It is used to ensure that the manufacturing process operates in the in-control state . Multi-variety and small batch production runs are common in manufacturing environments like flexible manufacturing systems and Just-in-Time systems , which are characterized by a wide variety of mixed products with small volume for each kind of production . It is difficult to apply traditional control charts efficiently and effectively in such environments . The Radio Frequency Identification was the recent years high speed development digital industry , its capacity big , the secre-cy strong , might read-write and under the bad working condition characteristics and so on use , was other electronic label is unable to compare . In the original flexible manufacture system join the radio frequency electron label system , through between the electronic label system and the PLC data exchange , completes PLC to the flexible manufacture system control , thus causes the complete equip-ment the efficiency and the product quality all has the enhancement . One of the most investigated flexible processes in metal forming is incremental sheet forming ( ISF ) . ISF is an advanced flexible manufacturing process which allows to manufacture complex 3D products without expensive dedicated tools . In most of the cases it is needed for an ISF process the following : a simple tool , a fixing device for sheet metal blank and a universal CNC machine . Automated manufacturing systems are generally composed of a number of interconnected material processing stations , a material transport system , a communication system , and a supervisory control system . The flexible manufacturing concept advocates that , as one of the options , manufacturing operations be carried out within workcells , each workcell being responsible for the production of a specific part family . Cells are usually interconnected by a transport system . This paper presents how color Petri nets can be used in flexible manufacturing system models .. It is studied the cell from the Faculty of Engineering Management and Technology . Upcoming trends in manufacturing focus on flexible configuration of products up to lot-size one . This mass customization raises a need of flexible manufacturing and production systems that should react on fast changing market demands . As a result , it is getting more and more important to model all needed assets or skills in an user-oriented and configurable manner . This article presents control architecture of industrial robot Mitsubishi RV-2SDB that is integrated into Flexible Manufacturing Company . The robot handle head is equipped with air vacuum suction cups , by which the robot handles with the products . This paper describes the development of a flexible manufacturing facility at Huddersfield Polytechnic . An overview of the strategic and detailed planning approach is provided and its importance is emphasized . This approach is in line with the cloud manufacturing paradigm that applies established concepts from cloud computing to the manufacturing domain . Although the cloud manufacturing paradigm provides promising concepts for a flexible manufacturing industry , it still exposes several challenges . One of the most important challenges is the recovery from production failures and delays . Experimental results for both scenarios are presented and discussed for soldering single and multiple wires at a time . This system provides a flexible manufacturing solution for operations that demand custom micro-soldering operations in a 2D plane . Copyright © 2017 by ASME If probability information is known , uncertainty is described using a ( discrete or continuous ) probability distribution on the parameters , otherwise , continuous parameters are normally limited to lie in some pre-determined intervals . This chapter introduces basic concepts about uncertainty themes associated with cellular manufacturing systems and briefly reviews literature survey for this type of problem . The chapter also discusses the characteristics of different mathematical models in the context of cellular manufacturing . In such a situation , the cellular manufacturing systems are receiving a lot of attention . However , the cellular manufacturing systems require operators with wide skills , and the productivity depends largely on their abilities . To improve the productivity of the cellular manufacturing systems , many researchers apply information technology to them . This paper , in identifying the importance of Group Technology and Cellular Manufacture , specifies some of the problems to be recognized and dealt with in the preparatory stages . Attention is drawn to the need to avoid the development of general purpose solutions from successful narrow based achievements . A feature-based component model is created by the geometric modeller and accessed by functions which enable flexible component grouping and matching to process capability through the concept of a composite component . Subsequent process component grouping within the context of particular manufacturing systems strategies ( cellular manufacture , flow-line , etc . ) ultimately results in functional machine descriptions and variants . To realize this potential of the computer requires a wholly new approach to both the software and the hardware components of manufacture - a systems approach , to bring into being what may be called the computer-integrated manufacturing system . Such a new approach to the combined hardware and software of batch manufacture will require the combination and exploitation , on a systems engineering basis , of many currently embryonic new aspects of manufacturing technology , such as direct numerical control , multi-station manufacturing systems , group technology or cellular manufacture and integrated manufacturing software systems . A Delphi-type technological forecast recently completed by the C.I.R.P. throws some light on the likelihood and timing of the realization of the computer-integrated manufacturing system . Abstract Since its introduction , the cellular manufactiring concept has considerably evolved . In the last few years , two new paradigms that inherit from the cellular manufacturing concept have been developed . These new paradigms consist of exploiting the potential offered by a virtual cellular organization and a dynamic cellular organization . The results indicate that the focused cellular manufacturing scheme has a batching advantage . This advantage out‐weighed the set‐up time reduction advantage of the cellular manufacturing scheme for average end‐item completion times and average work‐in‐process inventory levels . The cellular manufacturing scheme overcame the batching advantage only when there were small batch sizes or large set‐up time magnitudes . This paper addresses the problem of grouping machines in order to design cellular manufacturing cells , with an objective to minimize inter-cell flow . This problem is related to one of the major aims of group technology ( GT ) : to decompose the manufacturing system into manufacturing cells that are as independent as possible . Each objective is listed and a modeling technique for satisfying each objective is discussed and illustrated . The case presented is the design of a cellular manufacturing facility for the SSC ( Superconducting Super Collider ) particle accelerator . Specifically , an initial simulation of the final assembly of the dipole magnets is described . The principal feature of such a system is that incomplete or imperfect information is given about the input flows and the interactions between parts of the system , so that it has to be adaptive to variations in input and environmental conditions . An additional wish for a cellular manufacturing organization is to be as easily reconfigurable as possible , i.e. as easy to adjust to different environments of the same type as possible [ 1,2,3,4,5 ] . For all those purposes , the system has to self-organize in order to respond to the inputs while meeting the operational constraints involved . The third study concerns both the planning process and how the conditions of the planning environment affect the performance of the planning processes . The study concerns the control of the execution phase when organizing resources according to the cellular manufacturing principle at the emergency department . The results show a decrease in patient throughput time when following this principle , implemented by organizing the personnel