Story highlights Authorities end cattle roundup, return livestock for safety reasons 
 
 Troopers reopen northbound Interstate 15 about 80 miles outside Las Vegas 
 
 "Tensions are still near the boiling point," Sen. Heller says 
 
 Some supporters of rancher were armed, authorities say 
 
 A tense, weeklong showdown appeared to end Saturday between the federal government and supporters of a Nevada cattle rancher battling the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) over grazing rights on federal land. 
 
 The BLM stopped rounding up rancher Cliven Bundy's cattle and returned about 300 head of cattle to the open range to avoid the potential for violence, according to the BLM and CNN affiliate KSNV. 
 
 The Old West-style controversy -- centering on a family that has been ranching in Nevada since the 1800s -- drew armed militia groups from across the country to the cattleman's side this week, especially after a YouTube video captured a tussle teetering on violence between rangers and protesters. 
 
 The BLM said Bundy owed about $1 million in back fees because his cattle grazed on federal land. 
 
 On Saturday, hundreds of protesters gathered outside the BLM's cattle gate, according to CNN affiliate KLAS. Some of them were armed. 
 
 "Due to escalating tensions, the cattle have been released from the enclosures in order to avoid violence and help restore order," the BLM said in a prepared statement. 
 
 Also Saturday, supporters of Bundy, some of them armed, forced a temporary shutdown of northbound lanes of Interstate 15 near his ranch, the Nevada Highway Patrol said. 
 
 "Based on information about conditions on the ground, and in consultation with law enforcement, we have made a decision to conclude the cattle gather because of our serious concern about the safety of employees and members of the public," said BLM director Neil Kornze. 
 
 The highway was reopened early Saturday afternoon after protesters moved to the side of the road and stopping blocking it. But traffic was backed up for three miles in both directions, Trooper Loy Hixson told CNN. He said nobody in the crowd threatened violence. 
 
 It was unclear whether Bundy and the BLM had come to an agreement on how to end the long-running conflict. 
 
 U.S. Sen. Dean Heller, R-Nevada, appealed for calm Saturday and told out-of-state supporters to return home. 
 
 "The dispute is over, the BLM is leaving, but emotions and tensions are still near the boiling point, and we desperately need a peaceful conclusion to this conflict," Heller said in a statement. "I urge all the people involved to please return to your homes and allow the BLM officers to collect their equipment and depart without interference. 
 
 "We are very close to a calm, peaceful resolution but it only takes the action of one individual to stir things up again and bring us back to the brink of violence and no one wants to see that happen," Heller said. 
 
 The growing protest came amid the BLM's decision to put an early end to a roundup of Bundy's cattle, which the feds claim have been illegally grazing on federal land for 20 years. 
 
