AbstractUnderstanding the behavior and ecology of local malaria vectors is essential for the effectiveness of the commonly used vector-targeted malaria control tools in areas of low malaria transmission. This study was conducted to determine species composition, biting behavior and infectivity of the majorAnophelesvectors ofPlasmodium falciparumin low transmission settings in central Senegal. Adult mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches during 2 consecutive nights and Pyrethrum Spray Catches in 30–40 randomly selected rooms, from July 2017 to December 2018 in 3 villages. Anopheline mosquitoes were morphologically identified using conventional keys; their reproductive status assessed by ovary dissections, and a sub-sample ofAnopheles gambiaes.l. were identified to species level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Plasmodiumsporozoite infections were detected using real-time quantitative PCR. During this study 3684Anopheleswere collected of which 97% wereAn. gambiaes.l., 0.6% wereAnopheles funestus, and 2.4% wereAnopheles pharoensis. Molecular identification of 1,877An. gambiaes.l. revealed a predominance ofAnopheles arabiensis(68.7%), followed byAnopheles melas(28.8%), andAnopheles coluzzii(2.1%). The overall human-biting rate ofAn. gambiaes.l. was highest in the inland site of Keur Martin with 4.92 bites per person per night, while it was similar in the deltaic site, Diofior (0.51) and the coastal site, Mbine Coly (0.67). Parity rates were similar inAn. arabiensis(45%) andAn. melas(42%). Sporozoite infections were detected in bothAn. arabiensisandAn. melaswith the respective infection rates of 1.39% (N= 8) and 0.41% (N= 1). Results suggest that low residual malaria in central Senegal is transmitted byAn. arabiensisandAn. melas. Consequently, both vectors will need to be targeted as part of malaria elimination efforts in this area of Senegal.