Influence of age on adaptability of human mastication. Improvement in chewing activity reduces energy intake in one meal and modulates plasma gut hormone concentrations in obese and lean young Chinese men. The effect of manual therapy on masseter muscle pain and spasm. A one-year case series of arthrocentesis with hyaluronic acid injections for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Tackling inequalities in obesity: a protocol for a systematic review of the effectiveness of public health interventions at reducing socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among adults Assessment of the Short-Term Effectiveness of Kinesiotaping and Trigger Points Release Used in Functional Disorders of the Masticatory Muscles The influence of mandibular implant-retained overdentures in masticatory efficiency. Oral health and obesity indicators
The objective of this work was to study the influence of age on the ability of subjects to adapt mastication to changes in the hardness of foods . The study was carried out on 67 volunteers aged from 25 to 75 yr ( 29 males , 38 females ) who had complete healthy dentitions .  Surface electromyograms of the left and right masseter and temporalis muscles were recorded simultaneously with jaw movements using an electromagnetic transducer . Each volunteer was asked to chew and swallow four visco-elastic model foods of different hardness , each presented three times in r and om order . The number of masticatory cycles , their frequency , and the sum of all electromyographic ( EMG ) activity in all four muscles were calculated for each masticatory sequence . Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the effects of hardness , age , and gender . Hardness was associated to an increase in the mean number of cycles and mean summed EMG activity per sequence . It also increased mean vertical amplitude . Mean vertical amplitude and mean summed EMG activity per sequence were higher in males . These adaptations were present at all ages . Age was associated with an increase of 0.3 cycles per sequence per year of life and with a progressive increase in mean summed EMG activity per sequence . Cycle and opening duration early in the sequence also fell with age . We concluded that although the number of cycles needed to chew a st and ard piece of food increases progressively with age , the capacity to adapt to changes in the hardness of food is maintained BACKGROUND Mastication is the first step in ingesting food , but the effects of mastication on energy intake and gut hormones in both obese and lean subjects have not been extensively evaluated . OBJECTIVE The current study aim ed to compare the differences in chewing activities between obese and lean subjects and to examine the effects of chewing on energy intake and gut hormone concentrations in both obese and lean subjects . DESIGN Sixteen lean and 14 obese young men participated in the current research . In study 1 , we investigated whether the chewing factors of obese subjects were different from those of lean subjects . In study 2 , we explored the effects of chewing on energy intake . A test meal consisting of 2200 kJ ( 68 % of energy as carbohydrate , 21 % of energy as fat , and 11 % of energy as protein ) was then consumed on 2 different sessions ( 15 chews and 40 chews per bite of 10 g of food ) by each subject to assess the effects of chewing on plasma gut hormone concentrations . RESULTS Compared with lean participants , obese participants had a higher ingestion rate and a lower number of chews per 1 g of food . However , obese participants had a bite size similar to that of lean subjects . Regardless of status , the subjects ingested 11.9 % less after 40 chews than after 15 chews . Compared with 15 chews , 40 chews result ed in lower energy intake and postpr and ial ghrelin concentration and higher postpr and ial glucagon-like peptide 1 and cholecystokinin concentrations in both lean and obese subjects . CONCLUSION Interventions aim ed at improving chewing activity could become a useful tool for combating obesity . This trial was registered at chictr.org as ChiCTR-OCC-10001181 INTRODUCTION Orofacial pain and pain in the muscles of mastication are frequent symptoms of temporom and ibular disorder . The masseter is the closet masticatory muscle to the surface and has the function of raising and retracting the m and ible . This muscle has considerable strength and is one of the main muscles involved in the shredding of food It is therefore of utmost importance in the masticatory cycle and generally the most affected by pain and spasms . OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of manual therapy with transversal and circular movements on pain and spasm in the masseter muscle , using electromyography and a visual analogue pain scale ( VAPS ) .  