BackgroundThe use of the apparent transverse relaxation rate (R2*) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been previously reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the R2*value in evaluating response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with NPC.MethodsForty-one patients with locoregionally advanced NPC confirmed by pathology were examined by blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after CCRT, and conventional MRI was performed 3 months after the completion of CCRT. All patients were divided into a responding group (RG) and a nonresponding group (NRG), according to MRI findings 3 months after the end of treatment. The R2*values before (R2*preT) and after (R2*postT) CCRT and the ΔR2*(ΔR2*=R2*postT– R2*preT) were calculated in the tumor.ResultsAmong the 41 patients, 26 were in the RG and 15 were in the NRG. There was no statistical difference in the R2*preTbetween RG and NRG (P= 0.307); however, there were significant differences in R2*postTand ΔR2*(P< 0.001). The area under the curve of R2*postTand ΔR2*for predicting the therapeutic response of NPC was 0.897 and 0.954, respectively, with cutoff values of 40.95 and 5.50 Hz, respectively.ConclusionThe R2*value can be used as a potential imaging indicator to evaluate the therapeutic response of locoregionally advanced NPC.