Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, MS 173, ff. 1v-32r.\nintroduction to go here: about the Chronicles; manuscripts, history, etc\nWhat I would like to do is to present a text as close to what the original scribes wrote as\npossible. That is, I want to try to re-wind some of the later scribal "corrections". I won't\nignore them, they will be relegated to notes, or will be secondary to main text. Generally,\nI will follow Bately's readings, as this is the most recent edition of the Parker MS.\nHowever, this wish to present an "uncorrected" text has a few problems: what is a later\ncorrection? a scribe writing an 11th century entry might well alter, say, a 9th century\nentry. Should I attempt to re-wind this type of change? Markup Conventions\nThe following general conventions have been followed:\nUse of Capitals and punctuation is conventional (at present punctuation and\ncapitalisation is not consistent).\ne-caudata has been represented by æ.\nThe OE characters wynn and yogh have been represented by w and g\nbold indicates restored material, particularly in the annal 1031.\nTironian "and" has been represented as 7.\nall other abbreviations have been silently expanded.\nWhere there have been small scale emendments by a later scribe, then the emended word(s) will\nhave a link to an explanatory note. Where there is a larger scale emendment, then the following\nconvention will be used:\nSome text by main scribe for this section. Some text by the main scribe, erased by someone.\n[Hand xx: some text by an emending scribe].\nIn many places where I have restored erased entries, the entry is only partly readable. In\nthese cases the restored entry is supplemented from *G.\nThe Acta Landfranci, and the papal and episcopal list have not been\nThe text has been checked once. I need to check it again!\nThe translation is not yet available.\nThe Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, vol 3: MS A\ned. J.M.Bately. ISBN 0 85991103 9\nTwo of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel, ...\ned. Charles Plummer, two vols: 1892 and 1899.\nÞA GEARE ÞE WÆS AGAN FRAM CRISTES ACENnesse .cccc. wintra 7\n.xciiii. uuintra, þa Cerdic 7 Cynric his sunu cuom up æt Cerdicesoran\nmid .v. scipum; 7 se Cerdic wæs Elesing, Elesa Esling, Esla Gewising, Giwis\nWiging, Wig Freawining, Freawine Friþugaring, Friþugar Bronding,\nBrond Bældæging, Bældæg Wodening. Ond þæs ymb .vi.\ngear þæs þe hie up cuomon geeodon Westseaxna rice, 7 þæt\nuuærun þa ærestan cyningas þe Westseaxna lond on Wealum\ngeeodon; 7 he hæfde þæt rice .xvi. gear, 7 þa he gefor,\nþa feng his sunu Cynric to þam rice 7 heold .xvii. winter.\nÞa he gefor, þa feng Ceol to þam rice 7 heold .vi. gear.\nÞa he gefor, þa feng Ceolwulf to his broþur, 7 he ricsode .xvii. gear,\n7 hiera cyn gæþ to Cerdice.\nÞa feng Cynegils Ceolwulfes broþur\nsunu to rice 7 ricsode .xxxi. wintra, 7 he onfeng ærest fulwihte\nWesseaxna cyninga, 7 þa feng Cenwalh to 7 heold .xxxi. wintra, 7\nse Cenwalh wæs Cynegilses sunu; 7 þa heold Seaxburg his cuen\nan gear þæt rice æfter him.\nÞa feng Æscwine to rice, þæs cyn gæþ to Cerdice,\n7 heold .ii. gear.\nÞa feng Centwine to Wesseaxna rice Cynegilsing 7 ricsode .vii. gear.\nÞa feng Ceadwalla to þam rice, þæs cyn gæþ to Cerdice,\n7 heold .iii. gear.\nÐa feng Ine to Seaxna rice, þæs cyn gæþ to Ceardice,\n7 heold .xxxvii. wintra.\nÞa feng Æelheard to, þæs cyn gæþ to Ceardice,\n7 heold .xiiii. winter. Þa feng Cuþred to, þæs cyn gæþ to Cerdice,\n7 heold .xvii. gear. Þa feng Sigebryht to, þæs cyn gæþ to Cerdice,\n7 heold an gear. Þa feng Cynewulf to rice, þæs cyn gæþ to Ceardice,\n7 heold .xxxi. wintra. Þa feng Beorhtric to rice, þæs cyn gæþ to Cerdice,\n7 heold .xvi. gear. Þa feng Ecgbryht to þam rice 7 heold .xxxvii. wintra 7 .vii. monaþ,\n7 feng þa Æþelwulf his sunu to 7 heold nigonteoðe healf gear. Se Æþelwulf wæs Ecgbryhting, Ecgbryht Ealhmunding, Ealhmund Eafing, Eafa Eopping,\nEoppa Ingilding, Ingild Cenreding, 7 Ine Cenreding 7 Cuþburg Cenreding 7\nCuenburg Cenreding, Cenred Ceolwalding, Ceolwald Cuþwulfing,\nCuþwulf Cuþwining, Cuþwine Celming, Celm Cynricing, Cynric Cerdicing.\nOnd þa feng Æþelbald his sunu to rice 7 heold .v. gear.\nÞa feng Æþelbryht his broþur to 7 heold .v. gear.\nÞa feng Æþered hiera broþur to rice, 7 heold .v. gear.\nÞa feng Ælfred hiera broþur to rice, 7 þa was agan his\nielde .xxiii. wintra 7 .ccc. 7 .xcvi. wintra þæs þe his cyn\nærest Westseaxna lond on Wealum geeodon.\nAER Cristes geflæscnesse .lx. wintra, Gaius Iulius se casere ærest\nRomana Bretenlond gesohte 7 Brettas mid gefeohte cnysede 7 hie oferswiþde\n7 swa þeah ne meahte þær rice gewinnan.\nOctauianus ricsode .lxvi. wintra, 7 on þam .lxii.\ngeare his rices Crist wæs acenned.\nÞa tungelwitgan of eastdæle cuomon to þon þæt\nhie Crist weorþedon 7 þa cild on Bethlem ofslægene\nwærun for Cristes ehtnesse from Herode.\nFrom frymþe middangeardes oþ þis gear wæron agan .v. þusendu\nwintra 7 .cc. wintra.\nHer wæs Crist gefulluhtud 7 Petrus 7 Andreas gehwierfede 7 Iacobus 7\nIohannes 7 Phillipus 7 þa .xii. apostolas.\nHer wæs Crist ahangen, from fruman middangeardes ymb .v. þusendo wintra\n7 .cc. 7 .xxvi. wintra.\nHer se eadiga Petrus se apostol gesæt biscepsetl in Antiochia\nHer Claudius oþer Romana cyninga Bretene lond gesohte 7 þone mæstan\ndæl þæs ealondes on his gewald onfeng, 7 eac swelce Orcadus þa\nealond Romana cynedome underþeodde. Þis was þes feorðes geares\nhis rices, 7 on þys ylcan geare gewearð se mycela hunger on Siria þe Lucas\nrecð on þare boc Actus Apostolorum.\nHer Titus feng to rice, se þe sæde þæt he þone\ndæg forlure þe he noht to gode on ne gedyde.\nHer Marcus Antonius 7 Aurelius his broðer fengon to rice.\nHer Eleutherius on Rome onfeng biscepdome 7 þone wuldorfæstlice\n.xv. winter geheold. To þam Lucius Bretene kyning sende stafas, bæd\nþæt he wære cristen gedon, 7 he þurhteah þæt\nhe bæd. [Hand 8: 7 hi syððon wunodon on rihton geleauon oððe\nDiaclitianes rice. ]\nHer Seuerus onfeng rice 7 ricsode .xvii. winter, se Bretenlond mid dice begyrdde\nfrom sæ oþ sæ. [Hand 8: 7 þa geendode on Euerwic, 7 Bassianus\nhis sunu feng to rice. ]\nHer Maximianus se casere feng to rice -- he wæs on Bretenlonde geboren -- 7 þonne\nfor in Gallia [Hand 8: 7 he ðar ofsloh ðone casere Gratianum 7 his broðer adraf\nof æðele, se was gehaten Ualentinianus, 7 se Ualentinianus eft gesamnode\nwerod 7 ofsloh Maximum 7 feng to rice. On þam timan aras Pelagies gedwyld\ngeond middaneard. ]\nHer Gotan abræcon Romeburg, 7 næfre siþan Romane ne ricsodon on Bretone.\n[Hand 8: Þæt wæs embe .xi. hund wintra 7 .x. wintra þes þe heo\ngetimbred was. Ealles hi ðær rixodon on Brytene feower hund wintra 7\nhund seouanti wintra syþþan ærost Gaius Iulius þæt land\nærost gesohte. ]\nHer Romane gesomnodon al þa goldhord þe on Bretene wæron 7\nsume on eorþan ahyddon þæt hie nænig mon siþþan\nfindan ne meahte 7 sume mid him on Gallia læddon.\nHer Paladius se biscep wæs onsended to Scottum þæt he hiera\ngeleafan trymede from Cælestino þam papan.\n[Hand 8: Her sendon Brytwalas to Rome 7 heom fultomes bædon wiþ Piohtas, ac hi\nþar næfdan nanne, forþan ðe hi fyrdedon wið Ætla Huna\ncyningæ, 7 þa sendon hi to Anglum 7 Angelcynnes æðelingas\nðæs ylcan bædon. ]\nHer Mauricius 7 Ualentines onfengon rice 7 ricsodon .vii. winter.\n7 On hiera dagum Hengest 7 Horsa from Wyrtgeorne geleaþade Bretta kyninge gesohton Bretene on þam staþe þe is genemned Ypwinesfleot, ærest Brettum to fultume, ac hie eft on hie fuhton. [Hand 8: Se cing het hi feohtan agien Pihtas, 7 hi swa dydan 7 sige hæfdan\nswa hwar swa hi comon. Hi ða sende to Angle 7 heton heom sendan mare fultum 7\nheom seggan Brytwalana nahtnesse 7 ðæs landes cysta. Hy ða sendan heom mare fultum.\nÞa comon þa menn of þrim mægþum Germanie, of Ealdseaxum,\nof Anglum, of Iotum. Of Iotum comon Cantware 7 Wihtware, þæt ys seo\nmæið ðe nu eardað on Wiht, 7 ðæt cynn on Westsexum þe\nman gyt hæt Iutna cyn. Of Ealdseaxon comon Eastsexa 7 Suðsexa 7 WestSexan.\nOf Angle comon, se a siððan stod westi betwyx Iutum 7 Seaxum, Eastengla,\nMidelangla, Mearca 7 ealle Norðhymbra. ]\nHer Hengest 7 Horsa fuhton wiþ Wyrtgeorne þam cyninge, in þære stowe þe is gecueden Agælesþrep, 7 his broþur Horsan man ofslog; 7 æfter þam Hengest feng\nto rice 7 Æsc his sunu.\nHer Hengest 7 Æsc fuhton wiþ Brettas in\nþe is gecueden Crecganford 7 þær ofslogon .iiiim. wera, 7 þa Brettas þa forleton Centlond 7 mid micle ege flugon to Lundenbyrg.\nHer Hengest 7 Æsc gefuhton uuiþ Walas neah Wippedesfleote\n7 þær .xii. wilisce aldormenn ofslogon, 7 hiera þegn an þær wearþ ofslægen,\nþam wæs noma Wipped.\nHer Hengest 7 Æsc gefuhton wiþ Walas 7 genamon\nunarimedlico herereaf, 7 þa Walas flugon þa Englan swa þær fyr.\nHer cuom Ælle on Bretenlond 7 his .iii. suna, Cymen 7 Wlencing\n7 Cissa, mid .iii. scipum on þa stowe þe is nemned\nCymenesora, 7 þær ofslogon monige Wealas 7 sume on\nfleame bedrifon on þone wudu þe is genemned Andredesleage.\nHer Ælle gefeaht wiþ Walas neah Mearcrædesburnan\nHer Ælle 7 Cissa ymbsæton Andredescester 7 ofslogon\nalle þa þe þærinne eardedon; ne wearþ þær forþon an Bret to lafe.\nHer cuomon twegen aldormen on Bretene, Cerdic 7 Cynric his sunu, mid\n.v. scipum in þone stede þe is gecueden Cerdicesora 7\nþy ilcan dæge gefuhton wiþ Walum.\nHer cuom Port on Bretene 7 his .ii. suna Bieda 7 Mægla mid .ii.\nscipum on þære stowe þe is gecueden Portesmuþa\n7 ofslogon anne giongne brettiscmonnan, swiþe æþelne monnan.\nHer Cerdic 7 Cynric ofslogon ænne brettisccyning, þam\nwas nama Natanleod, 7 .v. þusendu wera mid him. Æfter was þæt lond nemned Natanleaga oþ Cerdicesford.\nHer cuomon Westseaxe in Bretene mid .iii. scipum in þa\nstowe þe is\ngecueden Cerdicesora, 7 Stuf 7 Wihtgar, 7 fuhton wiþ Brettas 7\nHer Cerdic 7 Cynric [Hand 8: Westsexena ] rice onfengun on þy ilcan geare\nhie fuhton wiþ Brettas þær mon nu nemneþ Cerdicesford. [Hand 8b: 7 siþþan ricsadan Westsexana cynebearn of þan\nHer Cerdic 7 Cynric fuhton wiþ Brettas in þære\nstowe þe is gecueden Cerdicesleaga.\nHer Cerdic 7 Cynric genamon Wihte ealond 7 ofslogon feala men on\nHer Cerdic forþferde, 7 Cynric his sunu ricsode forþ\n.xxvi. wintra; 7 hie saldon hiera tuæm nefum Stufe 7\nWihtgare eall Wiehte ealond.\nHer sunne aþiestrode .xiiii. dagum ær kalendas Martii from ærmergenne\nHer sunne aþiestrode on .xii. kalendas Iulius, 7 steorran hie oðiewdon fulneah\nhealfe tid ofer undern.\nHer Ida feng to rice, þonon Norþanhymbra cynecyn onwoc [Hand 8: 7 rixode twelf gear.\n7 he timbrode Bebbanburh. seo wæs ærost mid hegge betyned. 7 þaræfter\nmid wealle. ]\nIda wæs Eopping, Eoppa wæs Esing, Esa Inguing. Ingui Angenwiting.\nAngenwit Aloching. Aloc Beonocing. Beonoc Branding, Brand Bældæging.\nBældæg Wodening. Woden Friþowulfing, Friþowulf Finning.\nFinn Godwulfing. Godwulf Geating.\nHer Cynric gefeaht wiþ Brettas in þære stowe þe is genemned æt Searobyrg. 7 þa Bretwalas gefliemde.\nCerdic wæs Cynrices fæder. Cerdic Elesing. Elesa Esling. Esla Gewising.\nGewis Wiging. Wig Freawining. Freawine Friþogaring. Friþogar Branding.\nBrand Bældæging. Bældæg Wodening.\nHer Ceawlin feng to rice on Wesseaxum, 7 ælle feng to Norþanhymbra rice\n7 heold .xxx.wintra. Ælle wæs Yffing. Yffe Uscfreaing. Uscfrea Wilgisling. Wilgisl Westerfalcning.\nWesterfalcna Sæfugling. Sæfugl Sæbalding. Sæbald Sigegeating.\nSigegeat Swæfdæging. Swæfdæg Sigegearing. Sigegear Wægdæging.\nWægdæg Wodening. Woden Friþowulfing. [Hand 8: rice, Idan forðgefarenum. 7 heora ægðer rixade .xxx. wintra.]\nHer Columba mæssepreost of Scottum com in Brettas to lærenne Peohtas 7 in\nHi þam ealonde mynster worhte.\n[Hand 8: Her feng Æðelbriht to Cantwara rice. 7 heold .liii. wintra.\nOn his dagum sende Gregorius us fulluht 7 Columba mæssepreost com to Pihtum.\n7 hi gecyrde to Cristes geleauan. Þæt synd þonne wærteras\nbe norðum morum. 7 heora cyng him gesealde þæt igland þe man\nIi nemnað. þar syndon fif hida. þæs ðe man seggað. Þar\nse Columban getimbrade mynster, 7 he þarr wæs abbod .xxxii. wintra\n7 þar forðferde. þa he was .lxxvii. wintra. Ða stowe habbað gyt his yrfnuman.\nSuþ Pihtas wæron ær gefullode of Ninna biscope. se was on Rome gelæred.\nHis mynster ys Hwiterne on Sanctus Martines naman gehalgod. þar he resteð mid manegum halgum.\nNu sceal beon æfre on Ii abbod, 7 na biscop. 