Allergen-free diets are a specific and effective anti-inflammatory therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis. They should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team to reduce side effects and improve adherence. According to recent guidelines and expert opinions, empirical diets with a reduced number of eliminated food categories and a step-up approach are the most encouraged strategy to reduce the number of endoscopies to identify food trigger(s) and maximize clinical results and adherence. Despite the fact that allergy testing-based diets are not recommended at a population level, geographical sensitization patterns may play a role in some patients in specific areas, such as in Southern and Central Europe.