Eight women who experienced pain upon palpation of the masseter greater than 6 on the VAPS  were selected for participation in the study , which employed electromyography and a VAPS for assessment , followed by manual oral physiotherapy and reevaluation . RESULTS The statistical analysis revealed a reduction in pain , but there was no significant difference in electromyographic activity ( p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION It was concluded that massage therapy was effective on pain symptoms , but was not capable of altering the electrical activity of the masseter muscle OBJECTIVE The present study presents a case series on the efficacy of arthrocentesis with hyaluronic acid injections for the treatment of temporom and ibular joint osteoarthritis by providing patient evaluations at a one-year follow-up . STUDY DESIGN Twenty-five patients with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporom and ibular Disorders ( RDC/TMD axis I group IIIb ) underwent a cycle of 5 arthrocenteses with injections ( 1 per week ) of 1 mL hyaluronic acid . A number of clinical parameters ( pain at rest and mastication , masticatory efficiency , maximum nonassisted and assisted mouth openings , functional limitation , subjective efficacy , and tolerability of the treatment ) were assessed by the same blinded operator at the time of the diagnosis ( baseline ) , at each appointment during the treatment , and at 1-week , 1-month , 3-month , 6-month , and 1-year follow-up appointments . RESULTS Descriptive analysis showed improvements which were maintained over time for all the study parameters . Permutation tests evidence d the significance of changes which occurred in many clinical parameters within the first 2 injections . Differences with baseline levels remained significant at the end of the follow-up period , particularly for the masticatory efficiency and pain at mastication ( minimum and maximum ) parameters . CONCLUSIONS Data from the present investigation support findings from studies on other joints , which show the efficacy of serial injections of hyaluronic acid after arthrocentesis to reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis and to maintain improvements over time Background Socioeconomic inequalities in obesity and associated risk factors for obesity are widening throughout developed countries worldwide . Tackling obesity is high on the public health agenda both in the United Kingdom and internationally . However , what works in terms of interventions that are able to reduce inequalities in obesity is lacking . Methods / Design The review will examine public health interventions at the individual , community and societal level that might reduce inequalities in  obesity among adults aged 18 years and over , in any setting and in any country . The following electronic data bases will be search ed : MEDLINE , EMBASE , CINAHL , PsycINFO , Social Science Citation Index , ASSIA , IBSS , Sociological Abstract s , and the NHS Economic Evaluation Data base . Data base search es will be supplemented with website and gray literature search es . No studies will be excluded based on language , country or publication date . R and omized and non-r and omized controlled trials , prospect i ve and retrospective cohort studies ( with/without control groups ) and prospect i ve repeat cross-sectional studies ( with/without control groups ) that have a primary outcome that is a proxy for body fatness and have examined differential effects with regard to socioeconomic status ( education , income , occupation , social class , deprivation , poverty ) or where the intervention has been targeted specifically at disadvantaged groups or deprived areas will be included . Study inclusion , data extraction and quality appraisal will be conducted by two review ers . Meta- analysis and narrative synthesis will be conducted . The main analysis will examine the effects of 1 ) individual , 2 ) community and 3 ) societal level public health interventions on socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity . Interventions will be characterized by their level of action and their approach to tackling inequalities . Context ual information on how such public health interventions are organized , implemented and delivered will also be examined . Discussion The review will provide evidence , and reveal any gaps in the evidence base , of public health strategies which reduce and prevent inequalities in the prevalence of obesity in adults and provide information on the organization , implementation and delivery of such interventions . Systematic review registration PROSPERO registration number : Chronic face pain syndrome is a diagnostic and therapeutic problem for many specialists , and this proves the interdisciplinary and complex nature of this ailment . Physiotherapy is of particular importance in the treatment of pain syndrome in the course of temporom and ibular joint functional disorders . In patients with long-term dysfunction of masticatory muscles , the palpation examination can localize trigger points , that is , thickening in the form of nodules in the size of rice grains or peas . Latent trigger points located in the muscles can interfere with muscular movement patterns , cause cramps , and reduce muscle strength . Because hidden trigger points can spontaneously activate , they should be found and released to prevent further escalation of the discomfort . Kinesiotaping ( KT ) is considered as an