Effect of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol pulpotomy on vital primary teeth: a clinical and radiographic study. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate vs. Calcium Hydroxide in Primary Molar Pulpotomy: A Systematic Review A comparative evaluation of clinical and radiographic success rate of pulpotomy in primary molars using antioxidant mix and mineral trioxide aggregate: An in vivo 1-year follow-up study Clinical and radiographic comparison of primary molars after formocresol and electrosurgical pulpotomy: a randomized clinical trial. Dentin bridge formation after mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomies in primary teeth. Pulpotomy in caries-exposed immature permanent molars using calcium-enriched mixture cement or mineral trioxide aggregate: a randomized clinical trial. Clinical Evaluation of Low Level Diode Laser Application For Primary Teeth Pulpotomy. Treatment outcomes of pulpotomy in permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis using biomaterials: a multi-center randomized controlled trial. Mineral trioxide aggregate versus calcium hydroxide for pulpotomy in primary molars. Comparative Evaluation of Fresh Aloe barbadensis Plant Extract and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as Pulpotomy Agents in Primary Molars: A 12-month Follow-up Study Laser Pulpotomy–An Effective Alternative to Conventional Techniques: A 12 Months Clinicoradiographic Study Mineral trioxide aggregate produces superior outcomes in vital primary molar pulpotomy. Clinical Pulpotomy Trial of Copaifera Langsdorffii Oil Resin Versus Formocresol and White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Primary Teeth. Clinical Evaluation of Success of Primary Teeth Pulpotomy Using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate(®), Laser and Biodentine(TM)- an In Vivo Study. Ferric sulfate as pulpotomy agent in primary teeth: twenty month clinical follow-up. Postoperative assessment of diode laser zinc oxide eugenol and mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy procedures in children: A comparative clinical study Evaluation of Four Pulpotomy Techniques in Primary Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial Randomized controlled trial of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol for pulpotomy in primary molar teeth. Short-term treatment outcome of pulpotomies in primary molars using mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine: a randomized clinical trial Light-cured calcium hydroxide vs formocresol in human primary molar pulpotomies: a randomized controlled trial. Comparison between biodentine and formocresol for pulpotomy of primary teeth: A randomized clinical trial. Comparative evaluation of formocresol and mineral trioxide aggregate in pulpotomized primary molars--2 year follow up. Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Four Different Pulpotomy Agents in Primary Molars: A Longitudinal Study Clinical, Radiographic and Histological Evaluation of Primary Teeth Pulpotomy Using MTA And Ferric Sulfate. Comparative evaluation of lyophilized freeze dried platelet derived preparation with calcium hydroxide as pulpotomy agents in primary molars.
BACKGROUND Pulpotomy is the common therapy for cariously exposed pulps in symptom-free primary molar teeth .  Formocresol ( FC ) is considered the gold st and ard dressing agent for pulpotomy , but concerns have been raised over the years about its safety . Other alternative pulpotomy agents have been investigated and suggested . OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic response of FC and white mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulpotomy material s on primary molars . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Fifty primary molars , with deep carious lesion that exposed a vital but asymptomatic pulp , in 37 children aged 4 - 7 years were treated with conventional pulpotomy procedure .  The teeth were divided r and omly into two groups . Group I ( FC ) and group II ( MTA ) . The treated teeth were evaluated clinical ly and radiographically and were followed-up for 12 months . RESULTS At the end of the 12 months follow-up , the clinical success rates for FC and MTA were 81 % and 100 % , respectively . There was a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.04 ) between the clinical success rates of FC and MTA . While the radiographic success rates for FC and MTA were 81 % and 96 % , respectively , there was no statistically significant difference between the radiographic success of MTA and FC . CONCLUSION White MTA showed a higher clinical and radiographic success rate when compared to FC as a pulpotomy agent in vital primary molars , and it has a potential to become a replacement for FC in primary molars Introduction : The aim of this quantitative systematic review /meta- analysis was to compare the treatment outcomes of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and calcium