use parking_lot::Mutex;
use std::{
    ptr,
    sync::{atomic, Arc},
    thread, time,
};

use super::conv;
use crate::auxil::map_naga_stage;

type DeviceResult<T> = Result<T, crate::DeviceError>;

struct CompiledShader {
    library: mtl::Library,
    function: mtl::Function,
    wg_size: mtl::MTLSize,
    wg_memory_sizes: Vec<u32>,
    sized_bindings: Vec<naga::ResourceBinding>,
    immutable_buffer_mask: usize,
}

fn create_stencil_desc(
    face: &wgt::StencilFaceState,
    read_mask: u32,
    write_mask: u32,
) -> mtl::StencilDescriptor {
    let desc = mtl::StencilDescriptor::new();
    desc.set_stencil_compare_function(conv::map_compare_function(face.compare));
    desc.set_read_mask(read_mask);
    desc.set_write_mask(write_mask);
    desc.set_stencil_failure_operation(conv::map_stencil_op(face.fail_op));
    desc.set_depth_failure_operation(conv::map_stencil_op(face.depth_fail_op));
    desc.set_depth_stencil_pass_operation(conv::map_stencil_op(face.pass_op));
    desc
}

fn create_depth_stencil_desc(state: &wgt::DepthStencilState) -> mtl::DepthStencilDescriptor {
    let desc = mtl::DepthStencilDescriptor::new();
    desc.set_depth_compare_function(conv::map_compare_function(state.depth_compare));
    desc.set_depth_write_enabled(state.depth_write_enabled);
    let s = &state.stencil;
    if s.is_enabled() {
        let front_desc = create_stencil_desc(&s.front, s.read_mask, s.write_mask);
        desc.set_front_face_stencil(Some(&front_desc));
        let back_desc = create_stencil_desc(&s.back, s.read_mask, s.write_mask);
        desc.set_back_face_stencil(Some(&back_desc));
    }
    desc
}

impl super::Device {
    fn load_shader(
        &self,
        stage: &crate::ProgrammableStage<super::Api>,
        layout: &super::PipelineLayout,
        primitive_class: mtl::MTLPrimitiveTopologyClass,
        naga_stage: naga::ShaderStage,
    ) -> Result<CompiledShader, crate::PipelineError> {
        let stage_bit = map_naga_stage(naga_stage);
        let pipeline_options = naga::back::msl::PipelineOptions {
            allow_point_size: match primitive_class {
                mtl::MTLPrimitiveTopologyClass::Point => true,
                _ => false,
            },
        };

        let module = &stage.module.naga.module;
        let (source, info) = naga::back::msl::write_string(
            module,
            &stage.module.naga.info,
            &layout.naga_options,
            &pipeline_options,
        )
        .map_err(|e| crate::PipelineError::Linkage(stage_bit, format!("MSL: {:?}", e)))?;

        let options = mtl::CompileOptions::new();
        options.set_language_version(self.shared.private_caps.msl_version);

        if self.shared.private_caps.supports_preserve_invariance {
            options.set_preserve_invariance(true);
        }

        let library = self
            .shared
            .device
            .lock()
            .new_library_with_source(source.as_ref(), &options)
            .map_err(|err| {
                log::warn!("Naga generated shader:\n{}", source);
                crate::PipelineError::Linkage(stage_bit, format!("Metal: {}", err))
            })?;

        let ep_index = module
            .entry_points
            .iter()
            .position(|ep| ep.stage == naga_stage && ep.name == stage.entry_point)
            .ok_or(crate::PipelineError::EntryPoint(naga_stage))?;
        let ep = &module.entry_points[ep_index];
        let name = info.entry_point_names[ep_index]
            .as_ref()
            .map_err(|e| crate::PipelineError::Linkage(stage_bit, format!("{}", e)))?;
        let wg_size = mtl::MTLSize {
            width: ep.workgroup_size[0] as _,
            height: ep.workgroup_size[1] as _,
            depth: ep.workgroup_size[2] as _,
        };

        let function = library.get_function(name, None).map_err(|e| {
            log::error!("get_function: {:?}", e);
            crate::PipelineError::EntryPoint(naga_stage)
        })?;

        // collect sizes indices, immutable buffers, and work group memory sizes
        let ep_info = &stage.module.naga.info.get_entry_point(ep_index);
        let mut wg_memory_sizes = Vec::new();
        let mut sized_bindings = Vec::new();
        let mut immutable_buffer_mask = 0;
        for (var_handle, var) in module.global_variables.iter() {
            if var.class == naga::StorageClass::WorkGroup {
                let size = module.types[var.ty].inner.span(&module.constants);
                wg_memory_sizes.push(size);
            }

            if let naga::TypeInner::Struct { ref members, .. } = module.types[var.ty].inner {
                let br = match var.binding {
                    Some(ref br) => br.clone(),
                    None => continue,
                };

                if !ep_info[var_handle].is_empty() {
                    let storage_access_store = match var.class {
                        naga::StorageClass::Storage { access } => {
                            access.contains(naga::StorageAccess::STORE)
                        }
                        _ => false,
                    };
                    // check for an immutable buffer
                    if !storage_access_store {
                        let psm = &layout.naga_options.per_stage_map[naga_stage];
                        let slot = psm.resources[&br].buffer.unwrap();
                        immutable_buffer_mask |= 1 << slot;
                    }
                }