resources in teams . Many cost models use the concept of product size as the prime driver for cost estimation but our experience has shown that the supplied quality of components and the required quality of the integrated systems are becoming the dominant factors affecting the costs and time scales of many projects today . ICL has undertaken an experiment using an alternative life cycle model , known as the Cellular Manufacturing Process Model ( CMPM ) , which describes how a product is integrated from its constituent components . The experiment has helped to develop a method and sets of metrics to improve cost estimation and project tracking . RC++ is based on OPS5 ( Forgy , 81 ) and Poprulebase , a rule-based extension to the Pop-11 programming language . It combines optimised execution associated with OPS5 with the syntactical style and some of the useful features of Poprulebase . It is designed to facilitate the rapid creation of game AI by automating many of the common programming tasks associated with creating game rules , while maintaining the flexibility of C and C++ when required . After a introduction to the production planning system of an oil refinery , the preference degree and factor relationship graph are defined , on the basis of which the hierarchical analysis model is designed to summarize the fuzzy factors in the process of decision inference . The inference system is implemented in OPS5 . A real factor relationship graph is given in this paper . A rule-based system ( RBS ) , also known as production system , is a more elegant choice for implementing a GIS , since RBSs address the need to capture , represent , store , and reason about human knowledge on the basis of conditional if-then rules . This paper describes the implementation of a GIS using OPS5 , a production system language . For the prototype , a medium-sized city , with two rivers , a lake , a railway track , different categories of roads , buildings , and offices , was chosen . Empirical study of several OPS5 programs has shown that TREAT performs 30 percent to 50 percent less comparisons when searching for variable bindings than the RETE match . The analysis of several TREAT-OPS5 implementations , both sequential and parallel , shows that there is little rule parallelism available in OPS5 programs . The PM-level distribution of rules in a DADO machine is a natural way to organize rule-based systems . We examine the problem of predicting the timing behavior of knowledge-based systems for real-time applications . In particular , we describe a suite of tools which analyze OPS5 programs to understand their timing properties . First , a graphical representation of an OPS5 program is defined and evaluated . These conditions are then used to correct the problem by adding extra rules to the original program . Third , another tool is introduced to aid timing analysis of OPS5 programs . This tool generates a set of test data which maximize the program execution time . This paper shows that QLISP can easily encode most sources of parallelism in OPS5 that have been previously discussed in literature . This is significant because the OPS5 interpreter is the first large program to be encoded in QLISP , and as a result , this is the first practical demonstration of the expressive power of QLISP . The paper also lists the most commonly used QLISP constructs in the parallel implementation ( and the contexts in which they are used ) , which serve as a hint to the QLISP implementor about what to optimize . OPS5 is an expert system tool We improved OPS5 interpreter in oder to support Multi Windows In this paper , The method and principle of improved OPS5 interpreter are introduced This transmit-only bus is implemented by a memory-mapped scheme which permits the rule processors to be decoded in parallel . All OPS5 rule matching processes and most of the processes associated with conflict resolution are executed by the parallel rule processors . The host performs the tasks associated with the firing of a rule selected by the conflict resolution process . A matching algorithm for DBCond uses the relational structures to efficiently identify rules whose antecedents are satisfied . The performance of DBCond is compared with that of DBRete , a DBMS implementation of the Rete match algorithm developed for use with the production rule language OPS5 . DBCond is also compared with DBQuery , a method that is based on evaluating queries corresponding to the conditions in the antecedents of the rules . It first presents a parallel production system interpreter that has been implemented on a four-processor multiprocessor . This parallel interpreter is based on Forgy 's OPS5 interpreter and exploits production-level parallelism in production systems . Runs on the multiprocessor system indicate that it is possible to obtain speed-up of around 1.7 in the match computation for certain production systems when productions are split into three sets that are processed in parallel . Practical results are presented and discussed . The error recovery system was implemented in OPS5/VMS on a VAX 750 and tested for two cases . The first one is an electrical signaling relay subassembly ; the second one is a weapon subassembly . The analysis predicts an execution rate of more than 850 production firings per second using hardware comparable in cost to a VAX 11/780 . By way of comparison , a LISP-based OPS5 interpreter running on a VAX 11/780 typically fires 1 to 5 rules per second , while a Bliss-based interpreter executes 5 to 12 rules per second . It is shown that by assuming a common model of SIMD ( single-instruction-stream , multiple-data-stream ) computing and extending the OPS5 production system formalism to take advantage of the SIMD model , an entirely new class of problems lends itself to solution through the intuitive use of a parallel production system ( PPS ) language . The PPS allows actions on the right-hand sides of a rule to act on classes of working memory elements instead of using the single-element-per-action scheme of OPS5 . It is felt that these extensions represent a considerable enhancement of the expressiveness of the present language , with little modification to existing implementations . They are felt to be in keeping with the OPS5 programming style , and , in addition , would preserve compatibilty with existing OPS5 code . This article analyses two production lines . LP01 – a production line which produces only one product and LP02 which produces many different products . The authors ’ research method was employed - based on the analysis of i.e. : tact time , productivity and the level of machine exploitation , profit margin . Abstract“Factory physics principles ” provided a method to evaluate the performance of a simple production line , whose fundamental parameters are known or given . However , it is difficult to obtain the exact and reasonable parameters in actual manufacturing environment , especially for the complex chipset assembly & test production line ( CATPL ) . The present invention relates to automatic detection device , and in particular to optical , mechanical and electronic integration detects Mechanical Parts Size device . It includes Light Electronic Control System , product production line and substandard product eliminating system , Light Electronic Control System is connected by data control line with photoelectric controller by composite light source scanner , electronic timer is connected with photoelectric controller again , wherein substandard product eliminating system is to be provided with substandard product container by magnet coil air valve side , substandard product eliminating system is placed in detected product both sides , and the air blast that the puff prot for so being controlled by magnet coil air valve sprays is so that underproof product is fallen into substandard product container from automatic transmission belt . The present invention has used light , mechanical , electrical integrated technology , and the labour intensity of detection technique personnel can be greatly reduced , and realizes the automation of detection , and serialization , detection data is reliable and stable . The invention relates to an automation detecting device , in particular to a photoelectrically controlled industrial weighing device which comprises a photoelectric control system , a product production line and a weighing system . The photoelectrically controlled industrial weighing device is