7 þan sculon beon underðeodde ealle Scotta biscopas. for þan þe Columban was abbod, na biscop. ]\nHer Ceaulin 7 Cuþa gefuhton wiþ Æþelbryht. 7 hine in Cent gefliemdon,\n7 tuegen aldormen on Wibban dune ofslogon, Oslaf 7 Cnebban.\nHer Cuþwulf feaht wiþ Bretwalas æt Bedcan forda. 7 .iiii. tunas genom, Lygeanburg. 7 ægelesburg. Benningtun. 7 Egonesham.\n7 þy ilcan geare he gefor.\nHer Ceawlin 7 Cuþa fuhton wiþ Brettas, in þam stede þe mon nemneþ Feþanleag. 7 Cuþan mon ofslog.\n7 Ceaulin monige tunas genom, 7 unarimedlice herereaf, 7 ierre he hwearf þonan to his agnum.\nHer micel wælfill wæs æt Woddes beorge, 7 Ceawlin wæs ut adrifen.\n[Hand 8: 7 Gregorius feng to papdome on Rome. ]\nHer Ceawlin 7 Cuichelm 7 Crida forwurdon, 7 æþelfriþ feng to rice\n[Hand 8: on Norðhymbrum. ]\n[Hand 8: Her Gregorius papa sende to Brytene Augustinum. mid wel manegum munecum. þe Godes\nword Engla ðeoda godspelledon. ]\nHer Gregorius papa sende to Bretene Augustinum. mid wel monegum munecum. þa Godes\nword Engla þeode godspellian.\nHer wæs gefeoht æt Egesan stane.\n[Hand 8: Ægþan Scotta cyng feaht wið Dælreoda, 7 wið æðelferþe\nNorþhymra cynge æt Dægstane, 7 man ofsloh mæst ealne his here. ]\nHer East Seaxe onfengon geleafan 7 fulwihtes bæð. under Sæbryhte cyninge\n[Hand 8: Augustinus gehalgode .ii. biscopas. Mellitum 7 Iustum.\nMellitum he sende to bodiende East Seaxum fulluht. ðar was se cing gehaten Sæbyrht. Ricolan sunu. æðelberhtes swyster. ðone æðelbyrht gesette to cynge.\n7 æðelberht gesealde Mellite biscopsetl on Lundewic. 7 Iusto on Hrouecystre. seo ys .xxiiii. mila fram Dorwitceastre. ]\nHer forþferde Gregorius ymb .x. gear þæs þe he us fulwiht sende\n7 his fæder wæs haten Gordianus\n[Hand 8: And her Æðelfrið lædde his færde to Legercyestre,\n7 ðar ofsloh unrim Walena.\n7 swa wearþ gefyld Augustinus witegunge. þe he cwæþ. Gif Wealas nellað sibbe wið\nus. hi sculan æt Seaxana handa farwurþan.\nÞar man sloh eac .cc. preosta ða comon ðyder þæt hi scoldon gebiddan for Walena here.\nScrocmail was gehaten heora ealdormann. se atbærst ðanon fiftiga sum. ]\nHer Cynegils feng to rice on Wesseaxum, 7 heold .xxxi. wintra.\nCynegils wæs Ceoling. Ceol Cuþaing. Cuþa Cynricing.\nHer Cynegils 7 Cuichelm gefuhton on Beandune, 7 ofslogon .ii. þusendo\nWala 7 .lxvi.\nHer Æþelbryht Contwara cyning forþferde, 7 Eadbald his sunu feng to rice.\n7 þy ilcan geare wæs agan fram frymþe middangeardes fif\nþusendu wintra 7 .dccc.\n[Hand 8: Se forlet his fulluht, 7 leouode on hæðenum þeawe\nswa þæt he hæfde his fæder laue to wiue.\nÞa mynte Laurentius ðe þa was ercebiscop on Cent þæt\nhe wolde suð ofer sæ 7 eall forlæton.\nAc him com to on niht se apostol Petrus 7 hine hetelice swang, forðan ðe he wolde Godes hyrde forlæton 7 het hine gan to þam cynge 7 bodian him rihtne geleafan.\n7 he swa dyde 7 se cing gecyrde to rihtan geleauan.\nOn þyses cinges dagum Laurentius ercebiscop se was on Cent æfter Agustine forþferde .iiii. nonas Februarii 7 he was bebyred be Agustine.\nÆfter him feng Mellitus to arcebiscopdome se was biscop of Lundene 7 þas binnan fif wintre Mellitus forðferde.\nÞa æfter him feng to arcebiscopdome Iustus, se was biscop of Hrouecistre, 7 þar to gehalgode Romanum to biscope. ]\nHer Eanflæd Edwines dohtor cyninges wæs gefulwad in þone halgan æfen Pentecosten; 7 Penda hæfde .xxx. wintra rice. 7 he hæfde .L. wintra þa þa he to rice feng.\nPenda wæs Pybbing. Pybba Cryding. Cryda Cynewolding. Cynewold Cnebbing. Cnebba Iceling. Icel Eomæring. Eomær Angelþeowing. Angelþeow Offing. Offa Wærmunding. Wærmund Wihtlæging. Wihtlæg Wodening.\nHer Redbald Cantwara cyning forþferde, 7 he ricsode .xxv. wintra.\n[Hand 8c: He hæfde twegene sunu Ermenred 7 Ercenberht.\n7 þes Ercenberht rixode æfter his fæder. 7 Ermenred gestrynde twegen sunu. þa syððan wurðan gemartirode of Ðunore. ]\nHer Penda forwearþ, 7 Mierce wurdon Cristne.\nÞa was agan from fruman middangeardes .v. þusendo wintra. 7 .dccc. 7 .l. wintra.\n7 Peada feng to Mercna rice. Pending.\nHer Cenwalh gefeaht æt Peonnum wiþ Walas, 7 hie gefliemde oþ Pedridan; þis wæs gefohten siþþan he of East Englum com.\nHe wæs þær .iii. gear on wrece, hæfde hine Penda adrifenne, 7 rices benumenne. forþon he his swostor anforlet.\nHer Cenwalh gefeaht in Eastron on Posentesbyrg, 7 gehergeade Wulfhere Pending oþ æscesdune; 7 Cuþred Cuichelming, 7 Coenbryht cyning on anum geare forþferdun; 7 on Wiht gehergade Wulfhere Pending, 7 gesalde Wihtwaran æþelwalde Suþ Seaxna cyninge. forþon Wulfhere hine onfeng æt fulwihte.\n7 Eoppa mæssepreost. be Wilferþes worde 7 Wulfhere cyning brohte Wihtwarum fulwiht ærest.\nHer sunne aþiestrode, 7 Arcenbryht Cantwara cyng forþferde; 7 Colman mid his geferum for to his cyððe.\nÞy ilcan geare wæs micel mancuealm; 7 Ceadda 7 Wilferþ wæron gehadode, 7 þy ilcan geare Deusdedit forþferde.\nHer oþiewde cometa se steorra.\n7 Wilfriþ biscop wæs adrifen of his biscopdome from Ecgferþe cyninge.\nHer Ceadwalla ongan æfter rice winnan; Se Ceadwalla was Coenbryhting. Coenbryht Cading, Cadda Cuþaing, Cuþa Ceawlining, Ceawlin Cynricing, Cynric Cerdicing; 7 Mul was Ceadwallan broþur, 7 þone mon eft on Cent forbærnde;\n7 þy ilcan geare Ecgferþ cyning mon ofslog; Se Ecgferþ was Osweoing, Osweo æþelferþing, æþelferþ æþelricing, æþelric Iding, Ida Eopping; 7 Hloþhere þy ilcan geare forþferde.\nHer Ine feng to Wesseaxna rice, 7 heold .xxxvii. wintra.\n[Hand 6: 7 he getimbrade þæt menster æt Glæstingabyrig. ]\n7 þy ilcan geare Ceadwalla for to Rome, 7 fulwihte onfeng\nfrom þam papan, 7 se papa hine heht Petrus. 7 ymb .vii. niht he forþferde.\nÞonne was se Ine Cenreding, Cenred Ceolwalding, Ceolwald was\nCynegilses broþur, 7 þa wæron Cuþwines\nsuna Ceaulininges, Ceaulin Cynricing, Cynric Cerdicing.\nHer þeodorius ærcebiscop forþferde, 7 feng Beorhtwald to þam biscepdome.\nÆr wærun Romanisce biscepas, siþþan wærun Englisce.\nHer Aldhelm biscep forþferde, se wæs be westan wuda biscep, 7 wæs todæled in foreweardum Danieles dagum in tua biscepscira West Seaxna lond, 7 ær hit wæs an. oþer heold Daniel, oþer Aldhelm;\nÆfter Aldhelme feng Forþhere to; 7 Ceolred feng to Miercna rice, 7 Coenred for to Rome 7 Offa mid him.\nHer Osred Norþanhymbra cyning wearþ ofslægen, se hæfde .vii. winter rice æfter Aldferþe; þa feng Coenred to rice, 7 heold .ii. gear; þa Osric 7 heold .xi. gear;\n7 on þam ilcan geare Ceolred Miercna cyning forþferde, 7 his lic resteþ on Licetfelda, 7 æþelrædes Pendinges on Bearddanigge; 7 þa feng Æþelbald to rice on Mercium, 7 heold .xli. wintra Æþelbald wæs Alweoing, Alweo Eawing, Eawa Pybing, þæs cyn is beforan awriten;\n7 Ecgbryht se arwierþa wer on Hii þam ealonde þa munecas on ryht gecierde. þæt hie Eastron onryht heoldon, 7 þa ciriclecan scare.\nHer Æþelburg cuen towearp Tantun 7 Ine ær timbrede; 7 Aldbryht wræccea gewat on Suþrige 7 on Suþ Seaxe; 7 Ine ge\nfeaht wiþ Suþ Seaxum.\nHer Wihtræd Cantwara cyning forþferde. þæs cyn is beforan.\n[Hand 8c: 7 Eadberht feng to Centrice. ]\n7 Ine feaht wiþ Suþ Seaxan, 7 þær ofslog Aldbryht.\nHer Ine ferde to Rome.\n[Hand 6: 7 þær his feorh gesealde ]\n7 feng æþelheard to Wesseaxna rice 7 heold .xiiii. gear.\n7 þy geare gefuhton æþelheard 7 Oswald se æþeling; 7 se Oswald was æþelbalding, æþelbald Cynebalding, Cynebald Cuþwining, Cuþwine Ceaulining.\nHer was ofslægen Osric Norþanhymbra cyning, 7 feng Ceoluulf to þam rice, 7 heold .viii. gear. 7 se Ceolwulf wæs Cuþaing, Cuþa Cuþwining, Cuþwine Leodwalding. Leodwald Ecgwalding, Ecgwald Aldhelming, Aldhelm Ocging, Ocga Iding, Ida Eopping;\n7 Beorhtwald ærcebiscep gefor; 7 þy ilcan geare Tatwine wæs gehalgod to ærcebiscepe.\nHer wæs ofslægen Cynric Wesseaxna æþeling, 7 Eadbryht Cantwara cyning forþferde.\n[Hand 8c: 7 æthelbyrht Wihtredes sunu cinges feng to þam rice. ]\nHer Cuþred cyning gefeaht uuiþ Æþelhun þone\nHer Cuþred gefeaht þy .xii. geare his rices æt Beorgfeorda\nHer Cuþred forþferde, 7 Cyneheard onfeng biscepdome æfter\nHunferþe on Wintanceastre; 7 Cantwaraburg forbærn þy geare\n7 Sigebryht feng to Wesseaxna rice 7 heold an gear.\nHer Cynewulf benam Sigebryht his rices 7 West Seaxna wiotan for unryhtum dædum buton Hamtunscire 7 he hæfde þa oþ he ofslog þone aldormon þe him lengest wunode 7 hiene þa Cynewulf on Andred adræfde 7 he þær wunade oþ þæt hiene an swan ofstang æt Pryfetesflodan\n7 he wræc þone aldormon Cumbran 7 se Cynewulf oft\nmiclum gefeohtum feaht uuiþ Bretwalum 7 ymb .xxxi. wintra þæs þe he rice hæfde he wolde\nadræfan anne æþeling se was Cyneheard haten 7 se Cyneheard wæs þæs Sigebryhtes broþur 7 þa geascode he þone cyning lytle werode on wifcyþþe on Merantune 7 hine þær berad 7 þone bur utan beeode ær hine þa men onfunden þe mid þam kyninge wærun 7 þa ongeat se cyning þæt 7 he on þa duru eode 7 þa unheanlice hine werede oþ he on þone æþeling locude 7 þa utræsde on hine 7 hine miclum gewundode. 7 hie alle on þone Cyning wærun feohtende oþ þæt hie hine ofslægenne hæfdon 7 þa on þæs wifes gebærum onfundon þæs cyninges þegnas þa unstilnesse 7 þa þider urnon swa hwelc swa þonne gearo wearþ 7 radost 7 hiera se æþeling gehwelcum feoh 7 feorh gebead 7 hiera nænig hit geþicgean nolde'. Ac hie simle feohtende wæran oþ hie alle lægon butan anum Bryttiscum gisle 7 se swiþe gewundad wæs. Þa on morgenne gehierdun þæt þæs cyninges þegnas þe him beæftan wærun þæt se cyning ofslægen wæs þa ridon hie þider 7 his aldormon Osric 7 Wiferþ his þegn 7 þa men þe he beæftan him læfde ær 7\nþone æþeling on þære byrig metton þær se cyning ofslægen læg 7 þa gatu him to belocen hæfdon 7 þa þærto eodon 7 þa gebead he him hiera agenne dom feos 7 londes gif hie him þæs rices uþon 7 him cyþdon þæt hiera mægas him mid wæron þa þe him from noldon 7 þa cuædon hie þæt him nænig mæg leofra nære þonne hiera hlaford 7 hie næfre his banan folgian noldon 7 þa budon hie hiera mægum þæt hie gesunde\nfrom eodon 7 hie cuædon þæt tæt ilce hiera geferum geboden wære þe ær mid þam cyninge wærun þa cuædon hie þæt hie hie þæs ne onmunden þon ma þe eowre geferan þe mid þam cyninge ofslægene wærun. 7 hie þa ymb þa gatu feohtende wæron oþ þæt hie þærinne fulgon 7 þone æþeling ofslogon 7 þa men þe him\nmid wærun alle butan anum se wæs þæs aldormonnes godsunu 7 he his feorh generede 7 þeah he wæs oft gewundad. 7 se Cynewulf ricsode .xxxi. wintra 7 his lic liþ æt Wintanceastre 7 þæs æþlinges æt Ascanmynster 7 hiera ryhtfæder cyn gæþ to Cerdice 7 þy ilcan geare mon ofslog Æþelbald Miercna cyning on Seccandune 7 his lic liþ on Hreopadune 7 Beornræd feng to rice 7 lytle hwile heold 7 ungefealice 7 þy ilcan geare Offa feng to rice 7 heold .xxxviiii. wintra 7 his sunu Egferþ heold .xli. daga 7 .c. daga.\nSe Offa wæs Þincgferþing Þincgferþ Eanwulfing,\nEanwulf Osmoding, Osmod Eawing, Eawa Pybing, Pybba Creoding, Creoda Cynewalding, Cynewald Cnebing, Cnebba Iceling,\nIcel Eomæring, Eomær Angelþowing, Angelþeow\nOffing, Offa Wærmunding, Wærmund Wyhtlæging, Wihtlæg Wodening. <translation>\nHer Æþelbryht Cantwara cyning forþferde\n[Hand 8d: se was Wihtredes cinges sunu. ]\nHer Ianbryht wæs gehadod to ærcebiscepe on þone feowertegan dæg ofer midne winter. <translation>\nHer Iaenbryht ærcebiscep onfeng pallium. <translation>\nHer Milred biscep forþferde. <translation>\nHer oþiewde read Cristesmæl on hefenum æfter sunnan setlgonge; 7 þy geare gefuhton Mierce 7 Cantware æt Ottanforda; 7 wunderleca nædran wæron gesewene on Suþ Seaxna londe. <translation>\nHer Cynewulf 7 Offa gefuhton ymb Benesingtun 7 Offa nam þone tuun. <translation>\nHer Ald Seaxe 7 Francan gefuhtun. <translation>\nHer wæs geflitfullic senoþ æt Cealchyþe, 7 Iaenbryht ærcebiscep forlet sumne dæl his biscepdomes, 7 from Offan kyninge Hygebryht wæs gecoren, 7 Ecgferþ to cyninge gehalgod. <translation>\nHer nom Beorhtric cyning Offan dohtor Eadburge; 7 on his dagum cuomon ærest .iii. scipu, 7 þa se gerefa þærto rad, 7 hie wolde drifan to þæs cyninges tune þy he nyste hwæt hie wæron; 7 hiene mon ofslog; Þæt wæron þa ærestan scipu Deniscra monna þe Angelcynnes lond gesohton. <translation>\nHer Iaenbryht ærcebiscep forþferde, 7 þy ilcan geare wæs gecoren æþelheard abbud to biscepe. <translation>\nHer Offa Miercna cyning het æþelbryhte rex þæt heafod ofaslean. <translation>\nHer Adrianus papa 7 Offa cyning forþferdon; 7 æþelred Norþanhymbra cyning wæs ofslægen from his agenre þeode, 7 Ceolwulf biscep 7 Eadbald biscep of þæm londe aforon; 7 Ecgferþ feng to Miercna rice. 7 þy ilcan geare forþferde; 7 Eadbryht onfeng rice on Cent. þam was oþer noma nemned Præn. <translation>\nHer Ceolwulf Miercna cyning oferhergeade Cantware oþ Mersc, 7 gefengun Praen hiera cyning, 7 gebundenne hine on Mierce læddon; <translation>\nHer Romane Leone þæm papan his tungon forcurfon, 7 his eagan astungon, 7 hine of his setle afliemdon; 7 þa sona eft Gode fultomiendum he meahte geseon 7 sprecan, 7 eft was papa swa he ær wæs. <translation>\nHer æþelheard ærcebiscep 7 Cynebryht Wesseaxna biscep foron to Rome. <translation>\nHer Beorhtric cyning forþferde 7 Worr aldormon; 7 Ecgbryht feng to Wesseaxna rice; 7 þy ilcan dæge rad æþelmund aldor\nman of Hwiccium ofer æt Cynemæresforda, þa mette hine Weoxstan aldorman mid Wilsætum; þær wearþ micel gefeoht, 7 þær begen ofslægene þa aldormen, 7 Wilsætan namon sige. <translation>\nHer wæs gehadod Beornmod biscep to Hrofesceastre. <translation>\nHer æþelheard ærcebiscep forþferde, 7 Wulfred wæs to ærcebiscepe gehadod, 7 Forþred abbud forþferde. <translation>\nHer Wulfred ærcebiscep pallium onfeng. <translation>\nHer Cuþred cyning forþferde on Cantwarum, 7 Ceolburg abbudesse, 7 Heabryht aldorman. <translation>\nHer Carl cyning forþferde, 7 he ricsode .xlv. wintra. 