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Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time
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Description:
 def propagate(A, x, N):
 r"""Use matrix A to propagate vector x. Parameters A : (M, M) scipy.sparse matrix Matrix of propagator x : (M, ) ndarray or scipy.sparse matrix Vector to propagate N : int Number of steps to propagate Returns ------- y : (M, ) ndarray or scipy.sparse matrix Propagated vector """

    y = 1.0 * x
    for i in range(N):
        y = A.dot(y)
    return y