Six months of resveratrol supplementation has no measurable effect in type 2 diabetic patients. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients. Effects of resveratrol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on skeletal muscle SIRT1 expression and energy expenditure. The Impact of Resveratrol Supplementation on Blood Glucose, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Triglyceride, and Periodontal Markers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Acute Resveratrol Consumption Improves Neurovascular Coupling Capacity in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus The effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma visfatin levels in patients with treatment naive type 2 diabetes mellitus. Resveratrol supplementation improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Therapeutic Potential of Resistant Starch in Modulation of Insulin Resistance, Endotoxemia, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Resveratrol Ameliorates Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Effect of Camel Milk on Blood Sugar and Lipid Profile of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Clinical Trial Treatment of hypogonadism with testosterone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Effect of Linagliptin on Glycemic Control in Chinese Patients with Newly-Diagnosed, Drug-Naïve Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The polyphenol resveratrol is considered to exert many beneficial actions , such as antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , insulin-sensitizer and anticancer effects . Its benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) are controversial . Our aims were to determine whether resveratrol supplementation at two different dosages ( 500 and 40mg/day ) for 6 months i ) reduced the concentrations of C-reactive-protein ( CRP ) and ii ) ameliorated the metabolic pattern of T2DM patients .  In the present double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled trial , 192 T2DM patients were r and omized to receive resveratrol 500mg/day ( Resv500arm ) , resveratrol 40mg/day ( Resv40arm ) or placebo for 6-months . At baseline and at the trial end , CRP values , anthropometric , metabolic and liver parameters were determined . No serious adverse event occurred . A dose-dependent , though not significant , CRP decrease of 5.6 % ( Resv40arm ) and 15.9 % ( Resv500arm ) was observed vs placebo . We failed to detect significant differences in weight , BMI , waist circumference , and values of arterial blood pressure , fasting glucose , glycated hemoglobin , insulin , C-peptide , free fatty acids , liver transaminases , uric acid , adiponectin , interleukin-6 , in both the Resv500 and Resv40 arms vs placebo . Total cholesterol and triglycerides slightly increased in the Resv500arm . Subgroup analyses revealed that lower diabetes duration ( in both Resv500 and Resv40arms ) , and , in the Resv500arm , younger age , aspirin use and being a smoker were associated with a significantly higher CRP reduction vs placebo . The supplementations with 40mg/day or 500mg/day resveratrol did neither reduce CRP concentrations , nor improve the metabolic pattern of T2DM patients Although resveratrol has widely been studied for its potential health benefits , little is known about its metabolic effects in humans . Our aims were to determine whether the polyphenol resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients and to gain some insight into the mechanism of its action . After an initial general examination ( including blood chemistry ) , nineteen patients enrolled in the 4-week-long double-blind study were r and omly assigned into two groups : a resveratrol group receiving oral 2 × 5 mg resveratrol and a control group receiving placebo . Before and after the second and fourth weeks of the trial , insulin resistance/sensitivity , creatinine-normalised ortho-tyrosine level in urine sample s ( as a measure of oxidative stress ) , incretin levels and phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt):protein kinase B ( Akt ) ratio in platelets were assessed and statistically analysed . After the fourth week , resveratrol  significantly decreased insulin resistance ( homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance ) and urinary ortho-tyrosine excretion , while it increased the pAkt : Akt ratio in platelets . On the other h and , it had no effect on parameters that relate to β-cell function ( i.e. homeostasis model of assessment of β-cell function ) . The present study shows for the first time that resveratrol  improves insulin sensitivity in humans , which might be due to a resveratrol-induced  decrease in oxidative stress that leads to a more efficient insulin signalling via the Akt pathway OBJECTIVES The primary aims of the study were to examine the effect of resveratrol on skeletal muscle SIRT1 expression and energy expenditure in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . BACKGROUND Animal and in vivo studies indicate that resveratrol increases SIRT1 expression that stimulates PGC1α activity . Subsequent upregulation of AMPK and GLUT4 expression are associated with improved insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues . METHODS Ten subjects with T2DM were r and omized in a double-blind fashion to receive 3 g resveratrol or placebo daily for 12 weeks . Secondary outcomes include measures of AMPK , p-AMPK and GLUT4 expression levels , energy expenditure , physical activity levels , distribution of abdominal adipose tissue and skeletal muscle fiber type composition , body weight , HbA1c , plasma lipid subfraction , adiponectin levels , and insulin sensitivity . RESULTS There was a significant increase in both SIRT1 expression ( 2.01 vs. 0.86 arbitrary units [ AU ] , p = .016 ) and p-AMPK to AMPK expression ratio ( 2.04 vs. 0.79 AU , p = .032 ) in the resveratrol group compared with the placebo group . Although the percentage of absolute change ( 8.6 vs. -13.9 % , p = .033 ) and percentage of predicted resting metabolic rate ( RMR ; 7.8 vs. -13.9 % , p = .013 ) were increased following resveratrol , there was a significant reduction in average daily activity ( -38 vs. 43.2 % , p = .028 ) and step counts ( -39.5 vs. 11.8 % , p = .047 ) when compared with placebo . CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2DM , treatment with resveratrol regulates energy expenditure through increased skeletal muscle SIRT1 and AMPK expression . These findings indicate that resveratrol may have beneficial exercise-mimetic effects in patients with T2DM The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of resveratrol supplementation along with non-surgical periodontal treatment on blood glucose , insulin , insulin resistance , triglyceride ( TG ) , and periodontal markers in patients with type 2 diabetes with periodontal disease . In this double-blind clinical trial study , 43 patients with diabetes with chronic periodontitis were participated . Subjects were r and omly allocated to intervention and control groups . The intervention and control groups received either 480 mg/day of resveratrol or placebo capsules ( two pills ) for 4 weeks . Fasting blood glucose , insulin , insulin resistance ( homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ) , TGs , and pocket depth were measured in all subjects ' pre-intervention and post-intervention . The mean serum levels of fasting insulin and insulin resistance ( homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ) were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with control group ( 10.42 ± 0.28 and 10.92 ± 0.9 ; 3.66 ± 0.97 and 4.49 ± 1.56 , respectively ) . There was a significant difference in the mean pocket depth between intervention and control groups ( 2.35 ± 0.6 and 3.38 ± 0.5 , respectively ) following intervention . No significant differences were observed in the mean levels of fasting blood glucose and TGs between two groups ' post-intervention . It is recommended that resveratrol supplementation may be beneficial as adjuvant therapy along with non-surgical periodontal treatment in insulin resistance and improving periodontal status among patients with diabetes with periodontal disease . Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons , Background : Poor cerebral perfusion may contribute to cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . We conducted a r and omized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that resveratrol can enhance cerebral vasodilator function and thereby alleviate the cognitive deficits in T2DM . We have already reported that acute resveratrol consumption improved cerebrovascular responsiveness ( CVR ) to hypercapnia . We now report the effects of resveratrol on neurovascular coupling capacity ( CVR to cognitive stimuli ) , cognitive performance and correlations with plasma resveratrol concentrations . Methods : Thirty-six T2DM adults aged 40–80 years were r and omized to consume single doses of resveratrol ( 0 , 75 , 150 and 300 mg ) at weekly intervals . Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to monitor changes in blood flow velocity ( BFV ) during a cognitive test battery . The battery consisted of dual-tasking ( finger tapping with both Trail Making task and Serial Subtraction 3 task ) and a computerized multi-tasking test that required attending to four tasks simultaneously . CVR to cognitive tasks was calculated as the per cent increase in BFV from pre-test basal to peak mean blood flow velocity and also as the area under the curve for BFV . Results : Compared to placebo , 75 mg resveratrol significantly improved neurovascular coupling capacity , which correlated with plasma total resveratrol levels . Enhanced performance on the multi-tasking test battery was also evident following 75 mg and 300 mg of resveratrol . Conclusion : a single 75 mg dose of resveratrol was able to improve neurovascular coupling and cognitive performance in T2DM . Evaluation of benefits of chronic resveratrol supplementation is now warranted AIMS Circulating visfatin levels are altered in insulin resistant states . We evaluated the effects of two insulin-sensitizing hypoglycemic agents on plasma visfatin and adiponectin levels in patients with newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . METHODS Forty-four patients with T2DM were r and omized to treatment either with pioglitazone ( 15 - 45mg/day ) or metformin ( 1000 - 2000mg/day ) . Plasma visfatin and adiponectin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) scores were determined at baseline and at 12th week of treatment . RESULTS By the end of the 12th week , fasting plasma glucose , HbA1c , HOMA-IR scores and waist circumferences improved equally in both treatment arms . HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels increased only in the pioglitazone group ( p=0.01 and p=0.003 , respectively ) . On the other h and , metformin treatment had additional regulatory effects on BMI , blood pressure and total and LDL-cholesterol levels ( p=0.002 , p=0.01 , p=0.004 , p=0.001 and p<0.001 , respectively ) . Neither pioglitazone nor metformin displayed a significant effect on circulating visfatin concentration . CONCLUSIONS Despite improvements