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Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time
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Description:
 def plot_energy( data, kind="kde", bfmi=True, figsize=None, legend=True, fill_alpha=(1, 0.75), fill_color=("C0", "C5"), bw=4.5, textsize=None, fill_kwargs=None, plot_kwargs=None, ax=None, ):
 """Plot energy transition distribution and marginal energy distribution in HMC algorithms. This may help to diagnose poor exploration by gradient-based algorithms like HMC or NUTS. Parameters data : xarray dataset, or object that can be converted (must represent `sample_stats` and have an `energy` variable) kind : str Type of plot to display (kde or histogram) bfmi : bool If True add to the plot the value of the estimated Bayesian fraction of missing information figsize : tuple Figure size. If None it will be defined automatically. legend : bool Flag for plotting legend (defaults to True) fill_alpha : tuple of floats Alpha blending value for the shaded area under the curve, between 0 (no shade) and 1 (opaque). Defaults to (1, .75) fill_color : tuple of valid matplotlib color Color for Marginal energy distribution and Energy transition distribution. Defaults to ('C0', 'C5') bw : float Bandwidth scaling factor for the KDE. Should be larger than 0. The higher this number the smoother the KDE will be. Defaults to 4.5 which is essentially the same as the Scott's rule of thumb (the default rule used by SciPy). Only works if `kind='kde'` textsize: float Text size scaling factor for labels, titles and lines. If None it will be autoscaled based on figsize. fill_kwargs : dicts, optional Additional keywords passed to `arviz.plot_kde` (to control the shade) plot_kwargs : dicts, optional Additional keywords passed to `arviz.plot_kde` or `plt.hist` (if type='hist') ax : axes Matplotlib axes. Returns ------- ax : matplotlib axes Examples -------- Plot a default energy plot .. plot:: :context: close-figs Represent energy plot via histograms .. plot:: :context: close-figs """

    energy = convert_to_dataset(data, group="sample_stats").energy.values

    if ax is None:
        _, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=figsize, constrained_layout=True)

    if fill_kwargs is None:
        fill_kwargs = {}

    if plot_kwargs is None:
        plot_kwargs = {}

    figsize, _, _, xt_labelsize, linewidth, _ = _scale_fig_size(figsize, textsize, 1, 1)

    series = zip(
        fill_alpha,
        fill_color,
        ("Marginal Energy", "Energy transition"),
        (energy - energy.mean(), np.diff(energy)),
    )

    if kind == "kde":
        for alpha, color, label, value in series:
            fill_kwargs["alpha"] = alpha
            fill_kwargs["color"] = color
            plot_kwargs.setdefault("color", color)
            plot_kwargs.setdefault("alpha", 0)
            plot_kwargs.setdefault("linewidth", linewidth)
            plot_kde(
                value,
                bw=bw,
                label=label,
                textsize=xt_labelsize,
                plot_kwargs=plot_kwargs,
                fill_kwargs=fill_kwargs,
                ax=ax,
            )

    elif kind == "hist":
        for alpha, color, label, value in series:
            ax.hist(
                value.flatten(),
                bins="auto",
                density=True,
                alpha=alpha,
                label=label,
                color=color,
                **plot_kwargs
            )

    else:
        raise ValueError("Plot type {} not recognized.".format(kind))

    if bfmi:
        for idx, val in enumerate(e_bfmi(energy)):
            ax.plot([], label="chain {:>2} BFMI = {:.2f}".format(idx, val), alpha=0)

    ax.set_xticks([])
    ax.set_yticks([])

    if legend:
        ax.legend()

    return ax