                // check for the unsized buffer
                if let Some(member) = members.last() {
                    if let naga::TypeInner::Array {
                        size: naga::ArraySize::Dynamic,
                        ..
                    } = module.types[member.ty].inner
                    {
                        // Note: unwraps are fine, since the MSL is already generated
                        sized_bindings.push(br);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(CompiledShader {
            library,
            function,
            wg_size,
            wg_memory_sizes,
            sized_bindings,
            immutable_buffer_mask,
        })
    }

    fn set_buffers_mutability(
        buffers: &mtl::PipelineBufferDescriptorArrayRef,
        mut immutable_mask: usize,
    ) {
        while immutable_mask != 0 {
            let slot = immutable_mask.trailing_zeros();
            immutable_mask ^= 1 << slot;
            buffers
                .object_at(slot as u64)
                .unwrap()
                .set_mutability(mtl::MTLMutability::Immutable);
        }
    }

    pub unsafe fn texture_from_raw(
        raw: mtl::Texture,
        raw_format: mtl::MTLPixelFormat,
        raw_type: mtl::MTLTextureType,
        array_layers: u32,
        mip_levels: u32,
        copy_size: crate::CopyExtent,
    ) -> super::Texture {
        super::Texture {
            raw,
            raw_format,
            raw_type,
            array_layers,
            mip_levels,
            copy_size,
        }
    }

    pub fn raw_device(&self) -> &Mutex<mtl::Device> {
        &self.shared.device
    }
}

impl crate::Device<super::Api> for super::Device {
    unsafe fn exit(self, _queue: super::Queue) {}

    unsafe fn create_buffer(&self, desc: &crate::BufferDescriptor) -> DeviceResult<super::Buffer> {
        let map_read = desc.usage.contains(crate::BufferUses::MAP_READ);
        let map_write = desc.usage.contains(crate::BufferUses::MAP_WRITE);

        let mut options = mtl::MTLResourceOptions::empty();
        options |= if map_read || map_write {
            // `crate::MemoryFlags::PREFER_COHERENT` is ignored here
            mtl::MTLResourceOptions::StorageModeShared
        } else {
            mtl::MTLResourceOptions::StorageModePrivate
        };
        options.set(
            mtl::MTLResourceOptions::CPUCacheModeWriteCombined,
            map_write,
        );

        //TODO: HazardTrackingModeUntracked

        let raw = self.shared.device.lock().new_buffer(desc.size, options);
        if let Some(label) = desc.label {
            raw.set_label(label);
        }
        Ok(super::Buffer {
            raw,
            size: desc.size,
        })
    }
    unsafe fn destroy_buffer(&self, _buffer: super::Buffer) {}

    unsafe fn map_buffer(
        &self,
        buffer: &super::Buffer,
        range: crate::MemoryRange,
    ) -> DeviceResult<crate::BufferMapping> {
        let ptr = buffer.raw.contents() as *mut u8;
        assert!(!ptr.is_null());
        Ok(crate::BufferMapping {
            ptr: ptr::NonNull::new(ptr.offset(range.start as isize)).unwrap(),
            is_coherent: true,
        })
    }

    unsafe fn unmap_buffer(&self, _buffer: &super::Buffer) -> DeviceResult<()> {
        Ok(())
    }
    unsafe fn flush_mapped_ranges<I>(&self, _buffer: &super::Buffer, _ranges: I) {}
    unsafe fn invalidate_mapped_ranges<I>(&self, _buffer: &super::Buffer, _ranges: I) {}

    unsafe fn create_texture(
        &self,
        desc: &crate::TextureDescriptor,
    ) -> DeviceResult<super::Texture> {
        let mtl_format = self.shared.private_caps.map_format(desc.format);

        let descriptor = mtl::TextureDescriptor::new();
        let mut array_layers = desc.size.depth_or_array_layers;
        let mut copy_size = crate::CopyExtent {
            width: desc.size.width,
            height: desc.size.height,
            depth: 1,
        };
        let mtl_type = match desc.dimension {
            wgt::TextureDimension::D1 => {
                if desc.size.depth_or_array_layers > 1 {
                    descriptor.set_array_length(desc.size.depth_or_array_layers as u64);
                    mtl::MTLTextureType::D1Array
                } else {
                    mtl::MTLTextureType::D1
                }
            }
            wgt::TextureDimension::D2 => {
                if desc.sample_count > 1 {
                    descriptor.set_sample_count(desc.sample_count as u64);
                    mtl::MTLTextureType::D2Multisample
                } else if desc.size.depth_or_array_layers > 1 {
                    descriptor.set_array_length(desc.size.depth_or_array_layers as u64);
                    mtl::MTLTextureType::D2Array
                } else {
                    mtl::MTLTextureType::D2
                }
            }
            wgt::TextureDimension::D3 => {
                descriptor.set_depth(desc.size.depth_or_array_layers as u64);
                array_layers = 1;
                copy_size.depth = desc.size.depth_or_array_layers;
                mtl::MTLTextureType::D3
            }
        };

