Validation of the French version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire. Longer response scales improved the acceptability and performance of the Nottingham Health Profile. Testing the measurement equivalence of paper and interactive voice response system versions of the EORTC QLQ-C30 Measurement properties and interpretation of three shortened versions of the asthma control questionnaire. Comparative effectiveness of manipulation, mobilisation and the Activator instrument in treatment of non-specific neck pain: a systematic review Are Work Disability Prevention Interventions Effective for the Management of Neck Pain or Upper Extremity Disorders? A Systematic Review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration Reliability and Validity of the Persian Versions of the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in Patients With Neck Pain The Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire: English translation, validation, and subscales. A comparison of an electronic version of the SF-36 General Health Questionnaire to the standard paper version The Bournemouth Questionnaire: a short-form comprehensive outcome measure. II. Psychometric properties in neck pain patients.
Self question naires are an important aspect of the management of neck pain patients . The Bournemouth Question naire ( BQ ) , based on the biopsychosocial model , is design ed to evaluate patients with neck pain . The vali date d English version of this question naire ( BQc-English ) has psychometric properties that range from moderate to excellent . The goal of this study is to translate and vali date a French version of the Bournemouth Question naire for neck pain patients ( BQc-f ) . Its translation and adaptation are performed using the translation back-translation method , generating a consensus among the translators . This validation study was performed on 68 subjects ( mean age 41 years old ) who participated in a r and omized controlled trial regarding the efficiency of manual therapy for neck pain patients . This experimental protocol was design ed to generate data in order to evaluate the construct validity , longitudinal validity , test-retest reliability and responsiveness . The BQc-f psychometric properties of construct validity ( r = 0.67 , 0.61 , 0.42 ) for pre treatment , post treatment and longitudinal validity , respectively ) , test-retest reliability ( r = 0.97 ) and responsiveness ( effect size = 0.56 and mean st and ardized response = 0.61 ) are sufficient to suggest it could be used in the management of patients with neck pain OBJECTIVE To test alternative response formats for the Nottingham Health Profile ( NHP ) , in terms of acceptability , score distributions , and measurement properties . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING S R and omized trial of four response formats for the NHP : original " yes/no " format , a 3-point similarity format ( " applies completely/in part/not at all " ) , a 5-point intensity format ( " completely true " to " completely false " ) , and a 5-point frequency format ( " all the time " to " never " ) . Respondents were patients discharged from a hospital . We compared scores distributions , reliability coefficients , correlations with dimension-specific numerical scales , and patient ratings of the instrument . RESULTS Response rates were similar for the four versions . The original response format had the fewest fully completed question naires , and the largest ceiling effects . Internal consistency and test-retest coefficients were acceptable for all versions , but were higher for the two 5-point formats . Correlations reflecting convergent and discriminant validity were higher for the longer response formats than for the original version . The frequency format received the highest ratings from patients , particularly from the sicker and older subgroups . CONCLUSIONS The psychometric performance and patient acceptability of the NHP can be improved by using a 5-point frequency response format instead of the original dichotomous response format Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the measurement equivalence of an interactive voice response system ( IVRS ) version and the original paper-based version of the EORTC QLQ-C30 . Methods The QLQ-C30 is a cancer-specific , health-related quality of life question naire consisting of nine multi-item scales ( physical , role , emotional , cognitive and social functioning , fatigue , nausea/vomiting , pain , and quality of life ) and six single item measures ( dyspnea , insomnia , appetite loss , constipation , diarrhea , and financial problems ) . This study utilized a crossover design with subjects r and omly assigned to one of two assessment orders : ( 1 ) paper then IVRS or ( 2 ) IVRS then paper . Equivalence between the two administration modes was established by comparing the 95 % lower confidence interval ( CI ) of the intraclass correlation coefficients ( ICCs ) for each scale , with a critical value of 0.70 . Results The ICCs for the nine multi-item scales were all above 0.79 , ranging from 0.791 to 0.899 ( ICC 95 % lower CI range 0.726–0.865 ) and significantly different from our threshold reliability of 0.70 . The ICCs for the six single items ranged from 0.689 to 0.896 ( ICC 95 % lower CI range 0.611–0.888 ) . Two of the items , insomnia and appetite loss , were not statistically different from 0.70 . When considered together , the per- protocol analysis results support the equivalence of the  paper and IVRS versions of the QLQ-C30  for 13 of the 15 scores . Conclusion This analysis provides evidence that the scores obtained from the IVRS version of the QLQ-C30 are equivalent to those obtained with the original paper version except for the insomnia and appetite loss items The Asthma Control Question naire ( ACQ ) measures the adequacy of asthma treatment