Effects of a community-based multimodal exercise program on physical function and quality of life in cancer survivors: a pilot study Development of a computer-tailored physical activity intervention for prostate and colorectal cancer patients and survivors: OncoActive Home-based physical activity intervention for colorectal cancer survivors. A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Navy Bean or Rice Bran Consumption in Colorectal Cancer Survivors The influence of high-intensity compared with moderate-intensity exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in colorectal cancer survivors: a randomised controlled trial Dietary supplement use among elderly, long-term cancer survivors A pilot study on the motivational effects of an internet-delivered physical activity behaviour change programme in Nova Scotian cancer survivors Mediators of fruit and vegetable consumption among colorectal cancer survivors Is self-management feasible and acceptable for addressing nutrition and physical activity needs of cancer survivors? Physical activity preferences among a population-based sample of colorectal cancer survivors.
Abstract The purpose of this single-arm pilot study was to examine the effects of a community-based multimodal exercise program on : physical function ( Timed-Up- and -Go [ TUG ] , 6-min walk test [ 6MWT ] , leg and chest press strength , and functional reach [ FR ] ) ; and quality of life , QoL [ FACT-G ] ) , in cancer survivors . Fifty-nine cancer survivors ( 91.5 % female ; mean age 59 ± 12 years )  completed supervised exercise training for 90 min twice weekly for 12 weeks . Exercise training consisted of 30 min of each of the following : ( 1 ) aerobic conditioning ; ( 2 ) resistance training ; and ( 3 ) balance and flexibility training . Pre-post- outcome measures were compared for statistically significant differences ( p < 0.01 ) and were related to the International Classification of Functioning , Disability and Health Model . Effect sizes ( ES ) , minimal clinical ly important differences , and minimal detectable change at 90 % confidence intervals were calculated . Participants decreased TUG time by 21.1 % and walked 15.5 % farther during 6-MWT ( p < 0.001 ) . Leg and chest press strength increased by 34.5 % and 32.7 % , respectively ( p < 0.001 ) . FR increased by 15.1 % ( p < 0.001 ) . Significant improvements for physical well-being ( 13.9 % ) , emotional well-being ( 6.7 % ) , functional well-being ( 13.0 % ) , and total well-being ( 9.6 % ) were found ( p < 0.01 ) . Improvements in physical function and QoL showed “ moderate to large ” ESs indicating improvements in physical function and QoL are clinical ly meaningful Background Cancer and cancer treatment coincide with substantial negative physical , psychological and psychosocial problems .  Physical activity ( PA ) can positively affect the negative effects of cancer and cancer treatment and thereby increase quality of life in CPS . Nevertheless , only a minority of CPS meet PA guidelines . We developed the OncoActive ( OncoActief in Dutch ) intervention : a computer-tailored PA program to stimulate PA  in prostate and colorectal CPS , because to our knowledge there are only a few PA interventions for these specific cancer types in the Netherl and s Methods The OncoActive intervention was developed through systematic adaptation of a proven effective , evidence -based , computer-tailored PA  intervention for adults over fifty , called Active Plus . The Intervention Mapping ( IM ) protocol was used to guide the systematic adaptation . A literature study and interviews with prostate and colorectal CPS and health care professionals revealed that both general and cancer-specific PA determinants are important and should be addressed . Change objectives , theoretical methods and applications and the actual program content were adapted to address the specific needs , beliefs and cancer-related issues of prostate and colorectal CPS . Intervention participants  received tailored PA advice three times , on internet and with printed material s , and a pedometer to set goals to improve PA .  Pre- and pilot tests showed that the intervention was highly appreciated ( target group ) and regarded safe and feasible ( healthcare professionals ) . The effectiveness of the intervention is being evaluated in a r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) ( n = 428 ) , consisting of an intervention group and a usual care waiting-list control group , with follow-up measurements at three , six and twelve months . Participants are recruited from seventeen hospitals and with posters , flyers and calls in several media . Discussion Using the Intervention Mapping protocol result ed in a systematic ally adapted , theory and evidence -based intervention providing tailored PA advice to prostate and colorectal CPS . If the intervention turns out to be effective in increasing PA , as evaluated in a RCT , possibilities for nationwide implementation and extension to other cancer types will be explored . Trial registration The study is registered in the Dutch Trial Register ( NTR4296 ) on November 23rd 2013 and can be accessed at http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/ rct view.asp?TC=4296 BACKGROUND The efficacy of a home-based physical activity ( PA ) intervention for colorectal cancer patients versus  contact control was evaluated in a r and