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Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time
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Description:
 def _encode_dbref(name, value, check_keys, opts):
 """Encode bson.dbref.DBRef."""

    buf = bytearray(b"\x03" + name + b"\x00\x00\x00\x00")
    begin = len(buf) - 4

    buf += _name_value_to_bson(b"$ref\x00",
                               value.collection, check_keys, opts)
    buf += _name_value_to_bson(b"$id\x00",
                               value.id, check_keys, opts)
    if value.database is not None:
        buf += _name_value_to_bson(
            b"$db\x00", value.database, check_keys, opts)
    for key, val in iteritems(value._DBRef__kwargs):
        buf += _element_to_bson(key, val, check_keys, opts)

    buf += b"\x00"
    buf[begin:begin + 4] = _PACK_INT(len(buf) - begin)
    return bytes(buf)