The selection of food depends on various factors such as cultural, social, economic and biological. This paper determines the factors associated with dietary patterns in Colombia. It is an observational, descriptive exploratory study collecting secondary data from the National Survey of Nutritional Status of Colombia (ENSIN, 2015) of 16,216 people between 15 and 64 years of age. The variables were the following: area, age range, sex, educational level, high blood pressure arterial hypertension (HTA), diabetes (DM), cancer, wealth quartile and dietary pattern. For the data analysis, logistic regression models were generated for each pattern and OR was used as a measure of association. Of those studied, 74.6% live in urban areas, all were aged between 15 and 49 years and 45.4% were in the first wealth quartile (Q1). There was a greater probability of traditional and conservative dietary patterns in people with diabetes and hypertension. Consumption of the conservative pattern was associated with being a woman, while consumption of the traditional pattern was associated with people in the first and second wealth level. Consumption of grill/beverage was more likely in men. Socio-demographic factors and chronic non-communicable diseases are associated with dietary patterns. This makes it relevant for health professionals to take into account these characteristics for nutritional interventions.