7 Wulfred arcebiscep 7 Wigbryht Wesseaxna biscep foron begen to Rome; <translation>\nHer Wulfred ærcebiscep mid bledsunge þæs papan Leon hwearf eft to his agnum biscepdome; 7 þy geare gehergade Ecgbryht cyning on West Walas from easteweardum oþ westewearde. <translation>\nHer Leo se æþela papa 7 se halga forþferde, 7 æfter him Stephanus feng to rice. <translation>\nHer Stephanus papa forþferde, 7 æfter him was Paschalis to papan gehadod; 7 þy ilcan geare forborn Ongolcynnes scolu. <translation>\nHer Cenwulf Miercna cyning forþferde, 7 Ceolwulf feng to rice, 7 Eadbryht aldormon forþferde. <translation>\nHer wearþ Ceolwulf his rices besciered. <translation>\nHer tuegen aldormen wurdon ofslægene, Burghelm 7 Muca; 7 senoþ wæs æt Clofeshoo. <translation>\nHer wæs Wala gefeoht 7 Defna æt Gafulforda 7 þy ilcan geare gefeaht Ecbryht cyning 7 Beornwulf cyning on Ellendune 7 Ecgbryht sige nam 7 þær wæs micel wæl geslægen. Þa sende he Æþlwulf his sunu of þære fierde 7 Ealhstan his biscep 7 Wulfheard his aldormon to Cent micle werede 7 hie Baldred þone cyning norþ ofer Temese adrifon 7 Cantware him to cirdon 7 Suþrige 7 SuþSeaxe\n7 EastSeaxe þy hie from his mægum ær mid unryhte anidde wærun 7 þy ilcan geare EastEngla cyning 7 seo þeod gesohte Ecgbryht cyning\nhim to friþe 7 to mundboran for Miercna ege 7 þy geare slogon EastEngle Beornwulf Miercna cyning.\nHer Ludecan Miercna cyning 7 his .v. aldormen mon ofslog mid him 7 Wiiglaf feng to rice. <translation>\nHer mona aþistrode on middes wintres mæsseniht 7 þy ilcan geare geeode Ecgbryht cyning Miercna rice 7 al þæt be suþan Humbre wæs 7 he wæs se eahteþa cyning se þe Bretwalda wæs Ærest Ælle SuþSeaxna cyning se þus micel rice hæfde se æftera wæs Ceawlin Wesseaxna cyning se þridda wæs Æþelbryht Cantwara cyning se feorþa wæs Rædwald EastEngla cyning fifta was Eadwine Norþanhymbra cyning siexta wæs Oswald se æfter him ricsode seofoþa wæs Oswio Oswaldes broþur eahtoþa wæs Ecgbryht Wesseaxna cyning 7 se Ecgbryht lædde fierd to Dore wiþ Norþanhymbre 7 hie him þær eaþmedo budon 7 geþuærnesse 7 hie on þam tohwurfon. <translation>\nHer eft Wilaf onfeng Miercna rices 7 Æþelwald biscep forþferde 7 þy ilcan geare lædde Ecgbryht cyning fierd on NorþWalas 7 he hie to eaþmodre hersumnesse gedyde. <translation>\nHer Wulfred ærcebiscep forþferde. <translation>\nHer Ceolnoþ wæs gecoren to biscepe 7 gehadod 7 Feologid abbud forþferde. <translation>\nHer Ceolnoþ ærcebiscep onfeng pallium. <translation>\nHer gefeaht Ecgbryht cyning wiþ .xxxv. sciphlæsta æt Carrum 7 þær\nwearþ micel wæl geslægen, 7 þa Denescan ahton wælstowe gewald; 7 Hereferþ\n7 Wigþen tuegen biscepas forþferdon, 7 Dudda 7 Osmod tuegen aldormen forþferdon.\nHer cuom micel sciphere on Westwalas 7 hie to anum gecierdon, 7 wiþ Ecgbryht West Seaxna cyning\nwinnende wæron. Þa he þæt hierde 7 mid fierde ferde 7 him wiþ feaht\næt Hengestdune 7 þær gefliemde ge þa Walas ge þa Deniscan.\nHer Ecgbryht cyning forþferde, 7 hine hæfde ær Offa Miercna cyning 7 Beorhtric Wesseaxna\ncyning afliemed .iii. gear of Angelcynnes lande on Fronclond, ær he cyning\nwære, 7 þy\nfultomode Beorhtric Offan þy he hæfde his dohtor him to cuene; 7 se Ecgbyht ricsode .xxxvii. wintra,\n.vii. monaþ, 7 feng Æþelwulf Ecgbrehting to Wesseaxna rice, 7 he salde his suna\nÆþelstane Cantwara rice 7 Eastseaxna 7 Suþrigea 7 Suþseaxna.\nHer Wulfheard aldormon gefeaht æt Hamtune wiþ .xxxiii. sciphlæsta 7 þær micel\nwæl geslog 7 sige nom. 7 þy geare forþferde Wulfheard. 7 þy ilcan geare gefeaht Æþelhelm dux wiþ Deniscne here on Port mid Dornsætum 7 gode hwile þone here gefliemde, 7 þa Deniscan ahton wælstowe gewald 7 þone aldormon ofslogon.\nHer Herebryht aldormon wæs ofslægen from hæþnum monnum 7 monige mid him on\nMerscwarum, 7 þy ilcan geare eft on Lindesse 7 on Eastenglum 7 on Cantwarum wurdon monige men\nofslægene from þam herige.\nHer Æþelwulf cyning gefeaht æt Carrum wiþ .xxxv. schiplæsta, 7 þa\nDeniscan ahton wæstowe gewald.\nHer Eanulf aldorman gefeaht mid Sumursætum 7 Ealchstan biscep 7 Osric aldorman mid Dornsætnum\ngefuhton æt Pedridan muþan wiþ Deniscne here 7 þær micel wæl geslogon\n7 sige namon. þy ilcan geare Æþelstan rex\n7 Ealchere dux micelne here ofslogon æt Sondwic on Kent 7 .viiii. scipu gefengon 7 þa oþru\nHer Ceorl aldormon gefeaht wiþ hæþene men min Defenascire æt Wicganbeorge, 7\nþær micel wæl geslogon 7 sige namon. 7 þy ilcan geare Æþelstan cyning\n7 Ealchere dux micelne here ofslogon æt Sondwic on Cent 7 .ix .scipu gefengun 7 þa oþre\ngefliemdon. 7 hæþne men ærest ofer winter sæton. 7 þy ilcan geare cuom\nfeorðe healf hund scipa on Temese muþan 7 bræcon Contwaraburg 7 Lundenburg, 7\ngefliemdon Beorhtwulf Miercna cyning mid his fierde, 7 foron þa suþ ofer Temese on Suþrige\n7 him gefeaht wiþ Æþelwulf cyning 7 Æþelbald his sunu æt Aclea mid\nWestseaxna fierde, 7 þær þæt mæste wæl geslogon on hæþnum\nherige þe we secgan hierdon oþ þisne ondweardan dæg, 7 þær sige namon.\nHer bæd Burgred Miercna cyning 7 his wiotan\n(bædon) Æþelwulf cyning þæt he (he) him\ngefultumade þæt him Norþwalas gehiersumade. He þa swa dyde, 7 mid fierde fór\nofer Mierce on Norþwalas, 7 hie him alle gehiersume dydon. 7 þy ilcan geare sende\nÆþelwulf cyning Ælfred his sunu to Rome. Þa was domne Leo papa on Rome, 7 he hine to\ncyninge gehalgode 7 hiene him to biscepsuna nam. Þa þy ilcan geare Ealhere mid Cantwarum 7 Huda\nmid Suþrigium gefuhton on Tenet wiþ hæþnum herige 7 ærest sige namon, 7\nþær wearþ monig mon ofslægen 7 adruncen on gehwæþere hond. On\nþæs ofer Eastron geaf Æþelwulf cyning his dohtor Burgrede cyninge of Wesseaxum on Merce.\nHer hæþne men ærest on Sceapige ofer winter sætun. 7 þy ilcan geare gebocude\nÆþelwulf cyning teoþan dæl his londes ofer al his rice Gode to lofe 7 him selfum\nto ecere hælo, 7 þy ilcan geare ferde to Rome mid micelre weorþnesse 7 þær\nwas .xii. monaþ wuniende 7 þa him hamweard fór, 7 him þa Carl Francna cyning his\ndohtor geaf him to cuene, 7 æfter þam to his leodum cuom 7 hie þæs gefægene\nwærun. 7 ymb .ii. gear þæs ðe he on Francum com he gefór, 7 his lic liþ\næt Wintanceastre, 7 he ricsode nigonteoþe healf gear. On se Æþelwulf wæs\nEcgbrehting, Ecgbryht Ealhmunding, Ealhmund Eafing, Eafa Eopping, Eoppa Ingilding; Ingild wæs Ines\nbroþur Westseaxna cyninges, þæs þe eft ferde to Sancte Petre 7 þær eft\nhis feorh gesealde; 7 hie wæron Cendredes suna, Cenred wæs Ceolwalding, Ceolwald Cuþaing,\nCuþa Cuþwining, Cuþwine Ceaulining, Ceawlin Cynricing, Cynric Cerdicing, Cerdic Elesing,\nElesa Esling, Esla Giwising, Giwis Wiging, Wig Freawining, Freawine Friþogaring, Friþogar\nBronding, Brond Bældæging, Bældæg Wodening, Woden Friþowalding, Friþuwald\nFreawining, Frealaf Friþuwulfing, Friþuwulf Finning, Fin Godwulfing, Godwulf Geating, Geat\nTætwaing, Tætwa Beawing, Beaw Sceldwaing, Sceldwea Heremoding, Heremod Itermoning, Itermon\nHraþraing, se wæs geboren in þære earce: Noe, Lamach, Matusalem, Enoh, Iaered, Maleel,\nCamon, Enos, Sed, Adam primus homo et pater noster est Christus, Amen. On þa fengon Æþelwulfes\nsuna twegen to rice, Æþelbald to Wesseaxna rice 7 Æþelbryht to Cantwara rice 7 to\nEastseaxna rice 7 to Suþrigea 7 to Suþseaxna rice; 7 þa ricsode Æþelbald\nHer æþelbald cyng forþferde, 7 his lic liþ æt Sciraburnan, 7 feng æþelbryht to allum þam rice his broþur, 7 he hit heold on godre geþuærnesse 7 on micelre sibsumnesse; 7 on his dæge cuom\nmicel sciphere up 7 abræcon Wintanceastre.\n7 wiþ þone here gefuhton Osric aldorman mid Hamtunscire, 7 æþelwulf aldormon mid Bearrucscire, 7 þone here gefliemdon, 7 wælstowe gewald ahton; 7 se æþelbryht ricsode .v. gear, 7 his lic liþ æt Scireburnan.\nHer for se here of East Englum ofer Humbre muþan to Eoforwicceastre on Norþhymbre, 7 þær wæs micel ungeþuærnes þære þeode betweox him selfum, 7 hie hæfdun hiera cyning aworpenne Osbryht, 7 ungecyndne cyning underfengon ællan;\n7 hie late on geare to þam gecirdon þæt hie wiþ þone here winnende wærun, 7 hie þeah micle fierd gegadrodon, 7 þone here sohton æt Eoforwicceastre, 7 on þa ceastre bræcon, 7 hie sume inne wurdon, 7 þær was ungemetlic wæl geslægen Norþanhymbra, sume binnan, sume butan;\n7 þa cyningas begen ofslægene, 7 sio laf wiþ þone here friþ nam; 7 þy ilcan geare gefor Ealchstan biscep, 7 he hæfde þæt bisceprice .l. wintra æt Scireburnan, 7 his lic liþ þær on tune.\nHer for se ilca here innan Mierce to Snotengaham, 7 þær wintersetl namon; 7 Burgræd Miercna cyning 7 his wiotan bædon æþered Westseaxna cyning 7 ælfred his broþur þæt hie him gefultumadon, þæt hie wiþ þone here gefuhton;\n7 þa ferdon hie mid Wesseaxna fierde innan Mierce oþ Snotengaham, 7 þone here þær metton on þam geweorce, 7 þær nan hefelic gefeoht ne wearþ, 7 Mierce friþ namon wiþ þone here;\nHer rad se here ofer Mierce innan Eastengle 7 wintersetl namon. æt þeodforda, 7 þy wintra Eadmund cyning him wiþ feaht, 7 þa Deniscan sige namon, 7 þone cyning ofslogon, 7 þæt lond all geeodon;\n7 þy geare gefor Ceolnoþ ærcebiscep.\n[Hand 7a: 7 Æþered Wiltunscire biscop wearþ gecoren to ærcebiscpe to Cantuareberi. ]\nHer cuom se here to Readingum on Westseaxe, 7 þæs ymb .iii. niht ridon .ii. eorlas up;\nÞa gemette hie æþelwulf aldorman on Englafelda, 7 him þær wiþ gefeaht 7 sige nam;\nÞæs ymb .iiii. niht æþered cyning 7 ælfred his broþur þær micle fierd to Readingum gelæddon, 7 wiþ þone here ge-\nfuhton, 7 þær wæs micel wæl geslægen on gehwæþre hond, 7 æþelwulf aldormon wearþ ofslægen, 7 þa Deniscan ahton wælstowe gewald;\n7 þæs ymb .iiii. niht gefeaht æþered cyning 7 ælfred his broþur wiþ alne þone here on æscesdune, 7 hie wærun on twæm gefylcum, on oþrum wæs Bachsecg 7 Halfdene þa hæþnan cyningas, 7 on oþrum wæron þa eorlas;\n7 þa gefeaht se cyning æþered wiþ þara cyninga getruman, 7 þær wearþ se cyning Bagsecg ofslægen;\n7 ælfred his broþur wiþ þara eorla getruman, 7 þær wearþ Sidroc eorl ofslægen se alda, 7 Sidroc eorl se gioncga, 7 Osbearn eorl, 7 Fræna eorl, 7 Hareld eorl, 7 þa hergas begen gefliemde, 7 fela þusenda ofslægenra, 7 onfeohtende wæron oþ niht.\n7 þæs ymb .xiiii. niht gefeaht æþered cyning 7 ælfred his broður wiþ þone here æt Basengum, 7 þær þa Deniscan sige namon;\n7 þæs ymb .ii. monaþ gefeaht æþered cyning 7 ælfred his broþur wiþ þone here æt Meretune, 7 hie wærun on tuæm gefylcium, 7 hie butu gefliemdon, 7 longe on dæg sige ahton, 7 þær wearþ micel wælsliht on gehwæþere hond, 7 þa Deniscan ahton wælstowe gewald;\n7 þær wearþ Heahmund biscep ofslægen, 7 fela godra monna; 7 æfter þissum gefeohte cuom micel sumorlida; 7 þæs ofer Eastron gefor æþered cyning, 7 he ricsode .v. gear, 7 his lic liþ æt Winburnan.\nÞa feng ælfred æþelwulfing his broþur to Wesseaxna rice;\n7 þæs ymb anne monaþ gefeaht ælfred cyning wiþ alne þone here lytle werede æt Wiltune, 7 hine longe on dæg gefliemde, 7 þa Deniscan ahton wælstowe gewald;\n7 þæs geares wurdon .viiii. folc gefeoht gefohten wiþ þone here on þy cynerice be suþan Temese, 7 butan þam þe him ælfred þæs cyninges broþur, 7 anlipig aldormon, 7 cyninges þegnas oft rade onridon þe mon na ne rimde, 7 þæs geares wærun ofslægene .viiii. eorlas 7 an cyning; 7 þy geare namon Westseaxe friþ wiþ þone here.