It is built on top of the Java-based Jini technology , which provides a common platform and a service-based lookup system . P‐GRADE is an interactive , graphical software development tool , designed to build distributed parallel programs using message passing for communication . It is based on the GRAPNEL hybrid language , which uses graphics to describe communication topology , main control structures and communication actions , while sequential computations can be written in an arbitrary programming language . A literal port of a good quality shared-memory implementation ( merely replacing shared arrays with partitioned global arrays ) achieves abysmal performance — more than 1000 times worse than a message-passing implementation . We achieve in UPC a performance comparable to message-passing with a series of optimizations . Most of these optimizations could be performed with limited changes in the source code using an enhanced run-time and a few language extensions or pragmas . The general definition of particles paradigm , comprises the broad range of techniques , which use particles as basic objects . The main features of particles paradigm ; simplicity , decomposition ability , and message-passing communication model — represented by physical term “ interactions ” — make it very attractive as a universal tool for solving many problems on parallel platform . In the paper , the particles approach for the global minimum search is discussed . Automatic Differentiation by program transformation uses static data-flow analysis to produce efficient code . This data-flow analysis must be adapted for parallel programs with Message-Passing communication . Starting from a context-sensitive and flow-sensitive data-flow analysis scheme initially devised for sequential codes , we extend this scheme for parallel codes . To detect communities in such an HMRNet , the problem is formulated as a maximum a posterior ( MAP ) over a factor graph . Finally a message passing based algorithm is derived to find a best solution of the MAP problem . Evaluation on both synthetic and real-world networks confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method . In this work , we propose a new bilinear recovery algorithm based on AMP with unitary transformation . It is shown that , compared to the state-of-the-art message passing based algorithms , the proposed algorithm is much more robust and faster , leading to remarkably better performance . We propose polynomial-time message-passing based algorithms , one of which is guaranteed to yield a solution that is within a constant fraction of the optimal solution and is also asymptotically optimal in the limit as the number of subcarriers in the system goes to infinity . The message-passing based algorithm is also extended to solve the resource allocation problem over a multi-cell uplink in a distributed fashion . Our algorithms account for finite input alphabets and non-ideal practical outer codes . The aim of this series of workshops is to develop and implement a standard for message passing on distributed memory concurrent computers , thereby making it easier to develop efficient , portable application codes for such machines . The report discusses the main issues raised in the CRPC workshop , and describes proposed desirable features of a message passing standard for distributed memory environments . Abstract Message passing is the most efficient and most general programming paradigm currently used on parallel machines with distributed memory . In the absence of a message passing standard the broad variety of vendor-specific interfaces inhibits the portability of application programs . The PARMACS library which is presented in this paper defines a portability layer which has been implemented on most MIMD computers , ranging from MPP systems to workstation networks . The integration of concurrency and object-orientation is a new prosperous field . MPI is a message-passing standard and has been adopted by more and more people . This paper proposes a concurrent object-oriented model based on MPI in which asynchronous message-passing is adopted between concurrent objects . If the queue list managing the subproblem executed by simplex algorithm is empty , the incumbent is the optimal solution . We applied parallel programming to the search using a bread ... A task parallel programming model is regarded as one of the promising parallel programming models with dynamic load balancing . Since this model supports hierarchical parallelism , it is suitable for parallel divide-and-conquer algorithms . What can such an approach offer beyond merely replicating , in a more labor intensive way , the services and coverage of data parallel languages ? We investigate these questions via a simple example and a “ real world ” case study developed using C-Linda , an explicit parallel programming language formed by the merger of C with the Linda 1 coordination language . The results demonstrate owner-computes is an effective design strategy in Linda . Any parallel programming language provides a model of parallelism , which is accepted implicitly when programming directly in the language . We propose a more flexible approach to models of parallelism : in our methodology , the program is derived in a sequence of steps , where the algorithm version in each step incorporates just one decision and is based on a specific model of parallelism called an abstract parallel machine chosen to be suitable for that step . A New Consistency Model for Distributed Transactional Memory . Transactional memory ( TM ) is a parallel programming concept . Existing consistency protocols in distributed transactional memory system consume too much bandwidth and bring high latency . In this paper , we propose the architecture of a Web-based interface for the improvement of accessibility to computational resources on a cluster system . If using the Web-based interface implemented by this architecture , scientists who want to do a scientific simulation or a theoretical calculation requiring very high performance and using parallel programming concept can use the computational resources on the cluster system easier than shell interface or something likes the text-based interface . Of course , for users who are familiar with such a text-based interface , shell environment through the Web is also provided by virtual network computing technology . The project deals with implementation of Floyd Warshall Algorithm i.e All Pair Shortest Path . This algorithm is implemented using parallel programming concept for faster solution . This is a research based project in which the serial and parallel computations are compared . The central question ad dressed in this study is : Do such languages allow the parallelism available in the applications to be ex pressed so that the underlying compilation systems are able to generate efficient code for the specified parallelism ? Our experiments on Intel 's iPSC/860 distributed- memory multiprocessor indicate that the Fortran D lan guage and its compilation system can exploit the par allelism that exists in computations related to reservoir modeling , provided that the code is written in data- parallel programming style . Additional experiments show that other machines and their compilation sys tems can also exploit the compile time information available for programs written in a data-parallel pro gramming style . General-purpose computation using GPU ( GPGPU ) has been a focus of attention because of its performance , but the difficulity of GPGPU programming is a problem . So we have proposed GPGPU programming style using existing parallel programming style . In this paper , we implemented OMPCUDA OpenMP for CUDA-capable GPU , for explore a possibilities of GPGPU using OpenMP . There are several ways to write a parallel program . The parallel programming style depends on the architecture of the parallel machine , including the programming environment , the operating system , and the computer hardware . In this chapter we briefly