Resveratrol levels and all-cause mortality in older community-dwelling adults. Effects of corticosteroids on inflammatory response following cardiopulmonary bypass. Bilberry juice modulates plasma concentration of NF-κB related inflammatory markers in subjects at increased risk of CVD Aerobic exercise, but not flexibility/resistance exercise, reduces serum IL-18, CRP, and IL-6 independent of β-blockers, BMI, and psychosocial factors in older adults Effects of a 1-year supplementation with cholecalciferol on interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and insulin resistance in overweight and obese subjects. Effects of Polygonum Cuspidatum Containing Resveratrol on Inflammation in Male Professional Basketball Players Resveratrol supplementation decreases blood glucose without changing the circulating CD14+CD16+ monocytes and inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Postprandial variations of plasma inflammatory markers in abdominally obese men. The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on depressive symptoms and inflammatory markers in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial Effects of Antioxidant Supplements Intervention on the Level of Plasma Inflammatory Molecules and Disease Severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of resveratrol in healthy smokers a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.
IMPORTANCE Resveratrol , a polyphenol found in grapes , red wine , chocolate , and certain berries and roots , is considered to have antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , and anticancer effects in humans and is related to longevity in some lower organisms . OBJECTIVE To determine whether resveratrol levels achieved with diet are associated with inflammation , cancer , cardiovascular disease , and mortality in humans . DESIGN Prospect i ve cohort study , the Invecchiare in Chianti ( InCHIANTI ) Study ( " Aging in the Chianti Region " ) , 1998 to 2009 conducted in 2 villages in the Chianti area in a population -based sample of 783 community-dwelling men and women 65 years or older . EXPOSURES Twenty-four-hour urinary resveratrol metabolites . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality . Secondary outcomes were markers of inflammation ( serum C-reactive protein [ CRP ] , interleukin [IL]-6 , IL-1β , and tumor necrosis factor [ TNF ] ) and prevalent and incident cancer and cardiovascular disease . RESULTS Mean ( 95 % CI ) log total urinary resveratrol metabolite concentrations were 7.08 ( 6.69 - 7.48 ) nmol/g of creatinine . During 9 years of follow-up , 268 ( 34.3 % ) of the participants died . From the lowest to the highest quartile of baseline total urinary resveratrol metabolites , the proportion of participants who died from all causes was 34.4 % , 31.6 % , 33.5 % , and 37.4 % , respectively ( P = .67 ) . Participants in the lowest quartile had a hazards ratio for mortality of 0.80 ( 95 % CI , 0.54 - 1.17 ) compared with those in the highest quartile of total urinary resveratrol in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model that adjusted for potential confounders . Resveratrol levels were not significantly associated with serum CRP , IL-6 , IL-1β , TNF , prevalent or incident cardiovascular disease , or cancer . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In older community-dwelling adults , total urinary resveratrol metabolite concentration was not associated with inflammatory markers , cardiovascular disease , or cancer or predictive of all-cause mortality . Resveratrol levels achieved with a Western diet did not have a substantial influence on health status and mortality risk of the population in this study AIM To investigate the effects of corticosteroids on the reduction of inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass . METHODS Twenty patients undergoing elective coronary revascularization were r and omized into two groups , which both underwent coronary artery bypass surgery with the aid of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass . One group received a single dose of methylprednisolone prior to normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass , whereas no steroid treatment was given to other group of patients . The two groups were comparable with respect to preoperative demographic data . Serum sample s from all patients were drawn preoperatively and 3 , 6 , and 24 hours after the surgical procedure . The serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha ) , interleukin-1beta ( IL-1beta ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ) , as well as the white blood cell count were measured . Serum C-reactive protein concentrations ( CRP ) were determined preoperatively and 72 hours postoperatively . St and ard hemodynamic measurements for both groups were collected and analyzed . RESULTS We did not find any increase in the postoperative concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in either group . The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 increased significantly in both groups , from immeasurable concentrations preoperatively to as high as 496 pg/mL for IL-6 and 128 pg/mL for IL-8 three hours after surgery . However , the observed increase was significantly smaller in the group of patients receiving methylprednisolone . CONCLUSION It seems that the administration of corticosteroids prior to the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass may alleviate the intensity of the