characterized in that the photoelectric control system comprises a light-emitting gun and a photoelectric sensor , wherein the photoelectric sensor is connected with a lifting controller and a photoelectric controller by a data control line ; the product production line is formed in such a way that an empty box inlet passage and a box outlet passage are installed on a rotating platform and the rotating platform is connected with the photoelectric controller ; and the weighing system is provided with a scale and a box at both sides of a fulcrum , provided with the lifting controller beside a lever and provided with an upper blanking plate under the lifting controller . According to the low-power consumption two-dimensional FDCT method , in a low-power-consumption perspective , multiply operation conducted during traditional DCT is omitted , the periodical rotation characteristic of a cosine factor is utilized , and the low-power consumption two-dimensional FDCT method is based on shifting accumulating units of shared product factors . By the adoption of the low-power-consumption two-dimensional FDCT method , through sharing the product factors in a cosine coefficient matrix , the operation amount of two-dimensional FDCT is reduced to the greatest extent , and the purpose of reducing power consumption is achieved ; coding of eight-digit pixel data can be achieved within a single clock ultimately , simultaneous data input is not required , and the performance of a circuit is greatly improved by the adoption of the production line concept . The low-power-consumption two-dimensional FDCT method has the advantages that the power consumption is low and the performance is high . The goal is the eliminate waste by transforming those activities in added value tasks . The first step has been the study and description of the production line process , based on the manufacturing sequence and execution times , as well as the description of the tools and tasks assigned to each worker . These parameters allowed the establishment of a list of operations that has been the base of the standard work methodology application . The present invention discloses a calculation system of a crushing and screening production line . The calculation system comprises a material database , a type selection calculation module , and a correction optimization module , wherein the type selection calculation module is connected between the material database and the correction optimization module , the material database is provided for a sampling test and field environment simulation , the type selection calculation module reads data from the material database , initially identifies the crushing segment number and the machine type , and simulates and calculates a machine production line process , and the correction optimization module is based on order requirements and combined with the production line process of the type selection calculation module to optimize the data . With the calculation system of the present invention , a calculation time is shortened , and calculation accuracy is improved . This article presents the second version of the APPLIES framework as well as the second iteration of the evaluation of this approach . This evaluation consisted of ( i ) a workshop with a practitioner who had experience in adopting the product line production approach and ; ( ii ) a review of the content by five product line experts . The results obtained from the evaluation resulted in modifications to the framework content , mainly to simplify the statements and eliminate redundant elements . A oct-tree and LOD based structure is employed to reduce computation during visualization and interaction , and parallelized algorithms of organizing data based on GPU and multi-threads are designed to accelerate the pre-processing . A production line based algorithm is introduced to make full use of I/O interface to reduce the waiting time for loading data in interaction . All algorithms are designed under the frame of general layered heterogeneous model , making sure of the ease for use and portability . Since the mid-1970s , a large number of visual inspection systems and algorithms for industrial inspection have been developed . To be acceptable in industry , vision systems must be inexpensive , within the speed of the production-line flow , and very accurate . Furthermore the system should be flexible enough to accommodate changes in products . This allows each sub-assembly of a VIRUS unit to be interchangeable amongst all other VIRUS units . A production line manufacturing procedure will enable various sub-assemblies to be built and tested in parallel . Examples of alignment and assembly fixtures required for the VIRUS manufacturing process include a camera mirror alignment system , a collimator structure assembly device , a collimator mirror mounting tool , and a grating alignment system . The full-automatic medical detection system is characterized in that a clinical-laboratory information system is used for finishing downloading of data of patients from a hospital information system , testing request information , and uploading the states of a specimen in all modules , the shelf-number position of the specimen , an analysis result and communication condition ; a specimen transporting system adopts personalized connection equipment according to the characteristics of instrument and equipment of all clinical laboratories so as to achieve the optimal specimen transferring and farthest detection efficiency ; a pre-processing system is used for pre-processing a specimen sample ; an analysis system is used for inspecting and analyzing the specimen sample ; an analysis and afterprocessing output system is used for rechecking and inspecting the specimen , sequencing the arrived specimen shelves , carrying out indexing management on the sequenced specimen shelves , covering , refrigerating and storing specimen and outputting an inspection result to a computer . The full-automatic medical detection system disclosed by the invention has the advantages that all independent automatic instruments in the clinical laboratories are connected in series by logistic transferring equipment , and under the leading control of information flow , the combination of production line operation is formed , so that the automation degree is high . Levelt ( 1989 ) , incorporating previous work from Krashen ( 1982 ) and others , made the monitor an essential part of his speech production model . His concept of the monitor saw its basic function in checking the pre-verbal and verbal language output ; in case a speech error is detected the monitor would immediately stop language production processes and go back to a previous step in the language production process . Other influential models also assume monitors ( MacKay , 1987 ; Levelt , 1989 ; Schade , 1999 ) . The patient 's pattern of anomia revealed a severe lexical – phonological impairment and his ERP responses diverged from those of healthy controls in the time window that has previously been associated with lexical – phonological processes during picture naming . Given that his prestroke ERPs were indistinguishable from those of healthy controls , it seems highly likely that the change in his poststroke ERPs is due to changes in language production processes as a consequence of stroke . The patient 's neurolinguistic deficits , combined with the ERPs results , provide unique evidence for the role of left temporal cortex in lexical – phonological processing from about 250 to 450 msec during word production . In two experiments , subjects named pictures that had multiple acceptable names under conditions that manipulated how soon subjects ' attentional resources would be available to engage in word selection . Results show that speakers are more likely to use uncommon labels when word selection is delayed by another task , indicating that the attentional requirements of language production processes affect their outcome . Study 3 investigates the predictions that comprehenders make about upcoming words , specifically focusing on whether words that are semantically related to a best sentence completion are pre-activated or inhibited ( or neither ) . The method includes steps of starting an industrial digital camera and an embedded processor ; sequentially writing V-COM ( common electrode voltage ) values into a V-COM chip of the liquid crystal module according to an ascending order of an effective V-COM