The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes The effects of sodium butyrate and inulin supplementation on angiotensin signaling pathway via promotion of Akkermansia muciniphila abundance in type 2 diabetes; A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Oral chondroitin sulfate and prebiotics for the treatment of canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a randomized, controlled clinical trial Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Hormonal Profiles, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. The effects of synbiotic supplementation on hormonal status, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 by healthy elderly adults enhances phagocytic activity of monocytes and granulocytes The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Supplementation of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 in Diet-Induced Obese Mice Is Associated with Gut Microbial Changes and Reduction in Obesity Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Serum Values of Gamma-glutamyl transferase, Pseudocholinesterase, Bilirubin, Ferritin, and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Fighting Fatty Liver Diseases with Nutritional Interventions, Probiotics, Symbiotics, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT).
Abstract Objective : This study was design ed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation , oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes  among subjects with gestational diabetes ( GDM ) . Methods : This r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial was done among 60 subjects with GDM who were not on oral hypoglycemic agents . Patients were r and omly allocated to intake either probiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum ( 2 × 109 CFU/g each ) ( n = 30 ) or placebo ( n = 30 ) for six weeks . Results : Compared with the placebo , probiotic supplementation result ed in significant decreases in fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) ( −5.3 ± 6.7 vs. + 0.03 ± 9.0 mg/dL , p = .01 ) , serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) ( −2.2 ± 2.7 vs. + 0.5 ± 2.4 μg/mL , p < .001 ) , plasma malondialdehyde ( MDA ) concentrations ( −0.1 ± 0.8 vs. + 0.5 ± 1.5 μmol/L , p = .03 ) and MDA/TAC ratio ( −0.0003 ± 0.0008 vs. + 0.0009 ± 0.002 , p = .004 ) , and a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) levels ( + 65.4 ± 103.3 vs. −37.2 ± 143.7 mmol/L , p = .002 ) . Probiotic supplementation did not affect pregnancy outcomes . Conclusions : Overall , probiotic supplementation among women with GDM for six weeks had beneficial effects on FPG , serum hs-CRP , plasma TAC , MDA and oxidative stress index , but did not affect pregnancy outcomes Introduction : Inflammation has a crucial role in the progression of cardiovascular disease in diabetes . Tumour necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) as an inflammatory marker induces angiotensin II ( Ang II ) related hypertension pathway in diabetic patients . Gut modulation via prebiotics may ameliorate hypertension caused by inflammation . The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sodium butyrate ( NaBut ) and inulin supplements on inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in type 2 diabetic patients . Methods : In this clinical trial , 60 overweight and obese diabetic patients were recruited and r and omly allocated into four groups . The groups received , respectively , 600 mg/d NaBut ( group A ) , 10 g/d inulin powder ( group B ) , both inulin and NaBut ( group C ) , or placebo ( group D ) for 45 consecutive days . Blood and stool sample s were collected at baseline and after intervention . Quantitative real-time PCR analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Akkermansia muciniphila was done . We assessed the TNF-α mRNA expression and the serum levels of the high sensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) . Results : There was a significant increase in A. muciniphila percent change in inulin and butyrate supplemented groups ( P < 0.05 ) . Furthermore , significant decrease was seen in TNF-α mRNA expression in group A ( fold change 0.88 ± 0.16 , P < 0.05 ) , group B ( fold change 0.75 ± 0.18 , P < 0.05 ) and group C ( fold change 0.91 ± 0.32 , P < 0.05 ) . Also hs-CRP , MDA and diastolic blood pressure levels decreased significantly in these groups ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion : Intervention had significant effects on inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters and led to improvement of hypertension . However , further investigations are needed to make concise conclusions Background Canine inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) is a