Synbiotic Food Consumption Reduces Levels of Triacylglycerols and VLDL, but not Cholesterol, LDL, or HDL in Plasma from Pregnant Women Consumption of Synbiotic Bread Decreases Triacylglycerol and VLDL Levels While Increasing HDL Levels in Serum from Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Effects of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4962 on plasma lipid profiles and morphology of erythrocytes in hypercholesterolaemic pigs on high- and low-fat diets. Effects of synbiotic on anthropometry, lipid profile and oxidative stress in obese children. The effects of synbiotic supplementation on insulin resistance/sensitivity, lipid profile and total antioxidant capacity in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. The effect of synbiotics pomegranate juice on cardiovascular risk factors in PCOS patients: a randomized, triple-blinded, controlled trial Combined effects of synbiotic and sitagliptin versus sitagliptin alone in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Effects of synbiotic food consumption on glycemic status and serum hs-CRP in pregnant women: a randomized controlled clinical trial Epidemiologic Evidence on Serum Adiponectin Level and Lipid Profile Perioperative synbiotic therapy in elderly patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery: a prospective, randomized control trial. Effect of a New Synbiotic Mixture on Atopic Dermatitis in Children: a Randomized-Controlled Trial Effects of Synbiotic Food Consumption on Serum Minerals, Liver Enzymes, and Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Double-blind Randomized Cross-over Controlled Clinical Trial
To our knowledge , no reports are available indicating the effects of synbiotic food consumption on blood lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress among pregnant women . This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of daily consumption of a synbiotic food on blood lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women . This r and omized , double-blind , controlled clinical trial was performed among 52 primigravida pregnant women , aged 18 to 35-year-old at their third trimester . After a 2-week run-in period , subjects were r and omly assigned to consume either a synbiotic ( n = 26 ) or control food ( n = 26 ) for 9 weeks . The synbiotic food consisted of a probiotic viable and heat-resistant Lactobacillus sporogenes ( 1 × 107 CFU ) and 0.04 g inulin (HPX)/g as the prebiotic . Patients were asked to consume the synbiotic and control foods two times a day . Biochemical measurements including blood lipid profiles , plasma total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) and total glutathione ( GSH ) were conducted before and after 9 weeks of intervention . Consumption of a synbiotic food for 9 weeks result ed in a significant reduction in serum TAG ( P = 0.04 ) , VLDL ( P = 0.04 ) and a significant rise in plasma GSH levels ( P = 0.004 ) compared to the control food . No significant effects of the synbiotic food consumption on serum TC , LDL , HDL and plasma TAC levels ( P > 0.05 ) were observed . Trial registry code : http://www.i rct .ir . I RCT 201212105623N3 To our knowledge , no reports are available indicating the favorable effects of synbiotic bread consumption on blood lipid profiles among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the daily consumption of synbiotic bread on blood lipid profiles of patients with T2DM . This r and omized double-blinded controlled clinical trial was performed with 78 diabetic patients , aged 35–70 years . After a 2-week run-in period , subjects were r and omly assigned to consume either synbiotic ( n = 26 ) , probiotic ( n = 26 ) or control bread ( n = 26 ) for 8 weeks . The synbiotic bread contained viable and heat-resistant probiotic Lactobacillus sporogenes ( 1 × 108 CFU ) and 0.07 g inulin ( HPX ) as prebiotic per 1 g. The probiotic bread contained L. sporogenes ( 1 × 108 CFU ) per 1 g. Patients were asked to consume the synbiotic , probiotic and control breads three times a day in a 40 g package for a total of 120 g/day . Biochemical measurements including blood lipid profiles were conducted before and after 8 weeks of intervention . Consumption of the synbiotic bread , compared to the probiotic and control breads , led to a significant decrease in serum TAG ( P = 0.005 ) , VLDL-C ( P = 0.005 ) , TC/HDL-C ( P = 0.002 ) and a significant increase in serum HDL-C levels ( P = 0.01 ) . No significant effect of synbiotic bread consumption