A Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in HIV+ Adults Home‐exercise Childhood Obesity Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Print Versus Web‐based (Move It) Platforms Effectiveness of exercise interventions on physical function in community-dwelling frail older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews Serum antimüllerian hormone in response to dietary management and/or physical exercise in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Physical activity as a treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review.
Over the years , physical activity and exercise have been used to positively impact the health and quality of life of persons infected with HIV and , more recently , has been associated with a spectrum of body composition changes . The aim of this review was to examine the effects of various exercise interventions on body composition in HIV positive adults , using a search strategy of r and omized , controlled trials ( RCTs ) . A systematic review was performed by five independent review ers using a predetermined protocol adapted from previous research for assessing the articles for inclusion , the extracted data , and method ological quality . Eight RCTs involving 430 ( 26 % female ) HIV positive adults performing exercise a minimum of thrice weekly for at least six weeks were finally selected : Four were progressive resistance training ( PRT ) studies , three were aerobic training ( AT ) studies , and one involved yoga . In the PRT studies , there were significant increases in three anthropometric measures , namely , body mass , sum of skinfolds and sum of limb girths . In the AT studies , significant decreases were found in seven anthropometric measures , namely , body mass index , waist-hip ratio , body mass , triceps skinfold , waist circumference and sum of skinfolds . With yoga , the changes were non-significant . Exercise contributes to improved body composition and , when applied safely , appears to be beneficial for adults living with HIV/AIDS . However , these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the relatively few RCTs published to date . Future studies would benefit from increased attention to sample size , female participants , participant follow-up , complete statistical analysis and intention-to-treat analysis Purpose : To compare the impact of adhering to a Mediterranean diet plus mixed physical exercise program ( Move‐It ) implemented by means of printed instructions or via a web‐platform ( with or without e‐mail support ) on body composition , physical fitness , and blood pressure . Design and Methods : R and omized clinical trial . Fifty‐two overweight or obese Spanish children and adolescents were r and omly assigned to the print‐based ( n = 18 ) , Move‐It ( n = 18 ) , or Move‐It plus support ( n = 16 ) intervention groups . Two‐way mixed ANOVA tests were used to compare any changes between the groups in terms of percentage body fat , physical fitness ( VO2peak ) , h and grip strength , and systolic and diastolic blood pressure . The measurements were taken before and after a three‐month mixed‐exercise ( aerobic and resistance ) and Mediterranean‐diet program which was either implemented by means of printed instructions or via a web‐platform ( with or without e‐mail support ) . Results : No statistical differences were found between groups . However , the results highlighted significant improvements in body fat percentage metrics over time for all three groups ( print‐based : −1.8 % , 95%CI −3.3 % to −0.3 % ; Move‐It : −1.8 % , 95%CI −3.3 % to −0.3 % ; Move‐It plus support : −2.0 % , 95%CI −3.7 % to −0.4 % , P < 0.05 ) . We also observed a tendency towards improvement in the VO2peak , h and grip strength , and blood pressure variable values 10 min after the exercise‐stress test in these three groups . Conclusions : The program improved the body composition , regardless of the way it is implemented . Practice Implication s : A mixed physical exercise program lasting for three months , combined with a Mediterranean diet , improves the body composition of children and adolescents with overweight/obesity . Highlights : Move‐It improves the body composition in three months . Move‐It improves the body composition , regardless of the way it is implemented . Move‐It shows a tendency towards improvement in physical fitness and blood pressure Objectives : This umbrella review aim ed to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions , alone or in combination with other interventions , in improving physical function in community-dwelling older people identified as pre-frail or frail . Introduction : Exercise is said to have a positive impact on muscle mass and strength which improves physical function and hence is beneficial for the treatment of frailty . Several systematic review s discuss the effects of exercise interventions on physical function parameters , such as strength , mobility , gait , balance and physical performance , and indicate that multi-component exercise , including resistance , aerobic , balance and flexibility training , appears to be the best way in which to improve physical function parameters in frail older people . However , there is still uncertainty as to which exercise characteristics ( type , frequency , intensity , duration and combinations ) are the most effective and sustainable over the long-term . Inclusion criteria : Participants were adults , 60 years or over , living in the community and identified as pre-frail or frail . Quantitative systematic review s , with or without meta- analysis that examined the effectiveness of exercise interventions of any form , duration , frequency and intensity , alone or in combination with other interventions design ed to alter