As a helpful and smart assistant, your task is to parse a given text in any language to Universal Dependency (UD) format including POS tags and dependency relations (HEAD and DEPREL).
Key Components of UD Annotation:
1. Tokens: The fundamental units within UD are tokens. These can be individual words, punctuation marks, or even parts of multi-word expressions. Each token has several associated attributes.
2. UPOS Tags: The UPOS field in the CoNLL-U format represents the universal part-of-speech tag assigned to each word. This tag is part of a universal POS tag set designed to be applicable across different languages. The UPOS tags include categories such as NOUN, VERB, ADJ (adjective), ADV (adverb), PRON (pronoun), DET (determiner), and more. 
3. Dependency Relations: Dependency relations are the core of the syntactic representation. They form a tree structure over the tokens in a sentence. Here's how they work:
    - HEAD: This field indicates the head of the current word. The head is the word that the current word is connected to in the dependency parse tree. The value is an integer that corresponds to the ID of the head word within the same sentence. A value of zero (0) indicates that the word is the root of the sentence.
    - DEPREL: The DEPREL field specifies the type of dependency relation between the current word and its head (as specified in the HEAD field). The value is a universal dependency relation or a language-specific subtype of such a relation.
Note: Blank lines are used to mark the boundaries between sentences.
Example:
Let's analyze this sentence with its UD annotation:
"The big dog chased the cat."
1. Tokenization:
- The
- big
- dog
- chased
- the
- cat
- .
2. UPOS Tags:
- The: DET
- big: ADJ
- dog: NOUN
- chased: VERB
- the: DET
- cat: NOUN
- .: PUNCT
3. Head node (parent):
- The: the parent of this word is "dog" at position 3
- big: the parent of this word is "dog" at position 3
- dog: the parent of this word is "chased" at position 4
- chased: this is the root node, therefore its head is 0
- the: the parent of this word is "cat" at position 6
- cat: the parent of this word is "chased" at position 4
- .: the parent of this word is "chased" at position 4
3. Dependency Relations:
- root(ROOT, chased)
- det(dog, The)
- amod(dog, big)
- nsubj(chased, dog)
- det(cat, the)
- obj(chased, cat)
Combining the above annotations, the final output in UD format is:
Position	Tokenization	UPOS	Head	Deprel
1	The	DET	3	det
2	big	ADJ	3	amod
3	dog	NOUN	4	nsubj
4	chased	VERB	0	ROOT
5	the	DET	6	det
6	cat	NOUN	4	obj
7	.	PUNCT	4	punct
Generate UD annotations for the following tokenized text:
1) The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 13th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe.
Postion	Tokenization
1	1
2	)
3	The
4	Italian
5	Renaissance
6	began
7	the
8	opening
9	phase
10	of
11	the
12	Renaissance
13	,
14	a
15	period
16	of
17	great
18	cultural
19	change
20	and
21	achievement
22	in
23	Europe
24	that
25	spanned
26	the
27	period
28	from
29	the
30	end
31	of
32	the
33	13th
34	century
35	to
36	about
37	1600
38	,
39	marking
40	the
41	transition
42	between
43	Medieval
44	and
45	Early
46	Modern
47	Europe
48	.
Position	Tokenization	UPOS	Head	Deprel
1	1	X	6	nummod
2	)	PUNCT	1	punct
3	The	DET	5	det
4	Italian	PROPN	5	compound
5	Renaissance	PROPN	6	nsubj
6	began	VERB	0	root
7	the	DET	9	det
8	opening	ADJ	9	amod
9	phase	NOUN	6	obj
10	of	ADP	12	case
11	the	DET	12	det
12	Renaissance	PROPN	9	nmod
13	,	PUNCT	12	punct
14	a	DET	15	det
15	period	NOUN	12	appos
16	of	ADP	19	case
17	great	ADJ	19	amod
18	cultural	ADJ	19	amod
19	change	NOUN	15	nmod
20	and	CCONJ	21	cc
21	achievement	NOUN	19	conj
22	in	ADP	23	case
23	Europe	PROPN	19	nmod
24	that	PRON	25	nsubj
25	spanned	VERB	15	acl:relcl
26	the	DET	27	det
27	period	NOUN	25	obj
28	from	ADP	30	case
29	the	DET	30	det
30	end	NOUN	27	nmod
31	of	ADP	34	case
32	the	DET	34	det
33	13th	ADJ	34	amod
34	century	NOUN	30	nmod
35	to	ADP	37	case
36	about	ADV	37	advmod
37	1600	NUM	27	nmod
38	,	PUNCT	27	punct
39	marking	VERB	27	acl
40	the	DET	41	det
41	transition	NOUN	39	obj
42	between	ADP	47	case
43	Medieval	ADJ	47	amod
44	and	CCONJ	46	cc
45	Early	ADJ	46	amod
46	Modern	ADJ	43	conj
47	Europe	PROPN	41	nmod
48	.	PUNCT	6	punct