Effect of calcium supplementation on serum cholesterol and blood pressure. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Supplementation with calcium + vitamin D enhances the beneficial effect of weight loss on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Effects of calcium supplementation on serum lipid concentrations in normal older women: a randomized controlled trial. The effects of calcitriol on improvement of insulin resistance, ovulation and comparison with metformin therapy in PCOS patients: a randomized placebo- controlled clinical trial The effects of calcium-vitamin D and metformin on polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study. The effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on menstrual cycle, body mass index and hyperandrogenism state of women with poly cystic ovarian syndrome Therapeutic implications of vitamin D and calcium in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome Therapeutic effects of calcium & vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS.
OBJECTIVE To test the effect of daily supplemental calcium on  serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) levels and blood pressure in adults . DESIGN R and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial ; adjunct study to a trial of calcium and colon cell proliferation in patients with sporadic adenoma . SETTING Outpatient clinic . PATIENTS A total of 193 men and women , aged 30 to 74 years . INTERVENTION Treatment with 1.0 and 2.0 g/d of elemental calcium vs placebo over a 4-month period for cholesterol determinations and 6 months for blood pressure . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum total cholesterol and HDL-C levels , systolic and diastolic blood pressure . RESULTS Because there were no apparent differences in responses between the 1.0-g and 2.0-g calcium groups , their data were combined and compared with those of the placebo group . Among all participants , the mean total cholesterol level dropped 0.07 mmol/L ( 2.9 mg/dL ) ( 1.3 % ) ( P = .43 ) more , and the mean HDL-C level dropped 0.01 mmol/L ( 0.4 mg/dL ) ( 1.1 % ) ( P = .71 ) less in the calcium group than in the placebo group . Among participants without a history of hypercholesterolemia , the mean total cholesterol level dropped 0.18 mmol/L ( 6.8 mg/dL ) ( 3.3 % ) ( P = .10 ) and the HDL-C level dropped 0.02 mmol/L ( 0.6 mg/dL ) ( 1.5 % ) ( P = .61 ) more in the calcium group than in the placebo group . Among all participants , there was no apparent change in blood pressure until 6 months , when the mean systolic blood pressure dropped 0.8 mm Hg ( 0.6 % ) ( P = .85 ) and the mean diastolic blood pressure dropped 0.4 mm Hg ( 0.5 % ) ( P = .80 ) more in the calcium group than in the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS There were no substantial or statistically significant effects of calcium supplementation on total cholesterol or HDL-C levels or on blood pressure . There was a suggestion ( not statistically significant ) of a 0.07 to 0.18 mmol/L ( 3 - 7 mg/dL ) or 2 % to 4 % drop in the total cholesterol level , a finding similar to that reported in other studies , which indicates the need for further study BACKGROUND Adequate calcium intake can have a favorable effect on some metabolic variables . OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the effects of daily calcium intake and of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D ( calcium+D ) during a weight-loss intervention on blood pressures , plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations , and glucose and insulin concentrations in low calcium consumers . DESIGN Healthy , overweight or obese women ( n = 63 ) with a daily calcium intake of < 800 mg/d were r and omly assigned in a double-blind manner to 1 of 2 groups : the group consuming 2 tablets/d of a calcium + vitamin D supplement ( 600 mg elemental calcium and 200 IU vitamin D/tablet ) or the group consuming placebo ; both groups observed a 700 kcal/d energy restriction . These 63 women then completed a 15-wk weight-loss intervention . RESULTS Initial daily calcium intake was significantly correlated with plasma HDL cholesterol ( r = 0.41 , P < 0.001 ) and with 2-h postload glycemia ( r = -0.29 , P < 0.05 ) during an oral-glucose-tolerance test , independent of fat mass and waist circumference . After the 15-wk intervention , significantly greater decreases in total : LDL and LDL : HDL ( P < 0.01 for both ) and of LDL cholesterol ( P < 0.05 ) were observed in the calcium+D group than in the placebo group . The differences in total : HDL and LDL : HDL were independent of changes in fat mass and in waist circumference . A tendency for more beneficial changes in HDL cholesterol , triacylglycerol , and total cholesterol was also observed in the calcium+D group ( P = 0.08 ) . CONCLUSION Consumption of calcium+D during a weight-loss