Two-day treatment of trichomoniasis in the female. Comparison of metronidazole and nimorazole. A double-blind controlled clinical trial of carnidazole and tinidazole in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. Treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis with a new anti-protozoal compound ( -chloromethyl-2-methyl-5-nitro-1-imidazole-ethanol). Single-day treatment of trichomonas vaginitis with low dose of ornidazole. First experiences with single-dose treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis with carnidazole (R 25831). Nitrimidazine compared with metronidazole in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of single-dose intravaginal versus single-dose oral metronidazole in the treatment of trichomonal vaginitis. A double-blind study of the value of treatment with a single dose tinidazole of partners to females with trichomoniasis. Double blind comparative study of tinidazole and ornidazole as a single dose treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. Nitrimidazine (Naxogin) compared with metronidazole (Flagyl) in the treatment of trichomonal vaginitis. A pilot study of metronidazole vaginal gel versus oral metronidazole for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis. Multicenter comparison of clotrimazole vaginal tablets, oral metronidazole, and vaginal suppositories containing sulfanilamide, aminacrine hydrochloride, and allantoin in the treatment of symptomatic trichomoniasis. Trichomonal vaginitis. A 24-hr regimen of nimorazole compared with a 7-day regimen of metronidazole. [Controlled research on the treatment of trichomonas vaginitis by nimorazol (nitrimidazine) or metronidazole]. Nimorazole compared with metronidazole in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. A randomized trial of intravaginal nonoxynol 9 versus oral metronidazole in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. [Single-dose treatment with ornidazole (Tiberal) in vaginal trichomoniasis. A controlled clinical study in general practice]. Split-dose metronidazole or single-dose tinidazole for the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. The minimum single oral metronidazole dose for treating trichomoniasis: a randomized, blinded study. Treatment of trichomoniasis in the female. A comparison of metronidazole and nimorazole. [Local treatment of vaginitis due to T. vaginalis. Comparative studies on methyl-partricin and metronidazole]. METRONIDAZOLE AND TRICHOMONAL VAGINITIS; REPORT OF A DOUBLE-BLIND CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF 450 WOMEN. [Therapy of combined vaginal infections with Trichomonas vaginalis and Blastomycetes. A controlled double-blind comparison of Metronidazole and Clotrimazole]. Single oral dose of ornidazole in women with vaginal trichomoniasis. Treatment of symptomatic trichomoniasis among adult women using oral nitroimidazoles.
A comparison has been made of the efficiency of a 2-day course of metronidazole (Flagyl) with that of a similar course of nimorazole (Naxogin) in the treatment of trichomoniasis. Of the 105 consecutive patients treated, 72 were finally included in the study (38 on metronidazole and 34 on nimorazole). Follow-up tests indicated an overall cure rate of 84-3 per cent. in those given Flagyl and 85-3 per cent. in those given Naxogin. Consorts were treated in just over 55 per cent. of cases in both groups. An attempt has been made to classify the recurrences as either 'primary' treatment failures or re-infections. Although both drugs were effective in the majority of cases, 'primary' treatment failure appeared to be commoner in the group receiving metronidazole. It is emphasized that the total dose of metronidazole was substantially lower than that recommended by the manufacturers. A double-blind controlled clinical trial of the new, not yet commercially available drug, carnidazole and tinidazole, was carried out in 77 women with a proven vaginal trichomoniasis. 39 patients and their sexual partners received a single dose of 2 g of carnidazole and the other 38 couples were treated in the same manner with tinidazole. The cure rate was 100% and 95% respectively. The side-effects were higher in the carnidazole group, although they were mild and well-tolerated by the patients and their partners. The history of the disease and its treatment are also briefly reviewed. nan A total of 107 cases of trichomonas vaginitis were treated with different regimens of ornidazole. The overall success rate of the treatment assessed by wet smear and clinical signs after three days in 68 cases was 98.5%. The side effects were mild and of short duration. These were noted in 14.7% of the assessable cases. No significant differences were seen in the success rate between the three drug regimens and the preliminary conclusions of the trial are that ornidazole is safe and effective in the treatment of trichomonas vaginitis in Korean women with an oral dose of 1.0 gm, 1.0 gm plus 0.5 gm intravaginally or 2.0 gm given in a single day. This paper reports the results of treating 152 women with carnidazole, a new trichomonacidal drug. They were divided into two groups. The first comprised 91 patients who were treated with 2 g, while the second group comprised 61 patients who were treated with 1-5 g carnidazole in a single oral dose. Defaulter rates were 6-6% for the first group and 13-1% for the second. Of the remaining 85 patients in the first group, 76 (89-5%) were negative at the first follow-up one to three weeks after treatment, three (3-5%) were considered to be treatment failures, and six (7-0%) were considered to be reinfected. Of 53 women treated with 1-5 g, 39 (73-6%) were negative at first follow-up, eight (15-1%) were considered to be treatment failures, and six (11-3%) were considered to be reinfected. The difference between the number of patients cured in both groups is statistically significant. Fourteen patients experienced side-effects, but these were of little significance. Carnidazole given in a single oral dose of 2 g in 16 women did not cause consistent changes in any of the haematological and biochemical parameters studied. A new substituted nitroimidazole, nitrimidazine (Naxogin), is compared with the established drug, metronidazole (Flagyl), for the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis in a randomized double-blind trial. Nitrimidazine cured 39 (68%) out of 57 patients and showed no undesirable effects other than nausea in one patient. Metronidazole cured 51 (89%) out of 57 patients and also caused nausea in one patient; this cure rate corresponds with that previously reported in other trials. In the recommended dosage nitrimidazine is inferior to metronidazole, but is sufficiently effective to be useful in cases of intolerance to metronidazole. Since metronidazole is a mutagen in vitro, there is concern about the widespread systemic use of this drug in women with trichomoniasis, particularly those who are pregnant. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial compared a single 2-g intravaginal dose of metronidazole cream with a single 2-g oral dose of metronidazole in patients with a culture positive for Trichomonas organisms. Of the 302 preenrollment cultures completed, 94 (31%) were positive. Sixty-one patients were enrolled in the study. Each received either oral placebo and intravaginal metronidazole or intravaginal placebo and oral metronidazole. Follow-up cultures were done on posttreatment day 3-5. Of the 53 evaluatable patients, 14 (50%) of 28 in the intravaginal group and 22 (88%) of 25 in the oral group were microbiologically cured (P = .0037). Single-dose intravaginal metronidazole is inferior to single-dose oral metronidazole and cannot be relied on as an alternative therapy. Tinidazole 2 g single oral dose was given to 137 females with positive trichomonal cultures. On a random basis the same dose of tinidazole was given to half the sexual partners, and matching placebo to the other half. One to two weeks after treatment 5 females had positive cultures, indicating a primary cure rate of 96.4%. At an average of 2 months after treatment and 6 weeks after resuming sexual activity, 118 females were reexamined; 17 had a positive culture, giving an overall relapse rate of 14.4%. The relapse rate with tinidazole-treated partner was 5.1%, and with placebo-treated partner 23.7% (p equals 0.01). The definitive cure rate after a single dose of tinidazole 2 g was in females with treated partner 91.8% and with untreated partner 72.6%. It is concluded that a single dose of tinidazole is an effective treatment for females with trichomoniasis but to avoid relapse it is necessary to treat the sexual partner too. nan nan Trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted pathogen. In the United States, oral metronidazole is the only officially sanctioned treatment option.
                This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel with that of oral metronidazole for the treatment of trichomonal vaginitis.
                Women with trichomoniasis were enrolled in this randomized, open-label pilot study of 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel twice daily for 7 days compared with 7 days of generic oral metronidazole, 250 mg, three times daily. Patients were seen for follow-up visits 5 to 7 days and 21 to 28 days after the last dose of medication.
                Using culture for test of cure, trichomonal infection was eliminated in all 15 women treated with oral metronidazole and 7 (44%) of 16 women treated with intravaginal metronidazole. Adverse events were similar, except that there were more taste-related adverse events in the oral metronidazole group. Significant reductions in genitourinary symptoms were seen in both the oral and intravaginal groups.
                This study has shown that 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel is not effective as a single agent for the treatment of trichomoniasis. Future studies may define a role for metronidazole gel for symptomatic relief in patients intolerant of oral medication or as adjunctive treatment with oral metronidazole for the management of patients infected with metronidazole-resistant strains of T. vaginalis. Trichomonas vaginalis is a common vaginal pathogen. Oral metronidazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of trichomoniasis. Oral metronidazole, however, may cause unpleasant side effects and is contraindicated during the first trimester of pregnancy. In vitro studies and preliminary clinical data have suggested that intravaginal clotrimazole may be effective against this pathogen.
