ይህ የሚችለውን ውጤት ማዕቀፍ ላይ የቴክኒክ ተጨማሪ ክፍል ይሆናል; ተጨማሪ መረጃ ለማግኘት, ማየት Morgan and Winship (2014) እና Imbens and Rubin (2015).
Ichi chidzakhala kumapeto luso pa angathe zakambidwa chimango; Kuti mudziwe zambiri, werengani Morgan and Winship (2014) ndi Imbens and Rubin (2015).