The 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). Development and psychometric properties in a primary care sample. Construction and validation of a quality of life questionnaire in Chronic Lower Limb Venous Insufficiency (CIVIQ) Validity and reliability of the Persian versions of WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index and Lequesne Algofunctional Index Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population Validation of the Turkish version of the foot and ankle outcome score Functional Rating Index: A New Valid and Reliable Instrument to Measure the Magnitude of Clinical Change in Spinal Conditions The Schizophrenia Care and Assessment Program Health Questionnaire (SCAP-HQ): an instrument to assess outcomes of schizophrenia care. The PEDro scale had acceptably high convergent validity, construct validity, and interrater reliability in evaluating methodological quality of pharmaceutical trials. Italian version of ASES questionnaire for shoulder assessment: cross-cultural adaptation and validation
OBJECTIVE To develop and psychometrically test a brief patient-report instrument for measuring Shared Decision Making ( SDM ) in clinical encounters . METHODS We revised an existing instrument ( Shared Decision Making Question naire ; SDM-Q ) , including the generation of new items and changing the response format . A 9-item version ( SDM-Q-9 ) was developed and tested in a German primary care sample of 2351 patients via face validity ratings , investigation of acceptance , as well as factor and reliability analysis . Findings were cross-vali date d in a r and omly selected sub sample . RESULTS The SDM-Q-9 showed face validity and high acceptance . Factor analysis revealed a clearly one-dimensional nature of the underlying construct . Both item difficulties and discrimination indices proved to be appropriate . Internal consistency yielded a Cronbach 's alpha of 0.938 in the test sample . CONCLUSION The SDM-Q-9 is a reliable and well accepted instrument . Generalizability of the findings is limited by the elderly sample living in rural areas of Germany . While the current results are promising , further testing of criterion validity and administration in other population s is necessary . PRACTICE IMPLICATION S The SDM-Q-9 can be used in studies investigating the effectiveness of interventions aim ed at the implementation of SDM and as a quality indicator in health services assessment Quality of life may be considerably reduced in patients who are suffering from chronic lower limb venous insufficiency , although existing generic quality of life instruments ( NHP , SF-36 or SIP ) can not completely identify their specific complaints . The Chronic Venous Insufficiency Question naire ( CIVIQ ) has been developed by iterative process . First , a pilot group of 20 patients was used to identify a number of important features of quality of life affected by venous insufficiency , other than physical symptoms of discomfort . A second study involving 2,001 subjects was used to reduce the number of items . Subjects were asked to score both the severity of their problems and the importance they attributed to each problem on a 5-point Likert scale . The importance items found in patients with venous insufficiency were subjected to factorial analyses ( PCA , PAF ) . The final version is a 20-item self-administered question naire which explores four dimensions : psychological , physical and social functioning and pain . Internal consistency of the question naire was vali date d for each dimension ( Cronbach 's alpha > 0.820 for three out of four factors ) . Reproducibility was confirmed in a 60 patient test-retest study . Pearson 's correlation coefficients for both the four dimension subscales and for the global score at 2-week intervals were greater than 0.940 . Finally , the question naire was tested in a r and omized clinical trial of 934 patients in order to assess responsiveness and the convergent validity of the instrument , together with the patient 's own quality of life . This study demonstrated that convergence was valid : Pearson 's correlation coefficients between clinical score differences and quality of life score differences were small ( from 0.199–0.564 ) but were statistically different from 0 ( p<0.001 ) . St and ardized response mean ( SRM ) and effect size ( ES ) were calculated to assess sensitivity to change . SRM and ES both demonstrated considerble responsiveness to change ( > 0.80 ) . Reliability , face , content , construct validity and responsiveness were also determined for this specific quality of life question naire relating to venous insufficiency . Results suggest that this question naire may be used with confidence to assess quality of life in clinical trials on chronic venous insufficiency The WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index and Lequesne Algofunctional Index have not been translated and vali date d for Iranian patients with osteoarthritis ( OA ) of the knee or hip . The aim of this study was to vali date the Persian form of WOMAC OA Index and Lequesne Algofunctional Index and to assess their test – retest reliability and convergent validity . Forward/backward translations and consensus panels were conducted to obtain the Persian versions of WOMAC OA Index and Lequesne Algofunctional Index .  