Vaginal estrogen: a dual-edged sword in postoperative healing of the vaginal wall Portal vein embolization and autologous CD133+ bone marrow stem cells for liver regeneration: initial experience. Autologous bone marrow stem cell neurotransplantation in stroke patients. An open study. Improvement of intertrochanteric bone quality in osteoporotic female rats after injection of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer/collagen type I microspheres combined with bone mesenchymal stem cells Bone marrow skeletal stem/progenitor cell defects in dyskeratosis congenita and telomere biology disorders. Treatment of Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures in Men and Women: A Clinical Practice Guideline Update From the American College of Physicians.
Objective : Reconstructive surgery for pelvic organ prolapse is plagued with high failure rates possibly due to impaired healing or regeneration of the vaginal wall . Here , we tested the hypothesis that postoperative administration of local estrogen , direct injection of mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs ) , or both lead to improved wound healing of the injured vagina in a menopausal rat model . Methods : Ovariectomized rats underwent surgical injury to the posterior vaginal wall and were r and omized to treatment with placebo ( n = 41 ) , estrogen cream ( n = 47 ) , direct injection of MSCs ( n = 39 ) , or both ( n = 43 ) . Results : MSCs did not survive after injection and had no appreciable effects on healing of the vaginal wall . Acute postoperative administration of vaginal estrogen altered the response of the vaginal wall to injury with decreased stiffness , decreased collagen content , and decreased expression of transcripts for matrix components in the stromal compartment . Conversely , vaginal estrogen result ed in marked proliferation of the epithelial layer and increased expression of genes related to epithelial barrier function and protease inhibition . Transcripts for genes involved in chronic inflammation and adaptive immunity were also down-regulated in the estrogenized epithelium . Conclusions : Collectively , these data indicate that , in contrast to the reported positive effects of preoperative estrogen on the uninjured vagina , acute administration of postoperative vaginal estrogen has adverse effects on the early phase of healing of the stromal layer . In contrast , postoperative estrogen plays a positive role in healing of the vaginal epithelium after injury PURPOSE To prospect ively evaluate the effectiveness of portal vein embolization ( PVE ) and CD133(+ ) bone marrow stem cell ( BMSC ) administration to the liver , compared with PVE alone , to augment hepatic regeneration in patients with large hepatic malignancies . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee ; informed consent was obtained . Thirteen patients underwent PVE  of liver segments I and IV-VIII to stimulate hepatic regeneration prior to extended right hepatectomy . In six patients ( three men , three women ; mean age , 61 years ; range , 46 - 72 years ) with a future liver remnant volume ( FLRV ) below 25 % and /or limited quality of hepatic parenchyma , PVE alone did not promise adequate proliferation . These patients underwent BMSC administration to segments II and III ( group I ) . In seven patients ( three men , four women ; mean age , 69 years ; range , 63 - 75 years ) with an FLRV below 25 % , PVE alone was performed ( group II ) . Two radiologists blinded to patients ' identity and each other 's results measured liver and tumor volumes with helical computed tomography . Absolute , relative , and daily FLRV gains were compared by using the t test or the Wilcoxon test . RESULTS The increase of the mean absolute FLRV in group I from 239.3 mL + /- 103.5 ( st and ard deviation ) to 417.1 mL + /- 150.4 was significantly higher than that from 286.3 mL + /- 77.1 to 395.9 mL + /- 94.1 in group II ( P = .049 ) . The relative gain of FLRV after PVE in group I ( 77.3 % + /- 38.2 ) was significantly higher than that in group II ( 39.1 % + /- 20.4 ) ( P = .039 ) . The daily hepatic growth rate in group I ( 9.5 mL/d + /- 4.3 ) was significantly superior to that in group II ( 4.1 mL/d + /- 1.9 ) ( P = .03 ) . Time to surgery was 27 days + /- 11 in group I and 45 days + /- 21 in group II ( P = .057 ) . CONCLUSION In patients with malignant liver lesions , the combination of PVE with CD133(+ ) BMSC administration substantially increased hepatic regeneration compared with PVE alone PURPOSE Bone marrow stem cells ( BMSC ) were transplanted into the perilesional area in five patients bearing sequels of stroke , to evaluate the safety of the procedure and tolerance to the transplanted cells . METHODS Cells were obtained from bone marrow sample s taken from the same patient and stereotactically implanted into the targets , determined using a combination of images , and trans-operative recording of multiunit activity . The cells were implanted in several points along tracts in the perilesional region . RESULTS No important adverse events derived from surgery or transplant were observed during the one year follow-up period , or detected using a combination of tests and functional measurements applied pre- and post-surgically . In contrast , some improvements were observed regarding the neurological condition of the patients , but the small number of patients in the study does not allow any conclusive statement . CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that BMSC can be safely transplanted into the brain of patients , with excellent tolerance and without complications , using the methods described here Purpose Osteoporosis mainly involves cancellous bone , and the spine and hip , with their relatively high cancellous bone to cortical bone ratio , are severely affected . Studies of bone mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs ) from osteoporotic patients and animal models have revealed that osteoporosis is often associated with reduction of BMSCs ’ proliferation and osteogenic differentiation . Our aim was to test whether polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer(PLGA)/collagen type I(CoI ) microspheres combined with BMSCs could be used as injectable scaffolds to improve bone quality in osteoporotic female rats . Methods PLGA microspheres were coated with CoI. BMSCs of the third passage and were cultured with PLGA/CoI microspheres for seven days . Forty