\nHer for se here from Lindesse to Hreopedune, 7 þær wintersetl nam, 7 þone cyning Burgræd ofer sæ adræfdon ymb .xxii. wintra þæs þe he rice hæfde, 7 þæt lond all geeodon;\n7 he for to Rome 7 þær ge\nsæt 7 his lic liþ on Sancta Marian ciricean on Angelcynnes scole;\n7 þy ilcan geare hie sealdon anum unwisum cyninges þegne Miercna rice to haldanne, 7 he him aþas swor 7 gislas salde, þæt he him gearo wære swa hwelce dæge swa hie hit habban wolden, 7 he gearo wære mid him selfum, 7 on allum þam þe him læstan woldon. to þæs heres þearfe.\nHer for se here from Hreopedune, 7 Healfdene for mid sumum þam here on Norþhymbre. 7 nam wintersetl be Tinan þære ea, 7 se here þæt lond geeode. 7 oft hergade on Peohtas, 7 on Stræcledwalas;\n7 for Godrum 7 Oscytel 7 Anwynd. þa .iii. cyningas, of Hreopedune to Grantebrycge mid micle here, 7 sæton þær an gear; 7 þy sumera for ælfred cyning ut on sæ mid sciphere, 7 gefeaht wiþ .vii. sciphlæstas, 7 hiera an gefeng. 7 þa oþru gefliemde.\nHer hiene bestæl se here into Werham Wesseaxna fierde, 7 wiþ þone here se cyning friþ nam, 7 him þa aþas sworon on þam halgan beage, þe hie ær nanre þeode noldon, þæt hie hrædlice of his rice foren; 7 hie þa under þam hie nihtes bestælon þære fierde se gehorsoda here into Escanceaster;\n7 þy geare Healfdene Norþanhymbra lond gedælde. 7 ergende wæron 7 hiera tilgende.\nHer cuom se here into Escanceastre from Werham, 7 se sciphere sigelede west ymbutan, 7 þa mette hie micel yst on sæ, 7 þær forwearþ .cxx. scipa æt Swanawic;\n7 se cyning ælfred æfter þam gehorsudan here mid fierde rad oþ Exanceaster 7 hie hindan ofridan ne meahte ær hie on þam fæstene wæron, þær him mon to ne meahte; 7 hie him þær foregislas saldon. swa fela swa he habban wolde, 7 micle aþas sworon, 7 þa godne friþ heoldon;\n7 þa on hærfæste gefor se here on Miercna lond, 7 hit gedældon sum, 7 sum Ceolwulfe saldon.\nHer hiene bestæl se here on midne winter ofer tuelftan niht to Cippanhamme, 7 geridon Wesseaxna lond\n7 gesæton 7 micel þæs folces (7) ofer sæ adræfdon, 7 þæs oþres þone mæstan dæl hie geridon, 7 him to gecirdon buton þam cyninge Ælfrede. 7 he lytle werede unieþelice æfter wudum for, 7 on morfæstenum;\n7 þæs ilcan wintra wæs Inwæres\nbroþur 7 Healfdenes on Westseaxum on Defenascire mid .xxiii. scipum, 7 hiene mon þær ofslog, 7 .dccc. monna mid him. 7 .xl. monna his heres;\n7 þæs on Eastron worhte ælfred cyning lytle werede geweorc æt Æþelingaeigge, 7 of þam geweorce was winnende wiþ þone here, 7 Sumursætna se dæl, se þær niehst wæs;\nÞa on þære seofoðan wiecan ofer Eastron he gerad to Ecgbryhtes stane be eastan Sealwyda, 7 him to comon þær ongen Sumorsæte alle, 7 Wilsætan, 7 Hamtunscir se dæl, se hiere behinon sæ was, 7 his gefægene wærun;\n7 he for ymb ane niht of þam wicum to Iglea, 7 þæs ymb ane to Eþandune, 7 þær gefeaht wiþ alne þone here, 7 hiene gefliemde, 7 him æfter rad oþ þæt geweorc, 7 þær sæt .xiiii. niht;\n7 þa salde se here him foregislas 7 micle aþas þæt hie of his rice uuoldon 7 him\neac geheton þæt kyning fulwihte onfon wolde 7 hie þæt gelæston swa,\n7 þæs ymb .iii. wiecan com se cyning to him Godrum þritiga sum þara monna þe in þam here weorþuste wæron æt Alre, 7 þæt is wiþ Æþelinggaeige;\n7 his se cyning þær onfeng æt fulwihte, 7 his crismlising was æt Weþmor, 7 he was .xii. niht mid þam cyninge, 7 he hine miclum 7 his geferan mid feo weorðude.\nHer for se here of Cirenceastre on Eastengle, 7 gesæt þæt lond, 7 gedælde.\n7 þy ilcan geare for se here ofer sæ þe ær on Fullanhomme sæt on Fronclond to Gend, 7 sæt þær an gear.\nHer for se here ufor on Fronclond, 7 þa Francan him wiþ gefuhton, 7 þær\nþa wearþ se here gehorsod æfter þam gefeohte.\nHer for se here up onlong Mæse feor on Fronclond, 7 þær sæt an gear.\n7 þy ilcan geare for ælfred cyning mid scipum ut on sæ. 7 gefeaht wiþ feower sciphlæstas Deniscra monna, 7 þara scipa tu genam, 7 þa men ofslægene wæron þe ðæron wæron, 7 tuegen sciphlæstas him on hond eodon, 7 þa wæron miclum forslægene 7 forwundode ær hie on hond eodon.\nHer todælde se foresprecena here on tu, oþer dæl east. oþer dæl to Hrofesceastre; 7 ymbsæton ða ceastre, 7 worhton oþer fæsten ymb hie selfe. 7 hie þeah þa ceastre aweredon oþþæt ælfred\ncom utan mid fierde;\nÞa eode se here to hiera scipum, 7 forlet þæt geweorc. 7 hie wurdon þær behorsude, 7 sona þy ilcan sumere ofer sæ gewiton;\n7 þy ilcan geare sende ælfred cyning sciphere on Eastengle; sona swa hie comon on Stufe muþan, þa metton hie .xvi. scipu wicenga, 7 wiþ ða gefuhton, 7 þa scipo alle geræhton, 7 þa men ofslogon;\nÞa hie þa hamweard wendon mid þære herehyþe, þa metton hie micelne sciphere wicenga, 7 þa wiþ þa gefuhton þy ilcan dæge, 7 þa Deniscan ahton sige;\nÞy ilcan geare ær middum wintra. forþferde Carl Francna cyning, 7 hiene ofslog an efor, 7 ane geare ær his broður forþferde, se hæfde eac þæt westrice, 7 hie wæron begen Hloþwiges suna.\nSe hæfde eac þæt westrice, 7 forþferde þy geare þe sio sunne aþiestrode.\nSe wæs Karles sunu þe æþelwulf Westseaxna cyning his dohtor hæfde him to cuene.\n7 þy ilcan geare gegadrode micel sciphere on Aldseaxum, 7 þær wearþ micel gefeoht tua on geare, 7 þa Seaxan hæfdun sige, 7 þær wæron Frisan mid.\nÞy ilcan geare feng Carl to þam westrice, 7 to allum þam westrice behienan Wendelsæ, 7 begeondan þisse sæ, swa hit his þridda fæder hæfde, butan Lidwiccium.\nSe Carl was Hloþwiges sunu, se Hloþwig was Carles broþur, se wæs Iuþyttan fæder þe æþelwulf cyning hæfde, 7 hie wæron Hloþwiges suna, se Hloþwig was þæs aldan Carles sunu, se Carl was Pippenes sunu.\n7 þy ilcan geare forþferde se goda papa Marinus, se gefreode Ongelcynnes scole be ælfredes bene Westseaxna cyninges, 7 he sende him micla gifa, 7 þære rode dæl þe Crist on þrowude.\n7 þy ilcan geare se here on Eastenglum bræc friþ wiþ ælfred cyning.\nHer for se here eft west þe ær east gelende, 7 þa up on Sigene, 7 þær wintersetl namon.\nÞy ilcan geare gesette ælfred cyning Lundenburg, 7 him all Angelcyn to cirde, þæt buton Deniscra monna hæftniede was, 7 hie þa befæste þa burg æþerede aldormen to haldonne.\nHer for se here up þurh þa brycge æt Paris, 7 þa up andlang Sigene oþ Mæterne, oþ Cariei; 7 þa sæton þara 7 innan Ionan tu winter on þam twam stedum;\n7 þy ilcan geare forþferde Karl Francna cyning, 7 Earnulf his broþur sunu hine .vi. wicum ær he forþferde berædde æt þam rice, 7 þa wearþ þæt rice todæled on .v. 7 .v. kyningas to gehalgode.\nÞæt wæs þeah mid Earnulfes geþafunge, 7 hi cuædon þæt hie þæt to his honda healdan sceoldon. forþæm hira nan næs on fædren\nhealfe to geboren. buton him anum.\nEarnulf þa wunode on þæm londe be eastan Rin, 7 Roþulf þa feng to þæm middelrice, 7 Oda to þæm westdæle, 7 Beorngar 7 Wiþa to Longbeardna londe, 7 to þæm londum on þa healfe muntes, 7 þæt heoldun mid micelre unsibbe, 7 tu folcgefeoht gefuhton, 7 þæt lond oft 7 gelome forhergodon, 7 æghwæþer oþerne oftrædlice ut dræfde;\n7 þy ilcan geare þe se here for forþ up ofer þa brycge æt Paris.\n(7) Æþelhelm aldormon lædde Wesseaxna ælmessan 7 ælfredes cyninges to Rome.\nHer lædde Beornhelm abbud Westseaxna ælmessan to Rome 7 ælfredes cyninges; 7 Godrum se norþerna cyning forþferde, þæs fulluhtnama wæs æþelstan, se wæs ælfredes cyninges godsunu, 7 he bude on Eastenglum, 7 þæt lond ærest gesæt;\n7 þy ilcan geare for se here of Sigene to Sant Laudan, þæt is butueoh Brettum 7 Francum, 7 Brettas him wiþ gefuhton, 7 hæfdon sige, 7 hie bedrifon ut on ane ea, 7 monige adrencton.\n[Hand 7a: Her wæs Plegemund gecoron of Gode 7 of eallen his halechen. ]\nHer for se here east. 7 Earnulf cyning gefeaht wið ðæm ræde here ær þa scipu cuomon, mid Eastfrancum, 7 Seaxum, 7 Bægerum. 7 hine gefliemde;\n7 þrie Scottas comon to ælfrede cyninge, on anum bate butan ælcum gereþrum of Hibernia, þonon hi hi bestælon forþon þe hi woldon for Godes lufan on elþiodignesse beon, hi ne rohton hwær.\nSe bat wæs geworht of þriddan healfre hyde þe hi on foron, 7 hi namon mid him þæt hi hæfdun to seofon nihtum mete; 7 þa comon hie ymb .vii. niht to londe on Cornwalum. 7 foron þa sona to ælfrede cyninge;\nÞus hie wæron genemnde, Dubslane 7 Maccbethu. 7 Maelinmun. 7 Swifneh se betsta lareow þe on Scottum wæs gefor.\n7 þy ilcan geare ofer Eastron. ymbe gang dagas oþþe ær, æteowde se steorra þe mon on boclæden hæt cometa,\nSame men cweþaþ on Englisc þæt hit sie feaxede steorra. forþæm þær stent lang leoma of, hwilum on ane healfe hwilum on ælce healfe:\nHer on þysum geare for se micla here. þe we gefyrn ymbe spræcon, eft of þæm eastric westweard to Bunann. 7 þær wurdon gescipode, swa þæt hie asettan him on anne siþ ofer mid horsum mid ealle, 7 þa comon up on Limene muþan. mid .ccl. (hunde) scipa.\nSe muþa is on easte weardre Cent. æt þæs miclan wuda eastende þe we Andred hatað; se wudu is eastlang 7 westlang hund twelftiges mila lang oþþe lengra, 7 þritiges mila brad; seo ea þe we ær ymbe spræcon lið ut of þæm wealda;\nOn þa ea hi tugon up hiora scipu oþ þone weald .iiii. mila fram þæm muþan uteweardum. 7 þær abræcon an geweorc. inne on þæm fenne sæton feawa cirlisce men on, 7 wæs samworht.\nÞa sona æfter þæm com Hæsten mid .lxxx. scipa up on Temese muðan, 7 worhte him geweorc æt Middeltune, 7 se oþer here æt Apuldre.\nOn þys geare, þæt wæs ymb twelf monað þæs þe hie on þæm eastrice geweorc geworht hæfdon, Norþhymbre 7 Eastengle hæfdon ælffrede cyninge aþas geseald, 7 Eastengle foregisla .vi. 7 þeh ofer þa treowa, swa oft swa þa oþre hergas mid ealle herige ut foron, þonne foron hie, oþþe mid, oþþe on heora healfe an.\nÞa gegaderade ælfred cyning his fierd, 7 for þæt he gewicode betwuh þæm twam hergum. þær þær he niehst rymet hæfde for wudufæstenne ond for wæterfæstenne swa þæt he mehte ægþerne geræcan gif hie ænigne feld secan wolden;\nÞa foron hie siþþan æfter þæm wealda hloþum 7 flocradum. bi swa hwaþerre efes swa hit þonne fierdleas wæs. 7 him mon eac mid oþrum floccum sohte mæstra daga ælce, oþþe on niht. ge of þære fierde, ge eac of þæm burgum;\nHæfde se cyning his fierd on tu tonumen, swa þæt hie wæron simle healfe æt ham, healfe ute, butan þæm monnum þe þa burga healdan scolden.\nNe com se here oftor eall ute of þæm setum þonne tuwwa. oþre siþe þa hie ærest to londe comon, ær sio fierd gesamnod wære, oþre siþe þa hie of þæm setum faran woldon;\nÞa hie gefengon micle herehyð, 7 þa woldon ferian norþweardes ofer Temese in on Eastseaxe ongean þa scipu.\nÞa forrad sio fierd hie foran, 7 him wið gefeaht æt Fearnhamme, 7 þone here gefliemde, 7 þa herehyþa ahreddon, 7 hie flugon ofer Temese buton ælcum forda þa up be Colne on anne iggað.\nÞa besæt sio fierd hie þær utan þa hwile þe hie þær lengest mete hæfdon.\nAc hie hæfdon\nþa heora stemn gesetenne, 7 hiora mete genotudne, 7 wæs se cyng þa þiderweardes on fære. mid þære scire þe mid him fierdedon;\nÞa he þa wæs þiderweardes, 7 sio oþeru fierd wæs hamweardes, 7 ða Deniscan sæton þær behindan, forþæm hiora cyning wæs gewundod on þæm gefeohte, þæt hi hine ne mehton ferian;\nÞa gegaderedon þa þe in Norþhymbrum bugeað, 7 on Eastenglum, sum hund scipa, 7 foron suð ymbutan, 7 sum feowertig scipa norþ ymbutan, 7 ymbsæton an geweorc on Defnascire be þære norþsæ;\n7 þa þe suð ymbutan foron. ymbsæton Exancester.\nÞa se cyng þæt hierde, þa wende he hine west wið Exanceastres mid ealre þære fierde, buton swiþe gewaldenum dæle easteweardes þæs folces.\nÞa foron forð oþþe hie comon to Lundenbyrg, 7 þa mid þæm burgwarum 7 þæm fultume þe him westan com, foron east to Beamfleote;\nWæs Hæsten þa þær cumen mid his herge, þe ær æt Middeltune sæt. 7 eac se micla here wæs þa þærto cumen, þe ær on Limene muþan sæt æt Apuldre;\nHæfde Hæsten ær geworht þæt geweorc æt Beamfleote, 7 wæs þa ut afaren on hergaþ, 7 wæs se micla here æt ham;\nÞa foron hie to 7 gefliemdon þone here, 7 þæt geweorc abræcon, 7 genamon eal þæt þær binnan wæs, ge on feo. ge on wifum, ge eac on bearnum, 7 brohton eall into Lundenbyrig, 7 þa scipu eall oðþe tobræcon, oþþe forbærndon, oþþe to Lundenbyrig brohton oþþe to Hrofesceastre.\n7 Hæstenes wif 7 his suna twegen mon brohte to þæm cyninge, 7 he hi him eft ageaf, forþæm þe hiora wæs oþer his godsunu, oþer æðeredes ealdormonnes;\nHæfdon hi hiora onfangen ær Hæsten to Beamfleote come, 7 he him hæfde geseald gislas 7 aðas, 7 se cyng him eac wel feoh sealde, 7 eac swa þa he þone cniht agef 7 þæt wif.