The observation satellite can exploit its own storage and computational resources to reduce the transmission delay. However, too excessive usage of these resources can have negative effects on the queuing delay at the relay satellite and/or on conducting other tasks at each observation satellite. In this paper, we proposed a new resource- and neighbor-aware observation transmission scheme (RNA-OTS). In RNA-OTS, each observation satellite decides whether to use its resources and the resources of the relay satellite at each time epoch by considering its resource utilization and transmission policies of neighbor observation satellites. For the optimal decision of each observation satellite in a distributed manner, the operation of observation satellites is modeled by means of a constrained stochastic game, and a best-response-dynamics-based algorithm is devised to find the Nash equilibrium. The evaluation results demonstrate that RNA-OTS can decrease the delay to deliver the observation to the destination by up to87%compared to a relay-satellite-based scheme while guaranteeing a sufficiently low average utilization of the resources of the observation satellite.