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ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN CREATION OF MODERN ORISSA Subhas Chandra Pattanayak British trespassers could put their avaricious hands on the splendid soil of Orissa in 1803 only after the rest of India had gone into their ugly grip. They ruined the beautiful land so brutally that despite being very vast in natural resources and manpower, the State has not yet been able to resurrect its lost glory. Only two stray notes of modern history are sufficient to help us get glimpses of what was Orissa before British occupation. One: In ‘The History of Bengal, Muslim Period’ (1973, pp. 48-52) Dr. K.R.Quanungo has described the vanquishment of the Muslims, the predecessors of the British in occupying India, in Oriya hands when they had tried to invade their soil. He has noted, “Tughral Tughan Khan was no doubt out-generalled by the King of Orissa who had drawn the enemy far away from their frontier and must have concealed more than one surprising party along the whole route of the enemy’s advance. A greater disaster had not till then befallen the Muslims in any part of Hindustan”. He has even quoted the Muslim historian Minhaj-i-Siraj, who had joined the war as to him that was a ‘holy war’, saying, “The Muslims sustained the overflow and a great number of those holy warriors attained martyrdom”. And two: When the British established its administration in Orissa, its officials who had the opportunity of comparing its indigenous entrepreneurship with that of India were marveled by the incomparable advancement Oriyas had made in commerce and industry. The 4th Judge, Calcutta Court of Circuit, E.Watson had to mention to W.B.Bayley, Secretary to Government in the Judicial Department, on 3 May 1817, that Orissa was so superior in entrepreneurial infrastructure that her “boats were by far the best that I ever saw in any part of India”. It is clear from these two notes that in the eyes of her enemies and invaders, Orissa was matchless in valor and in entrepreneurship in the whole of India before the devilish British desecrated it in 1803. But hardly a year had passed; the brave Oriyas raised their swords in 1804 to expel them from their soil. British historian G. Toynbee has, in “ A Sketch of the History of Orissa (1803-1828)” admitted, “It was not long, however, before we had to encounter a storm which burst with so sudden fury as to threaten our expulsion, if not from the whole of Orissa, at least from the territory of Khurda”.