ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate the functionalities of the neural pathways through the auditory evoked potentials of the brainstem and the contralateral stapedial acoustic reflexes in normal-hearing individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, in order to detect possible alterations in the central auditory pathways.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with a comparison group and a convenience sample, consisting of 32 individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 20 controls without the disease. All subjects had hearing thresholds within normal limits and type A tympanometric curves. The acoustic reflex arc and brainstem auditory potentials were investigated. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 17.0. The Chi-square test, Student´s t-test, and Multiple linear regression were used.ResultsThe auditory thresholds of the acoustic reflex were statistically lower in the group with the disease at frequencies of 0.5 kHz and 1.0 kHz in the left ear (p=0.01 and p=0.01, respectively). The absolute latencies III and V of the auditory potentials of the brainstem in the right ear and V in the left ear were increased in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (p=0.03, p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively).ConclusionThe findings suggest that subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus are more likely to present alterations in the central auditory pathways, even with auditory thresholds within normal limits.