Key PointsQuestionWhat are the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and treatment results of Syrian patients with cancer living in the southern provinces of Turkey?FindingsIn this cross-sectional study of 1535 adults and children, breast cancer, leukemia/multiple myeloma, and lymphoma were the most common cancer types among adults, whereas, leukemias, lymphomas, and central nervous system neoplasms were common among children. The 5-year survival rate was 17.5% in adults and 29.7% in children.MeaningThe findings of this study suggest that late presentation, delayed diagnosis, and treatment abandonment are major issues among Syrian patients; cancer care among refugees needs shared responsibility and global coordination.