Double Centrifugation Versus Single Centrifugation of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Sinus Floor Elevation: A Pilot Study. Tissue-engineered bone for maxillary sinus augmentation. Stem Cell Therapy for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration: A Randomized, Controlled Feasibility Trial Injectable tissue-engineered bone using autogenous bone marrow-derived stromal cells for maxillary sinus augmentation: clinical application report from a 2-6-year follow-up. Effects of directly autotransplanted tibial bone marrow aspirates on bone regeneration and osseointegration of dental implants. Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Combining Bio-Oss with the Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate: A Histomorphometric Study in Humans Maxillary sinus floor elevation with bovine bone mineral combined with either autogenous bone or autogenous stem cells: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Are culture-expanded autogenous bone cells a clinically reliable option for sinus grafting? Bone marrow concentrate and bovine bone mineral for sinus floor augmentation: a controlled, randomized, single-blinded clinical and histological trial--per-protocol analysis. Sinus augmentation with bovine hydroxyapatite/synthetic peptide in a sodium hyaluronate carrier (PepGen P-15 Putty): a clinical investigation of different healing times. Use of corticocancellous allogeneic bone blocks impregnated with bone marrow aspirate: a clinical, tomographic, and histomorphometric study. Maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery with BioOss® mixed with a bone marrow concentrate or autogenous bone: test of principle on implant survival and clinical performance. Use of Bone Allograft With or Without Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Appositional Reconstructions: A Tomographic and Histomorphometric Study Microcomputed tomographic and histologic analysis of anorganic bone matrix coupled with cell-binding peptide suspended in sodium hyaluronate carrier after sinus augmentation: a clinical study. Effectiveness of two different splints to treat temporomandibular disorders
PURPOSE To evaluate the regenerative results of the addition of bone marrow aspirate concentrate , using a single or double centrifugation protocol , to a xenogeneic bone graft in sinus floor elevation . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Using a r and omized , controlled pilot study design in 15 consecutive patients , sinus floor elevation procedures were performed with a xenogenous bone graft alone ( control group , CG ) or associated with bone marrow aspirate concentrate obtained by single centrifugation ( single centrifugation group , SCG ) or double centrifugation ( double centrifugation group , DCG ) . In the patients in the single and double centrifugation groups , bone marrow was harvested from the iliac bone . Six months after the grafting procedures , bone biopsy specimens were obtained during implant placement and were analyzed by histomorphometry . RESULTS Histomorphometric analysis revealed a great amount of vital mineralized tissue in SCG followed by DCG when compared with the CG ( 38.44 ± 12.34 % , 34.63 ± 9.84 % , and 27.30 ± 5.55 % , respectively ) . SCG and DCG presented smaller amounts of nonvital mineralized tissue when compared with the CG ( 13.70 ± 7.50 % , 19.63 ± 8.35 % , and 22.79 ± 9.60 % , respectively ) , thus presenting higher levels of resorption . Although these differences were not statistically significant ( P > .05 ) , a tendency toward bone gain in the experimental groups ( SCG and DCG ) was found . All groups ( SCG , DCG , and CG ) showed similar levels of nonmineralized tissue ( 47.87 ± 6.31 % , 45.73 ± 7.33 % , and 49.90 ± 7.64 % , respectively ) . CONCLUSION This pilot study indicates that the clinical use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate , obtained by either a single or double centrifugation process , combined with a xenograft for maxillary sinus elevation seems to result in more adequate bone repair . However , clinical trials with a larger number of patients are required PURPOSE Autologous , allogenic , and alloplastic material s for bony reconstruction in the craniomaxillofacial region have specific drawbacks stimulating the ongoing search for new material s. Cultivated skin and mucosa grafts are in clinical routine use in head and neck reconstruction but so far , to the best of our knowledge , no successful clinical application has been described of periosteum-derived tissue-engineered bone for augmentation of the edentulous posterior maxilla . PATIENTS AND METHODS In a clinical study , augmentation of the posterior maxilla was carried out using a bone matrix derived from m and ibular periosteum cells on an Ethisorb ( Ethicon , Norderstedt , Germany ) fleece . In this report , we show the fabrication of the matrix , clinical application , and results in 27 patients . RESULTS In 18 patients , an excellent clinical , radiologic , and histologic result could be proved 3 months after augmentation . Histologically , the bone biopsy sample s from these patients revealed mineralized trabecular bone with remnants of the bio material . An unsuccessful result was found in 8 cases with a more extended augmentation procedure . The clinical inspection 3 months after augmentation showed almost no formation of new bone . In contrast , a replacement resorption with connective tissue was found . This may be the result of failure of the initial supply of the cells embedded within large cell-polymer constructs with sufficient oxygen and nutrients to sustain their survival and proliferation and allow for the integration of the developing tissue within the surrounding tissue . CONCLUSION Our achieved results suggest that periosteum-derived osteoblasts on a suitable matrix can form lamellar bone within 3 months after transplantation and provide a reliable basis for simultaneous or secondary insertion of dental implants Stem cell therapy offers potential in the regeneration of craniofacial bone defects ; however , it has not been studied clinical ly . Tissue repair cells ( TRCs ) isolated from bone marrow represent a mixed stem and progenitor population enriched in CD90- and CD14-positive cells . In this phase I/II , r and omized , controlled feasibility trial , we investigated TRC cell therapy to reconstruct localized craniofacial bone defects . Twenty-four patients requiring localized reconstruction of jawbone defects participated in this longitudinal trial . For regenerative therapy , patients were r and omized to receive either guided bone regeneration ( GBR ) or TRC transplantation . At 6 or 12 weeks following treatment , clinical and radiographic assessment s of bone repair were performed . Bone biopsies were harvested and underwent quantitative micro-computed tomographic ( μCT ) and bone histomorphometric analyses . Oral implants were installed , subsequently restored , and functionally loaded with tooth restorations . Reconstructed sites were assessed for 1 year following therapy . No study -related , serious adverse events were reported . Following therapy , clinical , radiographic , tomographic , and histological measures demonstrated that TRC therapy accelerated alveolar bone regeneration compared to GBR therapy . Additionally , TRC treatment significantly reduced the need for secondary bone grafting at the time of oral implant placement with a fivefold decrease in implant bony dehiscence exposure ( residual bone defects ) as compared to GBR-treated sites ( p < 0.01 ) . Transplantation of TRCs for treatment of alveolar bone defects appears safe and accelerates bone regeneration , enabling jawbone reconstruction with oral implants . The results from this trial support exp and ed studies of TRC therapy in the treatment of craniofacial deformities ( Clinical Trials.gov number CT00755911 ) This clinical study used injectable tissue-engineered bone , along with bone marrow-derived stromal cells ( BMDSCs ) and platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) , to conduct maxillary sinus floor augmentation by the simultaneous placement of bone graft and dental implants and to examine the state of regenerated bone after functional loading in 16 sinus augmentations in 12 patients whose alveolar crestal bone height was 2 - 10 mm . We used PRP as an autologous scaffold-which provides signal molecules-with in vitro exp and ed BMDSCs to enhance osteogenesis . All 41 dental implants prepared with the material s were clinical ly stable after second-stage surgery . The height of mineralized tissue at 2 years showed the mean increases of 8.8 + /- 1.6 mm compared to preoperative values , and no adverse effects and remarkable bone absorption were seen in the 2 - 6-year follow-up time . Although these results are preliminary , injectable tissue-engineered bone would stably predict the success of bone formation and dental implants , reduce patient burden , and provide minimally invasive cell therapy for patients OBJECTIVES Aim of the pilot trial was to evaluate applicability and effects of directly autotransplanted tibial bone marrow ( BM ) aspirates on the incorporation of porous bovine bone mineral in a sinus lift model and on the osseointegration of dental implants . MATERIAL AND METHODS Six edentulous patients with bilaterally severely resorbed maxillae requiring sinus augmentation and implant treatment were included . During surgery , tibial BM was harvested and added to bone substitute material ( Bio-Oss ( ® ) ) at the r and omly selected test site . At control sites , augmentation was performed with Bio-Oss ( ® ) alone . The cellular content of each BM aspirate was checked for multipotency and surface antigen expression as quality control . Histomorphometric analysis of biopsies from the augmented sites after 3 and 6 months ( during implantation ) was used to evaluate effects on bone regeneration . Osseointegration of implants was evaluated with Periotest ( ® ) and radiographic means . RESULTS Multipotent cellular content in tibial BM aspirates was comparable to that in punctures from the iliac crest . No significant difference in amount of new bone formation and the integration of bone substitute particles was detected histomorphometrically . Periotest ( ® ) values and radiographs showed successful osseointegration of inserted implants at all sites . CONCLUSION Directly autotransplanted tibial BM aspirates did not show beneficial regenerative effects in the small study population ( N = 6 ) of the present pilot trial . However , the proximal tibia proved to be a potential donor site for small quantities of BM . Future trials should clarify whether concentration of tibial BM aspirates could effect higher regenerative potency Purpose . To investigate the regenerative results obtained with the association of bone marrow aspirate concentrate using the Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate ( BMAC ) method to a xenogeneic bone graft ( Bio-Oss ) in sinus floor elevation . Material s and Methods . Using a r and omized controlled study design in eight consecutive patients ( age of 55.4 ± 9.2 years ) , 16 sinus floor lift procedures were performed with Bio-Oss alone ( control group , CG , n = 8) or combined with bone marrow aspirate concentrate obtained via the BMAC method ( test group , TG , n = 8) . Six months after the grafting procedures , bone biopsies were harvested during implant placement and were analyzed by histomorphometry . Results . Histomorphometric analysis revealed a significantly higher amount ( p < 0.05 ) of vital mineralized tissue in TG when compared to the CG ( 55.15 ± 20.91 % and 27.30 ± 5.55 % , resp . ) . For nonvital mineralized tissue , TG presented a statistically higher level of Bio-Oss resorption ( p < 0.05 ) when compared with the CG ( 6.32 ± 12.03 % and 22.79 ± 9.60 % , resp . ) . Both groups ( TG and CG ) showed no significantly different levels ( p > 0.05 ) of nonmineralized tissue ( 38.53 ± 13.08 % and 49.90 ± 7.64 % , resp . ) . Conclusion . The use of bone marrow concentrate obtained by BMAC method increased bone formation in sinus lift procedures AIM To assess whether differences occur in bone formation after maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery with bovine bone mineral ( BioOss ( ® ) ) mixed with autogenous bone or autogenous stem cells . The primary endpoint was the percentage of new bone three months after the elevation procedure . MATERIAL AND METHODS In a r and omized , controlled split-mouth design , in 12 consecutive patients ( age 60.8 ± 5.9 years , range 48 - 69 years ) needing reconstruction of their atrophic maxilla , a bilateral sinus floor augmentation procedure was performed . R and omly , on one side the augmentation procedure was performed with bovine bone mineral ( BioOss ( ® ) ) seeded with mononuclear stem cells harvested from the posterior iliac crest ( test group ) while BioOss ( ® ) mixed with autogenous bone ( harvested from the retromolar area ) was applied on the contra-lateral side ( control group ) . On 14.8 ± 0.7 weeks after the sinus floor elevation , biopsies from the reconstructed areas were taken at the spots where subsequently the endosseous implants were placed . The biopsies were histomorphometrically analyzed . RESULTS Significantly more bone formation was observed in the test group ( 17.7 ± 7.3 % ) when compared with the control group ( 12.0%± 6.6 ; P=0.026 ) . In both the test and control group , all implants could be placed with primary stability . In one patient , not all biopsies contained BioOss ( ® ) . This patient was excluded from analysis . CONCLUSION Mesenchymal stem cells seeded on BioOss ( ® ) particles can induce the formation of a sufficient volume of new bone to enable the reliable placement of implants within a time frame comparable with that of applying either solely autogenous bone or a mixture of autogenous bone and BioOss ( ® ) . This technique could be an alternative to using autografts OBJECTIVES This prospect i ve clinical study was design ed to examine the healing process during the first 12 months after sinus grafting ( SG )  with autogenous culture-exp and ed bone cells ( ABC ) and bovine bone mineral ( BBM ) histomorphometrically and radiologically . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two sinuses of 12 patients ( mean age 56.2+/-9.3 years ) were grafted . Four weeks before , SG bone biopsies were obtained with a trephine burr and the bone cells were isolated and exp and ed . Every sinus was grafted with BBM and ABC . After 6 months , a biopsy was taken from each sinus and implants ( n=82 ) were placed . These were uncovered after another 6 months and fitted with dentures . The percent newly formed bone ( NB ) and the NB-to-BBM contact area were determined on undecalcified histologic sections . The sinus graft volume was evaluated by dental CT after SG ( CT 1 ) , after implant placement ( CT 2 ) and after implant uncovery ( CT 3 ) . RESULTS Postoperative healing was uneventful . The NB was 17.9+/-4.6 % and the contact area 26.8+/-13.1 % . The graft volume ( in mm(3 ) ) was 2218.4+/-660.9 at the time of CT 1 , 1694+/-470.4 at the time of CT 2 and 1347.9+/-376.3 at the time of CT 3 ( P<.01 ) . Three implants were lost after uncovery . Reimplantation and prosthodontic rehabilitation were successful throughout . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SG with ABC and BBM in a clinical setting provides a bony implant site which permits implant placement and will tolerate functional loading PURPOSE The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential of substituting autogenous bone ( AB ) by bone marrow aspirate concentrate ( BMAC ) . Both AB and BMAC were tested in combination with a bovine bone mineral ( BBM ) for their ability of new bone formation ( NBF ) in a multicentric , r and omized , controlled , clinical and histological noninferiority trial . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty-five severely atrophied maxillary sinus from 26 patients were evaluated in a partial cross-over design . As test arm , 34 sinus of 25 patients were augmented with BBM and BMAC containing mesenchymal stem cells . Eleven control sinus from 11 patients were augmented with a mixture of 70 % BBM and 30 % AB . Biopsies were obtained after a 3 - 4-month healing period at time of implant placement and histomorphometrically analyzed for NBF . RESULTS NBF was 14.3%±1.8 % for the control and nonsignificantly lower ( 12.6%±1.7 % ) for the test ( 90 % confidence interval : -4.6 to 1.2 ) . Values for BBM ( 31.3%±2.7 % ) were significantly higher for the test compared with control ( 19.3%±2.5 % ) ( p<0.0001 ) . Nonmineralized tissue was lower by 3.3 % in the test compared with control ( 57.6 % ; p=0.137 ) . CONCLUSIONS NBF after 3 - 4 months is equivalent in sinus , augmented with BMAC and BBM or a mixture of AB and BBM . This technique could be an alternative for using autografts to stimulate bone formation PURPOSE Augmentation of the sinus floor with autogenous bone often requires an extra donor site , which is associated with a risk of morbidity , and current grafting protocol s involve healing times of up to 9 months . In this prospect i ve in vivo study , the time-dependent efficacy of PepGen P-15 Putty , a combination of bovine hydroxyapatite and synthetic peptide in a sodium hyaluronate carrier , was evaluated in sinus grafting . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-four edentulous patients received bilateral sinus augmentations with PepGen P-15 Putty  , which mimics the cell-binding domain of type I collagen responsible for cell migration , differentiation , and proliferation . The patients were r and omly divided into four groups of six patients each , corresponding to 2 , 4 , 6 , and 9 months of healing postaugmentation . After these time intervals , bone biopsy specimens were retrieved through the alveolar bone crest into the augmented sinus , and subsequently oral implants were placed . The specimens were immersed in buffered formalin , scanned with a desktop microcomputed tomography machine , and processed for histologic and histomorphometric evaluation . A mixed model was used for statistical analysis . RESULTS Three-dimensional microcomputed tomography depicted the distinct structure of trabecular bone encompassing remnants of PepGen , and histologic evaluation revealed osteoblasts and osteoid with osteocytes in the vicinity of the PepGen particles at all healing stages . Histomorphometric results indicated an increase in the newly formed bone fraction in the specimens as follows : 21.3 % ( ± 2.33 ) at 2 months , 21.9 % ( ± 8.9 ) at 4 months , 28.5 % ( ± 6.9 ) at 6 months , and 29.8 % ( ± 11.8 ) at 9 months . The differences were statistically insignificant . All implants placed in the augmented sites integrated and were restored prosthetically . CONCLUSIONS PepGen can be used successfully for maxillary sinus augmentation . These data provide evidence that implant placement , even after only 2 months of healing , may be possible The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of allogeneic block grafts impregnated with autologous bone marrow in horizontal ridge augmentation therapy .  