In this disclosure , the techniques for coding transform coefficients associated with a block of residual video data in the video coding process will be described . Aspects of the present disclosure , including the selection of a context for the entropy coding to match the scanning order in which the selected and the selected scanning order for both efficacy map coding and level coding . In this disclosure , we propose to match the scanning order for coding both the level of effectiveness map and transform coefficients of the transform coefficients . A powerful compression scheme that is based on the state-of-the-art in wavelet-based compression is presented in this paper . Compression is achieved via efficient encoding of wavelet zerotrees ( with the embedded zerotree wavelet ( EZW ) algorithm ) and subsequent entropy coding . The performance of the basic version of EZW is improved upon by a simple , yet effective , way of a more accurate estimation of the centroids of the quantization intervals , at a negligible cost in side information . Concerning the hardware complexity , neither encoder nor decoder should require more than 50 % of an FPGA similar to Xilinx Artix 7 or 25 % of an FPGA similar to Altera Cyclon 5 . This process resulted in a coding scheme made of an optional color transform , a wavelet transform , the entropy coding of the highest magnitude level of groups of coefficients , and the raw inclusion of the truncated wavelet coefficients . This paper presents the details and status of the standardization process , a technical description of the future standard , and the latest performance evaluation results . This scheme is a part of the lossless compression process in the MPEG-4 Part 10 standard . It is applied to the quantized transform coefficients of the luminance component during the entropy coding process . In combination with previous transformations and quantizations , it can result in significantly increased compression ratio . The reversibility of the proposed algorithm guarantees that texture image/video quality will not suffer from the watermarking process even if high payload ( i.e. depth information ) is embedded into the cover image/video . In order to control the size increase of watermarked image/video , the embedding function is carefully selected and the entropy coding process is also customized according to watermarking strength . Huffman and content-adaptive variable-length coding ( CAVLC ) , which are respectively used for JPEG image and H.264 video entropy encoding , are analyzed and customized . We present SR-CCDM algorithms that are serial in the minimum number of occurrences of either binary symbol for mapping , and fully parallel for demapping . For distributions that are optimized for the additive white Gaussian noise ( AWGN ) channel , we numerically show that PA-DM combined with SR-CCDM can reduce the number of sequential processing steps by more than an order of magnitude , while having a rate loss that is comparable to conventional nonbinary CCDM with arithmetic coding . In the lossless compression , the PM images have compression ratios which are very close to 1 , while the general images have compression ratios around 2 . The PM image compression ratios in the lossy JPEG coding , where the L*a*b * color difference is less than 2 to 3 , are found to almost equal those of the lossless JPEG ( Joint Photographic Coding Experts Group ) using arithmetic coding . The PM image coding performance in the lossy JPEG coding is also found to be inferior to that of general images including still life images , portraits , and landscapes . The performance of CCDM degrades with decreasing output length . To improve the performance for short transmission blocks we present a class of multi-composition ( MC ) codes and an efficient arithmetic coding scheme for encoding and decoding . The resulting multi-composition DM ( MCDM ) is able to encode more data into distribution matched codewords than the CCDM and achieves lower KL divergence , especially for short block messages . We address the problem of delay in an arithmetic coding system . Due to the nature of the arithmetic coding process , source sequences causing arbitrarily large encoding or decoding delays exist . This phenomena raises the question of just how large is the expected input to output delay in these systems , i.e. , once a source sequence has been encoded , what is the expected number of source letters that should be further encoded to allow full decoding of that sequence . In this paper , Prediction error clustering and random permutations can be exploited to encrypt the images . Then an arithmetic coding based approach is proposed for compressing the encrypted images . To recover the original image , joint reconstruction is applied . In system provide a highly efficient image encryption -then-compression ( ETC ) system , where lossless Compressions are considered . The proposed image encryption scheme operated in the p rediction error domain which to provide a reasonably high level of security .An arithmetic coding-based approach which provides efficiently compression of the encrypted images . Compression approach applied to encrypted images is only somewhat inferior , in terms of compression efficiency , to the state-of-the-art lossless image coders , which take input as original images . The recommend encryption method for natural image data , operated under prediction error domain is said to contribute to fairly high level of reliability . Moreover , arithmetic coding-based approach has been beneficial in efficiently compressing an encrypted data of an natural image . Particularly , when it comes to compression efficiency of image data , the recommended approach of compression when applied over encrypted image data is worse , by just a few measures than the state-of-the-art lossless techniques which need actual original image data or the unencrypted image data for an input . GENERALIZEDGAUSSIANMODELING Inthis paper wepresent anewmodel-based methodtocode thetransform coefficients ofaudio signals . Thehistogram oftrans- formcoefficients isapproximated byagenieralized Gaussian model forefficient model-based bitallocation andthespectrum iscoded byscalar quantization followed byarithmetic coding . Anexample coder operating at16kHzandusing predictive modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT)coding isdescribed . CAVLC requires considerably less processing to decode than CABAC , although it does not compress the data quite as effectively . CAVLC is supported in all H.264 profiles , unlike CABAC which is not supported in Baseline and Extended profiles . The coding technique using conventional CAVLC based on area efficient design , the second is on low power design architecture will lead to low throughput . The complex and time-consuming calculation of the arithmetic coding is replaced by a table lookup based on the proposed CABAC rate model for fast rate estimation . The context modeling part of CABAC is also simplified to accelerate the rate estimation process . The experimental results show that the proposed estimator follows the actual rate with the coefficient of determination R 2 = 0.9997 . It has been achieved through scrambling of equal length bin strings . In our scheme , CABAC engine serves the purpose of encryption cipher without affecting the coding efficiency of H.264/AVC by keeping exactly the same bit rate , generating completely compliant bitstream and utilizing negligible computational power . Owing to no escalation in bit rate , our encryption algorithm is better suited for real-time multimedia streaming . In addition , the rate errors are controlled by varying the bit length of the fractional part for the estimated bit in the rate estimation table . The experimental result shows that the CBAC engine provides 0.21 % BD-rate reduction on average , compared to the CABAC engine in the HEVC Test Model ( HM ) 13.0 encoder , when the bit length of the fractional part of the estimated rate is 3 . In particular , the HDMI interface implemented is used to display decoded HEVC video in an HD display at a 1080p ( 1920x1080 ) resolution with a 60Hz refresh rate . Meanwhile , the data input system built on top of the SD Card interface provides encoded