The continuous decline of traditional fossil energy has cast the shadow of an energy crisis on human society. Hydrogen generated from renewable energy sources is considered as a promising energy carrier, which can effectively promote the energy transformation of traditional high-carbon fossil energy to low-carbon clean energy. Hydrogen storage technology plays a key role in realizing the application of hydrogen energy and liquid organic hydrogen carrier technology, with many advantages such as storing hydrogen efficiently and reversibly. High-performance and low-cost catalysts are the key to the large-scale application of liquid organic hydrogen carrier technology. In the past few decades, the catalyst field of organic liquid hydrogen carriers has continued to develop and has achieved some breakthroughs. In this review, we summarized recent significant progress in this field and discussed the optimization strategies of catalyst performance, including the properties of support and active metals, metal–support interaction and the combination and proportion of multi-metals. Moreover, the catalytic mechanism and future development direction were also discussed.