Objectives:This study aimed to prospectively investigate gender-specific relationship between hyperuricemia and all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults.Methods:The study was based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) 2008–2018, a prospective nationwide cohort of older adults in China. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were conducted to explore the dose-response relationship between SUA levels and all-cause mortality.Results:For older women, compared to the participants in the third quartile of SUA level, those in the highest quartile of SUA was associated with significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality in the fully adjusted model (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03–1.92). No significant associations between SUA levels and all-cause mortality were observed in older men. The present study further found a U-shaped non-linear relationship between SUA levels and all-cause mortality in both sexes of older population (P for non-linear <0.05).Conclusions:This study provided prospective epidemiological evidence for the predictive role of SUA on all-cause mortality among the Chinese aging population over 10 years of follow-up, while revealing considerable gender-related differences.