range , and enabling the industrial digital camera to acquire n pictures when each V-COM value is written into the V-COM chip ; performing matrix processing on the n pictures corresponding to each V-COM value to obtain matrix data M , M , M , M , ... , and M ; computing flicker point scale values K according to the matrix data ; writing the flicker point scale values K and the corresponding V-COM values into a storage unit of the embedded processor ; reading the minimum value K in the storage unit of the embedded processor , and writing the V-COM value corresponding to the minimum value K into a storage of the V-COM chip of the liquid crystal module to complete adjustment on the Auto-Flicker of the liquid crystal module . The method has the advantages that Flicker of a liquid crystal module production line can be automatically adjusted , images can be acquired in an integral display area of the liquid crystal module , and the display performance of the integral display area can be represented . Finally , simulation model of optimized production line of liquid-crystal module is established , and the simulation results show that the workload for each station basic at 80 % , improving the utilization rate of hours . The cycle time of the optimized liquid crystal module production line is 18 seconds . The production line balance rate is 85.56 % , increasing by 25 % . Mass customization in production and operations management , a process of integrating mass production/standardization principles with customization , seems to be gaining momentum in the United States as well as all over the world . Major companies like Dell , Motorola , Hewlett-Packard , General Motors , Ford , Chrysler , Toyota , Proctor and Gamble , and others are experimenting and also effectively implementing this process in their production and operations facilities . They actively support the production processes ( when they will be produced , with what parameters , what materials should be produced , where it should be delivered , when , what modifications , etc . ) . In this environment and these conditions the logistical component has a qualitatively new dimension adapted to meet these new requirements imposed by the innovative development - namely , to be in constant optimal contact with the production cyber system . The setting is motivated by cancer invasion mediated by interactions with the tumor microenvironment , but has much wider applicability , being able to comprise descriptions of biologically quite different problems . As a main mathematical feature consituting a core difference to both classical Keller-Segel chemotaxis systems and Chaplain-Lolas type chemotaxis-haptotaxis systems , the considered model accounts for certain types of indirect signal production mechanisms . The main results assert unique global classical solvability under suitably mild assumptions on the system parameter functions in associated spatially two-dimensional initial-boundary value problems . Among other things , this is explained by the high clinical expense for such work . The latter can be reduced decisively by using high-strength hard core ceramics and CAD/CAM production . The preparation corresponds largely to the preparation in metal-ceramic work . In this paper , we analyze the efficiency of a given robot movement schedule for the case of a flow shop robotic production cell withm different machines , one input conveyor , and one output conveyor . We begin with the case of one-robot cells and extend our results to multirobot cells . An optimal production and setup scheduling model is discussed in an inflexible manufacturing system with jump Markov disturbances consisting of a single machine . The system can produce several types of products , but at any given time it can only produce one type of product . Based on traditional production systems and the member system model , the paper puts forward a concurrent production system ( CUPS ) . This CUPS is described by outlining its syntax , basic structure of a member , working principle of the interpreter , and compatibility with OPS5 . One Time Password which is fixed length strings to perform authentication in electronic media is used as a one-time . In this paper , One Time Password production methods which based on hash functions were investigated . Keccak digest algorithm was used for the production of One Time Password . The objective of this research is to implement the lean techniques over CNC machine cells with standardization and line balancing for reduction of overall lead time . The methodology used for this research is a combination of traditional lean system with ZF production system . The analysis was carried out over CNC machine cells with the objective of standardization and line balancing of the cells . In introducing the lean production , the ZF KAMA , LLC personnel has undergone both quantitative and qualitative changes ( http://www.zf.com/russia/ru_ru/corporate/company_corporate/zf_in_country_corporate/zf_kam a/index.html).The need to develop and implement projects aimed at improving the efficiency and increasing the productivity is associated with the need to ensure the modern enterprise 's high competitiveness and to enhance the global competition in traditional sales markets ( Kuzmin , 2007 ) . One of the effective tools to achieve such goals is the ZF Production System ( hereinafter referred to as the " ZF PS " ) - the production system of Zahnradfabrik GmbH. In 2011 , as part of the project " Go 4 ZF " implementation of the unified production system ZF Production System started . The aim of creating the unified production system for all ZF locations is to combine the best experience of all production systems , as well as to create a common standard that is the basis for improvement .
It is used to ensure that the manufacturing process operates in the in-control state . Multi-variety and small batch production runs are common in manufacturing environments like flexible manufacturing systems and Just-in-Time systems , which are characterized by a wide variety of mixed products with small volume for each kind of production . It is difficult to apply traditional control charts efficiently and effectively in such environments .
The Radio Frequency Identification was the recent years high speed development digital industry , its capacity big , the secre-cy strong , might read-write and under the bad working condition characteristics and so on use , was other electronic label is unable to compare . In the original flexible manufacture system join the radio frequency electron label system , through between the electronic label system and the PLC data exchange , completes PLC to the flexible manufacture system control , thus causes the complete equip-ment the efficiency and the product quality all has the enhancement .
One of the most investigated flexible processes in metal forming is incremental sheet forming ( ISF ) . ISF is an advanced flexible manufacturing process which allows to manufacture complex 3D products without expensive dedicated tools . In most of the cases it is needed for an ISF process the following : a simple tool , a fixing device for sheet metal blank and a universal CNC machine .
Automated manufacturing systems are generally composed of a number of interconnected material processing stations , a material transport system , a communication system , and a supervisory control system . The flexible manufacturing concept advocates that , as one of the options , manufacturing operations be carried out within workcells , each workcell being responsible for the production of a specific part family . Cells are usually interconnected by a transport system .
This paper presents how color Petri nets can be used in flexible manufacturing system models .. It is studied the cell from the Faculty of Engineering Management and Technology .
Upcoming trends in manufacturing focus on flexible configuration of products up to lot-size one . This mass customization raises a need of flexible manufacturing and production systems that should react on fast changing market demands . As a result , it is getting more and more important to model all needed assets or skills in an user-oriented and configurable manner .
This article presents control architecture of industrial robot Mitsubishi RV-2SDB that is integrated into Flexible Manufacturing Company . The robot handle head is equipped with air vacuum suction cups , by which the robot handles with the products .