introduce the three frequently used programming models for multiprocessor systems , shown on three examples of programming environments . is , unifying classes which simulated on each other and run in asymptotically equivalent time . aim being for any of four parallel be applicable to single , unified class the properties of four classes , so forming the basis a universal model of in the parallel machine in the parallel programming the programming paradigm applicable over the unified of architectures . The noise suites include coherent and incoherent Gaussian noise , impulsive noise , and continental shelf reverberation . This project is of interest from parallel programming viewpoint because it uses the Paragon a true Multiple Instruction Multiple Data ( MIND ) machine with three types of nodes : l)a Manager node , 2)tar- et nodes , and 3)Hydrophone nodes . The target nodes are responsible for generating the signal suites1 transient nose , and the coherent noise . Transactional memory is a promising parallel programming way for multi-core processors , however it costs a lot . Using Bloom Filter to detect shared variable access conflicts between transactions is an effective way to lower cost overhead . Allocating and reclaiming descriptors introduces significant space and time overhead . We introduce the first descriptor abstract data type ( ADT ) , which captures the usage of descriptors by lock-free algorithms . We then develop a weak descriptor ADT which has weaker semantics , but can be implemented significantly more efficiently . Wait-free implementations have been notoriously hard to design and often inefficient . In this work we present a transformation of lock-free algorithms to wait-free ones allowing even a non-expert to transform a lock-free data-structure into a practical wait-free one . The transformation requires that the lock-free data structure is given in a normalized form defined in this work . In this paper , we present a performance model for analyzing lock-free algorithms that studies the effects of slowdowns on performance . We find that lock-free algorithms are better than locking algorithms if the slowdowns are transient , but worse if the slowdowns are permanent . One implication of this result is that lock-free concurrent objects are appropriate for UMA architectures , but NUMA architectures require special protocols . While some of these patterns are implemented using synchronization primitives , others avoid them by means of lock‐free data mechanisms . However , lock‐free programming is not straightforward , ensuring an appropriate use of their interfaces can be challenging , since different memory models plus instruction reordering at compiler/processor levels can interfere in the occurrence of data races . The benefits of race detectors are formidable in this sense ; however , they may emit false positives if are unaware of the underlying lock‐free structure semantics . It is a new implementation of the jack server core features that aims in removing some limitations of the current design . The activation system has been changed for a data flow model and lock-free programming techniques for graph access have been used to have a more dynamic and robust system . We present the new design and the implementation for MacOSX . Reclaiming dynamically allocated memory blocks of data structures has always been a big issue , because they can be accessed , removed , or freed by any parallel processes . In lock-free programming the problem becomes even more complicated ; because no process is allowed to wait for others . Automatic memory reclamation , or garbage collection , can free programmers from such a challenging task by safely reclaiming memory blocks that are no longer used . It allows reclaimed memory to be returned to the operating system . In addition , it offers a lock-free solution for the ABA problem using only practical single-word instructions . Our experimental results on a multiprocessor system show that the new methodology offers equal and , more often , significantly better performance than other memory management methods , in addition to its qualitative advantages regarding memory reclamation and independence of special hardware support . In this paper we present a GPGPU approach of implementing SBO in OpenCL . We provide a lock-free solution that ensures full-occupancy of the GPU by following the map-reduce model for the sparse-coding stage and by making use of the Partitioned Global Address Space ( PGAS ) model for developing parallel dictionary updates . The resulting implementation achieves a favourable trade-off between algorithm complexity and data representation quality compared to PAK-SVD which is the standard overcomplete dictionary learning approach . Two major performance critical components for designing CGC are studied in this paper , stack scanning and heap compaction . Since the lock-based algorithms do not scale well , we present a lock-free solution for constructing a highly concurrent garbage collector . We adopt CAS/MCAS synchronization primitives to guarantee that the programs will never be blocked by the collector thread while the garbage collection process is ongoing . An interesting but challenging alternative is to use lock-free data structures and atomic operations to guarantee thread safety . We present LRMalloc , a lock-free memory allocator that leverages lessons of modern memory allocators and combines them with a lock-free scheme . Current state-of-the-art memory allocators possess good performance but lack desirable lock-free properties , such as , guarantees of systemwide progress , priority inversion tolerance , kill-tolerance availability , and/or deadlock and livelock immunity . This paper presents LRMalloc , a lock-free memory allocator that leverages lessons of modern memory allocators and combines them with a lock-free scheme . Current state-of-the-art memory allocators possess good performance but lack desirable lock-free properties , such as , priority inversion tolerance , kill-tolerance availability , and/or deadlock and livelock immunity . Our partitioner aims to overcome some of the challenges arising due to the irregular nature of the algorithm , and memory constraints on GPUs . We present a lock-free scheme since fine-grained synchronization among thousands of GPU threads imposes too high a performance overhead . Experimental results demonstrate that our partitioner outperforms serial and parallel MPI-based partitioners . In our performance evaluation we compare our algorithm with the most efficient non-blocking implementation of dictionaries known . The experimental results clearly show that our algorithm outperforms the other lockfree algorithm for dictionaries with realistic sizes , both on fully concurrent as well as pre-emptive systems . With upcoming clusters containing tens-of-thousands of cores , InfiniBand is a popular interconnect on these clusters , due to its low latency ( 1.5 musec ) and high bandwidth ( 1.5 GB/sec ) . Since most scientific applications running on these clusters are written using the message passing interface ( MPI ) as the parallel programming model , the MPI library plays a key role in the performance and scalability of the system . Nearly all MPIs implemented over InfiniBand currently use the reliable connection ( RC ) transport of InfiniBand to implement message passing . The domain of interest ( unstructured grid ) was partitioned into a number of balanced subdomains using the ParMETIS library . The message passing interface ( MPI ) system was used to perform parallel computation and communication between the processors . A parallel high performance aerodynamics code ( HiPAC ) was developed . This paper proposes an analysis of environmental information in relation with extended simulation capabilities . This approach uses a cellular automata model integrated with Geographic Information System ( GIS ) taking advantages of parallel computing resources operated using the Message Passing Interface ( MPI ) framework . Resilient applications often use rollback recovery techniques for fault tolerance : particularly popular are checkpoint/restart ( C/R ) techniques . HPC applications commonly use the Message Passing Interface ( MPI ) standard for communication . This thesis identifies a complete set of capabilities that compose to form a coordinated C/R infrastructure for MPI applications running on HPC systems . Results are presented for two-dimensional and three-dimensional viscous cases . The Message Passing Interface ( MPI ) protocol is used , because of its portability to various parallel architectures . Parallel computing is one of the most available approaches to solve this problem . Using binary-tree theory , we present in this study a common parallel computing framework based on the message passing interface ( MPI ) protocol for modeling hydrological processes of river basins . A practical and dynamic spatial domain decomposition method , based on the binary-tree structure of the drainage network , is proposed . A parallel approach of multifocus image fusion is proposed . Most of parallelization techniques for image processing and image fusion presented in literature are based on the use of graphic processor ( GPU ) computing power or the message passing interface ( MPI ) paradigm . Quite a few are exploiting the capabilities offered by the multi-core processors . Parallel programming paradigms to support multi models in cluster and Grid environment , such as Master/Slave , Divide and Conquer , Phase Parallel and so forth this paper proposes a Master/Group/Slave programming model-JOGR with which we can realize data allocation and load balance dynamically in cluster environment . Furthermore , based on WebService technology and Java language , we focus on the implementation of JOGR.Experimental results show that JOGR can provide effective support for developing and running parallel programs . Special emphasis was placed on the role of high-performance processing to solve real-life problems in all areas , including scientific , engineering and multidisciplinary applications and strategies , experiences and conclusions made with respect to parallel computing . The book contains papers covering : Applications - the application of parallel computers to solve computationally challenging problems in the physical and life sciences , engineering , industry and commerce ; Algorithms - design , analysis and implementation of generic parallel algorithms , including their scalability , in particular to a large number of processors ( MPP ) , portability and adaptability ; and , Software and Architectures - software engineering for developing and maintaining parallel software , including parallel programming models and paradigms , development environments , compile-time and run-time tools . A number of symposia on specialized topics formed part of the scientific program . Scalable parallelizations are possible if the base mechanisms provided by the run-time support ( for inter-thread/inter-process synchronization/communication ) are carefully designed and developed on top of parallel architectures . This requires a deep knowledge of the hardware behavior and the interaction patterns used by the parallelism paradigms . In this paper we present our experience in developing efficient inter-thread interaction mechanisms on the Tilera TILEPro64 network processor . The availability of a comprehensive software infrastructure is essential for the success of a parallel architecture . In order to allow for the greatest possible flexibility , an infrastructure has to be designed in an integrated , easy-to-use manner and with the support of multiple parallel programming paradigms and models to address a wide code base . Shared Memory in a LAN-like Environment ( SMiLE ) provides such an infrastructure for SCI ( Scalable Coherent Interface ) based clusters . This work addresses the generation of parallel on-chip heterogeneous systems starting from high-level code with explicit parallelism , based on a custom compiler and a high-level synthesis flow . Blending parallel software programming paradigms with high-level synthesis introduces a range of challenges at both the architectural level and the programming paradigm level , particularly involving the mismatches between the semantics of general high-level parallel code and the coding style imposed by high-level synthesis for FPGAs . We addressed these challenges by introducing some transformations of the source code to adapt it to the underlying hardware synthesis process , and devising a few innovative architectural solutions for supporting OpenMP functionalities . The performance study of the parallel code is made . The results show that OpenMP is easy to use and a very efficient parallel programming tool for the present problem . This special issue reports on the SICSA multicore challenge , which commenced in 2010 and remains an ongoing activity . The aim is to produce a comparative evaluation of a range of standard parallel programming tools and techniques on a representative set of parallelizable problems , executing on commodity multicore platforms . In this introductory article , we outline contemporary multicore computing trends that give rise to the challenge in Section 2 . This paper presents an overview of the " Applied Parallel Computing " course taught to final year Software Engineering undergraduate students in Spring 2014 at NUST , Pakistan . The main objective of the course was to introduce practical parallel programming tools and techniques for shared and distributed memory concurrent systems . A unique aspect of the course was that Java was used as the principle programming language . This case study describes the enablement of a parallel application on Cornell Theory Center ' 's KSR1 , a highly parallel machine from Kendall Square Research . The application is from statistics , and exposes some interesting facets of the KSR as well as some parallel programming tools and techniques . Statistics are a novel application area for supercomputing , at least at the Cornell Theory Center . The organization and structure of the system software are also mentioned . The design of system diagnosis and monitor , system management , parallel programming environment and tools , and parallel debugger is described in detail . Finally , the existing issues of the system software of the MPP system are analyzed . In this paper , we describe the model of EPAS and also discuss some of the recent usability and performance studies . The studies demonstrate that EPAS is a practical and usable parallel programming model and tool . Although vendors of HPC platforms usually offer debugging and performance tools in some form , it is desirable to have the same interface across multiple platforms so that the user does not have to learn a different tool for each platform . Furthermore , a tool should have an easy-to-use interface that intuitively supports the debugging and performance analysis tasks the user needs to carry out , as well as the parallel programming language and paradigm being used . This paper describes a survey and evaluation of cross-platform debugging and performance analysis tools . HeNCE ( Heterogeneous Network Computing Environment ) is a parallel programming paradigm and tool which supports the creation , compilation , execution , debugging , and analysis of parallel programs for a heterogeneous group of computers . The HeNCE programmer specifies the parallelism of a computation by drawing a graph describing the dependencies between user defined procedures . The subject of this paper is the development of artificial neural network software , using parallel programming techniques and tools ( CUDA ) . The goal was to create a C library so it will be used conveniently in different dataset with reduced complexity for the user . This report demonstrates how GENESIS ’ load balancing supported by process migration improves the execution performance of an MPI application . The significance of this report is in demonstrating