intervention enhanced the beneficial effect of body weight loss on the lipid and lipoprotein profile in overweight or obese women with usual low daily calcium intake PURPOSE To determine the effect of supplementation with calcium citrate on circulating lipid concentrations in normal older women . SUBJECTS AND METHODS As part of a study of the effects of calcium supplementation on fractures , we r and omly assigned 223 postmenopausal women ( mean [ + /- SD ] age , 72 + /- 4 years ) , who were not receiving therapy for hyperlipidemia or osteoporosis , to receive calcium ( 1 g/d , n = 111 ) or placebo ( n = 112 ) for 1 year . Fasting serum lipid concentrations , including high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol , were obtained at baseline , and at 2 , 6 , and 12 months . RESULTS After 12 months , HDL cholesterol levels and the HDL cholesterol to LDL cholesterol ratio had increased more in the calcium group than in the placebo group ( mean between-group differences in change from baseline : for HDL cholesterol , 0.09 mmol/L ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 0.02 to 0.17 ; P = 0.01 ) ; for HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio , 0.05 ( 95 % CI : 0.02 to 0.08 ; P = 0.001 ) . This was largely due to a 7 % increase in HDL cholesterol levels in the calcium group , with a nonsignificant 6 % decline in LDL cholesterol levels . There was no significant treatment effect on triglyceride level ( P = 0.48 ) . CONCLUSION Calcium citrate supplementation causes beneficial changes in circulating lipids in postmenopausal women . This suggests that a re appraisal of the indications for calcium supplementation is necessary , and that its cost effectiveness may have been underestimated Background : Polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is the most common endocrine disorder in females of reproductive age . Insulin resistance is a frequent metabolic disturbance in PCOS . Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem . Accumulating evidence suggests that vitamin D has a role on insulin sensitivity so may contribute to reduction of hyper and rogenemia . Objective : The aim was to determine the effects of vitamin D treatment in metabolic components and ovulation evidence in PCOS . Material s and Methods : Fifty one untreated PCOS patients were r and omly divided into three groups and treated with calcitriol , metformin , or placebo . Before and 3 months after treatment , ovulation evidence was assessed by ovarian trans abdominal sonography . Plasma fasting glucose , insulin , homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) , 25-hydroxyvitamin D , parathyroid hormone and and rogen levels were measured before and after treatment . A 75gr glucose test was performed before and after treatment and two set of results was compared . Results : Three patients did not continue this study . Only 11 patient ( 22.9 % ) had sufficient vitamin D levels ( > 30 ng/ml ) . Metformin caused a significant decrease in weight ( p=0.027 ) , insulin level ( p=0.043 ) , and insulin resistance ( p=0.048 ) . Systolic blood pressure and PTH significantly improved after calcitriol ( p=0.029 , p=0.009 respectively ) . An improvement in ovulation was detected after calcitriol and seven patients , without evidence of ovulation before treatment , illustrated ovulation after 3 months . Difference with calcitriol in ovulation was significant versus other two methods ( p=0.02 ) . Conclusion : Calcitriol treatment in PCOS may be prior to metformin in ovulation induction OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of calcium-vitamin D and metformin on the menstrual cycle and ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In this pilot study , 60 infertile PCOS patients were enrolled in a r and omized clinical trial and divided into three equal groups . Group 1 received 1,000 mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D per day , orally . Group 2 received the same as Group 1 , plus 1,500 mg/day of metformin . Group 3 received 1,500 mg/day of metformin . The patients were treated for 3 months and followed up for a further 3 months . Regularity of menses , number of large follicles ( > or = 14 mm ) and pregnancy rates were compared among the three groups . RESULTS Generalized estimating equation tests showed that the number of dominant follicles ( > or = 14 mm ) during the 2 - 3 months of follow-up was higher in the calcium-vitamin D plus metformin group than in either of the other two groups ( p = 0.03 ) . CONCLUSION The effects of metformin and calcium-vitamin D in regulating the menstrual cycle suggest that they could also be effective for the treatment of anovulation and oligomenorrhea , with possible consequences for pregnancy rates in PCOS patients Background : Poly cystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is considered one of the most