Impact of Vitamin E Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Hs-CRP in Type 2 Diabetic Patients | doi: 10.5681/hpp.2012.009. Nonpharmacological interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic overview Effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation: protocol for a systematic review The effectiveness of yoga to prevent diabetes mellitus type 2 Vitamin D 20,000 IU per Week for Five Years Does Not Prevent Progression From Prediabetes to Diabetes. A systematic review protocol examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function Multivariate Path Analysis of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration, Inflammation, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) is a major public health problem worldwide . Hypertension and inflammation are well recognized as risk factors for the macrovascular complications of diabetes . The aim of this study was to assess the impact of vitamin E supplementation on blood pressure ( BP ) , serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and fasting blood glucose in patients with T2DM . METHODS In a double blind , r and omized , controlled clinical trial , 83 patients with T2DM were divided r and omly into two groups of vitamin E ( 400 mg/d , n=42 ) and placebo ( n=41 ) . All patients received the pearls for 8 weeks . Baseline and eighth week BP , serum hs-CRP , fasting blood glucose , anthropometric and dietary intake data were obtained from each patient . Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11.5 . RESULTS Vitamin E supplementation significantly increased serum levels of vitamin E  ( P < 0.001 ) and decreased mean arterial pressure and fasting blood glucose ( P = 0.047 , P = 0.028 , respectively ) in vitamin E group as compared with placebo group . A significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was observed in the vitamin E group comparing with baseline values ( all P < 0.01 ) . There were no significant changes in serum hs-CRP in both of the studied groups . CONCLUSION Vitamin E had beneficial effects on serum vitamin E , BP and blood glucose in patients with T2DM . Improvement in BP and glucose control may contribute to reducing complications of diabetes including cardiovascular risk in these patients This systematic overview summarizes the relevant evidence from multiple systematic review s of the benefits of nonpharmacological interventions for preventing  type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2MD ) in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) . A comprehensive search using the Cochrane Library , CINAHL , EMBASE and MEDLINE via Ovid SP , and PubMed data bases was completed on 18 November 2015 . Any systematic review s that evaluated r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) with defined nonpharmacological interventions for preventing T2DM in women diagnosed with GDM were eligible for inclusion . The authors independently performed critical appraisal s and quality assessment s of the included review s using the AMSTAR tool , and extracted data were converted to coherent values for tabular summarization . Six eligible review s of diet and /or exercise , breastfeeding , and reminder interventions were identified ; however , the method ologies of the review s varied greatly , and the majority of the evidence suggested unclear bias . We found inconsistent reporting on the rates at which diet and exercise interventions reduced the risk of T2DM progression , but these interventions were found to be effective at reducing glycemic load . Combined diet , exercise , and breastfeeding interventions proved to be effective at returning women to their postpartum weight . Neither diet alone nor exercise alone proved to be effective at lowering the risk of T2DM . Overall , there was no robust evidence to support the hypothesis that nonpharmacological interventions are effective at lowering the risk of T2DM in women diagnosed with GDM , and there was no consistent evidence showing that these interventions improved the predictor outcomes of T2DM , such as glycemic load or anthropometric changes Introduction The extraskeletal role of vitamin D is being increasingly recognised . This has important clinical implication s , as vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions worldwide . Vitamin D has proposed anti-inflammatory properties , yet the role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing inflammation remains largely unknown . The purpose of this review is to investigate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation , and to identify relevant knowledge gaps in the field . Methods and analysis Medline , CINAHL , EMBASE and All EBM will be systematic ally search ed for r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) and systematic review s of RCTs , comparing vitamin D supplementation with placebo , usual care or other pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions . One review er will assess articles for eligibility according to prespecified selection criteria , after which 2 independent review ers will perform data extraction and quality appraisal . Meta-analyses will be conducted where appropriate . Ethics and dissemination Formal ethical approval is not required as no primary data is collected . This systematic review will identify potential clinical implication s of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation , and will be disseminated through a peer- review ed publication and at conference meetings , to inform future research on the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for inflammation and inflammatory diseases . PROSPERO registration number CRD42016037104 Background : Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) is becoming a leading problem worldwide . Emerging reports reveal alarming evidence of increasing prevalence of T2DM that has reached p and emic levels . Despite the significant incidence , there are limited reliable data re sources and comprehensive systematic review and meta- analysis on the effects of yoga on people who are a prediabetic or high risk for developing T2DM . Objective : The objective of this protocol is to conduct a full-scale systematic review and meta-analyses on the effects of yoga on people who are prediabetes or high risk of developing T2DM . Methods : The articles enrolled in the study will be retrieved from the online data bases between 2002 and the date the search es are executed . The search es will be repeated just before the final analyses and further relevant studies for inclusion . We will conduct a bibliographic search in data bases : Medline / PubMed , Scopus , Cochrane Library , EBSCO , and IndMED using keywords including prediabetes state , high risk for diabetes , metabolic syndrome , and yoga . A defined search strategy will be implemented along with selection criteria to obtain full-text articles of relevant studies . This study protocol was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review s and Meta- Analysis for Protocol s 2015 guidelines . There will be no language restrictions . Ethics and dissemination : The proposed study will be based on published studies and publicly available anonymized data without directly