intervention that can be used to release latent myofascial trigger points . It is a method that involves applying specific tapes to the patient 's skin in order to take advantage of the natural self-healing processes of the body . The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the kinesiotaping method and trigger points inactivation on the nonpharmacological elimination of pain in patients with temporom and ibular disorders . The study was conducted in 60 patients ( 18 to 35 years old ) . The subjects were r and omly divided into two subgroups of 30 people each . Group KT ( 15 women and 15 men ) were subjected to active kinesiotaping application . Group TrP , composed of 16 women and 14 men , was subjected to physiotherapy with the release of trigger points by the ischemic compression method . The results show that the KT method and TrP inactivation brought significant therapeutic analgesic effects in the course of pain-related functional disorders of the muscles of mastication . The more beneficial outcomes of the therapy were observed after using the KT method , which increased the analgesic effect in dysfunctional patients OBJECTIVE To evaluate the masticatory efficiency of patients rehabilitated with conventional dentures ( CDs ) or implant-retained m and ibular overdentures .  BACKGROUND Despite the evident benefits of implants on mastication as assessed by subjective patient-based outcomes , the extent of implant overdenture treatment effect on food comminution is not well established . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A r and omised clinical trial was carried out with 29 completely edentulous patients divided into two groups . The first group was rehabilitated with a m and ibular overdenture retained by two splinted implants with bar-clip system , while the second group was rehabilitated with a m and ibular CD . Both groups also were rehabilitated with maxillary CDs .  Masticatory efficiency and patient satisfaction were assessed 3 months after denture insertion . Masticatory efficiency was evaluated through the colorimetric method with the beads as the artificial test-food . Comparisons for masticatory efficiency and patient satisfaction were performed using Student 's t-test ( α = 0.05 ) . RESULTS No significant statistical difference was found for masticatory efficiency ( p = 0.198 ) . Patient overall satisfaction was significantly higher for the m and ibular overdenture ( p < 0.001 ) . In addition , m and ibular overdenture patients were significantly more satisfied with chewing experience ( p < 0.05 ) and retention of the lower denture ( p < 0.005 ) . CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that m and ibular overdenture significantly improves chewing experience , although limited effect on masticatory efficiency has been observed Background In western Sweden , the aim was to study the associations between oral health variables and total and central adiposity , respectively , and to investigate the influence of socio-economic factors ( SES ) , lifestyle , dental anxiety and co-morbidity . Methods The subjects constituted a r and omised sample from the 1992 data collection in the Prospect i ve Population Study of Women in Gothenburg , Sweden ( n = 999 , 38- > = 78 yrs ) . The study comprised a clinical and radiographic examination , together with a self-administered question naire . Obesity was defined as body mass index ( BMI ) > = 30 kg/m2 , waist-hip ratio ( WHR ) > = 0.80 , and waist circumference > 0.88 m. Associations were estimated using logistic regression including adjustments for possible confounders . Results The mean BMI value was 25.96 kg/m2 , the mean WHR 0.83 , and the mean waist circumference 0.83 m. The number of teeth , the number of restored teeth , xerostomia , dental visiting habits and self-perceived health were associated with both total and central adiposity , independent of age and SES . For instance , there were statistically significant associations between a small number of teeth ( < 20 ) and obesity : BMI ( OR 1.95 ; 95 % CI 1.40 - 2.73 ) , WHR ( 1.67 ; 1.28 - 2.19 ) and waist circumference ( 1.94 ; 1.47 - 2.55 ) , respectively . The number of carious lesions and masticatory function showed no associations with obesity . The obesity measure was of significance , particularly with regard to behaviour , such as irregular dental visits , with a greater risk associated with BMI ( 1.83 ; 1.23 - 2.71 ) and waist circumference ( 1.96 ; 1.39 - 2.75 ) , but not with WHR ( 1.29 ; 0.90 - 1.85 ) . Conclusions Associations were found between oral health and obesity . The choice of obesity measure in oral health studies should be carefully considered
Conclusions Most studies revealed a positive association between mastication and obesity among adults .
Background A substantial number of adults suffer from obesity , that is caused by the risk factor , masticatory dysfunction .
The association between mastication and obesity , however , is inconclusive .
This systematic review aims to provide literature regarding the association between mastication and factors affecting masticatory function , and obesity in adults .