hydroxide ( CH ) in pulpotomy of human primary molars . The focused PICO question was “ in case of pulp exposure in vital primary molars , how does MTA pulpotomy compare to CH in terms of clinical /radiographic success ? ” Methods and Material s : We retrieved published r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) of at least 6-month duration ; our search included articles published up to March 2013 in five following data bases : PubMed ( Medline ) , Cochrane data base of systematic review s , Science Citation Index , EMBASE , and Google Scholar . Mantel Haenszel and Inverse Variance-weighted methods were applied by STATA ; the relative risk ( RR ) was calculated with 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) . Results : A total of 282 English articles were collected . Two authors independently screened the articles and five RCTs were selected ; data extraction and quality assessment were then carried out . Four RCTs were appropriate for meta- analysis according to their follow-up times by Mantel Haenszel method . Statistically significant difference was found between success rate of MTA compared to CH , with RR=0.08 ( 95 % CI , 0.02 - 0.39 ) , RR=0.19 ( 95 % CI , 0.08 - 0.46 ) , and RR=0.38 ( 95 % CI , 0.21 - 0.68 ) for 6- , 12- , and 24-month follow-ups , respectively . A significant difference was also observed for all included RCTs after analyses using the Inverse Variance-weighted method ( RR=0.44 ; 95 % CI , 0.27 - 0.72 ) . Conclusions : Systematic review /meta- analysis of included RCTs revealed that for pulpotomy of vital primary molars , MTA has better treatment outcomes compared to CH Introduction : Pulpotomy technique is most widely accepted clinical procedure for treating primary teeth with coronal pulp inflammation caused by caries with no involvement of the radicular pulp . Aim and Objective : The aim of the study was to evaluate the success and efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and antioxidant mix as pulpotomy agents both clinical ly and radiographically . Material s and Methods : A total of forty primary molars in children aged between 6 and 9 years , requiring for pulpotomy procedures , were selected . R and om sample s distribution was done , antioxidant mix ( n = 20 ) and MTA ( n = 20 ) both were used as pulpotomy agent . Under rubber dam isolation , pulpotomy procedure was performed in all sample s followed by restoration with stainless steel crowns . Later , the patients were recalled after 6 and 12 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation . The data were evaluated using Fisher 's exact test . Results : Statistically analysis shows no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) with respect to clinical and radiographic success rate , but antioxidant mix showed more efficient result than MTA . Conclusion : Antioxidant mix pulpotomy is more biocompatible and cost effective than any other commercially available medicament BACKGROUND Vital pulpotomy is a single-stage procedure defined as the surgical amputation of the coronal portion of exposed vital pulp , usually as a means of preserving the vitality and function of the remaining radicular portion . OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success rates for electrosurgical vs formocresol pulpotomy in human primary molar teeth . SETTING S AND DESIGN This was a prospect i ve , r and omized clinical trial . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In this r and omized clinical trial , pulpotomies were performed on 70 primary molars in children aged 5 - 10 years . The teeth were treated using either a conventional formocresol ( 35 teeth ) or electrosurgical technique ( 35 teeth ) . Following the pulpotomy procedure , the teeth were evaluated for clinical and radiographic success for three , six and nine months . The teeth were evaluated for the presence of pain , abscess , fistula , mobility , internal and external resorption , and radiolucency . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data were assessed with Fishers ' Exact test . RESULTS After nine months of follow-up , the clinical and radiographic success rates were 96 and 84 % respectively in the electrosurgical group and 100 and 96.8 % respectively in the formocresol group . There was no statistically significant difference between the success rates in the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the failure rates for electrosurgical pulpotomy to be equal to those for formocresol pulpotomy . Although electrosurgical pulpotomy is a nonpharmacological technique giving favorable results , it is still a preservative technique . Further studies using larger sample s and longer evaluation periods are recommended PURPOSE To evaluate the results of using mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) in pulpotomy procedures in primary teeth . METHODS Seven patients were selected and a total of 20 molars and two canines were treated with pulpotomy procedures