Centaurea
lycaonicais a local endemic species from theCentaureaL. genus. TheCentaureaspecies has a wide range of usage in treating
diseases in folk medicine. There are limited biological activity studies
on this species in the literature. This study investigated enzyme
inhibition and antimicrobial activity, antioxidant effect, and chemical
content of extract and fractions ofC. lycaonica. Enzyme inhibition activity was tested by α-amylase, α-glucosidase,
and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition methods and antimicrobial activity
by the microdilution method. The antioxidant activity was investigated
using DPPH•, ABTS•+, and FRAP
tests. The chemical content was determined by LC-MS/MS. The methanol
extract showed the highest activity for α-glucosidase and α-amylase,
even surpassing the positive control acarbose, with IC50values of 56.333 ± 0.986 and 172.800 ± 0.816 μg/mL,
respectively. Additionally, the ethyl acetate fraction also exhibited
high activity for α-amylase with an IC50value of
204.067 ± 1.739 μg/mL and tyrosinase with an IC50value of 213.900 ± 1.553 μg/mL. Moreover, this extract
and fraction were found to have the highest total phenolic and flavonoid
contents and antioxidant activity. Additionally, LC-MS/MS analyses
of active extract and fraction revealed mainly the presence of phenolic
compounds and flavonoids.In silicomolecular docking
and molecular dynamics simulation studies of determining compounds
apigenin and myristoleic acid, common in CLM and CLE extracts and
active against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, were performed.
In conclusion, methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction showed
potential enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity as a natural
agent. Molecular modeling studies corroborate the findings ofin vitroactivity analyses.