involving human participants and therefore requires neither formal human ethical review nor approval by a human research ethics committee . We published an outline of the protocol in the International Prospect i ve Register of Systematic Review s ( PROSPERO ) in 2018 . We plan to disseminate the findings of this systematic review and meta- analysis through publication in a peer- review ed journal and presentation at relevant conference proceedings . In addition , we believe the results of the systematic review will have implication s for policy and practice . We will prepare policymaker summary using a vali date d format , disseminate through social media and email discussion groups . Review registration number : PROSPERO registration number CRD CONTEXT Vitamin D deficiency is associated with insulin resistance and risk of future diabetes . OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to test whether supplementation with vitamin D to subjects with prediabetes will prevent progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . DESIGN This was a r and omized controlled trial performed in 2008 through 2015 . SETTING The study was conducted at the clinical research unit at a teaching hospital . PATIENTS Five hundred eleven subjects ( mean age 62 y , 314 males ) with prediabetes diagnosed with an oral glucose tolerance test as part of the Tromsø Study 2007–2008 were included . A total of 256 were r and omized to vitamin D and 255 to placebo .  Twenty-nine subjects in the vitamin D and 24 in the placebo group withdrew because of adverse events . INTERVENTIONS Interventions included vitamin D ( cholecalciferol ) 20 000 IU/wk vs placebo for 5 years . Annual oral glucose tolerance tests were performed . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Progression to T2DM was the main outcome measure . Secondary outcomes were change in glucose levels , insulin resistance , serum lipids , and blood pressure . RESULTS The mean baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 60 nmol/L ( 24 ng/mL ) . One hundred three in the vitamin D and 112 in the placebo group developed T2DM ( hazard risk 0.90 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.69–1.18 , Cox regression , P = .45 , intention to treat analysis ) . No consistent significant effects on the other outcomes were seen . Subgroup analyses in subjects with low baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D yielded similar results . No serious side effects related to the intervention were recorded . CONCLUSIONS In subjects without vitamin D deficiency , vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to prevent progression from prediabetes to diabetes . Very large studies with inclusion of vitamin D-deficient subjects will probably be needed to show such a putative effect . This study tested if supplementation with  vitamin D to subjects with prediabetes will prevent progression to type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) Introduction Vitamin D has potential benefits for extraskeletal health . These could include an anti-inflammatory effect as well as a reduction in endothelial dysfunction . We aim to provide quality evidence for the hypothesis that supplementation with vitamin D will improve endothelial function ( EF ) , possibly through the abrogation of systemic inflammation . Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic review of all r and omised controlled trials on  vitamin D supplementation and EF lasting 12 weeks or more . The search will cover the period 2000–2015 and include studies that describe direct measures of EF  , markers of endothelial cell ( EC ) activation  and if concurrently reported , indicators of systemic inflammation  . Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review s and Meta-Analyses ( PRISMA ) guidelines and study quality will be assessed by the Jadad score in addition to an evaluation of allocation concealment and data analysis . If sufficient data are available , a meta- analysis will be conducted . The effect sizes will be generated using Hedges ’ g score , for both fixed and r and om effect models . I2 statistics and Galbraith plots will be used to assess heterogeneity and identify their potential sources . Potential publication and small sample size bias will be assessed by visual inspections of funnel plots and also Egger 's test . Meta-regression analysis ( if feasible ) will be conducted with restricted maximum likelihood ( REML ) estimation method , controlling for potential confounders ( demographics , study methods , location , etc ) . A backward elimination process will be applied in the regression modelling procedure . Subgroup analysis , conditional on number of studies retrieved and their sample size , will be stratified on participant disease category , total dose administered , degree of 25(OH)D change and type of supplement used . Ethics and dissemination Formal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected . The results will be disseminated through a peer- review ed publication , conference presentation and the popular press . Trial registration number International Prospect i ve Register for Systematic Review s ( PROSPERO ) number CRD42014013523 Background and Aims . Despite growing interest in the protective role that vitamin D may have in health outcomes , little research has examined the mechanisms underlying this role . This study aim ed to test two hypotheses : ( 1 ) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25(OH)D ] is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) and elevated hemoglobin A1c ; ( 2 ) these associations are mediated by serum C-reactive protein ( CRP ) . Methods . Participants aged 20 and older in 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys ( n = 8,655 ) with measures of serum 25(OH)D , CRP , hemoglobin A1c , and other important covariates were included in the present study . Logistic regression and path analysis methods were applied to test the study hypotheses . Results . Decreased serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly associated with increased odds of T2DM .  In males , an estimated 14.9 % of the association between 25(OH)D and hemoglobin A1c was mediated by serum CRP . However , this mediation effect was not observed in females . Conclusion . Using a nationally representative sample , the present study extends previous research and provides new evidence that the effect of  decreased serum vitamin D concentration on T2DM may proceed through increased systemic inflammation in males . Longitudinal studies and r and omized control trials are needed to confirm the present findings
Sensitivity analysis showed that overall estimates were not affected by elimination of any study .
We did not observe any evidence regarding publication bias .
In conclusion , vitamin K supplementation had no signiﬁcant effect on glycemic control in healthy subjects .
Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) is one of the most important public health issues .
Vitamin K supplementation might have favorable effect on risk factors of T2DM .
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta- analysis of interventional studies to examine the effect of vitamin K supplementation on glycemic indices .