using MTA instead of formocresol . RESULTS After 6 months , 55 % of the molars and 100 % of the canines treated showed radiographic signs of dentin bridge formation . Also , 6 months after treatment , 60 % of the molars showed root canal calcification ( obliteration ) . Color change of the crown of the canines treated was noticeable . No clinical or radiographic signs of pathology was observed OBJECTIVE To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of pulpotomy treatment using calcium-enriched mixture ( CEM ) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) in carious-exposed vital immature permanent first molars . DESIGN Fifty-one immature molars with clinical carious exposure with symptomatic/asymptomatic pulpitis met the inclusion criteria and r and omly assigned to one of the treatment groups ( CEM [ 26 teeth ; 59 roots ] , MTA [ 25 teeth ; 59 roots ] ) . After performing pulpotomy and covering the radicular pulps with the bio material s , all teeth were permanently restored . Blinded clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 6 and 12 months after operation for signs of success or failure . Radiographs were evaluated for complete/partial apical closure . The data were analysed using chi-square test and generalized estimating equation ( GEE ) model . RESULTS There was no significant difference at the baseline between the two experimental groups . All available cases ( 49 teeth ) showed pulp survival and signs of continuous root development after 12 months . Overall , complete apical closure ( apexogenesis ) occurred in 76.8 % and 73.8 % of radiographically interpreted roots in CEM cement and MTA groups , respectively . There was no statistical difference in terms of radiographic outcomes between two groups . CONCLUSIONS Calcium-enriched mixture cement and MTA showed similar performance in pulpotomy of immature caries-exposed permanent molars INTRODUCTION Inspite of latest advances in the material s and techniques practice d for the treatment of pulpally infected teeth with better reported success rate , still the question arises for safety and effectiveness of these medicaments . AIM The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the Low Level Laser Therapy to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ( MTA ) when used for pulpotomy in vital human primary molars . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The sample consisted of 40 primary molars from 29 children aged four to seven years . The teeth were selected based on clinical , radiographic criteria and r and omly allocated to two groups . All the 40 primary molars were subjected to st and ard pulpotomy procedure , where in 20 molars received MTA ( Group I ) and 20 molars received LLLT ( Group II ) pulpotomy .  Children were recalled at 3 , 6 and 12 months intervals and pulpotomised molars were examined clinical ly and radiographically . Data was analysed using chi-square test . RESULTS MTA showed 94.7 % success rate at all the three intervals , where as LLLT showed a success of 95 % at three months , which decreased gradually to 85 % at six months and 80 % at 12 months . Intergroup comparisons were not significant . CONCLUSION Low level laser therapy can be considered for primary teeth pulpotomy and its success is comparable to MTA pulpotomy technique OBJECTIVE To conduct a r and omized clinical trial to compare the post-operative pain experience as well as clinical and radiographic outcomes of pulpotomy in human permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis using calcium enriched mixture ( CEM ) cement or mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 413 patients met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate . The patients were r and omly allocated into two study arms : MTA pulpotomy ( PMTA : n = 208 ) and CEM pulpotomy ( PCEM : n = 205 ) . Numerical rating scale question naires were utilized by the patients to record pain intensity ( PI ) over 7 days post-operatively . The patients were followed-up for 12 months to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of treatment . The data was analyzed using Chi-square , Cohen 's kappa and t-tests . RESULTS There was no significant difference in the mean PI recorded during the 7 post-operative days between the two study arms ( p = 0.221 ) . The clinical and radiographic success rates for PMTA at 12-month follow-up were 98 and 95 % , respectively ; and 97 and 92 % for PCEM , respectively . There was no significant differences in clinical ( p = 0.7 ) and radiographic ( p = 0.4 ) success rates between the two arms . CONCLUSIONS Excellent treatment outcomes occurred in molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis undergoing pulpotomy with MTA and CEM bio material OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and calcium hydroxide ( CH ) for pulpotomy in primary molars . METHODS A r and omised , bilateral self-controlled clinical trial was design ed to compare the clinical effect of MTA and CH in pulpotomies in primary molars in 4- to 9-year-old children . Children with two similar-sized cavities on bilateral primary molar counterparts requiring pulpotomies were included . The two contralateral molars in each patient were r and omly assigned to MTA or CH treatment . Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed to evaluate the treatment results at post-treatment recall . RESULTS Seventeen pairs of self-controlled contralateral teeth were available for follow-up evaluations . The success rate of MTA was 94.1 % ( 16/17 ) , while the success rate of CH was 64.7 % ( 11/17 ) . Internal root resorption was the most frequent reason for failure in the CH group . Crown discolouration was common in the MTA-treated group . CONCLUSION MTA was more successful than CH for pulpotomies in primary molar teeth , and may be a suitable replacement for CH in primary molar pulpotomies Background : The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of fresh Aloe vera barbadensis plant extract and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulpotomy agents in primary molar teeth . Material s and Methods : Pulpotomy procedure was performed in sixty primary molar teeth which were r and omly allocated to two groups , i.e. , Aloe vera pulpotomy ( Group A ) and MTA pulpotomy ( Group B ) . All the pulpotomized teeth were evaluated clinical ly and radiographically at 1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months of time interval using predetermined criteria . Results : The success rates between Groups A and B at the end of the 1st month were 24.1 % and 96.4 % , at the end of 3rd month were 57.1 % and 100 % , at the end of 6th month were 75 % and 100 % , at the end of 9th month were 66.6 % and 100 % , and at the end of 12 months were 100 % and 100 % respectively . The overall success rates at the end of 12-month follow-up period were 6.9 % and 71.4 % , respectively , after taking dropout patients into consideration , and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001 ) . Conclusions : MTA pulpotomy was found to be superior when compared to fresh A. barbadensis plant extract pulpotomy in primary molars ABSTRACT Background : Vital pulpotomy is a single-stage procedure of surgical amputation of the coronal portion of exposed vital pulp , usually as a means of preserving the vitality and function of the remaining radicular portion . Aims and objectives : The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success rates for ferric sulfate ( FS ) , electrosurgery ( ES ) and laser pulpotomy in human primary molars . Material s and methods : In a r and omized clinical trial , 30 primary molars indicated for pulpotomy in children aged 4 to 10 years were treated using either a FS ( 10 teeth ) , ES technique ( 10 teeth ) and laser ( 10 teeth ) . Following the pulpotomy , the teeth were evaluated for clinical and radiographic success at 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months on the basis of the presence of pain , sinus , mobility , internal and external resorption , periapical radiolucency , calcification in the canal and bone loss . Statistical analysis : The data were assessed with Chi-square test . Results : After 12 months of follow-up , both clinical and radiographic success rates were 100 % in the laser group but only 80 % in both ES and FS groups . There was statistically significant difference between the success rates of three groups ( p < 0.05 ) . Conclusion : Laser pulpotomy showed better clinical as well as radiographical results than ES and FS pulpotomy . Laser pulpotomy was also found superior in terms of operating time , patient cooperation , ease of use and pain . Although results of the study showed the failure rates for electrosurgical pulpotomy to be equal to those for FS pulpotomy , electrosurgical pulpotomy being a nonpharmacological technique considered more favorable . Further studies using larger sample size and longer evaluation periods are suggested . How to cite this article : Gupta G , Rana V , Srivastava N , Ch and na P. Laser Pulpotomy – An Effective Alternative to Conventional Techniques : A 12 Months Clinicoradiographic Study . Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(1):18 - 21 PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of vital primary molar pulpotomy  when there is no direct contact between eugenol and the vital pulp . Four pulpotomy techniques were compared : ( 1 ) ferric sulfate ( FS ) pulpotomy ; ( 2 ) eugenol-free FS pulpotomy ; ( 3 ) mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) pulpotomy ; and ( 4 ) FS/MTA pulpotomy . METHODS The pulpotomy technique assigned to each molar was determined by r and om selection . Two blinded , disinterested raters classified each molar into 1 of 3 radiographic outcomes : ( 1 ) N = normal molar without pathologic change ; ( 2 ) Po = pathologic change present , follow-up recommended ; ( 3 ) Px = pathologic change present , extract . RESULTS A