ብዙ ተመራማሪዎች ተዛምዶ በመጠቀም ሕክምና ውጤቶች መካከል የተለያያ እንዲገምቱ, ነገር ግን አዳዲስ ዘዴዎች ለምሳሌ ያህል, የማሽን መማሪያ ላይ መታመን Green and Kern (2012), Imai and Ratkovic (2013), Taddy et al.
Akatswiri ambiri amafufuzira kuti njira zochepetsera mankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano, koma njira zatsopano zimadalira kuphunzira makina; onani, mwachitsanzo, Green and Kern (2012), Imai and Ratkovic (2013), Taddy et al. (2016), ndi Athey and Imbens (2016a).