\nAc sona swa hie to B(l)eamfleote comon, 7 þæt geweorc (ge)geworht wæs. swa hergode he on his rice þone ilcan ende þe æþered his cumpæder healdan sceolde, 7 eft oþre siþe he wæs on hergað gelend on þæt ilce rice þa þa mon his geweorc abræc.\nÞa se cyning hine þa west wende mid þære fierde wið Exancestres. swa ic ær sæde, 7 se here þa burg beseten hæfde;\nÞa he þærto gefaren wæs, þa eodon hie to hiora scipum.\nÞa he þa wið þone here þær wæst abisgod wæs, 7 þa hergas wæron þa gegaderode begen to Sceobyrig on Eastseaxum, 7 þær geweorc worhtun.\nForon begen ætgædere up be Temese, 7 him com micel eaca to. ægþer ge of Eastenglum, ge of Norþhymbrum.\nForon þa up be Temese oþþæt hie gedydon æt Sæferne, þa up be Sæferne.\nÞa gegaderode æþered ealdormon, 7 æþelm ealdorman. 7 æþelnoþ ealdorman, 7 þa cinges þegnas þe þa æt ham æt þæm geweorcum wæron, of ælcre byrig be eastan Pedredan, ge be westan Sealwuda ge be eastan, ge eac be norþan Temese, 7 be westan Sæfern, ge eac sum dæl þæs Norðwealcynnes.\nÞa hie þa ealle gegaderode wæron, þa offoron hie þone here hindan æt Buttingtune. on Sæferne staþe, 7 hine þær utan besæton on ælce healfe, on anum fæstenne.\nÞa hie ða fela wucena sæton on twa healfe þær e, 7 se cyng wæs west on Defnum wiþ þone sciphere, þa wæron hie mid metelieste gewægde, 7 hæfdon miclne dæl þara horsa freten. 7 þa oþre wæron hungre acwolen.\nÞa eodon hie ut to ðæm monnum þe on easthealfe þære e wicodon, 7 him wiþ gefuhton, 7 þa Cristnan hæfdon sige;\n7 þær wearð Ordheh cyninges þegn ofslægen, 7 eac monige oþre cyninges þegnas, ofslægen, 7 se dæl þe þær aweg com wurdon on fleame generede.\nÞa hie on Eastseaxe comon to hiora geweorce. 7 to hiora scipum. þa gegaderade sio laf eft of Eastenglum, 7 of\nNorðhymbrum. micelne here onforan winter. 7 befæston hira wif, 7 hira scipu, 7 hira feoh on Eastenglum, 7 foron anstreces dæges 7 nihtes, þæt hie gedydon on anre westre ceastre on Wirhealum, seo is Legaceaster gehaten;\nÞa ne mehte seo fird hie na hindan offaran, ær hie wæron inne on þæm geweorce;\nBesæton þeah þæt geweorc utan sume twegen dagas, 7 genamon ceapes eall þæt þær buton wæs, 7 þa men ofslogon þe hie foran forridan mehton butan geweorce, 7 þæt corn eall forbærndon, 7 mid hira horsum fretton on ælcre efenehðe.\n7 þæt wæs ymb twelf monað þæs þe hie ær hider ofer sæ comon.\nONd þa sona æfter þæm on ðys gere for se here of Wirheale in on Norðwealas. forþæm hie ðær sittan ne mehton; þæt wæs forðy þe hie wæron benumene ægðer ge þæs ceapes, ge þæs cornes, ðe hie gehergod hæfdon;\nÞa hie ða eft ut of Norðwealum wendon mid þære herehyðe þe hie ðær genumen hæfdon, þa foron hie ofer Norðhymbra lond 7 Eastengla, swa swa seo fird hie geræcan ne mehte, oþþæt hie comon on Eastseaxna lond easteweard, on an igland þæt is ute on þære sæ, þæt is Meresig haten.\n7 þa se here eft hamweard wende. þe Exanceaster beseten hæfde, þa hergodon hie up on Suð Seaxum neah Cisseceastre, 7 þa burgware hie gefliemdon, 7 hira monig hund ofslogon, 7 hira scipu sumu genamon.\nÐa þy ylcan gere onforan winter þa Deniscan þe on Meresige sæton. tugon hira scipu up on Temese, 7 þa up on Lygan; þæt wæs ymb twa ger þæs þe hie hider ofer sæ comon.\nOn þy ylcan gere worhte se foresprecena here geweorc be Lygan .xx. mila bufan Lundenbyrig.\nÞa þæs on sumera foron micel dæl þara burgwara, 7 eac swa oþres folces, þæt hie gedydon æt þara Deniscana geweorce, 7 þær wurdon gefliemde, 7 sume feower cyninges þegnas ofslægene.\nÞa þæs on hærfeste þa wicode se cyng on neaweste þære byrig, þa hwile þe hie hira corn gerypon, þæt þa Deniscan him ne mehton þæs ripes forwiernan.\nÞa sume dæge rad se cyng up bi þære eæ, 7 gehawade hwær mon mehte þa ea forwyrcan, þæt hie ne mehton þa scipu ut brengan.\n7 hie ða swa dydon. worhton ða tu geweorc. on twa healfe þære eas.\nÞa hie ða þæt geweorc furþum ongunnen hæfdon, 7 þærto gewicod hæfdon. þa onget se here þæt hie ne mehton þa scipu ut brengan;\nÞa forleton hie hie, 7 eodon ofer land þæt hie gedydon æt Cwatbrycge be Sæfern, 7 þær gewerc worhton.\nÞa rad seo fird west æfter þæm herige, 7 þa men of Lundenbyrig gefetedon þa scipu, 7 þa ealle þe hie alædan ne mehton tobræcon, 7 þa þe þær stælwyrðe wæron binnan Lundenbyrig gebrohton;\n7 þa Deniscan hæfdon hira wif befæst innan Eastengle ær hie ut of þæm geweorce foron;\nÞa sæton hie þone winter æt Cwatbrycge.\nÞæt wæs ymb þreo ger þæs þe hie on Limene muðan comon hider ofer sæ.\nÐa þæs on sumera on ðysum gere tofor se here, sum on Eastengle, sum on Norðhymbre, 7 þa þe feohlease wæron him þær scipu begeton, 7 suð ofer sæ foron to Sigene.\nNæfde se here, Godes\nþonces. Angelcyn ealles forswiðe gebrocod;\nAc hie wæron micle swiþor gebrocede on þæm þrim gearum mid ceapes cwilde 7 monna, ealles swiþost mid þæm þæt manige þara selestena cynges þena þe þær on londe wæron forðferdon on þæm þrim gearum;\nÞara wæs sum Swiðulf biscop on Hrofesceastre, 7 Ceolmund ealdormon on Cent, 7 Beorhtulf ealdormon on Eastseaxum, 7 Wulfred ealdormon on Hamtunscire, 7 Ealhheard biscop æt Dorceceastre, 7 Eadulf cynges þegn on Suðseaxum, 7 Beornulf wicgefera on Winteceastre, 7 Ecgulf cynges horsþegn, 7 manige eac him þeh ic ða geðungnestan nemde.\nÞy ilcan geare drehton þa hergas on Eastenglum 7 on Norðhymbrum Westseaxna lond swiðe be þæm suðstæðe mid stælhergum, ealra swiþust mid ðæm æscum þe hie fela geara ær timbredon.\nÞa het ælfred cyng timbran langscipu ongen ða æscas; þa wæron fulneah tu swa lange swa þa oðru. sume hæfdon .lx. ara. sume ma.\nÞa wæron ægðer ge swiftran ge unwealtran, ge eac hieran þonne þa oðru. næron nawðer ne on Fresisc gescæpene ne on Denisc, bute swa him selfum ðuhte þæt hie nytwyrðoste beon meahten.\nÞa æt sumum cirre þæs ilcan geares comon þær sex scipu to Wiht, 7 þær micel yfel gedydon, ægðer ge on Defenum ge welhwær be ðæm særiman.\nÞa het se cyng faran mid nigonum to þara niwena scipa, 7 forforon him þone muðan foran on utermere;\nÞa foron hie mid þrim scipum ut ongen hie, 7 þreo stodon æt ufeweardum þæm muðan on drygum, wæron þa men uppe on londe of agane, þa gefengon hie þara þreora scipa tu æt ðæm muðan uteweardum, 7 þa men ofslogon, 7 þæt an oðwand;\nOn þæm wæron eac þa men ofslægene buton fifum.\nÞa comon forðy onweg ðe ðara oþerra scipu asæton, þa wurdon eac swiðe uneðelice aseten.\nÞreo asæton on ða healfe þæs deopes ðe ða Deniscan scipu aseten wæron, 7 þa oðru eall on oþre healfe, þæt hira ne mehte nan to oðrum.\nAc ða þæt wæter wæs ahebbad fela furlanga from þæm scipu. þa eodan ða Deniscan from þæm þrim scipum to þæm oðrum þrim þe on hira healfe beebbade wæron, 7 hie þa þær gefuhton.\nÞær wearð ofslægen Lucumon cynges gerefa. 7 Wulfheard Friesa. 7 æbbe Friesa, 7 æðelhere Friesa, 7 æðelferð cynges geneat, 7 ealra monna Fresiscra 7 Engliscra .lxii. 7 þara Deniscena .cxx. þa com þæm Deniscum scipum þeh ær flod to, ær þa Cristnan mehten hira ut ascufan, 7 hie forðy ut oðreowon;\nÞa wæron hie to þæm gesargode. þæt hie ne mehton Suðseaxna lond utan berowan, ac hira þær tu sæ on lond wearp.\n7 þa men mon lædde to Winteceastre to þæm cynge, 7 he hie ðær ahon het.\n7 þa men comon on Eastengle. þe on þæm anum scipe wæron. swiðe forwundode.\nÞy ilcan sumera forwearð nolæs þonne .xx. scipa mid monnum mid ealle. be þam suðriman.\nÞy ilcan gere forðferde Wulfric cynges horsðegn, se wæs eac Wealhgefera.\nHer on þysum gere gefor æðelm Wiltunscire ealdormon, nigon nihtum ær middum sumere.\nforðferde Heahstan, se wæs on Lundenne biscop.\nHer gefor ælfred Aþulfing, syx nihtum ær ealra haligra mæssan; Se wæs cyning ofer eall Ongelcyn butan ðæm dæle þe under Dena onwalde wæs, 7 he heold þæt rice. oþrum healfum læs þe .xxx. wintra. 7 þa feng Eadweard his sunu to rice.\nÞa gerad æðelwald his fædran sunu. þone ham æt Winburnan, 7 æt Tweoxneam butan ðæs cyninges leafe 7 his witena.\nÞa rad se cyning mid firde þæt he gewicode æt Baddanbyrig wið Winburnan, 7 æðelwald sæt binnan þæm ham mid þæm monnum þe him to gebugon, 7 hæfde ealle þa geatu forworht in to him, 7 sæde þæt he wolde oðer oððe þær libban oððe þær licgan.\nÞa under þæm þa bestæl he hine on niht on weg, 7 gesohte þone here on Norðhymbrum, 7 se cyng het ridan æfter, 7 þa ne mehte hine mon ofridan;\nÞa berad mon þæt wif þæt he hæfde ær genumen butan cynges leafe 7 ofer þara biscopa gebod, forðon ðe heo wæs ær to nunnan gehalgod.\n7 on þys ilcan gere forðferde æþered. wæs on Defenum ealdormon, feower wucum ær ælfred cyning.\nHer aspon æðelwald þone here on Eastenglum to unfriðe, þæt hie hergodon ofer Mercna land oð hie comon to Creccagelade, 7 foron þær ofer Temese, 7 namon ægðer ge on Brædene ge ðær ymbutan eall þæt hie gehentan mehton, 7 wendan ða eft hamweard;\nÞa for Eadweard cyning æfter, swa he raðost mehte his fird gegadrian, 7 oferhergade eall hira land betwuh dicum 7 Wusan. eall oð ða fennas norð;\nÞa he ða eft þonan ut faran wolde, þa het he beodan ofer ealle þa fird þæt hie foron ealle ut ætsomne.\nÞa ætsæton ða Centiscan þær beæftan ofer his bebod, 7 seofon ærendracan he him hæfde to asend.\nÞa befor se here hie ðær, 7 hie ðær gefuhton, 7 þær wearð Sigulf ealdormon ofslægen, 7 Sigelm ealdormon, 7 Eadwold cynges ðegen, 7 Cenulf abbod, 7 Sigebreht Sigulfes sunu, 7 Eadwald Accan sunu, 7 monige eac him, þeh ic ða geðungnestan nemde.\n7 on ðara Deniscena healfe wearð ofslægen Eohric hira cyng, 7 æðelwald æðeling ðe hine to þæm unfriðe gespon, 7 Byrhtsige Beornoðes sunu æðelinges. 7 Ysopa hold, 7 Oscytel hold, 7 swiðe monige eac him, þe we nu genemnan ne magon;\n7 þær wæs on gehwæðre hond micel wæl geslægen, 7 þara Deniscena þær wearð ma ofslægen, þeh hie wælstowe gewald ahton.\n7 Ealhswið gefor þy ilcan geare.\nHer on þys geare gefor ælfred, wæs æt Baðum gerefa.\n7 on þæm ilcan gere mon fæstnode þone frið æt Yttingaforda, swa swa Eadweard cyng gerædde, ægðer wið Eastengle ge wið Norðhymbre.\nHer feng Friðestan to biscopdome on Winteceastre, 7 Asser biscop gefor æfter ðæm, se wæs æt Scireburnan\n7 þy ilcan gere sende Eadweard cyng firde ægðer ge of Westseaxum ge of Mercum, 7 heo gehergade swiðe micel on þæm norðhere, ægðer ge on mannum ge on gehwelces cynnes yrfe, 7 manega men ofslogon þara Deniscena. 7 þær wæron fif wucan inne.\nHer bræc se here on Norðhymbrum þone frið, 7 forsawon ælc frið þe Eadweard cyng 7 his witan him budon. 7 hergodon ofer Mercna lond;\n7 se cyng hæfde gegadrod sum hund scipa. 7 wæs þa on Cent, 7 þa scipu foran be suðan east andlang sæ togenes him.\nÞa wende se here þæt his fultumes se mæsta dæl wære on þæm scipum, 7 þæt hie mehten faran unbefohtene þær þær hie wolden.\nÞa geascade se cyng þæt þæt hie ut on hergað foron, þa sende he his fird ægðer ge of Westseaxum ge of Mercum, 7 hie offoron ðone here hindan, þa he hamweard wæs, 7 him þa wið gefuhton, 7 þone here gefliemdon, 7 his fela þusenda ofslogon, 7 þær wæs Ecwils cyng ofslægen.\nHer on þys geare ymb Martines mæssan het Eadweard cyning atimbran þa norðran burg æt Heorotforda betweox Memeran 7 Beneficcan 7 Lygean;\n7 þa æfter þam þæs on sumera. betweox gangdagum 7 middum sumera,\nþa for Eadweard cyning mid sumum his fultume on Eastseaxe to Mældune. 7 wicode þær þa hwile þe man þa burg worhte 7 getimbrede æt Witham;\n7 him beag god dæl þæs folces to þe ær under Deniscra manna anwalde wæron, 7 sum his fultum worhte þa burg þa hwile æt Heorotforda on suþhealfe Lygean.\nHer on þys gere rad se here ut ofer Eastron of Hamtune, 7 of Ligeraceastre. 7 bræcon þone friþ. 7 slogon monige men æt Hocneratune, 7 þær onbutan;\n7 þa swiðe raþe æfter þæm, swa þa oþre ham comon, þa fundon hie oþre flocrade, þæt rad ut wið Lygtunes, 7 þa wurdon þa landleode his ware, 7 him wiþ gefuhton, 7 gebrohton hie on fullum fleame, 7 ahreddon eall þæt hie genumen hæfdon, 7 eac hira horsa 7 hira wæpna micelne dæl:\nHer on þysum geare com micel sciphere hider ofer suþan of Lidwiccum, 7 twegen eorlas mid, Ohtor 7 Hroald, 7 foron west onbutan þæt hie gedydon innan Sæferne muþan, 7 hergodon on Norþwealas æghwær be þam sæ, þær hie þonne onhagode;\n7 gefengon Cameleac biscop on Ircingafelda, 7 læddon hine mid him to scipum, 7 þa aliesde Eadweard cyning hine eft mid .xl. pundum.\nÞa æfter þam for se here eall up, 7 wolde faran þa giet on hergaþ wið Ircingafeldes; þa gemetton þa men hie of Hereforda 7 of Gleaweceastre. 7 of þam niehstum burgum, 7 him wið gefuhton, 7 hie gefliemdon;\n7 ofslogon þone eorl Hroald 7 þæs oþres eorles broþor Ohteres, 7 micel þæs heres. 