Interpersonal psychotherapy delivered over the telephone to recurrent depressives. A pilot study Telephone-Based Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson Disease Cognitive therapy vs medications in the treatment of moderate to severe depression. Telephone-administered psychotherapy for depression. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: a pilot trial. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Feasibility of telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy targeting major depression among urban dwelling African-American people with co-occurring HIV Efficacy of telephone-administered behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia.
Rates of recurrent depression peak among women in their childbearing years , yet a large number of these women are not treated or do not seek maintenance treatment between episodes . Barriers to treatment include time constraints , dem and s of child care , and finances . A method for improving access to treatment of depression may be delivery of psychotherapy over the telephone . A 12‐week pilot controlled clinical trial with r and om assignment was conducted to test the feasibility and efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy delivered over the telephone ( IPT‐T ) for depression in women ( N=15 IPT‐T and N=15 no treatment ) with a life‐time history of recurrent depression and low rates of previous treatment . Patients were interviewed at baseline and at 12 weeks by a blind and independent clinical evaluator to assess their symptom level and social functioning . IPT‐T as compared to no treatment was significantly better in lowering symptoms of depression as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ( p<.02 ) , improving global functioning ( GAS ) ( p<.02 ) , and improving work and social functioning ( p<.03–.05 , respectively ) . These preliminary findings support the feasibility and helpfulness of IPT‐T in preventing an increase in depressive symptoms among women with recurrent depression but current mild to moderately levels of depression .  Depression and Anxiety 16:114–117 , 2002 . © 2002 Wiley‐Liss , Background : Although face-to-face cognitive – behavioral therapy ( CBT ) was found to be beneficial for the treatment of depression in Parkinson disease ( dPD ) in a recent r and omized-controlled trial , access to care was identified as a critical issue that needs to be addressed in order to improve the management of this nonmotor complication in PD . The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and effect of telephone-based CBT for dPD . Methods : Twenty-one depressed people with PD participated in a National Institutes of Health – sponsored uncontrolled pilot trial of  telephone-based CBT  in an academic medical center from October 2009 to February 2011 . The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was the primary outcome . Treatment was provided to people with PD for 10 weeks , modified for delivery over the phone , and supplemented with 4 separate phone-based caregiver educational sessions . Assessment s were completed at baseline and 5 ( midpoint ) , 10 ( end-of-treatment ) , and 14 weeks ( follow-up ) post-enrollment . Results : Twenty ( 95 % ) people with PD completed the study treatment  . Phone-based CBT was associated with significant improvements in depression , anxiety , negative thoughts , and coping . Mean Hamilton Depression Rating Scale change from baseline to week 10 was 7.91 points ( P < .001 , Cohen d = 1.21 ) . Conclusions : Telephone-based CBT may be a feasible and helpful approach for treating dPD and warrants further exploration in r and omized-controlled trials . Results were comparable to those observed in the few in-person cognitive – behavioral treatment studies for dPD conducted to date BACKGROUND There is substantial evidence that antidepressant medications treat moderate to severe depression effectively , but there is less data on cognitive therapy 's effects in this population . OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy in moderate to severe depression of antidepressant medications with cognitive therapy in a placebo-controlled trial . DESIGN R and om assignment to one of the following : 16 weeks of medications ( n = 120 ) , 16 weeks of cognitive therapy ( n = 60 ) , or 8 weeks of pill placebo ( n = 60 ) . SETTING Research clinics at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , and V and erbilt University , Nashville , Tenn. PATIENTS Two hundred forty out patients , aged 18 to 70 years , with moderate to severe major depressive disorder . INTERVENTIONS Some study subjects received paroxetine , up to 50 mg daily , augmented by lithium carbonate or desipramine hydrochloride if necessary ; others received individual cognitive therapy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale provided continuous severity scores and allowed for design ations of response and remission . RESULTS At 8 weeks , response rates in medications ( 50 % ) and cognitive