Most vaccine development to date has relied on governments, universities and non-profit organizations.[18] Many vaccines have been highly cost effective and beneficial for public health.[17] The number of vaccines actually administered has risen dramatically in recent decades.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhambi okugoma amaningi kuze kube manje ime ngokuxhaswa uhulumeni, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kanye nabasizi bomphakathi abazimele.[25] Amakhambi okugoma amaningi awabizanga kakhulu aphinde asiza abezempilo.[26] Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi okugoma kunyuke kakhulu eminyakeni eyedlule.[27] Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugonywa kwezilwane kusiza ukuthi zingatholi izifo nokuthi zingatheleli abantu ngezifo.[28]