chronic enteropathy of unknown etiology , although microbiome dysbiosis , genetic susceptibility , and dietary and /or environmental factors are hypothesized to be involved in its pathogenesis . Since some of the current therapies are associated with severe side effects , novel therapeutic modalities are needed . A new oral supplement for long-term management of canine IBD containing chondroitin sulfate ( CS ) and prebiotics ( resistant starch , β-glucans and mannaoligosaccharides ) was developed to target intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress , and restore normobiosis , without exhibiting any side effects . This double-blinded , r and omized , placebo-controlled trial in dogs with IBD aims to evaluate the effects of 180 days administration of this supplement together with a hydrolyzed diet on clinical signs , intestinal histology , gut microbiota , and serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress . Results Twenty-seven client-owned biopsy-confirmed IBD dogs were included in the study , switched to the same hydrolyzed diet and classified into one of two groups : supplement and placebo . Initially , there were no significant differences between groups ( p > 0.05 ) for any of the studied parameters . Final data analysis ( supplement : n = 9 ; placebo : n = 10 ) showed a significant decrease in canine IBD activity index ( CIBDAI ) score in both groups after treatment ( p < 0.001 ) . After treatment , a significant decrease ( 1.53-fold ; p < 0.01 ) in histologic score was seen only in the supplement group . When groups were compared , the supplement group showed significantly higher serum cholesterol ( p < 0.05 ) and paraoxonase-1 ( PON1 ) levels after 60 days of treatment ( p < 0.01 ) , and the placebo group showed significantly reduced serum total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) levels after 120 days ( p < 0.05 ) . No significant differences were found between groups at any time point for CIBDAI , WSAVA histologic score and fecal microbiota evaluated by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP ) . No side effects were reported in any group . Conclusions The combined administration of the supplement with hydrolyzed diet over 180 days was safe and induced improvements in selected serum biomarkers , possibly suggesting a reduction in disease activity . This study was likely underpowered , therefore larger studies are warranted in order to demonstrate a supplemental effect to dietary treatment of this supplement on intestinal histology and CIBDAI BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge , data on effects of probiotic administration on hormonal profiles , biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) are scarce . This investigation was conducted to assess the effects of probiotic supplementation on hormonal profiles , biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with PCOS . METHODS This r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 60 women with PCOS , aged 18 - 40 years old . Subjects were r and omly assigned into 2 groups to receive either probiotics or placebo ( n = 30 each group ) for 12 weeks . Metabolic profiles were quantified at baseline and after a 12-week intervention . RESULTS After the 12-week intervention , compared with placebo , probiotic supplementation significantly increased serum sex hormone-binding globulin ( SHBG ) ( + 25.9 ± 32.5 vs. + 0.5 ± 15.6 nmol/L , P < 0.001 ) and plasma total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) ( + 8.8 ± 120.5 vs. -98.3 ± 246.4 mmol/L , P = 0.04 ) , and significantly decreased serum total testosterone ( -0.2 ± 0.7 vs. + 0.2 ± 0.6 ng/mL , P = 0.03 ) , modified Ferriman-Gallwey ( mF-G ) scores ( -1.7 ± 1.5 vs. -0.2 ± 1.0 , P < 0.001 ) , serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) ( -1150.0 ± 1295.2 vs. + 202.5 ± 1426.3 ng/mL , P < 0.001 ) and plasma malondialdehyde ( MDA ) concentrations ( -0.2 ± 0.6 vs. + 0.9 ± 1.3 µmol/L , P < 0.001 ) . We did not observe any detrimental effect of probiotic supplementation on other metabolic profiles . CONCLUSION Overall , probiotic supplementation of PCOS women for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on total testosterone , SHBG , mFG scores , hs-CRP , TAC and MDA levels but did not affect other metabolic profiles Background To our knowledge , no reports are available indicating the effects of synbiotic supplementation on hormonal status , biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . This research was done to assess the effects of synbiotic supplementation on hormonal status , biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with PCOS . Methods This r and omized double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 