Most can be easily identified by their markings and many can be operationally tested using oscilloscopes and logic analyzers, but the number of specialty ICs in various configurations and PCB designs can make testing them very challenging.
Ọtụtụ ICs nwere ike ịmatakwu nke ọma site na akara ha na ọtụtụ ndị nwere ike iji nyocha na-arụ ọrụ site na iji oscilloscopes na ndị nyocha ihe ntụgharị, mana ọnụọgụ nke ICS dị iche iche na nhazi dị iche iche na PCB aghụghọ nwere ike ime ka nyocha ICs bụrụ ihe ịma aka.