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Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time
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Description:

def present(name,
            vname=None,
            vdata=None,
            vtype='REG_SZ',
            use_32bit_registry=False,
            win_owner=None,
            win_perms=None,
            win_deny_perms=None,
            win_inheritance=True,
            win_perms_reset=False):
    r'''
    Ensure a registry key or value is present.

    Args:

        name (str):
            A string value representing the full path of the key to include the
            HIVE, Key, and all Subkeys. For example:

            ``HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Salt``

            Valid hive values include:

                - HKEY_CURRENT_USER or HKCU
                - HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKLM
                - HKEY_USERS or HKU

        vname (str):
            The name of the value you'd like to create beneath the Key. If this
            parameter is not passed it will assume you want to set the
            ``(Default)`` value

        vdata (str, int, list, bytes):
            The value you'd like to set. If a value name (``vname``) is passed,
            this will be the data for that value name. If not, this will be the
            ``(Default)`` value for the key.

            The type of data this parameter expects is determined by the value
            type specified in ``vtype``. The correspondence is as follows:

                - REG_BINARY: Binary data (str in Py2, bytes in Py3)
                - REG_DWORD: int
                - REG_EXPAND_SZ: str
                - REG_MULTI_SZ: list of str
                - REG_QWORD: int
                - REG_SZ: str

                .. note::
                    When setting REG_BINARY, string data will be converted to
                    binary automatically. To pass binary data, use the built-in
                    yaml tag ``!!binary`` to denote the actual binary
                    characters. For example, the following lines will both set
                    the same data in the registry:

                    - ``vdata: Salty Test``
                    - ``vdata: !!binary U2FsdHkgVGVzdA==\n``

                    For more information about the ``!!binary`` tag see
                    `here <http://yaml.org/type/binary.html>`_

            .. note::
                The type for the ``(Default)`` value is always REG_SZ and cannot
                be changed. This parameter is optional. If not passed, the Key
                will be created with no associated item/value pairs.

        vtype (str):
            The value type for the data you wish to store in the registry. Valid
            values are:

                - REG_BINARY
                - REG_DWORD
                - REG_EXPAND_SZ
                - REG_MULTI_SZ
                - REG_QWORD
                - REG_SZ (Default)

        use_32bit_registry (bool):
            Use the 32bit portion of the registry. Applies only to 64bit
            windows. 32bit Windows will ignore this parameter. Default is False.

        win_owner (str):
            The owner of the registry key. If this is not passed, the account
            under which Salt is running will be used.

            .. note::
                Owner is set for the key that contains the value/data pair. You
                cannot set ownership on value/data pairs themselves.

            .. versionadded:: 2019.2.0

        win_perms (dict):
            A dictionary containing permissions to grant and their propagation.
            If not passed the 'Grant` permissions will not be modified.

            .. note::
                Permissions are set for the key that contains the value/data
                pair. You cannot set permissions on value/data pairs themselves.

            For each user specify the account name, with a sub dict for the
            permissions to grant and the 'Applies to' setting. For example:
            ``{'Administrators': {'perms': 'full_control', 'applies_to':
            'this_key_subkeys'}}``. ``perms`` must be specified.

            Registry permissions are specified using the ``perms`` key. You can
            specify a single basic permission or a list of advanced perms. The
            following are valid perms:

                Basic (passed as a string):
                    - full_control
                    - read
                    - write

                Advanced (passed as a list):
                    - delete
                    - query_value
                    - set_value
                    - create_subkey
                    - enum_subkeys
                    - notify
                    - create_link
                    - read_control
                    - write_dac
                    - write_owner

            The 'Applies to' setting is optional. It is specified using the
            ``applies_to`` key. If not specified ``this_key_subkeys`` is used.
            Valid options are:

                Applies to settings:
                    - this_key_only
                    - this_key_subkeys
                    - subkeys_only

            .. versionadded:: 2019.2.0

        win_deny_perms (dict):
            A dictionary containing permissions to deny and their propagation.
            If not passed the `Deny` permissions will not be modified.

            .. note::
                Permissions are set for the key that contains the value/data
                pair. You cannot set permissions on value/data pairs themselves.

            Valid options are the same as those specified in ``win_perms``

            .. note::
                'Deny' permissions always take precedence over 'grant'
                 permissions.

            .. versionadded:: 2019.2.0

        win_inheritance (bool):
            ``True`` to inherit permissions from the parent key. ``False`` to
            disable inheritance. Default is ``True``.

            .. note::
                Inheritance is set for the key that contains the value/data
                pair. You cannot set inheritance on value/data pairs themselves.

            .. versionadded:: 2019.2.0

        win_perms_reset (bool):
            If ``True`` the existing DACL will be cleared and replaced with the
            settings defined in this function. If ``False``, new entries will be
            appended to the existing DACL. Default is ``False``

            .. note::
                Perms are reset for the key that contains the value/data pair.
                You cannot set permissions on value/data pairs themselves.

            .. versionadded:: 2019.2.0

    Returns:
        dict: A dictionary showing the results of the registry operation.

