Prevalence and Associated Factors of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Bowel Habits in Chinese Adolescents: A School-based Study An Epidemiologic Study of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adolescents and Children in China: A School-Based Study Parental Report of Abdominal Pain and Abdominal Pain–related Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders From a Community Survey Increased prevalence of celiac disease among pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a 6-year prospective cohort study. Recurrent Abdominal Pain: Symptom Subtypes Based on the Rome II Criteria for Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Abdominal Pain-predominant Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adolescent Nigerians
Objectives : In the present study , we explored the prevalence rates and association factors of functional gastrointestinal disorders and the most common modes and frequencies of bowel habit among a cohort of Chinese adolescents . Patients and Methods : A stratified , r and omized study based on cross-sectional data was performed using cluster sampling , which recruited 3671 students in Shanghai , China . All of the students were requested to complete a question naire . Results : Overall , 88.05 % ± 0.28 % of students had a bowel movement frequency of between 1 of 2 times per day and once every 2 days . Female students were found to have a lower bowel frequency than boys ( P < 0.01 ) . The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) , functional constipation , and functional diarrhea were 19.89 % , 24.93 % , and 5.42 % , respectively . Certain factors adjusted for age and sex were significantly associated with IBS ( P < 0.05 ) , including gastrointestinal tract infection ( odds ratio [ OR ] 2.26 ) , abuse of analgesics ( OR 1.25 ) , air swallowing to terminate hiccups ( OR 1.28 ) , fatigue ( OR 1.15 ) , and depression ( OR 1.36 ) . Other factors that were adjusted for age and sex , such as fried food ( OR 1.68 ) , air swallowing to terminate hiccups ( OR 1.21 ) , anxiety ( OR 1.12 ) , and depression ( OR 1.57 ) , were significantly associated with the presence of functional constipation ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusions : Our findings suggest that normal bowel frequency among Chinese urban adolescents may be defined as between 1 or 2 bowel movements per day and once every 2 days . IBS , functional constipation , and diarrhea are common disorders among this adolescent group Objectives . To explore the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) and its distribution characteristics of adolescents and children in China and its contributing factors . Methods . This study was a stratified , r and omized study by clustering sample s , which involved 5403 students whose age range was 6 to 18 years from 9 schools , and was conducted in Heilongjiang Province and Shanghai . All students studied were requested to fill in a question naire . IBS was diagnosed according to Rome II criteria . Results . The prevalence of IBS according to Rome II criteria in adolescents and children in China was 13.25 % . The ratio of boys to girls was 1:1.8 . There was a higher prevalence ( 14.02 % ) of IBS in Heilongjiang province than that ( 11.72 % ) in Shanghai . The prevalence in children 12 years and younger was not statistically significantly higher than that of adolescents 13 years and older ( 11.86 % and 11.44 % , respectively ) . The prevalence of IBS in minority students ( 21.15 % ) was not statistically significantly higher than that in Han race students ( 16.08 % ) . Our study indicated that psychological factors , food habit , bad exterior environment , personal habits , and family conditions might be important contributing factors , and exposure to coldness ( odds ratio : 2.83 ) is most prominent . Conclusion . IBS was a common disorder in adolescents and children in China . The prevalence of IBS in adolescents and children was different in different geographic areas . Our study indicated that IBS in adolescents and children might have possible relations with psychological factors , food habit , bad exterior environment , and family condition Background and Aims : Functional gastrointestinal disorders ( FGIDs ) are common in children .  Abdominal pain ( AP ) is the most common gastrointestinal ( GI ) symptom in children . The severity of AP drives medical consultations and quality of life in adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) . Thirty-eight percent of 8- to 15-year-old schoolchildren report AP weekly with 24 % of those children reporting persistence of AP > 8 weeks . Despite the high prevalence of AP , only 2 % of school children seek medical attention for AP . Lack of parental knowledge on their child 's symptoms may constitute one of the factors affecting the low ratio of consultation in children reporting AP . The aim was to assess parental reports of AP symptoms in a population of healthy community children . Methods : Data of 5 studies with identical methodology to assess GI symptoms in children with celiac disease ( CD ) , cow 's milk allergy ( CMA ) , pyloric stenosis ( PS ) , Henoch-Schönlein purpura ( HSP ) , and stem cell transplant ( SC ) and their healthy siblings were review ed : a phone question naire on GI symptoms and Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rome III version question naire ( QPGS-RIII ) . Inclusion criteria were healthy children 4 to 18 years of age with a sibling previously diagnosed with CD , CMA , PS , HSP , or SC . Results : Data on 246 healthy children , mean age ( 9.8 years , range 3–24 , 112 girls ) were obtained . Parents reported presence of AP in the last 8 weeks before the telephone contact in 20 ( 8.1 % ) children ( age range 4–18 years , 11 girls ) . There was no significant difference in AP prevalence between boys and girls ( P = 0.64 ) . Six children ( 2.4 % ) met QPGS-RIII diagnostic criteria for FGIDs : 3 functional abdominal pain ( FAP ) and 3 IBS . Conclusions : AP was common in community children . FAP was the most common FGID among healthy community children . The prevalence of AP by parental report is lower than the previously published prevalence of AP reported by children . Lack of awareness of children 's symptoms may play a role in the low ratio of consultation for AP in