Mortality analysis studies in Cabo Verde are scarce and those available are limited to short periods of analysis and to specific population groups. National mortality data reports do not quantify the burden of disease associated with premature mortality. This study estimated the years of potential life lost (YPLL), years of potential productive life lost (YPPLL) and the costs associated with them in Cabo Verde from 2016 to 2020 and aimed to determine trends of early mortality due to all causes of death. Mortality data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Cabo Verde. Deaths that occurred from 2016 to 2020, in individuals aged between one (1) and 73 years old were analyzed by sex, age group, municipality and cause of death. YPLL, YPPLL and cost of productivity lost (CPL) were estimated using life expectancy and the human capital approach methods, respectively. There were 6100 deaths recorded in the sample population and males represented 68.1% (n = 4,154) of the reported deaths. The number of deaths verified corresponded to 145,544 YPLL, of which 69.0% (n = 100,389) were attributed to males. There were 4,634 deaths among individuals of working age, which resulted in 80 965 YPPLL, with males contributing 72.1% (n = 58,403) of the total YPPLL. The estimated CPL due to premature death was 98,659,153.23 USD. Injuries and external causes together accounted for 21,580,954.42 USD (21.9%) of CPL, while diseases of the circulatory system 18,843,260.42 USD (19.1%) and certain infectious and parasitic diseases accounted for 16,633,842.70 USD (16.9%). The study demonstrated the social and economic burden of premature mortality. The YPLL, YPPLL and CPL measures can be used to complement measures traditionally used to demonstrate the burden and loss of productivity due to premature mortality and to support resource allocation and public health decision making in Cabo Verde.