Impact of Moderate-Intensity and Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity on Mortality Use of SPARK to promote after-school physical activity. Sustained effects of physical activity on bone health: Iowa Bone Development Study. Changes in physical activity levels, lesson context, and teacher interaction during physical education in culturally and linguistically diverse Australian schools Physical activity growth curves relate to adiposity in adolescents.
Purpose Physical activity guidelines recommend at least 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity ( MPA ) , 75 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity ( VPA ) , or combination of MPA and VPA . However , few epidemiological studies have examined whether the general population can derive equal health benefits from MPA or VPA . This study examined the associations of different activity intensities with mortality . Methods In this prospect i ve cohort study , a total of 83,454 community-dwelling Japanese who answered a question naire in 2000–2003 were followed for all-cause mortality through 2012 . Subjects were classified into four groups by physical activity guidelines and also by the proportion of VPA to total MVPA , that is , physically inactive , physically active without any VPA ( 0 % VPA ) , and active with some VPA ( 30 % or less ) or with more VPA ( more than 30 % ) . Hazard ratios of all-cause mortality were calculated with adjustment for potential confounders including physical activity volume . Results During 894,718 person-years of follow-up , 8891 deaths  were identified . Compared with physically inactive subjects , the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.75 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.68–0.83 ) , 0.73 ( 0.65–0.82 ) , and 0.74 ( 0.62–0.89 ) among men , and 0.71 ( 0.62–0.81 ) , 0.75 ( 0.64–0.88 ) , and 0.74 ( 0.58–0.94 ) among women . For “ 0 % VPA , ” “ 30 % or less ” and “ more than 30 % , ” respectively . Conclusions Meeting the guidelines in either pattern of physical activity is important for lowering mortality risk . It may be suggested that people can receive comparable health benefit by MPA or VPA as long as they meet the guideline BACKGROUND The after-school period is potentially an important venue for increasing physical activity for youth . We sought to assess the effectiveness of the Sports , Play , and Recreation for Youth ( SPARK ) program to increase physical activity and improve cardiorespiratory fitness and weight status among elementary students after school . METHODS This quasi-experimental controlled study compared change in moderate to vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) , body mass index ( BMI ) z-score , and cardiorespiratory fitness ( VO(2 ) ) over 5 months between students in after-school programs exposed to SPARK versus controls . Participants were fifth grade students at 3 intervention schools ( N = 48 ) and 3 control schools ( N = 52 ) . RESULTS There was no difference between groups in mean change in MVPA , BMI z-score , or cardiorespiratory fitness . After-school time dedicated to physical activity did not increase with the implementation of SPARK . Intervention students ' self- assessment of their activity levels relative to their peers significantly increased compared to control students ( p = .011 ) . CONCLUSIONS In this 5-month study , the SPARK program did not increase MVPA in the after-school setting . Increasing the amount of time dedicated to physical activity may be as important as the curriculum used to effectively increase physical activity after school Studies of youth athletics and interventions have shown some maintenance of bone mineral content ( BMC ; g ) after cessation of training , but less is known about sustained effects of everyday physical activity ( PA ) . Using a prospect i ve cohort , this report examined potential effects of  childhood PA  on  adolescent BMC . Participants ( N=156 boys , 170 girls ) had exams at ages 5 , 13 , and 15 . Body size and maturity were determined using anthropometry . Moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA ( MVPA ) and vigorous-intensity PA ( Vigorous PA ) were measured using accelerometry .  BMC of the spine and hip was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry . Mixed regression models tested whether PA at age 5 affected BMC at ages 13 and 15 after adjustment for age ( year ) , height ( cm ) , weight ( kg ) , maturity ( pre-peak height velocity or post ) , and activity level ( min/day ) . Analysis was repeated to control for age 5 BMC . On average , boys participated in 59 , 52 , and 38 min of MVPA and 13 , 17 , and 11 min of Vigorous PA at ages 5 , 13 , and 15 , respectively . MVPA ( β=0.799 ) and Vigorous PA ( β=1.338 ) at age 5 predicted later spine BMC ( p<0.05 ) . MVPA ( β=0.480 ) at age 5 predicted hip BMC . Girls participated in 47 , 33 , and 26 min of MVPA and 10 , 9 and 7 min of Vigorous PA at ages 5 , 13 , and 15 , respectively . Neither MVPA