how these services can enhance parallel programming tools to improve performance and how future parallel programming tool design could take advantage of these services . We present a new parallel programming tool environment that is ( 1 ) accessible and executable " anytime , anywhere , " through standard Web browsers and ( 2 ) integrated in that it provides tools that adhere to a common underlying methodology for parallel programming and performance tuning . The environment is based on a new network computing infrastructure , developed at Purdue University . In the IBM and Compaq systems , each node 's memory forms a separate address space , and tasks communicate between nodes by passing messages or using other explicit mechanisms . Many large parallel codes use standard MPI calls to exchange data between tasks in a parallel job , and this is a natural programming model for distributed memory architectures . On a shared memory architecture , message passing is unnecessary if the code is written to use multithreading : threads run in parallel on different processors , more » and they exchange data simply by reading and writing shared memory locations . T his article reflects on the instructional design of introductory programming courses ( CS1 ) and promotes awareness of several related threads of research , including work on looping constructs , program composition , natural programming , and abstraction . We eavesdrop on a conversation between two imaginary computing educators , Walter White and Tom " Duke " Martin , who revisit the venerable debate on loop exits . Providing a unified remote computation capability in ICN presents some unique challenges , among which are timer management , client authorization , and binding to state held by servers , while maintaining the advantages of ICN protocol designs like CCN and NDN . In this paper we present a unified approach to remote function invocation in ICN that exploits the attractive ICN properties of name-based routing , receiver-driven flow and congestion control , flow balance , and object-oriented security while presenting a natural programming model to the application developer . The task frame formalism allows the programmer to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional robot oriented assembly programming , moving the programmer 's focus on the robot task . Additionally skill primitives contribute to a more natural programming paradigm . In this paper a robot control architecture is presented that implements both of these concepts providing a framework to easily implement new control features . The NAS Parallel Benchmarks ( NPB ) are well-known applications with fixed algorithms for evaluating parallel systems and tools . Multicore clusters provide a natural programming paradigm for hybrid programs , whereby OpenMP can be used with the data sharing with the multicores that comprise a node , and MPI can be used with the communication between nodes . In this paper , we use Scalar Pentadiagonal ( SP ) and Block Tridiagonal ( BT ) benchmarks of MPI NPB 3.3 as a basis for a comparative approach to implement hybrid MPI/OpenMP versions of SP and BT . MyProLang is a blend of five elements . A proprietary natural programming language with unsophisticated grammatical rules and expressive syntax ; automation templates that automate the generation of instructions and thereby minimizing the learning and training time ; an NLG engine to generate natural instructions ; a source-to-source compiler that analyzes , parses , and build executables ; and an ergonomic IDE that houses diverse functions whose role is to simplify the software development process . MyProLang is expected to make programming open to everyone including students , programmers and end-users . To prevent the inferred , approximate dependences from degrading the performance of change propagation , we generate memoized versions of cps functions that can reuse previous work even when they are invoked with different continuations . The approach offers a natural programming style that requires minimal changes to existing code , while statically enforcing the invariants required by self-adjusting computation . We validate the feasibility of our proposal by extending Standard ML and by integrating the transformation into MLton , a whole-program optimizing compiler for Standard ML . Summary The hybrid MPI-OpenMP model is a natural parallel programming paradigm for emerging parallel architectures that are based on symmetric multiprocessor ( SMP ) clusters . This paper presents a hybrid implementation adapted for an implicit finite-element code developed for groundwater transport simulations .
It is built on top of the Java-based Jini technology , which provides a common platform and a service-based lookup system . P‐GRADE is an interactive , graphical software development tool , designed to build distributed parallel programs using message passing for communication . It is based on the GRAPNEL hybrid language , which uses graphics to describe communication topology , main control structures and communication actions , while sequential computations can be written in an arbitrary programming language .
A literal port of a good quality shared-memory implementation ( merely replacing shared arrays with partitioned global arrays ) achieves abysmal performance — more than 1000 times worse than a message-passing implementation . We achieve in UPC a performance comparable to message-passing with a series of optimizations . Most of these optimizations could be performed with limited changes in the source code using an enhanced run-time and a few language extensions or pragmas .
The general definition of particles paradigm , comprises the broad range of techniques , which use particles as basic objects . The main features of particles paradigm ; simplicity , decomposition ability , and message-passing communication model — represented by physical term “ interactions ” — make it very attractive as a universal tool for solving many problems on parallel platform . In the paper , the particles approach for the global minimum search is discussed .
Automatic Differentiation by program transformation uses static data-flow analysis to produce efficient code . This data-flow analysis must be adapted for parallel programs with Message-Passing communication . Starting from a context-sensitive and flow-sensitive data-flow analysis scheme initially devised for sequential codes , we extend this scheme for parallel codes .
To detect communities in such an HMRNet , the problem is formulated as a maximum a posterior ( MAP ) over a factor graph . Finally a message passing based algorithm is derived to find a best solution of the MAP problem . Evaluation on both synthetic and real-world networks confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method .
In this work , we propose a new bilinear recovery algorithm based on AMP with unitary transformation . It is shown that , compared to the state-of-the-art message passing based algorithms , the proposed algorithm is much more robust and faster , leading to remarkably better performance .
We propose polynomial-time message-passing based algorithms , one of which is guaranteed to yield a solution that is within a constant fraction of the optimal solution and is also asymptotically optimal in the limit as the number of subcarriers in the system goes to infinity . The message-passing based algorithm is also extended to solve the resource allocation problem over a multi-cell uplink in a distributed fashion . Our algorithms account for finite input alphabets and non-ideal practical outer codes .
The aim of this series of workshops is to develop and implement a standard for message passing on distributed memory concurrent computers , thereby making it easier to develop efficient , portable application codes for such machines . The report discusses the main issues raised in the CRPC workshop , and describes proposed desirable features of a message passing standard for distributed memory environments .
