﻿AbstractLeucobryumscalarewas described in 1904 but its taxonomic status has been disputed, being reduced to a variety ofLeucobryumaduncumor synonymized withLeucobryumaduncum. The taxonomic confusion of this taxon has remained unresolved. Hence, we revisited the taxonomic status of the taxon using phylogenetic and morphometric approaches. A total of 27 samples fromLeucobryumaduncumvar.aduncumandLeucobryumaduncumvar.scalarewere used to generate data from four markers, including ITS1, ITS2,atpB-rbcLspacer, andtrnL-trnF. The concatenated dataset was used to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree. Both qualitative and quantitative morphological characters were measured and analyzed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and PERMANOVA. The results showed that the two taxa are closely related but they are reciprocally monophyletic. Both qualitative and quantitative characters could also separateLeucobryumaduncumvar.scalarefromLeucobryumaduncumvar.aduncumas shown withPCAand PERMANOVA. We propose the resurrection of the species rank forLeucobryumscalareas separate fromLeucobryumaduncum. This work highlights the need for a more thorough revision ofLeucobryumto clarify the actual level of diversity in this genus.