total of 92 patients with 227 pulpotomy-treated molars returned for at least 1 recall examination . Median follow-up for molars was 24 months ( range=12 - 38 months ) . MTA molars demonstrated significantly fewer Px radiographic outcomes than FS molars ( P=.002 , chi-square test ) . Eugenol-free FS molars demonstrated significantly more Px radiographic outcomes than MTA ( P<.001 , chi-square test ) or FS/MTA ( P=.002 , chi-square test ) molars . Significantly lower survival was demonstrated for eugenol-free FS molars compared to MTA molars ( P=.02 , log-rank test ) over 6 to 38 months . CONCLUSIONS Outcomes for mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy were superior to ferric sulfate and eugenol-free ferric sulfate pulpotomy after a median follow-up of 2 years PURPOSE This study 's purpose was to assess clinical and radiographic outcomes of Copaifera langsdorffii oil resin ( CLOR ) as a pulpotomy medicament compared with one-minute full-strength formocresol ( FC ) and white mineral trioxide aggregate ( WMTA ) . METHODS Determined by a power analysis , 152 primary molars of 64 four- to eight-year-olds with at least two asymptomatic molars requiring vital pulpotomies were recruited , r and omly assigned to receive CLOR , WMTA , or FC , and restored with prefabricated metal crowns . At the 12-month follow-up , recordings of 59 children with 142 treated teeth were taken for clinical and radiographic symptoms . Clinical evaluation was performed by a blinded calibrated evaluator , whereas four evaluators scored each radiograph for pathologies based upon a modified scale previously proposed . The data were statistically analyzed . RESULTS At 12 months , 100 percent clinical success was observed with all groups . CLOR had the highest frequency of pathologic radiolucencies at 12 months . The radiographic success at 12 months was 76 percent , 90.91 percent , and 88.23 percent for the CLOR , FC , and WMTA groups , respectively ( P=0.10 ) . CONCLUSION Copaifera langsdorffii oil resin can be suggested as a pulpotomy agent for primary teeth up to one year . However , further clinical studies with long-term follow-ups are needed to test its efficacy as a pulpotomy medicament INTRODUCTION Pulpotomy technique basically consists of removing the coronal pulp and fixing the radicular pulp with a medicament . It is the most widely accepted clinical procedure for treating primary teeth with coronal pulp inflammation caused by caries with no involvement of the radicular pulp . AIM To evaluate the success and efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ( MTA ) , Lasers and Biodentine as pulpotomy agents both clinical ly and radiographically . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In the present study , 60 primary molars in children whose pulpal status warranted pulpotomy were selected and r and omly assigned into three groups that included MTA , Laser and Biodentine allocating 20 teeth to each group . The pulpotomy procedure was then performed on all selected teeth followed by restoration with stainless steel crowns . Later the patients were recalled for 3 months and 6 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation . RESULTS Statistical analysis was done using Fisher exact test to determine pair wise comparison of three agents with respect to clinical and radiographic criteria . Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA , Mc Nemars test was applied to evaluate the efficacy of each agent between 3 months and 6 months . The results showed that maximum success rate was found in MTA group . However , the comparison between three groups was statistically not significant ( p<0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Pulpotomies performed with either MTA , Laser or Biodentine are equally efficient with similar clinical /radiographic success and hence can be considered as alternatives to Formocresol Seventy primary molar teeth , carious exposed , symptom free , without any sign of root resorption in children aged from 3 to 6 years ( main age 4.3 yr ) were treated with conventional pulpotomy procedures . Ferric sulfate 15.5 % solution ( applied for 15 second for 35 teeth ) and formocresol solution ( five minute procedure of Buckley 's formula for next 35 teeth ) have been used as pulpotomy agents . In both groups , pulp stumps were covered with zinc-oxide eugenol paste . Permanent restorations were stainless steel crowns . Clinical check up was every three-months and radiographic follow-up time was six and twenty months after treatment . Our results within this period revealed 100 % clinical success rate in both groups . Radiographic success rate was in both groups 97.2 % , while in 2.8 % cases has shown internal root resorption . On the basis of these results , we can recommend ferric sulfate as a pulpotomy agent in primary teeth in substitution for formocresol at the moment Aim : The present study is an attempt to compare and evaluate postoperative assessment