While contrast and consistency effects are produced as a consequence of respondents' evaluations of the two items in relation to each other, additive and subtractive effects are produced when respondents are made more sensitive to the larger framework within which the questions are posed.
Ngenkathi ukungafani nokuphumelela kwemiphumela kukhishwa njengomphumela wabahlolwa kwabaphenduli bezinto ezimbili ngokuphathelene nomunye nomunye, imiphumela ehlanganisayo neyokukhipha iyakhiwa lapho abaphendulayo bezwela ngokwengeziwe kuhlaka olukhudlwana lapho imibuzo ibuzwa khona.