In this paper, based on fieldwork and herbaria surveys, new data concerning the presence of 32 native and alien vascular species for Sicily (Italy) are provided. Among the native species, the occurrence of the followingtaxais reported for the first time or confirmed after many decades of non-observation:Aira multiculmis,Arum maculatum,Carex flaccasubsp.flacca,Mentha longifolia,Oxybasis chenopodioides,Najas minorandXiphion junceum. Furthermore, we document the presence of three native species (Cornus mas,Juncus foliosusandLimonium avei) that, despite being repeatedly observed in Sicily and reported in the literature, are inexplicably omitted by the most recent authoritative checklists regarding the flora of Italy. Finally, fifteen alien species new to Sicily (including one new to Europe, i.e.,Pyrus betulifolia) are reported and seven poorly documented allochthonous taxa are confirmed for the island, and for two of them, a status change is proposed. These new or confirmed records allow us to better define the European and national distribution of the targetedtaxaand offer new insights on the native and alien flora of Sicily.