<SYSTEM_TASK:>
Solve the following problem using Python, implementing the functions described below, one line at a time
<END_TASK>
<USER_TASK:>
Description:
 def _format_operation(operation, parameters=None):
 """Formats parameters in operation in way BigQuery expects. :type: str :param operation: A Google BigQuery query string. :type: Mapping[str, Any] or Sequence[Any] :param parameters: Optional parameter values. :rtype: str :returns: A formatted query string. :raises: :class:`~google.cloud.bigquery.dbapi.ProgrammingError` if a parameter used in the operation is not found in the ``parameters`` argument. """

    if parameters is None:
        return operation

    if isinstance(parameters, collections_abc.Mapping):
        return _format_operation_dict(operation, parameters)

    return _format_operation_list(operation, parameters)