of diode laser zinc oxide eugenol ( ZOE ) pulpotomy and diode laser mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) pulpotomy procedures in children . Material s and Methods : Forty carious primary molars indicated for pulpotomy within the age group of 4–9 years were selected and divided into two groups of 20 each using simple r and omization , Group 1 : Diode laser MTA and Group 2 : Diode laser ZOE pulpotomy . The teeth were evaluated clinical ly for 1 year at 3 , 6 , and 12 months interval and radiologically for 6 and 12 months . Results : Clinical ly and radiographically , 100 % teeth treated with diode laser MTA and 94 % treated with diode laser ZOE were considered successful after 12-month follow-up interval . No significant difference was seen between two groups . Conclusion : Despite the success rate , the cost factor of diode laser and MTA could be the limiting factor in its judicious use in pulpotomy procedure Introduction : This trial was design ed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success rates of calcium-enriched mixture ( CEM ) cement with and without low level laser therapy ( LLLT ) and compare them to that of formocresol ( FC ) and ferric sulfate ( FS ) in primary molar pulpotomies . Methods and Material s : This r and omized clinical trial was conducted on a total of 160 teeth selected from 40 patients aged 3 - 9 years . Patients with at least four primary molars needing pulpotomy , were included in order to have each tooth assigned r and omly in one of the four following groups ; FC , FS , CEM , and LLLT/CEM . Six- and twelve-month follow-up periods were conducted in order to enable a clinical and radiographic evaluation of the treated teeth . Collected data were analyzed using Cochran Q Tests . Results : The 12-month clinical success rate for each technique was : FC=100 % , FS=95 % , CEM=97.5 % and LLLT/CEM=100 % with no significant differences ( P>0.05 ) . Furthermore , 12-month radiographic success rate for each technique was : FC=100 % , FS=92.5 % , CEM=95 % and LLLT/CEM=100 % with no significant differences ( P>0.05 ) . Conclusion : Favorable outcomes of four treatment techniques in pulpotomy of primary molar teeth were comparable . CEM with/without LLLT may be considered as a safe and successful pulpotomy treatment modality compared to current conventional methods AIM To compare the outcome after 6 months of the application of formocresol ( FC ) or mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) during pulpotomy in primary molar teeth . METHODOLOGY A maximum of 126 children ( aged 5 - 9 years ) with carious primary teeth that required pulpotomy were selected . Following r and omization , a st and ard pulpotomy preparation was undertaken , and the coronal pulp removed and bleeding arrested . In the FC group , cotton balls , soaked in FC , were placed for 5 min , and then the pulp chamber was filled with Zonalin , a pulpotomy agent . In the MTA group , a 1-mm-thick paste of MTA was used as a pulpotomy agent . The crowns in both groups were restored with amalgam or glass ionomer .  The teeth of 100 patients were evaluated and compared clinical ly and radiographically after 3 and 6 months . RESULTS No signs of clinical failure were observed at the 3- and 6-month follow-up appointments in either group . There were no significant differences in the radiographic findings of the teeth and surrounding tissue at the 3-month follow-up . However , at the 6-month follow-up , significantly more cases ( P = 0.036 ) with root resorption were seen in the FC group ; no cases of resorption occurred amongst the MTA cases . The surrounding tissue showed radiographic signs of post-treatment disease in four FC cases ; none was seen in the MTA cases . CONCLUSION After 6 months , pulpotomy with MTA was associated with fewer cases of root resorption and post-treatment disease .  MTA appears to be a reliable alternative material for pulpotomy in primary molar teeth Introduction An ideal pulpotomy agent for primary molars has been sought for many years . Recently , new material s that allow regeneration of residual pulp tissue have been developed . In this study , we compared the preliminary clinical results obtained using Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulp-dressing agents in pulpotomies of primary molars . Methods A r and omized clinical study was performed in children aged 4–9 years with at least one primary tooth with decay or caries requiring pulp treatment . A total of 90 primary molars requiring pulpotomy were r and omly allocated to the MTA or Biodentine group , and 84 pulpotomies were performed . Clinical and radiographic evaluations were undertaken 6 and 12 months after treatment . All teeth were restored with a reinforced zinc oxide – eugenol base and stainless steel crowns . Statistical analysis using Fisher ’s exact test was performed to determine the significant differences between the groups . Results A total of four clinical failures