 Initial thoughts were to do a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, however, with the patient's severe COPD and risk for ventilator management, the options were an epidural and an open cholecystectomy under local was made and to be performed.
Initial thoughts were to do a laparoscopic cholecystectomy , however , with the patient 's severe COPD and risk for ventilator management , the options were an epidural and an open cholecystectomy under local was made and to be performed .