Layered oxides are considered prospective state-of-the-art cathode materials for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owning to their economic effectiveness, high energy density, and environmentally friendly nature. Nonetheless, layered oxides experience thermal runaway, capacity decay, and voltage decay during fast charging. This article summarizes various modifications recently implemented in the fast charging of LIB cathode materials, including component improvement, morphology control, ion doping, surface coating, and composite structure. The development direction of layered-oxide cathodes is summarized based on research progress. Further, possible strategies and future development directions of layered-oxide cathodes to improve fast-charging performance are proposed.