therapy ( 43 % ) groups were both superior to the placebo ( 25 % ) group . Analyses based on continuous scores at 8 weeks indicated an advantage for each of the active treatments over placebo , each with a medium effect size . The advantage was significant for medication relative to placebo , and at the level of a nonsignificant trend for cognitive therapy relative to placebo . At 16 weeks , response rates were 58 % in each of the active conditions ; remission rates were 46 % for medication , 40 % for cognitive therapy . Follow-up tests of a site x treatment interaction indicated a significant difference only at V and erbilt University , where medications were superior to cognitive therapy . Site differences in patient characteristics and in the relative experience levels of the cognitive therapists each appear to have contributed to this interaction . CONCLUSION Cognitive therapy can be as effective as medications for the initial treatment of moderate to severe major depression , but this degree of effectiveness may depend on a high level of therapist experience or expertise BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that telephone-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy ( T-CBT ) is superior to forms of no treatment controls . No study has examined if the skills-training component to T-CBT provides any benefit beyond that provided by nonspecific factors . OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of a 16-week T-CBT against a strong control for attention and nonspecific therapy effects . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial including 12-month follow-up . SETTING Telephone administration of psychotherapy with patients in their homes . PARTICIPANTS Participants had depression and functional impairments due to multiple sclerosis . INTERVENTIONS A 16-week T-CBT program was compared with 16 weeks of telephone-administered supportive emotion-focused therapy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score , Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder , Beck Depression Inventory score , and Positive Affect scale score of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale . RESULTS Of the 127 participants r and omized , 7 ( 5.5 % ) dropped out of treatment . There were significant improvement during treatment on all outcome measures ( P<.01 for all ) and an increase in Positive Affect Scale score . Improvements over 16 weeks of treatment were significantly greater for T-CBT , compared with telephone-administered supportive emotion-focused therapy , for major depressive disorder frequency ( P = .02 ) , Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score ( P = .02 ) , and Positive Affect Scale score ( P = .008 ) , but not for the Beck Depression Inventory score ( P = .29 ) . Treatment gains were maintained during 12-month follow-up ; however , differences across treatments were no longer evident ( P > .16 for all ) . CONCLUSIONS Patients showed significant improvements in depression and positive affect during the 16 weeks of telephone-administered treatment . The specific cognitive-behavioral components of T-CBT produced improvements above and beyond the nonspecific effects of telephone-administered supportive emotion-focused therapy on evaluator-rated measures of depression and self-reported positive affect . Attrition was low OBJECTIVE Rural areas account for approximately 6 % of AIDS cases in the United States . Many HIV-infected persons in rural areas live with elevated levels of psychiatric distress , suicidal ideation , and loneliness . This pilot study tested whether brief interpersonal psychotherapy delivered via telephone could reduce psychiatric distress among persons living with HIV-AIDS in rural areas in the United States . METHODS Seventy-nine participants were assigned r and omly to a usual care control condition or to a six-session , telephone-delivered , interpersonal psychotherapy intervention ( hereafter referred to as the teletherapy group ) ; participants in the teletherapy group continued to receive st and ard services available to them in the community . Participants completed self-administered surveys pre- and postintervention that assessed depressive and psychiatric symptoms , perceptions of loneliness , and social support . RESULTS Participants in the teletherapy group evidence d greater reductions in depressive symptoms and in overall levels of psychiatric distress , compared with those in the control group . Nearly one-third of teletherapy participants reported clinical ly meaningful reductions in psychiatric distress from pre- to postintervention . CONCLUSIONS The telephone-delivered interpersonal therapy intervention showed potential to reduce depressive and psychiatric symptoms among HIV-infected persons in rural areas . On the basis of these encouraging findings , additional research examining this intervention with this clinical population is warranted OBJECTIVE Multiple trials have found telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy ( T-CBT ) to be effective for the treatment of depression . The aim of this study was to evaluate T-CBT for the treatment of depression among veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics ( CBOCs ) outside of major urban areas . METHOD Eighty-five veterans meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( 4th ed . ; American Psychiatric Association , 1994 ) criteria for major depressive disorder were r and omized to receive 16 sessions of T-CBT over 20 weeks or treatment as usual through the CBOC . Veterans were assessed at baseline , 12 weeks , 20 weeks ( posttreatment ) , and 6-month follow-up using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( Hamilton , 1960 ) , the Patient Health Question naire-9 ( Kroenke , Spitzer , & Williams , 2001 ) , and a st and ardized psychiatric interview . RESULTS There were no significant Time × Treatment effects ( ps > .20 ) . Patients were compliant , with 38 ( 92.7 % ) completing at least 12 sessions , and 32 ( 78.0 % ) having no missed sessions whatsoever . Ratings of audiotaped sessions showed the therapists to be highly competent . CONCLUSIONS This trial yielded negative results for an intervention that has been shown to be effective under other circumstances . We speculate that veterans served within the Veterans Affairs system are more refractory to treatment than other population s , and they may require a more rigorous intervention . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov NCT00223652 Given the burden of depression among those with HIV , and the impact of HIV on urban minority communities there is an urgent need to assess innovative treatment interventions that not only treat depression but do so in a way that allows for increased access to mental health care . This single site , uncontrolled , pilot study sought to determine the feasibility and depression outcomes of an 11-session telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy intervention delivered over 14 weeks targeting low-income , urban-dwelling , HIV-infected African-American people with major depression . The diagnosis of major depression was made using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview . The primary outcome was the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HAM-D ) and the secondary outcome was the Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomatology-Self Report ( QIDS-SR ) . Feasibility and satisfaction were also assessed . Assessment s occurred at baseline , midpoint and at study conclusion ( 14 weeks ) . Fifteen people were screened for the study . Six HIV-infected , low-income , African-American people individuals ( five females and one male ) were eligible and participated in the study . All patients finished the study . On average , participants completed nine sessions . The sessions lasted for an average of 48 min ( SD = 11.5 ) . Compared to mean HAM-D score at baseline ( HAM-D = 22.8 ( SD = 3.1 ) , the mean HAM-D score was significantly reduced at study conclusion ( HAM-D = 9.8 ( SD = 7.4 ) ; ( t ( 5 ) = 4.6 , p = 0.006 ) ; ( Cohen d = 1.9 ) ) . Compared to the mean QIDS-SR score at baseline ( QIDS-SR = 15.5 ( SD = 4.2 ) the mean QIDS score was significantly reduced at study conclusion ( QIDS = 7.0 ( SD = 5.4);(t ( 5 ) = 3.2 , p = 0.02 ) ; ( Cohen d = 1.3)).The mean satisfaction scores across all participants at post-treatment was 5.7 ( SD = 0.3 ) with of a maximum score of 6 . Telephone-based CBT can be delivered to low-income , urban-dwelling ethnic minority HIV-infected people result ing in significant reductions in depression symptoms with high satisfaction . The efficacy of this intervention will be assessed in a planned r and omized control trial The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a structured exposure-based behavior therapy program delivered by telephone to agoraphobic individuals who were isolated from specialized treatment centres . Forty-two individuals with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of panic disorder with agoraphobia who were living in rural areas of Ontario were assigned to either an eight-session telephone behavior therapy program or wait-list control condition . There were significant treatment x time interaction effects on several outcome variables . Patients originally in the wait-list group then received the same type of therapy and they also significantly improved . All treatment gains were maintained at three-month and six-month follow-up . Telephone behavior therapy appears to be a cost-effective and efficacious treatment for agoraphobics living in remote regions where specialized anxiety disorder services are not readily available
Objectives The telephone is increasingly used to deliver psychological therapies for common mental health problems .
This review addressed the following question : are evidence -based psychological therapies for adults with depression and /or anxiety effective in reducing psychological symptoms when delivered over the telephone ?