Ten patients with severe ridge volume deficiency in the anterior maxilla were treated with horizontal ridge augmentation .  The patients were r and omized into two groups : Five patients , using two allogeneic block grafts  , were in the control group , and five patients , using two allogeneic block grafts impregnated with autologous bone marrow , were in the test group . Hematologists collected 4 mL of bone marrow from the iliac crest of the patients in the test group immediately prior to the surgeries . The blocks were fixed using titanium screws to obtain rigid fixation and to st and ardize the reference points for measurement purpose s. CT scans were obtained both preoperatively and six months postoperatively to allow evaluation of horizontal bone gain . After a healing period of six months , the sites were reopened and the screws were removed . Before implant placement , bone cores were harvested and prepared for histologic and histomorphometric evaluation . Tomographic and histomorphometric measurements were recorded . The test group demonstrated better tomographic results ( P < 0.05 ) in augmenting alveolar thickness , with a mean value of 4.60 ± 1.43 mm ( 118.23 ± 56.93 % ) , while the control group had bone gain of 2.15 ± 0.47 mm ( 49.91 ± 20.24 % ) . Despite the different results in alveolar thickness gained between groups , all sites received dental implants . The histomorphometric analysis also showed better results ( P < 0.05 ) in the amount of vital mineralized bone in the test group as compared to the control group . The findings of this study suggest that an autologous bone marrow aspirate can increase the regenerative potential of corticocancellous allogeneic bone grafts The purpose of this study was to assess implant survival and 1-year clinical performance of  implants placed in the posterior maxilla that had been subjected to maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery with bovine bone mineral ( BioOss ® ) mixed with autogenous bone marrow concentrate or autogenous bone . In a r and omized , controlled , split-mouth design study , a bilateral sinus floor augmentation procedure was performed in 12 edentulous patients . At r and om , one side was treated with BioOss ® seeded with an iliac crest bone marrow concentrate enriched in mesenchymal stem cells ( test side ) and the other with BioOss ® mixed with autogenous bone ( control side ) . Three to four months after augmentation , 66 implants were placed . Implant survival , plaque , gingival , and bleeding indices , probing depth , and peri-implant radiographic bone levels were assessed at baseline and 12 months after functional loading . During osseointegration , three implants failed on the test side ( two patients ) and no implants failed on the control side , result ing in 3-month survival rates of 91 % and 100 % , respectively . No implants were lost after functional loading and no differences in soft tissue parameters or peri-implant bone loss were observed between the control and test sides . After 1 year in function , no clinical ly relevant differences were observed regarding soft tissue parameters or peri-implant bone loss Objectives : To evaluate bone allograft associated to bone marrow aspirate concentrate ( BMAC ) , in maxillary reconstructions . Material s and Methods : Ten patients with alveolar bone deficiency in the anterior maxilla were r and omly divided into control group ( CG ) and test group ( TG ) . A bone block allograft was placed in both groups , but the graft was impregnated with BMAC only in TG . Computed tomography was performed 7 days ( T1 ) and 6 months ( T2 ) after the grafting procedure , and volume and bone density measurements were carried out . Histomorphometric analysis was performed at T2 . Results : Bone volume loss from T1 to T2 was significant only in TG . The bone density in the buccal region of the graft was significantly higher in TG than in CG . There was no significant difference between the groups , in respect to mineralized tissue ( MT ) and nonmineralized tissue ( NMT ) , in that MT values were 37.77 % ± 15.19 % and 43.85 % ± 10.94 % , and NMT values were 62.15 % ± 14.90 % and 56.30 % ± 10.72 % , respectively , for CG and TG . The intragroup difference for the MT/NMT ratio was statistically significant in CG but not significant in TG . Conclusions : The use of BMAC result ed in an improved pattern of bone formation , with higher bone density in the peripheral regions of the graft PURPOSE Anorganic bovine hydroxyapatite matrix ( ABM ) , when coupled with synthetic cell-binding peptide ( P15 ) , mimics the cell-binding region of type 1 collagen and is commercially available suspended in a sodium hyaluronate carrier . The aim of the present study , therefore , was to test the efficacy of ABM/P-15 Putty ( DENTSPLY Friadent CeraMed ) as a sole graft material for sinus augmentation in patients with severely resorbed posterior maxillae . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sinus augmentation was performed in 10 patients using ABM/P-15 Putty and two provisional dental implants ( 3.0 mm in diameter ) . The graft and implants were placed simultaneously with the aid of a surgical stent . After 8 or 16 weeks , the implants were removed using a 4.25-mm trephine bur ; this was followed by immediate placement of wider-diameter ( 5.5-mm ) implants . All 20 implants were scanned by microcomputed tomography to determine bone mineral density ( BMD ) , percent bone volume ( PBV ) , and percent bone contact ( PBC ) . RESULTS There was a significant increase in the BMD of bone around the implants at 8 weeks and 16 weeks compared to native residual ( control ) bone . There was no significant difference in PBV or PBC between 8 weeks and 16 weeks . The average increase in bone height at 16 weeks was 9.63 ± 1 mm . Microcomputed tomographic images and histologic sections showed dense graft particles surrounded by vital trabecular bone . CONCLUSION BMD increases as early as 8 weeks and does not show an additional increase after 16 weeks . PepGen P-15 Putty was found to be a promising osteoconductive graft for sinus augmentation , supporting immediate placement of implants Nearly 5 % of the the world ’s population has temporom and ibular disorder ( TMD ) severe enough to make them seek treatment . A third of the total population has at least one TMD symptom . There are different types of splints to treat TMD . In our study , we compared the success of two different appliances [ stabilization splint ( ss ) , nociceptive trigeminal inhibition splint ( NTI ) ] by using Fonseca ’s question naire , the OHQoL-UK and visual analog scale ( VAS ) . A total of 40 patients suffering from TMD were included in this study and answered question naires twice , at the beginning of the treatment and 3 months later . Regarding TMD alone , 39 patients ( 97.5 % ) had some degree of the disorder , 7 of of these cases being mild ( 17.5 % ) , 15 moderate ( 37.5 % ) , and 17 severe ( 42.5 % ) . We analyzed posttreatment changes compared to baseline . Pain complaints decreased in both groups , and the OHQoL-UK revealed better quality of life after treatment . Based on the posttreatment Fonseca ’s question naires , significant changes in the patients ’ complaints in the group SS ( p < 0.01 ) were observed . The group NTI also displayed changes but these were not statistically significant after treatment ( p > 0.05 ) . Patients in both groups had fewer TMD complaints after TMJ treatment . According to the Fonseca ’s question naire , the patients ’ major TMD complaint was clenching – grinding , followed by pain in the craniom and ibular joint , or earache . ZusammenfassungTemporom and ibuläre Dysfunktionen ( TMD ) von einer Schwere , dass sich die Betroffenen deswegen in Beh and lung begeben , haben eine weltweite Prävalenz von fast 5 % . Ein Drittel der Gesamtbevölkerung leidet an wenigstens einem relevanten Symptom . Zur Beh and lung von TMD werden diverse Arten von Schienen verwendet . Wir verglichen in dieser Studie das Abschneiden einer Stabilisierungsschiene bzw . einer Trigeminusinhibitionsschiene ( auch als NTI-tss-Schiene bekannt ) anh and von 2 Fragebögen ( nach Fonseca sowie OHQoL-UK zur mundgesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität ) und einer visuellen Analogskala ( VAS ) . Insgesamt 40 TMD-Patienten wurden aufgenommen , zu Therapiebeginn und nach 3 Beh and lungsmonaten füllten sie die Fragebögen aus . Rein auf die TMD bezogen zeigten 39 der Patienten ( 97,5 % ) eine Dysfunktion unterschiedlichen Schweregrads : 7 dieser Fälle waren leicht ( 17,5 % ) , 15 mittelschwer ( 37,5 % ) und 17 schwer ( 42,5 % ) . Ausgewertet wurden die posttherapeutischen Veränderungen gegenüber den Ausgangssituationen . In beiden Gruppen nahmen die Schmerzen ab und das Instrument OHQoL-UK offenbarte Verbesserungen in der Lebensqualität . Anh and der posttherapeutisch ausgefüllten Fonseca-Fragebögen verzeichneten wir in der Gruppe mit den Stabilisierungsschienen signifikante Veränderungen der Beschwerden ( p < 0,01 ) . Auch in der Gruppe mit den Trigeminusinhibitionsschienen f and en sich Veränderungen , sie fielen aber nicht signifikant aus ( p > 0,05 ) . In beiden Gruppen hatten die Patienten nach der Beh and lung weniger  TMD-Beschwerden . Knirschen/Pressen war die i m Fonseca-Fragebogen am häufigsten angegebene Beschwerde , gefolgt von Kiefergelenk- oder Ohrenschmerzen
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare tissue-engineered bone using mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs ) and conventional bone grafts in terms of histomorphometric outcome , bone gained , and implant failure in the atrophic maxilla .