Magnesium supplementation improves indicators of low magnesium status and inflammatory stress in adults older than 51 years with poor quality sleep. Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Flow-Mediated Dilatation among Hemodialysis Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Common statistical errors in the design and analysis of subfertility trials. The impact of cash transfers on social determinants of health and health inequalities in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol Oral magnesium supplementation decreases alanine aminotransferase levels in obese women. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation: protocol for a systematic review A systematic review protocol examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function Lutein supplementation reduces plasma lipid peroxidation and C-reactive protein in healthy nonsmokers. Effect of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Measures of Airway Resistance and Subjective Assessment of Asthma Control and Quality of Life in Men and Women with Mild to Moderate Asthma: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial
Low magnesium status has been associated with numerous conditions characterized as having a chronic inflammatory stress component . Some animal findings indicate that a moderate magnesium deficiency , similar to which apparently commonly occurs in humans , may enhance inflammatory or oxidative stress induced by other factors , including disrupted sleep/sleep deprivation . Thus , an experiment was performed with 100 adults ( 22 males and 78 females ) aged 59 ± 8 years ( range 51 to 85 years ) with poor sleep quality revealed by a Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI ) score higher than five . The participants were r and omly assigned to two groups matched by gender , age , and overall PSQI score . After baseline assessment ( week one ) of body mass index ( BMI ) , diet , blood and urine biochemical variables , and sleep quality , one group was given a 320 mg magnesium/day supplement as magnesium citrate and the other group a sodium citrate placebo for seven weeks . Final assessment s were made five and seven weeks ( which were combined for statistical analysis to reduce intra-individual variation ) after supplement initiation for the 96 participants who completed the study as design ed . Based on food diaries , 58 % of the participants were consuming less than the US . Estimated Average Requirement ( EAR ) for magnesium . Consuming less than the EAR was associated with a significantly higher BMI and plasma C-reactive protein ( CRP ) concentration . Only 40 participants had plasma CRP concentrations higher than 3.0 mg/L ( an indication of chronic inflammatory stress ) . Overall PSQI scores improved ( 10.4 to 6.6 , p < 0.0001 ) and erythrocyte magnesium increased ( 4.75 to 5.05 pg/cell , p = 0.01 ) regardless of magnesium or placebo supplementation . Magnesium vs placebo supplementation did not significantly affect serum magnesium when all participants were included in the analysis . When only the 37 participants with serum magnesium concentrations < 1.8 mg/dL ( indication of deficient magnesium status ) were analyzed , magnesium supplementation , but not the placebo , increased serum magnesium concentrations . Magnesium supplementation vs placebo decreased plasma CRP in participants with baseline values > 3.0 mg/L. The findings show that many individuals have a low magnesium status associated with increased chronic inflammatory stress that could be alleviated by increased magnesium intake . Because dietary magnesium intake did not change during the experimental period , another factor , possibly a placebo effect , improved sleep quality , which result ed in increased erythrocyte magnesium . This factor prevented the determination of whether magnesium deficiency contributes to poor sleep quality . The findings , however , suggest an association between magnesium status and sleep quality that needs further study to definitively determine whether a low magnesium status is a cause or an effect of poor sleep quality Objectives : The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of oral magnesium ( Mg ) supplementation on endothelial function through evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness ( cIMT ) , brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation ( FMD ) , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) among hemodialysis ( HD ) patients . Methods : This r and omized , controlled , double-blind clinical trial consisted of 54 patients on HD . One group was treated orally with 440 mg of Mg oxide 3 times per week for 6 months ( n = 29 ) . The control group ( n = 25 ) was given placebo using the same administration protocol . cIMT , FMD , serum calcium levels , phosphorus , lipid , CRP , and bicarbonate were measured at baseline and at 6 months in both groups . Results : At 6 months , cIMT was significantly decreased in the Mg group ( 0.84 ± 0.13 mm at baseline and 0.76 ± 0.13 mm at 6 months , p = 0.001 ) . However , in the placebo group , cIMT was significantly increased ( 0.73 ± 0.13 and 0.79 ± 0.12 mm , respectively , p = 0.003 ) . When hypertension , diabetes mellitus , smoking , hyperlipidemia , and systemic lupus erythematosus were controlled for in the analysis , the effect of Mg remained significant in both groups ( p = 0.000 ) . Conclusion : Our results indicate that Mg might not improve endothelial function ( CRP level and FMD ) and that a decreased cIMT as a marker of atherosclerosis may be due to the inhibition of calcification through the regulation parathormone , calcium , and phosphorus BACKGROUND The quality of clinical trials has received increasing attention with the growth of evidence -based medicine and systematic review s. We aim ed to identify whether errors and omissions commonly encountered when undertaking Cochrane review s in this field are still passing peer review . METHODS We undertook a review of trials published in 2001 by two major journals . We selected from Medline only trials in which authors compared pregnancy rates under two interventions by allocating women to different groups . RESULTS We identified 39 trials meeting our criteria . Six trials were fatally flawed by design , either by inappropriate use of a cross-over design or by systematic allocation described by the authors as ' r and om ' . Only six reports cl aim ed to apply the intention-to-treat principle , and the principle was misunderstood by four of these . Only five trials reported live birth rates sufficiently to allow valid meta- analysis . Most trials ( 82 % ) included at least one ' unit of analysis ' error . CONCLUSIONS We selected simple trials from respected journals , assuming that our sample would represent trials of highest method ological quality in the field . Nevertheless , the st and ards of design , analysis and reporting of many subfertility trials are not sufficient to allow reliable interpretation of results , or inclusion in meta-analyses Background There is increasing pressure to address the social determinants of health ( SDoH ) and health inequities through the implementation of culturally acceptable interventions particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa ( SSA ) where health outcomes are generally poor . Available evaluation research on cash transfers ( CTs ) suggests that the programs may influence the wider determinants of health in SSA ; yet , there has been no attempt to synthesize the evidence regarding their contribution to tackling the SDoH and health inequalities . To date , nearly all the review s on CTs ' impact on health have predominantly featured evidence from Latin America with limited transferability to the social , cultural , and political environments in SSA . Therefore , the aim of this study is to undertake a systematic review to assess the role of CTs in tackling the wider determinants of health and health inequalities in SSA . Methods / design A systematic review of published and unpublished literature on CTs ’ impact on health and health determinants covering the period 2000–2016 will be undertaken . Studies will be considered for inclusion if they present quantitative or qualitative data , including all relevant study design s. The SDoH conceptual framework will be used to guide the data extraction process . EPPI Review er software will be used for data management and analysis . Studies included in the review will be analyzed by narrative synthesis and /or meta- analysis as appropriate for the nature of the data retrieved . Discussion This review will provide empirical evidence on the impact of CTs on SDoH to inform CT policy , implementation , and research in SSA . The protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis Protocol s ( PRISMA -P ) . Systematic review registration This protocol has been registered with the PROSPERO international prospect i ve register of systematic review s , reference CRD42015025015 To evaluate the effect of oral supplementation with magnesium chloride on the systemic and hepatic inflammation , 38 non-hypertensive obese women aged 30 to 65 years were allocated into groups with and without hypomagnesemia . Hypomagnesemic women drank 50 mL of 5 % solution of MgCl2 equivalent to 450 mg of elemental magnesium . Low-carbohydrate diets and physical activity were indicated for women in both groups . Chronic diarrhea , alcohol intake , use of diuretics , previous oral magnesium supplementation , hepatic disease , and renal damage were exclusion criteria . Hypomagnesemia is defined by serum magnesium concentrations < or=1.8 mg/dL , hepatic inflammation by serum alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) levels > or=40 U/L , and systemic inflammation by serum high-sensitivity C reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) concentration > or=3 mg/L. At baseline ( p=0.06 ) and final of follow-up ( p=0.80 ) , there were no significant differences by body mass index between the groups in the study . In the same way , at baseline ALT ( 48.1+/-25.5 and 34.6+/-24.1 U/L , p=0.14 ) and hs-CRP ( 9.4+/-6.0 and 7.9+/-5.9 mg/dL , p=0.47 ) levels were similar in the supplemented and non-supplemented women . In the magnesium group , ALT ( 24.3+/-10.3 and 34.8+/-13.6 U/L , p=0.02 ) levels , but not hs-CRP ( 5.2+/-1.9 and 8.0+/-5.6 mg/L , p=0.08 ) reached significantly lower levels , in the fourth month of treatment , than in women in the control group . The adjusted odds ratios between the improvement in serum magnesium and reduction in ALT and hs-CRP levels were 0.56 ( 95 % CI : 0.3 - 0.9 ) and 0.93 ( 95 % CI : 0.6 - 29.9 ) , respectively . Results of this study show that in hypomagnesemic obese women , oral supplementation with magnesium chloride reduces plasma ALT levels ; hs-CRP levels only show a reduction trend Introduction The extraskeletal role of vitamin D is being increasingly recognised . This has important clinical implication s , as vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions worldwide . Vitamin D has proposed anti-inflammatory properties , yet the role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing inflammation remains largely unknown . The purpose of this review is to investigate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation , and to identify relevant knowledge gaps in the field . Methods and analysis Medline , CINAHL , EMBASE and All EBM will be systematic ally search ed for r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) and systematic review s of RCTs , comparing vitamin D supplementation with placebo , usual care or other pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions . One review er will assess articles for eligibility according to prespecified selection criteria , after which 2 independent review ers will perform data extraction and quality appraisal . Meta-analyses will be conducted where appropriate . Ethics and dissemination Formal ethical approval is not required as no primary data is collected . This systematic review will identify potential clinical implication s of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation , and will be disseminated through a peer- review ed publication and at conference meetings , to inform future research on the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for inflammation and inflammatory diseases . PROSPERO registration number CRD42016037104 Introduction Vitamin D has potential benefits for extraskeletal health . These could include an anti-inflammatory effect as well as a reduction in endothelial dysfunction . We aim to provide quality evidence for the hypothesis that supplementation with vitamin D will improve endothelial function ( EF ) , possibly through the abrogation of systemic inflammation . Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic review of all r and omised controlled trials on  vitamin D supplementation and EF lasting 12 weeks or more . The search will cover the period 2000–2015 and include studies that describe direct measures of EF  , markers of endothelial cell ( EC ) activation  and if concurrently reported , indicators of systemic inflammation  . Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review s and Meta-Analyses ( PRISMA ) guidelines and study quality will be assessed by the Jadad score in addition to an evaluation of allocation concealment and data analysis . If sufficient data are available , a meta- analysis will be conducted . The effect sizes will be generated using Hedges ’ g score , for both fixed and r and om effect models . I2 statistics and Galbraith plots will be used to assess heterogeneity and identify their potential sources . Potential publication and small sample size bias will be assessed by visual inspections of funnel plots and also Egger 's test . Meta-regression analysis ( if feasible ) will be conducted with restricted maximum likelihood ( REML ) estimation method , controlling for potential confounders ( demographics , study methods , location , etc ) . A backward elimination process will be applied in the regression modelling procedure . Subgroup analysis , conditional on number of studies retrieved and their sample size , will be stratified on participant disease category , total dose administered , degree of 25(OH)D change and type of supplement used . Ethics and dissemination Formal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected . The results will be disseminated through a peer- review ed publication , conference presentation and the popular press . Trial registration number International Prospect i ve Register for Systematic Review s ( PROSPERO ) number CRD42014013523 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether lutein affected biomarkers related to cardiovascular diseases ( CVD ) in healthy nonsmokers . METHODS A r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of lutein supplementation was conducted in healthy nonsmokers . 117 eligible subjects were r and omly assigned to receive 10 or 20 mg/d of lutein or placebo for 12 weeks . Levels of plasma carotenoid concentrations , total antioxidant capacity ( TAOC ) , the lipoprotein profile , and antioxidant enzymes activities were determined at baseline and at 6 , and 12 weeks after the initiation of treatment . Biomarkers of oxidative damage to protein and lipids , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) concentrations were measured at baseline and after supplementation . RESULTS Plasma lutein and TAOC significantly increased in both active treatment groups during 12 weeks . A significant reduction was found in malondialdehyde in the 20 mg lutein group . CRP concentration decreased in a dose-dependent manner for lutein supplementation , and there was a significant between-group difference in CRP between the 20 mg lutein and the placebo group . Serum CRP was directly related to the change in plasma lutein and TAOC for both active treatment groups . CONCLUSION The results support the possibility that lutein supplementation reduce biomarkers of CVD risk via decreased lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response by increasing plasma lutein concentrations and antioxidant capacity Background : Epidemiological data shows low dietary magnesium(Mg ) may be related to incidence and progression of asthma . Objective To determine if long term(6.5 month ) treatment with oral Mg would improve asthma control and increase serum measures of Mg status in men and women with mild-to-moderate asthma . Subjects : 55 males and females aged 21 to 55 years with mild to moderate asthma according to the 2002 National Heart , Lung , and Blood Institute(NHLBI ) and Asthma Education and Prevention Program(NAEPP ) guidelines and who used only beta-agonists or inhaled corticosteroids(ICS ) as asthma medications were enrolled . Design : Subjects were r and omly assigned to consume 340 mg(170 mg twice a day ) of Mg or a placebo for 6.5 months . Measurements : Multiple measures of Mg status including serum , erythrocyte , urine , dietary , ionized and IV Mg were measured . Objective : markers of asthma control were : methacholine challenge test(MCCT ) and pulmonary function test(PFT ) results . Subjective vali date d question naires on asthma quality of life(AQLQ ) and control(ACQ ) were completed by participants . Markers of inflammation , including c-reactive protein(CRP ) and exhaled nitric oxide(eNO ) were determined . Results : The concentration of methacholine required to cause a 20 % drop in forced expiratory volume in in minute(FEV1 ) increased significantly from baseline to month 6 within the Mg group . Peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR ) showed a 5.8 % predicted improvement over time(P = 0.03 ) in those consuming the Mg . There was significant improvement in AQLQ mean score units(P < 0.01 ) and in overall ACQ score only in the Mg group(P = 0.05 ) after 6.5 months of supplementation . Despite these improvements , there were no significant changes in any of the markers of Mg status . Conclusion : Adults who received oral Mg supplements showed improvement in objective measures of bronchial reactivity to methacholine and PEFR and in subjective measures of asthma control and quality of life
These findings were robust in sensitivity analyses .
Conclusions This meta- analysis suggests that Mg supplementation significantly reduces serum CRP level .
Introduction The aim of the study was to undertake a systematic review and meta- analysis of prospect i ve studies to determine the effect of magnesium ( Mg ) supplementation on  C-reactive protein ( CRP ) .