Systemic Inflammatory Response After Open, Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery in Endometrial Cancer Patients. The effect of fatty or lean fish intake on inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with coronary heart disease Estrogen Levels in Nipple Aspirate Fluid and Serum during a Randomized Soy Trial Flaxseed oil does not affect inflammatory markers and lipid profile compared to olive oil, in young, healthy, normal weight adults. Changes in pain and insulin-like growth factor 1 in fibromyalgia during exercise: the involvement of cerebrospinal inflammatory factors and neuropeptides Angiopoietin‐2 is increased in severe sepsis: Correlation with inflammatory mediators Differential effects of polyphenols and alcohol of red wine on the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines related to atherosclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Effect of cocoa powder on the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. High-oleic rapeseed (canola) and flaxseed oils modulate serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers in hypercholesterolaemic subjects.
AIM To study inflammatory response and nutritional biomarkers in operated endometrial cancer ( EC ) patients . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total 109 consecutive EC patients undergoing open laparotomy ( LT ) , laparoscopic ( LS ) or robot-assisted surgery ( RS ) were studied . Twenty four patients served as controls . Pre- and postoperative levels of inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers were analyzed prospect ively . RESULTS The estimated blood loss was significantly lower in RS compared to all other groups . C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) correlated with each other and exhibited positive correlation with age , body-mass index ( BMI ) , leukocyte count , platelet count , kynurenine , kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and urinary neopterin and a negative correlation with vitamin D and retinol . Hemoglobin , retinol , alpha-tocopherol , vitamin D and citrulline concentrations decreased and inflammatory biomarkers increased after surgery to a different extent in LT , LS , RS and control groups . CONCLUSION The present data demonstrate a differential response to surgical trauma in patients with endometrial carcinoma Background Little is known about the effect of fish consumption on gene expression of inflammation-related genes in immune cells in coronary heart disease ( CHD ) . Aim of the study We sought to evaluate the effect of a fatty fish ( FF ) or a lean fish ( LF ) diet on the modulation of inflammatory and endothelial function-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P BMC s ) of subjects with CHD , and its association with serum fatty acid ( FA ) profile and lipid metabolic compounds . Methods Data from 27 patients r and omized into an 8-week FF ( n = 10 ; mean ± SD : 4.3 ± 0.4 portions of fish per week ) , LF ( n = 11 ; 4.7 ± 1.1 portions of fish per week ) , or control diet ( n = 6 ; 0.6 ± 0.4 portions of fish per week ) were analyzed . The mRNA expression was measured using real-time PCR . Results The effect of the intervention on the mRNA expression of the genes studied did not differ among groups . In the FF group , however , the decrease in arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid ( AA : EPA ) ratio in cholesterol ester and phospholipid fractions strongly correlated with the change in IL1B mRNA levels ( rs = 0.60 , P = 0.06 and rs = 0.86 , P = 0.002 , respectively ) . In the LF group , the decrease in palmitic acid and total saturated FAs in cholesterol esters correlated with the change in intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM1 ) expression ( rs = 0.64 , P = 0.04 for both ) . Circulating levels of soluble ICAM-1 decreased only in the LF group ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusions The intake of FF or LF diet did not alter the expression of inflammatory and endothelial function-related genes in P BMC s of patients with CHD . However , the decrease in AA : EPA ratio in serum lipids in the FF group may induce an anti-inflammatory response at mRNA levels in P BMC s. A LF diet might benefit endothelial function , possibly mediated by the changes in serum FA composition Background : On the basis of hypothesized protective effect , we examined the effect of soy foods on estrogens in nipple aspirate fluid ( NAF ) and serum , possible indicators of breast cancer risk . Methods : In a crossover design , we r and omized 96 women who produced 10 μL or more NAF to a high- or low-soy diet for 6 months . During the high-soy diet , participants consumed 2 soy servings