A single strain from the familyPaenibacillaceaewas isolated from the wall behind the Waste Hygiene Compartment aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in April 2018, as part of the Microbial Tracking mission series. This strain was identified as a gram-positive, rod-shaped, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative motile bacterium in the genusCohnella, designated as F6_2S_P_1T. The 16S sequence of the F6_2S_P_1Tstrain places it in a clade withC. rhizosphaeraeandC. ginsengisoli, which were originally isolated from plant tissue or rhizosphere environments. The closest 16S and gyrB matches to strain F6_2S_P_1Tare toC. rhizosphaeraewith 98.84 and 93.99% sequence similarity, while a core single-copy gene phylogeny from all publicly availableCohnellagenomes places it as more closely related toC. ginsengisoli. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values to any describedCohnellaspecies are <89 and <22%, respectively. The major fatty acids for strain F6_2S_P_1Tare anteiso-C15:0(51.7%), iso-C16:0(23.1%), and iso-C15:0(10.5%), and it is able to metabolize a wide range of carbon compounds. Given the results of the ANI and dDDH analyses, this ISS strain is a novel species within the genusCohnellafor which we propose the nameCohnella hashimotonis, with the type strain F6_2S_P_1T(=NRRL B-65657Tand DSMZ 115098T). Because no closely relatedCohnellagenomes were available, this study generated the whole-genome sequences (WGSs) of the type strains forC. rhizosphaeraeandC. ginsengisoli. Phylogenetic and pangenomic analysis reveals that F6_2S_P_1T,C. rhizosphaerae, andC. ginsengisoli, along with two uncharacterizedCohnellastrains, possess a shared set of 332 gene clusters which are not shared with any other WGS ofCohnellaspecies, and form a distinct clade branching off fromC. nanjingensis. Functional traits were predicted for the genomes of strain F6_2S_P_1Tand other members of this clade.