AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniaeis an important multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen that can cause a range of infections in hospitalized patients. With the growing use of antibiotics, MDRK. pneumoniaeis more prevalent, posing additional difficulties and obstacles in clinical therapy. To provide a valuable reference to deeply understandK. pneumoniae, and also to provide the theoretical basis for clinical prevention of such bacteria infections, the antibiotic resistance and mechanism ofK. pneumoniaeare discussed in this article. We conducted a literature review on antibiotic resistance ofK. pneumoniae.We ran a thorough literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, among other databases. We also thoroughly searched the literature listed in the papers. We searched all antibiotic resistance mechanisms and genes of seven important antibiotics used to treatK. pneumoniaeinfections. Antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and quinolones are used in the treatment ofK. pneumoniaeinfection. With both chromosomal and plasmid-encoded ARGs, this pathogen has diverse resistance genes. Carbapenem resistance genes, enlarged-spectrum β-lactamase genes, and AmpC genes are the most often β-lactamase resistance genes.K. pneumoniaeis a major contributor to antibiotic resistance worldwide. UnderstandingK. pneumoniaeantibiotic resistance mechanisms and molecular characteristics will be important for the design of targeted prevention and novel control strategies against this pathogen.