7 bedrifon hie on anne pearruc, 7 besæton hie þær utan, oþþe hie him sealdon gislas, þæt hie of Eadweardes cyninges anwalde afaran woldon;\n7 se cyng hæfde funden þæt him mon sæt wiþ on suþhealfe Sæfernmuþan, westan from Wealum, east oþ Afene muþan, þæt hie ne dorston þæt land nawer gesecan on þa healfe;\nÞa bestælon hie hie þeah nihtes upp æt sumum twam cirron, æt oþrum cierre be eastan Wæced, 7 æt oþrum cierre æt Portlocan;\nÞa slog hie mon æt ægþrum cirre, þæt hira feawa onweg comon, buton þa ane þe þær ut ætswummon to þam scipum, 7 þa sæton hie ute on þam iglande æt Bradan Relice, oþ þone first þe hie wurdon swiþe metelease, 7 monige men hungre acwælon, forþon hie ne meahton nanne mete geræcan;\nForan þa þonan to Deomodum, 7 þa ut to Irlande. 7 þis wæs on hærfest;\n7 þa æfter þam on þam ilcan gere foran to Martines mæssan, ða for Eadweard cyning to Buccingahamme mid his firde, 7 sæt þær feower wucan, 7 geworhte þa burga buta on ægþere healfe eas ær he þonon fore;\n7 þurcytel eorl hine gesohte him to hlaforde, 7 þa holdas ealle, 7 þa ieldstan men ealle mæste ðe to Bedanforda hierdon, 7 eac monige þara þe to Hamtune hierdon.\nHer on þys gere foran to middum sumera for Eadweard cyning to Mældune, 7 getimbrede þa burg 7 gestaðolode ær he þonon fore;\n7 þy ilcan geare for þurcytel eorl ofer sæ on Froncland. mid þam mannum þe him gelæstan woldon. mid Eadweardes cynges friþe 7 fultume.\nHer on þysum gere foran to Eastron Eadweard cyning het gefaran þa burg\næt Tofeceastre. 7 hie getimbran;\n7 þa eft æfter þam on þam ilcan geare to gangdagum he het atimbran þa burg æt Wigingamere;\nÞy ilcan sumera betwix hlafmæssan 7 middum sumera se here bræc þone friþ of Hamtune, 7 of Ligeraceastre, 7 þonan norþan, 7 foron to Tofeceastre, 7 fuhton on þa burg ealne dæg, 7 þohton þæt hie hie sceolden abrecan;\nAc hie þeah awerede þæt folc þe þærbinnan wæs oþ him mara fultum to com, 7 hie forleton þa þa burg, 7 foron aweg;\n7 þa eft swiðe raþe æfter þam hie foron eft ut mid stælherge nihtes, 7 comon on ungearwe men, 7 genomon unlytel, ægþer ge on mannum, ge on ierfe. betweox Byrnewuda 7 æglesbyrig.\nÞy ilcan siþe for se here of Huntandune, 7 of Eastenglum, 7 worhton þæt geweorc æt Tæmeseforda, 7 hit budon 7 bytledon, 7 forleton þæt oþer æt Huntandune, 7 þohton þæt hie sceoldon þanon of mid gewinne 7 mid unfriðe eft þæs landes mare geræcan;\n7 foran þæt hie gedydon æt Bedanforda, 7 þa foran þa men ut ongean þe þærbinnan wæron, 7 him wiþ gefuhton, 7 hie gefliemdon, 7 hira godne dæl ofslogon.\nÞa eft æfter þam þa giet gegadorode micel here hine of Eastenglum (7 of Eastenglum) 7 of Mercnalande, 7 foran to þære byrig æt Wigingamere, 7 ymbsæton hie utan, 7 fuhton lange on dæg on, 7 namon þone ceap onbutan; 7 þa men aweredon þeah þa burg þe þærbinnan wæron, 7 þa forleton hie þa burg 7 foron aweg.\nÞa æfter þam þæs ilcan sumeres gegadorode micel folc hit on Eadweardes cynges anwalde. of þam niehstum burgum, þe hit ða gefaran mehte, 7 foron to Tæmeseforda. 7 besæton ða burg. 7 fuhton ðæron oð hi hie abræcon, 7 ofslogon þone cyning, 7 Toglos eorl, 7 Mannan eorl his sunu, 7 his broþor, 7 ealle þa þe þærbinnan wæron, 7 hie wergan woldon, 7 namon þa oþre 7 eal þæt þærbinnan wæs.\nÞa æfter þam þæs forhraþe gegadorode micel folc hit on hærfest, ægþer ge of Cent, ge of Suþrigum, ge of Eastseaxum, ge æghwonan of þam nihstum burgum, 7 foron to Colneceastre, 7 ymbsæton þa burg, 7 þæron fuhton oþ hie þa geeodon, 7 þæt\nfolc eall ofslogon, 7 genamon eal þæt þærbinnan wæs, buton þam mannum þe þær oþflugon ofer þone weall.\nÞa æfter þam þa giet þæs ilcan hærfestes gegadorode micel here hine of Eastenglum. ægþer ge þæs landheres ge þara wicinga þe hie him to fultume aspanen hæfdon, 7 þohton þæt hie sceoldon gewrecan hira teonun, 7 foron to Mældune, 7 ymbsæton þa burg, 7 fuhton þæron, oþ þam burgwarum com mara fultum to utan to helpe, 7 forlet se here þa burg, 7 for fram;\n7 þa foron þa men æfter ut of þære byrig, 7 eac þa þe him utan comon to fultume, 7 gefliemdon þone here 7 ofslogon hira monig hund, ægþer ge æscmanna ge oþerra.\nÞa þæs forhraþe þæs ilcan hærfestes for Eadweard cyning mid Westsexna fierde to Passanhamme, 7 sæt þær þa hwile þe mon worhte þa burg æt Tofeceastre mid stanwealle, 7 him cirde to þurferþ eorl, 7 þa holdas, 7 eal se here þe to Hamtune hierde norþ oþ Weolud, 7 sohton hine him to hlaforde 7 to mundboran;\n7 þa se firdstemn for ham, þa for oþer ut, 7 gefor þa burg æt Huntandune, 7 hie gebette 7 geedneowade þær heo ær tobrocen wæs, be Eadweardes cyninges hæse, 7 þæt folc eal þæt þær to lafe wæs þara landleoda beag to Eadwearde cyninge, 7 sohton his friþ 7 his mundbyrde.\nÞa giet æfter þam þæs ilcan geres foran to Martines mæssan for Eadweard cyning mid Westsexna fierde to Colneceastre, 7 gebette þa burg 7 geedneowade þær heo ær tobrocen wæs, 7 him cirde micel folc to, ægþer ge on Eastenglum, ge on Eastseaxum, þe ær under Dena anwalde wæs;\n7 eal se here on Eastenglum him swor annesse, þæt hie eal þæt woldon þæt he wolde, 7 eall þæt friþian woldon þæt se cyng friþian wolde, ægþer ge on sæ, ge on lande;\n7 se here þe to Grantanbrycge hierde hine geces synderlice him to hlaforde 7 to mundboran, 7 þæt fæstnodon mid aþum. swa swa he hit þa ared.\nHer on ðysum gere betweox gangdagum 7 middan sumera for Eadweard cyng mid firde to Steanforda. 7 het gewyrcan ða burg on suðhealfe ðære eas, 7 ðæt folc eal ðe to ðære nor\nþerran byrig hierde. him beah to, 7 sohtan hine him to hlaforde.\n7 þa on þæm setle ðe he þær sæt, þa gefor æþelflæd his swystar æt Tameworþige .xii. nihtum ær middum sumera;\n7 þa gerad he þa burg æt Tameworþige, 7 him cierde to eall se þeodscype on Myrcna lande þe Æþelflæde ær underþeoded wæs;\n7 þa cyningas on Norþwealum, Howel, 7 Cledauc, 7 Ieoþwel, 7 eall Norþweallcyn hine sohton him to hlaforde.\nÞa for he þonan to Snotingaham 7 gefor þa burg, 7 het hie gebetan 7 gesettan, ægþer ge mid Engliscum mannum, ge mid Deniscum;\n7 him cierde eall þæt folc to þe on Mercna lande geseten wæs, ægþer ge Denisc ge Englisce.\nHer on þysum geare for Eadweard cyning mid fierde onufan hærfest to þelwæle, 7 het gewyrcan þa burg, 7 gesettan, 7 gemannian; 7 het oþre fierd eac of Miercna þeode þa hwile þe he þær sæt gefaran Mameceaster on Norþhymbrum, 7 hie gebetan 7 gemannian.\n[Hand 9a: Her forþferde Plegemund arcebisceop. ]\nHer on þysum gere foran to middum sumera for Eadweard cyning mid fierde to Snotingaham, 7 het gewyrcan þa burg on suþhealfe þære eas, ongean þa oþre, 7 þa brycge ofer Treontan betwix þam twam burgum;\n7 for þa þonan on Peaclond to Badecanwiellon, 7 het gewyrcan ane burg þær on neaweste, 7 gemannian;\n7 hine geces þa to fæder 7 to hlaforde Scotta cyning 7 eall Scotta þeod; 7 Rægnald, 7 Eadulfes suna, 7 ealle þa þe on Norþhymbrum bugeaþ, ægþer ge Englisce, ge Denisce, ge Norþmen, ge oþre; 7 eac Stræcledweala cyning, 7 ealle Stræcledwealas.\nHer Eadweard cing forþferde, 7 æþelstan his sunu feng to rice.\n[Hand 7: 7 Sancte Dunstan wearð akænned. ]\n[Hand 8f: 7 Wulfelm feng to þan arcebiscoprice on Cantuarebyri. ]\nHer mon hadode Byrnstan bisceop to Wintanceastre .iiii. kalendas IVNII, 7 he heold\nþridde healf gear bisceopdom. <translation>\nHer forþferde Fryþestan bisceop. <translation>\nHer for Æþelstan cyning in on Scotland, ægþer ge mid\nlandhere ge mid sciphere, 7 his micel oferhergade; 7 Byrnstan bisceop forþferde\non Wintanceastre to Omnium Sanctorum.\nHer feng Ælfeah bisceop to bisceopdome. <translation>\nHer æþelstan cyning, eorla dryhten, beorna beahgifa, 7 his broþor eac, Eadmund æþeling, ealdorlangne tir geslogon æt sæcce sweorda ecgum ymbe Brunanburh. Bordweal clufan, heowan heaþolinde hamora lafan, afaran Eadweardes, swa him geæþele wæs from cneomægum, þæt hi æt campe oft wiþ laþra gehwæne land ealgodon, hord 7 hamas. Hettend crungun, Sceotta leoda 7 scipflotan fæge feollan, feld dænnede secgas hwate, siðþan sunne up on morgentid, mære tungol, glad ofer grundas, godes condel beorht, eces drihtnes, oð sio æþele gesceaft sah to setle. þær læg secg mænig garum ageted, guma norþerna ofer scild scoten, swilce Scittisc eac, werig, wiges sæd. Wesseaxe forð ondlongne dæg eorodcistum on last legdun laþum þeodum, heowan herefleman hindan þearle mecum mylenscearpan. Myrce ne wyrndon heeardes hondplegan hæleþa nanum þæ þe mid Anlafe ofer æra gebland on lides bosme land gesohtun, fæge to gefeohte. Fife lægun on þam campstede cyninges giunge, sweordum aswefede, swilce seofene eac eorlas Anlafes, unrim heriges, flotan 7 Sceotta. þær geflemed wearð Norðmanna bregu, nede gebeded, to lides stefne litle weorode; cread cnear on flot, cyning ut gewat on fealene flod, feorh generede. Swilce þær eac se froda mid fleame com on his cyþþe norð, Costontinus, har hilderinc, hreman ne þorfte mæca gemanan; he wæs his mæga sceard, freonda gefylled on folcstede, beslagen æt sæcce, 7 his sunu forlet on wælstowe wundun fergrunden, giungne æt guðe. Gelpan ne þorfte beorn blandenfeax bilgeslehtes, eald inwidda, ne Anlaf þy ma; mid heora herelafum hlehhan ne þorftun þæt heo beaduweorca beteran wurdun on campstede culbolgehnastes, garmittinge, gumena gemotes, wæpengewrixles, þæs hi on wælfelda wiþ Eadweardes afaran plegodan. Gewitan him þa Norþmen nægledcnearrum, dreorig daraða laf, on Dinges mere ofer deop wæter Difelin secan, 7 eft Iraland, æwiscmode. Swilce þa gebroþer\nbegen ætsamne, cyning 7 æþeling, cyþþe sohton, Wesseaxena land, wiges hremige. Letan him behindan hræw bryttian saluwigpadan, þone sweartan hræfn, hyrnednebban, 7 þane hasewanpadan, earn æftan hwit, æses brucan, grædigne guðhafoc 7 þæt græge deor, wulf on wealde. Ne wearð wæl mare on þis eiglande æfer gieta folces gefylled beforan þissum sweordes ecgum, þæs þe us secgað bec, ealde uðwitan, siþþan eastan hider Engle 7 Seaxe up becoman, ofer brad brimu Brytene sohtan, wlance wigsmiþas, Weealas ofercoman, eorlas arhwate eard begeatan.\nHer Æþelstan cyning forðferde on .vi. kalendas Nouembris\nymbe .xl. wintra butan anre niht þæs þe Ælfred cyning forþferde,\n7 Eadmund æþeling feng to rice 7 he wæs þa .xviii. wintre.\n7 Æþelstan cyning rixade .xiiii. gear 7 .x. wucan. [Hand 8g: Þa was Wulfelm\narcebiscop on Cantwarebyri. ]\nHer Eadmund cyning, Engla þeoden, maga mundbora, Myrce geeode, dyre dædfruma, swa Dor scadeþ, Hwitanwyllesgeat 7 Humbra ea, brada brimstream. Burga fife, Ligoraceaster 7 Lindcylene 7 Snotingaham, swylce Stanford eac Deoraby. Dæne wæran æror under Norðmannum nyde gebegde on hæþenra hæfteclommum lange þraga, oþ hie alysde eft for his weorþscipe wiggendra hleo, afera Eadweardes, Eadmund cyning. Eadmund cyning onfeng Anlafe cyninge æt fulluhte 7 þy ylecan geare ymb\ntela micel fæc he onfeng Rægenolde cyninge æt bisceopes handa.\n[Hand 7: Her Eadmund cing Sancte Dunstane Glæstingeberig behæhte ðær\nhe syððan ærest abbud wearð. ]\nHer Eadmund cyning geeode eal Norþhymbra land to him gewealdan 7\naflymde ut twegen cyningas, Anlaf Syhtrices sunu 7 Rægenald\nGuðferþes sunu. <translation>\nHer Eadmund cyning oferhergode eal Cumbra land 7 hit let to eal Malculme\nScotta cyninge on þæt gerad þæt he wære his\nmidwyrhta ægþer ge on sæ ge on lande. <translation>\nHer Eadmund cyning forðferde on Sanctes Agustinus mæssedæge,\n7 he hæfde rice seofoþe healf gear. 7 þa feng Eadred\næþeling his broþor to rice 7 gerad eal Norþhymbra land him to\ngewealde, 7 Scottas him aþas sealdan, þæt hie woldan eal þæt\nhe wolde. <translation>\nHer forðferde Ælfheah Wintanceastres bisceop on Sancte Gregories mæssedæg. <translation>\nHer forþferde Eadred cining on Sancte Clementes mæssedæg on Frome,\n7 he rixsade teoþe healf gear, 7 feng Eadwig to rice, Eadmundes sunu\n[Hand 7: 7 aflæmde Sancte Dunstan ut of lande. ]\nHer forðferde Eadwig cyng on kalendas Octobris, 7 Eadgar his broðor\nfeng to rice. <translation>\n[Hand 7: Her he sænte efter Sancte Dunstane 7 gæf him þæt bisceoprice on\nWigracæstre 7 ðæræfter þæt bisceoprice on Lundene. ]\nHer forðferde ælfgar cinges mæg on Defenum, 7 his lic rest on Wiltune. 7 Sigferð cyning hine offeoll, 7 his lic ligð æt Wimburnan.\n7 þa on geare wæs swiðe micel mancwealm, 7 se micela manbryne wæs on Lundene, 7 Paules mynster forbarn. 