as identified by international guidelines . It consists of seven items ( 5 x symptoms , rescue bronchodilator use and FEV1 % of predicted normal ) . A validation study suggested that in clinical studies measurement of FEV1 and bronchodilator use may not be needed but this has never formally been tested in a clinical trial . The aims of this analysis were ( 1 ) to examine the measurement properties of three shortened versions of the ACQ ( symptoms alone , symptoms plus FEV1 and symptoms plus short-acting beta2-agonist )  and ( 2 ) to determine whether using the shortened versions would alter the results of a clinical trial . In the r and omised trial , 552 adults completed the ACQ at baseline and after 13 and 26 weeks of treatment . The analysis showed that the measurement properties of all four versions of the ACQ are very similar . Agreement between the original ACQ and the reduced versions was high ( intraclass correlation coefficients : 0.94 - 0.99 ) . Mean differences between the ACQ and the shortened versions were less than 0.04 ( on the 7-point scale ) . Clinical trial results using the four versions were almost identical with the mean treatment difference ranging from -0.09 ( P=0.17 ) , to -0.13 ( P=0.07 ) . For interpretability , the minimal important difference for all four versions was close to 0.5 . In conclusion , these three shortened versions of the ACQ can be used in large clinical trials without loss of validity or change in interpretation Background Neck pain is a common problem and different forms of manual therapy are used in its treatment . The purpose of this systematic review was to critically appraise the literature that directly compared manipulation , mobilisation and the Activator instrument for non-specific neck pain . Methods Electronic data bases ( MEDLINE , MANTIS and CINAHL ) were search ed from their inception to October 2005 for all English language r and omised clinical trials that directly compared manipulation , mobilisation and the Activator instrument . Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select the studies and these studies were then evaluated using vali date d criteria . Results Five such studies were identified . The method ological quality was mostly poor . Findings from the studies were mixed and no one therapy was shown to be more effective than the others . Conclusion Further high quality research has to be done before a recommendation can be made as to the most effective manual method for non-specific neck pain Abstract Purpose We conducted a systematic review to critically appraise and synthesize literature on the effectiveness of work disability prevention ( WDP ) interventions in workers with neck pain , whiplash-associated disorders ( WAD ) , or upper extremity disorders . Methods We search ed electronic data bases from 1990 to 2012 . R and om pairs of independent review ers critically appraised eligible studies using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria . Scientifically admissible studies were summarized and synthesized following best- evidence synthesis methodology . Results Of the 6,359 articles retrieved , 16 r and omized controlled trials were eligible for critical appraisal and five were admissible . We found that a return-to-work coordination program ( including workplace-based work hardening ) was superior to clinic-based work hardening for persistent rotator cuff tendinitis . Workplace high-intensity strength training and workplace advice had similar outcomes for neck and shoulder pain . Mensendieck/Cesar postural exercises and strength and fitness exercises had similar outcomes for non-specific work-related upper limb complaints . Adding a brief job stress education program to a workplace ergonomic intervention was not beneficial for persistent upper extremity symptoms . Adding computer-prompted work breaks to ergonomic adjustments and workplace education benefited workers ’ recovery from recent work-related neck and upper extremity complaints . Conclusions At present , no firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of WDP interventions for managing neck pain , WAD , and upper extremity disorders . Our review suggests a return-to-work coordination program is more effective than clinic-based work hardening . Also , adding computer-prompted breaks to ergonomic and workplace interventions benefits workers ’ recovery . The current quality of evidence does not allow for a definitive evaluation of the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions Study Design . Validation of 2 self-report question naires . Objective . To evaluate the internal consistency , reliability , and construct validity of the Persian versions of the fear avoidance beliefs question naire ( FABQ ) and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia ( TSK ) in patients with acute and chronic neck pain . Summary of Background Data . The FABQ and TSK are 2 important measures to evaluate fear of pain and fear avoidance beliefs in patients with spinal pain . To date , the psychometric properties of these question naires have not been demonstrated in Persian-speaking patients with neck pain in Iran . Methods . One hundred sixty-six patients with acute and chronic neck pain participated in the study . The construct validity of the question naires was evaluated by measuring convergent and known-groups validity . The visual analogue scale measure of pain , neck disability index , hospital anxiety and depression scale , and the physical ( PCS-12 ) and mental ( MCS-12 ) summary scores of the Short Form health survey ( SF-12 ) were used to test construct validity of the Persian FABQ and TSK . In addition , 50 r and omly selected patients with chronic neck pain were asked to complete the question naires 48 hours later for the second time . Results . Cronbach & agr ; coefficient for the FABQ and TSK in patients with acute