        descriptor.set_texture_type(mtl_type);
        descriptor.set_width(desc.size.width as u64);
        descriptor.set_height(desc.size.height as u64);
        descriptor.set_mipmap_level_count(desc.mip_level_count as u64);
        descriptor.set_pixel_format(mtl_format);
        descriptor.set_usage(conv::map_texture_usage(desc.usage));
        descriptor.set_storage_mode(mtl::MTLStorageMode::Private);

        let raw = self.shared.device.lock().new_texture(&descriptor);
        if let Some(label) = desc.label {
            raw.set_label(label);
        }

        Ok(super::Texture {
            raw,
            raw_format: mtl_format,
            raw_type: mtl_type,
            mip_levels: desc.mip_level_count,
            array_layers,
            copy_size,
        })
    }

    unsafe fn destroy_texture(&self, _texture: super::Texture) {}

    unsafe fn create_texture_view(
        &self,
        texture: &super::Texture,
        desc: &crate::TextureViewDescriptor,
    ) -> DeviceResult<super::TextureView> {
        let raw_format = self.shared.private_caps.map_format(desc.format);

        let raw_type = if texture.raw_type == mtl::MTLTextureType::D2Multisample {
            texture.raw_type
        } else {
            conv::map_texture_view_dimension(desc.dimension)
        };

        //Note: this doesn't check properly if the mipmap level count or array layer count
        // is explicitly set to 1.
        let raw = if raw_format == texture.raw_format
            && raw_type == texture.raw_type
            && desc.range == wgt::ImageSubresourceRange::default()
        {
            // Some images are marked as framebuffer-only, and we can't create aliases of them.
            // Also helps working around Metal bugs with aliased array textures.
            texture.raw.to_owned()
        } else {
            let mip_level_count = match desc.range.mip_level_count {
                Some(count) => count.get(),
                None => texture.mip_levels - desc.range.base_mip_level,
            };
            let array_layer_count = match desc.range.array_layer_count {
                Some(count) => count.get(),
                None => texture.array_layers - desc.range.base_array_layer,
            };

            let raw = texture.raw.new_texture_view_from_slice(
                raw_format,
                raw_type,
                mtl::NSRange {
                    location: desc.range.base_mip_level as _,
                    length: mip_level_count as _,
                },
                mtl::NSRange {
                    location: desc.range.base_array_layer as _,
                    length: array_layer_count as _,
                },
            );
            if let Some(label) = desc.label {
                raw.set_label(label);
            }
            raw
        };

        let aspects = crate::FormatAspects::from(desc.format);
        Ok(super::TextureView { raw, aspects })
    }
    unsafe fn destroy_texture_view(&self, _view: super::TextureView) {}

    unsafe fn create_sampler(
        &self,
        desc: &crate::SamplerDescriptor,
    ) -> DeviceResult<super::Sampler> {
        let caps = &self.shared.private_caps;
        let descriptor = mtl::SamplerDescriptor::new();

        descriptor.set_min_filter(conv::map_filter_mode(desc.min_filter));
        descriptor.set_mag_filter(conv::map_filter_mode(desc.mag_filter));
        descriptor.set_mip_filter(match desc.mipmap_filter {
            wgt::FilterMode::Nearest if desc.lod_clamp.is_none() => {
                mtl::MTLSamplerMipFilter::NotMipmapped
            }
            wgt::FilterMode::Nearest => mtl::MTLSamplerMipFilter::Nearest,
            wgt::FilterMode::Linear => mtl::MTLSamplerMipFilter::Linear,
        });

        if let Some(aniso) = desc.anisotropy_clamp {
            descriptor.set_max_anisotropy(aniso.get() as _);
        }

        let [s, t, r] = desc.address_modes;
        descriptor.set_address_mode_s(conv::map_address_mode(s));
        descriptor.set_address_mode_t(conv::map_address_mode(t));
        descriptor.set_address_mode_r(conv::map_address_mode(r));

        if let Some(ref range) = desc.lod_clamp {
            descriptor.set_lod_min_clamp(range.start);
            descriptor.set_lod_max_clamp(range.end);
        }

        if caps.sampler_lod_average {
            descriptor.set_lod_average(true); // optimization
        }

        if let Some(fun) = desc.compare {
            descriptor.set_compare_function(conv::map_compare_function(fun));
        }
        if let Some(border_color) = desc.border_color {
            descriptor.set_border_color(conv::map_border_color(border_color));
        }

        if let Some(label) = desc.label {
            descriptor.set_label(label);
        }
        let raw = self.shared.device.lock().new_sampler(&descriptor);

