Caries risk after interproximal enamel reduction. Enamel surfaces following interproximal reduction with different methods. Evaluating the effects of fluoride-releasing dental materials on adjacent interproximal caries. Periodontal tissue alterations following Emdogain treatment of periodontal sites with angular bone defects. A series of case reports. The modified papilla preservation technique. A new surgical approach for interproximal regenerative procedures. Effect of a hydrophobic tooth coating on gingival health, mutans streptococci, and enamel demineralization in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances
INTRODUCTION Air-rotor stripping ( ARS ) is a commonly used method to alleviate crowding in the permanent dentition . Its widespread acceptance , however , has been limited by the potential increase in caries risk of the abraded enamel surface . The aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility of ARS-treated enamel surfaces with intact surfaces in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy . METHODS Forty patients treated with ARS were examined clinical ly and radiographically for caries 1 to 6 years after interproximal enamel reduction . All patients were seen by their dentists for prophylaxis at 6-month intervals during active orthodontic treatment and were exposed to fluori date d water and toothpaste . Topical fluoride agents or sealants were not applied on the abraded surface after any ARS session . Caries incidence was compared between ARS-treated and unaltered surfaces within subjects . The decayed , missing , filled tooth ( DMFT ) and surface ( DMFS ) scores were used to evaluate the subjects ' overall caries risk . RESULTS Totals of 376 test and 376 control surfaces were examined . The number of interproximal lesions detected was found to be low with no statistically significant difference detected between the groups ( test = 3 ; control = 6 ; P = .33 ] . The DMFT and DMFS scores increased significantly during the study period , indicating that these patients were clearly at risk of tooth decay ( P < .001 ) . CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the risk of caries is not affected by ARS . Furthermore , our data show that the application of topical fluoride on the enamel surfaces immediately after ARS in patients exposed to fluori date d water and fluoride-containing toothpaste may not provide any additional benefit OBJECTIVE To assess the surface roughness result ing after application of currently available interproximal polishing . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The analysis was carried out by means of digital subtraction radiography , profilometry , and scanning electron microscopy . The roughness of natural untreated enamel served as the reference . Five enamel reduction methods were tested ( Profin , New Metal Strips , O-Drive D30 , Air Rotor , and the Ortho-Strips ) and were applied in accordance with their manufacturers ' recommendations . Fifty-five teeth were treated by r and omly chosen methods , all of which were applied by one person . One proximal surface was only ground and left unpolished while the other received the finishing and polish recommended by the manufacturer . RESULTS Loss of tooth substance , as measured by subtraction radiography , was significantly lower ( P < .05 ) for the group treated with Ortho-Strips .  Profilometric analysis of enamel roughness showed that the use of Ortho-Strips , O-Drive D30 , and New Metal Strips in the grinding mode produced equally rough surfaces ( P > .05 ) . The Air Rotor and Profin system in the grinding mode produced the significantly ( P < .05 ) roughest surfaces . A significant ( P < .05 ) reduction of the mean roughness values was registered in all groups when treatment was followed by polishing . The Profin system and Ortho-Strips achieved the significantly smoothest surfaces ( P < .05 ) with polishing . CONCLUSIONS In general , interproximal enamel reduction should be followed by thorough polishing . Furthermore , oscillating systems seem to be advantageous BACKGROUND The authors examined several restorative material s to evaluate their ability to inhibit demineralization and enhance remineralization of incipient carious lesions on the interproximal enamel of teeth adjacent to those restored with the material s. METHODS Twenty-one subjects in need of a crown on a m and ibular molar and a Class II inlay on an adjacent tooth took part in this six-phase study . Artificial enamel lesions were created and positioned within the interproximal portion of a crown . Lesions were photographed with polarized light microscopy and characterized before and after 30-day intraoral exposures . Each phase included the placement of a new section in the crown model and a new Class II inlay restorative material in the adjacent tooth . RESULTS Results demonstrated that nonfluori date d resin composite , fluori date d resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer restorative material s , when placed in subjects who brushed with a fluori date d dentifrice , demonstrated significantly ( P < .05 ) less enamel demineralization than the nonfluori date d resin composite control placed in subjects who brushed with a nonfluori date d dentifrice . The resin-modified glass ionomer cement , however , even when brushed with a nonfluori date d dentifrice , exhibited significantly ( P < .05 ) less demineralization than the nonfluori date d resin composite control brushed with a nonfluori date d dentifrice . CONCLUSIONS Resin-modified glass ionomer cement appears to significantly inhibit demineralization of interproximal enamel of teeth adjacent to those restored with the material . CLINICAL IMPLICATION S Resin-modified glass ionomer cement restorations can enhance prevention of enamel demineralization on adjacent teeth UNLABELLED The aim of the present study was to assess the predictability of probing attachment gain and probing pocket depth reduction following Emdogain treatment at sites with deep angular bone defects . MATERIAL AND METHODS 108 consecutively-treated periodontal patients ( mean age 55.8 years ) were included . Each subject exhibited at least 1 deep interproximal intrabony defect that could be identified as an experimental site based on the inclusion criteria : ( i ) probing pocket depth > or = 5 mm , ( ii ) probing attachment loss > or = 6 mm , ( iii ) radiographic evidence of an interproximal bone defect with a > or = 3 mm intrabony component . A total of 145 defects met the criteria for inclusion . All subjects received non-surgical periodontal therapy .  