Russia were banned in November following accusations of state-sponsored doping 
 
 Russian track and field athletes remain banned from international competition, including the 2016 Olympics in Rio. 
 
 Athletics chiefs have decided not to lift the suspension, which was imposed in November following accusations of state-sponsored doping. 
 
 But individual athletes can compete as neutrals if they prove they are clean. 
 
 Meanwhile, Russian pole vaulter Yelena Isinbayeva said she would challenge the IAAF's decision in court, claiming it was "a human rights violation". 
 
 Isinbayeva, 34, who won Olympic gold in 2004 and 2008, added: "I'm disappointed and angry. I am offended. Nobody defended us. 
 
 "Nobody fought for our rights and there are huge concerns over the IAAF itself and its stance on defending the rights of clean athletes. 
 
 "We are blamed for something we have not done. I will not remain silent, I will take measures. I will appeal to the human rights court." 
 
 Russia anger over ban 
 
 Russian president Vladimir Putin described the ban as "unjust and unfair". 
 
 He said: "There are universally recognised principles of law and one of them is that the responsibility should be always personified. 
 
 "If some of the members of your family have committed a crime, would it be fair to hold all the members of the family liable, including you? That is not how it's done. 
 
 "The people who have nothing to do with violations, why should they suffer for those who committed the violations?" 
 
 In a statement, Russia's Ministry of Sport said it was "extremely disappointed" by the IAAF decision. 
 
 It continued: "Clean athletes' dreams are being destroyed because of the reprehensible behaviour of other athletes and officials. They have sacrificed years of their lives striving to compete at the Olympics and now that sacrifice looks likely to be wasted. 
 
 "We have done everything possible since the ban was first imposed to regain the trust of the international community. We have rebuilt our anti-doping institutions which are being led by respected international experts. 
 
 "Our athletes are being tested by the UK's anti-doping agency (UKAD) and every one of them is undergoing a minimum of three tests in addition to the usual requirements. We have nothing to hide and feel we had met the IAAF's conditions for re-entry." 
 
 Media playback is not supported on this device IAAF's Rune Andersen: "A hundred negative tests does not mean that an athlete is clean" 
 
 IAAF president Lord Coe said "no politics" were involved in the decision over Russia's ban. He emphasised the unanimous nature of the verdict and the international range of council members. 
 
 Coe also said he was "very happy" to return to the House of Commons culture, media and sport committee to give further evidence about doping and corruption in athletics, and when he was first made aware of allegations. 
 
 Reaction from the athletics world 
 
 The USA track and field team said it supported Russia's continued suspension "to ensure clean and fair competition for all athletes". 
 
 It added in a statement: "It is the only proper course of action given the compelling and powerful evidence presented to council. 
 
 "We do not believe that every Russian athlete cheated, and it is unfortunate and regrettable that some may pay a penalty for the serious transgressions of their federation." 
 
 UK Athletics chairman Ed Warner said it was imperative "no cheats slip through the net". He added: "This will allow more time for the authorities to ensure that systems are in place to protect all clean athletes who are playing by the rules. 
 
 "As one of very few truly global sports, we look forward to a time that Russia can return to competition." 
 
 Former long distance runner Paula Radcliffe praised the IAAF for taking a "strong" and "important" decision. 
 
 "They showed that they are ready to step up and fulfil their vital role for clean athletes in ensuring that all is done to maintain a fair and level playing field," said Radcliffe. 
 
 "It is now up to the IOC and other governing bodies to act. I sympathise with any clean athlete who loses out in all this but Russia plainly did not do enough to comply and showed a blatant disregard for the rules of our sport." 
 
 Former 110m hurdles world champion Colin Jackson questioned the idea of athletes being allowed to compete as neutrals. 
 
 "I think it would be really weird. For me the essence of the Olympic Games is representing your country," he told BBC Radio Wales 
 
 IAAF taskforce report - what Russia needs to do 
 
 A summary of the taskforce report states Russia must show a culture of zero tolerance towards doping in athletics. 
 