                To compare the efficacy of clotrimazole vaginal tablets, oral metronidazole, and vaginal suppositories containing sulfanilamide, aminacrine, and allantoin (AVC suppositories) in the treatment of women with symptomatic trichomoniasis.
                In a multicenter, open-label trial conducted in 1982 and 1983, 168 symptomatic women with microscopically evident vaginal trichomoniasis were randomized to receive any of 2 g of metronidazole as a single oral dose, two 100-mg clotrimazole vaginal tablets once a day for 7 days, or vaginal suppositories containing 1.05 g of sulfanilamide, 14 mg of aminacrine hydrochloride, and 140 mg of allantoin (AVC suppositories) twice a day for 7 days. Wet mounts and cultures were repated at 1 to 2 and 4 to 6 weeks after completion of treatment.
                The number of patients who had positive cultures after treatment were 40/45 (88.9%) in the clotrimazole group, 35/43 (81.4%) in the AVC suppository group, and 9/45 (20%) in the metronidazole group (P < 0.001). All treatments were associated with a reduction in reported symptoms. Oral metrohidazole was more effective in reducing symptoms than either of the topical preparations. Adverse events, mostly mild or moderate in severity, were reported by 7 (14.6%) of 48 patients who had received oral metronidazole and 4 (7.8%) of 51 women who used AVC suppositories. There were no adverse events reported by the 50 women who used clotrimazole vaginal tablets.
                Oral metronidazole was more effective in eradicating T. vaginalis than clotrimazole vaginal tablets or AVC vaginal suppositories. All three regimens reduced symptoms; oral metronidazole was more effective in reducing symptoms than either topical preparation. A 24-hr regimen of nimorazole (1 g. orally at 12-hrly intervals for three doses) was compared with metronidazole (200 mg. three times daily for 7 days) in the treatment of trichomonal vaginitis. The two treatment schedules were given to alternate patients, pregnant women being excluded. One hundred cases were treated on each schedule; roughly one-fifth of the patients in each group defaulted. There were no observed failures with either schedule. The reasons for these exceptionally good results are discussed. nan nan This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of nonoxynol 9 suppositories in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis.
                In this prospective comparison trial 46 women with documented motile trichomonads found on a wet preparation were randomly assigned to one of two treatment arms: (1) a single oral dose of 2 g metronidazole and (2) a single 150-mg nonoxynol 9 suppository placed intravaginally for 3 consecutive nights. Cure was determined by a repeated wet preparation examination. After its first year, the study was terminated because of the poor efficacy of the nonoxynol 9 suppositories.
                Results were available for 33 patients. Three of 17 patients treated with nonoxynol 9 had negative wet preparation results at retest (17.6% cure rate). All 16 patients treated with metronidazole had negative wet preparation results (100% cure rate). All women with nonoxynol 9 failures who were evaluated after treatment with 2 g metronidazole had negative wet preparation results.
                Intravaginal nonoxynol 9 at the tested dose and by the tested method of delivery was not an effective cure for vaginal trichomoniasis. nan In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, efficacy and safety of a single-day split dose of 1.6 g of metronidazole were compared with a single 2-g dose of tinidazole in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. Women with symptomatic vaginal trichomoniasis were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups. There were 67 women in the group treated with the single-day split dose and 65 in group treated with the single dose. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical characteristics (age, weight, and length of follow-up period). The cure rates, using trypticase yeast extract iron serum (TYI) medium to confirm microbiologic cure, were 98.5% and 100% for the groups treated with a single-day split dose and with a single dose, respectively. The side effects were minimal and did not warrant any treatment. The differences in the results were not statistically significant. We recommend that the single-day split dose of 1.6 g of metronidazole regimen be given as an alternative drug for vaginal trichomoniasis. Its advantages include being highly effective, significantly less expensive, and with minimal side effects. To identify the minimum effective single oral dose of metronidazole for trichomoniasis.