This paper describes the development of a flexible manufacturing facility at Huddersfield Polytechnic . An overview of the strategic and detailed planning approach is provided and its importance is emphasized .
This approach is in line with the cloud manufacturing paradigm that applies established concepts from cloud computing to the manufacturing domain . Although the cloud manufacturing paradigm provides promising concepts for a flexible manufacturing industry , it still exposes several challenges . One of the most important challenges is the recovery from production failures and delays .
Experimental results for both scenarios are presented and discussed for soldering single and multiple wires at a time . This system provides a flexible manufacturing solution for operations that demand custom micro-soldering operations in a 2D plane . Copyright © 2017 by ASME
If probability information is known , uncertainty is described using a ( discrete or continuous ) probability distribution on the parameters , otherwise , continuous parameters are normally limited to lie in some pre-determined intervals . This chapter introduces basic concepts about uncertainty themes associated with cellular manufacturing systems and briefly reviews literature survey for this type of problem . The chapter also discusses the characteristics of different mathematical models in the context of cellular manufacturing .
In such a situation , the cellular manufacturing systems are receiving a lot of attention . However , the cellular manufacturing systems require operators with wide skills , and the productivity depends largely on their abilities . To improve the productivity of the cellular manufacturing systems , many researchers apply information technology to them .
This paper , in identifying the importance of Group Technology and Cellular Manufacture , specifies some of the problems to be recognized and dealt with in the preparatory stages . Attention is drawn to the need to avoid the development of general purpose solutions from successful narrow based achievements .
A feature-based component model is created by the geometric modeller and accessed by functions which enable flexible component grouping and matching to process capability through the concept of a composite component . Subsequent process component grouping within the context of particular manufacturing systems strategies ( cellular manufacture , flow-line , etc . ) ultimately results in functional machine descriptions and variants .
To realize this potential of the computer requires a wholly new approach to both the software and the hardware components of manufacture - a systems approach , to bring into being what may be called the computer-integrated manufacturing system . Such a new approach to the combined hardware and software of batch manufacture will require the combination and exploitation , on a systems engineering basis , of many currently embryonic new aspects of manufacturing technology , such as direct numerical control , multi-station manufacturing systems , group technology or cellular manufacture and integrated manufacturing software systems . A Delphi-type technological forecast recently completed by the C.I.R.P. throws some light on the likelihood and timing of the realization of the computer-integrated manufacturing system .
Abstract Since its introduction , the cellular manufactiring concept has considerably evolved . In the last few years , two new paradigms that inherit from the cellular manufacturing concept have been developed . These new paradigms consist of exploiting the potential offered by a virtual cellular organization and a dynamic cellular organization .
The results indicate that the focused cellular manufacturing scheme has a batching advantage . This advantage out‐weighed the set‐up time reduction advantage of the cellular manufacturing scheme for average end‐item completion times and average work‐in‐process inventory levels . The cellular manufacturing scheme overcame the batching advantage only when there were small batch sizes or large set‐up time magnitudes .
This paper addresses the problem of grouping machines in order to design cellular manufacturing cells , with an objective to minimize inter-cell flow . This problem is related to one of the major aims of group technology ( GT ) : to decompose the manufacturing system into manufacturing cells that are as independent as possible .
Each objective is listed and a modeling technique for satisfying each objective is discussed and illustrated . The case presented is the design of a cellular manufacturing facility for the SSC ( Superconducting Super Collider ) particle accelerator . Specifically , an initial simulation of the final assembly of the dipole magnets is described .
The principal feature of such a system is that incomplete or imperfect information is given about the input flows and the interactions between parts of the system , so that it has to be adaptive to variations in input and environmental conditions . An additional wish for a cellular manufacturing organization is to be as easily reconfigurable as possible , i.e. as easy to adjust to different environments of the same type as possible [ 1,2,3,4,5 ] . For all those purposes , the system has to self-organize in order to respond to the inputs while meeting the operational constraints involved .
The third study concerns both the planning process and how the conditions of the planning environment affect the performance of the planning processes . The study concerns the control of the execution phase when organizing resources according to the cellular manufacturing principle at the emergency department . The results show a decrease in patient throughput time when following this principle , implemented by organizing the personnel resources in teams .
Many cost models use the concept of product size as the prime driver for cost estimation but our experience has shown that the supplied quality of components and the required quality of the integrated systems are becoming the dominant factors affecting the costs and time scales of many projects today . ICL has undertaken an experiment using an alternative life cycle model , known as the Cellular Manufacturing Process Model ( CMPM ) , which describes how a product is integrated from its constituent components . The experiment has helped to develop a method and sets of metrics to improve cost estimation and project tracking .
RC++ is based on OPS5 ( Forgy , 81 ) and Poprulebase , a rule-based extension to the Pop-11 programming language . It combines optimised execution associated with OPS5 with the syntactical style and some of the useful features of Poprulebase . It is designed to facilitate the rapid creation of game AI by automating many of the common programming tasks associated with creating game rules , while maintaining the flexibility of C and C++ when required .
After a introduction to the production planning system of an oil refinery , the preference degree and factor relationship graph are defined , on the basis of which the hierarchical analysis model is designed to summarize the fuzzy factors in the process of decision inference . The inference system is implemented in OPS5 . A real factor relationship graph is given in this paper .
A rule-based system ( RBS ) , also known as production system , is a more elegant choice for implementing a GIS , since RBSs address the need to capture , represent , store , and reason about human knowledge on the basis of conditional if-then rules . This paper describes the implementation of a GIS using OPS5 , a production system language . For the prototype , a medium-sized city , with two rivers , a lake , a railway track , different categories of roads , buildings , and offices , was chosen .
Empirical study of several OPS5 programs has shown that TREAT performs 30 percent to 50 percent less comparisons when searching for variable bindings than the RETE match . The analysis of several TREAT-OPS5 implementations , both sequential and parallel , shows that there is little rule parallelism available in OPS5 programs . The PM-level distribution of rules in a DADO machine is a natural way to organize rule-based systems .
We examine the problem of predicting the timing behavior of knowledge-based systems for real-time applications . In particular , we describe a suite of tools which analyze OPS5 programs to understand their timing properties . First , a graphical representation of an OPS5 program is defined and evaluated .