    Example:

    The following example will set the ``(Default)`` value for the
    ``SOFTWARE\\Salt`` key in the ``HKEY_CURRENT_USER`` hive to
    ``2016.3.1``:

    .. code-block:: yaml

        HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\SOFTWARE\\Salt:
          reg.present:
            - vdata: 2016.3.1

    Example:

    The following example will set the value for the ``version`` entry under
    the ``SOFTWARE\\Salt`` key in the ``HKEY_CURRENT_USER`` hive to
    ``2016.3.1``. The value will be reflected in ``Wow6432Node``:

    .. code-block:: yaml

        HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\SOFTWARE\\Salt:
          reg.present:
            - vname: version
            - vdata: 2016.3.1

    In the above example the path is interpreted as follows:

        - ``HKEY_CURRENT_USER`` is the hive
        - ``SOFTWARE\\Salt`` is the key
        - ``vname`` is the value name ('version') that will be created under the key
        - ``vdata`` is the data that will be assigned to 'version'

    Example:

    Binary data can be set in two ways. The following two examples will set
    a binary value of ``Salty Test``

    .. code-block:: yaml

        no_conversion:
          reg.present:
            - name: HKLM\SOFTWARE\SaltTesting
            - vname: test_reg_binary_state
            - vdata: Salty Test
            - vtype: REG_BINARY

        conversion:
          reg.present:
            - name: HKLM\SOFTWARE\SaltTesting
            - vname: test_reg_binary_state_with_tag
            - vdata: !!binary U2FsdHkgVGVzdA==\n
            - vtype: REG_BINARY

    Example:

    To set a ``REG_MULTI_SZ`` value:

    .. code-block:: yaml

        reg_multi_sz:
          reg.present:
            - name: HKLM\SOFTWARE\Salt
            - vname: reg_multi_sz
            - vdata:
              - list item 1
              - list item 2

    Example:

    To ensure a key is present and has permissions:

    .. code-block:: yaml

        set_key_permissions:
          reg.present:
            - name: HKLM\SOFTWARE\Salt
            - vname: version
            - vdata: 2016.3.1
            - win_owner: Administrators
            - win_perms:
                jsnuffy:
                  perms: full_control
                sjones:
                  perms:
                    - read_control
                    - enum_subkeys
                    - query_value
                  applies_to:
                    - this_key_only
            - win_deny_perms:
                bsimpson:
                  perms: full_control
                  applies_to: this_key_subkeys
            - win_inheritance: True
            - win_perms_reset: True
    '''
    ret = {'name': name,
           'result': True,
           'changes': {},
           'comment': ''}

    hive, key = _parse_key(name)

    # Determine what to do
    reg_current = __utils__['reg.read_value'](hive=hive,
                                              key=key,
                                              vname=vname,
                                              use_32bit_registry=use_32bit_registry)

    # Check if the key already exists
    # If so, check perms
    # We check `vdata` and `success` because `vdata` can be None
    if vdata == reg_current['vdata'] and reg_current['success']:
        ret['comment'] = '{0} in {1} is already present' \
                         ''.format(salt.utils.stringutils.to_unicode(vname, 'utf-8') if vname else '(Default)',
                                   salt.utils.stringutils.to_unicode(name, 'utf-8'))
        return __utils__['dacl.check_perms'](
            obj_name='\\'.join([hive, key]),
            obj_type='registry32' if use_32bit_registry else 'registry',
            ret=ret,
            owner=win_owner,
            grant_perms=win_perms,
            deny_perms=win_deny_perms,
            inheritance=win_inheritance,
            reset=win_perms_reset)

    # Cast the vdata according to the vtype
    vdata_decoded = __utils__['reg.cast_vdata'](vdata=vdata, vtype=vtype)

    add_change = {'Key': r'{0}\{1}'.format(hive, key),
                  'Entry': '{0}'.format(salt.utils.stringutils.to_unicode(vname, 'utf-8') if vname else '(Default)'),
                  'Value': vdata_decoded,
                  'Owner': win_owner,
                  'Perms': {'Grant': win_perms,
                            'Deny': win_deny_perms},
                  'Inheritance': win_inheritance}

    # Check for test option
    if __opts__['test']:
        ret['result'] = None
        ret['changes'] = {'reg': {'Will add': add_change}}
        return ret

    # Configure the value
    ret['result'] = __utils__['reg.set_value'](hive=hive,
                                               key=key,
                                               vname=vname,
                                               vdata=vdata,
                                               vtype=vtype,
                                               use_32bit_registry=use_32bit_registry)

    if not ret['result']:
        ret['changes'] = {}
        ret['comment'] = r'Failed to add {0} to {1}\{2}'.format(name, hive, key)
    else:
        ret['changes'] = {'reg': {'Added': add_change}}
        ret['comment'] = r'Added {0} to {1}\{2}'.format(name, hive, key)

    if ret['result']:
        ret = __utils__['dacl.check_perms'](
            obj_name='\\'.join([hive, key]),
            obj_type='registry32' if use_32bit_registry else 'registry',
            ret=ret,
            owner=win_owner,
            grant_perms=win_perms,
            deny_perms=win_deny_perms,
            inheritance=win_inheritance,
            reset=win_perms_reset)

    return ret