Effectiveness of community health workers for promoting use of safety eyewear by Latino farm workers. The effectiveness of a squash eyewear promotion strategy. Evaluation of the NSPB elementary school teaching units on eye health and safety. The effects of compliance cost and specific consequence information on the use of safety equipment.
To evaluate The Community Health Worker "promotor de salud" (CHW) model is evaluated as a tool for reducing eye injuries in Latino farm workers.
                In 2001, 786 workers on 34 farms were divided into three intervention blocks: (A) CHWs provided protective eyewear and training to farm workers; (B) CHWs provided eyewear but no training to farm workers; (C) eyewear was distributed to farm workers with no CHW present and no training.
                Pre- and post-intervention questionnaires demonstrated greater self-reported use of eyewear in all blocks after the intervention (P < 0.0001), with Block A showing the greatest change compared to B (P < 0.0001) and C (P = 0.03); this was supported by field observations. Block A showed the greatest improvement in knowledge on questions related to training content.
                CHWs were an effective tool to train farm workers in eye health and safety, improving the use of personal protective equipment and knowledge. To evaluate the protective eyewear promotion (PEP) project, which was a comprehensive educational strategy to increase the use of appropriate protective eyewear by squash players.
                An ecological study design was used. Four squash venues in one playing association were randomly chosen to receive PEP and four in another association maintained usual practice and hence formed a control group. The primary evaluation measurements were surveys of cross sectional samples of players carried out before and after the intervention. The surveys investigated players' knowledge, behaviours, and attitudes associated with the use of protective eyewear. The survey carried out after the intervention also determined players' exposure to PEP. Univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to describe differences at PEP venues from pre- to post-intervention and to compare these with the control venues.
                The PEP players had 2.4 times the odds (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 4.2) of wearing appropriate eyewear compared with control group players post-intervention, relative to the groups' pre-intervention baselines. Components of PEP, such as stickers and posters and the availability and prominent positioning of the project eyewear, were found to contribute to players adopting favourable eyewear behaviours.
                Components of the PEP intervention were shown to be effective. The true success will be the sustainability and dissemination of the project, favourable eyewear behaviours, and evidence of the prevention of eye injuries long into the future. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of elementary school teaching units on eye health and safety developed by the National Society to Prevent Blindness. Pretest and posttest scores on a questionnaire covering the units' information were compared for experimental and matched control groups from second, third, fifth and sixth grade classrooms in three states. The experimental groups showed significant increases in mean classroom scores. However, these increases were not as large as expected and suggest a need for additional development of the teaching units. Results of a teacher survey indicated that the teaching units produced positive changes in the students' knowledge, awareness and behavior related to eye health and safety. Parents reported no noticeable change in these areas as indicated by their responses to a survey. Recommendations for teachers, parents, care-givers, eye-care practitioners and their associated organizations to improve the eye health and safety of children are given. The effects of compliance cost and warning content on the use of protective eyewear by racquetball players were evaluated. Four-hundred-twenty subjects were observed for use of eye protection in a field setting. Results indicate that proximal placement of eyewear and the inclusion of specific consequence warning information increased safety equipment use. Implications of this research for augmenting warning effectiveness and safety are discussed.
The included studies do not provide reliable evidence that educational interventions are effective in preventing eye injuries. There is a need for well-conducted RCTs with adequate allocation concealment and masking (blinding). Studies should have a longer follow-up time and more studies need to be conducted in low and middle-income countries.