bitstream data directly to the synthesized HEVC Chip via the CABAC Engine at rates of up to 1.5 MBytes per second . Finally , verification techniques for the FPGA real-life demo are presented , including the use of the on-board DDR3 RAM present in the Xilinx VC707 Evaluation Board . The application of the above method is a video decoding method for video decoding apparatus . WPP CABAC present invention may be a serial interface , a video decoding to improve the speed . In this thesis work a new frequency domain curve-fitting compression framework is proposed as an extension to H264 Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coder (CABAC)[53 ] that achieves better compression efficiency at reduced complexity . The proposed Curvefitting extension to H264 CABAC , henceforth called as CF-CABAC , is modularly designed to conveniently fit into existing block based H264 Hybrid video Entropy coding algorithms . [ 74 , 61 ] Traditionally there have been many proposals in the literature to fuse surfaces/curve fitting with Block-based , Region based , Training-based ( VQ , fractals ) compression algorithms primarily to exploiting pixel-domain redundancies . We integrated the ARI tool in the Joint Scalable Video Model software . Special attention was paid to the CABAC context model initialization . Further , the use , complexity , and coding performance of this technology is discussed . Simulation results showthatthethroughput modes , thearchitecture achieves thesimilar throughput able achieved inbothmodesisbalanced , i.e. , theperformance of tosupport HDTV . thefastest CABAC version issimilar tothat oftheCAVLC path . Whenthedesign isimplemented inFPGAdevices , itis IndexTerms-Videocompression , H.264/AVC , FPGA , possible tosupport HDTV.Theefficiency ofthedesigned VLSIarchitecture architecture is examinedforvariousconfigurations distinguished withrespect tosupported coding options and These error-resilience and progressivity properties are obtained without any penalty in compression efficiency . Codes with such properties are of strong interest for the binarization of-ary sources in state-of-the-art image , and video coding systems making use of , for example , the EBCOT or CABAC algorithms . A prior statistical analysis of the signal allows the construction of the appropriate binarization code . Second , this thesis demonstrates how serial algorithms , such as Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ( CABAC ) , can be redesigned for parallel architectures to enable high throughput with low coding efficiency cost . A parallel algorithm called the Massively Parallel CABAC ( MP-CABAC ) is presented that uses syntax element partitions and interleaved entropy slices to achieve better throughput-coding efficiency and throughput-area tradeoffs than H.264/AVC . The parallel algorithm also improves scalability by providing a third dimension to tradeoff coding efficiency for power and performance . Context-Based Binary Arithmetic Coding ( CABAC ) is one of two entropy coders used in H.264/AVC , which achieves a high compression ratio at the expense of high computational complexity . For real-time decoding of ultra-high resolution video , we propose a high-throughput hardwired CABAC decoder subsystem . By analyzing the distribution of different types of syntax elements ( SE ) , we propose a Two-Bin arithmetic decoding engine ( Two-Bin AE ) to generate two bins in one cycle for the most frequent SEs . A fast decoding method is presented for memory-efficient context-based adaptive variable length coding ( CAVLC ) . The CAVLC algorithm in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC significantly increased the compression ratio compared with variable length coding ( VLC ) of conventional video coding standards such as H.263 and MPEG-4 visual because of adaptive use of neighboring blocks ' context . Implementation of the CA VLC decoding algorithm , however , is much more complicated than existing VLC decoding methods because of frequent access to the unstructured VLC tables , adaptive switching of tables , and five syntax elements . This paper presents a novel architecture that exploits component-level parallelism and pipeline techniques capable of processing high-bitrate video data in a macroblock(MB)-level pipelined CODEC architecture . Additionally , some techniques for efficient CAVLC coding is presented because CAVLC is a dominant part of the syntax coding . The resulting architecture , merged in a MB-level pipelined CODEC system , is capable of coding up to 100 Mbps bitstreams in real-time , thus , accommodating the real-time encoding of 1080p 60 Hz video . Many approaches are explored to solve the restrictions of parallelizing CAVLC caused by data dependency and branch/loop instructions . Experiment results show that our parallel CAVLC encoder on two stream processing platforms of STORM and GPU achieves 3.03x and 2.08x speedup over the original serial CAVLC respectively . Finally , the proposed parallel CAVLC encoder coupled with stream processor enables a real-time encoding of 1080p H.264 video . This article presents an efficient parallel CAVLC encoder for H.264/AVC based on GPU . By optimizing the architecture of the encoder , three kinds of dependences are eliminated or weakened , including the context dependence , the memory accessing dependence , and the control dependence . Entropy coding is a fundamental stage in all video compression algorithms in terms of compression efficiency and error resilience . In this paper we propose and optimize a digital signal processor (DSP)-based implementation of the CAVLC tools for the H.264 Baseline encoder . As result , we have been able to generate the bit stream and supply bit rate result : the LETI encoder is able to achieve high compression performance when proposing interesting video quality . The ITU-T H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 Advanced Video Coding standard provides a reduction up to 50 % of the bitstream rate if compared to previous standards . Among the innovation presented we should highlight the CABAC entropy coding ( Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ) , which shows a reduction of 9 % to 14 % in the bit-stream rate , when compared to the CAVLC basic entropy coding . The strictly sequential nature of the algorithm introduces challenges for its efficient implementation , which requires dedicated hardware to achieve real time for high definition profiles . CABAC can be used to encode the texture and the header data while CAVLC and UVLC are employed to encode the texture and the header data , respectively . Although CABAC can provide better R-D performance than CAVLC/UVLC , its decoding complexity is higher . Thus , by taking the entropy decoding complexity into account , CABAC may not be the best tool , which motivates us to examine the entropy coding mode decision problem in depth . In this letter , we present a more efficient technique for CAVLC implementation . Compared with those previous CAVLC chips , our design requires the lowest hardware cost . In this paper , we propose high-performance H.264/AVC CAVLC encoder for UD video real time processing . Statistical values are obtained in one cycle through the parallel arithmetic and logical operations , using non-zero bit stream which represents zero coefficient or non-zero coefficient . Computationally intensive modules in the reference decoder are optimized for various hardware platforms . Especially , a fast group-based CAVLC entropy decoding algorithm is provided in detail , and several strategies are discussed from software optimization opinion . The experiments show that the speed of our developed software-based decoder is 3 times faster than that of the H.264/AVC reference decoder . This paper proposes a VLSI design of CAVLC decoder used in H.264/AVC . The previous CAVLC hardware decoders are inefficient architectures due to some reasons . Firstly , they contain unnecessary decoding cycle . Previously proposed parallelization approach could improve the decoding performance . However , some parallelization methods did not consider the entropy decoding and others considered only a partial decoding parallelization . Therefore , we consider parallel entropy decoding integrated with other parallel video