(O.H.R.J. Vol No.1 & 2). British had menacingly used its brutal force to overcome the debacle. But to its total disadvantage and dismay, peoples of Orissa changed their violent battle to non-cooperation, a technique that was later adopted by Gandhiji in advancing the freedom movement in India. British invaders were capable of facing the Orissa swords; but were too bewildered to suppress the non-cooperation movement that they faced for the first time. They had to eventually admit that the “nature of the country (Orissa) and disposition of the inhabitants will always present formidable obstacle to the suppression of these disturbances either by military or police”(Report of Joint Magistrate W. Forrester dated. 9th September 1818 to Commissioner Robert Ker). Forrester’s communication had prompted the British to make truce with the leader of the peoples, Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar, which, of course, as expected by them, conversely bestowed upon the said invaders peoples’ recognition as a government. Taking advantage of this circumstantial recognition, the British, shrewd as it was, divided geographical Orissa into three parts under contrived pleas of better management of administrative affairs and clubbed the separate parts with adjoining provinces that were already under its subjugation with inhabitants thereof serving as docile native servants. This mischief reduced the Oriyas to linguistic minority status in the traditionally rival terrains and their economy was soon ruined due to exploitation leading to repeated\nSaveSave Role of Mass Media in Creation of Orissa For Later\nEditorials Bad if Journalistic Norms Dishonored\nBuddha Emerged as Sri Jagannatha From Orissa’s Matriarch Concept\nOriya Language Movement - A Cronology\nVir Baishnav, the reason of his imprisonment in free India_True copy the historical document\nHow Far Distant is Durga From Durga\nApashora Kuni Apa (Unforgetable Sister Kuni Apa)\nMasses and Mass Media of Orissa for Oriya Language: Documentation of Bhasha Andolan\nTathapi Santana (Yet the Child)\nPremaraPruthibi - The World of Love\nSubhas Ch. Pattanayak Exposes Biju's False Claim as Freedom Fighter\nJanmani Janmani Tvamasi Janani\nhõÑ jÊbþÐi Qtõ `p_Ð¯ÆL\nÞ Ð `õÒ]h jó½Þ¤Òe þ\nJXÏÞhÐ `õÒ]h jó½Þ¤Òeþ NZcÐ^Ôc\nÒmþML : hõÑ jÊbþÐi Qtõ `p_Ð¯ÆL ,[ÞNÞeÞþA\njeþLÐeþÑ ajÐ : bÞ.þ Aeç.