Efficacy of APF treatments without prior toothcleaning targeted to high-risk children. A clinical study of the caries preventive effects of an APF solution and APF thixotropic gel. The effect of a fluoride gel used for supervised toothbrushing 15 or 30 times per year. The effect on dental caries of topically applied acidulated phosphate-fluoride: results after three years. Evaluation of self-administered prophylaxis and supervised toothbrushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride. Effect of professional flossing with NaF or SnF2 gel on approximal caries in 13-16-year-old schoolchildren. The cariostatic effectiveness of a phosphate-fluoride gel administered annually to school children; final results. The anticaries effect of single and combined topical fluoride systems in school children. [Caries limiting effectiveness of newly developed fluoride-containing gels after 3 years clinical use in preschool years]. Clinical anticaries effect of repeated topical sodium fluoride applications by mouthpieces. Effectiveness of fortnightly tooth brushing with amine fluorides in caries-prone subjects. Two-year evaluation of a self-administered procedure for the topical application of acidulated phosphate-fluoride; final report. Fluorides in community programs; a study of four years of various fluorides applied topically to the teeth of children in fluoridated communities. Clinical study of an amine fluoride gel and acidulated phosphate fluoride gel. The caries-preventive effects of full- and half-strength topical acidulated phosphate fluoride. An evaluation of the utility of application and cariostatic effectiveness of phosphate-fluorides in solution and gel states. Observations on dental caries in primary teeth after frequent fluoride toplications in a program involving other preventives. A three-year clinical study to determine the separate and combined caries-inhibiting effects of sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste and an acidulated phosphate-fluoride gel. Incremental rates of dental caries after repeated topical sodium fluoride applications in children with lifelong consumption of fluoridated water. Albany topical fluoride study. Effect on dental caries of self-application of acidulated phosphate fluoride paste and gel.
A clinical field trial was conducted, over a 2-yr period, to evaluate the efficacy of bi-annual APF gel topical applications without previous prophylaxis in reducing dental caries among high-risk children living in non-fluoridated communities. 488 children 6 yr old, presenting at least three cavities on proximal surfaces of their primary teeth, were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group received bi-annual topical APF gel applications and the control group received a placebo. All treatments were given at school without any prior toothcleaning. The APF gel provided a 34.3% reduction in caries incidence (P-value = 0.03) among the children with 3-14 cavities on their primary teeth at the beginning of the study. However, the treatment did not show any efficacy in reducing caries incidence among the higher-risk children having initially more than 14 cavities. These findings suggest that the efficacy of APF gel applications without previous prophylaxis varies according to the individual risk of the subjects and that more comprehensive programs should be targeted to very high-risk children. nan nan nan nan The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of professional flossing with NaF and SnF2 gels on caries development on approximal tooth surfaces. Two-hundred-and-eighty 13-year-old schoolchildren were divided into 3 groups: (1) NaF (n = 97), (2) SnF2 (n = 85), and (3) placebo gel group (n = 98). The investigation was carried out double-blind. The children were treated 4 times a year for 3 years with 1% NaF gel, 1% SnF2 gel, or placebo gel. The treatment was carried out by dental nurses and the time required per visit was approximately 10 min. After 3 years, the mean approximal caries increment, including initial caries lesions, was 2.8 in the NaF, 2.4 in the SnF2, and 4.0 in the placebo gel group (P< 0.05 for SnF2 vs placebo); a reduction compared to the placebo of 30% and 39% in the NaF and SnF2 groups, respectively. Thus, professional flossing with NaF or SnF2 gel carried out 4 times a year may be considered as an interesting caries-preventing method for large-scale application in schoolchildren. nan nan nan nan The aim of this study was to assess the caries incidence and plaque accumulation in schoolchildren at caries risk, after brushing the teeth fortnightly with gels containing 0, 0.4% F, 1.25% F as amine fluoride (AmF) or the common amine fluoride toothpaste containing 0.125% F. The study was conducted double blind over an 18-month period, and after 6 months discontinuation of brushing. Only the group that brushed with the 1.25% AmF gel showed a significant decrease in caries development compared to the group that brushed with the 0.125% AmF toothpaste. During the 6-month discontinuation period, the incidence of caries increased in all groups; the differences in caries development between all groups were not significant. Plaque indices were significantly lower in the AmF-treated groups. The highest fluoride concentration in the gel reduced the development of caries to zero, probably due to increased fluoride levels in the oral milieu of caries risk children. In order to maintain a positive effect of fluoride over an extended time period, caries-prone subjects should continue an initiated fluoride programme. nan nan This study compared caries inhibition in children by an amine fluoride and an acidulated phosphate fluoride when administered in a topically applied gel. In addition, the effects of applying amine fluoride daily and weekly were compared. Four hundred and sixty-eight children, ages 6 to 13, were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups and received a total of five, 5-minute treatments. The treatment and interval between each of the five treatments were as follows:(A)acidulated phosphate fluoride daily, (B) amine fluoride daily, (C) amine fluoride weekly, (D) placebo daily, and (E) placebo weekly. When the children were examined for total Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surfaces (DMFS) increments 2 years later, no significant differences were observed. However, when the data were examined for effects of DMFS for specific tooth surface, significant restriction (61%) of occlusal increment was shown in the group which was treated with amine fluoride daily for 5 consecutive days as compared with the control group. nan nan The anticaries effect of repeated toplications with APF gel was assessed in the primary dentition of 2-6-year-olds after 8, 18 and 28 months. Frequent, but less than daily, topical fluoride therapy appeared to have little effect in pre-school children consuming water-borne fluoride and receiving other traditionally recommended modalities of prevention. nan nan nan nan