decoding process on a multi-core system . First , a compressed-domain watermarking scheme is proposed . Each 8 × 8 block in a JPEG compressed image is first processed by entropy decoding , and then the parity of the number of non-zero alternating current ( AC ) coefficients in each quantized discrete cosine transform ( DCT ) block is modified to embed the watermark . Second , the performances of the proposed watermarking scheme have been tested . The invention provides a method and a system for realizing image rotation during digital television reception . The method comprises the following steps that : an entropy decoding module receives and decodes a video elementary stream to acquire a discrete cosine transform ( DCT ) transform domain matrix of a block or a block residue and a motion vector ; an inverse quantization module performs weighting inverse quantization on the DCT transform domain matrix and performs inverse transformation on each coefficient of the DCT transform domain matrix to a value before quantization ; an inverse DCT module converts the DCT transform domain matrix after the weighting inverse quantization into a space domain matrix ; a matrix transposition module performs matrix transposition operation on an original image block or an original image block residue and stores the transposed image block serving as one part of a reconstruction frame into a frame memory ; and the frame memory stores a display frame , the reconstruction frame and a predictive frame . By the method , rotation display can be performed on the image after video decoding under the condition of not increasing access times and storage space . The entropy decoding unit divides the stream into an intra prediction mode index , motion information and quantization parameter sequence(residual block signal ) . The entropy decoding unit supplies motion information to a motion compensation prediction unit(240 ) . The entropy decoding unit supplies the intra-prediction mode index to an intra prediction unit(230 ) and a de-quantization/inverse transform unit(220 ) . An encoding/decoding process of JPEG2000 requires much more computation power than that of conventional JPEG mainly due to the complexity of entropy encoding/decoding . Thus usually multiple entropy codec hardware modules are implemented in parallel to process entropy encoding/decoding . This module , however , requests many small-size memories to store intermediate data , and when multiple modules are implemented on a chip , employment of the large number of SRAMs increases difficulty of whole chip layout . In this paper , an efficient memory architecture of the entropy encoding/decoding module is proposed , in which three approaches are attempted by utilizing one-bank SRAMs and internal registers . As a result , the efficient memory organization for a target process technology can be explored This module , however , requests many small-size memories to store intermediate data , and when multiple modules are implemented on a chip , employment of the large number of SRAMs increases difficulty of whole chip layout . In this paper , an efficient memory organization framework for the entropy encoding/decoding module is proposed , in which not only existing memory organizations but also our proposed novel memory organization methods are attempted to expand the design space to be explored . As a result , the efficient memory organization for a target process technology can be explored . There will be no uncertainty if there is only one possible optimal state sequence for HHMM . This entropy-based decoding algorithm can be formulated in an extended or a reduction approach . We extend the entropy-based algorithm for computing the optimal state sequence that was developed from a first-order to a generalized HHMM with a single observational sequence . The present invention belongs to the field of video encoding and decoding entropy , entropy encoding video discloses a video , an entropy decoding method , apparatus , comprises an entropy coding method shown , to be acquired encoded syntax elements to be coded block ; the syntax elements to be encoded into coding index ; the encoded into a codeword index value ; encoding the codeword according to the codeword value coding rule , to obtain the final codeword . The present invention is by introducing the coding index and regular variable length / fixed-length coding method , each syntax element of the new design code table , the code table for fast retrieval by the coding index , eliminating the traditional variable-length code tables take up more memory space and bitwise traversal required , protection of the premise encoding efficiency , greatly improved the implementation complexity of the mobile terminal device on the entropy decoding operation for limited hardware resources of the portable terminal . Then , the graphics engine may then produce a decoded audio stream . This generation graphics engine various operations , for example , entropy decoding operation , an inverse quantization operation , and may involve performing an inverse discrete cosine transform operation . In embodiments , the content stream further comprises an encoded video stream . The video decoding apparatus according to the present invention comprises : an entropy decoding means for performing entropy decodes the input bit , to derive the quantized transform coefficients associated with the target decoding unit ; inverse quantization means for performing inverse quantization of the transform coefficients after quantization , to derive transform coefficients ; deriving prediction mode information of adjacent prediction mode and the prediction mode prediction adjacent module , adjacent to the left , derived by using the neighboring prediction mode information for the target to derive the intra prediction mode decoding unit , and is performed based on the derived intra prediction mode to the intra prediction decoding unit target ; and an adder , based on the residual block for generating the transform coefficients generated by intra prediction and the prediction block are added to generating a reconstructed block , wherein the left neighboring intra prediction mode is the prediction mode with the target adjacent to the left of the decoding unit adjacent to the left unit , the prediction mode of adjacent upper side is adjacent to the decoding target unit intra prediction mode of an adjacent unit . In order to be able to do so , however , dependencies that result from reusing sequential legacy code need to be eliminated . Experimental results gathered on a shared-memory multicore/multiprocessor system show that the presented parallel entropy-decoder scales well , but also that the obtained speedup depends in the time taken by the entropy decoding phase , due to the memory bandwidth bottleneck . This compressed domain algorithms use the encoded information which shows fast computation in real time . This paper presents entropy level decoding of H264 baseline profile video stream . Partial decoding is an efficient way to improve the performance of many video applications . For each entropy slice , entropy decoding is performed by utilizing a corresponding probability estimation alongthe corresponding entropy coding path , a previously decoded part of the corresponding entropy slice is utilized to debug the corresponding probability estimation along the corresponding entropy coding path , and a plurality of the entropy slices are subjected to entropy decoding in order by utilizing the entropy slices . In a process of performing entropy decoding on a predetermined entropy slice , based on the corresponding probability estimation , of the predetermined entropy slice , debugged by utilizing the previously decoded part of the corresponding entropy slice , and a probability estimation used in entropy decoding of a spatially neighboring , in entropy slice order preceding entropy slice at a neighboring part thereof , the current part of the predetermined entropy slice is subjected toentropy decoding . Coarse-grain reconfigurable architectures can offer obvious advantages over the fine-grain counterparts for some specific applications . This thesis explores techniques to combine the two entropy decoding methods , context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding ( CABAC ) and context-based adaptive variable length coding ( CAVLC ) , provided in H.264/AVC using the coarse-grain reconfigurable architecture . By analyzing the similarities and differences between these two decoding processes , we show how to effectively merge the CAVLC into the CABAC decoder . The context-based adaptive technology is introduced into the new standard , which can be said to be a technology renovation of the video coding . The main entropy coding technologies of H.264 include VLC ( Variable- Length Coding ) and CABAC ( Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ) . CAVLC is VLC and adopts the context-based adaptive technology , therefore the coding efficiency is greatly improved . It can operate at 0.7 V for HD ( 720p , 30 fps ) video decoding and with a measured power of 1.8 mW. The highly scalable decoder can tradeoff power and performance across > 100x range . Second , this thesis demonstrates how serial algorithms , such as Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ( CABAC ) , can be redesigned for parallel architectures to enable high throughput with low coding efficiency cost . A parallel algorithm called the Massively Parallel CABAC ( MP-CABAC ) is presented that uses syntax element partitions and interleaved entropy slices to achieve better throughput-coding efficiency and throughput-area tradeoffs than H.264/AVC . H.264/AVC is adopted as a next generation moving picture compression standard . Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ( CABAC ) is the major entropy coding algorithm employed in H.264/AVC . Although the performance gain of H.264/AVC is mostly resulted from CABAC , it is difficult to implement a high-throughput decoder due to its decoding complexity . The next-generation 8 K ultra-high-definition video format involves an extremely high bit rate , which imposes a high throughput requirement on the entropy decoder component of a video decoder . Context adaptive binary arithmetic coding ( CABAC ) is the entropy coding tool in the latest video coding standards including H.265/High Efficiency Video Coding and H.264/Advanced Video Coding . Due to critical data dependencies at the algorithm level , a CABAC decoder is difficult to be accelerated by simply leveraging parallelism and pipelining . Several candidate domains were analyzed and summarized to apply encryption to the latest video coding standard H.264/AVC , and a novel digital video encryption scheme based on CABAC(context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding ) was proposed . During the CABAC encoding , two kinds of secure encryption operations including RCME(regular coding mode encryption ) and BCME(bypass coding mode encryption ) were utilized , in order to encrypt residual coefficient codeword , motion vector difference codeword and intra-prediction mode , respectively . CABAC(Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ) among various entropy coding schemes which are used to improve compression efficiency in H.264/AVC has a high hardware complexity and the fast calculation is difficult because data dependancy exists in the bit-serial process . In this paper , the proposed architecture efficiently compose the renormalization process of binary arithmetic encoder which is an important part of CABAC used in H.264/AVC . A hardware implementation of the Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding(CABAC ) decoder for H.264/AVC is presented . Based on the full use of the parallel architecture , an efficient solution for VLSI implementation is described . Context-Based Binary Arithmetic Coding ( CABAC ) is one of two entropy coders used in H.264/AVC , which achieves a high compression ratio at the expense of high computational complexity . For real-time decoding of ultra-high resolution video , we propose a high-throughput hardwired CABAC decoder subsystem . The most recent H.264 video coding standard adopted context-based adaptive variable length coding ( CAVLC ) as the entropy coding tool . By combining adaptive variable length coding ( VLC ) with context modeling , we can achieve a better coding performance . In this paper , we outline a coding strategy that initializes the entropy coding engine of a video codec at pre-defined locations within a bit-stream . Coupled with the causal dependencies of state-of-the-art video coding systems , this enables wavefront processing of the entropy decoding and reconstruction process simultaneously . This paper describes the emerging Issue 2 of the CCSDS-123.0-B standard for low-complexity compression of multispectral and hyperspectral imagery , focusing on its new features and capabilities . Most significantly , this new issue incorporates a closedloop quantization scheme to provide near-lossless compression capability while still supporting lossless compression , and introduces a new entropy coding option that provides better compression of low-entropy data . Comparing to other entropy coding standard , CABAC(context adaptive binary arithmetic coding ) has more significant enhancement in compression . However , its encoding/decoding efficiency is low due to calculation complexity and costs in memory access .
In this disclosure , the techniques for coding transform coefficients associated with a block of residual video data in the video coding process will be described . Aspects of the present disclosure , including the selection of a context for the entropy coding to match the scanning order in which the selected and the selected scanning order for both efficacy map coding and level coding . In this disclosure , we propose to match the scanning order for coding both the level of effectiveness map and transform coefficients of the transform coefficients .
A powerful compression scheme that is based on the state-of-the-art in wavelet-based compression is presented in this paper . Compression is achieved via efficient encoding of wavelet zerotrees ( with the embedded zerotree wavelet ( EZW ) algorithm ) and subsequent entropy coding . The performance of the basic version of EZW is improved upon by a simple , yet effective , way of a more accurate estimation of the centroids of the quantization intervals , at a negligible cost in side information .
Concerning the hardware complexity , neither encoder nor decoder should require more than 50 % of an FPGA similar to Xilinx Artix 7 or 25 % of an FPGA similar to Altera Cyclon 5 . This process resulted in a coding scheme made of an optional color transform , a wavelet transform , the entropy coding of the highest magnitude level of groups of coefficients , and the raw inclusion of the truncated wavelet coefficients . This paper presents the details and status of the standardization process , a technical description of the future standard , and the latest performance evaluation results .
This scheme is a part of the lossless compression process in the MPEG-4 Part 10 standard . It is applied to the quantized transform coefficients of the luminance component during the entropy coding process . In combination with previous transformations and quantizations , it can result in significantly increased compression ratio .
The reversibility of the proposed algorithm guarantees that texture image/video quality will not suffer from the watermarking process even if high payload ( i.e. depth information ) is embedded into the cover image/video . In order to control the size increase of watermarked image/video , the embedding function is carefully selected and the entropy coding process is also customized according to watermarking strength . Huffman and content-adaptive variable-length coding ( CAVLC ) , which are respectively used for JPEG image and H.264 video entropy encoding , are analyzed and customized .
We present SR-CCDM algorithms that are serial in the minimum number of occurrences of either binary symbol for mapping , and fully parallel for demapping . For distributions that are optimized for the additive white Gaussian noise ( AWGN ) channel , we numerically show that PA-DM combined with SR-CCDM can reduce the number of sequential processing steps by more than an order of magnitude , while having a rate loss that is comparable to conventional nonbinary CCDM with arithmetic coding .