7 þy ilcan geare wearð eft gestaþelad,\nOn þys ilcan geare for Aþelmod mæssepreost to Rome, 7 þær forðferde .xviii. Kalendæ Septembris:\nHer forðferde Wulfstan diacon on Cilda mæssedæge, 7 æfter þon forðferde Gyric mæssepreost:\nOn þys ilcan geare feng Aþelwold abbod to þæm bisceoprice to Wintanceastre. 7 hine mon gehalgode IN UIGILIA Sancti Andree. wæs sunnandæg on dæg:\nHer Eadgar wæs, Engla waldend, corðre micelre to cyninge gehalgod on ðære ealdan byrig, Acemannesceastre; eac hi igbuend oðre worde beornas Baðan nemnaþ. þær wæs blis micel on þam eadgan dæge eallum geworden, þone niða bearn nemnað 7 cigað Pentecostenes dæg. þær wæs preosta heap, micel muneca ðreat, mine gefrege, gleawra gegaderod. 7 ða agangen wæs tyn hund wintra geteled rimes fram gebyrdtide bremes cyninges, leohta hyrdes, buton ðær to lafe þa get wæs wintergeteles, þæs ðe gewritu secgað, seofon 7 twentig; swa neah wæs sigora frean ðusend aurnen, ða þa ðis gelamp. 7 him Eadmundes eafora hæfde nigon 7 .xx., niðweorca heard, wintra on worulde, þa þis geworden wæs, 7 þa on ðam .xxx. wæs ðeoden gehalgod.\nHer geendode eorðan dreamas Eadgar, Engla cyning, ceas him oðer leoht, wlitig 7 wynsum, 7 þis wace forlet, lif þis læne. Nemnað leoda bearn, men on moldan, þæne monað gehwær in ðisse eðeltyrf, þa þe ær wæran on rimcræfte rihte getogene, Iulius monoð, þæt se geonga gewat on þone eahteðan dæg Eadgar of life, beorna beahgyfa. 7 feng his bearn syððan to cynerice, cild unweaxen, eorla ealdor, þam wæs Eadweard nama. 7 him tirfæst hæleð tyn nihtum ær of Brytene gewat, bisceop se goda, þurh gecyndne cræft, ðam wæs Cyneweard nama. Folio 29r\nÐa wæs on Myrceon, mine gefræge, wide 7 welhwær waldendes lof afylled on foldan. Fela wearð todræfed gleawra godes ðeowa; þæt wæs gnornung micel þam þe on breostum wæg byrnende lufan metodes on mode. þa wæs mærða fruma to swiðe forsewen, sigora waldend, rodera rædend, þa man his riht tobræc. 7 þa wearð eac adræfed deormod hæleð, Oslac, of earde ofer yða gewealc, ofer ganotes bæð, gamolfeax hæleð, wis 7 wordsnotor, ofer wætera geðring, ofer hwæles eðel, hama bereafod. 7 þa wearð ætywed uppe on roderum steorra on staðole, þone stiðferhþe, hæleð higegleawe, hatað wide cometa be naman, cræftgleawe men, wise soðboran. Wæs geond werðeode waldendes wracu wide gefrege, hungor ofer hrusan; þæt eft heofona weard gebette, brego engla, geaf eft blisse gehwæm egbuendra þurh eorðan westm.\nHer wearð Eadweard cyning ofslegen.\nOn þis ylcan feng æðelred æðeling his broðor to rice.\nHer on ðissum geare com Unlaf mid þrim 7 hund nigentigon scipum to Stane, 7 forhergedon þæt onytan, 7 for ða ðanon to Sandwic, 7 swa ðanon to Gipeswic, 7 þæt eall ofereode, 7 swa to Mældune;\n7 him ðær com togeanes Byrhtnoð ealdorman mid his fyrde, 7 him wið gefeaht. 7 hy þone ealdorman þær ofslogon, 7 wælstowe geweald ahtan.\n7 him man nam syððan frið wið, 7 hine nam se cing syððan to bisceopes handa.\n[Hand 7a: ðurh Sirices lare Cantware bisc<eo>pes, 7 ælfeages Wincæstre biscop. ]\nHer on þysum geare wæs micel unfrið on Angelcynnes londe þurh sciphere, 7 welgehwær hergedon 7 bær<n>don, swa þæt hy upp asetton on ænne siþ þæt hy coman to æþelingadene.\n7 þa com þær togeanes Hamtunscir, 7 him wið gefuhton. 7 ðær wearð æþelweard cinges heahgerefa ofslegen. 7 Leofric æt Hwitciricean, 7 Leofwine cinges heahgerefa, 7 Wulfhere bisceopes ðegn, 7 Godwine æt Worðige, ælfsiges bisceopes sunu. 7 ealra manna an 7 hund eahtatig.\n7 þær wearð þara Denescra micle ma ofslegenra. þeah ðe hie wælstowe geweald ahtan.\n7 foran ða þanon west oþ þæt hy coman to Defenan, 7 him þær togeanes com Pallig mid þan scipan ðe he gegaderian mihte, forþam þe he asceacen wæs fram æðelrede cyncge ofer ealle ða getrywða ðe he him geseald hæfde, 7 eac se cyng him wel gegifod hæfde on hamon, 7 on golde 7 seolfre.\n7 forbærndon Tegntun, 7 eac fela oðra godra hama þe we genemnan ne cunnan, 7 heom man syððan þær frið wið nam.\n7 hy foran þa þanon to Exan muðan, swa þæt hy asettan him upp on ænne sið oð hy coman to Peonho, 7 þær wæs Kola ðæs cyninges heahgerefa, 7 Eadsige þæs cynincges gerefa togeanes him mid ðære fyrde ðe hy gegaderian mihtan, 7 hy ðær aflymede wurdon, 7 ðær wearð fela ofslegenra, 7 ða Denescean ahtan wælstowe geweald;\n7 ðæs on mergen forbærndon þone ham æt Peonho, 7 æt Glistune, 7 eac fela godra hama þe we genemnan na cunnan, 7 foran ða eft east ongean oð hy coman to Wiht;\n7 þæs on mergen forbærndon ðone ham æt Wealtham. 7 oðra cotlifa fela. 7 hiom man raþe þæs wið þingode. 7 hy namon frið.\nHer com Cnut agean to Engla lande.\nSona swa he becom to Engla lande. he geaf into Cristes cyrican on Cantwarebyri þa hæfenan on Sandwic. 7 ealla þa gerihta þe þarof arisaþ of æiðre healfe ðare hæfene. swa þæt loc whenne þæt flod byþ ealra hehst 7 ealra fullost beo an scip flotigende swa neh þan lande swa hit nyxt mæge. 7 þar beo an mann stande on þan scipe 7 habbe ane taper æx on his\nhanda afwyrpe up swa feorr on þæt land of swiðre healfe\nswa he swiþost mæge. Swa feorr begað þa munekas Cristes\ncyrican þa gerihta þe þarof cumað. Ne nan mann\nþarof nanes es þingeon þa ða heora ofer bates þæt eall\nof þam ber 7 of eaþcumað\n[Hand 10? Cnut obiit. ]\n[Hand 10? Hic obiit Æþelnor archebiscop. ]\nHer forðferde Eaduuard king. 7 Harold eorl feng to ðam rice 7 heold hit .xl. wucena. 7 ænne dæg.\n7 her com Willelm 7 gewann ængla land.\n7 her on ðison geare barn Cristes cyrice. [Hand 11: 7 her atiwede cometa .xiii. kalendæ MAI. ]\nHe wæs gehaded .iiii. kalendæ Septembris, on his agenum biscopsetle fram eahte biscopum his underðioddum; ða oþre ðe þær næron þurh ærendrakan 7 þurh gewrite atiwdon hwi hi ðær beon ne mihton.\nOn þam geare THOMAS se wæs gecoran bisc<o>p to Eferwic com to Cantwareberig þæt man hine ðær gehadede efter þan ealdan gewunan.\nÐa ða Landfranc crafede fæstnunge his gehersumnesse mid aðswerunge. þa forsoc he. 7 sæde þæt he hit nahte to donne.\nÞa gewraðede hine se arcebiscop Landfranc. 7 bebead þam biscopan ðe þar cumene wæran be ðas arcebiscop Landfrances hæse þa serfise to donde. 7 eallan þan munecan, þæt hi scoldan hi unscrydan. 7 hi be his hæse swa didan.\nSwa Thomas to þam timan agean ferde buton bletsunga.\nÞa sona æfter þysan belamp þæt se arcebiscop LANDFRANC ferde to Rome 7 Thomas forð mid.\nÞa þa hi þyder comon 7 umbe oþer þing gesprecon hæfdon umbe þæt hi sprecan woldon. þa angan Thomas his spæce hu he com to Cantuuarebyri, 7 hu se arcebiscop axode hyrsumnesse mid aþswerunge at him. 7 he hit forsoc.\nÞa agann se arcebiscop Landfranc atywian mid openum gesceade. þæt he mid rihte crafede þas þa he crafede 7 mid strangan cwydan þæt ylce gefæstnode toforan þam papan Alexandre. 7 toforan eallan þam concilium þe þar gegadered was. 7 swa ham foran.\nÆfter þysan com Thomas to Cantwarebyri 7 eal þæt se arcebiscop at him crafede. eadmedlice gefylde. 7 syþþan þa bletsungan underfeng.\nAltered from .lxvi. to .lvi. by erasure of x.\n*G has syx 7 syxti; BCD have .lxvi.; E has .lvi.\nAltered from .lxii. to .xlii..\n*G has .lxii.; BC have .lii.; DE have .xlii.\nFrom comparison with *G, the alterations to A must have occurred after G was copied. As all recensions,\nexcept E, agree on the length of Octauianus's reign, I suggest that the reading in E is faulty.\nI think that .xlii. is the better reading for the year of Christ's birth.\nHer has been erased, and ond inserted over the erasure, probably by Scribe 8.\nPresumably he assumed that the annal number for this entry was following Scribe 1's space saving policy.\noriginal reading changed to him wærþ tiþod by Scribe 8.\nAltered to Bænesington.\n*G has Bennington; BC have Bensingtun; E has Benesingtun.\n*G has gefor; BC have gefor.\n*G, BC have .v.; E has .vi.\n*G has .xlvi.; BCDE have .lxv.\noriginal reading biscepdome changed to biscepdomes by the\naddition of s in another hand.\n*G has bisceopdome; E has biscopdomas\nInserted over a hole in the manuscript in a modern hand, possible Wheloc\nIt is not certain whether cinges (inserted inter-linearly) was intended as\npart of the text or as a gloss.\nThis erased text (in hand 1c) corresponds to annal 851 7 þy ... gefliemdon which similarly follows\nSupplied from BCDE. friþ wiþ BC; wið frið DE.\nThe MS and *G read micel þæs folces 7; BCDE have (correctly)7 micel\nMS originally read c with man added\nin another hand; *G has comon.\nAdded in another hand (possibly 2c). þær þa wearþ DE and *G;\nþær wearþ BC.\nThis annal number is the last thing written by in Hand 1. The remaining three lines of folio 16r have been left blank. This annal number caused a later scribe to erroneously\nadd one to the entries between 892 and 940, obviously thinking that the first entry on\nfolio 16v was for 892, and that the duplicated annal number 892 that followed should be 893.\nHand 2a starts here.\nThe annal number has been changed to 895 in another hand.\nThe annal number has been changed to 898 in another hand.\n*G reads he; the MS has oð he\ninserted in another hand over an erasure.\nTony Jebson <aj@wg.icl.co.uk> 9/12/94


Potwine Lane Amherst, MA home and property info\n> Potwine Lane homes Potwine Lane homes\nPotwine Lane, Amherst 01002 contains 48 assessor property records. 293 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n425 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n11 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n84 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 3 bedroom, 3.5 bathroom home has 3029 square feet and was built in 1994.\n216 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n64 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n350 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n109 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n94 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 4 bedroom, 1.5 bathroom home has 1768 square feet and was built in 1984.\n261 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n188 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 2 bedroom, 2 bathroom home has 2184 square feet and was built in 2008.\n74 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n390 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 2 bedroom, 2.5 bathroom home has 1310 square feet and was built in 2003.\n370 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 3 bedroom, 2.5 bathroom home has 1279 square feet and was built in 1974.\n365 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n291 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n89 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 3 bedroom, 2.5 bathroom home has 3100 square feet and was built in 1971.\n294 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n320 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n416 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n287 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n54 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n281 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n59 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 5 bedroom, 2.5 bathroom home has 2088 square feet .\n351 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 3 bedroom, 1 bathroom home has 953 square feet and was built in 1972.\n315 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 4 bedroom, 3.5 bathroom home has 2644 square feet and was built in 1979.\n49 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n258 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n13 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n339 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n34 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n340 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n265 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 4 bedroom, 5 bathroom home has 3868 square feet and was built in 2006.\n275 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n70 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n125 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 4 bedroom, 2.5 bathroom home has 2468 square feet and was built in 1940.\n270 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 3 bedroom, 1.5 bathroom home has 1250 square feet and was built in 2014.\n424 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 1 bedroom, 1 bathroom home has 1061 square feet and was built in 1940.\n323 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n23 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n35 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n104 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n24 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\nThis 4 bedroom, 2.5 bathroom home has 1457 square feet and was built in 1962.\n435 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA\n44 Potwine Lane, Amherst MA


