The traditional definition of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the leading cause of carbohydrate intolerance in hyperglycemia of varying severity, with onset or initial detection during pregnancy. Previous studies have reported a relationship among obesity, adiponectin (ADIPOQ), and diabetes in Saudi Arabia.ADIPOQis an adipokine that is produced and secreted by adipose tissue involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism. This study investigated the molecular association between rs1501299, rs17846866, and rs2241766 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inADIPOQand GDM in Saudi Arabia. Patients with GDM and control patients were selected, and serum and molecular analyses were performed. Statistical analyses were performed on clinical data, Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, genotype and allele frequencies, multiple logistic regression, ANOVA, haplotype, linkage disequilibrium, as well as MDR and GMDR analyses. The clinical data showed significant differences in various parameters between the GDM and non-GDM groups (p< 0.05). In GDM women with alleles, genotypes, and different genetic models, the rs1501299 and rs2241766 SNPs showed a strong association (p< 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a negative correlation (p> 0.05). This study concluded that rs1501299 and rs2241766 SNPs were strongly associated with GDM in women in Saudi Arabia.