In the lossless compression , the PM images have compression ratios which are very close to 1 , while the general images have compression ratios around 2 . The PM image compression ratios in the lossy JPEG coding , where the L*a*b * color difference is less than 2 to 3 , are found to almost equal those of the lossless JPEG ( Joint Photographic Coding Experts Group ) using arithmetic coding . The PM image coding performance in the lossy JPEG coding is also found to be inferior to that of general images including still life images , portraits , and landscapes .
The performance of CCDM degrades with decreasing output length . To improve the performance for short transmission blocks we present a class of multi-composition ( MC ) codes and an efficient arithmetic coding scheme for encoding and decoding . The resulting multi-composition DM ( MCDM ) is able to encode more data into distribution matched codewords than the CCDM and achieves lower KL divergence , especially for short block messages .
We address the problem of delay in an arithmetic coding system . Due to the nature of the arithmetic coding process , source sequences causing arbitrarily large encoding or decoding delays exist . This phenomena raises the question of just how large is the expected input to output delay in these systems , i.e. , once a source sequence has been encoded , what is the expected number of source letters that should be further encoded to allow full decoding of that sequence .
In this paper , Prediction error clustering and random permutations can be exploited to encrypt the images . Then an arithmetic coding based approach is proposed for compressing the encrypted images . To recover the original image , joint reconstruction is applied .
In system provide a highly efficient image encryption -then-compression ( ETC ) system , where lossless Compressions are considered . The proposed image encryption scheme operated in the p rediction error domain which to provide a reasonably high level of security .An arithmetic coding-based approach which provides efficiently compression of the encrypted images . Compression approach applied to encrypted images is only somewhat inferior , in terms of compression efficiency , to the state-of-the-art lossless image coders , which take input as original images .
The recommend encryption method for natural image data , operated under prediction error domain is said to contribute to fairly high level of reliability . Moreover , arithmetic coding-based approach has been beneficial in efficiently compressing an encrypted data of an natural image . Particularly , when it comes to compression efficiency of image data , the recommended approach of compression when applied over encrypted image data is worse , by just a few measures than the state-of-the-art lossless techniques which need actual original image data or the unencrypted image data for an input .
GENERALIZEDGAUSSIANMODELING Inthis paper wepresent anewmodel-based methodtocode thetransform coefficients ofaudio signals . Thehistogram oftrans- formcoefficients isapproximated byagenieralized Gaussian model forefficient model-based bitallocation andthespectrum iscoded byscalar quantization followed byarithmetic coding . Anexample coder operating at16kHzandusing predictive modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT)coding isdescribed .
CAVLC requires considerably less processing to decode than CABAC , although it does not compress the data quite as effectively . CAVLC is supported in all H.264 profiles , unlike CABAC which is not supported in Baseline and Extended profiles . The coding technique using conventional CAVLC based on area efficient design , the second is on low power design architecture will lead to low throughput .
The complex and time-consuming calculation of the arithmetic coding is replaced by a table lookup based on the proposed CABAC rate model for fast rate estimation . The context modeling part of CABAC is also simplified to accelerate the rate estimation process . The experimental results show that the proposed estimator follows the actual rate with the coefficient of determination R 2 = 0.9997 .
It has been achieved through scrambling of equal length bin strings . In our scheme , CABAC engine serves the purpose of encryption cipher without affecting the coding efficiency of H.264/AVC by keeping exactly the same bit rate , generating completely compliant bitstream and utilizing negligible computational power . Owing to no escalation in bit rate , our encryption algorithm is better suited for real-time multimedia streaming .
In addition , the rate errors are controlled by varying the bit length of the fractional part for the estimated bit in the rate estimation table . The experimental result shows that the CBAC engine provides 0.21 % BD-rate reduction on average , compared to the CABAC engine in the HEVC Test Model ( HM ) 13.0 encoder , when the bit length of the fractional part of the estimated rate is 3 .
In particular , the HDMI interface implemented is used to display decoded HEVC video in an HD display at a 1080p ( 1920x1080 ) resolution with a 60Hz refresh rate . Meanwhile , the data input system built on top of the SD Card interface provides encoded bitstream data directly to the synthesized HEVC Chip via the CABAC Engine at rates of up to 1.5 MBytes per second . Finally , verification techniques for the FPGA real-life demo are presented , including the use of the on-board DDR3 RAM present in the Xilinx VC707 Evaluation Board .
The application of the above method is a video decoding method for video decoding apparatus . WPP CABAC present invention may be a serial interface , a video decoding to improve the speed .
In this thesis work a new frequency domain curve-fitting compression framework is proposed as an extension to H264 Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coder (CABAC)[53 ] that achieves better compression efficiency at reduced complexity . The proposed Curvefitting extension to H264 CABAC , henceforth called as CF-CABAC , is modularly designed to conveniently fit into existing block based H264 Hybrid video Entropy coding algorithms . [ 74 , 61 ] Traditionally there have been many proposals in the literature to fuse surfaces/curve fitting with Block-based , Region based , Training-based ( VQ , fractals ) compression algorithms primarily to exploiting pixel-domain redundancies .
We integrated the ARI tool in the Joint Scalable Video Model software . Special attention was paid to the CABAC context model initialization . Further , the use , complexity , and coding performance of this technology is discussed .
Simulation results showthatthethroughput modes , thearchitecture achieves thesimilar throughput able achieved inbothmodesisbalanced , i.e. , theperformance of tosupport HDTV . thefastest CABAC version issimilar tothat oftheCAVLC path . Whenthedesign isimplemented inFPGAdevices , itis IndexTerms-Videocompression , H.264/AVC , FPGA , possible tosupport HDTV.Theefficiency ofthedesigned VLSIarchitecture architecture is examinedforvariousconfigurations distinguished withrespect tosupported coding options and
These error-resilience and progressivity properties are obtained without any penalty in compression efficiency . Codes with such properties are of strong interest for the binarization of-ary sources in state-of-the-art image , and video coding systems making use of , for example , the EBCOT or CABAC algorithms . A prior statistical analysis of the signal allows the construction of the appropriate binarization code .