omized controlled trial . METHODS Forty-six patients ( mean age = 57.3 years [ SD = 9.7 ] , 57 % female , mean = 2.99 years post-diagnosis [ SD = 1.64 ] ) who had completed treatment for stages 1 - 3 colorectal cancer were r and omized to telephone counseling to support PA ( PA group , n = 20 ) or contact control ( control group , n = 26 ) . PA group participants received 3 months of PA counseling ( based on the transtheoretical model and the social cognitive theory ) delivered via telephone , as well as weekly PA tip sheets . Assessment s of  PA ( Seven-day Physical Activity Recall [ 7-day PAR ] and Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors [ CHAMPS ] ) , submaximal aerobic fitness ( Treadwalk test ) , motivational readiness for PA , and psychosocial outcomes were conducted at baseline , 3 , 6 , and 12 months post-baseline . Objective accelerometer data were collected at the same time points . RESULTS The PA group reported significant increases in minutes of PA at 3 months ( 7-day PAR ) and caloric expenditure ( CHAMPS ) compared with the control group , but the group differences were attenuated over time . The PA group showed significant improvements in fitness at 3 , 6 , and 12 months versus the control group . Improvements in motivational readiness for PA were reported in the PA group only at 3 months . No significant group differences were found for fatigue , self-reported physical functioning , and quality of life at 3 , 6 , and 12 months . CONCLUSION A home-based intervention improved survivors ' PA and motivational readiness at 3 months and increased submaximal aerobic fitness at 3 , 6 , and 12 months ABSTRACT Consumption of navy beans ( NB ) and rice bran ( RB ) have been shown to inhibit colon carcinogenesis . Given the overall poor diet quality in colorectal cancer ( CRC ) survivors and low reported intake of whole grains and legumes , practical strategies to increase consumption merit attention . This study determined feasibility of increasing NB or RB intake in CRC survivors to increase dietary fiber and examined serum inflammatory biomarkers and telomere lengths .  Twenty-nine subjects completed a r and omized controlled trial with foods that included cooked NB powder ( 35 g/day ) , heat-stabilized RB ( 30 g/day ) , or no additional ingredient .  Fasting blood , food logs , and gastrointestinal health question naires were collected . The amount of NB or RB consumed equated to 4–9 % of subjects ' daily caloric intake and no major gastrointestinal issues were reported with increased consumption . Dietary fiber amounts increased in NB and RB groups at Weeks 2 and 4 compared to baseline and to control ( P ≤ 0.01 ) . Telomere length correlated with age and HDL cholesterol at baseline , and with improved serum amyloid A ( SAA ) levels at Week 4 ( P ≤ 0.05 ) . This study concludes feasibility of increased dietary NB and RB consumption to levels associated with CRC chemoprevention and warrants longer-term investigations with both foods in high-risk population s that include cancer prevention and control outcomes Purpose Following colorectal cancer diagnosis and anti-cancer therapy , declines in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition lead to significant increases in morbidity and mortality . There is increasing interest within the field of exercise oncology surrounding potential strategies to remediate these adverse outcomes . This study compared 4 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise ( MIE ) and high-intensity exercise ( HIE ) training on peak oxygen consumption ( V̇O2peak ) and body composition in colorectal cancer survivors . Methods Forty seven post-treatment colorectal cancer survivors ( HIE = 27 months post-treatment ; MIE = 38 months post-treatment ) were r and omised to either HIE [ 85–95 % peak heart rate ( HRpeak ) ] or MIE ( 70 % HRpeak ) in equivalence with current physical activity guidelines and completed 12 training sessions over 4 weeks . Results HIE was superior to MIE in improving absolute ( p = 0.016 ) and relative ( p = 0.021 ) V̇O2peak . Absolute ( + 0.28 L.min−1 , p < 0.001 ) and relative ( + 3.5 ml.kg−1.min−1 , p < 0.001 ) V̇O2 peak were increased in the HIE group but not the MIE group following training . HIE led to significant increases in lean mass ( + 0.72 kg , p = 0.002 ) and decreases in fat mass ( −0.74 kg , p < 0.001 ) and fat percentage ( −1.0 % , p < 0.001 ) , whereas no changes were observed for the MIE group . There were no severe adverse events . Conclusions In response to short-term training , HIE is a safe , feasible and efficacious intervention that offers clinical ly meaningful improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition for colorectal cancer survivors . Implication s for Cancer SurvivorsHIE appears to offer superior improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in comparison to current physical activity recommendations for colorectal cancer survivors and therefore may be an effective clinical utility following treatment Introduction The purpose of the present study was to assess dietary supplement use and its association with  micronutrient intakes and diet quality among older ( ≥65 years ) , long-term survivors ( ≥5 years post-diagnosis ) of female breast , prostate , and colorectal cancer . Methods The sample included 753 survivors who participated in telephone screening interviews to determine eligibility for a r and omized diet and physical activity intervention trial entitled RENEW : Reach-out to ENhancE Wellness in Older Cancer Survivors .  