Liriodendron chinenseis a tree species of theMagnoliaceaefamily, an ancient relict plant mainly used for landscaping and timber production due to its excellent material properties and ornamental value. The cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) enzyme regulates cytokinin levels and plays an important role in plant growth, development, and resistance. However, too-high or too-low temperatures or soil drought can limit the growth ofL. chinense, representing a key issue for research. Here, we identified theCKXgene family in theL. chinensegenome and examined its transcriptional responses to cold, drought, and heat stresses. A total of fiveLcCKXgenes, distributed on four chromosomes and divided into three phylogenetic groups, were identified across the wholeL. chinensegenome. Further analysis showed that multiple hormone- and stress-responsive cis-acting elements are located in the promoter regions ofLcCKXs, indicating a potential role of theseLcCKXs in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stresses. Based on existing transcriptome data,LcCKXs, especiallyLcCKX5, were found to transcriptionally respond to cold, heat, and drought stresses. Furthermore, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) showed thatLcCKX5responds to drought stress in an ABA-dependent manner in stems and leaves and in an ABA-independent manner in roots. These results lay a foundation for functional research onLcCKXgenes in the resistance breeding of the rare and endangered tree species ofL. chinense.