IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. This study investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide on neurosteroidogenesis and its relationship to growth and differentiation using SH-SY5Y cells.MethodsIn this study, we used the MTT assay to assess the impact of LPS on SH-SY5Y cell viability. We also evaluated apoptotic effects using FITC Annexin V staining to detect phosphatidylserine in the cell membrane. To identify gene expression related to human neurogenesis, we utilized the RT2Profiler TM PCR array human neurogenesis PAHS-404Z.ResultsOur study found that LPS had an IC50 level of 0.25 μg/mL on the SH-SY5Y cell line after 48 h. We observed Aβ deposition in SH-SY5Y cells treated with LPS, and a decrease in DHT and DHP levels in the cells. Our analysis showed that the total rate of apoptosis varied with LPS dilution: 4.6% at 0.1 μg/mL, 10.5% at 10 μg/mL, and 44.1% at 50 μg/mL. We also observed an increase in the expression of several genes involved in human neurogenesis, including ASCL1, BCL2, BDNF, CDK5R1, CDK5RAP2, CREB1, DRD2, HES1, HEYL, NOTCH1, STAT3, and TGFB1, after treatment with LPS at 10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. LPS at 50 μg/mL increased the expression of FLNA and NEUROG2, as well as the other genes mentioned.ConclusionOur study showed that LPS treatment altered the expression of human neurogenesis genes and decreased DHT and DHP levels in SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that targeting LPS, DHT, and DHP could be potential therapeutic strategies to treat AD or improve its symptoms.