Effects of biofeedback on childbirth pain. Use of electromyographic and skin-conductance biofeedback relaxation training of facilitate childbirth in primiparae.
A study of the effects of biofeedback on the pain of childbirth was conducted. Forty primigravidae were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group was given a series of training sessions in biofeedback and used biofeedback equipment during labor. All subjects were monitored during the labor and delivery period for their reports of pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a verbal descriptor scale (VDS). Results showed that women using biofeedback during childbirth reported significantly lower pain: from admission to labor and delivery (p less than 0.05:VDS; p less than 0.01:VAS), at delivery (p less than 0.005:VDS), and 24-hr postpartum (p less than 0.01:VDS). Also, women in the biofeedback group labored an average of 2 hr less and used 30% fewer medications. The results of this study suggest that EMG biofeedback may be effective in reducing levels of acute pain experienced by childbearing women. Matched groups of primigravid women received one of three antenatal training programmes: normal antenatal classes, normal classes plus electromyography biofeedback relaxation training, or normal classes plus skin-conductance biofeedback relaxation training. Myographic training was found to be effective within conventional antenatal constraints, whereas skin-conductance training was not. The women reported use of biofeedback training and related skills to be of some benefit during early labour. However, no difference between effectively trained electromyographic, ineffectively trained skin-conductance and control groups was found on labour and delivery performance measures.