were observed ; all involved gingival inflammation . The clinical success rate in the MTA Group after 12 months was 92 % ( 36/39 ) , whereas the Biodentine Group obtained 97 % ( 38/39 ) ( p = 0.346 ) . All radiographic failures were observed at the 12-month follow-up evaluation . One molar from MTA Group showed internal resorption obtaining a radiographic success rate of 97 % ( 38/39 ) . Two molars from the Biodentine Group showed radiographic failure ( 1 internal resorption and 1 periradicular radiolucency ) obtaining a radiographic success rate of 95 % ( 37/39 ) . Conclusions Biodentine showed similar clinical results as MTA with comparable success rates when used for pulpotomies of primary molars . However , longer follow-up studies are required to confirm our findings . Clinical relevance This article demonstrates the effectiveness of Biodentine as a primary teeth pulpotomy material , performing similar results as MTA at 12-months evaluation PURPOSE The purpose of this prospect i ve study was to compare light-cured calcium hydroxide ( Ca(OH)2 ) with diluted formocresol ( FC ) for its success as a primary molar pulpotomy medicament METHODS Selection criteria included at least 2 matching , asymptomatic , contralateral primary molars requiring vital pulpotomies . Matched teeth in each patient were r and omized to receive either Ca(OH)2 or FC as a pulpotomy medicament . All teeth were restored with prefabricated metal crowns .  Twenty patients ( 34 pairs of teeth ) were followed clinical ly and radiographically for > or = 1 year . Two blinded , st and ardized , and calibrated examiners evaluated and scored each radiograph for signs of pathology , based upon a modified scale previously proposed . RESULTS Findings were grouped in : ( a ) 0 - 6 ; ( b ) 7 - 12 ; and ( c ) 13 - 24 month intervals . Radiographic scoring favored the FC group of the 7- to 12- and 13- to 24-month intervals ( P<.05 ) . Clinical success was similar for Ca(OH)2 ( 94 % ) and FC ( 97 % ) at 12 months or less . Beyond 12 months , clinical success varied more ( Ca(OH)2=84 % , FC=97 % ) , but not significantly ( P=.08 ) . Combined success rates were lower for Ca(OH)2 ( 56 % ) than FC ( 94 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Light-cured calcium hydroxide does not appear to be a viable alternative to diluted formocresol as a pulpotomy agent OBJECTIVE To assess and compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of biodentine and formocresol for pulpotomy in human primary teeth . METHOD AND MATERIAL S A r and omized , split-mouth , double-blind , controlled clinical trial was carried out in 37 healthy 4- to 8-year-old children with 56 pairs ( 112 teeth ) of contralateral primary molars indicated for pulpotomy . Matched teeth in each pair were r and omized to undergo either biodentine ( n = 56 teeth ) or formocresol ( n = 56 teeth ) pulpotomy . In both groups , the teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns . The teeth were evaluated clinical ly and radiographically at 3 and 6 months by two blinded , st and ardized , and calibrated examiners . The data were analyzed using chi-square and McNemar tests with a P value of < .05 considered significant . RESULTS At both the 3- and 6-month follow-ups , all the 37 children with 112 treated teeth were evaluated . Clinical and radiographic success was similar for biodentine ( 100 % ) and formocresol ( 100 % ) , without any statistically significant difference ( P = 1 ) . Pulp canal obliteration was radiographically observed in 10/56 ( 17.9 % ) and 7/56 ( 12.5 % ) cases in the biodentine and formocresol groups , respectively . CONCLUSION Both pulpotomy techniques showed favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes at 3 and 6 months posttreatment without any significant difference . Hence , biodentine has the potential to become a substitute for formocresol in primary molar pulpotomies AIM The aim of the present study was to clinical ly and radiographically evaluate Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ( MTA ) as an agent for pulpotomy in primary teeth and to compare it with that of Formocresol ( FC ) pulpotomy . METHOD Seventy first and second primary m and ibular molars of children were chosen on patients who required minimum two pulpotomies in either arch or same arch . After the st and ardized technique of Pulpotomy with MTA and Formocresol , all molars were treated with a thick mix of Zinc oxide Eugenol cement into the coronal pulp chamber followed by preformed stainless steel crown . The children were followed up for clinical and radio graphical examination after 6 , 12 and 24 month for Pain , Swelling , Sinus/fistula , Periapical changes , Furcation radiolucency and internal resorption . RESULTS MTA represents 97 % clinical success rate in comparison to Formocresol with 85 % success . Radiographically also MTA showed more promising results with 88.6 % success in comparison to Formocresol with 54.3 % . CONCLUSIONS Thus , MTA