Abstract Message passing is the most efficient and most general programming paradigm currently used on parallel machines with distributed memory . In the absence of a message passing standard the broad variety of vendor-specific interfaces inhibits the portability of application programs . The PARMACS library which is presented in this paper defines a portability layer which has been implemented on most MIMD computers , ranging from MPP systems to workstation networks .
The integration of concurrency and object-orientation is a new prosperous field . MPI is a message-passing standard and has been adopted by more and more people . This paper proposes a concurrent object-oriented model based on MPI in which asynchronous message-passing is adopted between concurrent objects .
If the queue list managing the subproblem executed by simplex algorithm is empty , the incumbent is the optimal solution . We applied parallel programming to the search using a bread ...
A task parallel programming model is regarded as one of the promising parallel programming models with dynamic load balancing . Since this model supports hierarchical parallelism , it is suitable for parallel divide-and-conquer algorithms .
What can such an approach offer beyond merely replicating , in a more labor intensive way , the services and coverage of data parallel languages ? We investigate these questions via a simple example and a “ real world ” case study developed using C-Linda , an explicit parallel programming language formed by the merger of C with the Linda 1 coordination language . The results demonstrate owner-computes is an effective design strategy in Linda .
Any parallel programming language provides a model of parallelism , which is accepted implicitly when programming directly in the language . We propose a more flexible approach to models of parallelism : in our methodology , the program is derived in a sequence of steps , where the algorithm version in each step incorporates just one decision and is based on a specific model of parallelism called an abstract parallel machine chosen to be suitable for that step .
A New Consistency Model for Distributed Transactional Memory . Transactional memory ( TM ) is a parallel programming concept . Existing consistency protocols in distributed transactional memory system consume too much bandwidth and bring high latency .
In this paper , we propose the architecture of a Web-based interface for the improvement of accessibility to computational resources on a cluster system . If using the Web-based interface implemented by this architecture , scientists who want to do a scientific simulation or a theoretical calculation requiring very high performance and using parallel programming concept can use the computational resources on the cluster system easier than shell interface or something likes the text-based interface . Of course , for users who are familiar with such a text-based interface , shell environment through the Web is also provided by virtual network computing technology .
The project deals with implementation of Floyd Warshall Algorithm i.e All Pair Shortest Path . This algorithm is implemented using parallel programming concept for faster solution . This is a research based project in which the serial and parallel computations are compared .
The central question ad dressed in this study is : Do such languages allow the parallelism available in the applications to be ex pressed so that the underlying compilation systems are able to generate efficient code for the specified parallelism ? Our experiments on Intel 's iPSC/860 distributed- memory multiprocessor indicate that the Fortran D lan guage and its compilation system can exploit the par allelism that exists in computations related to reservoir modeling , provided that the code is written in data- parallel programming style . Additional experiments show that other machines and their compilation sys tems can also exploit the compile time information available for programs written in a data-parallel pro gramming style .
General-purpose computation using GPU ( GPGPU ) has been a focus of attention because of its performance , but the difficulity of GPGPU programming is a problem . So we have proposed GPGPU programming style using existing parallel programming style . In this paper , we implemented OMPCUDA OpenMP for CUDA-capable GPU , for explore a possibilities of GPGPU using OpenMP .
There are several ways to write a parallel program . The parallel programming style depends on the architecture of the parallel machine , including the programming environment , the operating system , and the computer hardware . In this chapter we briefly introduce the three frequently used programming models for multiprocessor systems , shown on three examples of programming environments .
is , unifying classes which simulated on each other and run in asymptotically equivalent time . aim being for any of four parallel be applicable to single , unified class the properties of four classes , so forming the basis a universal model of in the parallel machine in the parallel programming the programming paradigm applicable over the unified of architectures .
The noise suites include coherent and incoherent Gaussian noise , impulsive noise , and continental shelf reverberation . This project is of interest from parallel programming viewpoint because it uses the Paragon a true Multiple Instruction Multiple Data ( MIND ) machine with three types of nodes : l)a Manager node , 2)tar- et nodes , and 3)Hydrophone nodes . The target nodes are responsible for generating the signal suites1 transient nose , and the coherent noise .
Transactional memory is a promising parallel programming way for multi-core processors , however it costs a lot . Using Bloom Filter to detect shared variable access conflicts between transactions is an effective way to lower cost overhead .
Allocating and reclaiming descriptors introduces significant space and time overhead . We introduce the first descriptor abstract data type ( ADT ) , which captures the usage of descriptors by lock-free algorithms . We then develop a weak descriptor ADT which has weaker semantics , but can be implemented significantly more efficiently .
Wait-free implementations have been notoriously hard to design and often inefficient . In this work we present a transformation of lock-free algorithms to wait-free ones allowing even a non-expert to transform a lock-free data-structure into a practical wait-free one . The transformation requires that the lock-free data structure is given in a normalized form defined in this work .
In this paper , we present a performance model for analyzing lock-free algorithms that studies the effects of slowdowns on performance . We find that lock-free algorithms are better than locking algorithms if the slowdowns are transient , but worse if the slowdowns are permanent . One implication of this result is that lock-free concurrent objects are appropriate for UMA architectures , but NUMA architectures require special protocols .
While some of these patterns are implemented using synchronization primitives , others avoid them by means of lock‐free data mechanisms . However , lock‐free programming is not straightforward , ensuring an appropriate use of their interfaces can be challenging , since different memory models plus instruction reordering at compiler/processor levels can interfere in the occurrence of data races . The benefits of race detectors are formidable in this sense ; however , they may emit false positives if are unaware of the underlying lock‐free structure semantics .
It is a new implementation of the jack server core features that aims in removing some limitations of the current design . The activation system has been changed for a data flow model and lock-free programming techniques for graph access have been used to have a more dynamic and robust system . We present the new design and the implementation for MacOSX .
