BackgroundThe role of anticoagulation or antiplatelet on post-vitrectomy vitreous hemorrhage (POVH) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is rarely investigated in the small-gauge vitrectomy era. We investigate the relationship between the long-term use of those medications and POVH in a group of PDR patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out in a group of PDR patients who underwent small-gauge vitrectomy in our center. The baseline data on diabetes, diabetic complications, long-term use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, ocular findings, and vitrectomy details were collected. The occurrence of POVH was recorded during at least three-month follow-up. Factors related to POVH were analyzed using logistic analysis.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 16 weeks, 5% (11/220) of patients had POVH, and 75 had received antiplatelet or anticoagulation agents before the operation. Factors related to persistent POVH were the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulation agents (5.98, 1.75–20.45, p = 0.004), the presence of myocardial revascularization (130.65, 3.53-4834.50, p = 0.008), the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with medicine (56.52, 1.99–1604.06, p = 0.018), and younger age (0.86, 0.77–0.96, p = 0.012). For those receiving preoperative antiplatelet or anticoagulation agents, the probability of developing POVH was higher in the patients whose previous therapy was adjusted compared to those with continued therapy (p = 0.02 by Log-rank test).ConclusionsWe identified long-term use of anticoagulation or antiplatelet medication, the presence of CAD, and younger age as three independent factors related to POVH. In PDR patients on long-term antiplatelet or anticoagulation medications, particular attention should be given to controlling intraoperative bleeding, and follow-up for POVH should be scheduled.