Second , this thesis demonstrates how serial algorithms , such as Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ( CABAC ) , can be redesigned for parallel architectures to enable high throughput with low coding efficiency cost . A parallel algorithm called the Massively Parallel CABAC ( MP-CABAC ) is presented that uses syntax element partitions and interleaved entropy slices to achieve better throughput-coding efficiency and throughput-area tradeoffs than H.264/AVC . The parallel algorithm also improves scalability by providing a third dimension to tradeoff coding efficiency for power and performance .
Context-Based Binary Arithmetic Coding ( CABAC ) is one of two entropy coders used in H.264/AVC , which achieves a high compression ratio at the expense of high computational complexity . For real-time decoding of ultra-high resolution video , we propose a high-throughput hardwired CABAC decoder subsystem . By analyzing the distribution of different types of syntax elements ( SE ) , we propose a Two-Bin arithmetic decoding engine ( Two-Bin AE ) to generate two bins in one cycle for the most frequent SEs .
A fast decoding method is presented for memory-efficient context-based adaptive variable length coding ( CAVLC ) . The CAVLC algorithm in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC significantly increased the compression ratio compared with variable length coding ( VLC ) of conventional video coding standards such as H.263 and MPEG-4 visual because of adaptive use of neighboring blocks ' context . Implementation of the CA VLC decoding algorithm , however , is much more complicated than existing VLC decoding methods because of frequent access to the unstructured VLC tables , adaptive switching of tables , and five syntax elements .
This paper presents a novel architecture that exploits component-level parallelism and pipeline techniques capable of processing high-bitrate video data in a macroblock(MB)-level pipelined CODEC architecture . Additionally , some techniques for efficient CAVLC coding is presented because CAVLC is a dominant part of the syntax coding . The resulting architecture , merged in a MB-level pipelined CODEC system , is capable of coding up to 100 Mbps bitstreams in real-time , thus , accommodating the real-time encoding of 1080p 60 Hz video .
Many approaches are explored to solve the restrictions of parallelizing CAVLC caused by data dependency and branch/loop instructions . Experiment results show that our parallel CAVLC encoder on two stream processing platforms of STORM and GPU achieves 3.03x and 2.08x speedup over the original serial CAVLC respectively . Finally , the proposed parallel CAVLC encoder coupled with stream processor enables a real-time encoding of 1080p H.264 video .
This article presents an efficient parallel CAVLC encoder for H.264/AVC based on GPU . By optimizing the architecture of the encoder , three kinds of dependences are eliminated or weakened , including the context dependence , the memory accessing dependence , and the control dependence .
Entropy coding is a fundamental stage in all video compression algorithms in terms of compression efficiency and error resilience . In this paper we propose and optimize a digital signal processor (DSP)-based implementation of the CAVLC tools for the H.264 Baseline encoder . As result , we have been able to generate the bit stream and supply bit rate result : the LETI encoder is able to achieve high compression performance when proposing interesting video quality .
The ITU-T H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 Advanced Video Coding standard provides a reduction up to 50 % of the bitstream rate if compared to previous standards . Among the innovation presented we should highlight the CABAC entropy coding ( Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ) , which shows a reduction of 9 % to 14 % in the bit-stream rate , when compared to the CAVLC basic entropy coding . The strictly sequential nature of the algorithm introduces challenges for its efficient implementation , which requires dedicated hardware to achieve real time for high definition profiles .
CABAC can be used to encode the texture and the header data while CAVLC and UVLC are employed to encode the texture and the header data , respectively . Although CABAC can provide better R-D performance than CAVLC/UVLC , its decoding complexity is higher . Thus , by taking the entropy decoding complexity into account , CABAC may not be the best tool , which motivates us to examine the entropy coding mode decision problem in depth .
In this letter , we present a more efficient technique for CAVLC implementation . Compared with those previous CAVLC chips , our design requires the lowest hardware cost .
In this paper , we propose high-performance H.264/AVC CAVLC encoder for UD video real time processing . Statistical values are obtained in one cycle through the parallel arithmetic and logical operations , using non-zero bit stream which represents zero coefficient or non-zero coefficient .
Computationally intensive modules in the reference decoder are optimized for various hardware platforms . Especially , a fast group-based CAVLC entropy decoding algorithm is provided in detail , and several strategies are discussed from software optimization opinion . The experiments show that the speed of our developed software-based decoder is 3 times faster than that of the H.264/AVC reference decoder .
This paper proposes a VLSI design of CAVLC decoder used in H.264/AVC . The previous CAVLC hardware decoders are inefficient architectures due to some reasons . Firstly , they contain unnecessary decoding cycle .
Previously proposed parallelization approach could improve the decoding performance . However , some parallelization methods did not consider the entropy decoding and others considered only a partial decoding parallelization . Therefore , we consider parallel entropy decoding integrated with other parallel video decoding process on a multi-core system .
First , a compressed-domain watermarking scheme is proposed . Each 8 × 8 block in a JPEG compressed image is first processed by entropy decoding , and then the parity of the number of non-zero alternating current ( AC ) coefficients in each quantized discrete cosine transform ( DCT ) block is modified to embed the watermark . Second , the performances of the proposed watermarking scheme have been tested .
The invention provides a method and a system for realizing image rotation during digital television reception . The method comprises the following steps that : an entropy decoding module receives and decodes a video elementary stream to acquire a discrete cosine transform ( DCT ) transform domain matrix of a block or a block residue and a motion vector ; an inverse quantization module performs weighting inverse quantization on the DCT transform domain matrix and performs inverse transformation on each coefficient of the DCT transform domain matrix to a value before quantization ; an inverse DCT module converts the DCT transform domain matrix after the weighting inverse quantization into a space domain matrix ; a matrix transposition module performs matrix transposition operation on an original image block or an original image block residue and stores the transposed image block serving as one part of a reconstruction frame into a frame memory ; and the frame memory stores a display frame , the reconstruction frame and a predictive frame . By the method , rotation display can be performed on the image after video decoding under the condition of not increasing access times and storage space .
The entropy decoding unit divides the stream into an intra prediction mode index , motion information and quantization parameter sequence(residual block signal ) . The entropy decoding unit supplies motion information to a motion compensation prediction unit(240 ) . The entropy decoding unit supplies the intra-prediction mode index to an intra prediction unit(230 ) and a de-quantization/inverse transform unit(220 ) .