þ 32, ¯ÊÆ_VÞ ç 6, bÊaþ Ò_hèeþ 751001\n`õLÐhL : Òj×bþÐiÔ\n¯ÊÆ_VÞ ç 6, bÊaþ Ò_hèeþ 751001\njÕ`õjÐeþL : ]Þ _ÊÔSç jÞ¨ÆÞ ÒLVç\njè[éþ : hÐhè[ `p_Ð¯ÆL , ÒmþML*¼ jÊ`Ê[ö\n`õ\_c `õLÐh_ : 2009\ncËmÔþ : `QÐhþ V*¼Ð cÐ[ö\nOrissa Pradesh Srustire Gana Maadhyama\n(Role of Mass Media in Creation of Orissa)\nAuthor : Sri Subhas Chandra Pattanayak of Tigiria\nOfficial Residence: VR 32, Unit 6,Bhubaneswar 751001\nPublisher : Saubhasya\nUnit 6, Bhubaneswar 751001\nCirculator : The News Syndicate\n© Saswat Pattanayak, Son of the Author\nPrice : Rupees Fifty only\nAvailable at: http://thenewssyndicate.com/store/\nISBN : 978-81-907469-6-0\ncÐ$Þ¼A kþÐ[Òeþ eþÐSÒ_ß[ÞL h¦ÞÆ WÊf ÒkþÒmþ cÐ[óbËþcÞ aÞ`dàÔªÆ kÊþH¼¼Ð\n]Ëeþ]ó½Þ¤kþÑ_ jèÐ\_àÐu ÒmþÐÒL lc[Ð @¦ÞÆAeþ Leþ«ÞÆ J Ò\_ÐÒXÏ Ò[ÐiÐc]LÐeþÑ\nÒ`ÐiÐ LÊrÐþ `eÞþ ÒjcÐ_*¼ `]Òmþk_þ LeÞþ eþÐSÔeþ Òbþ×cÞL J Òa×wÞL aÞbaþ LÊ\ndÐkþÐ*¼ Ò_[[é J ILÐ«ÞÆL _Þº¤Ð Òkþ[Ê eþÐSÒ_ß[ÞL JXÏÞhÐ mþÐbþ LeÞþRÞ\n[Ð'eþ Òbþ×NfÞL LÒfaeþ, ÒjkÞþ `ËZÔÒhýÐL LÊfÒN×eþa c^Ê jË]_ ]Ðj [Ð*¼\njc¯ÆÒeþ aÞ Ò[ÐiÐc]ÞA*¼ AQeþZ mþlÔ LeÞþ ÒmþMÞ\_ÞÒmþ, "[Ê cÒ_ bþÐaÞRÊ\nÒ[ÐiÐc] LeÞþ aYÏÐBaÊ SÐ[Þ cÐ_ ? Ò[ÐiÐc]ÞAeþ LÊLÊeþ `õLó[Þ @BÕWÐ\nLÞ«ÊÆ @uÐeþ Òd`eÞþ AÒmþÐL Aeþ `ÒV mÊþQÞ\_ÐH jÊÒdÐN D¨ÞÆ LÐ¯ÆÐ\naÞªÆÐeþ LeÞþaÐLÊ , Ò[ÐiÐc]ÞA ÒNÐº¤Ñ aÞ Òj`eÞþ jÐcÐSÞL jÒQ[_[Ð Aeþ\n`ÒV mÊþQÞ eþkÞþ\_ÐH jÊÒdÐN `ÐBÒmþ TþÐÕ` cÐeÞþ jcÐSLÊ ÒhÐiZ LeÞþaÐLÊ¼¼Ð\nHkÞþ`eÞþ R]ëOÐ[L Ò\_ÐÒXÏ Ò[ÐiÐc]ÞA c[mþaçÒMÐeþ ÒmþÐL _ÞS _ÞS\n@hÊw @bÞþjuÞ QeÞþ[Ð\_à LeÞþaÐ `ÐBÜ jÊÒdÐN `ÐB\_ÞaÐ Òkþ[Ê JXÏÞhÐÒeþ HÒa\nHLÐWÞ ÒkþÐBR«ÞÆ HaÕ ÒjkÞþcÐ_*¼ Rf afÒeþ JXÏÞhÐÒeþ @`ËSÔ`ËSÐ QÐmÞþRÞ¼¼Ð\n$¼fÒeþ N[ ]haià ^eÞþ HkþÐeþ cÊMÔc§ÆÑ ÒkþÐB ajÞR«ÞÆ _aÑ_ `p_Ð¯ÆL,\ndÐkþÐÆ*Ê¼ JXÏÞA bþÐiÐ SZÐ _ÐkÚþ LÞ dÐkþÐ*¼eþ HkÞþ bþÐiÐ `õ[Þ ANõkþ c^Ô\n_ÐkÚþ¼¼Ð H JXÏÞA bþÐiÐ aÞÒeþÐ^Ñ H`eÞþ SÒZ aÔ¦ÞÆ Òd, [Þ_Þaià ÒkþÐBNmþÐ\nHkþÐ*¼ jeþLÐe JXÏÞhÐ jÐkÞþ[Ô HLÐÒXÏcÑ `ÐBÜ SÒZ @^Ôl aÞ _ÞdÊ¦Æ LeÞþÞ\n_ÐkþÐ«ÞÆ¼¼Ð HkþÐ*¼ eþÐSÊ[ÞÒeþ aÞÒ]hÑ bþÐiÐeþ A^Þ`[Ô aYÏÞRÞ JXÏÞhÐÒeþ¼¼Ð\n@ZJXÏÞA*¼ A^Þ`[Ô LafþLÊ MjÞ QÐmÞþRÞ JXÏÞhÐeþ Òbþ×cÞL jÕ`] , `õÐLó[ÞL\naÞbþa J jÐÕ²ôÆ[ÞL I[ÞkþÔ¼¼WÞLç ÒdcÞ[Þ aöÞVÞhç @cfÒeþ QÐmÞþ\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð\nLÞ«ÊÆ JXÏÞhÐ ÒkþDRÞ ÒjkÞþ eþÐSÔ ÒdDÜWÞ S_jÐ^ÐeþZ _ÞS cÐ[óbþÐiÐLÊ\n@ZJXÏÞA*¼ @`QLõÐ«Æ LafeÊþ eþlÐ LeÞþaÐ`ÐBÜ jÐeþÐ bþÐeþ[Òeþ jaà `õ\_Òc\nNYÏÞ Ò[ÐfÞ\_ÞÒmþ _ÞS bþÐiÐeþ H`eÞþ HL jÐcõÐSÔ dÐkþÐ Ð_Ñ«Æ_ aÞhèÒeþ\n\_ÞmþÐ @__Ô, \_ÞmþÐ dÊNÐ«ÆLÐeþÑ ¼¼Ð HkþÐ H`eÞþ A[ëÞL, bþÐÒaßLÔbþeþÐ, @Òbþ]Ô\nJ jÐtõ \_ÞmÐþ Òd JXÏAÞ bþÐiÐbþÐiÑ bËMþ ¨ÆLÊ bþÐN bþÐN LeÞÒþ ]B\_ÞaÐ jÐcõÐSÔaÐ]Ñ\naöÞVÞhç h¦ÞÆ [Ð'eþ HkÞþ bþÐiÐ jÐcõÐSÔeþ @mÕþOÔ[Ð J @`eþÐÒS¯Æ[ÐLÊ j®¤Ð_\nSZÐBaÐLÊ aÐ^Ô ÒkþÐB\_ÞmþÐ J bþÐeþ[eÊþ [Ðeþ Òbþ×ÒNÐfÞL D`_ÞÒah DWÐB\nÒ_aÐeþ 11 aià `Ëaeà þÊ JXÏA Þ bþÐiÐbþÐiÑ bËMþ ¨ÆeþÊ aöVÞ hÞ ç `õÒQÐ]Þ[ @ZJXÏA\nbþÐiÐ-D`_ÞÒah _Þ´ÆÐjÞ[ ÒkþÐB\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð 1936 H`õÞmçþ `kÞþmþÐÒeþ `õ[ÞÒahÑ\n@ZJXÏÞA*¼ K`_ÞÒahÞL @`RÐ¯ÆÐ D[çMÐ[ LeÞþ D]Þ[ ÒkþÐB\_ÞmþÐ A^Ê_ÞL\nJXÏÞhÐ dÐkþÐ \_ÞmþÐ jÐeþÐ bþÐeþ[Òeþ bþÐiÐ bÞþrÞþÒeþ `õÒ]h NW_eþ `õ\_c\njËÒdàÔÐ]¯Æ¼¼Ð HaÕ HL ÒN×eþac¯Æ SÐ[Þ bþÐÒa JXÏÞA SÐ[Þ bþÐeþ[eþ jèÐ^Ñ_[Ð\njÕNõÐcÒeþ _ÞSLÊ `ËÀà¤[Ó jÕdÊ¦Æ LeÞþ\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð\nÒ]h jèÐ^Ñ_ ÒkþaÐ `Òeþ, jcè^Þ Ð_ `õZÑ[ ÒkþÐB, S_`õ[_Þ ^Þ ÒÞ LßtLÞõ\nhÐj_ÒhßfÑ `õÒQÐ]Þ[ ÒkþaÐ `Òeþ JXÏÞhÐ kÚþ \_ÞmþÐ jÐeþÐ bþÐeþ[Òeþ `õ\_c\n`õÒ]h dÐkþÐ _ÞS cÐ[óbþÐiÐLÊ jeþLÐeþÑ bþÐiÐ bþÐÒa @mÕþOÔ LeÞþaÐLÊ HL\njè[§Æ AB_ `õZ¯Æ_ LeÞþ\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð The Orissa Official Languages\nAct, 1954 Òeþ jcªÆ J Òd ÒL×ZjÞ jeþLÐeþÑ DÒ~hÔÒeþ JXÏÞA bþÐiÐ\naÔakóþ[ ÒkþaÐLÊ ("to be used for all or any of the official pur-\nposes of the State of Orissa") aÔayÐ afarþeþ LeþÐ dÐB\_mþÐ¼¼Ð\nLÞ«ÊÆ _aÑ_ `p_Ð¯ÆL*¼ aÐ`Ð aÞSÊ `p_Ð¯ÆL ÒdÒ[ÒaÒf cMÔc§ÆÑ\nÒkþÐBNÒmþ, JXÏÞA SÐ[ÞLÊ `ReÊþ RÊeþÐ cÐeÞþ Òj kÚþ HkÞþ AB_LÊ _ÞeÊþ~Þ½¤\nLeþÐBÒ]aÐLÊ iXÏd§Æ LeÞþ \_ÞÒmþ¼¼Ð H\_ÞÒeþ 1963Òeþ `õ\_c jÕÒhÐ^_\n(Act 18 of 1963) AZÞ BÕeþÐSÑ bþÐiÐ aÞ JXÏÞA bþÐiÐ jÐ=¼LÊ jeþLÐeþÑ\nbþÐiÐ bþÐÒa aÞ^Ð_ jbþÐÒeþ QÐmÞþa ("in addition to Oriya for trans-\naction of business in Legislature of the State of Orissa")ÒaÐmÞþ\naÔayÐ M&¼ÐNmþÐþ¼¼Ð hW[Ð J ^Ëràþ[ÐÒeþ aÞSÊ `p_Ð¯ÆL*¼ [Ëf_Ð [ _ÐkÚþ¼¼Ð\njcªÆ J Òd ÒL×ZjÞ jeþLÐeþÑ DÒ~hÔÒeþ JXÏÞA jÐ=¼LÊ BÕeþÐSÑ QÐmÞþa\nÒaÐmÞþ d]Þ HkÞþ jÕÒhÐ^_Òeþ aÔayÐ M&Þ¼aÐLÊ Òj ÒQ½¤Ð LeÞþ\_ÐÒ«Æ, Ò[Òa\nÒj jÕÒhÐ^_ ÒLÒa aÞ aÞ^Ð_ jbþÐÒeþ NókþÑ[ ÒkþÐB`ÐeÞþ _\_Ð«ÆÐ¼¼Ð Ò[ZÊ @[Þ\n^Ëràþ[Ðeþ jkþ HkÞþ hW jÕÒhÐ^_Òeþ aÞ^Ð_jbþÐeþ LÐdàÔ^ÐeþÐÒeþ BÕeþÐSÑ\naÔakþÐeþ Òkþa ÒaÐmÞþ aÔayÐ M&¼ÐNmþÐ J jÕÒhÐ^_VÞ `ÐeÞþ[ ÒkþÐBNmþÐ\n`Òeþ @amþÑfÐLõÒc BÕeþÐSÑ ÒkþÐBDWÞmþÐ JXÏÞhÐeþ `õLó[ aÔakóþ[ jeþLÐeþÑ\nbþÐiÐ J JXÏÞA bþÐiÐ `õhÐj_ÞL @`eÞþkþÐdàÔ[Ð J _ÐNeÞþL aÔakþÐeÞþL[Ð\nkþeþÐB ÒWmÞþ ÒkþÐBNmþÐ @`ÐP¼çÒ¦Æ¯Æ[Ð LafLÊ `Ê_aàÐeþ¼¼Ð\nHkÞþ @Ò^Ð`[_ _aÑ_ `p_Ð¯ÆL*¼ hÐj_ LÐfÒeþ AjÞ `kþqRÞ Þ H`eÞþ\nHL `dàÔÐ¯ÆÒeþ Òd jeþLÐeþÑ Lróàþ[éÐ^Ñ_ JXÏÞhÐ jÐkÞþ[Ô HLÐÒXÏcÑ QÐmÞþRÞ\naÞ_Ð @^ÔlÒeþ ]ÑOà [Þ_Þaià ^eÞþ¼¼Ð\nH aÐ``Ê@*¼ Òkþ[Ê JXÏÞhÐeþ CiàZÑ¯Æ bþÐiÐ jÐcõÐSÔ DSÊXÏÞ dÐB jÐeÞþRÞ\nHaÕ ÒLÒa Òd AD [Ðeþ `Ê_eÊþwÐeþ Òkþa, @tÐS LeÞþ ÒkþD_ÐkÚþ¼¼Ð JXÏÞAeþ\nS_ê cÐVÞ aÞ aÞ`] ÒOeþÒeþ `XÏÞRÞ¼¼Ð aÞSÊ*¼ Òkþ[Ê H.B.Hjç. `eÞþ aÞÒ]hÑ\nÒa`ÐeþÑ jÕyÐ Òd`eÞþ JXÏÞhÐLÊ mÊþVç LeÞþaÐLÊ jeþLÐeþÑ jkþÒdÐN `ÐB\_ÞÒmþ,\n_aÑ_*¼ Òkþ[Ê Òj`eÞþ Ò`ÐÒ²ÆÐ J Òa]Ð«Æ `eÞþ aÞÒ]hÑ akÊþeþÐ½ö¤Ñ¯Æ Òa`ÐeþÑ\nJXÏÞhÐLÊ mÊþ¶¤_ LeÞþaÐLÊ jeþLÐeþÑ Ò`õÐ—Ðkþ_ J jkþÒdÐN `ÐDR«ÞÆ¼¼Ð ÒOÐeþ\nmþ³ÆÐS_L ÒkþDRÞ HkþÐ kÚþ Òd JXÏA Þ SÐ[Þ kþÐ[eÊþ [Ð'eþ cÐVÞ J MZÞS MjÞdÐD\_ÞaÐ\nÒaÒf HaÕ HkÞþ aÞÒ]hÑ @ZJXÏA Þ *¼ Ò`ßhÐQÞL `Ð] [Òf _Þ¯ÆcNÞeþÞ NucÐ~à_\n`eÞþ @có[c¯Æ J @__Ô `õÐLó[ÞL aÞbþa ^èÕj cÊMLÊ ÒWmÞþ ÒkþÐB dÐD\_ÞaÐ\nÒaÒf cÐ[óbcþË Þ `õ[Þ @_Êe¦þ Æ ÒdDÜ JXÏA\nÞ cÐÒ_ [ÐLÊ aÞÒeþÐ^ LeÊRþ «ÞÆ _aÑ_*¼\nj`laÐ]Ñ ÒNÐº¤Ñ ÒjcÐ_*Ê¼ Ò]ßkÞþL ALõcZ LeÊþRÞ¼¼Ð JXÏÞhÐ mÊþ¶¤_eþ\naÞÒeþÐ^ÑcÐ_*¼ aÞewþÊ Òeþ jÊa^Þ ÐaÐ]ÑcÐ_*Ê¼ _ÞS j`laÐ]Ñ bþÐÒa NYÏÞ aÞÒ]hÑ\nJ @ZJXÏA Þ Òa`ÐeþÑcÐÒ_ JXÏA Þ SÐ[Þeþ ILÔ J jÕkþ[Þ `õ[Þ ckþÐ aÞ`rÞþ jó½¤Þ\nLeÞþ QÐmÞþR«ÞÆ¼¼Ð @\_Q _aÑ_ `p_Ð¯ÆL*¼ jeþLÐeþ ÒjkÞþcÐ_*Ê¼ Ò`õÐ—Ðkþ_\nÒdÐNÐDRÞ J jkþÐdÔ LeÞþ QÐmÞþRÞ¼¼Ð cÐVÞ cÐALÊ bþmþ`ÐD\_ÞaÐ J [ÐLÊ kÚþ AhõÐ\nLeÞþ eþkÞþ\_ÞaÐ JXÏÞAcÐÒ_ [fÞ [fÐ«Æ ÒkþÐBNÒmþZÞ¼¼Ð @ayÐ H`eÞþ ÒhÐQ_Ñ¯Æ\nÒkþÐBDWÞRÞ Òd jcèm`þ eÊ þ SÞmÐþî jÒc[ `¾Þ¤c JXÏhÞ ÐÒeþ cÊ¨Æ ÒVLÞ DWÊR¼Þ `ó\_L\nÒkþÐBdÞaÐeþ _ÞhÐ¼¼Ð ]lÞZ JXÏÞhÐ, Drþeþ JXÏÞhÐ `eÞþ aÞRÞ_ï[ÐaÐ]Ñ aÞbþÐa_Ð\njó½¤Þ LeÞQþ ÐmÞRþ Þ eþÐSÔ `õhÐj_ _ÞS `õaq_ÐLÊ ÒOÐXÏZÑ Ò]aÐ `õ¯ÆÐjÒeþ¼¼Ð HaÕ\nJXÏhÞ Ðeþ `õbÐþ ahÐfÑ jcèÐ]`[öcÐÒ_ aÞsÐ`_ ÒmþÐbþÒeþ HkÞþ aÞbÐþ a_Ðeþ aÐkþL\nH`eÞþ @ayÐÒeþ _ÞS cÐ[óbËþcÞLÊ J cÐ[óbþÐiÐLÊ bþmþ`ÐD\_ÞaÐ SÒZ\nJXÏAÞ L'Z LeÞ`þ ÐÒeþ? SÒZ aÑdàÔkþÑ_ aÔ¦ÞÆ Òd`eÞþ [Ðeþ aÑdàÔaÐ_ ]Þ_NÊXLÞÏ Ê\ncÒ_ `LÐBaÐLÊ bþmþ`ÐH, ÒcÐeþ HkÞþ lÊ]ö _ÞauÒeþ cÊÜ [ÐkþÐ kÚþ LeÞþRÞ¼¼Ð\n@_Ê`Òõ ahLÐeþÑ aöVÞ hÞ ç J [Ð jkþ kþÐ[cÞfÐB JXÏhÞ ÐLÊ mÊ¶þ ¤_ LeÞQþ ÐmÞ\_þ aÞ Ð\n@ZJXÏA Þ cÐ_*¼ Ò`ßhÐQÞL QLõLÊ `õ[kÞ [þ LeÞþ Ac `Ëa`à eÊ ÒþÊ i Ac cÐ[óbÐþ iÐeþ\nbÞþrÞþ D`Òeþ LÞ`eÞþ Ac cÐ[óbËþcÞLÊ SkíþÐ] LafeÊþ eþlÐLeÞþ , [Ð'eþ RÞ_ï aÞRÞ_ï\nLÒfaeþLÊ d`ùÒeþÐ_ÐªÞÆ HL[ö LeÞþ , A^Ê_LÞ JXÏhÞ Ð NW_`ÐBÜ jlc ÒkþÐB\_ÞÒmþ\nHaÕ [kÚþÒeþ AceÞþ þ bþÐiÐeþ NZcÐ^Ôc LÞ`eÞþ Ò_[ó[é]Ð¯ÆÑ ]Ð¯ÞÆ[é _ÞaàÐkþ\nLeÞ\_þ mÞ Ðþ [kÚeþ þ `õcÐZÞL [\_Ô J [\_ÔÐhõ¯ÆÑ aÞÒhýiZ `õ\_c \_eþ `ÐBÜ HkÞþ lÊ]ö\n_ÞauÒeþ A`Z*Ê¼ `õÐ`Ô Òkþa¼¼Ð\nHkþÐ cÊÜ HkÞþ AhÐÒeþ ÒMÐ]Þ[ LeÞþaÐLÊ dÐDRÞ LÞ, cÐ[óbËþcÞ JXÏÞhÐLÊ\nbþmþ`ÐD\_ÞaÐ ÒmþÐÒL @_Êbþa Leþ«ÊÆ, '' LÞ \_ÞmþÐ H eþÐSÔ, LÞ ÒkþÐBRÞ AS'' HaÕ\nQÞ«ÆÐ Leþ«ÊÆ , `õ[ÐeþZÐ J `õaq_Ðeþ LÐf$¼Ðh LafeÊþ LÞ`eÞþ J ÒLÒ[ hÑOõ\ncÐ[óbËþcÞ JXÏÞhÐLÊ DwÐeþ LeþÐdÐB`ÐÒeþ¼¼Ð\n@N½¤ 11, 2009\nþÞ NXÏ j_ïLÞ V _ËA hÐj_eþ `ÊZÔÒhýÐL aÑeþ LÞÒhÐeþ ]Ðh ÒcÐeþ\n`õ\_c hÞlL¼¼Ð Ac NXÏÒeþ \_ÞmþÐ [Ð*¼ QÐVhÐfÑ¼¼Ð ÒjBWÞ hÞMÞ\_ÞmÞþ ÒcÐ\ncÐ[óbÐþ iÐeþ `õ\_c @leþ¼¼Ð ÒjBWÞ `õ\_Òc aÐeÞ\_þ mÞ ,þÞ aÐ`cÐA*¼ `eÞ^þ Þ aÐkþÐÒeþ\nH`eÞþ SÒZ ÒmþÐL \_ÞÒa Òd HLÐ^ÐeþÒeþ aÐ`cÐA Dbþ¯Æ ÒkþÐBdÐB`ÐeÊþ\_ÞÒa\nÒjïkþÒeþ¼¼Ð [Ð*Ê¼ cÒ_ `LÐBÒmþ, c_ ALÐh `eÞþ @jÑc ÒkþÐB\_ÞÒmþ aÞ Òj\n[Ð'WÊ aXÏ mþÐN«ÞÆ¼¼Ð `qbËþ[Òeþ aÞmþÑ_ ÒkþÐB jÐeÞþRÞ AMÞÒeþ `XÊ\_ÞaÐ [Ð*¼\nÒ]kþVÞ ÒLÒaWÊ¼¼Ð LÞ«ÊÆ jaÊ hÊbþ Ò`õeþZÐeþ @_Ô[c D~Ñ©Æ D— ÒkþÐB Òj kÚþ\neþkÞþR«ÞÆ ÒcÐ SÑa_Òeþ _Þeþa^Þ¼¼Ð HkÞþ _ÞauVÞ [Ð*¼eÞþ @cýÐ_ jëÌ[ÞÒeþ jc`Ù[¼¼Ð\nLÞ \_ÞmþÐ JXÏÞhÐ\naöÞVÞhç LafLÊ dÞaÐÒeþ JXÏÞhÐ \_ÞmþÐ bþÐeþ[eþ Òhi bËþcÞ¼¼Ð LÞ«ÊÆ aöÞVÞhç\nA^Þ`[Ô @`jÐeþZ `ÐBÜ [Ð aÞeÊþwÒeþ @±Æ Ò[ÐfÞaÐÒeþ HkþÐkÚþ \_ÞmþÐ `õ\_c¼¼Ð\nHkþÐ kÚþ \_ÞmþÐ JXÏÞhÐ¼¼Ð bþÐeþ[eþ @_Ô ÒL×ZjÞ `õÒ]h HkÞþ ÒaßhÞ½¤Ôeþ @^ÞLÐeþÑ\n_Êk«þ ÆÞ ¼¼Ð V¯Æ_aç Ñ*¼ jèÑLÐÒeþÐ¦ÞÆ ÒkþmÐþ , AÒc JXÏhÞ Ð ]Mmþ LeÊÜþ _ LeÊZþ ÜÊ H`eÞþ\nHL D[©Æ TþXÏ ÒmþmÞþkþÐ_ ÒkþÐBDWÞ\_ÞmþÐ dÐkþÐ jó½Þ¤ LeÞþ\_ÞmþÐ jcNõ JXÏÞhÐeÊþ _\nÒkþÒmþ aÞ MÊeÊþ^Ð cÊmþLeÊþ AÒc [XÏÐ MÐBdÞaÐeþ Ah*¼Ð "It was not long,\nhowever, before we had to encounter a storm which burst\nwith so sudden fury as to threaten our expulsion, if not from\nthe whole of Orissa, at least from the territory of Khurda".\n(A sketch of the History of Orissa, G.Toynbee / O.H.R.J.\nVol No.1& 2)\njÐeþÐ bþÐeþ[Òeþ HkþÐ \_ÞmþÐ @__Ô J aªÊÆ[Ó \_ÞmþÐ bþÐeþ[eþ `õ\_c\njèÐ^Ñ_[Ð jÕNõÐc¼¼Ð HkþÐLÊ jÐcïÐ LeÞþaÐ aöVÞhç `Òl @jc÷a \_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð LcÞj_eçþ\nRobert Ker*Ê¼ 9¼¼Ð9¼¼Ð1818 [ÐeÞþMÒeþ SHÃ¤ cÐSÞÒ½ö¤Vç W.Forrester\nSZÐB\_ÞÒmþ , JXÏÞhÐ cÐVÞeþ NÊZ J JXÏÞA SÐ[Þeþ cÞSÐSç H`eÞþ [ÑÄ¤ Òd\nÒj_Ð_Ñ aÐ Ò`ÐmÞþjç aÐkÞþ_Ñ afÒeþ HkÞþ dÊw SÞ[ÞaÐ aöÞVÞhç `Òl jc÷a _ÊÒkþÜ¼¼Ð\n( "Since the breaking out of the insurrection very few men of\nany consequence have ever been apprehended and it is to\nbe feared that the nature of the country and disposition of\nthe inhabitants will always present formidible obstacle to\nthe supression of these disturbances either by military or\npolice".(Para 18 of the Report)\n$¼fÒeþ, JXÏAÞ SÐ[Þeþ Ò_[ó[é Ò_B\_ÞaÐ aµÞÆ SNauÊ aÞ]ÔÐ^eþ ckþÐ`Ð[ö*¼\njkþ juÞ yÐ`_ `ÐBÜ aÐ^Ô ÒkþÐB\_ÞmþÐ aöÞVÞhç HaÕ `eÞþZÐc[Ó cjç_]Ñ¯Æ\njèÑLó[Þ @Sà_ LeÞþ\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð\nbþÐeþ[eþ @_ÔÐ_Ô @qfNÊXLÞÏ , aÞÒhi[Ó JXÏhÞ Ðeþ `ÒXÏÐhÑ `õÒ]hNÊXLÞÏ\naöÞVÞhç jkþ jÐmÞþjç LeÞþ eþkÞþaÐ `eÞþaÒrþà JXÏÞA*¼ jkþ kþÐ[ cÞfÐB _ÞS _ÞS\n@qfeþ cÊ¦ÞÆ `ÐBÜ d]Þ AÒNB AjÞ\_ÐÒ«Æ Ò[Òa ÒjÒ[ÒaÒf LqÐ @ayÐÒeþ\n\_ÞaÐ aÞmÐþ [Þ LaçSÐ bþÐeþ[LÊ kÊHþ [ HÒ[ ]ÑOà ]Þ_ [Ð LafÒeþ eþM`Þ ÐeÞ_þ \_Ð«ÆÐ\nJ bþÐeþ[eþ HkÞþ `õ\_c jèÐ^Ñ_[Ð jÕNõÐc kÊþH[ jÊ_Þ¾Þ¤[ bþÐÒa _ÞÀà¤Ð¯ÆL\ncÐ[ö ÒjkÞþ `ÒXÏÐhÑ eþÐSÔaÐjÑcÐÒ_ `ËaàeÊþ JXÏÞAcÐ_*¼WÐeÊþ `ÐB\_ÞaÐ\n`eþÐbþa J [³Æ_Þ[ kþÑ_c_Ô[ÐÒeþ H`eÞþ AR_ï ÒkþÐBeþkÞþ\_ÞÒmþ Òd [kÚþeÊþ\n_Þ´ôÆ[Þ mþÐbþ LeÞþ JXÏÞAcÐ_*¼ D`Òeþ `õ[ÞÒhÐ^ Ò_aÐLÊ aöÞVÞhç jkþ kþÐ[\ncÞfÐBaÐ HL jÊÒdÐN ÒaÐmÞþ cÒ_LÒmþ¼¼Ð\nJXÏÞA*¼ @LÊÒ[Ðbþ¯Æ Ò]hÒ`õc j®Ê¤MÒeþ @_Ê`õÒahLÐeþÑ aöÞVÞhç _ÞSLÊ\nHÒ[ @jÊeþlÞ[ cZÊ\_ÞmþÐ Òd, HkÞþ aÑeþ SÐ[Þeþ ILÔ J jÕkþ[Þ Òd`eÞþ @^ÞL\nLÐf jÊ]Yó Ï ÒkþÐB _ eþÒkþ HaÕ DSÊXÞÏ dÐH ÒjkÞþ D`Ð¯Æ ÒMÐSÊ\_mÞ Ðþ ¼¼Ð $¼Òeþ½¤e*çþ ¼\nD`ÒeþÐwórþ @bÞþc[ Ò`õlÐ`VÒeþ aµÞÆ SNauÊ*¼ jkþ juÞ yÐ`_ ]éÐeþÐ ÒdDÜ\ncjç_]Ñ¯Æ jèÑLó[Þ [ÐkþÐ `ÐB`ÐeÞþ\_ÞmþÐ [ÐkþÐeÞþ juÞÒeþ kÚþ HkÞþ D`Ð¯Æ [ÐLÊ\nhÐj_ `eÞþQÐf_Ð `ÐBÜ jÊaÞ^Ð Òkþa ÒaÐmÞþ dÊ¦ÞÆ LeÞþ [ÐkþÐ bþÐN bþÐN\nLeÞþÒ]mþÐ JXÏÞA cÐVÞLÊ HaÕ `ÒXÏÐhÑ @ZJXÏÞA `õÒ]hNÊXÏÞL jkþ ÒjkÞþ\nbþÐNNÊXÏÞLÊ ÒdÐXÏÞ ÒjWÞLÐeþ JXÏÞAcÐ_*Ê¼ ÒjkÞþ ÒjkÞþ @jkÞþ»Ê¤ eþÐSÔcÐ_*¼Òeþ\njÕMÔÐmþOÊ ªÆeþLÊ MjÐBÒ]mþÐ¼¼Ð [~èÐeþÐ JXÏÞAcÐ_*¼ Òd×\_aÞLõc [fÞ[fÐ«Æ\nÒkþÐBNmþÐ J aöÞVÞhç _ÞSLÊ _ÞeþÐ`] cZÞmþÐ¼¼Ð HaÕ , [kÚþeþ jÊÒdÐN Ò_B ÒjkÞþ\nCiÊàL `ÒXÏÐhÑcÐÒ_ _ÞS _ÞS aÞmþÐ[Þ `õbÊþcÐ_*¼ jkþÐ¯Æ[ÐÒeþ JXÏÞAcÐ_*¼\njaà_Ðh bÞþABÒmþ¼¼Ð JXÏÞAcÐ_*¼ Òbþ×cÞL jÕ`rÞþ J jÐÕ²ôÆ[ÞL I[ÞkþÔ mÊþVç\nLeÞþaÐ ÒkþÐBDWÞmþÐ ÒjkÞþ @ZJXÏÞAcÐ_*¼ `Òl jkþSjÐ^Ô¼¼Ð\nHkþÐeþ `õ[ÞLÐeþ`ÐBÜ bÞþ_ï HL eþZÒL×hf aÐRÞÒ_Òmþ Ò]hÒ`õcÑ\nJXÏÞAcÐÒ_¼¼Ð [ÐkþÐ ÒkþmþÐ RÞ_ï aÞRÞ_ï ÒkþÐB`XÏÞ\_ÞaÐ DLúf S__Ñ*¼ @a¯ÆaLÊ\n`Ê_aàÐeþ HL[ö LeÞþaÐ`ÐBÜ NZcÐ^Ôceþ D`ÒdÐN¼¼Ð\njcNõ B[ÞkþÐj H`dàÔ«Æ Ò]MÞ`ÐeÞþ_\_ÞaÐ HkÞþ dÊNÐ«ÆLÐeþÑ aÞbþÐa_Ð\nD`Òeþ jaà_Þcï AahÔLÑ¯Æ AÒmþÐL`Ð[ kÚþ HkÞþ _Þaueþ DÒ~hÔ¼¼Ð\nH iXÏd§Æ aÞeÊþwÒeþ `õ\_c TþmþL : ]Þ_auÊ `p_Ð¯ÆL\naÞmþÐ[Þ ÒNÐeþÐ J @ZJXÏÞA `õ[ÞÒahÑ*¼ iXÏd§Æ LafeÊþ JXÏÞA SÐ[ÞLÊ\neþlÐ LeÞaþ Ð 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j®¤[\nÒkþÐB_ÐkþÐ«ÞÆ¼¼Ð ÒdÒa a=¼fÐ J c^Ô `õÒ]hÒeþ\nH`eÞþ ÒkþmþÐ Ò[Òa cÐtõÐS NbþÀà¤ÒcÃ¤ @«ÆNà[\nJXÏ Þ h ÐÒeþ LÐkÚþ L Þ JXÏ Þ A bþ Ð iÐÒeþ jeþ L Ðeþ Ñ\nLÐdàÔÐf¯ÆcÐ_*¼Òeþ LÐdàÔ _ QfÞa ? J, Òd yÒf\n`ËaÒà eþ Òj bþÐNeþ eþÐSLÐdàÔ JXÏA Þ bþÐiÐÒeþ ÒkÐB\nAjÊ\_ÞmþÐ Ò[Òa BÕeþÐS NbþÀà¤ÒcÃ¤ LÐkÚþLÞ bÞþ_ï\neËþ` AQeþZ LeÞþa ? AccÐ_*Ê¼ _Þ¾¤¯Æ ÒaÐ^\nÒkþD@RÞ Òd DLúfaÐjÑcÐÒ_ H aÞi¯ÆÒeþ HLc[\nÒkþÐB NbþÀà¤ÒcÃ¤*Ê¼ AÒa]_ LÒmþ [ÐkþÐ*¼eþ\n`õ Ð \_à _ Ð j$¼f Òkþ a ¼¼Ð aÞ Ò ]hÑ¯Æ bþ Ð iÐÒeþ\nLÐdà Ô Ðf¯Æ e þ dÐa[Ñ¯Æ LÐdà Ô QfÞ a Ð L]ÐQ\nNbþ À à ¤ ÒcÃ¤*¼ @_Ê Ò cÐ]Þ [ _Ê k þ B ¼¼Ð ÒLaf\nOÊcjÊ eþaÐjÑcÐÒ_ HÒÞ_ d[ð LeÞþ _ÐkþÐ«ÞÆ ÒaÐmÞþ\n[ÐkþÐ*¼eþ ]ÊÓM hÊZÐ dÐB_ÐkÚþ¼¼Ð HÒa ÒjcÐÒ_\njcªÆ DLúfaÐjÑ*¼WÐÒeþ HL\_Ð SZÐBÒmþ¼¼Ð H\_LÊ\nAahÔL Òd, `ÊeþÑ, LVL J aÐÒmþhèeþÒeþ \_ÞaÐ\njcªÆ DLúfÑ¯Æ [ÐkþÐ*Ê¼ jÐkþÐdÔ LeÞþaÐLÊ `õªÊÆ[\nkÊ@þ «ÊÆ J AÒc÷cÐÒ_ bþejþ Ð LeÊÜþ Òd DLúÒfÐmîÐþ jÞ_Ñ\njbþÐ aÞÒhi ANõkþ `ËaàL H aÞi¯ÆÒeþ kþªÆÒl`\nLeþ«ÊÆ¼¼Ð'' (DLúf ]Ñ`ÞLÐ, bþÐN 5, jÕMÔÐ 41,\nHkÞþ jÕ`Ð]LÑ¯ÆeÊþ H L\_Ð ¸¤½¤ ÒkþÐBdÐDRÞ Òd. DLúÒfÐmîþÐjÞ_Ñ jbþÐeþ\nD`yÞ[Þ jÒréþ OÊcÊjeþaÐjÑcÐÒ_ _ÞSeþ cq bþÐÒa [ÐkþÐLÊ NõkþZ _ LeÞþ DLúf\n]Ñ`ÞLÐLÊ kÚþ NõkZþ LeÞ\_þ ÒÞ mþ, jÒ[ ÒdcÞ[Þ HkÞþ jcèÐ]`[ö kÚþ \_ÞmÐþ S_jÐ^ÐeþZ*¼\nc[ aÞ_Þc¯Æeþ J c[ NW_eþ cq¼¼Ð\nH`eÞþ ÒkþaÐeþ c^Ô LÐeþZ \_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð JXÏÞA @qfÒeþ \_ÞaÐ jeþLÐeþÑ\n]©ÆeþcÐ_*¼Òeþ Ò[Òmþ=¼Ñ bþÐiÐLÊ eþÐSbþÐiÐ bþÐÒa SÐeÞþ LeÞþaÐ J\nÒ[Òmþ=¼ÐcÐ_*Ê¼ eþSLcàQÐeþÑ bþÐÒa cÊLeÞþeþ LeÞþ JXÏÞAcÐ_*Ê¼ ÒjcÐ_*¼\n`]`]aÑeÊþ D[çMÐ[ LeÞþaÐeþ d\_Ð\_àÔ ]hàÐB aÞmþÐ[Þ kþÐLÞccÐÒ_ ÒmþMÞ\_ÞÒmþ,\n"The Uriyas are unintelligent, lazy and\nunenterprising men as compared with\nother inhabitants of Madras presidency.\n.......The Telugus are more enterprising\nand pushing than the Uriyas."