<s>[INST] context: Branham sign Nicoladoni sign* or Branham sign* Pressure on the aery proximal to an A-V fistula causes the swelling to diminish in size, a thrill or bruit to cease, the pulse rate to fall and the pulse pressure return to normal. Aeriovenous fistula (AVF) AVF may be congenital or acquired (by trauma of a penetrating wound, or surgically created for renal dialysis) Structural effect on veins Veins are aerialised*, they become dilated touous and thick walled. Physiological effects of fistula ? Increased pulse pressure (Increased systolic & decreased diastolic) Enhanced venous return result in Increased HR* and Increased CO*. Left ventricular enlargement and later cardiac failure may occur A congenital .fistula in the young may cause overgrowth of limb*. In the leg, indolent ulcers may result* from relative ischemia below the sho circuit. Clinical signs A pulsatile swelling* A thrill on palpation* Continuous bruit on auscultation* Nicoladoni sign* or Branham sign* Pressure on the aery proximal to fistula causes the swelling to diminish in size, a thrill or bruit to cease, the pulse rate to. fall and the pulse pressure return to normal. [/INST] question: Nicoldoni sign is also known as: | options: A: Murray sign B: Frei sign C: Darner sign D: Branham sign | answer: D </s>