BackgroundThe federal 340B drug program was designed to stretch scarce federal resources to provide more comprehensive services for more eligible patients. To help satisfy community needs, 340B Prescription Assistance Programs (PAPs) allow eligible patients to access medications at significantly reduced costs.ObjectivesTo measure the impact of reduced-cost medications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through a 340B PAP on all-cause hospitalizations and emergency department visits.MethodsThis multi-site, retrospective, single-sample, pre-post cohort study involved patients with COPD who used a 340B PAP to fill prescriptions for an inhaler or nebulizer between April 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019. Data from included subjects were evaluated and compared in the year before and after each individual patient's respective prescription fill in the 340B PAP. The primary outcome evaluated the impact of 340B PAP on all-cause hospitalizations and emergency department visits. Secondary outcomes evaluated the financial impact associated with program use. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was utilized to assess changes in the outcome measures.ResultsData for 115 patients were included in the study. Use of the 340B PAP resulted in a significant reduction in the composite mean number of all-cause hospitalizations and emergency department visits (2.42 vs 1.66, Z = −3.12,p= 0.002). There was an estimated $1012.82 mean cost avoidance per patient due to reduction in healthcare utilization. Annual program-wide prescription cost savings for patients totaled $178,050.21.ConclusionsThis study suggested that access to reduced-cost medications through the federal 340B Drug Pricing Program was associated with a significant reduction in hospitalizations and emergency department visits for patients with COPD, decreasing patients' utilization of healthcare resources.