A non-probability sample of 116 patients with knee/hip osteoarthritis was asked to complete the WOMAC OA Index and Lequesne Algofunctional Index as well as Medical Outcomes Study —20-Item Short Form ( SF-20 ) question naires , a visual analogue scales ( VAS ) of pain and demographic information form . Internal consistency ( using Cronbach ’s alpha ) and convergent validity ( by examining the Pearson ’s correlation coefficients ) were evaluated to determine the psychometric properties of the question naires . In order to evaluate test – retest reliability , 20 r and omly selected patients completed the question naires , on a second occasion , 7–10 days later . Cronbach ’s alpha coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients for the WOMAC OA Index and Algofunctional Index subscales ranged from 0.63 to 0.94 and from 0.53 to 0.96 , respectively . Statistically significant correlations were found between WOMAC OA Index , Algofunctional Index and SF-20 subscales and VAS for pain . The Persian version of WOMAC demonstrated a more acceptable validity , internal consistency and reliability compared with the Lequesne Algofunctional Index . However , both indices are valid and reliable instruments for evaluating the OA severity of knee/hip in Iran Objectives Question naires are essential for measuring tinnitus severity and intervention-related change but there is no st and ard instrument used routinely in research setting s. Most tinnitus question naires are optimised for measuring severity but not change . However , the Tinnitus Functional Index ( TFI ) cl aims to be optimised for both . It has not however been fully vali date d for research purpose s. Here we evaluate the relevant psychometric properties of the TFI , specifically the question naire factor structure , reproducibility , validity and responsiveness guided by quality criteria for the measurement properties of health-related question naires . Methods The study involved a retrospective analysis of data collected for 294 members of the general public who participated in a r and omised controlled trial of a novel tinnitus device ( Clinical Trials.gov Identifier : NCT01541969 ) . Participants completed up to eight commonly used assessment question naires including the TFI , Tinnitus H and icap Inventory ( THI ) , Tinnitus H and icap Question naire ( THQ ) , a Visual Analogue Scale of loudness ( VAS-Loudness ) , Percentage Annoyance question , the Beck 's Depression Inventory ( BDI ) , Beck 's Anxiety Inventory ( BAI ) , and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life-Bref ( WHOQOL-BREF ) . A series of analyses assessed the study objectives . Forty four participants completed the TFI at a second visit ( within 7–21 days and before receiving any intervention ) providing data for reproducibility assessment s. Results The 8-factor structure was not fully confirmed for this general ( non- clinical ) population . Whilst it was acceptable st and alone subscale , the ‘ auditory ’ factor showed poor loading with the higher order factor ‘ functional impact of tinnitus ’ . Reproducibility assessment s for the overall TFI indicate high internal consistency ( α = 0.80 ) and extremely high reliability ( ICC : 0.91 ) , whilst agreement was borderline acceptable ( 93 % ) . Construct validity was demonstrated by high correlations between scores on the TFI and THI ( r = 0.82 ) and THQ ( r = 0.82 ) , moderate correlations with VAS-L ( r = 0.46 ) , PR-A ( r = 0.58 ) , BDI ( r = 0.57 ) , BAI ( r = 0.39 ) and WHOQOL ( r = −0.48 ) . Floor effects were observed for more than 50 % of the items . A smallest detectable change score of 22.4 is proposed for the TFI global score . Conclusion Even though the proposed 8-factor structure was not fully confirmed for this population , the TFI appears to cover multiple symptom domains , and to measure the construct of tinnitus with an excellent reliability in distinguishing between patients . While the TFI may discriminate those whose tinnitus is not a problem , floor effects in many items means it is less appropriate as a measure of change in this subgroup . Further investigation is needed to determine whether these effects are relevant in other population The objective is to develop a Turkish version of the foot and ankle outcome score ( FAOS ) and to investigate its validity and reliability . The Turkish version of FAOS was developed after the translation and back-translation . The translated version was