A randomised controlled trial of three aesthetic full-coronal restorations in primary maxillary teeth. The survival of resin modified glass ionomer and stainless steel crown restorations in primary molars, placed in a specialist paediatric dental practice Stainless steel crown versus modified open-sandwich restorations for primary molars: a 2-year randomized clinical trial. Retentive strength of luting cements for stainless steel crowns: an in vitro study. Multi-surface composite vs stainless steel crown restorations after mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy: a randomized controlled trial. Postoperative Pain following Pulpotomy of Primary Molars with Two Biomaterials: A Randomized Split Mouth Clinical Trial A comparative study of retentive strengths of zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements with stainless steel crowns--an in vitro study. Retention of orthodontic bands with three different cements.
AIM This r and omised clinical trial ( RCT ) compared the clinical outcomes of three aesthetic full-coronal restorations ( composite strip crowns , pre-veneered stainless steel crowns ( SSCs ) and pre-fabricated primary zirconia crowns )  in carious and traumatised primary maxillary incisors . MATERIAL S AND METHODS One hundred and twenty nine teeth in 39 children aged between 3 to 5 years were included . Children were r and omly assigned to one of three treatment groups using a permuted block r and omisation technique with a total of 43 teeth in each group . After trainee calibration , restorations were placed and evaluated after 6 months . Outcomes evaluated were restoration failure , tooth wear of opposing teeth and gingival health . RESULTS The retention rate was highest for zirconia crowns ( 100 % ) followed by pre-veneered SSCs ( 95 % ) . Strip crowns were the least retentive ( 78 % ) . Zirconia crowns showed low grade abrasion in four opposing teeth . Teeth restored with resin composite and pre-veneered SSC showed an increase in mean gingival index score , while corresponding values decreased in zirconia crowns . CONCLUSION Resin composite strip crown is a highly sensitive technique leading to lower retention rate .  Pre-veneered stainless steel crowns showed increased incidence of facial veneer fracture .  Zirconia crowns are highly retentive and biocompatible but cause low grade of abrasion of their opposing natural dentition at the 6-month follow-up Aims To prospect ively report on the survival of resin-modified glass ionomer cement ( RMGIC ) , photac-fil and pre-formed stainless steel crown ( SSC ) restorations in primary molar teeth placed over a seven-year period in a specialist paediatric dental practice under private contract of remuneration . Method All primary molar restorations placed by a specialist paediatric dentist over a seven-year period were review ed and the outcome results recorded . Data were recorded at review visits until June 30 , 2003 . Data recorded included Class I restorations , Class II restorations and SSC . The Class II cavities were either mesial or distal , with or without buccal/palatal extensions . If both proximal surfaces were decayed or if after cavity preparation the result ant outline form was significantly larger than the minimal classical form , RMGIC was not used ; an SSC was placed instead . Stainless steel crown preparation followed conventional guidelines . The crowns were cemented with reinforced zinc oxide and eugenol ( Kalzinol ) . The status was recorded as satisfactory restoration , tooth exfoliated , tooth extracted for orthodontic reasons with the date of extraction , or needing replacement . If replaced then the reason for replacement was also recorded . Results A total of 544 Class I RMGICs , 962 Class II RMGICs , and 1,010 SSCs  were placed . At the last review of each restoration , 98.3 % of Class I , 97.3 % of Class II RMGICs and 97.0 % of SSCs were either satisfactory or withdrawn intact . Conclusion Under the conditions of private specialist practice -based study SSCs continued to prove very successful for the restoration of larger cavities and for pulp-treated primary molar teeth . For the smaller cavities RMGIC were also very successful OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical performance and survival of stainless steel crown ( SSC ) restoration  and  modified open-s and wich technique using resin-modified glass ionomer cement . DESIGN R and omized clinical trial . SETTING General dental practice . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 87 children aged 4 - 7 years at baseline with one or more primary molars that have undergone pulp therapy were r and omly assigned to receive either SSC or modified open-s and wich restoration . One hundred and sixty restorations were placed and evaluated after 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months using the Ryge criteria . RESULTS Comparable survival rates were observed for both SSC and modified open-s and wich restoration . With only four SSCs and six modified open-s and wich restorations failing over 24 months , the survival rates were high for both material s ( 2-year survival rate : 95.0 % for SSCs and 92.5 % for modified open-s and wich restorations ) . Significantly better gingival health ( P < 0.05 ) was observed for the modified open-s and wich restorations compared with SSCs , as only one modified open-s and wich restoration was rated Charlie compared to 13 SSCs . No significant differences were observed between the two material s for marginal integrity , proximal contact , occlusion , or recurrent caries . CONCLUSION The 2-year results indicated that the modified open-s and wich restoration is an appropriate alternative to SSC in extensive restorations , particularly where aesthetic considerations are important The present study evaluated and compared the retentive strength of three luting cements .  