60 subjects diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria . Subjects were r and omly assigned into two groups to take either synbiotic ( n = 30 ) or placebo ( n = 30 ) for 12 weeks . Endocrine , inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers were quantified at baseline and after the 12-week intervention . Results After the 12-week intervention , compared with the placebo , synbiotic supplementation significantly increased serum sex hormone-binding globulin ( SHBG ) ( changes from baseline in synbiotic group : + 19.8 ± 47.3 vs. in placebo group : + 0.5 ± 5.4 nmol/L , p = 0.01 ) , plasma nitric oxide ( NO ) ( changes from baseline in synbiotic group : + 5.5 ± 4.8 vs. in placebo group : + 0.3 ± 9.1 μmol/L , p = 0.006 ) , and decreased modified Ferriman Gallwey ( mF-G ) scores ( changes from baseline in synbiotic group : − 1.3 ± 2.5 vs. in placebo group : − 0.1 ± 0.5 , p = 0.01 ) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) ( changes from baseline in synbiotic group : − 950.0 ± 2246.6 vs. in placebo group : + 335.3 ± 2466.9 ng/mL , p = 0.02 ) . We did not observe any significant effect of synbiotic supplementation on other hormonal status and biomarkers of oxidative stress . Conclusions Overall , synbiotic supplementation for 12 weeks in PCOS women had beneficial effects on SHBG , mFG scores , hs-CRP and NO levels , but did not affect other hormonal status and biomarkers of oxidative stress . Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered in the Iranian website ( www.i rct .ir ) for registration of clinical trials ( I RCT 201509115623N53 ) , on 2015–09 - 27 Abstract Synbiotics are known to exert multiple beneficial effects , including anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions . This study was design ed to evaluate the effects of synbiotic administration on biomarkers of inflammation , oxidative stress , and pregnancy outcomes among gestational diabetic ( GDM ) women . This r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out among 60 subjects with GDM who were not on oral hypoglycemic agents . Patients were r and omly assigned to consume either one synbiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus acidophilus strain T16 ( IBRC-M10785 ) , L. casei strain T2 ( IBRC-M10783 ) , and Bifidobacterium bifidum strain T1 ( IBRC-M10771 ) ( 2 × 109 CFU/g each ) plus 800 mg inulin ( HPX ) ( n = 30 ) or placebo ( n = 30 ) for 6 weeks . Compared with the placebo , synbiotic supplementation significantly decreased serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) ( − 1.9 ± 4.2 vs. + 1.1 ± 3.5 mg/L , P = 0.004 ) , plasma malondialdehyde ( MDA ) ( − 0.1 ± 0.6 vs. + 0.3 ± 0.7 μmol/L , P = 0.02 ) , and significantly increased total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) ( + 70.1 ± 130.9 vs. − 19.7 ± 124.6 mmol/L , P = 0.009 ) and total glutathione ( GSH ) levels ( + 28.7 ± 61.5 vs. − 14.9 ± 85.3 μmol/L , P = 0.02 ) . Supplementation with synbiotic had a significant decrease in cesarean section rate ( 16.7 vs. 40.0 % , P = 0.04 ) , lower incidence of hyperbilirubinemic newborns ( 3.3 vs. 30.0 % , P = 0.006 ) , and newborns ’ hospitalization ( 3.3 vs. 30.0 % , P = 0.006 ) compared with the placebo . Synbiotic supplementation did not affect plasma nitric oxide ( NO ) levels and other pregnancy outcomes . Overall , synbiotic supplementation among GDM women for 6 weeks had beneficial effects on serum hs-CRP , plasma TAC , GSH , and MDA ; cesarean section ; incidence of newborn ’s hyperbilirubinemia ; and newborns ’ hospitalization but did not affect plasma NO levels and other pregnancy outcomes . http://www.i rct .ir : www.i rct .ir : I RCT Elderly adults have alterations in their gut microbiota and immune functions that are associated with higher susceptibility to infections and metabolic disorders . Probiotics and prebiotics , and their synbiotic combinations are food supplements that have been shown to improve both gut and immune function . The objective of this r and omised , double-blind , placebo-controlled , cross-over human clinical trial was to study immune function and the gut microbiota in healthy elderly adults . Volunteers ( n 37 ) consumed prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides ( GOS ; 8 g/d ) , probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 ( Bi-07 ; 109 colony-forming units/d ) , their combination ( Bi-07 + GOS ) and maltodextrin control ( 8 g/d ) in four 3-week periods separated by 4-week wash-out periods . Immune function was analysed by determining the phagocytic and oxidative burst activity of monocytes and granulocytes , whole-blood response to lipopolysaccharide , plasma chemokine concentrations and salivary IgA levels . Gut microbiota composition