In this article, electro-osmotic thrusters (EOTs), which are full of non-Newtonian power-law fluids with a flow behavior indexnof the effective viscosity, are theoretically investigated in a microchannel. Different values of the flow behavior index represent two kinds of non-Newtonian power-law fluids, pseudoplastic fluids (n< 1) and dilatant fluids (n> 1), which have not yet been considered to be used as propellants in micro-thrusters. Analytical solutions of the electric potential and flow velocity are obtained using the Debye–Hückel linearization assumption and the approximate scheme of hyperbolic sine function. Then, thruster performances of power-law fluids, including specific impulse, thrust, thruster efficiency, and thrust-to-power ratio, are explored in detail. Results show that these performance curves strongly depend on the flow behavior index and electrokinetic width. It is noted that the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid is most suitable as a propeller solvent in micro electro-osmotic thrusters owing to its improving or optimizing deficiencies in the performances of the existing Newtonian fluid thrusters.