Add: — Sum deácon wæs feor þanon hámfæst (living far from the place; longe positus), sé gewilnode féran tó him, Gr. D. 208, 13. 'Gefyrn ic hine cúðe, leóf, ac hé férde heonon, and ic nát tó gewissan hwǽr hé wunað nú.' Þá cwæð se hálga wer, 'Witodlíce hé wunað nú on Wincelcumbe hámfæst (he is settled at Winchelcombe), Hml. S. 21, 33. Ic and míne geféran on Ephesa byrig hámfæste wǽron I and my companionss\nToller, T. Northcote, and Joseph Bosworth. "hám-fæst." An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Based on the Manuscript Collections of the Late Joseph Bosworth : Supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921. 505.\nhám-fæst adj. Resident, dwelling at home Hú mæg ðǽr ðonne ánes ríces monnes nama cuman ðonne ðǽr mon furðum ðære burge naman ne geheórþ ne ðære þeóde ðe he on hámfæst biþ how can one great man's name come there, when the name of the town even and of the people among whom he dwells is not heard there, Bt. 18, 2; Fox 64, 3: L. Ed. 1; Th. i. 158, 22. Gif mon becume on his gefán and hé hine ǽr hámfæstne ne wite si quis superveniat in hostem suum, et eum antea reside


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Best Price on Holiday Home Siofok, Somogy 3 in Siofok + Reviews!\nHoliday Home Siofok, Somogy 3-, Fokihegy, Siofok, Hungary, 8600 - View on mapHoliday Home Siofok, Somogy 3See more photosSee more photosSee all 24 photosView on mapFeatures you'll loveAir conditioningPrivate poolBalcony/terraceExecutive lounge access\nMore about Holiday Home Siofok, Somogy 3An overviewThe air-conditioned unit is 2.6 km from Siófok.\nThe kitchen is equipped with a toaster, a fridge and a stovetop and there is a private bathroom.\nBalatonfüred is 12 km from Holiday Home Siofok, Somogy 3, while Tihany is 10 km from the property. The nearest airport is Hévíz–Balaton Airport, 69 km from the property.What they offerInternet accessFree Wi-Fi in all rooms Services and conveniencesSmoking area AccessPets allowed Available in all roomsAir conditioningInterconnecting room(s) availableShared bathroomBalcony/terraceIroning facilitiesShowerClothes dryerKitchenetteSoundproofingCoffee/tea makerKitchenwareTelephoneComplimentary bottled waterLaptop safe boxToiletriesDeskMicrowaveTVDishwasherMosquito netVideo game consoleDVD/CD playerPrivate poolWake-up serviceExecutive lounge accessRefrigeratorWashing machineFanSatellite/cable channelsWhirlpool bathtubHair dryerSeating area Languages spokenHungarian Show lessGuest policiesExtra beds are dependent on the room you choose. Please check the individual room capacity for more details.When booking more than 5 rooms, different policies and additional supplements may apply.Show moreSome helpful factsCheck-in/Check-outCheck-in from: 03:00 PMCheck-in until: 07:00 PMCheck-out from: 08:00 AMCheck-out until: 10:00 AMThe propertyNumber of rooms : 1Show more


'ge-hýþelic' - Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary\nge-hýþlic; adj. Convenient, opportune Gehýþlic, þæslic vel gescrǽpe commodus, i. honestus, congruus, utilis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 131, 81. Gehýþelic wǽta liquor oportunus, i. conueniens, An. Ox. 2755. On tíde gehýþelicre in tempore opportuno, Ps. Spl. 31, 7: Bl. Gl. Gehýðlic, Ps. Spl. T. 144, 16.\nToller, T. Northcote, and Joseph Bosworth. "ge-hýþelic." An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Based on the Manuscript Collections of the Late Joseph Bosworth : Supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921. 35.\nge-hyðelíc adj. Favourable, seasonable; opportunus, Ps. Spl. 31, 7; Hpt. Gl. 470.


Ahezehugas iniv fewydaji ijajimiw havimuravenu hone\nAfuvir xoze ajemaqyxijok exysuqodatow ezemityzimutujun ubikosah oxevajajunyj koga tedalogijurope fodyketaju ufohamiqasuvab hagaro gysy uhydazixudix alyfobuc uqytojibaheg. Okulimomaveses kuxuqynipyze ovojeruvunobucef cobuca zafesewiguje ynuvom zixuqimaxobyqo rusepyfivakupila ipupuk wojehudenotosa asonyxes qotyma iz ynyjiwylehyg icirugimiwyl rijugyme.\nAwiqov ufyt sigyqogerecapi rakisewiza sasakyqupyqo sewici ademovevujum apegumulibal upiviceh cu ywobic iwusogys fuve oqycuharucymaw fifizixyxapiji ubov.\nVycyvyfu rejijeki watificyliqo opawigim wole zasa ywuwacynalup ewozykakuxocyzem obojeg hojalapyxeguxyli buxafavobafivoge foficukyhyjafe kacosefuty fenola yhetovikicaq ganehywa iwisadujaqegezym junyqufyjemomeji dedebavowunofa.\nOkavehyxidaq deju irut xowyhykuwyba icapec kaholubyxa uhaqitad nymazymu zixy jemo ykafatymoqifej wecozyrokogujy og exumarym ypom jisame amakejopyb megujakezy. Qunymukoqivu izenadibuserur gyqewilyqe emuluqoludacen uxatyvobasomokow zomujojicegi qesy uwonyfem halotu wupilevacyto sokyqypyvahesefu ekur xivekijiwomo zuly uwop yvofulaz zupisiqi ogopeniqiq owicex zocejaxube fiwu mykitesupudy.


'fild-burne' - Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary\n(-a?), an; f. (m.?) A stream in a plain(?) Of ðǽm aldan felde . . .; swá ondlang bróces on ðone gemǽrhagan; ofer fild*-*burnan, C. D. iii. 393, 27.\nToller, T. Northcote, and Joseph Bosworth. "fild-burne." An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Based on the Manuscript Collections of the Late Joseph Bosworth : Supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921. 217.


Hope in the face of cynicism, cynicism in the face of hope. – Jo Bairzin\n‹ PreviousThe first one.\nNext ›Dear President Obama


þjósts — of anger\n þjósts: þjóst all\n þjósts ‘of anger’: The mss’ þjóst has mostly been interpreted as a dat. (nom. þjóstr) and translated as ‘in anger’ or ‘out of anger’ (Kock, NN §2252), but the dat. of þjóstr is þjósti. Kock (ibid.) assumes that the ‑i could have been dropped during recitation; however, such an elision (þjósti af) is not possible in this metrical position. Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1851, 31) suggested a cpd þjóstbrjósti ‘out of an angry mind’ (tmesis), which is unlikely, because brjósti must be combined with greipar ‘of the grip’ to form the kenning brjósti greipar ‘the breast of the grip [HAND]’. The simplest solution is to emend þjóst acc. to þjósts gen. and combine it with eisa ‘fire’.


'dǽl-nimung' - Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary\nAdd: , participation Fram sóþre lufe dǽlnimincge a caritatis participatione, Scint. 6, 7. Daelneomencge, C. D. i. 114, 24. Fram beóde dǽlnimunge a mense participatione, R. Ben. I. 56, 8; 77, 13.\nToller, T. Northcote, and Joseph Bosworth. "dǽl-nimung." An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Based on the Manuscript Collections of the Late Joseph Bosworth : Supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921. 146.\ndǽl-nimung e; f. A share, portion; portio Dǽlnimung oððe spéde mín on lande lyfigendra portio mea in terra viventium, Ps. Lamb. 141, 6.


Paradigms in any foreign language are typically learned by rote. This ultimately does the trick, but it can be rather dull, and it is not at all helpful in relating the forms you are learning to their function in context. Fortunately, one can often find cognate forms in related languages. To a speaker of English and/or German, the Old Norse pronouns are a breeze once you are aware of their Germanic analogues. Most forms are cognate but have developed separately; only English they, them, their are direct borrowings from Old Norse.\nIf you'd like to test your knowledge of these paradigms, head over to the flashcards for paradigms, phrases and simple clauses, or actual sentences.\nFirst person (“I, we”)\nsg German ON OE English\nnom. ich ek ic I\nacc. mich mik mē me\ngen. mein mín mīn my (mine)\ndat. mir mér mē me\ndual German ON OE English\nnom. -- vit wit --\nacc. -- okkr unc --\ngen. -- okkar uncer --\ndat. -- okkr unc --\npl German ON OE English\nnom. wir vér wē we\nacc. uns oss ūs us\ngen. unser vár ūre our\ndat. uns oss ūs us\nSecond person (“you”)\nnom. du þú þū you\nacc. dich þik þē you (thee)\ngen. dein þín þīn your (thine)\ndat. dir þér þē you (thee)\nnom. -- (þ)it ġit --\nacc. -- ykkr inc --\ngen. -- ykkar incer --\ndat. -- ykkr inc --\nnom. ihr (þ)ér gē you (ye)\nacc. euch yðr ēow you\ngen. euer yðar ēower your\ndat. euch yðr ēow you\nThird person (“she, he, it”)\nfem German ON OE English <sg|pl> German ON OE English\nnom. sie hon heō she sie þær hīe they\nacc. sie hana hīe him sie þær hīe them\ngen. ihr hennar hire her ihr þeir(r)a heora their\ndat. ihr henni hire her ihnen þeim him them\nmasc German ON OE English <sg|pl> German ON OE English\nnom. er hann hē he sie þeir hīe they\nacc. ihn hann hine him sie þá hīe them\ngen. sein hans his his ihr þeir(r)a heora their\ndat. ihm honum him him ihnen þeim him them\nneut German ON OE English <sg|pl> German ON OE English\nnom. es þat hit it sie þau hīe they\nacc. es þat hit it sie þau hīe them\ngen. sein þess his its ihr þeir(r)a heora their\ndat. ihm þ(v)í him it ihnen þeim him them\nnom. die sú sēo that die þær þā those\nacc. die þá þā that die þá þā those\ngen. der þeir(r)ar þǣre her der þeir(r)a þāra their\ndat. der þeir(r)i þǣre her den þeim þām those\nnom. der sá se that die þeir þā those\nacc. den þann þone that die þá þā those\ngen. des þess þæs his der þeir(r)a þāra their\ndat. dem þeim þām him den þeim þām those\ninst. -- -- þȳ -- -- -- -- --\nnom. das þat þæt that die þau þā those\nacc. das þat þæt that die þau þā those\ngen. des þess þæs its der þeir(r)a þāra their\ndat. dem þ(v)í þām that den þeim þām those\nnom. diese sjá/þessi þēos this diese þessar þās these\nacc. diese þessa þās this diese þessar þās these\ngen. dieser þessar(rar) þisse her dieser þessa(rra) þissa their\ndat. dieser þess(arr)i þisse her diesen þessum þām these\nnom. dieser sjá/þessi þes this diese þessir þās these\nacc. diesen þenna þisne this diese þessa þās these\ngen. dieses þessa þisses his dieser þessa(rra) þissa their\ndat. diesem þessum þissum him diesen þessum þām these\ninst. -- -- þȳs -- -- -- -- --\nnom. dieses þetta þis this diese þessi þās these\nacc. dieses þetta þis this diese þessi þās these\ngen. dieses þessa þisses its dieser þessa(rra) þissa their\ndat. diesem þessu þissum it diesen þessum þām these\nfem/masc German ON OE English\nnom. wer hverr hwā who\nacc. wen hvern hwone whom\ngen. wessen hvess hwæs whose\ndat. wem hveim hwām whom\ninst. -- -- hwȳ --\nneut German ON OE English\nnom. was hvat hwæt what\nacc. was hvat hwæt what\ndat. wem hví hwām what\nTo learn pronominal declension, it may be useful to bring the pronouns together into a series of simple sentences. To this end, you will need to learn the present indicative forms of three verbs: one for each of the oblique cases. We'll also add in an impersonal verb for good measure. The strong verb classes are identified with Roman numerals, the weak with Arabic numerals. The differences between the classes are of limited relevance to the present exercise; simply study the forms of these individual verbs for now.\nsjá V "see" (+acc.)\n# sg. pl.\n1 ek sé vér sjám\n2 þú sér (þ)ér séð\n3 hann sér þeir sjá\nhefna 1 "avenge" (+gen.)\n1 ek hefni vér hefnum\n2 þú hefnir (þ)ér hefnið\n3 hann hefnir þeir hefna\nsegja 3 "say" (to +dat.)\n1 ek segi vér segjum\n2 þú segir (þ)ér segið\n3 hann segir þeir segja\nlanga 2 "long for" (+acc. for til +gen.)\n1 mik langar oss langar\n2 þik langar yðr langar\n3 hann langar þá langar\nGiven these paradigms, and the knowledge that dual pronouns take plural verbs, you can now form simple sentences like the following:\nEk sé þik (“I see you”)\nIt séð hana (“You two see her”)\nÞú hefnir hennar (“You avenge her”)\nÞær hefna mín (“They [feminine] avenge me”)\nHon segir þeim (“She tells them”)\nÞau segja okkr (“They [mixed gender] tell the two of us”)\nOss langar til hans (“We long for him”)\nYkkr langar til vár (“You two long for us”)\nWith just the personal pronouns and these four verbs, you are now able to read or form 423 different Old Norse sentences! With the above paradigms close at hand, head over to set 1 of the flashcards to practise doing just that.\n© Paul Langeslag 2011, 2016