An encoding/decoding process of JPEG2000 requires much more computation power than that of conventional JPEG mainly due to the complexity of entropy encoding/decoding . Thus usually multiple entropy codec hardware modules are implemented in parallel to process entropy encoding/decoding . This module , however , requests many small-size memories to store intermediate data , and when multiple modules are implemented on a chip , employment of the large number of SRAMs increases difficulty of whole chip layout . In this paper , an efficient memory architecture of the entropy encoding/decoding module is proposed , in which three approaches are attempted by utilizing one-bank SRAMs and internal registers . As a result , the efficient memory organization for a target process technology can be explored
This module , however , requests many small-size memories to store intermediate data , and when multiple modules are implemented on a chip , employment of the large number of SRAMs increases difficulty of whole chip layout . In this paper , an efficient memory organization framework for the entropy encoding/decoding module is proposed , in which not only existing memory organizations but also our proposed novel memory organization methods are attempted to expand the design space to be explored . As a result , the efficient memory organization for a target process technology can be explored .
There will be no uncertainty if there is only one possible optimal state sequence for HHMM . This entropy-based decoding algorithm can be formulated in an extended or a reduction approach . We extend the entropy-based algorithm for computing the optimal state sequence that was developed from a first-order to a generalized HHMM with a single observational sequence .
The present invention belongs to the field of video encoding and decoding entropy , entropy encoding video discloses a video , an entropy decoding method , apparatus , comprises an entropy coding method shown , to be acquired encoded syntax elements to be coded block ; the syntax elements to be encoded into coding index ; the encoded into a codeword index value ; encoding the codeword according to the codeword value coding rule , to obtain the final codeword . The present invention is by introducing the coding index and regular variable length / fixed-length coding method , each syntax element of the new design code table , the code table for fast retrieval by the coding index , eliminating the traditional variable-length code tables take up more memory space and bitwise traversal required , protection of the premise encoding efficiency , greatly improved the implementation complexity of the mobile terminal device on the entropy decoding operation for limited hardware resources of the portable terminal .
Then , the graphics engine may then produce a decoded audio stream . This generation graphics engine various operations , for example , entropy decoding operation , an inverse quantization operation , and may involve performing an inverse discrete cosine transform operation . In embodiments , the content stream further comprises an encoded video stream .
The video decoding apparatus according to the present invention comprises : an entropy decoding means for performing entropy decodes the input bit , to derive the quantized transform coefficients associated with the target decoding unit ; inverse quantization means for performing inverse quantization of the transform coefficients after quantization , to derive transform coefficients ; deriving prediction mode information of adjacent prediction mode and the prediction mode prediction adjacent module , adjacent to the left , derived by using the neighboring prediction mode information for the target to derive the intra prediction mode decoding unit , and is performed based on the derived intra prediction mode to the intra prediction decoding unit target ; and an adder , based on the residual block for generating the transform coefficients generated by intra prediction and the prediction block are added to generating a reconstructed block , wherein the left neighboring intra prediction mode is the prediction mode with the target adjacent to the left of the decoding unit adjacent to the left unit , the prediction mode of adjacent upper side is adjacent to the decoding target unit intra prediction mode of an adjacent unit .
In order to be able to do so , however , dependencies that result from reusing sequential legacy code need to be eliminated . Experimental results gathered on a shared-memory multicore/multiprocessor system show that the presented parallel entropy-decoder scales well , but also that the obtained speedup depends in the time taken by the entropy decoding phase , due to the memory bandwidth bottleneck .
This compressed domain algorithms use the encoded information which shows fast computation in real time . This paper presents entropy level decoding of H264 baseline profile video stream . Partial decoding is an efficient way to improve the performance of many video applications .
For each entropy slice , entropy decoding is performed by utilizing a corresponding probability estimation alongthe corresponding entropy coding path , a previously decoded part of the corresponding entropy slice is utilized to debug the corresponding probability estimation along the corresponding entropy coding path , and a plurality of the entropy slices are subjected to entropy decoding in order by utilizing the entropy slices . In a process of performing entropy decoding on a predetermined entropy slice , based on the corresponding probability estimation , of the predetermined entropy slice , debugged by utilizing the previously decoded part of the corresponding entropy slice , and a probability estimation used in entropy decoding of a spatially neighboring , in entropy slice order preceding entropy slice at a neighboring part thereof , the current part of the predetermined entropy slice is subjected toentropy decoding .
Coarse-grain reconfigurable architectures can offer obvious advantages over the fine-grain counterparts for some specific applications . This thesis explores techniques to combine the two entropy decoding methods , context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding ( CABAC ) and context-based adaptive variable length coding ( CAVLC ) , provided in H.264/AVC using the coarse-grain reconfigurable architecture . By analyzing the similarities and differences between these two decoding processes , we show how to effectively merge the CAVLC into the CABAC decoder .
The context-based adaptive technology is introduced into the new standard , which can be said to be a technology renovation of the video coding . The main entropy coding technologies of H.264 include VLC ( Variable- Length Coding ) and CABAC ( Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ) . CAVLC is VLC and adopts the context-based adaptive technology , therefore the coding efficiency is greatly improved .
It can operate at 0.7 V for HD ( 720p , 30 fps ) video decoding and with a measured power of 1.8 mW. The highly scalable decoder can tradeoff power and performance across > 100x range . Second , this thesis demonstrates how serial algorithms , such as Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ( CABAC ) , can be redesigned for parallel architectures to enable high throughput with low coding efficiency cost . A parallel algorithm called the Massively Parallel CABAC ( MP-CABAC ) is presented that uses syntax element partitions and interleaved entropy slices to achieve better throughput-coding efficiency and throughput-area tradeoffs than H.264/AVC .
H.264/AVC is adopted as a next generation moving picture compression standard . Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ( CABAC ) is the major entropy coding algorithm employed in H.264/AVC . Although the performance gain of H.264/AVC is mostly resulted from CABAC , it is difficult to implement a high-throughput decoder due to its decoding complexity .
The next-generation 8 K ultra-high-definition video format involves an extremely high bit rate , which imposes a high throughput requirement on the entropy decoder component of a video decoder . Context adaptive binary arithmetic coding ( CABAC ) is the entropy coding tool in the latest video coding standards including H.265/High Efficiency Video Coding and H.264/Advanced Video Coding . Due to critical data dependencies at the algorithm level , a CABAC decoder is difficult to be accelerated by simply leveraging parallelism and pipelining .