nor Vigorous PA  predicted later spine BMC . MVPA ( β=0.302 ) at age 5 predicted hip BMC . After controlling for BMC at age 5 as well as the other covariates , the effect of MVPA ( β=0.695 ) and Vigorous PA ( β=1.079 ) at age 5 remained significant for boys at the spine . For girls , neither MVPA nor Vigorous PA at age 5 predicted spine or hip BMC . Children 's early PA  appears to have a modest effect on  adolescent BMC at the critical regions of spine and hip ; benefits may be greater for geometric changes , which future studies should include Background Recent data show that only 15 % of Australian adolescents participate in adequate amounts of physical activity ( PA ) and those students from Asian and Middle-Eastern background s in Grade s 6–12 are significantly less active than their English-speaking background peers . Schools have recently been recognised as the most widely used and cost-effective setting for promoting PA among youth and one domain within schools where PA can occur regularly for all youth , regardless of cultural background or socio-economic status , is during physical education ( PE ) . Methods This study describes changes in physical activity ( PA ) , lesson context and teacher interaction in physical education over the first two years in culturally and linguistically diverse secondary schools . Grade 7 PE classes in six schools were r and omly observed using systematic direct observation ( n = 81 ) and then followed up over the same period ( n = 51 ) twelve months later . Results There was no significant decline in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) during PE ( MD = −4.8 % ; p = .777 ) , but a significant decline and medium negative effect in time spent in vigorous physical activity ( VPA ) ( MD = −7.9 % ; p = .009 ) during PE was observed . Significant declines and large negative effects over time in percentage of PE time spent in management ( MD = −8.8 % ; p < .001 ) and the number of observations where teachers promoted  PA ( MD = −20.7 % ; p < .001 ) . Conclusions The decline of VPA and teacher promotion of PA in culturally and linguistically diverse schools is of concern . Given the declines in VPA and the increases in time spent in game play , further research is needed to ascertain whether PE instruction could be improved by focussing on skill instruction and fitness in a games-based PE instruction model . Further research for increasing teacher promotion of PA during PE is needed PURPOSE Findings from prospect i ve studies on associations between physical activity and adiposity among youth are inconsistent . Our aim was to describe physical activity trajectories during secondary school and examine the association with change in adiposity in youth . METHODS  Physical activity  was measured in 20 survey cycles from 1999 to 2005 ; anthropometrics were measured in survey cycles 1 , 12 , and 19 . Individual growth curves modeling moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) and vigorous physical activity ( VPA ) were estimated . Estimates of initial level and rate of decline in MVPA and VPA bouts per week were included as potential predictors of body fat% and body mass index using age- and sex-specific linear regression . RESULTS Complete data were available for 840 and 760 adolescents aged 12 - 13 years at baseline , followed from survey cycles 1 - 12 and 12 - 19 , respectively . Among girls , yearly declines of one MVPA and one VPA bout per week during earlier adolescence were associated with increases of 0.19 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.02 - 0.36 ) and 0.47 ( 95 % CI , 0.015 - 0.92 ) units of body fat% , respectively . In boys , a yearly decline of one MVPA bout per week was associated with an increase of 0.38 ( 95 % CI , 0.05 - 0.70 ) units of body fat% during later adolescence . CONCLUSIONS Obesity prevention programs should include strategies to prevent declines in physical activity
VPA was more strongly associated with reduced body fat and central adiposity compared with MPA and /or MVPA .
Additionally , VPA was more strongly associated with increased CRF when compared with lower intensities .
Findings were inconclusive between all PA intensity levels and CM biomarkers , and several significant relationships observed for VPA were attenuated when controlling for CRF .
A potential VPA dose is identified as yielding favorable health benefits in adiposity and fitness .
While CM biomarkers were not consistently associated with PA intensity level , the literature suggests VPA may yield health benefits above those received from MPA for reduced adiposity and improved CRF .
Background .
Increasing evidence suggests that vigorous physical activity ( VPA ) in youth may yield greater health benefits than moderate ( MPA ) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) .
The purpose of this review was to assess the relationship between PA intensity and body composition , cardiorespiratory fitness ( CRF ) , and cardiometabolic ( CM ) biomarkers in youth .