Characterizing the entomological profile of malaria transmission at fine spatiotemporal scales is essential for developing and implementing effective vector control strategies. Here, we present a fine-grained dataset ofAnophelesmosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in 55 villages of the rural districts of Korhogo (Northern Côte d’Ivoire) and Diébougou (South-West Burkina Faso) between 2016 and 2018. In the framework of a randomized controlled trial,Anophelesmosquitoes were periodically collected by Human Landing Catches experts inside and outside households, and analyzed individually to identify the genus and, for a subsample, species, insecticide resistance genetic mutations,Plasmodium falciparuminfection, and parity status. More than 3,000 collection sessions were carried out, achieving about 45,000 h of sampling efforts. Over 60,000Anopheleswere collected (mainlyA. gambiaes.s.,A. coluzzii, andA. funestus). The dataset is published as a Darwin Core archive in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, comprising four files: events, occurrences, mosquito characterizations, and environmental data.