Key PointsQuestionHow do treatment-free survival outcomes differ between various first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy regimens for patients with advanced melanoma?FindingsIn a muticenter cohort study of 316 patients with advanced melanoma treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, patients treated with nivolumab-ipilimumab experienced a mean treatment-free survival of 12.4 months compared with a mean of 8.9 months for single-agent nivolumab and 11.1 months for single-agent pembrolizumab.MeaningThis study suggests that patients with advanced melanoma treated with first-line nivolumab-ipilimumab experienced numerically longer treatment-free survival compared with single-agent nivolumab or pembrolizumab.