Telephone surveys included two 24-hour dietary recalls and items regarding supplement use ( type , dose , and duration ) . Nutrient intakes were compared to Dietary Reference Intakes ( DRIs ) . Diet quality was assessed using the revised Healthy Eating Index ( HEI ) . Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used in this cross-sectional study . Results A majority of survivors ( 74 % ) reported taking supplements  , with multivitamins ( 60 % ) , calcium/vitamin D ( 37 % ) , and antioxidants ( 30 % ) as the most prevalent . Overall proportions of the total sample with dietary intakes below Estimated Average Requirements ( EARs ) were substantial , although supplement users had more favorable mean HEI scores ( P < 0.01 ) and nutrient intakes for 12 of the 13 vitamins and minerals investigated ( P values < 0.05 ) . Supplement use was positively associated with older age ( ≥70 years ) ( odds ratio (OR)=1.70 ; 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI)=1.17 , 2.46 ) and female gender ( OR=1.49 ; 95 % CI=1.04 , 2.13 ) , and negatively associated with current smoking ( OR=0.40 , 95 % CI=0.21 , 0.76 ) . Individuals scoring higher on the Total Fruit ( OR=1.12 , 95 % CI=1.01 , 1.23 ) , Whole Grain ( OR=1.14 , 95 % CI=1.04 , 1.25 ) , and Oil ( OR=1.10 , 95 % CI=1.01 , 1.11 ) components of the HEI were significantly more likely to take supplements , while those scoring higher on the Meat and Beans category ( OR=0.81 , 95 % CI=0.71 , 0.93 ) were significantly less likely to  take supplements . Compared to those with less than a high school education , survivors with a professional or graduate degree were significantly more likely to use supplements ( OR=2.18 , 95 % CI=1.13 , 4.23 ) . Discussion s/ conclusions Demographic , disease , and health-related correlates of supplement use follow similar trends observed in the general population as well as previous reports from other cancer survivor population s. Supplement use may reduce the prevalence of nutrient inadequacies in this population , though survivors who use supplements are the least likely to need them . Implication s for cancer survivorsSupplement use may be an effective means for many survivors to achieve adequate nutrient intakes ; however , open communication between healthcare providers and survivors is needed to ensure potential concerns are addressed as supplement use may not always be beneficial Objective : To examine the effects of an internet-delivered , distance-based physical activity ( PA ) behaviour change programme on motivation to perform PA in cancer survivors . Design : Breast , prostate and colorectal cancer survivors ( N = 95 ) were r and omized to either an online Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)-based PA behaviour change programme ( UCAN ) or usual care . Main Outcome Measures : Motivational variables from the TPB including intention , planning , attitude , subjective norm , perceived behavioural control and underlying beliefs . Results : UCAN had significant negative effects on self-efficacy ( −.7 ; 95 % CI = −1.2 to −.1 ; d = −.53 , p = .019 ) , affective attitude ( −.4 ; 95 % CI = −.8 to −.0 ; d = −.45 , p = .044 ) , instrumental attitude ( −.5 ; 95 % CI = −.9 to −.1 ; d = −.43 , p = .026 ) and confidence to perform PA in bad weather ( −.8 ; 95 % CI = −1.6 to −.1 ; d = −.49 , p = .030 ) , despite health issues ( −.7 ; 95 % CI = −1.3 to −.1 ; d = −.48 , p = .031 ) , despite pain/soreness ( −.7 ; 95 % CI = −1.4 to −.1 ; d = −.52 , p = .020 ) , despite family responsibilities ( −1.0 ; 95 % CI = −1.7 to −.3 ; d = −.62 , p = .005 ) and when PA is boring ( −.8 ; 95 % CI = −1.4 to −.1 ; d = −.54 , p = .016 ) . Conclusion : UCAN had negative effects on motivational variables in cancer survivors . These findings may be explained by method ological issues related to measuring motivation and /or the absence of post-intentional constructs Introduction Due to early detection and treatment , survival from colorectal cancer ( CRC ) diagnosis has been steadily increasing . A CRC diagnosis could be considered a “ teachable moment , ” a time when interventionists might successfully promote dietary changes . CRC interventions with tailored print communication ( TPC ) and telephone motivational interviewing ( TMI ) have been shown to be effective in promoting fruit and vegetable consumption ( FVC ) among CRC survivors . However , little is known about how these interventions work to exert their effect . This study investigated whether information processes mediate the relationship between a CRC intervention and FVC among CRC survivors . Methods This research used data from NC STRIDES , a study that tested the efficacy of two CRC intervention strategies to promote FVC among CRC survivors . Participants were r and omized to control , TPC , TMI , or combined ( TPC+TMI ) . Structural equation models were constructed to analyze data from 266 CRC survivors using two different measures of FVC , a 35-item and a 2-item measure . Results Two information processes , relevance of communication and trust in the communication , mediated the effect of TPC+TMI on FVC for both 35-item and 2-item measures . TPC+TMI was significantly associated with relevance of communication , and perceiving greater relevance