pulpotomy has emerged as an easier line of treatment to save the premature loss of primary teeth due to caries or trauma Background The medicament formocresol ( FC ) used for pulpotomy in primary teeth has great concerns regarding its toxicity due to one of its constituent formaldehyde which acts by tissue fixation . Therefore , new medicaments were introduced which cl aim ed preservation and regeneration of pulp . Aim The present study is aim ed to compare and evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of FC , pulpotec , mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) , and emdogain ( EMD ) as pulpotomy medicaments in human primary molars . Design A sample of 21 patients with 84 teeth were selected . All the patients have at least four teeth eligible for pulpotomy according to selection criteria . In each mouth , the teeth selected were r and omly allocated into four groups with 21 each . Results After 24 months of follow-up , the clinical success rates were  FC  ( 94 % ) , pulpotec ( 94 % ) , MTA ( 100 % ) , and EMD ( 83 % ) and radiographically FC  ( 88 % ) , pulpotec ( 83 % ) , MTA ( 94 % ) , and EMD ( 72 % ) , which were statistically not significant ( p > 0.05 ) . Conclusion The outcome of this study demonstrates MTA has a high success rate compared with FC , pulpotec , and EMD as pulpotomy agent . In addition , MTA , pulpotec , and EMD can be considered as alternatives to FC as pulpotomy agent . How to cite this article Sunitha B , Puppala R , Kethineni B , Mallela MK , Peddi R , Tarasingh P. Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Four Different Pulpotomy Agents in Primary Molars : A Longitudinal Study . Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(3):240 - 244 The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical , radiographic and histological outcomes of the dentin-pulp complex from primary molars after pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and 15.5 % ferric sulfate ( FS ) . Thirty-one primary molars were r and omly allocated into MTA or FS groups . Clinical and radiographic evaluations were recorded at 3- , 6- , 12- and 18-month follow-up . Teeth at the regular exfoliation period were extracted and processed for histological analysis . Clinical and radiographic data were tested by statistical analysis ( p≤0.01 ) . Histological outcomes were analyzed descriptively . All of the treated teeth presented clinical success over the experimental periods . Both groups exhibited 100 % of radiographic success at 3 , 6 and 12 months . At the 18-month follow-up , one tooth from FS group presented inter-radicular radiolucency ( p>0.01 ) . Histologically , the treated teeth presented pulp vitality and absence of inflammatory infiltrate into the connective tissue . Only MTA group showed hard tissue barrier surrounded by odontoblasts over the pulp stumps . Both MTA and 15.5 % FS  are effective for pulpotomies of primary teeth . Although MTA is considered the first-choice material , FS may be a suitable alternative when treatment cost is an issue The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of lyophilized freeze dried platelet derived preparation with calcium hydroxide as pulpotomy agents in primary molars . Fifty six primary molars in 28 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . 28 teeth were treated by lyophilized freeze-dried platelet derived preparation and another 28 by calcium hydroxide .  Clinical evaluation was carried out out at 1 , 3 , and 6-months interval and the radiographic evaluation was carried out at 1 and 6-months . The success rate of lyophilized freeze-dried platelet derived preparation proved better than calcium hydroxide
After 18 - 24 months , in terms of treatment failure , the odds ratio for calcium hydroxide vs. formocresol was 1.94 [ 95 % credible interval ( CI ) : 1.11 , 3.25 ] ; 3.38 ( 95 % CI : 1.37 , 8.61 ) for lasers vs. formocresol ; 2.16 ( 95 % CI : 1.12 , 4.31 ) for calcium hydroxide vs. ferric sulfate ; 3.73 ( 95 % CI : 1.27 , 11.67 ) for lasers vs. ferric sulfate ; 0.47 ( 95 % CI : 0.26 , 0.83 ) for MTA vs. calcium hydroxide ; 3.76 ( 95 % CI : 1.39 , 10.08 ) for lasers vs. MTA CONCLUSIONS After 18 - 24 months , formocresol , ferric sulfate , and MTA showed significantly better clinical and radiographic outcomes than calcium hydroxide and laser therapies in primary molar pulpotomies .
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The network meta-analyses showed that MTA is the first choice for primary molar pulpotomies .
However , if treatment cost is an issue , especially when the treated primary molars are going to be replaced by permanent teeth , ferric sulfate may be the choice
OBJECTIVE Pulpotomy is a common procedure to treat asymptomatic reversible pulpitis in primary molars .
The aim of this study is to undertake a systematic review and a network meta- analysis to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of different pulpotomy procedures in primary molars .