These conditions are then used to correct the problem by adding extra rules to the original program . Third , another tool is introduced to aid timing analysis of OPS5 programs . This tool generates a set of test data which maximize the program execution time .
This paper shows that QLISP can easily encode most sources of parallelism in OPS5 that have been previously discussed in literature . This is significant because the OPS5 interpreter is the first large program to be encoded in QLISP , and as a result , this is the first practical demonstration of the expressive power of QLISP . The paper also lists the most commonly used QLISP constructs in the parallel implementation ( and the contexts in which they are used ) , which serve as a hint to the QLISP implementor about what to optimize .
OPS5 is an expert system tool We improved OPS5 interpreter in oder to support Multi Windows In this paper , The method and principle of improved OPS5 interpreter are introduced
This transmit-only bus is implemented by a memory-mapped scheme which permits the rule processors to be decoded in parallel . All OPS5 rule matching processes and most of the processes associated with conflict resolution are executed by the parallel rule processors . The host performs the tasks associated with the firing of a rule selected by the conflict resolution process .
A matching algorithm for DBCond uses the relational structures to efficiently identify rules whose antecedents are satisfied . The performance of DBCond is compared with that of DBRete , a DBMS implementation of the Rete match algorithm developed for use with the production rule language OPS5 . DBCond is also compared with DBQuery , a method that is based on evaluating queries corresponding to the conditions in the antecedents of the rules .
It first presents a parallel production system interpreter that has been implemented on a four-processor multiprocessor . This parallel interpreter is based on Forgy 's OPS5 interpreter and exploits production-level parallelism in production systems . Runs on the multiprocessor system indicate that it is possible to obtain speed-up of around 1.7 in the match computation for certain production systems when productions are split into three sets that are processed in parallel .
Practical results are presented and discussed . The error recovery system was implemented in OPS5/VMS on a VAX 750 and tested for two cases . The first one is an electrical signaling relay subassembly ; the second one is a weapon subassembly .
The analysis predicts an execution rate of more than 850 production firings per second using hardware comparable in cost to a VAX 11/780 . By way of comparison , a LISP-based OPS5 interpreter running on a VAX 11/780 typically fires 1 to 5 rules per second , while a Bliss-based interpreter executes 5 to 12 rules per second .
It is shown that by assuming a common model of SIMD ( single-instruction-stream , multiple-data-stream ) computing and extending the OPS5 production system formalism to take advantage of the SIMD model , an entirely new class of problems lends itself to solution through the intuitive use of a parallel production system ( PPS ) language . The PPS allows actions on the right-hand sides of a rule to act on classes of working memory elements instead of using the single-element-per-action scheme of OPS5 .
It is felt that these extensions represent a considerable enhancement of the expressiveness of the present language , with little modification to existing implementations . They are felt to be in keeping with the OPS5 programming style , and , in addition , would preserve compatibilty with existing OPS5 code .
This article analyses two production lines . LP01 – a production line which produces only one product and LP02 which produces many different products . The authors ’ research method was employed - based on the analysis of i.e. : tact time , productivity and the level of machine exploitation , profit margin .
Abstract“Factory physics principles ” provided a method to evaluate the performance of a simple production line , whose fundamental parameters are known or given . However , it is difficult to obtain the exact and reasonable parameters in actual manufacturing environment , especially for the complex chipset assembly & test production line ( CATPL ) .
The present invention relates to automatic detection device , and in particular to optical , mechanical and electronic integration detects Mechanical Parts Size device . It includes Light Electronic Control System , product production line and substandard product eliminating system , Light Electronic Control System is connected by data control line with photoelectric controller by composite light source scanner , electronic timer is connected with photoelectric controller again , wherein substandard product eliminating system is to be provided with substandard product container by magnet coil air valve side , substandard product eliminating system is placed in detected product both sides , and the air blast that the puff prot for so being controlled by magnet coil air valve sprays is so that underproof product is fallen into substandard product container from automatic transmission belt . The present invention has used light , mechanical , electrical integrated technology , and the labour intensity of detection technique personnel can be greatly reduced , and realizes the automation of detection , and serialization , detection data is reliable and stable .
The invention relates to an automation detecting device , in particular to a photoelectrically controlled industrial weighing device which comprises a photoelectric control system , a product production line and a weighing system . The photoelectrically controlled industrial weighing device is characterized in that the photoelectric control system comprises a light-emitting gun and a photoelectric sensor , wherein the photoelectric sensor is connected with a lifting controller and a photoelectric controller by a data control line ; the product production line is formed in such a way that an empty box inlet passage and a box outlet passage are installed on a rotating platform and the rotating platform is connected with the photoelectric controller ; and the weighing system is provided with a scale and a box at both sides of a fulcrum , provided with the lifting controller beside a lever and provided with an upper blanking plate under the lifting controller .
According to the low-power consumption two-dimensional FDCT method , in a low-power-consumption perspective , multiply operation conducted during traditional DCT is omitted , the periodical rotation characteristic of a cosine factor is utilized , and the low-power consumption two-dimensional FDCT method is based on shifting accumulating units of shared product factors . By the adoption of the low-power-consumption two-dimensional FDCT method , through sharing the product factors in a cosine coefficient matrix , the operation amount of two-dimensional FDCT is reduced to the greatest extent , and the purpose of reducing power consumption is achieved ; coding of eight-digit pixel data can be achieved within a single clock ultimately , simultaneous data input is not required , and the performance of a circuit is greatly improved by the adoption of the production line concept . The low-power-consumption two-dimensional FDCT method has the advantages that the power consumption is low and the performance is high .
The goal is the eliminate waste by transforming those activities in added value tasks . The first step has been the study and description of the production line process , based on the manufacturing sequence and execution times , as well as the description of the tools and tasks assigned to each worker . These parameters allowed the establishment of a list of operations that has been the base of the standard work methodology application .
The present invention discloses a calculation system of a crushing and screening production line . The calculation system comprises a material database , a type selection calculation module , and a correction optimization module , wherein the type selection calculation module is connected between the material database and the correction optimization module , the material database is provided for a sampling test and field environment simulation , the type selection calculation module reads data from the material database , initially identifies the crushing segment number and the machine type , and simulates and calculates a machine production line process , and the correction optimization module is based on order requirements and combined with the production line process of the type selection calculation module to optimize the data . With the calculation system of the present invention , a calculation time is shortened , and calculation accuracy is improved .
