Throughout the Islamic empire, "the hospital as an institution was being developed in revolutionary ways that would shape the course of health sciences and health care right down to modern times," says author and historian Howard R. Turner.
Howard R. Tuner, mutsari wa tibuku tlhelo n'wamatimu, u vule leswaku emfun'weni hinkwawo wa Vuislam, "a ku akiwa swibedlhele leswi a swi ta yi hluvukisa swinene sayense ya swa vutshunguri ni ku tshunguriwa ka vanhu ku fikela eminkarhini ya manguva lawa."