 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Photos: Showdown in Nevada – Rancher Cliven Bundy, right, leaves the podium with bodyguards after a news conference near his ranch in Bunkerville, Nevada, on Thursday, April 24. Bundy and the Bureau of Land Management have been locked in a dispute for a couple of decades over grazing rights on public lands. Hide Caption 1 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Photos: Showdown in Nevada – Chris Shelton of Las Vegas interacts with his 1-week-old son as his mother Shelley Shelton holds his rifle during a Bundy family "Patriot Party" near Bunkerville, Nevada, on April 18. Hide Caption 2 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Photos: Showdown in Nevada – Bundy family members and supporters of rancher Cliven Bundy set up for a "Patriot Party" on April 18. The family organized the party to thank people who supported Cliven Bundy in his dispute with the Bureau of Land Management. Hide Caption 3 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – Cattle rancher Cliven Bundy talks to his supporters Friday, April 11, in Bunkerville, Nevada. They had been protesting the federal government's roundup of Bundy's cattle, which led to an Old West-style showdown last week. The government says Bundy's livestock has been illegally grazing on U.S. lands for 20 years. Bundy says his family's cattle has grazed on the land since the 1800s. Hide Caption 4 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – Brand Thornton carries a rifle at a protest site in Bunkerville on April 11. The controversy drew armed militia groups from across the country to Bundy's side. The Bureau of Land Management stopped rounding up Bundy's cattle on Saturday, April 12, and it says it returned about 300 head of cattle to the open range to avoid the potential for violence. Hide Caption 5 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – People gather at a protest area along State Route 170, near the cattle roundup on April 11. Hide Caption 6 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – A sign announces the closure of public land during the cattle roundup. Hide Caption 7 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – Krissy Thornton, right, and Burgundy Hall protest the cattle roundup on Wednesday, April 9. Hide Caption 8 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – Thornton, right, looks at a wound on Bundy's son Ammon on April 9. Bundy family members and dozens of supporters angrily confronted a group of rangers holding Tasers and barking dogs on Wednesday. Bundy family members say they were thrown to the ground or jolted with a Taser. Federal officials say a police dog was kicked and officers were assaulted. Hide Caption 9 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – The U.S. government was rounding up cattle that it says have been grazing illegally on public lands for more than 20 years, according to the Bureau of Land Management and the National Park Service. The Bureau of Land Management said Cliven Bundy owed about $1 million in back fees. Hide Caption 10 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – Cliven Bundy, left, and his son Dave talk to a reporter in Las Vegas on Monday, April 7. Bundy's dispute with the government began two decades ago, when the Bureau of Land Management changed grazing rules for the 600,000-acre Gold Butte area to protect an endangered desert tortoise, KLAS reported. Bundy refused to abide by the changes and stopped paying his grazing fees to the federal bureau, which he contends is infringing on state rights. Hide Caption 11 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – People help erect a pole so that they could hang a banner April 7 in support of Bundy. One banner at the protest side stated: "Has the West been won? Or has the fight just begun!" Hide Caption 12 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – Rancher Derrel Spencer speaks during a rally in support of Bundy on April 7. Hide Caption 13 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – Chris Miller holds his hand over his heart during a rally in support of Bundy on April 7. Hide Caption 14 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – Bundy's son Arden works at his father's ranch on Saturday, April 5. Hide Caption 15 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – Cliven Bundy, right, and Clance Cox stand at the Bundy ranch on April 5. Hide Caption 16 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – Bundy walks by a free speech area set up by the Bureau of Land Management on Tuesday, April 1. Hide Caption 17 of 18 18 photos: Photos: Showdown in Nevada Showdown in Nevada – Federal rangers block a road near Bunkerville, about 80 miles northeast of Las Vegas, on April 1. Hide Caption 18 of 18 
 
 JUST WATCHED Feds and cattle ranchers face off Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Feds and cattle ranchers face off 02:08 
 
 Earlier Saturday, Kornze said that contracted wranglers and U.S. rangers apparently made enough progress in rounding up cattle that belonged to Bundy, who is challenging federal authority in a valley that his family settled in the Wild West era. 
 
 The roundup occurred near the scenic Virgin River at Bunkerville, where Bundy's ranch is located. 
 
 "After one week, we have made progress in enforcing two recent court orders to remove the trespass cattle from public lands that belong to all Americans," Kornze said in a statement. 
 
 He was referring to how two different federal judges ordered the removal of Bundy's cattle. 
 
 Bundy's dispute with the government began around 1993 when the bureau changed grazing rules for the 600,000-acre Gold Butte area to protect an endangered desert tortoise, CNN affiliate KLAS reported. 
 
 Bundy, who's in his 60s, cites the Constitution in asserting that the state of Nevada holds sovereignty over the charging of grazing fees and, if he owes such a fee, he would pay it only to the local government -- not to the feds. 
 
 Bundy also contends his family has been ranching in the Virgin Valley on the Nevada range since 1877 -- long before the BLM even existed and before the tortoise was declared endangered. 
 
 Bundy has said he owns 500 of the more than 900 cattle that federal officials had been planning to confiscate for illegal grazing, according to local media accounts, with each head worth about $1,000. 
 
 The rancher couldn't be immediately reached for comment Saturday after the feds shut down the roundup. 
 
 On Wednesday, a scuffle between protesters and federal rangers was videotaped. 
 
 Bundy family members and their supporters confronted the rangers and angrily told them to leave Nevada. Fearing that the cattle were being killed in the roundup, they also demanded to know why a backhoe and dump truck was being used, but federal officials later said the equipment was used to restore the range. 
 
 For their part, federal rangers held Tasers and barking dogs on leashes during the faceoff. 
 
 Federal officials say a police dog was kicked and officers were assaulted. Bundy family members say they were thrown to the ground or jolted with a Taser. 
 
 In the end, the rangers got into their white SUVs and drove away, a YouTube video of the incident showed. 
 
 The incident is under federal investigation. 
 
 Gov. Brian Sandoval said Saturday of the BLM decision: "The safety of all individuals involved in this matter has been my highest priority. Given the circumstances, today's outcome is the best we could have hoped for. I appreciate that the Department of the Interior and the BLM were willing to listen to the concerns of the people of Nevada." 
 
 Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department Sheriff Douglas C. Gillespie issued a press release late Saturday night saying he mediated the agreement between the Bundy familiy and BLM. 
 
 "I want to stress to all of you that as the sheriff of Clark County I cannot interfere with the Federal government when it is operating on Federal land," Gillespie said. "And because this is BLM property, it is in their jurisdiction. But when a group of protesters threaten civil unrest or violence in this county -- it is my job to step in and ensure the safety of citizens." ||||| 1 of 9. Protester Chanley Iverson of Arizona waves the U.S. flag near the Bureau of Land Management's base camp where seized cattle, that belonged to rancher Cliven Bundy, are being held at near Bunkerville, Nevada April 12, 2014. 
 
 BUNKERVILLE, Nevada (Reuters) - A show of force was necessary to stop the government seizure and sale of embattled cattle rancher Cliven Bundy's cows, his son said on Sunday, a day after an armed standoff between federal agents and hundreds of Bundy's supporters. 
 
 "We were dedicated to opening those gates and peacefully walking through to retrieve those cattle," Ammon Bundy said in an interview. "The presence of weapons was needed in order to intimidate them." 
 
 The federal Bureau of Land Management began a roundup of the cattle from the Bundy ranch a week ago, contending he owes more than $1 million in back fees, penalties and other costs for grazing his cattle on public land and has ignored court orders. 
 
 Bundy stopped paying monthly grazing fees in 1993. The ranch is about 80 miles northeast of Las Vegas. 
 
 The issue simmered for a week with verbal and physical altercations and reached a boil on Saturday after nearly 1,000 supporters, included armed militamen from several western states, rallied on foot and on horseback with the family. 
 
 The four-hour standoff temporarily shut down Interstate 15 and ended when the bureau stopped rounding up cattle citing safety concerns and then agreed to return the cows. 
 
 The Clark County sheriff Doug Gillespie had delivered a bureau offer to leave, but keep the cows, and then helped negotiate the eventual end to the standoff, Bundy said. 
 
 "When we went up there, they knew we were serious," Ammon Bundy said. "They wanted to go. This thing was building and building and was going to continue." 
 
 Bundy said about 350 of the ranch's cows were recovered from bureau holding pens. Some of the animals were injured and a handful of calves, some so new their umbilical cords remained attached, were being bottle fed, he said. 
 
 Bureau officials could not be reached immediately for comment on Sunday. In a statement on Saturday, Director Neil Kornze said the bureau ended the cattle gathering because of serious concerns about the safety of employees and the public and would work to resolve the matter administratively and through the courts. 
 
 About 100 Bundy supporters, many wearing camouflage and carrying firearms, gathered on Sunday with the family for an informal church service at a makeshift protest command center. 
 
 Speakers offered a mix of prayer and religious testimony, denounced the federal government for excessive oversight on several issues, and called for the preservation of individual constitutional rights. 
 
 An Arizona state representative in attendance, David Livingston, said the battle over the Bundy cows would serve as a unifying event for lawmakers across 11 western states working on state sovereignty issues. 
 
 "This was a major tipping point," Livingston said. 
 
 Cliven Bundy, 76, said he had been touched by the supporters who stood by his family over the past week. 
 
 "I was really quite humbled to the fact that there are so many good people," Cliven Bundy said. 
 
 (Reporting by Jennifer Dobner; Editing by David Bailey and Michael Perry) ||||| Cliven Bundy What to read to prepare for the Bundys’ Nevada trial The first of a trio of trials related to the 2014 standoff has started. 
 
 The first of three trials of 17 defendants involved in the 2014 standoff between rancher Cliven Bundy, his supporters and the Bureau of Land Management is set to begin Feb. 6 at a federal courthouse in downtown Las Vegas. Defendants face up to 15 counts of charges including threats and assault on a federal officer. The trials are expected to take several months to complete. Lower-level defendants will be tried first, followed by standoff leaders including Cliven, Ammon and Ryan Bundy. The first group to be tried includes Eric Parker, who was famously photographed pointing a rifle toward federal agents during the Nevada standoff, as well as Richard Lovelien, Orville Scott Drexler, Gregory Burleson, Todd Engel and Steven Stewart. 
 
 Jim Urquhart/Reuters 
 
 The case will rehash the tense standoff in which federal agents attempted to impound Bundy’s cattle near his ranch in Clark County. Faced with reportedly hundreds of people gathered to protest, many bearing firearms, they backed down. The roundup was the last resort for the feds, who had tried legal means to force Bundy to pay his grazing fees for over 25 years. As of late last year, Bundy cattle still illegally roamed BLM land, and he owes $1 million in unpaid fees. 
 