pretested on 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis . Then , the Turkish FAOS was administered to 55 patients having foot and ankle problems . They were also evaluated by using the four subscales of the Turkish version of AIMS 2 , and the Turkish version of SF-36 question naire to test validity . Fifty patients filled out the FAOS for second time to determine test – retest reliability . Construct validity was investigated with use of Spearman ’s rank correlation coefficient . Test – retest reliability was assessed with use of the intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC ) and Cronbach ’s alpha score . The psychometric properties of the Turkish FAOS were generally similar to the original FAOS . The r and om ICC for the five subscales ranged from 0.70 to 0.96 . The Cronbach ’s alpha coefficient ranged from 0.79 to 0.97 . Construct validity of the FAOS was good . The Turkish FAOS correlated with the SF-36 and AIMS 2 scales . The Turkish version of FAOS was valid and reliable instrument to assess the foot and ankle related problems . However , to assess its responsiveness further studies are needed Study Design . A prospect i ve cohort design was used to evaluate the Functional Rating Index in a multicentered setting with 139 participants . The Functional Rating Index is a self-reporting instrument consisting of 10 items , each with 5 possible responses that express graduating degrees of disability . Objectives . The goal of this study was to evaluate the psychometric qualities of the Functional Rating Index . Summary of Background Data . The Functional Rating Index combines the concepts of the Oswestry Low Back Disability Question naire and the Neck Disability Index and seeks to improve on clinical utility ( time required for administration ) . Methods . One hundred thirty-nine subjects with spinal complaints participated in four different cohorts to study reliability , validity , responsiveness , and clinical utility . Results . Reliability : Test-retest : Intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent ( ICC3,k = 0.99 ) ; interitem correlation : Item efficiency was good , ranging between 0.54 and 0.82 , with a moderate correlation among all items ; Cronbach ’s alpha was excellent ( 0.92 ) . Validity : construct : The Functional Rating Index correlated with the Disability Rating Index ( 0.76 ) , the Short Form-12 Physical Component Score ( 0.76 ) , and the Short Form-12 Mental Component Score ( 0.36 ) . Responsiveness : Overall , the size effect was 1.24 , which is commendable . Clinical utility : Time required by the patient and staff averaged 78 seconds per administration , which is noteworthy . Effect of Sociodemographics : Total scores were not affected by education , gender , nor age , suggesting minimal external validity bias . Conclusions . The Functional Rating Index appears to be psychometrically sound with regard to reliability , validity , and responsiveness and is clearly superior to other instruments with regard to clinical utility . The Functional Rating Index is a promising useful instrument in the assessment of spinal conditions Advances in treatment technologies and development of evidence -based st and ards of care dem and better methods for routine assessment of outcomes for schizophrenia in systems of care . This article describes the development and psychometrics of a new instrument to assess outcomes of routine care for persons with schizophrenia in service systems . C and i date items for the Schizophrenia Care and Assessment Program Health Question naire ( SCAP-HQ ) were drawn from existing measures . Domains covered include disease outcomes ( symptoms , subjective medication effects , substance abuse ) , functional status , health status , quality of life , and public safety . A sample of 1,584 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were recruited into a large prospect i ve , naturalistic study on the course of treatment for schizophrenia completed the SCAP-HQ at baseline and 1 year later ( n = 434 ) , providing data for factor analysis , assessment of internal consistency , convergent validity , and responsiveness to change . A sub sample of 121 patients completed a test-retest protocol . Fifteen scales were derived by factor analysis from 55 outcome items on the SCAP-HQ . These factors covered psychiatric symptoms , life satisfaction , instrumental activities of daily living , health-related disability , subjective medication side effects , vitality , legal problems , social relations , mental health-related disability , suicidality , drug and alcohol use , daily activities , victimization , violence , and employment . For most scales , st and ard psychometric parameters , including internal consistency and test-retest reliability , convergent validity , and responsiveness to change , were acceptable for application to large sample evaluations of care