of soy milk , tofu , or soy nuts ( ∼50 mg of isoflavones per day ) ; during the low-soy diet , they maintained their usual diet . Six NAF sample s were obtained using a FirstCyte aspirator . Estradiol ( E2 ) and estrone sulfate ( E1S ) were assessed in NAF and estrone ( E1 ) in serum only , using highly sensitive radioimmunoassays . Mixed-effects regression models accounting for repeated measures and left-censoring limits were applied . Results : Mean E2 and E1S were lower during the high-soy than the low-soy diet ( 113 vs. 313 pg/mL and 46 vs. 68 ng/mL , respectively ) without reaching significance ( P = 0.07 ) ; the interaction between group and diet was not significant . There was no effect of the soy treatment on serum levels of E2 ( P = 0.76 ) , E1 ( P = 0.86 ) , or E1S ( P = 0.56 ) . Within individuals , NAF and serum levels of E2 ( rs = 0.37 ; P < 0.001 ) but not of E1S ( rs = 0.004 ; P = 0.97 ) were correlated . E2 and E1S in NAF and serum were strongly associated ( rs = 0.78 and rs = 0.48 ; P < 0.001 ) . Conclusion : Soy foods in amounts consumed by Asians did not significantly modify estrogen levels in NAF and serum . Impact : The trend toward lower estrogen levels in NAF during the high-soy diet counters concerns about adverse effects of soy foods on breast cancer risk . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev ; 20(9 ) ; 1815–21 . © 2011 AACR OBJECTIVE Olive oil ( OO ) is a rich source of monounsaturated fat and bioactive components that exert strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties . Flaxseed oil ( FO ) is rich in α-linolenic n-3 fatty acid ( ALA ) , which also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects . This r and omized , cross-over study aim ed at exploring whether diet 's enrichment with FO could beneficially alter inflammatory markers and lipid profile , compared to OO , in a sample of normal weight , apparently healthy young adults . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Participants were supplied with 15 mL/day of either FO or OO . Each intervention and the wash-out period lasted 6 weeks . Dietary , anthropometric and physical activity variables were recorded at the beginning and the end of each intervention . Serum biochemical and inflammatory markers were measured . Compliance to the intervention was evaluated by fatty acid analysis in erythrocytes . Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to assess the effect of the treatment . RESULTS Thirty seven participants completed the study . No difference between the two interventions was observed in adiponectin , TNF-α , high sensitivity-CRP or glucose levels and lipid profile . At the end of the FO period , participants exhibited significant reductions in total ( -5.0 % ) and LDL-cholesterol ( -6.7 % ) levels ( all P<0.01 ) . During the FO and the OO period serum adiponectin changes were significantly correlated with changes in erythrocyte % ALA ( rs=0.34 , P=0.007 ) and in erythrocyte % EPA ( r(s)=0.47 , P=0.01 ) , respectively . CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of FO did not confer any benefit in inflammatory or biochemical markers in normal weight young adults , who traditionally use olive oil as the main edible oil Abstract Introduction Fibromyalgia ( FM ) is characterized by chronic pain . Impaired growth hormone responses and reduced serum insulin-like growth factor 1 ( IGF-1 ) are common in FM . The aim was to examine changes in serum IGF-1 , cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) , neuropeptides , and cytokines during aerobic exercise in FM patients . Methods In total , 49 patients ( median age , 52 years ) with FM were included in the study . They were r and omized to either the  moderate- to high-intensity Nordic Walking ( NW ) program  ( n = 26 ) or the  supervised low-intensity walking ( LIW ) program  ( n = 23 ) . Patients participated in blood tests before and after 15 weeks of aerobic exercise .  Changes in serum levels of free IGF-1 , pain rating on a 0- to 100-mm scale , pain threshold , and 6-minute walk test ( 6MWT ) were examined . CSF , neuropeptides , matrix metalloproteinase 3 ( MMP-3 ) , and inflammatory cytokines were determined . Nonparametric tests were used for group comparisons and correlation analyses . Results Serum free IGF-1 levels did not change during 15 weeks of exercise between the two groups , although the 6MWT significantly improved in the NW group ( p = 0.033 ) when compared with LIW . Pain did not significantly change in any of the groups , but tended to decrease ( p = 0.052 ) over time in the total group . A tendency toward a correlation was noted between baseline IGF-1 and a decrease of pain in response to