Key PointsQuestionDoes a remote mind-body skills training program improve quality of life more than a health education program for adults with neurofibromatosis?FindingsIn this randomized clinical trial that included 228 adults with neurofibromatosis, both the mind-body and education programs significantly improved physical and psychological quality of life. However, only improvements in the group who received the mind-body program remained significant through 12 months of follow-up.MeaningThese findings suggest that a mind-body skills training program tailored to patients with neurofibromatosis can have long-term benefits on physical and psychological quality of life.