 Although significant progress has been made to meet the IAAF's criteria, work still remains. In particular: 
 
 The deep-seated culture of tolerance for doping appears not to have changed. The head coach of the athletics team and athletes appear unwilling to acknowledge the extent of the doping problem. 
 
 A strong and effective anti-doping infrastructure capable of detecting and deterring doping has still not been created. 
 
 There are detailed allegations that the Ministry of Sport has orchestrated systematic doping and cover-ups. 
 
 However, the report does state that if individual athletes can convincingly show they are not tainted by the system, they will be allowed to compete in international competition, not for Russia but as a neutral athlete. 
 
 British 800m athlete Lynsey Sharp responded to a tweet from Russia's Ministry of Sport 
 
 The country was suspended by the IAAF after an independent Wada report depicted a culture of widespread doping, with even the secret services involved. 
 
 Russian sports minister Vitaly Mutko has since said he is "very sorry" cheating athletes were not caught by the country's anti-doping systems, but stopped short of admitting the scandal had been state-sponsored. 
 
 A taskforce has been studying the Russian reforms but a fresh World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) report, issued on Wednesday, made more damaging claims. 
 
 Wada said officials in Russia were being stopped from testing athletes and threatened by security services. 
 
 International Olympic Committee (IOC) vice-president John Coates said Russia's athletes should remain banned and not be allowed to take part in the Rio Games this summer. 
 
 He also said Russia's anti-doping agency and athletics body were "rotten to the core". 
 
 IOC officials gather in Lausanne on Tuesday to discuss the matter, with some concerned a suspension will punish innocent athletes. 
 
 The IOC does have the power to overturn the IAAF's decision and allow the Russian athletics team to compete at the Olympics, which begin on 5 August. 
 
 "I would be very, very surprised if that happened," Coates said on Saturday. "It's an international federation's right to suspend a national federation and I don't think we would overturn that at all." 
 
 Analysis 
 
 Steven Rosenberg, BBC Moscow correspondent 
 
 It was always going to be an uphill battle, especially after the World Anti-Doping Agency published its latest report on Wednesday, and unsurprisingly Moscow is unimpressed. 
 
 Two-time Olympic pole vault champion Isinbayeva may not be the only one to take legal action against the IAAF. 
 
 "I think many sportsmen will go to court," Dmitry Shlyakhtin, president of the Russian Athletics Association, told me. 
 
 Former biathlete Alexander Tikhonov called it "the most incompetent decision in the history of world sport". 
 
 Before the decision, President Vladimir Putin had made one final attempt to convince the world that Russia's isolation in athletics should end now. He said the Russian authorities were "categorically against" the use of banned substances in sport. He argued that doping "isn't just a Russian problem. It's a problem of the whole sporting world" and warned against "collective responsibility". 
 
 In other words, the Kremlin believes that "clean" athletes should not be punished just because other athletes are breaking the rules. 
 
 What reforms has Russia implemented? 
 
 According to Mutko, Russia has been reforming its anti-doping programme since it was banned in November. 
 
 He says it has: 
 
 Introduced independent testing 
 
 Introduced additional testing 
 
 Overhauled the Russian Anti-Doping Agency 
 
 Overhauled the Russian Athletics Federation 
 
 Introduced stricter rules for doping 
 
 Introduced lessons on anti-doping in schools 
 
 Mutko insists Russia "has done everything the IAAF" has asked it to do in order to be "reinstated to athletic competition" and has hinted his country could take legal action if its athletics federation is not reinstated. 
 
 Russia says it is being unfairly victimised, claiming other countries have fallen foul of the Wada code, such as Kenya and Ethiopia, but are free to compete. ||||| CLOSE USA TODAY Sports' Rachel Axon discusses the International Association of Athletics Federation's decision to ban Russia's track and field athletes from the upcoming Rio Olympics. USA TODAY Sports 
 
 IAAF President Sebastian Coe speaks during a meeting of the IAAF Council at the Grand Hotel on June 17, 2016 in Vienna, Austria. (Photo: Christian Hofer, Getty Images for IAAF) 
 
 Russia’s track and field athletes will not be able to compete in the Rio Olympics, the International Association of Athletics Federations announced Friday, but individual athletes do have a way forward to compete as a neutral athlete. 
 
