<SYSTEM_TASK:>
Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time
<END_TASK>
<USER_TASK:>
Description:

def vm_state(name='', cwd=None):
    '''
    Return list of information for all the vms indicating their state.

    If you pass a VM name in as an argument then it will return info
    for just the named VM, otherwise it will return all VMs defined by
    the Vagrantfile in the `cwd` directory.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' vagrant.vm_state <name>  cwd=/projects/project_1

    returns a list of dictionaries with machine name, state, provider,
    and salt_id name.

    .. code-block:: python

        datum = {'machine': _, # Vagrant machine name,
                 'state': _, # string indicating machine state, like 'running'
                 'provider': _, # the Vagrant VM provider
                 'name': _} # salt_id name

    Known bug: if there are multiple machines in your Vagrantfile, and you request
    the status of the ``primary`` machine, which you defined by leaving the ``machine``
    parameter blank, then you may receive the status of all of them.
    Please specify the actual machine name for each VM if there are more than one.

    '''

    if name:
        vm_ = get_vm_info(name)
        machine = vm_['machine']
        cwd = vm_['cwd'] or cwd  # usually ignore passed-in cwd
    else:
        if not cwd:
            raise SaltInvocationError(
                'Path to Vagranfile must be defined, but cwd={}'.format(cwd))
        machine = ''

    info = []
    cmd = 'vagrant status {}'.format(machine)
    reply = __salt__['cmd.shell'](cmd, cwd)
    log.info('--->\n%s', reply)
    for line in reply.split('\n'):  # build a list of the text reply
        tokens = line.strip().split()
        if len(tokens) > 1 and tokens[-1].endswith(')'):
            try:
                datum = {'machine': tokens[0],
                         'state': ' '.join(tokens[1:-1]),
                         'provider': tokens[-1].lstrip('(').rstrip(')'),
                         'name': get_machine_id(tokens[0], cwd)
                         }
                info.append(datum)
            except IndexError:
                pass
    return info