This article presents the second version of the APPLIES framework as well as the second iteration of the evaluation of this approach . This evaluation consisted of ( i ) a workshop with a practitioner who had experience in adopting the product line production approach and ; ( ii ) a review of the content by five product line experts . The results obtained from the evaluation resulted in modifications to the framework content , mainly to simplify the statements and eliminate redundant elements .
A oct-tree and LOD based structure is employed to reduce computation during visualization and interaction , and parallelized algorithms of organizing data based on GPU and multi-threads are designed to accelerate the pre-processing . A production line based algorithm is introduced to make full use of I/O interface to reduce the waiting time for loading data in interaction . All algorithms are designed under the frame of general layered heterogeneous model , making sure of the ease for use and portability .
Since the mid-1970s , a large number of visual inspection systems and algorithms for industrial inspection have been developed . To be acceptable in industry , vision systems must be inexpensive , within the speed of the production-line flow , and very accurate . Furthermore the system should be flexible enough to accommodate changes in products .
This allows each sub-assembly of a VIRUS unit to be interchangeable amongst all other VIRUS units . A production line manufacturing procedure will enable various sub-assemblies to be built and tested in parallel . Examples of alignment and assembly fixtures required for the VIRUS manufacturing process include a camera mirror alignment system , a collimator structure assembly device , a collimator mirror mounting tool , and a grating alignment system .
The full-automatic medical detection system is characterized in that a clinical-laboratory information system is used for finishing downloading of data of patients from a hospital information system , testing request information , and uploading the states of a specimen in all modules , the shelf-number position of the specimen , an analysis result and communication condition ; a specimen transporting system adopts personalized connection equipment according to the characteristics of instrument and equipment of all clinical laboratories so as to achieve the optimal specimen transferring and farthest detection efficiency ; a pre-processing system is used for pre-processing a specimen sample ; an analysis system is used for inspecting and analyzing the specimen sample ; an analysis and afterprocessing output system is used for rechecking and inspecting the specimen , sequencing the arrived specimen shelves , carrying out indexing management on the sequenced specimen shelves , covering , refrigerating and storing specimen and outputting an inspection result to a computer . The full-automatic medical detection system disclosed by the invention has the advantages that all independent automatic instruments in the clinical laboratories are connected in series by logistic transferring equipment , and under the leading control of information flow , the combination of production line operation is formed , so that the automation degree is high .
Levelt ( 1989 ) , incorporating previous work from Krashen ( 1982 ) and others , made the monitor an essential part of his speech production model . His concept of the monitor saw its basic function in checking the pre-verbal and verbal language output ; in case a speech error is detected the monitor would immediately stop language production processes and go back to a previous step in the language production process . Other influential models also assume monitors ( MacKay , 1987 ; Levelt , 1989 ; Schade , 1999 ) .
The patient 's pattern of anomia revealed a severe lexical – phonological impairment and his ERP responses diverged from those of healthy controls in the time window that has previously been associated with lexical – phonological processes during picture naming . Given that his prestroke ERPs were indistinguishable from those of healthy controls , it seems highly likely that the change in his poststroke ERPs is due to changes in language production processes as a consequence of stroke . The patient 's neurolinguistic deficits , combined with the ERPs results , provide unique evidence for the role of left temporal cortex in lexical – phonological processing from about 250 to 450 msec during word production .
In two experiments , subjects named pictures that had multiple acceptable names under conditions that manipulated how soon subjects ' attentional resources would be available to engage in word selection . Results show that speakers are more likely to use uncommon labels when word selection is delayed by another task , indicating that the attentional requirements of language production processes affect their outcome . Study 3 investigates the predictions that comprehenders make about upcoming words , specifically focusing on whether words that are semantically related to a best sentence completion are pre-activated or inhibited ( or neither ) .
The method includes steps of starting an industrial digital camera and an embedded processor ; sequentially writing V-COM ( common electrode voltage ) values into a V-COM chip of the liquid crystal module according to an ascending order of an effective V-COM range , and enabling the industrial digital camera to acquire n pictures when each V-COM value is written into the V-COM chip ; performing matrix processing on the n pictures corresponding to each V-COM value to obtain matrix data M , M , M , M , ... , and M ; computing flicker point scale values K according to the matrix data ; writing the flicker point scale values K and the corresponding V-COM values into a storage unit of the embedded processor ; reading the minimum value K in the storage unit of the embedded processor , and writing the V-COM value corresponding to the minimum value K into a storage of the V-COM chip of the liquid crystal module to complete adjustment on the Auto-Flicker of the liquid crystal module . The method has the advantages that Flicker of a liquid crystal module production line can be automatically adjusted , images can be acquired in an integral display area of the liquid crystal module , and the display performance of the integral display area can be represented .
Finally , simulation model of optimized production line of liquid-crystal module is established , and the simulation results show that the workload for each station basic at 80 % , improving the utilization rate of hours . The cycle time of the optimized liquid crystal module production line is 18 seconds . The production line balance rate is 85.56 % , increasing by 25 % .
Mass customization in production and operations management , a process of integrating mass production/standardization principles with customization , seems to be gaining momentum in the United States as well as all over the world . Major companies like Dell , Motorola , Hewlett-Packard , General Motors , Ford , Chrysler , Toyota , Proctor and Gamble , and others are experimenting and also effectively implementing this process in their production and operations facilities .
They actively support the production processes ( when they will be produced , with what parameters , what materials should be produced , where it should be delivered , when , what modifications , etc . ) . In this environment and these conditions the logistical component has a qualitatively new dimension adapted to meet these new requirements imposed by the innovative development - namely , to be in constant optimal contact with the production cyber system .
The setting is motivated by cancer invasion mediated by interactions with the tumor microenvironment , but has much wider applicability , being able to comprise descriptions of biologically quite different problems . As a main mathematical feature consituting a core difference to both classical Keller-Segel chemotaxis systems and Chaplain-Lolas type chemotaxis-haptotaxis systems , the considered model accounts for certain types of indirect signal production mechanisms . The main results assert unique global classical solvability under suitably mild assumptions on the system parameter functions in associated spatially two-dimensional initial-boundary value problems .