 In a historic decision, the IAAF voted unanimously to extend a ban of the All-Russia Athletics Federation (ARAF or RusAF) that has kept its athletes out of international competition since a World Anti-Doping Agency independent commission report released in November concluded Russia was running a state-sponsored doping program in athletics. 
 
 Noting significant progress toward satisfying verification criteria being monitored by an IAAF task force, Rune Andersen, chair of that group, said several other criteria have not been satisfied. 
 
 “In particular, the deep-seated culture of tolerance, or worse, for doping, that got RusAF suspended in the first place appears not to have been changed materially, to date,” he said in a news conference announcing the IAAF decision. 
 
 “The head coach of the Russian athletic team and many of the athletes on that team appear unwilling to acknowledge the nature and extent of the doping problem in Russian athletics, and certain athletes and coaches appear willing to ignore the doping rules. A strong and effective anti-doping infrastructure capable of detecting and deterring doping has still not been created.” 
 
 The IAAF council accepted the following recommendations from its task force monitoring the verification process: 
 
 ► That Russia’s track and field federation not be reinstated. 
 
 ► That the council pass a rule amendment allowing individual athletes who can “clearly and convincingly” show they have been subject to effective anti-doping systems and have not been tainted by the Russian system be able to apply to compete in international competitions as a neutral athlete. 
 
 ► That athletes who have made “an extraordinary contribution to the fight against doping” be able to apply for that exception, particularly that the case of whistleblower Yuliya Stepanova be viewed favorably. 
 
 ► That no RusAF officials, athletes or support personnel take part in international competition or IAAF affairs. 
 
 In the news conference, Andersen said efforts to test athletes in Russia have “encountered serious obstacles.” Additionally, RusAF is unable to enforce all doping bans and the Russian Anti-Doping Agency is 18-24 months away from compliance with the WADA code. 
 
 “The statement that we’ve made today is a very clear indication that over the long haul, our responsibility is to protect clean athletes and this is what this says,” IAAF President Sebastien Coe said. “In a system that has so badly failed the athletes in Russia, it is extremely difficult to define or have any presumption that athletes are in a safe and secure enough system for us to conclude that they are eligible for international competition.” 
 
 Already, the decision is set to face challenges. Pole vaulter Yelena Isinbayeva, a two-time Olympic gold medalist, told Russian news agency TASS that she would file a discrimination case in the court for human rights. 
 
 In a statement, the Russian Ministry of Sport said it felt it had met the IAAF’s criteria and appealed to the International Olympic Committee, which is holding a summit Tuesday to discuss “the difficult decision between collective responsibility and individual justice.” 
 
 The statement said, in part, “Clean athletes’ dreams are being destroyed because of the reprehensible behavior of other athletes and officials. They have sacrificed years of their lives striving to compete at the Olympics and now that sacrifice looks likely to be wasted.” 
 
 Andersen made clear that the exception for athletes would be narrow, saying the task force was advised by legal counsel to head off legal challenges that could come to the Court of Arbitration for Sport. 
 
 “The crack in the door, or the opening to apply for this is quite narrow,” Andersen said, “so there won’t be many athletes that will manage to get through the crack of that door because it’s clearly, they have to demonstrate that they have been subject to a credible anti-doping control system and that they are not tainted by the system in Russia.” 
 
 Doping entrenched in Russia 
 
 In the task force’s report to the IAAF council, it made clear how entrenched the culture of doping is in the country. 
 
 While the Russian federation replaced its entire council, decided to bar any athlete with a serious anti-doping rules violation from being considered for Olympic team selection and announced anti-doping classes would be taught in schools, among other improvements, it fell short of several other criteria. 
 
 In an interviews with the task force, Isinbayeva and Yuriy Burzakovskiy, the head coach of the Russian national team, acknowledged they have not read the independent commission report although both have made public statements dismissing its contents. 
 
 After retesting of samples from the Beijing and London Olympics revealed that 16 Russian track and field athletes had tested positive, Tatyana Firova, a 400-meter runner and one of those athletes, told the task force last week, “A normal person can take banned substances if they want to, so why can’t athletes take them as well? How else can we achieve high results?” 
 
 While the IAAF criteria required the Russian federation to create an environment that encourages whistleblowing, the task force found the federation, Russian Olympic Committee and Ministry of Sport “have adopted at best a highly ambivalent attitude” toward Stepanova. Last week, a spokesman for President Vladimir Putin referred to her as “Judas,” the report noted. 
 
 The task force noted a preliminary finding from a WADA investigation being led by Richard McLaren that there is sufficient evidence of “a mandatory state-directed manipulation of laboratory analytical results” in the Moscow lab from at least 2011 forward, a time period that includes the IAAF World Championships in Moscow in 2013. The Ministry of Sport advised the lab which findings to report to WADA and which to cover up, according to the task force report. 
 
 Such is the culture that no athlete can be presumed to be clean as a record of negative tests “is no guarantee of anything,” the report noted. It referenced a letter sent to the IAAF council in November by 14 “clean” Russian athletes asking not to be held responsible for others’ doping. 
 
 Two of those athletes have since tested positive in the retesting of Beijing and London samples. 
 
 The task force considered in preparing its report information released by WADA on Wednesday detailed attempts at obstruction, obfuscation and avoidance of drug testing in the country as recently as last month. 
 
 Of the 2,947 tests of Russian athletes in all sports from Nov. 18 to May 25, the IAAF conducted 655 and UKAD 455. From Feb. 15 to May 29, 736 tests were declined or canceled and there were 111 whereabouts failures. 
 
 “Certainly from all of the evidence that I saw, and I would expect they would have had more, it was clear the Russians had not done much to change their ways, even though they had lots of time to do it if they wanted to,” said former WADA president Dick Pound, who led the independent commission. 
 
 “Having seen that the IAAF was prepared to suspend them provisionally on the basis of the independent commission report, and you know they’ve appointed a task force with an independent chair to follow up things, you know that the German television program was pretty damning, you know that the WADA report about the difficulties they were having in Russia doing testing — you add all that together and you say what is possessing them to persist with that course of conduct? And why would they think that the IAAF would change its mind?” 
 
 IAAF action draws praise 
 
 The decisive action by the IAAF drew praise from athletes and anti-doping officials who were previously skeptical of whether meaningful sanctions would follow the uncovering of such widespread doping. Russian officials have for months wavered between flat-out denials of doping outside of a few bad apples to saying they were changing the culture around anti-doping in the country. 
 
 “I think it’s a really monumental and historic day in many ways for clean athletes and for clean, fair sports,” said Canadian Beckie Scott, chair of the WADA athletes’ committee. “We really commend the IAAF for siding on what we feel is the right side of the sport.” 
 
 Scott and Sarah Konrad, chair of the U.S. Olympic Committee’s athletic advisory council, have been among those calling for a greater investigation into Russia since November, when the independent commission report suggested doping could be a problem in other sports. 
 
 WADA is now conducting an investigation, led by McLaren, into doping at the Sochi Olympics after Grigory Rodchenkov, the former director of the Moscow lab, alleged in the New York Times last month that he had not only doped Russian athletes at the Games but that he swapped out the urine in those doping samples with the assistance of someone he believed to be from Russia’s security service. 
 
 WADA expects that report to be complete its report by July 15. 
 
 In light of those allegations, plus what is known about doping in athletics, confidence in sport organizations to respond appropriately has wavered. 
 
 “It’s been hard to keep faith in the system over the past year,” Konrad said. “I guess we’ll see what the next steps are. This is a lot bigger than athletics. There are more decisions to be made, but it’s a really, really great step in the right direction. 
 
 “This was just an incredibly and necessary decision, actually, to allow the Olympic movement to survive.” 
 
 USA Track & Field president and IAAF council member Stephanie Hightower called the process “thorough and fair” in a statement. Few in Russia are likely to agree, but outside of Russia, support echoed for the decision. 
 
 “What would we give to go back and hold East Germany accountable. It wasn’t,” said U.S. Anti-Doping CEO Travis Tygart. “Today, those who value the Olympic movement can be proud. We said a state and a federation infected by this level of corruption can be held accountable. And hopefully it sends a loud message that scares off any state in the future. If they attempt to get away (with it) … it’s not worth the risk.” 
 
 Contributing: Nancy Armour, Paul Myerberg 
 
 GALLERY: U.S. ATHLETES WHO HAVE QUALIFIED FOR RIO ||||| The commission was investigating allegations made in a German TV documentary about Russian athletics last year 
 
 Russia should be banned from athletics competition, a World Anti-Doping Agency commission report has recommended. 
 
 Wada's independent commission examined allegations of doping, cover-ups, and extortion in Russian athletics, which also implicated the IAAF, the sport's world governing body. 
 
 It says London 2012 was "sabotaged" by "widespread inaction" against athletes with suspicious doping profiles. 
 
 Media playback is not supported on this device Russia could be suspended - Coe 
 
 Russia was also accused of running a "state-supported" doping programme. 
 
 The report recommended that five athletes and five coaches should be given lifetime doping bans. 
 
 IAAF president Lord Coe told the BBC that the Russian athletics federation, Araf, had been asked to respond to the allegations by the end of the week. The 59-year-old said that after reviewing the feedback the IAAF "would look at a range of options, including sanctions", which could result in suspension from the sport. 
 
 "I'm not putting in a time frame but I will do whatever is necessary. This is not a swift road back," he added. 
 
 The commission's chairman, Dick Pound, who led a Wada news conference on Monday, also recommended that the Russian federation is banned from next year's Olympics. 
 
 "One of our hopes is they will volunteer to take the remedial work," he said. "If they don't the outcome may be no Russian track and field athletes in Rio. I hope they recognise it is time to change." 
 
 Media playback is not supported on this device Russian doping 'worse than thought' 
 
 Russia's sports minister Vitaly Mutko told Interfax news agency that recommendations made on the basis of the report would be fulfilled, while the acting head of Araf Vadim Zelechenok said it was not for Wada to call for suspensions. 
 
 He also told the R-Sport TV station: "Any suspension should be discussed at the meeting of the IAAF in November. It should be proven that any violations were the fault of the federation and not individual sports people. We should be given a chance to clear our names." 
 
 The international police body Interpol says it will be co-ordinating a global investigation into the suspected corruption and doping. 
 
 What are the key findings? 
 
 The report's co-author, sports lawyer Richard McLaren, believes it shows "a different scale of corruption", even compared with football's ongoing Fifa scandal, saying actual results at international athletics competitions had been changed because of cheating. 
 
 The report also: 
 
 Revealed many instances of inadequate testing and poor compliance around testing standards. 
 
 Suggested that neither the Russian athletics federation (Araf) the Russian anti-doping agency (Rusada), nor the Russian Federation can be considered anti-doping code-compliant. 
 
 Recommended that Wada withdraw its accreditation of the Moscow laboratory as soon as possible and advocated the permanent removal of its director Grigory Rodchenko, whom it accuses of asking for and accepting bribes and intentionally destroying samples he was told to keep. 
 
 Confirmed allegations that some Russian doctors and/or laboratory personnel acted as enablers for systematic cheating along with athletics coaches. 
 
 Identified the intentional and malicious destruction of more than 1,400 samples by Moscow laboratory officials after receiving written notification from Wada to preserve target samples. 
 
 Said that Russian security service FSB were present at the Moscow and Sochi labs and that this was part of a wider pattern of "direct intimidation and interference by the Russian state with the Moscow laboratory operations." 
 
