BackgroundType 1 diabetesmellitus(T1D) is a condition resulting from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, leading patients to require lifelong insulin therapy, which, most often, does not avoid the most common complications of this disease. Transplantation of isolated pancreatic islets from heart-beating organ donors is a promising alternative treatment for T1D, however, this approach is severely limited by the shortage of pancreata maintained under adequate conditions.MethodsIn order to analyze whether and how this problem could be overcome, we undertook a retrospective study from January 2007 to January 2010, evaluating the profile of brain-dead human pancreas donors offered to our Cell and Molecular Therapy NUCEL Center (www.usp.br/nucel) and the basis for organ refusal.ResultsDuring this time period, 558 pancreata were offered by the São Paulo State Transplantation Central, 512 of which were refused and 46 were accepted for islet isolation and transplantation. Due to the elevated number of refused organs, we decided to analyze the main reasons for refusal in order to evaluate the possibility of improving the organ acceptance rate. The data indicate that hyperglycemia, technical issues, age, positive serology and hyperamylasemia are the top five main causes for declination of a pancreas offer.ConclusionsThis study underlines the main reasons to decline a pancreas offer in Sao Paulo—Brazil and provides some guidance to ameliorate the rate of eligible pancreas donors, aiming at improving the islet isolation and transplantation outcome.Trial registration: Protocol CAPPesq number 0742/02/CONEP 9230.