symptomatic children . Future prospect i ve studies should confirm our findings and investigate the factors influencing the medical consultation decision including parental awareness of children 's symptoms IMPORTANCE Recurrent abdominal pain is a prevalent health issue in childhood . Clinical criteria ( ie , the Rome criteria ) have been established to aid diagnosis . Studies of adults have shown an increased prevalence of celiac disease among patients with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) ; few data are available with regard to children . OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of celiac disease among children with abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders classified according to the Rome criteria . DESIGN , SETTING , PARTICIPANTS Six-year ( 2006 - 2012 ) prospect i ve cohort study conducted in a tertiary referral center for the diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal disorders in southern Italy ( ie , Bari , Italy ) . A total of 992 children ( 42.8 % male ; median age , 6.8 years ) consecutively referred for recurrent abdominal pain by their primary care physicians without previous investigation were evaluated . EXPOSURE Patients were classified according to Rome III criteria as having IBS , functional dyspepsia , functional abdominal pain , or abdominal migraine . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence of celiac disease in each category of abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorder . Concentrations of IgA , IgA antitissue transglutaminase , and endomysial antibodies were measured , and a duodenal biopsy was performed in case of antibody positivity . RESULTS A total of 992 children were evaluated : 270 were classified as having IBS , 201 as having functional dyspepsia , and 311 as having functional abdominal pain , and 210 children were excluded from the study because they had an organic disorder or some other functional gastrointestinal disorder ( not related to abdominal pain ) . Serologic testing was performed for all 782 children included in the study , and 15 patients tested positive for celiac disease ( 12 of 270 patients with IBS [ 4.4 % ] , 2 of 201 patients with functional dyspepsia [ 1 % ] , and 1 of 311 patients with functional abdominal pain [ 0.3 % ] ) . Children presenting with IBS have a 4 times higher risk of having celiac disease than children without IBS ( odds ratio , 4.19 [ 95 % CI , 2.03 - 8.49 ] ; P < .001 ) . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The prevalence of celiac disease among children with IBS is 4 times higher than among the general pediatric population . Rome III classification of abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders might help to select children who deserve screening for celiac disease Objectives Recurrent abdominal pain ( RAP ) is a common childhood complaint rarely associated with organic disease . Recently , the Pediatric Rome Criteria were developed to st and ardize the classification of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders ( FGIDs ) using a symptom-based approach . The authors tested the hypothesis that most patients with childhood RAP could be classified into one or more of the symptom subtypes defined by the Pediatric Rome Criteria . Methods Using a prospect i ve longitudinal design , new patients with RAP ( n = 114 ) were studied at a tertiary care children 's medical center . Before the medical evaluation , parents completed a question naire about their child , assessing symptoms defined by the Pediatric Rome Criteria . Results Of the 107 children for whom medical evaluation revealed no organic etiology for pain , 73 % had symptom profiles consistent with the Pediatric Rome Criteria for one of the FGIDs associated with abdominal pain ( irritable bowel syndrome , 44.9 % ; functional dyspepsia,15.9 % ; functional abdominal pain , 7.5 % ; abdominal migraine , 4.7 % ) Conclusions This study provides the first systematic empirical evidence that RAP , originally defined by Apley , includes children whose symptoms are consistent with the symptom criteria for several FGIDs defined by the Rome criteria . The pediatric Rome criteria may be useful in clinical research to ( 1 ) describe the symptom characteristics of research participants who meet Apley 's broad criteria for RAP , and ( 2 ) select patients with particular symptom profiles for investigation of potential biologic and psychosocial mechanisms associated with pediatric FGIDs Objectives : To determine the prevalence , pattern , and predisposing factors of abdominal pain-predominant functional gastrointestinal disorders ( AP-FGIDs ) in adolescent Nigerians . Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 states in the southern part of Nigeria in June 2014 . Adolescents of age 10 to 18 years were recruited from 11 secondary schools using a stratified r and om sampling technique . A vali date d self-administered question naire on Rome III criteria for diagnosing AP-FGIDs and its determinants were filled by the participants in a classroom setting . Results : A total of 874 participants filled the question naire . Of this , 818 ( 93.4 % ) filled it properly and were included in the final analysis . The mean age of the participants was 14.6 ± 2.0 years with 409 ( 50.0 % ) being boys . AP-FGIDs were present in 81 ( 9.9 % ) participants . Forty six ( 5.6 % ) of the study participants had irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) , 21 ( 2.6 % ) functional abdominal pain , 15 ( 1.8 % ) abdominal migraine while 3 ( 0.4 % ) had functional dyspepsia . The difference in AP-FGIDs between adolescents residing in rural and urban areas was not statistically significant ( P = 0.22 ) . Intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms occurred more frequently in those with AP-FGIDs . Nausea was the only symptom independently associated with AP-FGIDs ( p = 0.015 ) . Multiple regression analysis showed no significant association between stressful life events and AP-FGIDs . Conclusions : AP-FGIDs are a significant health problem in Nigerian adolescents . In addition to the intestinal symptoms , most of the affected children and others also had extraintestinal symptoms . None of the stressful life events evaluated was significantly associated with FGIDs
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