        Ok(super::Sampler { raw })
    }
    unsafe fn destroy_sampler(&self, _sampler: super::Sampler) {}

    unsafe fn create_command_encoder(
        &self,
        desc: &crate::CommandEncoderDescriptor<super::Api>,
    ) -> Result<super::CommandEncoder, crate::DeviceError> {
        Ok(super::CommandEncoder {
            shared: Arc::clone(&self.shared),
            raw_queue: Arc::clone(&desc.queue.raw),
            raw_cmd_buf: None,
            state: super::CommandState::default(),
            temp: super::Temp::default(),
        })
    }
    unsafe fn destroy_command_encoder(&self, _encoder: super::CommandEncoder) {}

    unsafe fn create_bind_group_layout(
        &self,
        desc: &crate::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor,
    ) -> DeviceResult<super::BindGroupLayout> {
        Ok(super::BindGroupLayout {
            entries: Arc::from(desc.entries),
        })
    }
    unsafe fn destroy_bind_group_layout(&self, _bg_layout: super::BindGroupLayout) {}

    unsafe fn create_pipeline_layout(
        &self,
        desc: &crate::PipelineLayoutDescriptor<super::Api>,
    ) -> DeviceResult<super::PipelineLayout> {
        #[derive(Debug)]
        struct StageInfo {
            stage: naga::ShaderStage,
            counters: super::ResourceData<super::ResourceIndex>,
            pc_buffer: Option<super::ResourceIndex>,
            pc_limit: u32,
            sizes_buffer: Option<super::ResourceIndex>,
            sizes_count: u8,
            resources: naga::back::msl::BindingMap,
        }

        let mut stage_data = super::NAGA_STAGES.map(|&stage| StageInfo {
            stage,
            counters: super::ResourceData::default(),
            pc_buffer: None,
            pc_limit: 0,
            sizes_buffer: None,
            sizes_count: 0,
            resources: Default::default(),
        });
        let mut bind_group_infos = arrayvec::ArrayVec::new();

        // First, place the push constants
        let mut total_push_constants = 0;
        for info in stage_data.iter_mut() {
            for pcr in desc.push_constant_ranges {
                if pcr.stages.contains(map_naga_stage(info.stage)) {
                    debug_assert_eq!(pcr.range.end % 4, 0);
                    info.pc_limit = (pcr.range.end / 4).max(info.pc_limit);
                }
            }

            // round up the limits alignment to 4, so that it matches MTL compiler logic
            const LIMIT_MASK: u32 = 3;
            //TODO: figure out what and how exactly does the alignment. Clearly, it's not
            // straightforward, given that value of 2 stays non-aligned.
            if info.pc_limit > LIMIT_MASK {
                info.pc_limit = (info.pc_limit + LIMIT_MASK) & !LIMIT_MASK;
            }

            // handle the push constant buffer assignment and shader overrides
            if info.pc_limit != 0 {
                info.pc_buffer = Some(info.counters.buffers);
                info.counters.buffers += 1;
            }

            total_push_constants = total_push_constants.max(info.pc_limit);
        }

        // Second, place the described resources
        for (group_index, &bgl) in desc.bind_group_layouts.iter().enumerate() {
            // remember where the resources for this set start at each shader stage
            let mut dynamic_buffers = Vec::new();
            let base_resource_indices = stage_data.map(|info| info.counters.clone());

            for entry in bgl.entries.iter() {
                if let wgt::BindingType::Buffer {
                    ty,
                    has_dynamic_offset,
                    min_binding_size: _,
                } = entry.ty
                {
                    if has_dynamic_offset {
                        dynamic_buffers.push(stage_data.map(|info| {
                            if entry.visibility.contains(map_naga_stage(info.stage)) {
                                info.counters.buffers
                            } else {
                                !0
                            }
                        }));
                    }
                    if let wgt::BufferBindingType::Storage { .. } = ty {
                        for info in stage_data.iter_mut() {
                            if entry.visibility.contains(map_naga_stage(info.stage)) {
                                info.sizes_count += 1;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                for info in stage_data.iter_mut() {
                    if !entry.visibility.contains(map_naga_stage(info.stage)) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    let mut target = naga::back::msl::BindTarget::default();
                    match entry.ty {
                        wgt::BindingType::Buffer { ty, .. } => {
                            target.buffer = Some(info.counters.buffers as _);
                            info.counters.buffers += 1;
                            if let wgt::BufferBindingType::Storage { read_only } = ty {
                                target.mutable = !read_only;
                            }
                        }
                        wgt::BindingType::Sampler { .. } => {
                            target.sampler = Some(naga::back::msl::BindSamplerTarget::Resource(
                                info.counters.samplers as _,
                            ));
                            info.counters.samplers += 1;
                        }
                        wgt::BindingType::Texture { .. } => {
                            target.texture = Some(info.counters.textures as _);
                            info.counters.textures += 1;
                        }
                        wgt::BindingType::StorageTexture { access, .. } => {
                            target.texture = Some(info.counters.textures as _);
                            info.counters.textures += 1;
                            target.mutable = match access {
                                wgt::StorageTextureAccess::ReadOnly => false,
                                wgt::StorageTextureAccess::WriteOnly => true,
                                wgt::StorageTextureAccess::ReadWrite => true,
                            };
                        }
                    }

