This study was designed to investigate the occurrence and dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) harboringKlebsiella pneumoniaein various ecological niches under the one health approach. A total of 793 samples were collected from animals, humans, and the environment. The findings of the study revealed the occurrence ofK. pneumoniaeas follows: animals (11.6%), humans (8.4%), and associated environments (7.0%), respectively. A high occurrence rate of ESBL genes was found in animals compared to human and environmental isolates. A total of 18 distinct sequence types (STs) and 12 clonal complexes ofK. pneumoniaewere observed. Overall, six STs ofK. pneumoniaewere identified in commercial chickens, and three were found in rural poultry. The majority ofK. pneumoniaeSTs found in this study were positive forblaSHV, while the positivity of other ESBL-encoding genes combinations was different in different STs. The high occurrence rate of ESBL-harboringK. pneumoniaefound in animals as compared to other sources is alarming and has the potential to be disseminated to the associated environment and community.