Effect of 2% chlorhexidine on microtensile bond strength of composite to dentin. Effect of green tea extract on bonding durability of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system to caries-affected dentin Influence of endodontic irrigants on bond strength of a self-etching adhesive. Effect of Erbium Laser on Microtensile Bond Strength of Fissure Sealant in Primary Teeth: An in vitro Study In Vivo and In Vitro Effects of Chlorhexidine Pretreatment on Immediate and Aged Dentin Bond Strengths. Microtensile bond strength of a total-etching versus self-etching adhesive to caries-affected and intact dentin in primary teeth. Influence of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA on the microtensile bond strength of a self-etching adhesive system Tensile bond strength to and SEM evaluation of ground and intact enamel surfaces.
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of 2 % chlorhexidine on the microtensile bond strength of composite resin to dentin treated with three dentin bonding systems . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Flat dentinal surfaces were prepared in 24 extracted human third molars . Teeth were r and omly divided into 8 distinct experimental groups according to the adhesive applied ( Prime & Bond NT , Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond ) , the application ( yes/no ) of chlorhexidine , and the time point at which it was applied ( before or after acid etching the dentin ) . Composite resin blocks were built up over treated surfaces , and teeth were then stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Sample s were thermocycled , stored under the same conditions , and then vertically sectioned , thus obtaining specimens with 1.0 + /- 0.1 mm2 cross-sectional area . Specimens were stressed in tension at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed . Bond strength results were evaluated using a one-way ANOVA ( p < 0.05 ) . The modes of failures were verified using optical microscopy . Dentin disks were obtained from 3 additional teeth treated in the same manner for observation under SEM . The most representative sample s of fractured specimens were also observed under SEM . RESULTS No statistically significant differences of bond strength values were found between any groups . Failures occurred mainly within the bond ; exclusively adhesive fractures ( adhesive-dentin ) were not observed . CONCLUSION The 2 % chlorhexidine solution , applied before or after acid etching of the dentin , did not interfere with the microtensile bond strength of composite resin to the dentin treated with Prime & Bond NT , Single Bond , or Clearfil SE Bond bonding systems ABSTRACT Objective Green tea extract has been advocated as a matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) inhibitor ; however , its effect on bond durability to caries-affected dentin has never been reported . Thus , the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of two MMP inhibitors ( 2 % chlorhexidine and 2 % green tea extract ) , applied after acid etching , on bond durability of an etch- and -rinse adhesive system to caries-affected dentin . Material and Methods Occlusal enamel was removed from third molars to expose the dentin surface , and the molars were su bmi tted to a caries induction protocol for 15 days . After removal of infected dentin , specimens were conditioned with 37 % phosphoric acid ( 15 seconds ) and r and omly divided into three groups , according to the type of dentin pretreatment ( n=10 ) : NT : no treatment ; GT : 2 % green tea extract ; CLX : 2 % chlorhexidine . The etch- and -rinse adhesive system ( Adper ™ Single Bond 2 , 3 M ESPE , St. Paul , MN , USA ) was applied according to the manufacturer 's instructions , and composite resin restorations were built on the dentin . After 24 hours , at 37 ° C , the resin-tooth blocks were sectioned perpendicularly to the adhesive interface in the form of sticks ( 0.8 mm2 of adhesive area ) and r and omly subdivided into two groups according to when they were to be su bmi tted to microtensile bond strength ( μTBS ) testing : immediately or 6 months after storage in distilled water . Data were reported in MPa and su bmi tted to two-way ANOVA for completely r and omized blocks , followed by Tukey ’s test ( α=0.05 ) . Results After 24 hours , there was no significant difference in the μTBS of the groups . After 6 months , the GT group had significantly higher μTBS values . Conclusion It was concluded that the application of 2 % green tea extract was able to increase bond durability of the etch- and -rinse system to dentin . Neither the application of chlorhexidine nor non-treatment ( NT - control ) had any effect on bond strength after water storage The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of a self-etching adhesive system to dentine irrigated with sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) , chlorhexidine solution ( CX ) and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid ( EDTA ) by microtensile testing . Sixty human third molars were sectioned 3 mm below the occlusal level and then r and omly divided into six groups : G1(control ) , without irrigant solution ; G2 , 1 % NaOCl ; G3 , 1 % NaOCl followed by the application of 17 % EDTA ; G4 , 2 % CX ; G5 , 2 % CX followed by the application of 17 % EDTA and G6 , 17 % EDTA . The specimens received the self-etching adhesive system were restored with composite resin , then sectioned and trimmed to obtain four hourglass-shaped slabs from each tooth . The specimens were su bmi tted to the microtensile test in a Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm min(-1 ) until fracture . The results were su bmi tted to statistical analysis by anova /Newman-Keuls . The means and st and ard deviations ( MPa ) were : G1 , 26.88 ( ±3.81 ) ; G2 , 19.08 ( ±3.89 ) ; G3 , 18.16 ( ±2.21 ) ; G4 , 18.14 ( ±4.32 ) ; G5 , 34.30 ( ±3.32 ) ; G6 , 13.61 ( ±1.21 ) . It was concluded that the application of 2 % CX followed by the application of 17 % EDTA result ed in increasing the bond strength of the self-etching adhesive system to dentine , when compared with the results obtained for the other tested groups Background : Laser etching has several advantages as compared with conventional acid etching . However , results of earlier studies on conditioning surfaces with erbium , chromium : yttrium – sc and ium – gallium – garnet ( Er , Cr : YSGG ) before application of the fissure sealant have been inconclusive . Aim : The study aim ed to evaluate the microtensile strength of resin-based fissure sealant bonded to primary enamel conditioned by Er , Cr : YSGG laser with varying power outputs . Material s and Methods : Fifty sound primary first molars were r and omized into the following five groups based on pretreatment choice : Group 1 : 3.5 W laser etching + acid etching ; Group 2 : 2.5 W laser etching + acid etching ; Group 3 : 3.5 W laser etching with no acid ; Group 4 : 2.5 W laser etching with no acid and Group 5 : acid etching with no laser . Acid etch was performed with 35 % orthophosphoric acid for 30 s. Laser etching was performed with Er , Cr : YSGG ( 2780 nm ) laser using G6 tips and 600 μm diameter , 2.5 W or 3.5 W power outputs , pulse duration of 140 μs and a repetition rate of 20 Hz . Sealant was applied on the buccal surface followed by an incremental buildup with composite resin . Microtensile bond strength was assessed and compared among the five groups using one- and two-way ANOVA . Results : There was no statistical difference in the mean bond strength between groups except in Group 4 ( 9.66 MPa ) ( Group 1 : 15.57 MPa ; Group 2 : 14.18 MPa ; Group 3 : 14.78 MPa ; Group 5 : 14.63 MPa ) . Conclusion : Pretreatment with 3.5 W Er , Cr : YSGG laser alone results in microtensile bond strengths similar to that produced by acid etching , indicating that enamel etching using 3.5 W Er , Cr : YSGG laser would result in the long-term success of pit and fissure sealants in primary teeth This study evaluated the effect of 2 % chlorhexidine ( CHX ) pretreatment of dentin on the immediate and aged microtensile bond strength ( μTBS ) of different adhesives to dentin in vivo and in vitro . Class I cavities were prepared in 80 caries-free human third molars of 40 patients in a split-mouth fashion . In each tooth pair , one tooth received 2 % CHX pretreatment after which both teeth were r and omly assigned to one of the following groups with respect to the type of adhesive system applied : Adper Single Bond 2 ( etch- and -rinse ) , Clearfil SE Bond ( two-step self-etch ) , Clearfil S(3 ) Bond ( one-step self-etch ) , and Adper Prompt-L-Pop ( all-in-one self-etch ) . The teeth were restored with resin composite and extracted for μTBS testing either immediately or after six months in function . In vitro specimen pairs were prepared as with the clinical protocol in intact , freshly extracted human molars , and thereafter , subjected to testing immediately or after 5000 × thermocycling . Data were analyzed with four-way analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) . Bonferroni test was utilized for pair-wise comparisons . The immediate bond strength values were significantly higher than " aged " ones for all tested adhesives ( p=0.00 ) . The in vitro immediate bond strength values were statistically higher than in vivo bond strength values ( p<0.05 ) . While the bond strength of in vitro aged , CHX-treated sample s were higher than their in vivo counterparts ( p<0.05 ) , no difference was observed in non-CHX treated groups ( p>0.05 ) . In the absence of CHX pretreatment , all adhesives showed significantly higher immediate bond strength values than CHX-treated groups , while all " aged " , non-pretreated adhesives exhibited significantly lower bond strength values ( both p<0.05 ) . By contrast , chlorhexidine pretreatment result ed in significantly higher aged bond strengths , regardless of the adhesive system and testing condition . Aging-associated decline in dentin bond strength of etch- and rinse and self-etch adhesives can be counteracted by chlorhexidine application BACKGROUND The objec tives of this study were to determine microtensile bond strengths of two dentin adhesives and to compare the micromorphological structure of the resin/dentin interface in caries-affected dentin with that of intact dentin . METHODS The authors r and omly divided 40 proximal dentinal carious primary teeth and 40 noncarious anterior primary teeth into two groups ( self-etching and total-etching ) . They used a caries-detecting dye as an indicator of the need to remove the outer carious dentin . The authors restored the teeth with a hybrid resin-based composite . After 24 hours ' storage in 37 C water , specimens were sectioned and shaped to form a curved section with a cross-sectional area of 1 square millimeter , then tension was applied until they fractured . The authors prepared the resin/dentin interfaces for the two bonding systems and examined them in 10 occlusal carious and 10 noncarious teeth . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The bond strengths for intact and caries-affected dentin within the same group were analyzed via a t test . The authors compared the remaining dentin thickness ( RDT ) and dentin hardness using analysis of variance and the least significant difference test at the .05 level of significance . RESULTS The self-etching adhesive demonstrated no statistical difference in bond strength between intact and caries-affected dentin . However , the total-etching adhesive demonstrated different bond strengths for intact and caries-affected dentin . Moreover , the RDT of specimens with intact and caries-affected dentin was not significantly different , whereas the dentin hardness of caries-affected dentin was significantly lower than that of intact dentin . The authors found a thicker hybrid layer in intact and caries-affected dentin of specimens in the total-etching group . CONCLUSION The adhesives exhibited significantly different bond strengths in intact dentin of primary teeth . However , they exhibited similar bond strengths in caries-affected dentin Chemical substances used during biomechanical preparation of root canals can alter the composition of dentin surface and affect the interaction with restorative material s. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength ( µTBS ) of a self-etching adhesive system to dentin irrigated with sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( eDTA ) . Material and Methods Thirty human third molars were sectioned 3 mm below the occlusal surface , polished with 600- to 1200-grit silicon carbide papers , and r and omly divided into 3 groups : G1 ( control ) : no irrigating solution ; G2 : 1 % NaOCl ; and G3 : 1 % NaOCl followed by the application of 17 % eDTA . The specimens received the self-etching adhesive system ( XeNO III - Dentsply ) , restored with microhybrid composite resin ( Z250 - 3 M ESPE ) , sectioned and trimmed to create 4 hourglass-shaped slabs of each tooth . The slabs were tested in microtensile strength in a universal testing machine ( emic DL 2000 ) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture . The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test . Results Mean µTBS values and st and ard deviations in MPa were : G1 = 11.89 ± 4.22 ; G2 = 19.41 ± 5.32 ; G3 = 11.34 ± 4.73 . 1 % NaOCl  increased the adhesive resistance significantly ( p<0.001/ F=22.5763 ) . The application of 1 % NaOCl/17 % eDTA result ed in statistically similar µTBS to the control group . Conclusions None of the irrigants affected negatively the µTBS of XeNO III to dentin . The use of 1 % NaOCl alone result ed in higher bond strength than the other treatments . The combination of 1 % NaOCl and 17 % eDTA produced similar bond strength to that of untreated dentin OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the bonding of four commercially available adhesive systems to ground and intact enamel surfaces . METHODS Extracted human teeth were used to measure the microtensile bond strength to enamel and a field-emission scanning electron microscopy ( FE-SEM ) was used to observe the bonded interface and the effect of the surface conditioning of each material . Intact buccal enamel surfaces were cleansed with tooth paste using a rotary dental brush , and the ground enamel surfaces were prepared by reducing approximately 0.5 mm from the buccal enamel surfaces using a high-speed diamond bur . One-Step ( OS , Bisco ) , Single Bond ( SB , 3 M ) , Clearfil Liner Bond II ( LBII , Kuraray ) , and Tokuso Mac Bond II ( MBII , Tokuso ) were evaluated for their ability to bond to enamel . RESULTS There was no significant difference in bond strengths between the material s when they were applied to ground enamel surfaces ( p > 0.05 ) . However , the bond strengths of the self-etching systems , LBII and MBII , had significantly lower bond strengths to intact enamel than the bonding systems OS and SB using phosphoric acid etching ( p < 0.05 ) . FE-SEM revealed that the etching pattern of self-etching primers was not deep enough to obtain good penetration of bonding resin when applied to intact enamel surfaces . CONCLUSIONS Phosphoric acid etching produced good resin adhesion to ground and intact enamel . The self-etching/self-priming systems also produced good adhesion to ground enamel , but had lower bond strengths to intact enamel
Conclusions : The application of a 2 % chlorhexidine solution after acid etching increased the microtensile bond strength significantly for follow-up times of 6 months or more .
The adhesive type had no influence
Background and Objectives : The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effect of 2 % chlorhexidine following acid etching on the microtensile bond strength of resin restorations for different follow-up times .