exercise ( r = 0.278 ; p = 0.059 ) . When adjusted for age , this tendency disappeared . The change in serum free IGF-1 correlated positively with an alteration in CSF substance P ( SP ) levels ( rs= 0.495 ; p = 0.072 ) , neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) ( rs = 0.802 ; p = 0.001 ) , and pain threshold ( rs = 0.276 ; p = 0.058 ) . Differing CSF SP levels correlated positively to a change in pain threshold ( rs= 0.600 ; p = 0.023 ) , whereas the shift in CSF MMP-3 inversely correlated with an altered pain threshold ( rs= -0.569 ; p = 0.034 ) . Conclusions The baseline level of serum free IGF-1 did not change during high or low intensity of aerobic exercise . Changes in IGF-1 correlated positively with a variation in CSF SP , NPY , and pain threshold . These data indicate a beneficial role of IGF-1 during exercise in FM.Trial registration : Clinical Trials.gov NCT00643006 Objective : Angiopoietin (Ang)‐2 is an endothelium‐specific growth factor , regulated by proinflammatory stimuli , that destabilizes vascular endothelium and increases vascular leakage ; consequently , Ang‐2 may contribute to sepsis pathophysiology . We have studied 1 ) serum Ang‐2 levels in critically‐ill patients and investigated potential relationships with inflammatory mediators and indices of disease severity and 2 ) the effect of sepsis‐related inflammatory mediators on Ang‐2 production by lung endothelium in vitro . Design : Prospect i ve clinical study followed by cell culture studies . Setting : General intensive care unit and research laboratory of a university hospital . Subjects : Human and bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells and 61 patients ( 32 men ) . Patients were grouped according to their septic stage as having : no systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( n = 6 ) , systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( n = 8) , sepsis ( n = 16 ) , severe sepsis ( n = 18 ) , and septic shock ( n = 13 ) . Interventions : Cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide , tumor necrosis factor‐&agr ; , and interleukin‐6 . Measurements and Main Results : Patients ’ serum Ang‐2 levels were significantly increased in severe sepsis as compared with patients with no systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis ( p < .05 by analysis of variance ) . Positive linear relationships were observed with : serum tumor necrosis factor‐&agr ; ( rs = 0.654 , p < .001 ) , serum interleukin‐6 ( rs = 0.464 , p < .001 ) , Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score ( rs = 0.387 , p < .001 ) , and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ( rs = 0.428 , p < .001 ) . Multiple regression analysis revealed that serum Ang‐2 is mostly related to serum tumor necrosis factor‐&agr ; and severe sepsis . Treatment of human lung microvascular endothelial cells with all mediators result ed in a concentration‐dependent Ang‐2 reduction . Treatment of bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells with lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor‐&agr ;  increased Ang‐2 release , and interleukin‐6 reduced basal Ang‐2 levels . Conclusions : First ,  patients ’ serum Ang‐2 levels  are increased during severe sepsis and associated with disease severity . The strong relationship of serum Ang‐2 with serum tumor necrosis factor‐&agr ; suggests that the latter may participate in the regulation of Ang‐2 production in sepsis . Second , inflammatory mediators reduce Ang‐2 release from human lung microvascular endothelial cells , implying that this vascular bed may not be the source of increased Ang‐2 in human sepsis BACKGROUND Few clinical studies have focused on the alcohol-independent cardiovascular effects of the phenolic compounds of red wine ( RW ) . OBJECTIVE We aim ed to evaluate the effects of ethanol and phenolic compounds of RW on the expression of inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease . DESIGN Sixty-seven high-risk , male volunteers were included in a r and omized , crossover consumption trial . After a washout period , all subjects received RW ( 30 g alcohol/d ) , the equivalent amount of dealcoholized red wine ( DRW ) , or gin ( 30 g alcohol/d ) for 4 wk . Before and after each intervention period , 7 cellular and 18 serum inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated . RESULTS Alcohol increased IL-10 and decreased macrophage-derived chemokine concentrations , whereas the phenolic compounds of RW decreased serum concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 , E-selectin , and IL-6 and inhibited the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 in T lymphocytes and macrophage-1 receptor , Sialil-Lewis