                    let br = naga::ResourceBinding {
                        group: group_index as u32,
                        binding: entry.binding,
                    };
                    info.resources.insert(br, target);
                }
            }

            bind_group_infos.push(super::BindGroupLayoutInfo {
                base_resource_indices,
            });
        }

        // Finally, make sure we fit the limits
        for info in stage_data.iter_mut() {
            // handle the sizes buffer assignment and shader overrides
            if info.sizes_count != 0 {
                info.sizes_buffer = Some(info.counters.buffers);
                info.counters.buffers += 1;
            }
            if info.counters.buffers > self.shared.private_caps.max_buffers_per_stage
                || info.counters.textures > self.shared.private_caps.max_textures_per_stage
                || info.counters.samplers > self.shared.private_caps.max_samplers_per_stage
            {
                log::error!("Resource limit exceeded: {:?}", info);
                return Err(crate::DeviceError::OutOfMemory);
            }
        }

        let per_stage_map = stage_data.map(|info| naga::back::msl::PerStageResources {
            push_constant_buffer: info
                .pc_buffer
                .map(|buffer_index| buffer_index as naga::back::msl::Slot),
            sizes_buffer: info
                .sizes_buffer
                .map(|buffer_index| buffer_index as naga::back::msl::Slot),
            resources: Default::default(),
        });

        Ok(super::PipelineLayout {
            bind_group_infos,
            push_constants_infos: stage_data.map(|info| {
                info.pc_buffer.map(|buffer_index| super::PushConstantsInfo {
                    count: info.pc_limit,
                    buffer_index,
                })
            }),
            total_counters: stage_data.map(|info| info.counters.clone()),
            naga_options: naga::back::msl::Options {
                lang_version: match self.shared.private_caps.msl_version {
                    mtl::MTLLanguageVersion::V1_0 => (1, 0),
                    mtl::MTLLanguageVersion::V1_1 => (1, 1),
                    mtl::MTLLanguageVersion::V1_2 => (1, 2),
                    mtl::MTLLanguageVersion::V2_0 => (2, 0),
                    mtl::MTLLanguageVersion::V2_1 => (2, 1),
                    mtl::MTLLanguageVersion::V2_2 => (2, 2),
                    mtl::MTLLanguageVersion::V2_3 => (2, 3),
                },
                inline_samplers: Default::default(),
                spirv_cross_compatibility: false,
                fake_missing_bindings: false,
                per_stage_map: naga::back::msl::PerStageMap {
                    vs: naga::back::msl::PerStageResources {
                        resources: stage_data.vs.resources,
                        ..per_stage_map.vs
                    },
                    fs: naga::back::msl::PerStageResources {
                        resources: stage_data.fs.resources,
                        ..per_stage_map.fs
                    },
                    cs: naga::back::msl::PerStageResources {
                        resources: stage_data.cs.resources,
                        ..per_stage_map.cs
                    },
                },
                bounds_check_policies: naga::proc::BoundsCheckPolicies {
                    index: naga::proc::BoundsCheckPolicy::ReadZeroSkipWrite,
                    buffer: naga::proc::BoundsCheckPolicy::ReadZeroSkipWrite,
                    image: naga::proc::BoundsCheckPolicy::ReadZeroSkipWrite,
                },
            },
            total_push_constants,
        })
    }
    unsafe fn destroy_pipeline_layout(&self, _pipeline_layout: super::PipelineLayout) {}

    unsafe fn create_bind_group(
        &self,
        desc: &crate::BindGroupDescriptor<super::Api>,
    ) -> DeviceResult<super::BindGroup> {
        let mut bg = super::BindGroup::default();
        for (&stage, counter) in super::NAGA_STAGES.iter().zip(bg.counters.iter_mut()) {
            let stage_bit = map_naga_stage(stage);
            let mut dynamic_offsets_count = 0u32;
            for (entry, layout) in desc.entries.iter().zip(desc.layout.entries.iter()) {
                let size = layout.count.map_or(1, |c| c.get());
                if let wgt::BindingType::Buffer {
                    has_dynamic_offset: true,
                    ..
                } = layout.ty
                {
                    dynamic_offsets_count += 1;
                }
                if !layout.visibility.contains(stage_bit) {
                    continue;
                }
                match layout.ty {
                    wgt::BindingType::Buffer {
                        ty,
                        has_dynamic_offset,
                        ..
                    } => {
                        debug_assert_eq!(size, 1);
                        let source = &desc.buffers[entry.resource_index as usize];
                        let remaining_size =
                            wgt::BufferSize::new(source.buffer.size - source.offset);
                        let binding_size = match ty {
                            wgt::BufferBindingType::Storage { .. } => {
                                source.size.or(remaining_size)
                            }
                            _ => None,
                        };
                        bg.buffers.push(super::BufferResource {
                            ptr: source.buffer.as_raw(),
                            offset: source.offset,
                            dynamic_index: if has_dynamic_offset {
                                Some(dynamic_offsets_count - 1)
                            } else {
                                None
                            },
                            binding_size,
                            binding_location: layout.binding,
                        });
                        counter.buffers += 1;
                    }
                    wgt::BindingType::Sampler { .. } => {
                        let res = desc.samplers[entry.resource_index as usize].as_raw();
                        bg.samplers.push(res);
                        counter.samplers += 1;
                    }
                    wgt::BindingType::Texture { .. } | wgt::BindingType::StorageTexture { .. } => {
                        let start = entry.resource_index;
                        let end = start + size;
                        bg.textures.extend(
                            desc.textures[start as usize..end as usize]
                                .iter()
                                .map(|tex| tex.view.as_raw()),
                        );
                        counter.textures += size;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(bg)
    }

    unsafe fn destroy_bind_group(&self, _group: super::BindGroup) {}

    unsafe fn create_shader_module(
        &self,
        _desc: &crate::ShaderModuleDescriptor,
        shader: crate::ShaderInput,
    ) -> Result<super::ShaderModule, crate::ShaderError> {
        match shader {
            crate::ShaderInput::Naga(naga) => Ok(super::ShaderModule { naga }),
            crate::ShaderInput::SpirV(_) => {
                panic!("SPIRV_SHADER_PASSTHROUGH is not enabled for this backend")
            }
        }
    }
    unsafe fn destroy_shader_module(&self, _module: super::ShaderModule) {}

    unsafe fn create_render_pipeline(
        &self,
        desc: &crate::RenderPipelineDescriptor<super::Api>,
    ) -> Result<super::RenderPipeline, crate::PipelineError> {
        let descriptor = mtl::RenderPipelineDescriptor::new();

        let raw_triangle_fill_mode = match desc.primitive.polygon_mode {
            wgt::PolygonMode::Fill => mtl::MTLTriangleFillMode::Fill,
            wgt::PolygonMode::Line => mtl::MTLTriangleFillMode::Lines,
            wgt::PolygonMode::Point => panic!(
                "{:?} is not enabled for this backend",
                wgt::Features::POLYGON_MODE_POINT
            ),
        };

        let (primitive_class, raw_primitive_type) =
            conv::map_primitive_topology(desc.primitive.topology);

        let vs = self.load_shader(
            &desc.vertex_stage,
            desc.layout,
            primitive_class,
            naga::ShaderStage::Vertex,
        )?;

        descriptor.set_vertex_function(Some(&vs.function));
        if self.shared.private_caps.supports_mutability {
            Self::set_buffers_mutability(
                descriptor.vertex_buffers().unwrap(),
                vs.immutable_buffer_mask,
            );
        }

        // Fragment shader
        let (fs_lib, fs_sized_bindings) = match desc.fragment_stage {
            Some(ref stage) => {
                let fs = self.load_shader(
                    stage,
                    desc.layout,
                    primitive_class,
                    naga::ShaderStage::Fragment,
                )?;
                descriptor.set_fragment_function(Some(&fs.function));
                if self.shared.private_caps.supports_mutability {
                    Self::set_buffers_mutability(
                        descriptor.fragment_buffers().unwrap(),
                        fs.immutable_buffer_mask,
                    );
                }
                (Some(fs.library), fs.sized_bindings)
            }
            None => {
                // TODO: This is a workaround for what appears to be a Metal validation bug
                // A pixel format is required even though no attachments are provided
                if desc.color_targets.is_empty() && desc.depth_stencil.is_none() {
                    descriptor.set_depth_attachment_pixel_format(mtl::MTLPixelFormat::Depth32Float);
                }
                (None, Vec::new())
            }
        };

        for (i, ct) in desc.color_targets.iter().enumerate() {
            let at_descriptor = descriptor.color_attachments().object_at(i as u64).unwrap();

            let raw_format = self.shared.private_caps.map_format(ct.format);
            at_descriptor.set_pixel_format(raw_format);
            at_descriptor.set_write_mask(conv::map_color_write(ct.write_mask));

            if let Some(ref blend) = ct.blend {
                at_descriptor.set_blending_enabled(true);
                let (color_op, color_src, color_dst) = conv::map_blend_component(&blend.color);
                let (alpha_op, alpha_src, alpha_dst) = conv::map_blend_component(&blend.alpha);

