MADS-boxgenes constitute a large family of transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth and development. However, our understanding ofMADS-boxgenes involved in anther development and male sterility inSalvia miltiorrhizais still limited. In this study, 63MADS-boxgenes were identified from the genome of the male sterility ecotype SichuanS. miltiorrhiza(S. miltiorrhiza_SC) unevenly distributed among eight chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into two types and 17 subfamilies. They contained 1 to 12 exons and 10 conserved motifs. Evolution analysis showed that segmental duplication was the main force for the expansion of theSmMADSgene family, and duplication gene pairs were under purifying selection. Cis-acting elements analysis demonstrated that the promoter ofSmMADSgenes contain numerous elements associated with plant growth and development, plant hormones, and stress response. RNA-seq showed that the expression levels of B-class and C-classSmMADSgenes were highly expressed during anther development, withSmMADS11likely playing an important role in regulating anther development and male fertility inS. miltiorrhiza_SC. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of theMADS-boxgene family inS. miltiorrhiza, shedding light on their potential role in anther development and male sterility.