Acute fructose administration improves oral glucose tolerance in adults with type 2 diabetes. Fructose prefeeding reduces the glycemic response to a high-glycemic index, starchy food in humans.
OBJECTIVE In normal adults , a small ( catalytic ) dose of fructose administered with glucose decreases the glycemic response to a glucose load , especially in those with the poorest glucose tolerance . We hypothesized that an acute catalytic dose of fructose would also improve glucose tolerance in individuals with type 2 diabetes . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Five adults with type 2 diabetes underwent an oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT ) on two separate occasions , at least 1 week apart . Each OGTT consisted of 75 g glucose with or without the addition of 7.5 g fructose ( OGTT + F or OGTT - F ) , in r and om order . Arterialized blood sample s were collected from a heated dorsal h and vein twice before ingestion of the carbohydrate and every 15 min for 3 h afterward . RESULTS The area under the curve ( AUC ) of the plasma glucose response was reduced by fructose administration in all subjects ; the mean AUC during the OGTT + F was 14 % less than that during the OGTT - F ( P < 0.05 ) . The insulin AUC was decreased 21 % with fructose administration ( P = 0.2 ) . Plasma glucagon concentrations declined similarly during OGTT - F and OGTT + F. The incremental AUC of the blood lactate response during the OGTT - F was approximately 50 % of that observed during the OGTT + F ( P < 0.05 ) . Neither nonesterified fatty acid nor triglyceride concentrations differed between the two OGTTs . CONCLUSIONS Low-dose fructose improves the glycemic response to an oral glucose load in adults with type 2 diabetes , and this effect is not a result of stimulation of insulin secretion The study objective was to determine whether a small dose of fructose administered before or simultaneously with a high glycemic index , starchy food decreases postpr and ial glycemic response .  Nondiabetic healthy adults ( n = 31 ; mean + /- SEM : age , 26 + /- 1 y ; weight , 66.1 + /- 2.6 kg ; body mass index , 23.3 + /- 0.6 kg/m(2 ) ) were studied in a r and omized crossover design . Treatments consisted of 50 g available carbohydrate from instant mashed potatoes fed alone ( control ) or with 10 g fructose fed 60 , 30 or 0 min before the potato meal . Capillary finger-stick blood sample s were analyzed for glucose concentration at -60 , -30 , 0 , 15 , 30 , 45 , 60 , 90 and 120 min relative to the ingestion of the potato meal . Compared with the control , the positive incremental area under the glucose curve was reduced 25 and 27 % ( P < 0.01 ) when fructose was fed either 60 or 30 min before the meal , respectively . In contrast to previous studies demonstrating that immediate administration of a small amount of fructose lowers the glycemic response to a glucose solution , we found that fructose must be consumed before a starchy food to reduce postpr and ial glycemia
Fructose consumption did not significantly affect fasting glucose or insulin .
A priori subgroup analyses showed no evidence of effect modification on any end point .
Isocaloric exchange of fructose for other carbohydrate improves long-term glycemic control , as assessed by glycated blood proteins , without affecting insulin in people with diabetes .
OBJECTIVE The effect of fructose on cardiometabolic risk in humans is controversial .
We conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis of controlled feeding trials to clarify the effect of fructose on glycemic control in individuals with diabetes .