and chronic pain was in the range from 0.77 to 0.92 and 0.77 to 0.78 , respectively . The Persian FABQ and TSK showed satisfactory test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient of more than 0.80 . There were moderate to strong correlations between the Persian FABQ and TSK scores and the neck disability index ( r = 0.44–0.55 ) , Depression subscales of the hospital anxiety and depression scale ( r = 0.42–0.48 ) , and PCS-12 ( r = −0.34 to −0.62 ) . Conclusion . The Persian FABQ and TSK have acceptable reliability and validity for measuring pain related fear and avoidance beliefs among Persian-speaking patients with acute and chronic neck pain . However , considering the study limitations , the findings should be interpreted with caution . Level of Evidence : PURPOSE To establish the English- language version of the  Amblyopia and Strabismus Question naire ( ASQE ) . DESIGN Prospect i ve cohort study . METHODS A structured translation process was followed to generate the ASQE , a 26-item instrument ( originally in Dutch ) containing five subscales for fear of losing the better eye , distance estimation , visual disorientation , double vision , and social contact and appearance . The ASQE was administered to 150 adults in a private practice setting . All had strabismus with or without amblyopia and visual acuity of 20/50 or better in at least one eye . Subjects also completed a brief disability question naire , and they were further characterized by levels of unilateral vision loss , diplopia , and asthenopia . RESULTS ASQE scores were highly correlated with the disability question naire outcomes ( r = -.76 , P < .0001 ) . Internal consistency reliability ( Cronbach alpha ) of the subscales ranged from 0.80 to 0.92 . Strong correlations were found between clinical characteristics and the ASQE ( total score and subscale scores ) . CONCLUSIONS The ASQE showed good psychometric properties that are in line with those of the original instrument . This , combined with strong correlations between ASQE scores and clinical characterization of the participants , establishes the ASQE as a useful tool for use in population s with strabismus and /or amblyopia Because of its sound psychometric properties the SF-36 General Health Question naire is used throughout the world , yet it is difficult to analyse and score . Using a newly developed software package , onto which any question naire can be loaded , we developed an electronic version of the SF-36 General Health Question naire . The purpose of this study is test the effect of the electronic mode of administration on the measurement properties of the SF-36 . In a r and omised cross-over design study 79 healthy individuals and 36 chronic pain patients completed both electronic and paper versions of the SF-36 . Seventy-one percent preferred the electronic SF-36 , 7 % stated no preference , and 22 % preferred the paper version . Completion time for the electronic SF-36 was slightly less , and there were no missing or problematical responses , whereas 44 % of participants had at least one missing or problematical response in the paper version . Data entry and auditing time was 8 hours . There was less than 4 % inter-version difference for any of the SF-36 sub-scales . The electronic SF-36 was well accepted and slightly quicker to complete than the paper version . We conclude that the electronic SF-36 is equivalent in performance and more effective than the paper version OBJECTIVE To modify an existing outcome measure ( Bournemouth Question naire [ BQ ] ) for use in patients with nonspecific neck pain and test its psychometric properties . DESIGN Prospect i ve longitudinal study in which the question naire was administered on 3 occasions ( pretreatment , retest , and posttreatment ) . SETTING Anglo-European College of Chiropractic outpatient clinic and 8 field chiropractic practice s. METHOD Seven core items relating to the biopsychosocial model of pain were included in the original question naire ( back BQ ) . The wording of one of these items ( disability in activities of daily living ) was modified to include activities likely to be affected by neck pain . Testing of the neck BQ was carried out in 102 patients with nonspecific neck pain . RESULTS The instrument demonstrated high internal consistency on 3 administrations ( Cronbach 's alpha = 0.87 , 0.91 , 0.92 ) . All 7 items were retained on the basis that they each significantly contributed to the total score ( item-corrected total score correlations > 0.43 ) and to the instrument 's responsiveness to clinical change ( item change-corrected total change score correlations > 0.42 ) . The instrument was reliable in test-retest administrations in stable subjects ( ICC = 0.65 ) . The instrument demonstrated acceptable construct validity and longitudinal construct validity with established external measures . The treatment effect size of the instrument was found to be high ( 1.67 ) . CONCLUSION The neck BQ covers the salient dimensions of the biopsychosocial model of pain , is quick and easy to complete , and has been shown to be reliable , valid , and responsive to clinical ly significant change in patients with nonspecific neck pain . Its use as an outcome measure in clinical trials and outcomes research is recommended
The Neck Disability Index is the most frequently evaluated question naire and shows positive results for internal consistency , content validity , structural validity , hypothesis testing , and responsiveness , but a negative result for reliability .
The other question naires show positive results , but the evidence for each measurement property is mostly limited , and at least 50 % of the information on measurement properties per question naire is lacking .
Purpose To critically appraise and compare the measurement properties of the original versions of  neck-specific question naires .