on FPG , TC , LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels was seen compared to the probiotic and control breads ( P > 0.05 ) . Trial registry code : http://www.i rct .ir I RCT 201311215623N13 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4962 , fructooligosaccharide , inulin and mannitol on plasma lipid profiles and erythrocyte membrane properties in hypercholesterolaemic pigs on high- and low-fat diets . Twenty-four white male L and race pigs were r and omly allocated to four treatment groups for 8 weeks ( n 6 ) . Treatment factors were the supplementation of synbiotic ( with and without ) and dietary fat ( 5 and 15 % ) . The supplementation of synbiotic reduced plasma total cholesterol ( P = 0.001 ) , TAG ( P = 0.002 ) and LDL-cholesterol ( P = 0.045 ) for both dietary fats . A higher concentration of esterified-cholesterol in HDL of pigs supplemented with synbiotic than the control regardless of dietary fat ( P = 0.036 ) indicated that cholesterol was reduced in the form of cholesteryl esters . Reduced concentration of cholesteryl esters ( P < 0.001 ) and increased concentration of TAG ( P = 0.042 ) in LDL of pigs on synbiotic suggested that LDL-cholesterol was reduced via the hydrolysis of smaller and denser LDL particles . The erythrocytes of pigs without any synbiotic showed more prevalence of spur cells than those given the synbiotic , as supported by the higher cholesterol : phospholipid ratio in erythrocytes ( P = 0.001 ) . Also , membrane fluidity and rigidity were improved as supported by the decreased fluorescence anisotropies in the Hb-free erythrocyte membrane of pigs given synbiotic ( P < 0.001 ) . The administration of the synbiotic reduced plasma TAG , total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in hypercholesterolaemic pigs , possibly in the form of cholesteryl esters , via the interrelated pathways of lipid transporters ( VLDL , LDL and HDL ) . The synbiotic also reduced deformation of erythrocytes via improved membrane fluidity and permeability Recent studies have suggested some beneficial effects of probiotics and /or prebiotics on obesity in adults ; such experience is limited in children and adolescents . This study was an open-label , r and omised , controlled study including children with primary obesity . The first group was treated with a st and ard method with a reduced calorie intake and increased physical activity . The second group received add-on daily synbiotic supplementation during one month . The aim of this study was to evaluate potential effects of a synbiotic on anthropometric measurements , lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters . One month of supplementation of the synbiotic result ed in a significant reduction of weight ( P<0.001 ) and body mass index ( P<0.01 ) . Changes ( % reduction comparing to baseline ) in anthropometric measurements , were significantly higher in the children receiving the additional synbiotic supplement ( P<0.05 ) . The percentage of children with weight loss was higher in the synbiotic group , but not statistically significant ( 71.4 vs 64.2 % , P>0.05 ) . At the 30(th ) day of synbiotic intervention , serum total cholesterol , low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total oxidative stress levels significantly declined ( P<0.05 ) . Changes in serum lipid levels were significantly higher in the synbiotic group ( P<0.05 ) . Changes in serum total oxidative stress levels before and after the intervention period , were significant in synbiotic group ( P<0.01 ) . In our study , changes in weight , body mass index , and triceps skinfold thickness were higher in the group receiving the one month synbiotic supplement thin in the st and ard method group . The supplement tested also had a beneficial effect on lipid profile and total oxidative stress . To the best of our knowledge , this is the first study showing the effects of synbiotics on oxidative stress in obese patients with an additional effect on weight loss regarding to previous studies AIMS The role of gut microbiota in the management of diabetes is shown . In this r and omized clinical trial we assessed the effects of synbiotic supplementation on insulin , lipid profile and antioxidative status among women with gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) . METHODS Ninety pregnant women with GDM were r and omly assigned into two groups to receive either a daily synbiotic capsule - consisting of L. acidophilus , L. plantarum , L. fermentum , L. gasseri ( 1.5 - 7.0 × 109 - 10 CFU/g ) - with fructooligosaccharide ( 38.5 mg ) , or placebo for 6 weeks . Fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , insulin , homeostasis model assessment -insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) , quantitative insulin sensitivity check index ( QUICKI ) , high- and low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C , LDL-C ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) , and systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( SBP , DSP ) were assessed before and after the intervention . RESULTS No significant changes in FPG , insulin resistance/sensitivity , lipid profile and TAC indices were seen in synbiotic group compared to the placebo one ( p > 0.05 ) . Significant within group increases for HDL-C and TAC levels in synbiotic group were observed ( p < 0.05 ) . LDL-C showed significant increment in the placebo group compared to the baseline of the study ( 6.9 mg/dL , p < 0.05 ) . Between group comparison showed significant decrease in SBP and DBP in synbiotic group compared to placebo ( -2.5 vs. 8.6 mmHg , and -1.8 vs. 2.1 mmHg , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS The results showed that , in women with GDM , synbiotic supplementation had no effect on FPG and insulin resistance/sensitivity indices . Lipid profile and TAC status may be affected by synbiotic supplementation . Synbiotic is effective in reducing of blood pressure in women with GDM Purpose Polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS ) is one of the most common metabolic and endocrine disorders . Functional foods like pomegranate and probiotics are those that are considered to have beneficial effects on metabolic diseases beyond their basic nutritional value . So , we aim ed to evaluate the effect of synbiotic pomegranate juice ( SPJ ) on cardiovascular risk factors on PCOS patients . Methods This was a r and omized , triple-blinded , 8-week trial . Participants were r and omly assigned to receive 300 mL/day of pomegranate juice ( PJ ) , synbiotic beverage ( SB ) , synbiotic pomegranate juice ( SPJ ) , or placebo beverage ( PB ) . Biochemical indices ( lipid profile , Total Antioxidant Capacity ( TAC ) , Malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , high sensitive C-Reactive Protein ( hs-CRP ) ) and blood pressure were assessed before and after the intervention . Results Participants in the PJ , SB , and SPJ groups experienced improvement in their lipid profile , oxidative stress , inflammation , and blood pressure during the time . Compared to placebo , Total Cholesterol ( TC ) was lower in the SB group ( P < 0.01 ) , LDL-c was lower in the SPJ and SB groups ( P < 0.01 ) , and HDL-c was higher in the SPJ and PJ groups ( P < 0.01 ) . With regards to oxidative stress and inflammation , when compared with placebo , MDA was lower in the SPJ , SB , and PJ groups ( P < 0.001 ) , TAC was increased in the SPJ and PJ groups ( P $ $ < $ $ < 0.001 ) , and hs-CRP was decreased in the PJ group ( P = 0.02 ) . Blood pressure ( BP ) was lower in the SPJ and PJ groups compared to placebo ( P < 0.001 ; P < 0.01 , respectively ) . Conclusions Consuming daily SPJ for 8 weeks improved metabolic , oxidative , inflammatory , and BP outcomes in females with PCOS . This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( I RCT 20170207032439N2 ) Background / Aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases in recent years . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sitagliptin with and without a synbiotic supplement in the treatment of patients with NAFLD . Methods In total , 138 NAFLD patients aged 18 - 60 years were enrolled in the study . Patients were r and omized to one of the following treatments for 16 weeks : Group I ( n=68 ) , sitagliptin 50 mg daily plus placebo ( one capsule per day ) or group II ( n=70 ) sitagliptin 50 mg daily plus synbiotic ( one capsule per day ) . Changes in fasting blood glucose ( FBS ) , liver enzymes , lipid profile , and body mass index were compared between the groups . Results The mean change in FBS  with sitagliptin-placebo from baseline was -10.47±5.77 mg/dL , and that with sitagliptin-synbiotic was -13.52±4.16 mg/dL. There was a significant difference between the groups ( P<0.001 ) . The mean change in cholesterol ( Chol ) was -8.34±28.83 mg/dL with sitagliptin-placebo and -21.25±15.50 mg/dL with sitagliptinsynbiotic . There was a significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.029 ) . The administration