and faecal SCFA content were determined using 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridisation and HPLC , respectively . Primary statistical analyses indicated the presence of carry-over effects and thus measurements from only the first supplementation period were considered valid . Subsequent statistical analysis showed that consumption of Bi-07 improved the phagocytic activity of monocytes ( P < 0·001 ) and granulocytes ( P = 0·02 ) . Other parameters were unchanged . We have for the first time shown that the probiotic Bi-07 may provide health benefits to elderly individuals by improving the phagocytic activity of monocytes and granulocytes . The present results also suggest that in the elderly , the effects of some probiotics and prebiotics may last longer than in adults Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the co-administration of probiotic and selenium on parameters of mental health , hormonal profiles , and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with PCOS . Data on the effects of selenium and probiotic co-supplementation on mental health , hormonal and inflammatory parameters of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) are scarce . This investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of selenium and probiotic co-supplementation on mental health , hormonal and inflammatory parameters in women with PCOS . Methods This r and omized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 subjects , aged 18–40 years old . Participants were r and omly allocated into two groups to intake 8 × 109 CFU/day probiotic plus 200 μg/day selenium supplements ( n = 30 ) or placebo ( n = 30 ) for 12 weeks . Hormonal and inflammatory parameters were measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention . Results Probiotic and selenium co-supplementation result ed in a significant improvement in beck depression inventory ( β − 0.76 ; 95 % CI , − 1.26 , − 0.26 ; P = 0.003 ) , general health question naire scores ( β − 1.15 ; 95 % CI , − 1.97 , − 0.32 ; P = 0.007 ) and depression anxiety and stress scale scores ( β − 1.49 ; 95 % CI , − 2.59 , − 0.39 ; P = 0.009 ) compared with the placebo . Furthermore , probiotic and selenium co-supplementation  significantly reduced total testosterone ( β − 0.26 ng/mL ; 95 % CI , − 0.51 , − 0.02 ; P = 0.03 ) , hirsutism ( β − 0.43 ; 95 % CI , − 0.74 , − 0.11 ; P = 0.008 ) , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) ( β − 0.58 mg/L ; 95 % CI , − 0.97 , − 0.19 ; P = 0.004 ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels ( β − 0.29 μmol/L ; 95 % CI , − 0.56 , − 0.02 ; P = 0.03 ) , and significantly increased total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) ( β + 84.76 mmol/L ; 95 % CI , + 48.08 , + 121.44 ; P < 0.001 ) and total glutathione ( GSH ) levels ( β + 26.78 μmol/L ; 95 % CI , + 4.33 , + 49.23 ; P = 0.02 ) compared with the placebo . Conclusions Overall , the co-administration of probiotic and selenium for 12 weeks to women with PCOS had beneficial effects on mental health parameters , serum total testosterone , hirsutism , hs-CRP , TAC , GSH and MDA levels . This study was prospect ively registered in the Iranian website ( www.i rct .ir ) for registration of clinical trials ( http://www.i rct .ir : I RCT 20170513033941N22).Trial registration I RCT 20170513033941N22 Objective To investigate the functional effects of probiotic treatment on the gut microbiota , as well as liver and adipose gene expression in diet-induced obese mice . Design Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet ( HFD ) for 8 weeks to induce obesity , and then r and omized to receive HFD+probiotic ( Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 , n = 9 ) or HFD+placebo ( n = 9 ) for another 10 weeks . Normal diet ( ND ) fed mice ( n = 9 ) served as non-obese controls . Results Diet-induced obese mice treated with probiotics showed reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation as well as lowered plasma insulin , leptin , total-cholesterol and liver toxicity biomarkers . A total of 151,061 pyrosequencing reads for fecal microbiota were analyzed with a mean of 6,564 , 5,274 and 4,464 reads for the ND , HFD+placebo and HFD+probiotic groups , respectively . Gut microbiota species were shared among the experimental groups despite the different diets and treatments . The diversity of the gut microbiota and its composition were significantly altered in the diet-induced obese mice and after probiotic treatment . We observed concurrent transcriptional changes in adipose tissue and the liver . In adipose tissue , pro-inflammatory genes ( TNFα , IL6 , IL1β and MCP1 ) were down-regulated in mice receiving probiotic treatment . In the liver , fatty acid