physical function parameters in frail older people , were considered . The quantitative outcome measures were physical function , including muscular strength , gait , balance , mobility and physical performance . Methods : An iterative search strategy for ten bibliometric data bases and gray literature was developed . Critical appraisal of seven systematic review s was conducted independently by two review ers using a st and ard Joanna Briggs Institute tool . Data was extracted independently by two review ers using a st and ard Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction tool and summarized using a narrative synthesis approach . Results : Seven systematic review s were included in this umbrella review , with a total of 58 relevant r and omized controlled trials and 6927 participants . Five systematic review s examined the effects of exercise only , while two systematic review s reported on exercise in combination with a nutritional approach , including protein supplementations , as well as fruit and dairy products . The average  exercise frequency was 2–3 times per week ( mean 3.0 ± 1.5 times per week ; range 1–7 weekly ) for 10–90 minutes per session ( mean of 52.0 ± 16.5 mins ) and a total duration of 5–72 weeks with the majority lasting a minimum of 2.5 months ( mean 22.7 ± 17.7 weeks ) . Multi-component exercise interventions can currently be recommended for pre-frail and frail older adults to improve muscular strength , gait speed , balance and physical performance , including resistance , aerobic , balance and flexibility tasks . Resistance training alone also appeared to be beneficial , in particular for improving muscular strength , gait speed and physical performance . Other types of exercise were not sufficiently studied and their effectiveness is yet to be established . Conclusions : Interventions for pre-frail and frail older adults should include multi-component exercises , including in particular resistance training , as well as aerobic , balance and flexibility tasks . Future research should adopt a consistent definition of frailty and investigate the effects of other types of exercise alone or in combination with nutritional interventions so that more specific recommendations can be made OBJECTIVE To investigate whether r and omized diet and /or physical exercise influence serum levels of antimüllerian hormone ( AMH ) in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . DESIGN R and omized , 4-month trial with three interventions . SETTING Women 's health clinical research unit at a university hospital . PATIENT(S ) Fifty-seven overweight/obese women with PCOS . INTERVENTION(S ) Diet , physical exercise , or both , using programs individually adapted and supervised by a dietician and /or a physiotherapist . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Serum AMH levels before and after the interventions and correlations to reproductive function , body composition , and endocrine and metabolic variables . RESULT ( S ) After intervention , serum levels of AMH were significantly decreased only in the diet group , and the levels were significantly lower than in the exercise group . The strongest predictor of decreased AMH was a decrease in free T , whereas weight loss had no significant influence . Normalized levels of AMH were associated with improvements in menstrual cyclicity and hyper and rogenism but not in metabolic variables . CONCLUSION ( S ) This r and omized study supports that diet reduces serum AMH in association with decreased and rogen levels in obese women with PCOS . Increased serum AMH may be used as a marker of ovulatory dysfunction and hyper and rogenism but not as a marker of insulin resistance . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER IS RCT N48342048 AIM To review the effectiveness of exercise as a therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) and potential benefits in treating insulin resistance and atherosclerosis . METHODS Medline ( EBSCOhost ) and PubMed were search ed for English- language r and omized controlled trials and prospect i ve cohort studies in human adults aged ≥ 18 which investigated the various effects of exercise alone , a combination of exercise and diet , or exercise and diet coupled with behavioral modification on NAFLD from 2010 to Feburary 2015 . RESULTS Eighteen of 2298 available studies were chosen for critical review , which included 6925 patients . Nine ( 50 % ) studies were r and omized controlled trials . Five ( 27.8 % ) studies utilized biopsy to examine the effects of physical activity on hepatic histology . The most commonly employed imaging modality to determine change in hepatic steatosis was hydrogen-magnetic resonance spectroscopy . Only two studies examined the effects of low impact physical activity for patients with significant mobility limitations and one compared the efficacy of aerobic and resistance exercise . No studies examined the exact duration of exercise required for hepatic and metabolic improvement in NAFLD . CONCLUSION  While exercise improved hepatic steatosis and underlying metabolic abnormalities in NAFLD , more studies are needed to define the most beneficial form and duration of exercise treatment
4 ) Conclusions : The analysis of the information here reported sheds light for the design of future clinical trials in adults with MS .
The best anthropometric parameters and units of measurement to monitor the interventions are related to dietary and physical exercise interventions .
( 1 ) Objective : to establish practical guidance for the design of future clinical trials in MS ( metabolic syndrome ) patients aged 18 and older , based on a systematic review of r and omized clinical trials connecting diet , physical exercise and changes in body composition . (