of sitagliptin-placebo induced an increase of 6.13±27.04 mg/dL in low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) , whereas sitagliptin-synbiotic induced a decrease of 14.92±15.85 mg/dL in LDL . A significant difference was observed between the two groups ( P<0.001 ) . On the other h and , in the sitagliptin-synbiotic group , there was significant improvement in aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) level  compared to the sitagliptin-placebo group ( P=0.018 ) . Conclusions Sitagliptin-synbiotic produced greater improvement in FBS , AST , Chol , and LDL compared to sitagliptin alone in patients with NAFLD OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to determine the effects of synbiotic food consumption on glycemic status and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) levels of Iranian pregnant women . DESIGN : This r and omized placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed among 52 pregnant women , primigravida , aged 18–35 year old , in their third trimester . After a 2-wk run-in period , subjects were r and omly assigned to consume either a synbiotic ( n=26 ) or control food ( n=26 ) for 9 weeks . The synbiotic food consisted of a probiotic Lactobacillus sporogenes ( 1 × 107 CFU ) , 0.04 g inulin as prebiotic with 0.38 g isomalt , 0.36 g sorbitol and 0.05 g stevia as sweetener per 1 g. Control food ( the same substance without probiotic bacteria and inulin ) was packed in identical 9-gram packages . Patients were asked to consume the synbiotic and control foods two times a day . Fasting blood sample s were taken at baseline and after a 9-wk intervention for quantification of related factors . RESULTS : Consumption of a synbiotic food did not show any significant change regarding the impact of insulin actions in the synbiotic group ; nonetheless , compared to the control food , it result ed in a significant decrease in serum insulin levels ( −0.26 vs. 6.34 µIU/mL , P=0.014 ) and HOMA-IR ( −0.13 vs. 1.13 , P=0.033 ) , a significant difference in HOMA-B ( 5.30 vs. 34.22 , P=0.040 ) and a significant rise in QUICKI score ( 0.002 vs. −0.02 , P=0.022 ) . CONCLUSIONS : Consumption of a synbiotic food for 9 weeks by pregnant women had beneficial effects on insulin actions compared to the control food , but did not affect FPG and serum hs-CRP concentrations The concentration of adiponectin , a hormone which is secreted from adipose tissue , is inversely correlated with body fat mass . This hormone has anti inflammatory and anti atherogenic properties . Its concentration reduces in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases . This study review s the evidence on the relationship between serum  adiponectin concentration and lipid profile .  In this study former clinical trials , cross sectional and prospect i ve studies have been review ed . The PubMed search engine has been used to find related research for the topic by considering dyslipidemia , total cholesterol ( TC ) , high and low density protein ( HDL and LDL ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , lipid profile ( LP ) and adiponectin as the key words . Finally , 25 articles were recruited to review in the present article . Serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with plasma HDL cholestrol concentrations . There was a significant inverse relationship between plasma triglyceride and serum adiponectin . An inverse correlation between very low density lipoprotein ( VLDL ) and LDL levels and adiponectin was reported from the studies . So , Adiponectin has an important role in the metabolism of lipid profile including HDLc OBJECTIVE Enteral administration of synbiotics has been reported to be beneficial during various types of surgery , but its clinical value in elderly surgical patients remains unclear . The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the changes in gut microbiota and environment induced by perioperative synbiotic therapy , and to investigate whether it is possible to reduce infectious complications in elderly patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery . METHODS Forty-eight patients over the age of 70 y were r and omized into a group receiving 7 d of preoperative and 10 d of postoperative synbiotic therapy ( S group ) and a control group without synbiotic therapy ( C group ) . A fecal sample collected before and after surgery in each group was used for a quantitative evaluation of the microbiota . RESULTS Forty-eight patients completed the trial ( 25 in