three-month-old female non-pregnant SD rats were ovariectomized to establish osteoporotic animal models . Three months after being ovariectomized , the osteoporotic rats were r and omly divided into five groups : SHAM group , PBS group , cell group , microsphere ( MS ) group , and cell+MS group . Varying material s were injected into the intertrochanters of each group ’s rats . Twenty rats were sacrificed at one month and three months post-op , respectively . The femora were harvested in order to measure the intertrochanteric bone mineral density ( BMD ) with DEXA and trabecular thickness ( Tb . Th ) , percentage of trabecular area ( % Tb . Ar ) , bone volume fraction ( BV/TV ) and trabecular spacing ( Tb . Sp ) with Micro CT . One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used . Results BMSCs seeded on PLGA/CoI microspheres had a nice adhesion and proliferation . At one month post-op , the BMD ( 0.33 ± 0.01 g/cm2 ) , Tb . Th ( 459.65 ± 28.31 μm ) , % Tb . Ar ( 9.61 ± 0.29 % ) and Tb . Sp ( 2645.81 ± 94.91 μm ) of the cell+ MS group were better than those of the SHAM group and the cell group . At three months post-op , the BMD ( 0.32 ± 0.01 g/cm2 ) , Tb . Th ( 372.81 ± 38.45 μm ) , % Tb . Ar ( 6.65 ± 0.25 % ) , BV/TV ( 6.62 ± 0.25 % ) and Tb . Sp ( 1559.03 ± 57.06 μm ) of the cell + MS group were also better than those of the SHAM group and the cell group . Conclusion The PLGA/CoI microspheres combined with BMSCs can repair bone defects more quickly . This means that PLGA/CoI microspheres combined with BMSCs can promote trabecular reconstruction and improve bone quality in osteoporotic rats . This scaffold can provide a promising minimally invasive surgical tool for enhancement of bone fracture healing or prevention of fracture occurrence which will in turn minimize complications endemic to patients with osteoporosis Dyskeratosis congenita ( DC ) is an inherited multisystem disorder , characterized by oral leukoplakia , nail dystrophy , and abnormal skin pigmentation , as well as high rates of bone marrow ( BM ) failure , solid tumors , and other medical problems such as osteopenia . DC and telomere biology disorders ( collectively referred to as TBD here ) are caused by germline mutations in telomere biology genes leading to very short telomeres and limited proliferative potential of hematopoietic stem cells . We found that skeletal stem cells ( SSCs ) within the BM stromal cell population ( BMSCs , also known as BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells ) , may contribute to the hematologic phenotype . TBD-BMSCs exhibited reduced clonogenicity , spontaneous differentiation into adipocytes and fibrotic cells , and increased senescence in vitro . Upon in vivo transplantation into mice , TBD-BMSCs failed to form bone or support hematopoiesis , unlike normal BMSCs . TERC reduction ( a TBD-associated gene ) in normal BMSCs by small interfering TERC-RNA ( siTERC-RNA ) recapitulated the TBD-BMSC phenotype by reducing proliferation and secondary colony-forming efficiency , and by accelerating senescence in vitro . Microarray profiles of control and siTERC-BMSCs showed decreased hematopoietic factors at the messenger RNA level and decreased secretion of factors at the protein level . These findings are consistent with defects in SSCs/BMSCs contributing to BM failure in TBD Description This guideline up date s the 2008 American College of Physicians ( ACP ) recommendations on treatment of low bone density and osteoporosis to prevent fractures in men and women . This guideline is endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians . Methods The ACP Clinical Guidelines Committee based these recommendations on a systematic review of r and omized controlled trials ; systematic review s ; large observational studies ( for adverse events ) ; and case reports ( for rare events ) that were published between 2 January 2005 and 3 June 2011 . The review was up date d to July 2016 by using a machine-learning method , and a limited up date to October 2016 was done . Clinical outcomes evaluated were fractures and adverse events . This guideline focuses on the comparative benefits and risks of short- and long-term pharmacologic treatments for low bone density , including pharmaceutical prescriptions , calcium , vitamin D , and estrogen . Evidence was grade d according to the GRADE ( Grading of Recommendations Assessment , Development and Evaluation ) system . Target Audience and Patient Population The target audience for this guideline includes all clinicians . The target patient population includes men and women with low bone density and osteoporosis . Recommendation 1 ACP recommends that clinicians offer pharmacologic treatment with alendronate , risedronate , zoledronic acid , or denosumab to reduce the risk for hip and vertebral fractures in women who have known osteoporosis . ( Grade : strong recommendation ; high- quality evidence ) . Recommendation 2 ACP recommends that clinicians treat osteoporotic women with pharmacologic therapy for 5 years . ( Grade : weak recommendation ; low- quality evidence ) . Recommendation 3 ACP recommends that clinicians offer pharmacologic treatment with bisphosphonates to reduce the risk for vertebral fracture in men who have clinical ly recognized osteoporosis . ( Grade : weak recommendation ; low- quality evidence ) . Recommendation 4 ACP recommends against bone density monitoring during the 5-year pharmacologic treatment period for osteoporosis in women . ( Grade : weak recommendation ; low- quality evidence ) . Recommendation 5 ACP recommends against using menopausal estrogen therapy or menopausal estrogen plus progestogen therapy or raloxifene for the treatment of osteoporosis in women . ( Grade : strong recommendation ; moderate- quality evidence ) . Recommendation 6 ACP recommends that clinicians should make the decision whether to treat osteopenic women 65 years of age or older who are at a high risk for fracture based on a discussion of patient preferences , fracture risk profile , and benefits , harms , and costs of medications . ( Grade : weak recommendation ; low- quality evidence )
Background Previous studies have found that bone mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs ) were capable of self-replication , multi-differentiation , and regeneration .
The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review and meta- analysis of the efficacy of BMSC therapy for ovariectomized rats .