Reclaiming dynamically allocated memory blocks of data structures has always been a big issue , because they can be accessed , removed , or freed by any parallel processes . In lock-free programming the problem becomes even more complicated ; because no process is allowed to wait for others . Automatic memory reclamation , or garbage collection , can free programmers from such a challenging task by safely reclaiming memory blocks that are no longer used .
It allows reclaimed memory to be returned to the operating system . In addition , it offers a lock-free solution for the ABA problem using only practical single-word instructions . Our experimental results on a multiprocessor system show that the new methodology offers equal and , more often , significantly better performance than other memory management methods , in addition to its qualitative advantages regarding memory reclamation and independence of special hardware support .
In this paper we present a GPGPU approach of implementing SBO in OpenCL . We provide a lock-free solution that ensures full-occupancy of the GPU by following the map-reduce model for the sparse-coding stage and by making use of the Partitioned Global Address Space ( PGAS ) model for developing parallel dictionary updates . The resulting implementation achieves a favourable trade-off between algorithm complexity and data representation quality compared to PAK-SVD which is the standard overcomplete dictionary learning approach .
Two major performance critical components for designing CGC are studied in this paper , stack scanning and heap compaction . Since the lock-based algorithms do not scale well , we present a lock-free solution for constructing a highly concurrent garbage collector . We adopt CAS/MCAS synchronization primitives to guarantee that the programs will never be blocked by the collector thread while the garbage collection process is ongoing .
An interesting but challenging alternative is to use lock-free data structures and atomic operations to guarantee thread safety . We present LRMalloc , a lock-free memory allocator that leverages lessons of modern memory allocators and combines them with a lock-free scheme . Current state-of-the-art memory allocators possess good performance but lack desirable lock-free properties , such as , guarantees of systemwide progress , priority inversion tolerance , kill-tolerance availability , and/or deadlock and livelock immunity .
This paper presents LRMalloc , a lock-free memory allocator that leverages lessons of modern memory allocators and combines them with a lock-free scheme . Current state-of-the-art memory allocators possess good performance but lack desirable lock-free properties , such as , priority inversion tolerance , kill-tolerance availability , and/or deadlock and livelock immunity .
Our partitioner aims to overcome some of the challenges arising due to the irregular nature of the algorithm , and memory constraints on GPUs . We present a lock-free scheme since fine-grained synchronization among thousands of GPU threads imposes too high a performance overhead . Experimental results demonstrate that our partitioner outperforms serial and parallel MPI-based partitioners .
In our performance evaluation we compare our algorithm with the most efficient non-blocking implementation of dictionaries known . The experimental results clearly show that our algorithm outperforms the other lockfree algorithm for dictionaries with realistic sizes , both on fully concurrent as well as pre-emptive systems .
With upcoming clusters containing tens-of-thousands of cores , InfiniBand is a popular interconnect on these clusters , due to its low latency ( 1.5 musec ) and high bandwidth ( 1.5 GB/sec ) . Since most scientific applications running on these clusters are written using the message passing interface ( MPI ) as the parallel programming model , the MPI library plays a key role in the performance and scalability of the system . Nearly all MPIs implemented over InfiniBand currently use the reliable connection ( RC ) transport of InfiniBand to implement message passing .
The domain of interest ( unstructured grid ) was partitioned into a number of balanced subdomains using the ParMETIS library . The message passing interface ( MPI ) system was used to perform parallel computation and communication between the processors . A parallel high performance aerodynamics code ( HiPAC ) was developed .
This paper proposes an analysis of environmental information in relation with extended simulation capabilities . This approach uses a cellular automata model integrated with Geographic Information System ( GIS ) taking advantages of parallel computing resources operated using the Message Passing Interface ( MPI ) framework .
Resilient applications often use rollback recovery techniques for fault tolerance : particularly popular are checkpoint/restart ( C/R ) techniques . HPC applications commonly use the Message Passing Interface ( MPI ) standard for communication . This thesis identifies a complete set of capabilities that compose to form a coordinated C/R infrastructure for MPI applications running on HPC systems .
Results are presented for two-dimensional and three-dimensional viscous cases . The Message Passing Interface ( MPI ) protocol is used , because of its portability to various parallel architectures .
Parallel computing is one of the most available approaches to solve this problem . Using binary-tree theory , we present in this study a common parallel computing framework based on the message passing interface ( MPI ) protocol for modeling hydrological processes of river basins . A practical and dynamic spatial domain decomposition method , based on the binary-tree structure of the drainage network , is proposed .
A parallel approach of multifocus image fusion is proposed . Most of parallelization techniques for image processing and image fusion presented in literature are based on the use of graphic processor ( GPU ) computing power or the message passing interface ( MPI ) paradigm . Quite a few are exploiting the capabilities offered by the multi-core processors .
Parallel programming paradigms to support multi models in cluster and Grid environment , such as Master/Slave , Divide and Conquer , Phase Parallel and so forth this paper proposes a Master/Group/Slave programming model-JOGR with which we can realize data allocation and load balance dynamically in cluster environment . Furthermore , based on WebService technology and Java language , we focus on the implementation of JOGR.Experimental results show that JOGR can provide effective support for developing and running parallel programs .
Special emphasis was placed on the role of high-performance processing to solve real-life problems in all areas , including scientific , engineering and multidisciplinary applications and strategies , experiences and conclusions made with respect to parallel computing . The book contains papers covering : Applications - the application of parallel computers to solve computationally challenging problems in the physical and life sciences , engineering , industry and commerce ; Algorithms - design , analysis and implementation of generic parallel algorithms , including their scalability , in particular to a large number of processors ( MPP ) , portability and adaptability ; and , Software and Architectures - software engineering for developing and maintaining parallel software , including parallel programming models and paradigms , development environments , compile-time and run-time tools . A number of symposia on specialized topics formed part of the scientific program .
