BackgroundThe primary vectors of the agent of Lyme disease in Canada areIxodes scapularisandIxodes pacificusticks. Surveillance for ticks and the pathogens they can transmit can inform local tick-borne disease risk and guide public health interventions. The objective of this article is to characterize passive and active surveillance of the main Lyme disease tick vectors in Canada in 2019 and the tick-borne pathogens they carry.MethodsPassive surveillance data were compiled from the National Microbiology Laboratory Branch and provincial public health data sources. Active surveillance was conducted in selected sentinel sites in all provinces. Descriptive analysis of ticks submitted and infection prevalence of tick-borne pathogens are presented. Seasonal and spatial trends are also described.ResultsIn passive surveillance, specimens ofI. scapularis(n=9,858) were submitted from all provinces except British Columbia andI. pacificus(n=691) were submitted in British Columbia and Alberta. No ticks were submitted from the territories. The seasonal distribution pattern was bimodal forI. scapularisadults, but unimodal forI. pacificusadults.Borrelia burgdorferiwas the most prevalent pathogen inI. scapularis(18.8%) andI. pacificus(0.3%). In active surveillance,B. burgdorferiwas identified in 26.2% ofI. scapularis;Anaplasma phagocytophilumin 3.4% ofI. scapularis, andBorrelia miyamotoiand Powassan virus in 0.5% or fewer ofI. scapularis. These same tick-borne pathogens were not found in the small number ofI. pacificustested.ConclusionThis surveillance article provides a snapshot of the main Lyme disease vectors in Canada and their associated pathogens, which can be used to monitor emerging risk areas for exposure to tick-borne pathogens.