inflammatory response , as evidence d by reduced increase in inflammatory mediators Purpose Bilberries are abundant in polyphenols . Dietary polyphenols have been associated with strategies for prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases . We investigated the effect of bilberry juice on serum and plasma biomarkers of inflammation and antioxidant status in subjects with elevated levels of at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . Methods In a r and omized controlled trial , participants consumed either bilberry juice ( n = 31 ) or water ( n = 31 ) for 4 weeks . Results Supplementation with bilberry juice result ed in significant decreases in plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin (IL)-6 , IL-15 , and monokine induced by INF-γ ( MIG ) . Unexpectedly , an increase in the plasma concentration of tumor nuclear factor-α ( TNF-α ) was observed in the bilberry group . CRP , IL-6 , IL15 , MIG , and TNF-α are all target genes of nuclear factor- kappa B ( NF-κB ) , —a transcription factor that is crucial in orchestrating inflammatory responses . Plasma quercetin and p-coumaric acid increased in the bilberry group , otherwise no differences were observed for clinical parameters , oxidative stress or antioxidant status . Furthermore , we studied the effect of polyphenols from bilberries on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation in a monocytic cell line . We observed that quercetin , epicatechin , and resveratrol inhibited NF-κB activation . Conclusions These findings suggest that supplementation with bilberry polyphenols may modulate the inflammation processes . Further testing of bilberry supplementation as a potential strategy in prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases is warranted Increased serum levels of inflammatory mediators have been associated with numerous disease states including atherosclerosis , Type II diabetes , hypertension , depression , and overall mortality . We hypothesized that a long-term exercise intervention among older adults would reduce serum inflammatory cytokines , and this reduction would be mediated , in part , by improvements in psychosocial factors and /or by beta-adrenergic receptor mechanisms . Adults age 64 were r and omly assigned to either an aerobic exercise treatment ( CARDIO ) or a flexibility/strength exercise treatment ( FLEX ) 3 days/week , 45 min/day for 10 months . A subgroup of subjects treated with non-selective beta(1)beta(2 ) adrenergic antagonists were included to evaluate the potential role of beta-adrenergic receptor adaptations as mediators of an exercise-induced change in inflammation . The inflammatory mediators [ C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , IL-6 , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha , and IL-18 ] and the psychosocial factors ( depression , perceived stress , optimism , sense of coherence , and social support ) were measured pre- and post-intervention . The CARDIO treatment result ed in significant reductions in serum CRP , IL-6 , and IL-18 compared to the FLEX treatment ( significant treatment x time interaction , p<.05 ) , whereas TNFalpha declined in both groups ( main effect of time , p=.001 ) . However , several psychosocial factors ( depression , optimism , and sense of coherence ) improved in both groups suggesting that the reduction of CRP , IL-6 , and IL-18 in the CARDIO group was not mediated by improvements in psychosocial scores . With respect to the potential role of beta-adrenergic receptors , both CARDIO subjects treated with beta-adrenergic antagonists and those who were not treated with those medications demonstrated similar reductions in serum CRP , IL-6 , IL-18 , and TNFalpha . In summary , we have observed that an aerobic exercise intervention can significantly reduce serum inflammatory mediators , but beta-adrenergic receptors and psychosocial factors do not appear to be involved Insufficient vitamin D status has been linked to autoimmune diseases , cancer and metabolic disorders , like obesity and insulin resistance . In vitro and animal studies suggest that vitamin D may play a crucial role in immune activation and inflammation . The relation between vitamin D and pro-inflammatory cytokines is not completely established . Furthermore , it is not known if the effect of vitamin D on entities of metabolic syndrome is mediated through its effect on cytokines or other biomarkers . The objectives of this study were to investigate if there is a relationship between vitamin D status and such pro-inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α ) , interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) and high sensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) in patients with overweigh and obesity . We also proposed that the intervention with high dose of cholecalciferol may have effect on the cytokine levels and result in corresponding changes in the measures of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR and QUICKI ) . Serum levels of IL-6 , TNF-α and hs-CRP were measured in 332 overweight and obese subjects who completed a 1-year r and omised intervention with either 40,000 IU vitamin D ( cholecalciferol ) per week or 20,000 IU vitamin D per week  ,  or placebo .  