Scalable parallelizations are possible if the base mechanisms provided by the run-time support ( for inter-thread/inter-process synchronization/communication ) are carefully designed and developed on top of parallel architectures . This requires a deep knowledge of the hardware behavior and the interaction patterns used by the parallelism paradigms . In this paper we present our experience in developing efficient inter-thread interaction mechanisms on the Tilera TILEPro64 network processor .
The availability of a comprehensive software infrastructure is essential for the success of a parallel architecture . In order to allow for the greatest possible flexibility , an infrastructure has to be designed in an integrated , easy-to-use manner and with the support of multiple parallel programming paradigms and models to address a wide code base . Shared Memory in a LAN-like Environment ( SMiLE ) provides such an infrastructure for SCI ( Scalable Coherent Interface ) based clusters .
This work addresses the generation of parallel on-chip heterogeneous systems starting from high-level code with explicit parallelism , based on a custom compiler and a high-level synthesis flow . Blending parallel software programming paradigms with high-level synthesis introduces a range of challenges at both the architectural level and the programming paradigm level , particularly involving the mismatches between the semantics of general high-level parallel code and the coding style imposed by high-level synthesis for FPGAs . We addressed these challenges by introducing some transformations of the source code to adapt it to the underlying hardware synthesis process , and devising a few innovative architectural solutions for supporting OpenMP functionalities .
The performance study of the parallel code is made . The results show that OpenMP is easy to use and a very efficient parallel programming tool for the present problem .
This special issue reports on the SICSA multicore challenge , which commenced in 2010 and remains an ongoing activity . The aim is to produce a comparative evaluation of a range of standard parallel programming tools and techniques on a representative set of parallelizable problems , executing on commodity multicore platforms . In this introductory article , we outline contemporary multicore computing trends that give rise to the challenge in Section 2 .
This paper presents an overview of the " Applied Parallel Computing " course taught to final year Software Engineering undergraduate students in Spring 2014 at NUST , Pakistan . The main objective of the course was to introduce practical parallel programming tools and techniques for shared and distributed memory concurrent systems . A unique aspect of the course was that Java was used as the principle programming language .
This case study describes the enablement of a parallel application on Cornell Theory Center ' 's KSR1 , a highly parallel machine from Kendall Square Research . The application is from statistics , and exposes some interesting facets of the KSR as well as some parallel programming tools and techniques . Statistics are a novel application area for supercomputing , at least at the Cornell Theory Center .
The organization and structure of the system software are also mentioned . The design of system diagnosis and monitor , system management , parallel programming environment and tools , and parallel debugger is described in detail . Finally , the existing issues of the system software of the MPP system are analyzed .
In this paper , we describe the model of EPAS and also discuss some of the recent usability and performance studies . The studies demonstrate that EPAS is a practical and usable parallel programming model and tool .
Although vendors of HPC platforms usually offer debugging and performance tools in some form , it is desirable to have the same interface across multiple platforms so that the user does not have to learn a different tool for each platform . Furthermore , a tool should have an easy-to-use interface that intuitively supports the debugging and performance analysis tasks the user needs to carry out , as well as the parallel programming language and paradigm being used . This paper describes a survey and evaluation of cross-platform debugging and performance analysis tools .
HeNCE ( Heterogeneous Network Computing Environment ) is a parallel programming paradigm and tool which supports the creation , compilation , execution , debugging , and analysis of parallel programs for a heterogeneous group of computers . The HeNCE programmer specifies the parallelism of a computation by drawing a graph describing the dependencies between user defined procedures .
The subject of this paper is the development of artificial neural network software , using parallel programming techniques and tools ( CUDA ) . The goal was to create a C library so it will be used conveniently in different dataset with reduced complexity for the user .
This report demonstrates how GENESIS ’ load balancing supported by process migration improves the execution performance of an MPI application . The significance of this report is in demonstrating how these services can enhance parallel programming tools to improve performance and how future parallel programming tool design could take advantage of these services .
We present a new parallel programming tool environment that is ( 1 ) accessible and executable " anytime , anywhere , " through standard Web browsers and ( 2 ) integrated in that it provides tools that adhere to a common underlying methodology for parallel programming and performance tuning . The environment is based on a new network computing infrastructure , developed at Purdue University .
In the IBM and Compaq systems , each node 's memory forms a separate address space , and tasks communicate between nodes by passing messages or using other explicit mechanisms . Many large parallel codes use standard MPI calls to exchange data between tasks in a parallel job , and this is a natural programming model for distributed memory architectures . On a shared memory architecture , message passing is unnecessary if the code is written to use multithreading : threads run in parallel on different processors , more » and they exchange data simply by reading and writing shared memory locations .
T his article reflects on the instructional design of introductory programming courses ( CS1 ) and promotes awareness of several related threads of research , including work on looping constructs , program composition , natural programming , and abstraction . We eavesdrop on a conversation between two imaginary computing educators , Walter White and Tom " Duke " Martin , who revisit the venerable debate on loop exits .
Providing a unified remote computation capability in ICN presents some unique challenges , among which are timer management , client authorization , and binding to state held by servers , while maintaining the advantages of ICN protocol designs like CCN and NDN . In this paper we present a unified approach to remote function invocation in ICN that exploits the attractive ICN properties of name-based routing , receiver-driven flow and congestion control , flow balance , and object-oriented security while presenting a natural programming model to the application developer .
The task frame formalism allows the programmer to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional robot oriented assembly programming , moving the programmer 's focus on the robot task . Additionally skill primitives contribute to a more natural programming paradigm . In this paper a robot control architecture is presented that implements both of these concepts providing a framework to easily implement new control features .
