Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. It is reported that NAFLD is associated with colorectal polyps. Since identifying NAFLD in its early stages could prevent possible disease progression to cirrhosis and decrease the risk of HCC by early intervention, patients with colorectal polyp may thus be considered a target group for screening NAFLD. This study aimed to investigate the potential of serum microRNAs (miRNAs) in identifying NAFLD for colorectal polyp patients. Serum samples were collected from 141 colorectal polyp patients, of which 38 had NAFLD. The serum level of eight miRNAs was determined by quantitative PCR and delta Ct values of different miRNA pairs which were compared between NAFLD and control groups. A miRNA panel was formulated from candidate miRNA pairs by multiple linear regression model and ROC analysis was performed to evaluate its diagnostic potential for NAFLD. Compared to the control group, the NAFLD group showed significantly lower delta Ct values of miR-18a/miR-16 (6.141 vs. 7.374,p= 0.009), miR-25-3p/miR-16 (2.311 vs. 2.978,p= 0.003), miR-18a/miR-21-5p (4.367 vs. 5.081,p= 0.021) and miR-18a/miR-92a-3p (8.807 vs. 9.582,p= 0.020). A serum miRNA panel composed of these four miRNA pairs significantly identified NAFLD in colorectal polyp patients with an AUC value of 0.6584 (p= 0.004). The performance of the miRNA panel was further improved to an AUC value of 0.8337 (p< 0.0001) when polyp patients with other concurrent metabolic disorders were removed from the analysis. The serum miRNA panel is a potential diagnostic biomarker for screening NAFLD in colorectal polyp patients. This serum miRNA test could be performed for colorectal polyp patients for early diagnosis and for prevention of the disease from progressing into more advanced stages.