 Found that Rusada gave athletes advance notice of tests, hid missed tests, bullied doping control officers and their families and took bribes to cover up missed tests. 
 
 Found that a number of Russian athletes suspected of doping could have been prevented from competing at the London 2012 Olympics had it not been for "the collective and inexplicable laissez-faire policy" adopted by the IAAF and the Russian athletics federation. 
 
 Found that Russian law enforcement was involved in efforts to "interfere with integrity of samples". 
 
 Found evidence of multiple rules breaches by IAAF officials and found the governing body to be "inexplicably lax in following up suspicious blood (and other) profiles". 
 
 Russia finished fourth, one place behind the hosts, in the London 2012 Olympic medals table 
 
 Which doping scandal is this? 
 
 The report was commissioned on a "very narrow mandate" to "determine the accuracy" of allegations made in a German TV documentary about Russian athletics last December. 
 
 It claimed Russian athletes paid 5% of their earnings to domestic doping officials to supply banned substances and cover-up tests, while athletics' world governing body the IAAF was implicated in covering up the abuse. 
 
 The programme's claims of widespread doping were made by former Russian Anti-Doping Agency (Rusada) official Vitaly Stepanov and his wife Yulia (nee Rusanova), formerly an 800m runner who was banned for doping. 
 
 It included testimony from Russian athletes admitting to using banned substances and evidence of doping and corruption. 
 
 Separate doping claims were made in August when The Sunday Times and a German broadcaster claimed that leaked blood tests from 5,000 athletes over 11 years showed an "extraordinary extent of cheating". The IAAF said the allegations were "sensationalist and infuriating" and the commission's remit was widened to include them. It will report back on those claims later in the year, Pound said. 
 
 An Athlete Biological Passport is an electronic document about the athlete that contains certain biological markers from throughout their career. If these markers change dramatically it alerts officials that the athlete might be doping 
 
 What happens next? 
 
 IAAF chief Lord Coe said the sport's governing body would wait for Russia's response before deciding whether to punish the country's federation. 
 
 "It is the right thing to do to get them to give us an answer," he told the BBC. 
 
 "I am responsible for the conduct of my sport and I want answers from the Russian athletics federation. I am tough enough to defend my sport but the point I would emphasise is this is not just limited to athletics or Russia. 
 
 "We clearly have to understand full scope of allegations. We will look at ourselves. We will move quickly on this. I want to see a sport which is transparent and accountable and I will do what I can to do that. It will not be a swift road." 
 
 BBC 5 live Track & Field special - Including former athletes Steve Cram, Paula Radcliffe and Darren Campbell examining the independent report on claims of corruption and cover-ups in world athletics.
– In what the New York Times calls "an extraordinary punishment that might be without precedent in Olympics history," the Russian track and field team has been banned from competition at the Summer Olympics. Seven months ago, the World Anti-Doping Agency published a scathing report accusing Russia of a doping scheme involving the government, law enforcement, athletes and coaches, and even doctors, a lab, and Russia's anti-doping agency. Since then, the nation's track and field athletes have been suspended from international competition; Russian authorities did not fight that suspension, though Russia has denied the allegations. The IAAF, track and field's global governing body, made the decision about the Rio Games Friday. USA Today says it will almost certainly be challenged, naming one pole vaulter who has threatened to file a discrimination case. Russian officials had volunteered to send only athletes who had never been disciplined for drug use. But, per a source familiar with the IAAF's decision, officials say Russia hasn't done enough to convince the world its athletes are clean. The International Olympic Committee will discuss the IAAF's decision next week, but the Times says it would be unusual for the IOC to amend the ruling. Whistleblowers have alleged that Russia's doping scheme has allowed athletes to appear clean even when they're not. Before the IAAF's vote Friday, Russia's sports minister released an open letter insisting that the country was fighting doping and noting that UK authorities recently conducted independent testing of Russian athletes. But WADA had earlier alleged that many Russian athletes evaded that testing and that Russian officials threatened the testing authorities.