 Yet the trials beginning this week are about much more than trespassing cattle; they symbolize what people on both sides of the political spectrum describe as a longstanding war in the American West over how to manage public lands and other natural resources. Cliven Bundy and many of his supporters believe the federal government has no legal grounds to own public land and has no jurisdiction over state or local authorities. But mainstream legal experts say this is misguided and conservationists insist collaboration with the feds is necessary to protecting fragile landscapes. The Las Vegas trial comes three months after the acquittal of Bundy’s sons, Ammon and Ryan, and five other defendants for their armed occupation of Oregon’s Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in January 2016. 
 
 We will be reporting from the ground on the Nevada trials. Below, what the staff of High Country News is reading to prepare: 
 
 The Las Vegas Review-Journal has been covering pretrial proceedings for months, including prosecutors’ requests to restrict defense attorneys from arguing that the Bureau of Land Management does not or should not own the land where Bundy’s cattle were rounded up. On Feb. 2, a judge agreed to dismiss one count. Review-Journal reporter Jenny Wilson has been tweeting the court hearings. 
 
 One of the case’s key players will likely be one-time BLM special agent in charge for Utah and Nevada, Dan Love, who helped orchestrate the Bundy cattle roundup. Love appears to be a somewhat polarizing figure, described as bold by his supporters and arrogant by critics. A former Utah BLM director Juan Palma defended Love earlier this year. “People try to blame (Love)” for the Bundy standoff, Palma told HCN. “But he was just the person that was called to be there and do all of that.” Love is also known for leading a 2009 raid in Blanding, Utah, of the residence of two people accused of trafficking archeological artifacts from local public lands. One of the accused committed suicide the following day, leaving deep wounds and resentment in the local community. Reread Los Angeles Times’ coverage of the events. 
 
 Potentially further complicating Love’s role in the trial, the Office of Inspector General released an ethics report on January 30, about an unnamed special agent. The Review-Journal reports that defense attorneys in the Bundy trial may believe the report is about Love, which means it could come up in the trial. The OIG investigation describes a BLM agent using his position to get tickets to Burning Man in 2015 and intimidate his colleagues. 
 
 During the trial, we will likely hear from the Bundys and their supporters on their beliefs around public lands and the U.S. Constitution. In the Malheur occupation trial in Portland last fall, Ammon Bundy took three whole days to discuss his personal story, including his beliefs on these topics. We’re rereading the U.S. Constitution and this HCN article that explains why the founding document does not support the claim that the federal government cannot own land in the West. We’re also rereading the report authored and approved by offices of 11 attorneys general in Western states last fall that found similar arguments circulating in Utah were deeply flawed. 
 
 Cliven Bundy believes that the land his cattle graze is the jurisdiction of the “sovereign state of Nevada.” Read this Atlantic article to understand how that contradicts the state constitution. For a historical look at land use tensions between the federal government and ranching communities in Nevada in particular, check out “The Angry West: Understanding the Sagebrush Rebellion in Rural Nevada,” by environmental and Western historian Leisl Carr-Childers. 
 
 Correction: This article originally stated that a federal judge dismissed one count of conspiracy to impede or injure a federal officer, when in fact, she dismissed a count of use and carry of a firearm in relation to a crime of violence, according to a spokesperson at the U.S. attorney's office in Nevada. Tay Wiles is an associate editor at High Country News. She can be reached at 415-730-8991, [email protected]. Follow @taywiles
– After a confrontation between locals and federal officials this week, the US has ended a Nevada cattle roundup early, CNN reports. "We have made a decision to conclude the cattle gather because of our serious concern about the safety of employees and members of the public," said Neil Kornze, director of the Bureau of Land Management, who was confirmed just this week. Some 400 cattle were gathered in the weeklong roundup; officials had planned to gather 900, the AP reports. Officials prompted local protests when they began gathering cattle that were illegally grazing on federal land some 80 miles northeast of Las Vegas, CNN notes. The animals belonged to rancher Cliven Bundy, who has allowed the illegal grazing for two decades. At issue is a 1993 law that altered grazing rules in order to protect an endangered tortoise. Bundy now owes the government $1 million in grazing fees, officials say. Bundy counters that according to the Constitution, Nevada should be in charge of such fees, rather than the federal government. A videotaped protest on Wednesday resulted in officials saying they were assaulted while protesters said they were thrown on the ground and tasered.