was significantly related to trust in the communication . Trust was significantly related to FVC . Discussion Information processes , including relevance and trust in the communication , serve as mediators of the relationship between the CRC intervention and FVC . Implication s for cancer survivorsFuture intervention research should investigate ways to enhance relevance of communication and trust in interventions with CRC survivors BACKGROUND Self-management is recommended for patients with chronic conditions , but its use with cancer survivors is underexplored . Optimal strategies for achieving lifestyle changes in cancer survivors are not known . OBJECTIVE We aim ed to determine feasibility , acceptability and preliminary efficacy of self-management-based nutrition and physical activity interventions for cancer survivors . DESIGN , SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Adult survivors ( n = 25 ) during ( Group 1 , n = 11 ) or post ( Group 2 , n = 14)-curative chemotherapy for solid tumours , most ( n = 20 , 80 % ) with breast cancer , were recruited prospect ively from a single clinical centre . INTERVENTION The Flinders Living Well Self-Management Program , a generic self-management care planning programme , was utilized to establish patient-led nutrition and exercise goals within a tailored 12-week intervention . Fortnightly progress review s occurred with assessment s at baseline , 6 and 12 weeks . RESULTS Most participants ( 84 % ) found the intervention acceptable/very acceptable . Both groups showed a trend towards significant improvement in the self-management capability ' knowledge about changing risk factors ' ( P = 0.047 ) ; Group 2 showed a trend towards significantly improved ' psychological impacts ' ( P = 0.007 ) . Goal ratings improved for both groups ( P = 0.001 ) . Quality of life improved for both groups for emotional functioning ( P = 0.03 ) . Physical functioning improved for Group 2 ( P = 0.05 ) ; however , most symptom domains worsened for Group 1 , as expected given their treatment stage . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Self-management interventions are feasible for this population . In particular , building self-management capacity during the active phase of patients ' cancer treatment provides health and psychosocial benefits . Larger r and omized controlled trials are required to further determine efficacy . Further translational research is also needed to determine acceptability , feasibility , enablers and barriers for clinicians embedding this approach into routine cancer survivorship care PURPOSE / OBJECTIVES To identify the key physical activity ( PA ) programming and counseling preferences of colorectal cancer ( CRC ) survivors . DESIGN Population -based , cross-sectional mailed survey . SETTING Alberta , Canada . SAMPLE 600 CRC survivors . METHODS CRC survivors r and omly identified through the Alberta Cancer Registry in Canada completed a mailed survey ( 34 % response rate ) . MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Self-reported  PA , medical and demographic variables , and  PA preferences . FINDINGS Most CRC survivors indicated that they were interested and able to participate in a PA program . The most common PA preferences of CRC survivors were to receive PA counseling from a fitness expert at a cancer center , receive PA information in the form of print material s , start a PA program after cancer treatment , do PA at home , and walk in both the summer and winter . In addition , oncologists and nurses were identified as preferences from whom CRC survivors would like to receive PA information . Chi-square analyses identified that age , education , annual family income , and current PA were the demographic variables most consistently associated with PA preferences . CONCLUSIONS The majority of CRC survivors expressed an interest in participating in a PA program and key PA preferences were identified . Those preferences may be useful for developing and implementing successful PA interventions for CRC survivors . IMPLICATION S FOR NURSING Oncology nurses are in a unique position to promote PA for CRC survivors . Therefore , underst and ing CRC survivor PA preferences is essential to assist nurses in making appropriate PA recommendations or referrals . KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION Although CRC survivors ' PA participation rates are low , they may have an interest in receiving PA programming and counseling . CRC survivors have indicated a preference to receive PA information from individuals within their cancer support team ( e.g. , fitness specialist at a cancer center , oncologist , nurses ) . The PA preferences identified by CRC survivors are important for the development of successful PA interventions
Background Post-treatment management is essential for improving the health and quality of life of colorectal cancer ( CRC ) survivors .
The number of cancer survivors is continually increasing , which is causing a corresponding growth in the need for effective post-treatment management programs .
Current research on the topic indicates that such programs should include aspects such as physical activity and a proper diet , which would form the basis of lifestyle change among CRC survivors .
Therefore , this study aim ed to identify the impact of physical activity and diet  on the quality of life of CRC survivors .