We found significant associations between IL-6 , TNF-α , vitamin D and insulin resistance indices at baseline . One year intervention with vitamin D  decreased serum IL-6 levels ; however hs-CRP levels were significantly increased . Neither measures of insulin resistance , nor TNF-α were influenced by a 1-year vitamin D supplementation Background : Exercise can lead to acute oxidative stress , which can result in oxidative damage and induce inflammation . Resveratrol may reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines . Thus , we investigated the effects of this compound on the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) and interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) in male professional basketball players . Methods : Twenty healthy male professional basketball players were r and omized into two groups ( 10 each ) . For 6 weeks , they received daily either 200 mg of polygonum cuspidatum extract ( PCE ) st and ardized to contain 20 % trans-resveratrol equivalent to 40 mg trans-resveratrol or placebo . Indices of inflammation were measured before and after 6 weeks of supplementation . Results : There was a significant reduction in plasma levels of TNF-a and IL-6 after 6 weeks of supplementation ; while no change was observed in these markers in the control group . Conclusions : Present study shows that 6 weeks of PCE containing resveratrol supplementation reduces the inflammation in male professional basketball players Chronic low- grade inflammation is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) . Although in vitro and animal studies have shown that resveratrol exerts anti-inflammatory effects , clinical trials addressing these effects in patients with T2D are limited . Therefore , in the present study , we hypothesized that supplementation of resveratrol might improve inflammatory markers in patients with T2D in a r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial . A total of 45 T2D patients were supplemented with either of 800 mg/d resveratrol or placebo capsules for 8 weeks . Percentage of CD14+CD16 + monocytes , plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines ( tumor necrosis factor α , interleukin [ IL ] 1β , IL-6 , and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ) , the expression levels of genes involved in the inflammatory responses ( toll-like receptor 2 , toll-like receptor 4 , and nuclear factor κB ) , lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine ( tumor necrosis factor α , IL-1β , and IL-6 ) secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells , and metabolic and anthropometric parameters were assessed at both the baseline level and the end of the study . Compared with the placebo group , we could not detect any significant difference in the percentage of CD14+CD16 + monocytes , lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine secretion , plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines , and the expression of inflammatory genes in resveratrol group . Moreover , we did not find any significant change in the metabolic and anthropometric parameters except for a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose and blood pressure . In conclusion , 8-week supplementation of resveratrol reduces blood glucose level in patients with T2D without improving their inflammatory markers OBJECTIVE Abdominal obesity is associated with a fasting proinflammatory condition . However , not much is known of the potential variations in circulating inflammatory markers after food intake . The purpose of the present study was to examine postpr and ial changes in plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha , interleukin (IL)-6 , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) concentrations in men and their potential associations with fat distribution and metabolic profile variables . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Thirty-eight men were given a high-fat meal in the morning after an overnight fast , and TNF-alpha , IL-6 , and CRP levels were measured in plasma at 0 , 4 , and 8 hours after the meal . Physical and metabolic profiles were also assessed for each participant . RESULTS We observed a substantial increase in circulating IL-6 levels ( p < 0.0001 ) after the meal . Although postpr and ial variations in circulating TNF-alpha levels across time failed to reach statistical significance ( p = 0.02 ) , we noted a significant decrease in plasma TNF-alpha concentrations 4 hours ( -10 % , p < 0.001 vs. 0 hours ) after food intake . Plasma CRP levels were not affected by the fat load . We also noted that insulin-sensitive individuals displayed a less pronounced inflammatory response after food intake than insulin-resistant subjects . DISCUSSION Results of the present study show that consumption of a high-fat meal leads to an increase in plasma IL-6 concentrations and transient decrease in circulating TNF-alpha levels in overweight men . Our results suggest a possible role of insulin resistance in the modulation of the postpr and ial inflammatory response , which could , in turn , contribute to worsen the state of insulin resistance Purpose This study was design ed to investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on depression and chronic inflammation in hemodialysis patients . Method Fifty-four maintenance hemodialysis patients were r and omized to ingest two omega-3 ( each containing 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid ) or placebo capsules , three times daily for 4 months . Main outcome measures : Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI ) score and serum levels of C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin (IL)-6 , IL-10 , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α , ferritin , intact parathyroid hormone ( iPTH ) , and ratios of IL-10 to IL-6 and IL-10 to TNF-α were measured at baseline and at the end of the study . Results Omega-3 supplement  lowered BDI score significantly after 4 months of intervention . Among pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators , only serum ferritin level and IL-10 to IL-6 ratio showed significant changes in favor of omega-3 supplement during the study . In linear regression model adjusted for baseline values , omega-3 treatment was a significant predictor of reduced serum CRP , ferritin , and iPTH levels , and increased IL-10 to IL-6 ratio . No significant association was found between the anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant effects  of omega-3 supplement . Conclusions Supplemental use of omega-3 fatty acids decreases depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients apart from their anti-inflammatory effects Objective : Excess generation of reactive oxygen species in damaged joints accelerates inflammatory responses in RA ( rheumatoid arthritis ) patients . The complementary effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation on the blood level of inflammatory mediators and the severity of the disease in RA patients were evaluated . Study Design and Setting s : The study was conducted as a r and omized , placebo-controlled , double-blind , three-treatment cross-over design trial . The participants visited the hospital as out patients . Subjects : Twenty patients meeting the 1987 criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis completed the study . Interventions : The subjects were r and omized in three groups to receive one of following supplementation ; quercetin+vitamin C ( 166mg+133mg/capsule ) , α-lipoic acid ( 300mg/capsule ) or placebo for 4 weeks ( 3 capsules/day ) . Each treatment period consisted of 4 weeks with 2 weeks of wash-out period before the subject starts next supplementation . Outcome Parameters : Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α ) , interleukin-1β(IL-1β ) , interleukin -6(IL-6 ) , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) were measured . The severity of disease was evaluated using Korean Health Assessment Question naire(KHAQ ) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS ) . Nutrient intake was measured at baseline and at the end of each intervention period . Results : The mean energy and nutrient intakes remained constant during study period . No significant differences were found in the serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CRP between treatments . The scores of disease severity measurements were not significantly different between treatments , although quercetin supplementation had a tendency to reduce VAS . Conclusions : Dietary supplementation of antioxidants at 900 mg/day for 4 weeks did not change the blood biomarkers of inflammation and disease severity of RA patients under conventional medical treatments . Further considerations for dose-response relationships , duration of supplementation , and susceptible biomarkers are required OBJECTIVE Smokers are characterized by a low- grade systemic inflammatory state and an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance . Few human studies were conducted on the effects of resveratrol , a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties , and no trial on smokers has been performed to date . We evaluated whether resveratrol has beneficial effects on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in smokers . METHODS AND RESULTS A r and omized , double- blind , cross-over trial was performed in 50 healthy adult smokers : 25 were r and omly allocated to " resveratrol-first " ( 30-days : 500 mg resveratrol/day , 30-days wash-out , 30-days placebo ) and 25 to " placebo-first " ( 30-days placebo , 30-days wash-out , 30-days 500 mg resveratrol/day ) . Resveratrol significantly reduced C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and triglyceride concentrations , and increased Total Antioxidant Status ( TAS ) values . After analyzing data with general linear models to assess period and carry-over effects , the ratios of the values after resveratrol to those after placebo were respectively : 0.47 ( 95%CI 0.38 - 0.59 ) -CRP- and 0.71 ( 95%CI 0.65 - 0.78 ) -triglycerides- , while TAS increased by 74.2 μmol/L ( 95%CI 60.8 - 87.6 ) . Uric acid , glucose , insulin , cholesterol , liver enzyme concentrations , and weight , waist circumference , and blood pressure values did not significantly change after resveratrol supplementation . CONCLUSIONS Because resveratrol has anti-inflammatory , anti-oxidant , and hypotriglyceridemic effects , its supplementation may beneficially affect the increased cardiovascular risk of healthy smokers
Conclusion The analysis indicated possible decreasing effect of resveratrol on CRP , but it might not be able to change IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations .
Background Resveratrol as a polyphenolic compound might be able to reduce inflammatory mediators .
Change in inflammatory state is identified by the measurement of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α ) , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) .
The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis on r and omized controlled trials that assessed the effect of resveratrol on concentration of serum inflammatory mediators .