PurposeAn accurate postoperative assessment is pivotal to inform postoperative131I treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). We developed a predictive model for post-treatment whole-body scintigraphy (PT-WBS) results (as a proxy for persistent disease) by adopting a decision tree model.MethodsAge, sex, histology, T stage, N stage, risk classes, remnant estimation, TSH, and Tg were identified as potential predictors and were put into regression algorithm (conditional inference tree, ctree) to develop a risk stratification model for predicting the presence of metastases in PT-WBS.ResultsThe lymph node (N) stage identified a partition of the population into two subgroups (N-positive vs N-negative). Among N-positive patients, a Tg value  > 23.3 ng/mL conferred a 83% probability to have metastatic disease compared to those with lower Tg values. Additionally, N-negative patients were further substratified in three subgroups with different risk rates according to their Tg values. The model remained stable and reproducible in the iterative process of cross validation.ConclusionsWe developed a simple and robust decision tree model able to provide reliable informations on the probability of persistent/metastatic DTC after surgery. These information may guide post-surgery131I administration and select patients requiring curative rather than adjuvant131I therapy schedules.