The NAS Parallel Benchmarks ( NPB ) are well-known applications with fixed algorithms for evaluating parallel systems and tools . Multicore clusters provide a natural programming paradigm for hybrid programs , whereby OpenMP can be used with the data sharing with the multicores that comprise a node , and MPI can be used with the communication between nodes . In this paper , we use Scalar Pentadiagonal ( SP ) and Block Tridiagonal ( BT ) benchmarks of MPI NPB 3.3 as a basis for a comparative approach to implement hybrid MPI/OpenMP versions of SP and BT .
MyProLang is a blend of five elements . A proprietary natural programming language with unsophisticated grammatical rules and expressive syntax ; automation templates that automate the generation of instructions and thereby minimizing the learning and training time ; an NLG engine to generate natural instructions ; a source-to-source compiler that analyzes , parses , and build executables ; and an ergonomic IDE that houses diverse functions whose role is to simplify the software development process . MyProLang is expected to make programming open to everyone including students , programmers and end-users .
To prevent the inferred , approximate dependences from degrading the performance of change propagation , we generate memoized versions of cps functions that can reuse previous work even when they are invoked with different continuations . The approach offers a natural programming style that requires minimal changes to existing code , while statically enforcing the invariants required by self-adjusting computation . We validate the feasibility of our proposal by extending Standard ML and by integrating the transformation into MLton , a whole-program optimizing compiler for Standard ML .
Summary The hybrid MPI-OpenMP model is a natural parallel programming paradigm for emerging parallel architectures that are based on symmetric multiprocessor ( SMP ) clusters . This paper presents a hybrid implementation adapted for an implicit finite-element code developed for groundwater transport simulations .
Compiling P-GRADE programs for the JGrid architecture ⁄ Optimizing the Barnes-Hut algorithm in UPC Particles Paradigm and Optimization Problems Native Handling of Message-Passing Communication in Data-Flow Analysis Detecting Communities in Heterogeneous Multi-Relational Networks: A Message Passing based Approach Approximate Message Passing with Unitary Transformation for Robust Bilinear Recovery A Message-Passing Approach to Distributed Resource Allocation in Uplink DFT-Spread-OFDMA Systems Standards for message-passing in a distributed memory environment Portable Programming with the PARMACS Message-Passing Library A Concurrent Object Oriented Model Based on MPI Performance evaluation for parallel mixed-integer linear programming system Autotuning of a Cut-Off for Task Parallel Programs Data Parallelism and Linda Abstract Parallel Machines Transactional Memory Consistency: A New Consistency Model for Distributed Transactional Memory Web-Based Interface Architecture for the Improvement of Accessibility to Computational Resources on a Cluster System Parallelization of Shortest Path Finder on GPU: Floyd-Warshall Compositional Oil Reservoir Simulation in Fortran D: a Feasibility Study On Intel iPsc/860 OMPCUDA : Implementation of OpenMP for GPU Parallel Programming Styles: A Brief Overview On the CLUMPS Model of Parallel Computation Simulating a Multi-Target Acoustic Array on the Intel Paragon. An Adaptive Conflict Detection Algorithm in Transactional Memory Reuse, Don't Recycle: Transforming Lock-Free Algorithms That Throw Away Descriptors A practical wait-free simulation for lock-free data structures Characterizing the Performance of Algorithms for Lock-Free Objects Enabling semantics to improve detection of data races and misuses of lock‐free data structures jackdmp: Jack server for multi-processor machines On Composability, Efficient Design and Memory Reclamation of Lock-free Data Structures Hazard pointers: safe memory reclamation for lock-free objects Efficient GPU Implementation for Single Block Orthogonal Dictionary Learning A Study of Lock-Free Based Concurrent Garbage Collectors for Multicore Platform Practical Lock-Free Dynamic Memory Allocation LRMalloc: A Modern and Competitive Lock-Free Dynamic Memory Allocator Efficient Scheduling and High-Performance Graph Partitioning on Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Systems Scalable and lock-free concurrent dictionaries MVAPICH-Aptus: Scalable high-performance multi-transport MPI over InfiniBand Parallelization of a finite volume CFD code Multiscale Geographic Exploration, Observation, Simulation, and Representation Coordinated checkpoint/restart process fault tolerance for mpi applications on hpc systems Short Communication: A Parallel Newton–Krylov Method for Navier–Stokes Rotorcraft Codes A common parallel computing framework for modeling hydrological processes of river basins Parallel approach for multifocus image fusion JOGR──Utilizing Java Object Group Relationship to Support Multi-Model Parallel Programming Parallel computing : architectures, algorithms and applications Run-time mechanisms for fine-grained parallelism on network processors: The TILEPro64 experience SMiLE: an integrated, multi-paradigm software infrastructure for SCI-basedclusters Generating On-Chip Heterogeneous Systems from High-Level Parallel Code Parallel CFD Computing Using Shared Memory OpenMP SICSA multicore challenge editorial preface Teaching Parallel Programming Using Java Case Study in KSR Programming: Finding Outliers by the Minimum Volume Ellipsoid Method THE DESIGN OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE OF DAWNING-1000 MASSIVELY PARALLEL PROCESSING SYSTEM Extensible Parallel Architectural Skeletons Cross-Platform Parallel Debugging and Performance Analysis Tools Heterogeneous network computing Ανάπτυξη και αξιολόγηση λογισμικού παράλληλης επεξεργασίας τεχνητών νευρωνικών δικτύων An MPI Implementation Supported by Process Migration and Load Balancing Towards an Integrated, Web-executable Parallel Programming Tool Environment Experience with Mixed MPI/Threaded Programming Models Break statement considered RICE: remote method invocation in ICN Open Modular Robot Control Architecture for Assembly Using the Task Frame Formalism Performance Characteristics of Hybrid MPI/OpenMP Implementations of NAS Parallel Benchmarks SP and BT on Large-Scale Multicore Clusters MyProLang - My Programming Language: A Template-Driven Automatic Natural Programming Language Compiling self-adjusting programs with continuations A Hybrid Mpi-Openmp Implementation of an Implicit Finite-Element Code on Parallel Architectures
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