The process had started somewhat earlier and had continued in some places into the 19th century, but the norm is that in the tenth and eleventh centuries people did not have last names, whereas by the fifteenth century most of the population had acquired a second name.
Le nqubo yayisanda kuqalwa futhi yaqhubeka kwezinye izindawo phakathi nekhulu le-19th, kodwa kuvamile ukuthi emakhulwini amabili neshumi nanye abantu babengenawo amagama, kanti ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye abantu abaningi babethole igama lesibili.