common endocrine disorders of women in reproductive age . The aim of this study was evaluating the efficacy of calcium and Vitamin D supplementation on the regularity of menstrual cycles , body mass index ( BMI ) and hyper and rogenism state of women with PCOS . Material s and Methods : In this clinical trial , 80 women with PCOS were evaluated . They r and omly located in four groups receiving metformin ( group 1 ) , metformin plus calcium and Vitamin D ( group 2 ) , calcium and Vitamin D ( group 3 ) and placebo ( group 4 ) for 4 months . BMI , regularity of menstrual cycles , hyper and rogenism ( hirsutism and acne ) and serum calcium and Vitamin D levels were compared in four study ing groups at baseline and 4 months after the trial . Results : All studied subjects were similar at baseline ( P > 0.05 ) . After trial , the frequency of hirsutism and acne were not different among groups . Frequency regular menstrual cycle and dominant follicle were significantly higher in group 1 and 2 than others ( P < 0.05 ) . After trial , there was no significant difference with respect to BMI among groups . Conclusion : Vitamin D and calcium supplementation in addition to metformin therapy in women with PCOS could result in a better outcome in a variety of PCOS symptoms including menstrual regularity , and ovulation Objective : To assess effects of vitamin D and Calcium ( Ca ) on hormonal and metabolic milieu of polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . Design : Single arm open label trial . Methods : Twelve overweight and vitamin D deficient women with PCOS underwent a 2 hour oral glucose tolerance testing at baseline and following 3-month supplementation with vitamin D ( daily dose of 3533 IU , increased to 8533 IU after the first five participants ) and 530 mg elemental Ca daily . Main outcome measures : Blood pressure ( BP ) , plasma glucose , insulin , total testosterone ( T ) and rostenedione ( A ) , sex hormone binding globulin , lifestyle parameters were assessed at baseline and following 3-month intervention . Insulin resistance ( IR ) and area under the curve for glucose and insulin were computed ; paired analyses were conducted . Results : Improved serum 25OHD ( p < 0.001 ) and reductions in total T ( p = 0.036 ) and A ( p = 0.090 ) levels were noted following 3-month supplementation , compared to baseline . Significant lowering in BP parameters was seen in participants with baseline BP ≥ 120/80 mmHg ( n = 8) and in those with baseline serum 25OHD ≤20 ng/ml ( n = 9 ) . Parameters of glucose homeostasis and IR remained unchanged ( p > 0.05 ) . Conclusions : And rogen and BP profiles improved followed three month intervention , suggesting therapeutic implication s of vitamin D and Ca in overweight and vitamin D deficient women with PCOS OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of calcium & vitamin D supplementation in infertile women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) , and to assess levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in these patients . METHODS In a case control study , 100 infertile PCOS women based on a r and omly divided into two groups . Group I ( n = 50 ) were treated with metformin 1500 mg/day , and group II ( n = 50 ) treated with metformin 1500 mg/day plus Calcium 1000 mg/day and Vitamin D 100000 IU/month for 6 months . Patients were followed by transvaginal sonography at first , 3 and 6 months later for evaluating dominant follicle . BMI , menstrual regularity , follicle diameter , pregnancy , serum 25-OH-vitamin D level were matured and compared in two groups . RESULTS BMI decreased almost significantly ( 25.49 ± 1.88 vs 26.28 ± 2.15 , p : 0.054 ) in group II . A better improvement was gained in regulating menstrual abnormalities ( 70 % vs 58 % , p : 0.211 ) , follicle maturation ( 28 % vs 22 % , p : 0.698 ) , and infertility ( 18 % vs 12 % , p : 0.401 ) in group II compared with group I , but these results were not statistically significant . Eighty three percent of all the PCOS patients  showed vitamin D deficiency while 35 % were severely deficient . The serum 25-OH-vitamin D mean levels were 13.38 ± 6.48 ng/ml . Vitamin D deficiency was recompensed in 74 % of the PCOS patients who had taken calcium & vitamin D supplementation . There was no correlation between BMI and 25-OH-VD before and after the treatment ( p ≥ 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION This study showed the positive effects of calcium & vitamin D supplementation  on weight loss , follicle maturation , menstrual regularity , and improvement of hyper and rogenism , in infertile women with PCOS
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is the most popular endocrine disorder in reproductive age with unknown etiology and many comorbidities .
D ) supplementation on metabolic factors , menstrual cycles , and follicular responses in PCOS patients .