Several candidate domains were analyzed and summarized to apply encryption to the latest video coding standard H.264/AVC , and a novel digital video encryption scheme based on CABAC(context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding ) was proposed . During the CABAC encoding , two kinds of secure encryption operations including RCME(regular coding mode encryption ) and BCME(bypass coding mode encryption ) were utilized , in order to encrypt residual coefficient codeword , motion vector difference codeword and intra-prediction mode , respectively .
CABAC(Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding ) among various entropy coding schemes which are used to improve compression efficiency in H.264/AVC has a high hardware complexity and the fast calculation is difficult because data dependancy exists in the bit-serial process . In this paper , the proposed architecture efficiently compose the renormalization process of binary arithmetic encoder which is an important part of CABAC used in H.264/AVC .
A hardware implementation of the Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding(CABAC ) decoder for H.264/AVC is presented . Based on the full use of the parallel architecture , an efficient solution for VLSI implementation is described .
Context-Based Binary Arithmetic Coding ( CABAC ) is one of two entropy coders used in H.264/AVC , which achieves a high compression ratio at the expense of high computational complexity . For real-time decoding of ultra-high resolution video , we propose a high-throughput hardwired CABAC decoder subsystem .
The most recent H.264 video coding standard adopted context-based adaptive variable length coding ( CAVLC ) as the entropy coding tool . By combining adaptive variable length coding ( VLC ) with context modeling , we can achieve a better coding performance .
In this paper , we outline a coding strategy that initializes the entropy coding engine of a video codec at pre-defined locations within a bit-stream . Coupled with the causal dependencies of state-of-the-art video coding systems , this enables wavefront processing of the entropy decoding and reconstruction process simultaneously .
This paper describes the emerging Issue 2 of the CCSDS-123.0-B standard for low-complexity compression of multispectral and hyperspectral imagery , focusing on its new features and capabilities . Most significantly , this new issue incorporates a closedloop quantization scheme to provide near-lossless compression capability while still supporting lossless compression , and introduces a new entropy coding option that provides better compression of low-entropy data .
Comparing to other entropy coding standard , CABAC(context adaptive binary arithmetic coding ) has more significant enhancement in compression . However , its encoding/decoding efficiency is low due to calculation complexity and costs in memory access .
Coding of transform coefficients for the video coding Wavelet-based medical image compression JPEG XS, a new standard for visually lossless low-latency lightweight image compression Towards MPEG-4 part 10 system on chip: a VLSI prototype for context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) Hiding depth information in compressed 2D image/video using reversible watermarking Parallel-Amplitude Architecture and Subset Ranking for Fast Distribution Matching Performance analysis of compression techniques for pathological microscopic images Arithmetic Coding Based Multi-Composition Codes for Bit-Level Distribution Matching Bounded Expected Delay in Arithmetic Coding Multi View Compressed Images Based On Distributed Coding Scheme Development of efficient Image Encryption then compression (ETC) System Systematic Intensification in Encryption and Compression of Natural Image Data using Prediction, Clustering and Permutation TRANSFORM AUDIOCODINGWITH ARITHMETIC-CODED SCALARQUANTIZATIONAND MODEL-BASEDBITALLOCATION FPGA Implementation of High Performance Entropy Encoder for H.264 Video CODEC Efficient CABAC Rate Estimation for H.264/AVC Mode Decision Fast protection of H.264/AVC by selective encryption of CABAC for I & P frames Coding efficiency of the context-based arithmetic coding engine of AVS 2.0 in the HEVC encoder Parallel implementation of sample adaptive offset filtering block for low-power HEVC chip Video data decoding apparatus and a decoding method A Novel Multi-Symbol Curve Fit based CABAC Framework for Hybrid Video Codec's with Improved Coding Efficiency and Throughput Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Residual Interpolation, a Tool for Inter-layer Prediction in H.264/AVC Scalable Video Coding ARCHITECTUREDESIGNOFTHE DOUBLE-MODEBINARIZATIONFORHIGH- PROFILEH.264/AVC COMPRESSION Progressive and Error-Resilient Transmission Strategies for VLC Encoded Signals over Noisy Channels Parallel algorithms and architectures for low power video decoding A high-performance hardwired CABAC decoder for ultra-high resolution video Memory-efficient H.264/AVC CAVLC for fast decoding A novel CAVLC architecture for H.264 Video encoding at high bit-rate Software parallel CAVLC encoder based on stream processing A high-efficient software parallel CAVCL encoder based on GPU DSP CAVLC implementation and optimization for H.264/AVC baseline encoder A novel architecture for CABAC decoding (H.264/AVC) Novel H.264/AVC entropy coding mode decision A Low-Cost CAVLC Encoder Parallel Architecture Design of H.264/AVC CAVLC for UD Video Realtime Processing H.264/AVC baseline profile decoder optimization on independent platform An advanced H.264/AVC CAVLC decoding architecture for low power implementation Integrated Parallelization of Video Decoding on Multi-core Systems Watermarking-Based Blind QoS Assessment for Wireless Image Communication Method and system for realizing image rotation during digital television reception Decoding method of inter coded moving picture Efficient memory architecture for JPEG2000 entropy codec Efficient Memory Organization Framework for JPEG2000 Entropy Codec A Novel Entropy-Based Decoding Algorithm for a Generalized High-Order Discrete Hidden Markov Model A video entropy encoding, entropy decoding method, apparatus Sharing video - audio pipeline Video decoding device Addressing the Bottleneck: Parallel Entropy Decoding H264/AVC Video Stream Parser For Baseline Profile A decoder, a method, a coder, a method and a storage medium 適用於H.264/AVC熵解碼器和反離散餘弦轉換之可重組化架構設計 A VLSI implementation of CAVLC for H.264/AVC Parallel algorithms and architectures for low power video decoding High Speed Decoding of Entropy Codes in H.264/AVC Based on a Symbol Prediction A Variable-Clock-Cycle-Path VLSI Design of Binary Arithmetic Decoder for H.265/HEVC Study of CABAC-based digital video encryption in the H.264/AVC standard Design of a Pipelined Binary Arithmetic Encoder for H.264/AVC An efficient VLSI architecture of the CABAC decoder in H.264 A high-performance hardwired CABAC decoder for ultra-high resolution video VLC Table Prediction Algorithm for CAVLC in H.264 Using the Characteristics of Mode Information McFIS in hierarchical bipredictve pictures-based video coding for referencing the stable area in a scene The New CCSDS Standard for Low-Complexity Lossless and Near-Lossless Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Compression [STUB] A High-performance Hardware Architecture of CABAC Decoder
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