oxidation-related genes ( PGC1α , CPT1 , CPT2 and ACOX1 ) were up-regulated in mice receiving probiotic treatment . Conclusions The gut microbiota of diet-induced obese mice appears to be modulated in mice  receiving probiotic treatment . Probiotic treatment might reduce diet-induced obesity and modulate genes associated with metabolism and inflammation in the liver and adipose tissue BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) is a disease associated with increased oxidative stress which results from mitochondrial dysfunction . Coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10 ) is an essential antioxidant for energy production in mitochondria . The purpose of this r and omized double-blind clinical trial study was to evaluate the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on serum values of gamma-glutamyl transferase ( GGT ) , pseudocholinesterase ( PchE ) , bilirubin , ferritin , and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and metabolic syndrome biomarkers in women with T2DM . MATERIAL & METHODS Eighty women with T2DM enrolled in this study . Thirty six of them were r and omized in the drug group ( receiving 100 mg/day of CoQ10 ) and 44 women were r and omized in placebo group . Intervention was continued for 12 weeks . In both groups 35 subjects finished the study and were included in the analysis . Serum levels of the variables were measured before and after supplementation . RESULTS Serum values of FBS ( P=0.039 ) , HOMA-IR ( P=0.01 ) , ferritin ( P<0.001 ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) ( P=0.006 ) , LDL-C ( P=0.007 ) decreased and HDL-C ( P=0.02 ) increased significantly in the drug group after intervention . Serum levels of triglyceride ( P=0.09 ) decreased marginally in CoQ10 group . CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study had shown that after supplementation with 100 mg/day of CoQ10 for 12 weeks , serum values of FBS , HOMA-IR , TC , LDL-C and ferritin were decreased and values of HDL-C were increased in women with T2DM Pediatric obesity is rising worldwide leading the worrying phenomenon of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) to shift into one of the most frequent causes of chronic liver illness in childhood . Occurrence of NAFLD depends on several factors such as the geographical area and the diagnostic modalities used ; overall it ranges between 3 % and 10 % of pediatric population , increasing up to 70 % in patients with metabolic comorbidities ( Manco M , Bottazzo G , DeVito R et al , J Am Coll Nutr 27:667 - 676 , 2008).Recent findings have related the intestinal microbiota to a plethora of pathological conditions , including type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) , obesity , and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH ) . One of the emerging areas of the study is the link between liver diseases and gut microbiome , which has added new information to the underst and ing of the so-called gut-liver axis . In order to address the role of gut microbiome in NAFLD onset and progression , it is necessary to " decipher " operational codes for microbiome investigation within the context of advanced laboratory medicine to capture microbiome features and , hence , to address the function of the intestinal microbiome within the gut microbiota-liver axis . Results of these investigations have allowed the beginning of implementing the usage of probiotics and symbiotics in the medical approach of  obesity and NAFLD in adults and children . Several r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) have been already published on  fecal microbiota transplantation  ( FMT ) , T2D , NASH , and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).This review proposes to describe the current state of knowledge on the ways fatty liver diseases can be addressed with nutritional interventions , probiotics , symbiotics , and FMT
The results of this systematic review and meta‐ analysis suggest that probiotic and synbiotic supplementation may help to improve biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic patients .
Abstract The role of gut microbiota in the management of diabetes has been shown .
Several current trials are investigating the effect of probiotics and prebiotics , which are widely used to modulate intestinal microbiota , on inflammatory factors and biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetic patients ; however , their findings are controversial .
The aim of the current meta‐ analysis was to evaluate the effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on levels of serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein ( hs‐CRP ) and biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetic patients .