BackgroundLivedoid vasculopathy (LV) manifests as ulcers and atrophic white scars on the lower extremities. The main known etiopathogenesis is hypercoagulability with thrombus formation, followed by inflammation. Thrombophilia, collagen and myeloproliferative diseases may induce LV, but the idiopathic (primary) form predominates.Bartonellaspp. may cause intra-endothelial infection and skin manifestations caused by these bacteria may be diverse, including leukocytoclastic vasculitis and ulcers.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the presence of bacteremia byBartonellaspp. in patients with difficult-to-control chronic ulcers diagnosed as primary LV.MethodsQuestionnaires and molecular tests (conventional PCR, nested PCR and real-time PCR) were applied and liquid and solid cultures were performed in the blood samples and blood clot of 16 LV patients and 32 healthy volunteers.ResultsBartonella henselaeDNA was detected in 25% of LV patients and in 12.5% of control subjects but failed to reach statistically significant differences (p= 0.413).Study limitationsDue to the rarity of primary LV, the number of patients studied was small and there was greater exposure of the control group to risk factors forBartonellaspp. infection.ConclusionAlthough there was no statistically significant difference between the groups, the DNA ofB. henselaewas detected in one of every four patients, which reinforces the need to investigateBartonellaspp. in patients with primary LV.