Objective(s):Our study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effect of arginine (ARG) andLactobacillus plantarumagainst potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) induced-acute hepatic and kidney injury.Materials and Methods:Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The control group received distilled water. The potassium dichromate group (PDC) received a single dose of PDC (20 mg/kg; SC). The arginine group (ARG) andLactobacillus plantarumgroup received either daily doses of ARG (100 mg/kg, PO) orL. plantarum(109CFU/ml, PO) for 14 days. The combination group (ARG+L. plantarum) received daily doses of ARG (100 mg/kg) withL. plantarum(109CFU/ml), orally for 14 days, before induction of acute liver and kidney injury. Forty eight hours after the last dose of PDC, serum biochemical indices, oxidative stress biomarkers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were evaluated.Results:Combining ARG withL. plantarumrestored the levels of serum hepatic & kidney enzymes, hepatic & renal oxidative stress biomarkers, and TLR 4/ NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, they succeeded in decreasing the expression of iNOS and ameliorate the hepatic and renal markers of apoptosis: Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl2.Conclusion:This study depicts that combining ARG withL. plantarumexerted a new bacteriotherapy against hepatic and renal injury caused by PDC.