the S group and 23 in the C group ) . Synbiotic therapy significantly maintained the status of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus , whereas the number of Enterobacteriaceae , Staphylococcus , and Pseudomonas was significantly decreased . The total organic acid and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were increased , and the pH was markedly decreased , in the S group compared with the C group . The incidence of postoperative infectious complications was 12 % in the S group and 36 % in the C group , however , the difference did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.06 ) . A multivariate analysis revealed that only the use of perioperative blood transfusion was an independent risk factor for infectious complications . CONCLUSIONS Synbiotic therapy improved the intestinal microbial environment , and might decrease the incidence of infectious complications in elderly surgical patients Objective Atopic dermatitis ( AD ) is the most common chronic relapsing skin disease seen in infancy and childhood . The intestinal microbiota play an important role in immune development and may play a role in the development of allergic disorders . Manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by synbiotics may therefore offer an approach to the prevention or treatment of AD and allergic diseases . We studied the clinical and immunologic effects of a new symbiotic ( a mixture of seven probiotic strains of bacteria and Fructooligosaccharide ) in infants and children with AD . Methods In a r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study , 40 infants and children aged 3 months to 6 years with AD received either a synbiotic or placebo for 8 weeks . The Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis ( SCORAD ) index was recorded at baseline and also at 4 and 8 weeks of treatment . Findings There was no significant difference between the probiotic and placebo group in baseline characteristics including sex , age , family history , corticosteroid usage and prick testing . Mean age was 23 months . The synbiotic group showed a significantly greater reduction in SCORAD than did the placebo group ( P=0.001 ) . No specific effect was demonstrated of the probiotics employed on cytokine profile ( P=0.4 , P=0.6 ) . Egg white was the most common ( 45 % ) allergen followed by peanut and cow 's milk . Conclusion This study provides evidence that a mixture of seven strains of probiotics and Fructooligosaccharide can clinical ly improve the severity of  AD in young children . Further studies are needed to investigate the effects on underlying immune responses and the potential long term benefits for patients with AD Background : This research was to examine the effects of synbiotic intake on minerals , liver enzymes , and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) . Methods : This r and omized , cross-over clinical trial was performed among 62 diabetic patients . Persons were r and omly assigned to intake either a synbiotic ( n = 62 ) or a control food ( n = 62 ) for 6 weeks . A 3-week washout period was applied following which persons were crossed over to the alternate intervention arm for an additional 6 weeks . The synbiotic was consisted of Lactobacillus sporogenes ( 1 × 107 CFU ) , 0.04 g inulin ( HPX ) as prebiotic . Persons were asked to consume the synbiotic and control foods 27 g a day . Blood pressure was measured , and blood sample s were taken at baseline and after 6-week intervention to assess calcium , magnesium , iron , alkaline phosphatase , aspartate aminotransferase , alanine aminotransferase , and total bilirubin . Results : The consumption of a synbiotic food , compared to the control food , result ed in a significant rise of calcium ( 0.66 vs. −0.14 mg/dL , P = 0.03 ) and iron ( 5.06 vs. −9.98 mg/dL , P = 0.03 ) . The decrease of total bilirubin ( 0.08 vs. −0.04 mg/dL ; P = 0.009 ) was also seen in the synbiotic group compared with the control group . Conclusions : Overall , synbiotic in T2D patients had beneficial effects on calcium , iron , and total bilirubin concentrations
The effects are more pronounced when synbiotics supplements are consumed for > 8 weeks .
Synbiotic supplements may be beneficial to improve lipid profile , especially when they are consumed for > 8 weeks
Existing evidence on the possible effects of synbiotics on lipid profile is inconclusive .
The aim of the present systematic review was to clarify the effects of synbiotics consumption on lipid profile .