systems . This new measure represents an advance in the development of outcome measures for schizophrenia for use in large-scale studies of routine care BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The Physiotherapy Evidence Data base ( PEDro ) scale has been widely used to investigate method ological quality in physiotherapy r and omized controlled trials ; however , its validity has not been tested for pharmaceutical trials . The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and interrater reliability of the PEDro scale for pharmaceutical trials . The reliability was also examined for the Cochrane Back and Neck ( CBN ) Group risk of bias tool . METHODS This is a secondary analysis of data from a previous study . We considered r and omized placebo controlled trials evaluating any pain medication for chronic spinal pain or osteoarthritis .  Convergent validity was evaluated by correlating the PEDro score with the summary score of the CBN risk of bias tool . The construct validity was tested using a linear regression analysis to determine the degree to which the total PEDro score is associated with treatment effect sizes , journal impact factor , and the summary score for the CBN risk of bias tool . The interrater reliability was estimated using the Prevalence and Bias Adjusted Kappa coefficient and 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) for the PEDro scale and CBN risk of bias tool . RESULTS Fifty-three trials were included , with 91 treatment effect sizes included in the analyses . The correlation between PEDro scale and CBN risk of bias tool was 0.83 ( 95 % CI 0.76 - 0.88 ) after adjusting for reliability , indicating strong convergence . The PEDro score was inversely associated with effect sizes , significantly associated with the summary score for the CBN risk of bias tool , and not associated with the journal impact factor . The interrater reliability for each item of the PEDro scale and CBN risk of bias tool was at least substantial for most items ( > 0.60 ) . The intraclass correlation coefficient for the PEDro score was 0.80 ( 95 % CI 0.68 - 0.88 ) , and for the CBN , risk of bias tool was 0.81 ( 95 % CI 0.69 - 0.88 ) . CONCLUSION There was evidence for the convergent and construct validity for the PEDro scale when used to evaluate method ological quality of pharmacological trials . Both risk of bias tools have acceptably high interrater reliability The patient-oriented measures , represented by self-administered question naire , have become an important aspect of clinical outcome assessment . To be used with different language groups and in different countries , question naires must be translated and adapted to new cultural characteristics and then vali date d by a widely accepted process to evaluate reliability and validity , fundamental characteristic for each measure . The aim of the study is to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and to assess the Italian version instrument reliability and validity . The study design is a cross-cultural adaptation and cross-sectional study of a sample of patients affected by shoulder disorder with a sub sample followed prospect ively for retest reliability . The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons St and ardized Shoulder Assessment Form was culturally adapted for Italian-speaking people , following the simplified Guillemin criteria . Reliability and validity were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 50 consecutive patients affected by shoulder disorder . A sub- sample of 20 patients was followed prospect ively for retest reliability . The results were compared with other vali date d patient-oriented measures . The ASES scales showed a high correlation with other patient-oriented measures , as hypothesized , and it also showed good values with regard to reproducibility , consistency and validity , to the original versions published in English . These findings suggest that the evaluation capacities of the Italian version of ASES are equivalent to those of English language version
No difference was found in the strength of correlation between validation against the most similar construct versus validation against the least similar construct .
It is concluded that the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale ( AIMS ) is the most suitable instrument for the assessment of disabilities in personal care
OBJECTIVES The first aim was to make an inventory of available instruments and question naires for the assessment of  disabilities  in personal care in patients with rheumatic disorders .
The second aim was to investigate which of these instruments have acceptable , method ological quality with regard to reliability , validity and responsiveness .
The third aim was to investigate the assumption that convergent validity results in stronger correlations when vali date d against a more similar construct .