in insulin sensitivity and glycemic regulation , either pioglitazone or metformin treatment did not result in any effect on blood visfatin levels in patients with treatment naïve T2DM Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound . Numerous animal studies have been reported on its wide-ranging beneficial effects in the biological system including diabetes mellitus ( DM ) . We hypothesized , therefore , that oral supplementation of resveratrol would improve the glycemic control and the associated risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . The present clinical study was therefore carried out to test the hypothesis . Sixty-two patients with T2DM were enrolled from Government Headquarters Hospital , Ootacamund , India , in a prospect i ve , open-label , r and omized , controlled trial . Patients were r and omized into control and intervention groups . The control group received only oral hypoglycemic agents , whereas the intervention group received resveratrol ( 250 mg/d ) along with their oral hypoglycemic agents for a period of 3 months . Hemoglobin A(1c ) , lipid profile , urea nitrogen , creatinine , and protein were measured at the baseline and at the end of 3 months . The results reveal that supplementation of resveratrol for 3 months significantly improves the mean hemoglobin A(1c ) ( means ± SD , 9.99 ± 1.50 vs 9.65 ± 1.54 ; P < .05 ) , systolic blood pressure ( mean ± SD , 139.71 ± 16.10 vs 127.92 ± 15.37 ; P < .05 ) , total cholesterol ( mean ± SD , 4.70 ± 0.90 vs 4.33 ± 0.76 ; P < .05 ) , and total protein ( mean ± SD , 75.6 ± 4.6 vs 72.3 ± 6.2 ; P < .05 ) in T2DM . No significant changes in body weight and high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols were observed . Oral supplementation of resveratrol is thus found to be effective in improving glycemic control and may possibly provide a potential adjuvant for the treatment and management of diabetes Aims : This trial aims to determine the effects of resistant starch ( RS ) subtype 2 ( RS2 ) on glycemic status , metabolic endotoxemia and markers of oxidative stress . Methods : A r and omized , controlled , parallel-group clinical trial group of 56 females with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) was divided to 2 groups . The intervention group ( n = 28 ) and control group ( n = 28 ) received 10 g/day RS2 or placebo for 8 weeks , respectively . Fasting blood sample s were taken to determine glycemic status , endotoxin , high sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) , antioxidant enzymes concentrations as well as uric acid at baseline and after the intervention . Results : After 8 weeks , RS2 caused a significant decrease in the levels of MDA ( -34.10 % ) , glycosylated hemoglobin ( -9.40 % ) , insulin ( -29.36 % ) , homeostasis model of insulin resistance ( -32.85 % ) and endotoxin ( -25.00 % ) , a significant increase in TAC ( 18.10 % ) and glutathione peroxidase ( 11.60 % ) as compared with control . No significant changes were observed in fasting plasma glucose , quantitative insulin sensitivity check index , hs-CRP , superoxide dismutase , catalase and uric acid in the RS2 group as compared with the control group . Conclusion : Supplementation with RS2 may be improved glycemic status , endotoxemia and markers of oxidative stress in patients with T2DM Resveratrol has been reported to have potent anti-atherosclerotic effects in animal studies . However , there are few interventional studies in human patients with atherosclerogenic diseases . The cardio-ankle vascular index ( CAVI ) reflects arterial stiffness and is a clinical surrogate marker of atherosclerosis . The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on arterial stiffness assessed by CAVI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).In this double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled study , 50 patients with T2DM received supplement of a 100 mg resveratrol tablet ( total resveratrol : oligo-stilbene 27.97 mg/100 mg/day ) or placebo daily for 12 weeks . CAVI was assessed at baseline and the end of study . Body weight ( BW ) , blood pressure ( BP ) , glucose and lipid metabolic parameters , and diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites ( d-ROMs ; an oxidative stress marker ) were also measured . Resveratrol supplementation decreased systolic BP ( -5.5 ± 13.0 mmHg ) , d-ROMs ( -25.6 ± 41.8 U.CARR ) , and CAVI ( -0.4 ± 0.7 ) significantly ( P < 0.05 ) and decreased BW ( -0.8 ± 2.1 kg , P = 0.083 ) and body mass index ( -0.5 ± 0.8 kg/m2 , P = 0.092 ) slightly compared to baseline , while there were no significant changes in the placebo group . Decreases in CAVI and d-ROMs were significantly greater in the resveratrol group than in the placebo group . Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified resveratrol supplementation as an independent predictor for a CAVI decrease of more than 0.5.In conclusion , 12-week resveratrol supplementation may improve arterial stiffness and reduce oxidative stress in patients with T2DM . Resveratrol may be beneficial in preventing the development of atherosclerosis induced by diabetes . However , a large-scale cohort study is required to vali date the present findings Background : It has been shown that camel milk consumption has a definite decreasing effect on the prevalence of diabetes . However , most of these studies were conducted on patients with type 1 diabetes , whereas studies on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) are limited . In vitro experiments have shown that camel milk was able to decrease blood glucose concentration . Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of camel and cow milk on blood sugar , lipid profile , and blood pressure of patients with T2DM . Patients and Methods : In a r and omized single-blinded controlled clinical trial , 20 patients with T2DM were r and omly allocated into two groups . Participants consumed 500 mL of either camel milk ( intervention group ) or cow milk ( control group ) daily for two months . Results : Mean of insulin concentration was significantly increased from 64.59 to 84.03 pmol/L in the camel milk group during the study ( P < 0.05 ) . No significant differences were shown in fasting blood sugar , lipid profile , and blood pressure between the two groups at the end of study . There was significant increase in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) during the study in both groups , but no significant difference was seen between the two groups . Conclusions : Camel milk increased insulin level in patients with T2DM and might contribute to glycemic control in T2DM OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of testosterone treatment on insulin resistance , glycemic control , and dyslipidemia in Asian Indian men with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) and hypogonadism . METHODS We conducted a double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study in 22 men , 25 to 50 years old , with T2DM and hypogonadism . Patients were treated with intramuscularly administered testosterone ( 200 mg every 15 days ) or placebo for 3 months in r and om order , followed by a washout period of 1 month before the alternative treatment phase . The primary outcomes were changes in fasting insulin sensitivity ( as measured by homeostasis model assessment [ HOMA ] in those patients not receiving insulin ) , fasting blood glucose , and hemoglobin A1c . The secondary outcomes were changes in fasting lipids , blood pressure , body mass index , waist circumference , waist-to-hip ratio , and and rogen deficiency symptoms . Statistical analysis was performed on the delta values , with the treatment effect of placebo compared with the effect of testosterone . RESULTS Treatment with testosterone did not significantly influence insulin resistance measured by the HOMA index ( mean treatment effect , 1.67 + /- 4.29 ; confidence interval , -6.91 to 10.25 ; P>.05 ) . Mean change in hemoglobin A1c ( % ) ( -1.75 + /- 5.35 ; -12.46 to 8.95 ) and fasting blood glucose ( mg/dL ) ( 20.20 + /- 67.87 ; -115.54 to 155.94 ) also did not reach statistical significance . Testosterone treatment did not affect fasting lipids , blood pressure , and anthropometric determinations significantly . CONCLUSION In this study , testosterone treatment showed a neutral effect on insulin resistance and glycemic control and failed to improve dyslipidemia , control blood pressure , or reduce visceral fat significantly in Asian Indian men with T2DM and hypogonadism Background This study aim ed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linagliptin ( a novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor ) on glucose metabolism and β-cell function in Chinese patients with newly-diagnosed , drug-naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . Material / Methods Newly-diagnosed and drug-naïve T2DM patients were enrolled . After 4-week lifestyle modulation and 2-week placebo run-in , 57 patients were r and omized to double-blind treatment with linagliptin ( n=34 ) or placebo ( n=23 ) . The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) after 24 weeks . Fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , 2-h postpr and ial plasma glucose ( 2h-PPG ) , fasting insulin , proinsulin-to-insulin ratio , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) , and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function ( HOMA-β ) were also evaluated . Results Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups . Compared with placebo , linagliptin therapy result ed in a significant decrease in HbA1C ( −1.2±0.7 % vs. −0.4±0.4 % , P<0.001 ) , FBG ( −0.98±1.17 vs. −0.32±0.51 mmol/L , P=0.011 , and 2h-PPG ( −2.02±0.94 vs. −0.97±0.63 mmol/L , P<0.001 ) . Significant differences were observed for the proinsulin/insulin ratio ( P<0.001 ) and HOMA-β index ( P=0.001 ) . Rates of adverse events were similar between the 2 groups ( 30.3 % vs. 27.3 % ) . All adverse events were mild . One patient discontinued participation due to pregnancy . Conclusions Linagliptin treatment result ed in a significant and clinical ly meaningful improvement of glycemic control in drug-naïve Chinese patients with T2DM , as well as improved parameters of β-cell function . Linagliptin had an excellent safety profile
The drug also reduced homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) index , systolic blood pressure , and diastolic blood pressure among participants with T2DM .
The changes in hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were negligible .
Subgroup analysis comparing the resveratrol supplementation doses of < 100 mg/d versus ≥ 100 mg/d revealed a significant difference in fasting plasma glucose .
In particular , the latter dose presented more favorable results .
This meta- analysis provides evidence that supplementation of resveratrol may benefit management of T2DM
Although the regular consumption of resveratrol has been known to improve glucose homeostasis and reverse insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) , the reported results are inconsistent .
Thus , we aim ed to assess the effects of resveratrol on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity among patients with T2DM .