Key PointsQuestionIs food insecurity associated with faster cognitive declines among community-dwelling older adults?FindingsIn this cohort study using data from 3037 community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older, food insecurity reported in late life was associated with a faster decline in executive function.MeaningThese findings suggest that older adults who report food insecurity may be at higher risk of accelerated decline in executive function; intervention studies are needed to determine whether food assistance programs addressing food insecurity can prevent and/or delay executive function decline among older adults.