Therefore, fluoride shall be considered as a parameter in
prognosis of metabolic disorder especially Diabetes mellitus in fluoride endemic areas.