Prospective analysis of factors associated with dental behavior management problems, in children aged 7-11 years The Emergence of Attention Deficits in Early Childhood: A Prospective Study
Aim : To determine the prevalence of  child behavior management problems ( BMP )  and to analyze the influence and predictive power of nondental and dental background variables on BMP . Study Design : Prospect i ve analytical study . Material s and Methods : The study group included 165 children aged 7 - 11 years who received comprehensive dental treatment , after obtaining written informed consent . Parents/guardians were interviewed using st and ardized question naire to obtain background information . Each child′s treatment was carried out and was recorded with a fixed digital video ( DV ) recorder . The treatments were classified into three levels of invasiveness : Noninvasive ( NI ) , moderately invasive ( MI ) , and highly invasive ( HI ) . The entire DV record of each treatment was observed , and child′s dental behavior was rated independently by two precalibrated examiners using modified Venham′s behavior rating scale . Then , the background factors obtained through the question naire data were analyzed for its association with child′s dental behavior . Results : Statistical tests used were Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship of multiple variables with dental behavior . Comparison of child′s behavior during different visits was done by Wilcoxan matched pairs test . The prevalence of BMP in children aged 7 - 11 years in the study sample was 0 % , 4.2 % , and 15.76 % for NI , MI , and HI procedures , respectively . Three variables were significant predictors of behavior ; order of birth that is , first born , history of hospitalization , and unpleasant past dental experience ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusions : Direct conditioning pathway is the major factor in determining child′s behavior . Dental experiences , duration of treatment , and complexity of treatment have greater impact on how the child behaves in a dental setup To study the emergence of attention deficits in early childhood , the diagnostic team of an early education program documented the occurrence of poor concentration , distractibility , behavioral disorganization , poor self-monitoring , and overactivity in a group of 174 children followed prospect ively from birth to school entry .  Persistent attentional problems were identified in 5 % of the children ; 8 % had problems which abated before kindergarten . Over the period from birth to kindergarten , 40 % of the preschool youngsters were found to have some attentional indicator , but many of the findings were minor or transient . This study points to ( 1 ) the clustering of persistent attentional concerns with other developmental and environmental concerns , ( 2 ) the substantial long-term consequences of early attentional problems and ( 3 ) the feasibility of early detection of some children with attentional disorders
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of treatment duration on  children ’s behavior and /or anxiety in the dental setting .