This included subgingival instrumentation in all parts of the dentition . At least 6 months after the completion of this treatment , a baseline examination was performed to characterise the experimental site . Reconstructive therapy was subsequently performed . Full-thickness periodontal flaps were elevated , and the root surface scaled and planed . No bone recontouring was performed . A gel containing 24 % EDTA was applied on the exposed root and was kept in place for 2 min . A preparation of enamel matrix proteins was applied to the root surface and adjacent defect space . The flaps were replaced and closed with sutures . The experimental sites were re-examined 12 months after reconstructive surgery . RESULTS The re-examination demonstrated that a treatment including the application of enamel matrix proteins at periodontal sites with angular defects result ed in a mean probing attachment level gain of 4.6 mm and a probing pocket depth reduction of 5.2 mm . 87 % of all sites treated exhibited a probing attachment gain of > 2 mm . One site suffered probing attachment loss . The radiographic assessment s revealed that the bone defect had been reduced in depth by 2.9 mm on average . The reduction in defect size corresponded to an average bone fill of 69 % of the original defect . In 43 % of the defects , the bone fill amounted to > or = 80 % . CONCLUSION The overall probing pocket depth reduction , probing attachment level gain , and soft tissue recession , that results following Emdogain therapy , is similar to the corresponding outcome variables following GTR A modification of the papilla preservation technique has been applied to achieve primary closure of the interproximal tissue over barrier membranes placed coronal to the alveolar crest . Fifteen patients with deep intrabony interproximal defects were treated . Defects had a  probing attachment level loss of 9.9 + /- 3.2 mm and a recession of the gingival margin of 1.7 + /- 1.6 mm . The depth of the intrabony component was 5.5 + /- 2.9 mm ; while the suprabony component was 5.9 + /- 2.0 mm . Titanium-reinforced teflon membranes were placed 1.3 + /- 0.7 mm from the cemento-enamel junction , 4.5 + /- 1.6 mm coronal to the interproximal alveolar bone crest . Primary closure over the interproximal portion of the membrane was obtained in 93 % of cases . In 73 % of the cases complete coverage of the membrane was maintained until its removal at 6 weeks . These data indicate that the modified papilla preservation technique can be successfully applied to obtain primary closure of the interdental space in regenerative procedures with barrier membranes The effect of an anti-adhesive enamel coating on plaque accumulation , gingival health , and enamel demineralization was evaluated in 39 adolescents undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances using a prospect i ve split-mouth design . Immediately after bracket insertion , the polymer was r and omly applied after enamel etching to the buccal surfaces of the teeth in the left or right upper quadrant , leaving the opposite quadrant as an untreated control ( 218 test and 216 control teeth ) . Reapplications were carried out every 3rd month during the course of the study . The following data were collected at baseline and at design ated follow-ups : visible plaque index , total viable counts and proportion of mutans streptococci in plaque sample s , gingival bleeding index , and amount of gingival crevicular fluid . The incidence of enamel demineralization adjacent to the appliances was scored clinical ly at the termination of the orthodontic treatment . The observation time ranged from 6 - 24 months , during which the participants used fluoride rinses and toothpaste daily . A slightly impaired gingival health and increased levels of mutans streptococci compared with baseline was disclosed during the treatment . Five subjects showed enamel demineralization on a total of 30 teeth at the time of de-bonding . The results indicated no statistically significant differences between the enamel-coated and untreated teeth with regard to the studied variables at any follow-up . In conclusion , the present findings did not support a clinical ly beneficial effect of the polymeric tooth coating in a low-caries group of adolescents treated with fixed orthodontic appliances
Complications of interproximal enamel reduction are hypersensitivity , irreversible damage of dental pulp , increased formation of plaque , the risk of caries in the stripped enamel areas and periodontal diseases .
CONCLUSION Interproximal enamel reduction is an important part of orthodontic treatment for gaining space in the dental arch , and for the correction of the Bolton index discrepancy
OBJECTIVE Interproximal enamel reduction is a part of orthodontic treatment for gaining a modest amount of space in the treatment of crowding .
Today interproximal enamel reduction has become a viable alternative to the extraction of permanent teeth , and helps to adjust the Bolton Index discrepancy .
The aim of the study is to evaluate various interproximal enamel reduction techniques , its indications , contraindications and complications presented in recent scientific studies .