                at_descriptor.set_rgb_blend_operation(color_op);
                at_descriptor.set_source_rgb_blend_factor(color_src);
                at_descriptor.set_destination_rgb_blend_factor(color_dst);

                at_descriptor.set_alpha_blend_operation(alpha_op);
                at_descriptor.set_source_alpha_blend_factor(alpha_src);
                at_descriptor.set_destination_alpha_blend_factor(alpha_dst);
            }
        }

        let depth_stencil = match desc.depth_stencil {
            Some(ref ds) => {
                let raw_format = self.shared.private_caps.map_format(ds.format);
                let aspects = crate::FormatAspects::from(ds.format);
                if aspects.contains(crate::FormatAspects::DEPTH) {
                    descriptor.set_depth_attachment_pixel_format(raw_format);
                }
                if aspects.contains(crate::FormatAspects::STENCIL) {
                    descriptor.set_stencil_attachment_pixel_format(raw_format);
                }

                let ds_descriptor = create_depth_stencil_desc(ds);
                let raw = self
                    .shared
                    .device
                    .lock()
                    .new_depth_stencil_state(&ds_descriptor);
                Some((raw, ds.bias))
            }
            None => None,
        };

        if desc.layout.total_counters.vs.buffers + (desc.vertex_buffers.len() as u32)
            > self.shared.private_caps.max_buffers_per_stage
        {
            let msg = format!(
                "pipeline needs too many buffers in the vertex stage: {} vertex and {} layout",
                desc.vertex_buffers.len(),
                desc.layout.total_counters.vs.buffers
            );
            return Err(crate::PipelineError::Linkage(
                wgt::ShaderStages::VERTEX,
                msg,
            ));
        }

        if !desc.vertex_buffers.is_empty() {
            let vertex_descriptor = mtl::VertexDescriptor::new();
            for (i, vb) in desc.vertex_buffers.iter().enumerate() {
                let buffer_index =
                    self.shared.private_caps.max_buffers_per_stage as u64 - 1 - i as u64;
                let buffer_desc = vertex_descriptor.layouts().object_at(buffer_index).unwrap();

                buffer_desc.set_stride(vb.array_stride);
                buffer_desc.set_step_function(conv::map_step_mode(vb.step_mode));

                for at in vb.attributes {
                    let attribute_desc = vertex_descriptor
                        .attributes()
                        .object_at(at.shader_location as u64)
                        .unwrap();
                    attribute_desc.set_format(conv::map_vertex_format(at.format));
                    attribute_desc.set_buffer_index(buffer_index);
                    attribute_desc.set_offset(at.offset);
                }
            }
            descriptor.set_vertex_descriptor(Some(vertex_descriptor));
        }

        if desc.multisample.count != 1 {
            //TODO: handle sample mask
            descriptor.set_sample_count(desc.multisample.count as u64);
            descriptor.set_alpha_to_coverage_enabled(desc.multisample.alpha_to_coverage_enabled);
            //descriptor.set_alpha_to_one_enabled(desc.multisample.alpha_to_one_enabled);
        }

        if let Some(name) = desc.label {
            descriptor.set_label(name);
        }

        let raw = self
            .shared
            .device
            .lock()
            .new_render_pipeline_state(&descriptor)
            .map_err(|e| {
                crate::PipelineError::Linkage(
                    wgt::ShaderStages::VERTEX | wgt::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
                    format!("new_render_pipeline_state: {:?}", e),
                )
            })?;

        Ok(super::RenderPipeline {
            raw,
            vs_lib: vs.library,
            fs_lib,
            vs_info: super::PipelineStageInfo {
                push_constants: desc.layout.push_constants_infos.vs,
                sizes_slot: desc.layout.naga_options.per_stage_map.vs.sizes_buffer,
                sized_bindings: vs.sized_bindings,
            },
            fs_info: super::PipelineStageInfo {
                push_constants: desc.layout.push_constants_infos.fs,
                sizes_slot: desc.layout.naga_options.per_stage_map.fs.sizes_buffer,
                sized_bindings: fs_sized_bindings,
            },
            raw_primitive_type,
            raw_triangle_fill_mode,
            raw_front_winding: conv::map_winding(desc.primitive.front_face),
            raw_cull_mode: conv::map_cull_mode(desc.primitive.cull_mode),
            raw_depth_clip_mode: if self.features.contains(wgt::Features::DEPTH_CLIP_CONTROL) {
                Some(if desc.primitive.unclipped_depth {
                    mtl::MTLDepthClipMode::Clamp
                } else {
                    mtl::MTLDepthClipMode::Clip
                })
            } else {
                None
            },
            depth_stencil,
        })
    }
    unsafe fn destroy_render_pipeline(&self, _pipeline: super::RenderPipeline) {}

    unsafe fn create_compute_pipeline(
        &self,
        desc: &crate::ComputePipelineDescriptor<super::Api>,
    ) -> Result<super::ComputePipeline, crate::PipelineError> {
        let descriptor = mtl::ComputePipelineDescriptor::new();

        let cs = self.load_shader(
            &desc.stage,
            desc.layout,
            mtl::MTLPrimitiveTopologyClass::Unspecified,
            naga::ShaderStage::Compute,
        )?;
        descriptor.set_compute_function(Some(&cs.function));

        if self.shared.private_caps.supports_mutability {
            Self::set_buffers_mutability(descriptor.buffers().unwrap(), cs.immutable_buffer_mask);
        }

        if let Some(name) = desc.label {
            descriptor.set_label(name);
        }

        let raw = self
            .shared
            .device
            .lock()
            .new_compute_pipeline_state(&descriptor)
            .map_err(|e| {
                crate::PipelineError::Linkage(
                    wgt::ShaderStages::COMPUTE,
                    format!("new_compute_pipeline_state: {:?}", e),
                )
            })?;

        Ok(super::ComputePipeline {
            raw,
            cs_info: super::PipelineStageInfo {
                push_constants: desc.layout.push_constants_infos.cs,
                sizes_slot: desc.layout.naga_options.per_stage_map.cs.sizes_buffer,
                sized_bindings: cs.sized_bindings,
            },
            cs_lib: cs.library,
            work_group_size: cs.wg_size,
            work_group_memory_sizes: cs.wg_memory_sizes,
        })
    }
    unsafe fn destroy_compute_pipeline(&self, _pipeline: super::ComputePipeline) {}

    unsafe fn create_query_set(
        &self,
        desc: &wgt::QuerySetDescriptor<crate::Label>,
    ) -> DeviceResult<super::QuerySet> {
        match desc.ty {
            wgt::QueryType::Occlusion => {
                let size = desc.count as u64 * crate::QUERY_SIZE;
                let options = mtl::MTLResourceOptions::empty();
                //TODO: HazardTrackingModeUntracked
                let raw_buffer = self.shared.device.lock().new_buffer(size, options);
                if let Some(label) = desc.label {
                    raw_buffer.set_label(label);
                }
                Ok(super::QuerySet {
                    raw_buffer,
                    ty: desc.ty,
                })
            }
            wgt::QueryType::Timestamp | wgt::QueryType::PipelineStatistics(_) => {
                Err(crate::DeviceError::OutOfMemory)
            }
        }
    }
    unsafe fn destroy_query_set(&self, _set: super::QuerySet) {}

    unsafe fn create_fence(&self) -> DeviceResult<super::Fence> {
        Ok(super::Fence {
            completed_value: Arc::new(atomic::AtomicU64::new(0)),
            pending_command_buffers: Vec::new(),
        })
    }
    unsafe fn destroy_fence(&self, _fence: super::Fence) {}
    unsafe fn get_fence_value(&self, fence: &super::Fence) -> DeviceResult<crate::FenceValue> {
        let mut max_value = fence.completed_value.load(atomic::Ordering::Acquire);
        for &(value, ref cmd_buf) in fence.pending_command_buffers.iter() {
            if cmd_buf.status() == mtl::MTLCommandBufferStatus::Completed {
                max_value = value;
            }
        }
        Ok(max_value)
    }
    unsafe fn wait(
        &self,
        fence: &super::Fence,
        wait_value: crate::FenceValue,
        timeout_ms: u32,
    ) -> DeviceResult<bool> {
        if wait_value <= fence.completed_value.load(atomic::Ordering::Acquire) {
            return Ok(true);
        }

        let cmd_buf = match fence
            .pending_command_buffers
            .iter()
            .find(|&&(value, _)| value >= wait_value)
        {
            Some(&(_, ref cmd_buf)) => cmd_buf,
            None => {
                log::error!("No active command buffers for fence value {}", wait_value);
                return Err(crate::DeviceError::Lost);
            }
        };

        let start = time::Instant::now();
        loop {
            if let mtl::MTLCommandBufferStatus::Completed = cmd_buf.status() {
                return Ok(true);
            }
            if start.elapsed().as_millis() >= timeout_ms as u128 {
                return Ok(false);
            }
            thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1));
        }
    }

    unsafe fn start_capture(&self) -> bool {
        if !self.shared.private_caps.supports_capture_manager {
            return false;
        }
        let device = self.shared.device.lock();
        let shared_capture_manager = mtl::CaptureManager::shared();
        let default_capture_scope = shared_capture_manager.new_capture_scope_with_device(&device);
        shared_capture_manager.set_default_capture_scope(&default_capture_scope);
        shared_capture_manager.start_capture_with_scope(&default_capture_scope);
        default_capture_scope.begin_scope();
        true
    }
    unsafe fn stop_capture(&self) {
        let shared_capture_manager = mtl::CaptureManager::shared();
        if let Some(default_capture_scope) = shared_capture_manager.default_capture_scope() {
            default_capture_scope.end_scope();
        }
        shared_capture_manager.stop_capture();
    }
}