Among other things , this is explained by the high clinical expense for such work . The latter can be reduced decisively by using high-strength hard core ceramics and CAD/CAM production . The preparation corresponds largely to the preparation in metal-ceramic work .
In this paper , we analyze the efficiency of a given robot movement schedule for the case of a flow shop robotic production cell withm different machines , one input conveyor , and one output conveyor . We begin with the case of one-robot cells and extend our results to multirobot cells .
An optimal production and setup scheduling model is discussed in an inflexible manufacturing system with jump Markov disturbances consisting of a single machine . The system can produce several types of products , but at any given time it can only produce one type of product .
Based on traditional production systems and the member system model , the paper puts forward a concurrent production system ( CUPS ) . This CUPS is described by outlining its syntax , basic structure of a member , working principle of the interpreter , and compatibility with OPS5 .
One Time Password which is fixed length strings to perform authentication in electronic media is used as a one-time . In this paper , One Time Password production methods which based on hash functions were investigated . Keccak digest algorithm was used for the production of One Time Password .
The objective of this research is to implement the lean techniques over CNC machine cells with standardization and line balancing for reduction of overall lead time . The methodology used for this research is a combination of traditional lean system with ZF production system . The analysis was carried out over CNC machine cells with the objective of standardization and line balancing of the cells .
In introducing the lean production , the ZF KAMA , LLC personnel has undergone both quantitative and qualitative changes ( http://www.zf.com/russia/ru_ru/corporate/company_corporate/zf_in_country_corporate/zf_kam a/index.html).The need to develop and implement projects aimed at improving the efficiency and increasing the productivity is associated with the need to ensure the modern enterprise 's high competitiveness and to enhance the global competition in traditional sales markets ( Kuzmin , 2007 ) . One of the effective tools to achieve such goals is the ZF Production System ( hereinafter referred to as the " ZF PS " ) - the production system of Zahnradfabrik GmbH. In 2011 , as part of the project " Go 4 ZF " implementation of the unified production system ZF Production System started . The aim of creating the unified production system for all ZF locations is to combine the best experience of all production systems , as well as to create a common standard that is the basis for improvement .
A t-chart for Monitoring Multi-variety and Small Batch Production Run RFID in the automation of the production line design Incremental deformation: A literature review The Supervisory Control of Automated Manufacturing Systems : A Discrete Event Systems Approach CONSIDERATION ON FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING CELL MODELING WITH TIMED COLOURED PETRI NETS Towards user-oriented programming of skill-based Automation Systems using a domain-specific Meta-Modeling Approach Generátor pilotních signálů zvuku systémů PAL B, G, D, K A Flexible Manufacturing Facility for Teaching and Development of Advanced Manufacturing Techniques Bridging gaps in cloud manufacturing with 3D printing Development of an Automated Flexible Micro-Soldering Station Optimization and Mathematical Programming to Design and Planning Issues in Cellular Manufacturing Systems under Uncertain Situations Development of informatized workbench by use of tangible user interface Some Constraints, Fallacies and Solutions in Gt Applications Using a design by features CAD system for process capability modelling The Future of Batch Manufacture [and Discussion] The cellular manufacturing evolution Focused cellular manufacturing: an alternative to cellular manufacturing Manufacturing cell formation by state-space search Simulation of a new cellular manufacturing facility for the SSC particle accelerator A Study of Self-Organization in a Production Environment Planning and Control of Healthcare Services An experiment to improve cost estimation and project tracking for software and systems integration projects RC++: a rule-based language for game AI The Preference Degree Comprehensive Inference System Design of a geographic information system using OPS5 Conclusions and Future Research A graph-based approach for timing analysis and refinement of OPS5 knowledge-based systems Parallel Execlltion of OPSS in QLISP An improvement on OPS5 interpreter to support multi windows Parallel architecture for OPS5 Coupling Production Systems and Database Systems: A Homogeneous Approach Partitioning in parallel processing of production systems Rule based procedures for diagnosis and error recovery Execution of OPS5 Production Systems on a Massively Parallel Machine A parallel production system extending OPS5 Adding meta rules to OPS5 a proposed extension THE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION LINES BOTTLENECKS – IDENTIFICATION AND WAYS OF MANAGEMENT Performance Evaluation and Improvement of Chipset Assembly & Test Production Line Based on Variability Optical, mechanical and electronic integration detects Mechanical Parts Size device Photoelectrically controlled industrial weighing device Low-power-consumption two-dimensional FDCT method Balanceamento de uma linha de montagem na Adira S.A. Calculation system of crushing and screening production line Evaluating Company's Readiness for Adopting Product Line Engineering: a Second Evaluation Round Parallel Visualization Based on Heterogeneous Computation Resources Flexible automatic visual inspection based on the separation of detection and analysis Development of VIRUS alignment and assembly fixtures Full-automatic medical detection system Monitoring in Speech Production and Second Language Acquisition การตรวจสอบในการผลิตคำพูดและการรับรู้ภาษาที่สอง ERP Correlates of Word Production before and after Stroke in an Aphasic Patient The future is now : : effects of planning ahead in word production and comprehension Method for automatically adjusting Auto-Flicker of liquid crystal module on basis of machine vision Optimizing Production Line Balance Based on Witness Simulation Mass customization in operations management: oxymoron or reality? THE TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL LOGISTICS Does indirectness of signal production reduce the explosion-supporting potential in chemotaxis-haptotaxis systems? Global classical solvability in a class of models for cancer invasion (and more). Clinical aspects of all-ceramic CAD/CAM restorations. Schedule efficiency in a robotic production cell A finite horizon scheduling model based on optimal inventory A concurrent production system (CUPS) HMAC based one tıme password generator Execution of Lean and ZF Production System in Manufacturing Line for Productivity Enrichment - A Case Study Development of the Procurement Principles and Management System of the «Lean Production» Technology
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INDIN GI-Jahrestagung Winter Simulation Conference EUROMICRO GAME-ON ISCA ICPR SIU
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