                Women attending an inner-city sexually transmitted disease clinic who had Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis diagnosed by microscopy were recruited for this randomized, double-blind study. Subjects were given a 0.5-, 1-, 1.5-, or 2-g single oral dose of metronidazole, taken under direct observation. Demographic information, symptoms, and clinical findings were collected from patient interviews, and physical examinations were conducted at the time of enrollment and at the follow-up visit. The primary outcome measure was treatment success at the follow-up visit, established by negative culture and microscopy.
                Three (1.8%) of the 167 women enrolled were excluded because of vomiting after taking metronidazole, and 66 (40%) of the 164 remaining subjects did not return for the follow-up visit. No associations were found between the proportion of subjects lost to follow-up and the characteristics of these subjects across assignment groups. The treatment success ratio was highest in subjects who received the 1.5-g dose (23, 85%), followed by the 2-g (16, 84%), 1-g (18, 62%), and the 0.5-g dose (8, 35%).
                A single 1.5-g dose of metronidazole has efficacy equivalent to a single 2-g dose for the treatment of T vaginalis vaginitis. The effectiveness of metronidazole (Flagyl) and nimorazole (Naxogin) has been compared by using these drugs in the recommended dosage in alternate patients in a series of 218 consecutive cases of vaginal trichomoniasis. Follow-up tests in 100 patients treated with metronidazole and 97 treated with nimorazole indicated cure-rates of 95 and 82 per cent. respectively. Male consorts were examined and given treatment on epidemiological grounds in about 70 per cent. of both treatment groups. Both drugs were free from significant side-effects. The causes of treatment failure in trichomoniasis are discussed and the desirability of relating dosage to the patient's body-weight is suggested. This factor may be especially important in deciding the dosage given on epidemiological grounds to the male consorts. It may also be an important advantage in the current trend of treating trichomoniasis in both sexes with larger doses over a much shorter time. nan nan nan Fifty-nine women with trichomonal vaginitis were randomly allocated to receive treatment with a single oral dose of either 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g of ornidazole. One week after treatment, a parasitologic cure was observed in 100% of patients treated with 1.5 g, in 95% of patients treated with 1.0 g, and in 65% of patients given 0.5 g. At the one-month follow-up visit, the cure rate remained at 100% for the 1.5-g dose group but dropped to 85 and 45% in the 1.0- and 0.5-g dose groups, respectively. The disappearance of symptomatic complaints was also dose related: the clinical cure was 100, 85, and 40% at the first follow-up visit and 89, 80, and 30% at the second follow-up visit. Adverse effects of mild or moderate severity were reported by 13 patients. These were encountered mostly in the 1.5- and the 1.0-g dose groups. The most frequent adverse effects were dizziness and gastrointestinal distress. Laboratory safety test did not reveal any significant toxicity. This study confirms that single-dose treatment of trichomoniasis with an oral dose of 1.5 or 1.0 g of ornidazole is effective and well tolerated. Successful treatment of infections with Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is difficult because of many confounding factors such as poor abstinence from sex during chemotherapy, lack of standardised chemotherapy, difficulties in understanding transmission patterns and low detection rates among infected individuals. The purpose of this study was to establish the present efficacy of the available drugs at their recommended single or double dosages for Kenya. Adult symptomatic females (age 17-39 years) with positive High Vaginal Swabs but without pregnancy were recruited into the study; and asked to swallow one of the following medicine: nimorazole 2G (Naxogin Farmitalia Carlo Erba, Italy), nimorazole 4G in two equally divided doses 24 hours apart (2GBD), nimorazole 3G, tinidazole 2G (Fasigyn, Pfizer Ltd) and ornidazole 1.5G (Tiberal, Roche, Switzerland). All patients were reviewed 48 hours after the drugs administration and 24 hours after the last dose for the group which received nimorazole 2GBD. 153 patients were recruited into the study. 121 came for follow up out of which 49 were dropped from the study for involvement in sexual intercourse leaving only 72 for the final analysis. Clinical cure was 100% for the group receiving nimorazole 2GBD and nimorazole 3G. Parasitological cure was highest for the group on nimorazole 2GBD (100%) and lowest for the group on tinidazole (50%). Instruction to avoid sex during treatment were withheld from patients. This made it easier during the follow up to pick out and drop from the study those who had had sexual contact.
Parasitological cure can be achieved by single oral dose of nitroimidazole. Further research should focus on developing effective partner treatment strategies to prevent reinfections and reduce trichomoniasis prevalence.