X , and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 expression in monocytes . Both ethanol and phenolic compounds of RW downregulated serum concentrations of CD40 antigen , CD40 lig and , IL-16 , monocyte chemotactic protein-1 , and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 . CONCLUSION The results suggest that the phenolic content of RW may modulate leukocyte adhesion molecules , whereas both ethanol and polyphenols of RW may modulate soluble inflammatory mediators in high-risk patients . The trial was registered in the International St and ard R and omized Controlled Trial Number Register at http://www.is rct n.org/ as IS RCT N88720134 BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have suggested that flavonoid intake plays a critical role in the prevention of coronary heart disease . Because atherosclerosis is considered a low- grade inflammatory disease , some feeding trials have analyzed the effects of cocoa ( an important source of flavonoids ) on inflammatory biomarkers , but the results have been controversial . OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effects of chronic cocoa consumption on cellular and serum biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in high-risk patients . DESIGN Forty-two high-risk volunteers ( 19 men and 23 women ; mean + /- SD age : 69.7 + /- 11.5 y ) were included in a r and omized crossover feeding trial . All subjects received 40 g cocoa powder with 500 mL skim milk/d ( C+M ) or only 500 mL skim milk/d ( M ) for 4 wk . Before and after each intervention period , cellular and serum inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis were evaluated . RESULTS Adherence to the dietary protocol was excellent . No significant changes in the expression of adhesion molecules on T lymphocyte surfaces were found between the C+M and M groups . However , in monocytes , the expression of VLA-4 , CD40 , and CD36 was significantly lower ( P = 0.005 , 0.028 , and 0.001 , respectively ) after C+M intake than after M intake . In addition , serum concentrations of the soluble endothelium-derived adhesion molecules P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were significantly lower ( both P = 0.007 ) after C+M intake than after M intake . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the intake of cocoa polyphenols may modulate inflammatory mediators in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease . These antiinflammatory effects may contribute to the overall benefits of cocoa consumption against atherosclerosis . This trial was registered in the Current Controlled Trials at London , International St and ard R and omized Controlled Trial Number , at controlled-trials.com as IS RCT N75176807 Recently , novel dietary oils with modified fatty acid profiles have been manufactured to improve fatty acid intakes and reduce CVD risk . Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of novel high-oleic rapeseed ( canola ) oil ( HOCO ) , alone or blended with flaxseed oil ( FXCO ) , on circulating lipids and inflammatory biomarkers v. a typical Western diet ( WD ) . Using a r and omised , controlled , crossover trial , thirty-six hypercholesterolaemic subjects consumed three isoenergetic diets for 28 d each containing approximately 36 % energy from fat , of which 70 % was provided by HOCO , FXCO or WD . Dietary fat content of SFA , MUFA , PUFA n-6 and n-3 was 6 , 23 , 5 , 1 % energy for HOCO ; 6 , 16 , 5 , 7·5 % energy for FXCO ; 11·5 , 16 , 6 , 0·5 % energy for WD . After 28 d , compared with WD , LDL-cholesterol was reduced 15·1 % ( P < 0·001 ) with FXCO and 7·4 % ( P < 0·001 ) with  HOCO . Total cholesterol ( TC ) was reduced 11 % ( P < 0·001 ) with FXCO and 3·5 % ( P = 0·002 ) with HOCO compared with WD . Endpoint TC differed between FXCO and HOCO ( P < 0·05 ) . FXCO consumption reduced HDL-cholesterol by 8·5 % ( P < 0·001 ) and LDL : HDL ratio by 7·5 % ( P = 0·008 ) v. WD . FXCO significantly decreased E-selectin concentration compared with WD ( P = 0·02 ) . No differences were observed in inflammatory markers after the consumption of HOCO compared with WD . In conclusion , consumption of novel HOCO alone or when blended with flaxseed oil is cardioprotective through lipid-lowering effects . The incorporation of flaxseed oil may also target inflammation by reducing plasma E-selectin
Moreover , the changes in interleukin 6 concentration was dependent on study quality and intervention duration .
The current meta- analysis indicated that RS intake can improve some inflammatory biomarkers .
This study aim ed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of  RS consumption on the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers .