Beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: respective contributions of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio to coronary heart disease risk in apparently healthy men and women. Correlation of dyslipidemia with waist to height ratio, waist circumference, and body mass index in Iranian adults. Effect of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, on lipids, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein particles in patients with elevated serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Effects of resistance and multicomponent exercise on lipid profiles of older women. Increased atherogenic low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in untreated subclinical hypothyroidism. Comparison of the Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid With Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Level of Serum Lipoproteins in Helicobacter pylori: A Randomized Clinical Trial Lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein profiles in active and sedentary men with tetraplegia. Nonlinear Resistance Training Enhances the Lipid Profile and Reduces Inflammation Marker in People Living With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy on Serum Lipids in Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertensive Men Plasma lipid and lipoprotein response of humans to beef fat, coconut oil and safflower oil. [An evaluation of the hypolipidemic effects of lovastatin in primary hypercholesterolemia. A multicenter study].
OBJECTIVES This study was design ed to test the hypothesis that at any low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) level , other lipid parameters such as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) levels , triglyceride ( TG ) levels , and the total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C are still associated with an increased coronary heart disease ( CHD ) risk . BACKGROUND Although LDL-C is considered to be the primary target of lipid-lowering therapy , other parameters of the lipoprotein-lipid profile may more closely associated with CHD risk . METHODS In the EPIC ( European Prospect i ve Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition)-Norfolk prospect i ve population study , 21,448 participants without diabetes or CHD between age 45 and 79 years were followed for 11.0 years . A total of 2,086 participants developed CHD during follow-up . RESULTS Among individuals with low LDL-C levels ( < 100 mg/dl ) , after adjustment for age , sex , smoking , systolic blood pressure , waist circumference , physical activity , and hormone replacement therapy ( in women ) , those with non-HDL-C > 130 mg/dl had a hazard ratio ( HR ) for future CHD of 1.84 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 1.12 to 3.04 ) when compared with those with non-HDL-C levels < 130 mg/dl . In a similar model , individuals with TG levels > 150 mg/dl had an HR of 1.63 ( 95 % CI : 1.02 to 2.59 ) when compared with those with TG levels < 150 mg/dl , and individuals with a TC/HDL-C ratio > 5 had an HR of 2.19 ( 95 % CI : 1.22 to 3.93 ) when compared with those with a TC/HDL-C ratio < 5 . CONCLUSIONS In this prospect i ve study , independently of their plasma LDL-C levels , participants with high non-HDL-C levels , high TG levels , or with an elevated TC/HDL-C ratio were at increased CHD risk . CHD risk assessment algorithms as well as lipid targets of lipid-lowering trials may also need to consider other easily available parameters such as Overweight and obesity are increasing problems in many countries and are related to multiple cardiovascular risk factors . Although imaging techniques can determine total body fat and its distribution reliably , anthropometric measurements remain important in clinical practice . The purpose of this study was to determine the association between some anthropometric measurements and dyslipidemia as an important cardiovascular risk factor in Iranian population . A total of 750 subjects ( 580 females and 170 males ) were selected by multistage r and om sampling from residents of Arak ( Iran ) and related villages in 2005 . None of them had any significant past medical history .  Body mass index ( BMI ) , waist circumference(WC ) , and waist to height ratio(W/Ht ) of subjects were measured to identify their relationship with their lipid profile including total cholesterol(TC ) , triglyceride(TG ) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C ) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C ) , and the ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol(TC/HDL-C ) . Fasting blood sugar ( FBS ) was also measured . WC and W/Ht showed greater correlation with TC , TG , LDL-C , TC/HDL-C level than did BMI . Among lipid profile , TG showed the closest correlation with W/Ht ( r=0.309 , p<0.001 ) and WC ( r=0.308 , p<0.001 ) . HDL-C level did not show any statistical relationship with W/Ht , but it was weakly correlated with WC ( r=-0.088 , p<0.05 ) . None of the indices showed any association with FBS level . It can be concluded that W/Ht and WC can best predict dyslipidemia in an Iranian adult population . We suggest using both W/Ht and WC as inexpensive and easy methods in clinical and epidemiological fields The effects of atorvastatin ( lipitor ) on cholesterol-rich and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins were evaluated in this multicenter trial . Following a 6-week baseline period , 47 patients with elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels were treated with atorvastatin 10 mg once daily ( QD ) for the initial 12 weeks ( Period 1 ) increasing to 20 mg QD for the following 12 weeks ( Period 2 ) . At both the 10 and 20 mg doses , atorvastatin treatment result ed in significant reductions compared to pretreatment levels in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( VLDL-C ) , apolipoprotein ( apo ) B , apoB in LDL ( LDL-apo B ) , apo B in VLDL ( VLDL-apo B ) , lipoprotein (Lp)B , lipoprotein B-complex ( LpBc ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , low-density lipoprotein triglycerides ( LDL-TG ) , very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride ( VLDL-TG ) , high-density lipoprotein triglycerides ( HDL-TG ) , and apo C-III .  Atorvastatin 10 and 20 mg QD also result ed in significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , apo AI , and LpAII : B : C : D : E. Due to its unique ability to normalize both cholesterol-rich and triglyceride-rich particles , atorvastatin is a promising c and i date for monotherapy in a broad range of patients including those with varying degrees of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two exercise programs of 8 months duration on lipid profiles in older women . METHODS In 2006 , 77 women from Porto , Portugal , aged 60 - 79 years were r and omly assigned into a multicomponent exercise ( ME ) program or resistance exercise ( RE ) program . Before- and after-training , body composition , daily physical activity ( DPA ) , aerobic endurance , plasma concentrations of total cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) and triglycerides ( TG ) were assessed . Training was performed twice weekly . The protocol for the ME included aerobic exercise , muscular endurance exercises and activities targeted to improve balance and flexibility . The RE protocol included leg press , leg extensions and curls , double chest raises , lateral raises , overhead press and abdominal exercises . RESULTS Significant decreases in TG ( -5.1 % , p=0.006 ) , and significant increases in HDL-C ( 9.3 % , p<0.001 ) were observed in the ME group . Following 8 months no significant changes were observed on lipid profile in RE group , although lipid- and lipoprotein-related variables tended to alter favorably . Both regimens result ed in significant improvements on 6-min walk test ( 6.4 % , p=0.001 for ME ; and 6.0 % , p=0.044 for RE ) . No significant changes were observed in total DPA and body fat in either group after exercise interventions . No significant correlations were found between body composition , physical activity , aerobic endurance , and lipid profile . CONCLUSIONS The data suggested that 8 months of ME may be more effective than RE for inducing favorable changes in plasma lipoprotein and lipid profiles OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of physiologic doses of levothyroxine replacement on the lipoprotein profile in patients with sub clinical hypothyroidism ( SCH ) . METHODS In a prospect i ve , double-blind , placebo-controlled study , we enrolled 120 patients --mostly , but not exclusively , premenopausal women -- with SCH . Patients were r and omly assigned to either a levothyroxine-treated group ( n = 60 ) or a placebo ( control ) group ( n = 60 ) .  Total cholesterol ( TC ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , and triglycerides ( TG )  were measured before and 52 weeks after assignment to either group . RESULTS In the levothyroxine-treated group , the lipoprotein mean values before and after the 52-week study were as follows : TC , 5.05 + /- 0.98 mmol/L versus 4.74 + /- 0.87 mmol/L ( P<.0001 ) ; LDL-C , 3.30 + /- 0.90 mmol/L versus 2.89 + /- 0.59 mmol/L ( P<.01 ) ; TG , 1.18 + /- 0.71 mmol/L versus 0.95 + /- 0.53 mmol/L ( P<.002 ) ; and HDL-C , 1.20 + /- 0.33 mmol/L versus 1.19 + /- 0.32 mmol/L ( P = .29 ) . In the control group , TC , HDL-C , and TG values remained unchanged after 52 weeks in comparison with baseline , but LDL-C mean values increased from 2.79 + /- 0.60 mmol/L to 3.11 + /- 0.77 mmol/L , a change that was statistically significant ( P<.001 ) . At the end of the study , the lipid profile changes between levothyroxine-treated and control groups were compared . Total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly lower in the levothyroxine-receiving group ( P<.029 and P<.0001 , respectively ) in comparison with the control group . The difference did not reach statistical significance for TG and HDL-C values . CONCLUSION In premenopausal women , SCH has a negative effect on the lipoprotein profile and may translate into a sizable cardiovascular risk if left untreated Background : Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection around the world and an important cause of gastrointestinal disorders , which might be involved in the pathogenesis of some extragastrointestinal disturbances as well as changes in serum lipid profile . Hypolipemic properties of omega-3 fatty acids have been studied in several studies . Objectives : The present study aim ed to compare the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) supplementation on the level of serum lipoproteins in H. pylori . Patients and Methods : In a r and omized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled clinical trial in Iran , 105 Helicobacter pylori were r and omly allocated to receive 2 g of daily EPA ( 35 patients ) , DHA ( 35 patients ) , or medium-chain triglyceride ( MCT ) oil as placebo ( 33 patients ) along with conventional tetra-drug H. pylori eradication regimen for 12 weeks . Results : From 105 included patients , 97 ( 31 in EPA , 33 in DHA , and 33 in control groups ) completed the study and were included in final analysis . The levels of total cholesterol ( TC ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and the ratios of TG/HDL-C , TC/HDL-C , and LDL-C/HDL-C were not significantly different among the three groups , while the level of triglyceride ( TG ) was statistically different . DHA ( -16.6 ± 30.34 ) and control ( + 15.32 ± 56.47 ) groups were statistically different with regard to changes in TG levels ( P = 0.000 ) . Conclusions : There was no difference between the effects of 2 g of EPA or DHA supplementation for 12 weeks on the levels of total cholesterol , LDL-C , HDL-C , TC/HDL-C , TG/HDL-C , and LDL-C/HDL-C ; however , it had a desirable effect on the level of TG in a way that the effect of DHA was clearer OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the risk profile of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) is more favorable in physically active men with tetraplegia compared with sedentary men with tetraplegia . DESIGN Using a cross-sectional design , the lipid and (apo)lipoprotein concentrations of 11 active and 13 sedentary men with tetraplegia were compared . Regression analysis was applied to investigate the influence of subject characteristics and behavioral factors on the risk profile of CHD . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total plasma cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , triglycerides , apolipoprotein-A1 ( ApoA1 ) , and apolipoprotein-B ( ApoB ) concentrations were determined . Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) and the ratios TC/HDL-C , LDL-C/HDL-C , ApoA1/ApoB , and HDL-C/ApoA1 were calculated . RESULTS A significantly higher HDL-C and ApoA1/ApoB and lower TC/HDL-C were found in the active group . Age and body mass index were important determinants of the lipids and (apo)lipoproteins .  Sport activity was the only significant determinant of HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a positive influence of sport activity on HDL-C in men with tetraplegia , which may reduce the risk of CHD BACKGROUND Highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) is associated with high total cholesterol ( TC ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-c ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) levels . The natural course of the HIV infection reduces the high-density lipoprotein level ( HDL-c ) . Thus , physical exercise plays a key role in reducing the effects of HAART and HIV . METHODS Thirty people living with HIV ( PLHIV ) were r and omized to the nonlinear resistance training ( NLRT ) and control ( CON ) groups . The NLRT group underwent 12 weeks of resistance training , whereas the CON group maintained usual daily activities . All volunteers underwent anthropometric , body composition , and biochemical assessment s at the beginning and end of 12 weeks . RESULTS After 12 weeks , the NLRT group had increased lean body mass ( P < .0001 ) , and a reduction in body fat mass ( P < .0001 ) and body fat percentage ( P < .0001 ) . The levels of TC ( P < .0001 ) , LDL-c ( P = .049 ) , TG ( P < .0001 ) , and CRP ( P = .004 ) were reduced , and the HDL-c level increased ( P < .0001 ) . CONCLUSION Twelve weeks of NLRT causes beneficial changes in the body composition , lipid profile , and inflammation markers in PLHIV , and it can be used in this patient population The effect of antihypertensives on serum lipids in newly diagnosed male essential hypertensive patients was studied . The participants ( n = 99 ) were r and omly allocated to receive amlodipine , atenolol , enalapril , hydrochlorothiazide , and a combination of amlodipine and atenolol .  Lipid parameters were estimated before and after 8 weeks of therapy . The atenolol and thiazide group showed a significant increase in triglycerides ( TGs ) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( VLDL-C ) . High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and HDL-C to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) ratio were significantly increased and TC to HDL-C ratio was significantly decreased in the amlodipine and amlodipine— atenolol combination groups . In the enalapril group , we found a significant reduction in TC , TGs , VLDL-C , nonHDL-C , and TG to HDL-C ratio after treatment . It can be concluded from the present study that some drugs have beneficial effects on the lipid status , whereas others adversely affect the lipid status in hypertension This study 's purpose was to evaluate the fasting human plasma lipid and lipoprotein responses to dietary beef fat ( BF ) by comparison with coconut oil ( CO ) and safflower oil ( SO ) , fats customarily classified as saturated and polyunsaturated .  Nineteen free-living normolipidemic men aged 25.6 + /- 3.5 yr consumed central ly-prepared lunches and dinners of common foods having 35 % fat calories , 60 % of which was the test fat . The test fats were isocalorically substituted , and each fed for five weeks in r and om sequences with intervening five weeks of habitual diets .  Plasma total cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) concentrations among individuals follows the same relative rank regardless of diet . Triglycerides ( TG ) concentrations among individuals also maintain their relative rank regardless of diet but in a different order from that of the cholesterols . Plasma TC , HDL-C , and LDL-C responses to BF were significantly lower and TG higher than to CO . As compared to SO , BF produced equivalent levels of TG , HDL-C , and LDL-C and marginally higher TC . Thus , the customary consideration of BF as " saturated " and grouping it with CO appears unwarranted In the multicenter trial , the hypolipidemic efficacy and adverse event profile of lovastatin were estimated in 294 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia . The mean baseline ( on placebo ) lipid and lipoprotein values were : total serum cholesterol ( TC ) 313 mg/dl , triglycerides ( TG ) 168 mg/dl , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) 235 mg/dl , high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) 44.9 mg/dl . Lovastatin was begun with 20 mg/day , the dose being doubled after 4 and 8 weeks if the target reduction of TC < 200 mg/dl was not reached at those moments . At the end of the treatment the mean TC decreased by 29.5 % ( p ) as compared with the baseline level , TG by 14 % ( p ) . The normal target level of TC was reached in 106 patients ( 36 % ) , the borderline levels ( 200 - 240 mg/dl ) in 123 ( 42 % ) , high TC ( 240 mg/dl ) remained in 65 patients ( 22 % ) . LDL-C decreased by 38 % ( p ) , HDL-C increased by 7.8 % ( p ) , whereas LDL-C/HDL-C ratio decreased by 40 % ( p ) . The treatment was well tolerated by patients : mild clinical side effects were noticed in 2.7 % of patients and asymptomatic transient deviations of laboratory tests in 8.2 % . The authors conclude about high hypolipidemic efficacy and low adverse event profile of lovastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia
The programs based on aerobic exercise ( 60 min , 3 times/week , ≤75 % maximum heart rate ) improve the LDL-C and TG concentrations .
Moreover , the programs based on combined exercise ( ≥60 min , > 75 % maximum heart rate ) also improve the HDL-C concentration
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different physical exercise interventions on the lipid profile ( high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , and triglycerides ( TG ) ) of obese children .