Success rate of dental implants inserted in autologous bone graft regenerated areas: a systematic review. Surgical protocols for ridge preservation after tooth extraction. A systematic review. Effectiveness of trigger point dry needling for multiple body regions: a systematic review Ridge Preservation for Implant Therapy: a Review of the Literature
BACKGROUND AND AIM To assess the success rate of  implants placed in atrophic ridges , regenerated by means of block bone grafts harvested from iliac crest , calvaria or intraoral donor sites ( m and ibular ramus , chin ) . METHODS AND MATERIAL S A systematic review of all prospect i ve and retrospective studies analyzing the success rate of  implants placed simultaneously or as a second surgery following ridge augmentation by means of onlay graft technique , compared with implants placed in pristine bone , was performed . To be included , studies had to involve at least five consecutively treated patients and to report clearly specified success criteria . It was also necessary a minimum follow-up period of six months , to allow the observation of potential biological complications during function , rather than early implant failures . In order to assess the success rate of implants in terms of health of periimplant tissues , implant stability , osteointegration and bone resorption , studies reporting only the survival rate of implants , were excluded . RESULTS From 323 potentially relevant studies , 65 full-text publications were screened and eight were identified as fulfilling the inclusion criteria . The success rate of  implants  placed in onlay graft regenerated ridges ranged from 72,8 % to 97 % after follow-up periods ranging from 6 months to 10 years , with all the studies but two , reporting a success rate higher than 84 % ( range 84 - 97 % ) . CONCLUSION The obtained data demonstrated that the success rate of implants placed in regenerated areas are very similar to those obtained in case of implants placed in pristine bone , and suggested that onlay graft augmentation is a quite predictable technique to allow the placement of implants in severely atrophic areas . Despite that , the current review revealed that there are not many studies providing data on the success rate of dental implants placed in onlay graft augmented ridges and demonstrated , on average , a poor method ological quality . So r and omized controlled studies adopting st and ardized criteria to define success and failure of implants are required and data from this review must be considered indicative OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to evaluate the scientific evidence on the efficacy in the surgical protocol s design ed for preserving the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction and to evaluate how these techniques affect the placement of dental implants and the final implant supported restoration . MATERIAL AND METHODS A thorough search in MEDLINE - PubMed , Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials ( CENTRAL ) was conducted up to February 2011 . R and omized clinical trials and prospect i ve cohort studies with a follow-up of at least 3 months reporting changes on both the hard and soft tissues ( height and /or width ) of the alveolar process ( mm or % ) after tooth extraction were considered for inclusion . RESULTS The screening of titles and abstract s result ed in 14 publications meeting the eligibility criteria . Data from nine of these 14 studies could be grouped in the meta-analyses . Results from the meta-analyses showed a statistically significant greater ridge reduction in bone height for control groups as compared to test groups ( weighted mean differences , WMD = -1.47 mm ; 95 % CI [ -1.982 , -0.953 ] ; P < 0.001 ; heterogeneity : I(2 ) = 13.1 % ; χ(2 ) P-value = 0.314 ) and a significant greater reduction in bone width for control groups compared to the test groups ( WMD = -1.830 mm ; 95 % CI [ -2.947 , -0.732 ] ; P = 0.001 ; heterogeneity : I(2 ) = 0 % ; χ(2 ) P-value = 0.837 ) . Subgroup analysis was based on the surgical protocol used for the socket preservation ( flapless/flapped , barrier membrane/no membrane , primary intention healing/no primary healing ) and on the measurement method utilized to evaluate morphological changes . Meta-regression analyses demonstrated a statistically significant difference favoring the flapped subgroup in terms of bone width ( meta-regression ; slope = 2.26 ; 95 % IC [ 1.01 ; 3.51 ] ; P = 0.003 ) . CONCLUSIONS The potential benefit of socket preservation therapies was demonstrated result ing in significantly less vertical and horizontal contraction of the alveolar bone crest . The scientific evidence does not provide clear guidelines in regards to the type of bio material , or surgical procedure , although a significant positive effect of the flapped surgery was observed . There are no data available to draw conclusions on the consequences of such benefits on the long-term outcomes of implant therapy Background : Trigger point dry needling ( TDN ) is commonly used to treat musculoskeletal pain related to myofascial trigger points ( MTrPs ) . To date , no systematic review of high- quality r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) investigating TDN to multiple body regions exists . Purpose : The aim of this review is to determine the effectiveness of TDN based on high- quality RCTs for all body regions . Methods : To ensure thorough reporting , Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review s and Meta-Analyses ( PRISMA ) guidelines were followed as the method ological basis for this systematic review . PubMed , Physiotherapy Evidence Data base ( PEDro ) , Cinahl , Cochrane and reference lists were search ed for the years 2000–2014 and the terms ‘ TDN ’ , ‘ dry needling NOT trigger point ’ , ‘ functional dry needling ’ and ‘ intramuscular manual therapy ’ . Inclusion criteria : RCTs with PEDro scores 6–10 investigating TDN . Exclusion criteria : duplicates , non-human participants , non-English language , exclusive focus on acupuncture or medicinal injections . Three investigators search ed data bases , applied criteria , read and assigned PEDro scores to every RCT . Nineteen studies met the criteria . As compared to either baseline or control groups , significant differences were found for pain ( 14 studies ) , range of motion ( ROM ) ( five studies ) and at least one item on function and quality of life measures ( six studies ) . Limitations : This review was limited by inclusion criteria , timeframe , language and data bases search ed . Conclusion : The majority of high- quality studies included in this review show measured benefit from TDN for MTrPs in multiple body areas , suggesting broad applicability of TDN treatment for multiple muscle groups . Further high- quality research is warranted to st and ardise TDN methods to determine clinical applicability Healing of the extraction socket after tooth removal involves retention of the blood clot followed by a sequence of events that lead to changes in the alveolar process in a three dimensional fashion . This normal healing event results in a minimal loss of vertical height ( around 1 mm ) , but a substantial loss of width in the buccal-lingual plane ( 4 - 6 mm ) . During the first three months following extraction that loss has been shown to be significant and may result in both a hard tissue and soft tissue deformity affecting the ability to restore the site with acceptable esthetics . Procedures that reduce the resorptive process have been shown to be predictable and potentially capable of eliminating secondary surgery for site preparation when implant therapy is planned . The key element is prior planning by the dental therapist to act at the time of extraction to prevent the collapse of the ridge due to the loss of the alveolus . Several techniques have been employed as ridge preservation procedures involving the use of bone grafts , barrier membranes and biologics to provide a better restorative outcome . This review will explore the evidence behind each technique and their efficacy in accomplishing site preparation . The literature does not identify a single technique as superior to others ; however , all accepted therapeutic procedures for ridge preservation have been shown to be more effective than blood clot alone in r and omized controlled studies
The use of DBB/CF reduced the magnitude of vertical bone resorption , yet the study showed high risk of bias .
Implication s of Key Findings Within the limitations of this systematic review , L-PRF reduced the magnitude of vertical and horizontal bone resorption , which places L-PRF as a potential material of choice for ridge preservation procedures .
Conclusions Within the limitations and weaknesses of both studies , the use of DBB/CF prevented the vertical crestal bone resorption while the L-PRF prevented both the horizontal and vertical crestal bone resorption .
Background The purpose of this systematic review was to accurately assess the procedural success of  ridge preservation technique  through the application of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria .