 I explained to the parents that the possible risks include:  irritation of the nasal mucosa, which can be associated with some bleeding; risk of contamination of the lower airways by passage of the scope in the nasopharynx; respiratory depression from sedation; and a very small risk of pneumothorax. 
I explained to the parents that the possible risks include : irritation of the nasal mucosa , which can be associated with some bleeding ; risk of contamination of the lower airways by passage of the scope in the nasopharynx ; respiratory depression from sedation ; and a very small risk of pneumothorax .