A total of forty five freshly extracted human primary molars were used in this study . The teeth were prepared to receive stainless steel crowns . They were then r and omly divided into three groups , of fifteen teeth each , so as to receive the three different luting cements : conventional glass ionomer resin modified glass ionomer and adhesive resin . The teeth were then stored in artificial saliva for twenty four hours . The retentive strength of the crowns was determined by using a specially design ed Instron Universal Testing Machine ( Model 1011 ) . The data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA to evaluate retentive strength for each cement and Tukey test for pair wise comparison . It was concluded that retentive strength of adhesive resin cement and resin modified glass ionomer cement was significantly higher than that of the conventional glass ionomer cement PURPOSE Parents increasingly request esthetic restorations for their children 's teeth . This split mouth , r and omized controlled trial compared primary molars treated with white MTA pulpotomies and restored with either multi-surface composites ( MSC ) or stainless steel crowns ( SSC ) . METHODS Forty matched , contra-lateral pairs of molars received MTA pulpotomies  and were r and omly assigned to MSC or SSC restorations and evaluated clinical ly and radiographically at 6 and 12 months . Two calibrated , blinded examiners evaluated and scored radiographs . RESULTS Thirty-seven matched pairs were evaluated at 6 months , and 31 were available at 12 months . All teeth in both groups were radiographically and clinical ly successful at 6 and 12 months . Dentin bridge formation was noted in 20 % of the primary molars by 12 months . Although not significant , the composite group exhibited fewer intact clinical margins than the SSC group . The vast majority ( 94 % ) of teeth restored with composite displayed gray discoloration at follow-up exams , which did not appear to affect the quality of the restoration and is believed to be associated with the white MTA . CONCLUSIONS The white MTA pulpotomies succeeded over 12 months regardless of the restoration ; however , the teeth restored with composite were not as durable nor considered an esthetic alternative to the SSC Introduction : The aim of this r and omized clinical trial split-mouth study was to compare the postoperative pain following use of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and calcium-enriched mixture ( CEM ) cement as pulpotomy agents in carious primary molars . Methods and Material s : Forty-seven children aged between 6 - 10 years old were enrolled in this study . Each child had two cariously involved primary molar in need of pulpotomy . After caries removal and preparing access cavity in one of the carious teeth , either MTA or CEM cement was r and omly used as the pulpotomy agent , while the other cariously involved primary molar tooth was capped with the other material in a separate visit . After covering the radicular pulp with one of the capping material s the teeth were permanently restored with stainless steel crown ( SSC ) .  Postoperative pain was recorded by using Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale ( Wong-Baker FPRS ) up to seven days following the treatment . Data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon , McNemar , and chi square tests . Results : Forty-five patients fulfilled the treatment procedure and returned the Wong-Baker FPRS forms . Overall 65.6 % of the patients reported pain irrespective of the pulpotomy agents used . There was no significant difference in postoperative pain between the teeth that received either MTA or CEM cement as pulpotomy agents in the first , second and the third day ( P=0.805 , P=0.942 , P=0.705 , respectively ) following the procedure . The trend of the pain scores showed decreasing manner during the study period for the teeth in either groups of MTA or CEM cement . There was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of analgesics used following the treatment ( P>0.05 ) . Conclusion : The findings of the present study showed that a majority of the children felt pain following pulpotomy and SSC placement ; however , there was no significant difference in pain reported when either MTA or CEM cement was used as pulpotomy agents This study was conducted on 30 extracted human primary molars to assess the retentive strengths of zinc phosphate , polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements . The teeth were embedded in resin blocks and were r and omly divided into 3 groups of 10 each . The occlusal surfaces of all teeth were reduced uniformly by 1.0 to 1.5 mm . All mesial , distal undercuts were removed and sharp angles rounded . This was followed by cementing pretrimmed and precontoured stainless steel crowns on each tooth with h and pressure and storing in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C for 24 hours . Retentive strength was tested using Instron Universal Testing Machine . The load was applied starting from a zero reading and gradually increased until the cemented stainless steel crowns showed signs of movement and then the readings were recorded . It was found that retentive strengths of zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements were statistically better ( P < 0.05 ) when compared to the polycarboxylate cement . Negligible difference ( 0 . 59 kg/cm2 ) was however observed between zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements In 1878 , zinc phosphate cement was introduced as a dental material and used to cement orthodontic b and s. The prevalence of enamel decalcification beneath orthodontic b and s has indicated the need for a fluoride-releasing orthodontic luting cement . The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive bond strengths of orthodontic b and s cemented individually with zinc polycarboxylate , glass ionomer and zinc phosphate cement adhesives .  Forty-eight extracted human molar teeth were embedded in resin blocks and each was r and omly assigned to one of the three cement groups . Adapted b and s were cemented by using h and pressure and a b and seater . The cemented teeth were then put in synthetic saliva at 37 degrees C for twenty-four hours . The force required to fracture the cement bond was used as a measure of cement retention . Using an Instron universal testing machine , a tensile load was applied to each cemented b and . The Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance test revealed no significant differences ( p > 0.05 ) among the retentive strengths of the three cements . Both the zinc polycarboxylate and the glass ionomer cements tested were found to be suitable as orthodontic luting agents . In addition , the ability to bond to enamel and stainless steel and to leach fluoride make the glass ionomer cement an ideal orthodontic cement
Conclusion : Within the limitations of this study , thein vitro literature seems to suggest that the use of self-adhesive resin cements shows higher retentive strength , followed by resin-modified glass-ionomer cement ( RM-GIC ) and conventional GIC .
However , RM-GIC can be a preferred luting agent due to its clinical advantages over resin cements .
Thus , it can be concluded that choice of cement will depend on individual patient needs and clinical situation
Background : Stainless steel crowns ( SSCs ) are unique coronal restorative material s used commonly in the management of primary teeth with extensive caries .
Aim : The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate the retentive strength of luting cements for SSCs .