\n(Ganjam District Manual, pp.205-206)\nDLúÒfÐmîþÐjÞ_Ñ jbþÐ HkþÐ aÞeÊþwÒeþ ÒL×ZjÞ `õ[Ô¯ÆÐ[ëL `]Òl` Ò_B\n`ÐeÞþ_\_ÞmþÐ ÒaÒf ]Þ_auÊ `p_Ð¯ÆL*¼ AkÊþ[ OÊcÊjeþ jbþÐ HkÞþ aÞmþÐ[Þ\nc«ÆaÔLÊ ]óYÏbþÐÒa `õ[ÔÐMÔÐ_ LeÞþ `õhï LeÞþ\_ÞmþÐ,\n" ÒdÒa H Ò]hÑ¯Æ JXÏA Þ ÒmþÐL*¼ kþÐÒ[ jeþLÐeþÑ\nLcà ÒkþD_ÐkÚþ Ò[Òa ............ jeþLÐeþ jèÐ^Ñ_ ÒkþaÐ\njc¯ÆÒeþ aÐmþÐSÑ `p_Ð¯ÆL J afbþ]ö `p_Ð¯ÆL\nJ _Þ^Þ `p_Ð¯ÆL JÒNeþ jeþLÐeþÑ LcàÒeþ cÊLeÞeþ þ\nÒkþÐB @tÐS 20 aià `dàÔ«Æ LÞ `õLÐÒeþ Lcà\nLeÊ þ \_ Þ Ò mþ AD LucÐÒ_ _Þ a Ðj LeÊ þ \_ Þ a Ð cÐf\n`õÒ]hÒeþ LÞ `õLÐÒeþ `ËaàÒeþ JXÏÞA ÒmþÐÒL @\_àÐ[ç\nckþÐ«ÞÆ kþeÞþauÊ `p_Ð¯ÆL J hõÑkþià `p_Ð¯ÆL J\naÐmþÐSÑ `p_Ð¯ÆL J mþlêÑ_ÐeþÐ¯ÆZ `p_Ð¯ÆL J\njÐc«Æ aÞ_Ð¯ÆL jÞÕkþ J jÊteþ jÞÕkþ J ÒNÐ` jÞÕkþ\nJÒNeþ ........... jeþLÐeþÑ Lcà LeÞþ dh mþbÞþ@R«ÞÆ ?\naràþcÐ_ OÊcÊjeþ_ÞaÐjÑ hõÑdÊ¦Æ aÐaÊ ]Þ_auÊ\n`p_Ð¯Æ L J aó t Ða_ aÞ Ò hÐB J Òaß ] Ô_Ð\_\n`p_Ð¯ÆL J ÒQß[_Ô jÞÕkþ JÒNeþ LÞ `õLÐÒeþ\njeþLÐeþÑ Lcà LeÞþ dhjèÑ ÒkþÐB@R«ÞÆ ?"\nHaÕ, H\_Þ`ËaàeÊþ AÒc Ò]MÞÒRÜ, DLúf ]Ñ`ÞLÐ kÚþ OÊcÊjeþaÐjÑ*¼ HkÞþ hÐZÑ[\n`õ[ÞLõÞ¯ÆÐLÊ _ÞS jÕ`Ð]LÑ¯Æ ]éÐeþÐ jc\_à_ LeÞþ jè[§Æ NÊeÊþ[éeþ jkþ `õLÐh\nDLúf ]Ñ`ÞLÐeþ jLõÞ¯Æ jkþÒdÐN HaÕ N&¼Ðc SÞmîþÐaÐjÑ*¼ LõcÐN[\n]ÐaÞ $¼fÒeþ 1872Òeþ aöÞVÞhç jeþLÐeþ jèÑLÐeþ LmþÐ Òd Ò[Òmþ=¼Ð bþÐiÐÒeþ\nÞ ÒmþÐLcÐ_*¼ @SÙ JÒNeþ ÒmþMÐ ÒkþD\_ÞaÐeÊþ ÒjcÐ_*¼eþ @jÊa^Þ Ð ÒkþDRÞ¼¼Ð\njÊ[eþÐÕ ÒLÐVà LÒQeþÑÒeþ JXÏÞA bþÐiÐ `õaràþ_ `ÐBÜ HkþÐ A`Ð[[Ó\neþÐSÞÒkþÐB\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð cÐ[ö ]Ð©ÆeþÑL jÊaÞ^Ð D`ÒbþÐN LeÞþQÐmÞþ\_ÞaÐ Ò[mÊþNÊ\n@cmþÐcÐÒ_ HkþÐLÊ bþ¨ÊÆeþ LeÞþÒ]B\_ÞÒmþ¼¼Ð\n@ayÐ H`eÞþ j=¼Ñ_ ÒkþÐBDWÞ\_ÞmþÐ Òd N&¼Ðceþ LeþZcÐÒ_ Ò[Òmþ=¼Ð\nbþÐiÐ A¯Ærþ LeÞþaÐLÊ aÐ^Ô ÒkþÐB`XÏÞ\_ÞÒmþ¼¼Ð _ÞS bþÐiÐbþÐiÑ JXÏÞA\nbþÐBbþDZÑcÐ_*Ê¼ AB_ @]Ðmþ[Òeþ ÒkþD aÐ ScÞScÐ aÒtÐaªÆÒeþ ÒkþD\njÐkþÐdÔ LeÞþaÐ`ÐBÜ HkþÐkÚþ \_ÞmþÐ HLcÐ[ö D`Ð¯Æ¼¼Ð HL\_Ð `ÒeþÐlÒeþ jèÑLÐeþ\nLeÞþ aÞmþÐ[Þ jeþLÐeþ*¼ A$Þ¼jÑ¯Æ ]ªÆÐaÞSç mÞþ`Þaw LeÞþRÞ,\n"Sisti Karans, originally Oriyas, adopted\nTelugu language when Southern areas\nwere lost to Oriyas" (Koraput Gazet\naöÞVÞhç-Ò[mÊþNÊ @jÐ^Ê ÒcÃ¤ JXÏÞAcÐ_*¼ D`Òeþ QfÐB\_ÞaÐ @[ÔÐQÐeþ\n]Þ_ÊÜ]Þ_ aÔÐ`L[eþ ÒkþaÐÒeþ mþÐNÞ\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð HkÞþ ÒcÃ¤eþ QÐ`Òeþ ^ÑÒeþ ^ÑÒeþ\nN&¼Ðc SÞmîþÐeþ ScÞ]ÐeþcÐÒ_ c^Ô Ò[Òmþ=¼ÐcÐ_*Ê¼ aÞbÞþ_ï `]Ð^ÞLÐeþ Ò]aÐLÊ\naÐ^Ô ÒkD\_ÞþÒmþ HaÕ [~èÐeþÐ JXÏÞA ÒmþÐÒL ÒWmÞþ ÒkþÐB QÐmÞþ\_ÞþÒmþ ÒaLÐeþÑeþ\n@[f NkèþeþLÊ¼¼Ð HkÞþ ]ÐeÊþZ ]Ê~Ù_Òeþ NZcÐ^Ôc kÚþ JXÏÞA ÒmþÐL*Ê¼ Ò_[ó[é\nÒ]B\_ÞmÐþ ¼¼Ð D]Ñ¯ÆcÐ_ jÐcèÐ]ÞL gÞm¯þÞ Æcç ckþÐ«ÞÆ N&¼Ðc SÞmÐþî eþ ScÞ]ÐeþcÐ_*¼\nÒ[Òmþ=¼Ð _ÞdÊ¦ÞÆ aÞeÊþwÒeþ S_-@bÞþdÐ_ Aeþc÷ LÒmþ¼¼Ð MÐÃÞ¤ JXÏÞA @qf\nN&¼ÐcÒeþ Ò[Òmþ=¼Ð bþÐiÐeþ kþÐLÞcÐ[ÞLÊ aeþ]ÐªÆ LeþÐdÞa_ÐkÚþ ÒaÐmÞþ aSõL¶¤Òeþ\nÒOÐiZÐ LÒmþ gÞmÞþ¯Æcç HaÕ [ÐkþÐ _Þ_Ð]Þ[ ÒkþÐBDWÞmþÐ 29¼¼Ð7¼¼Ð1873Òeþ\naök`þê eÊ þ SÞmÐþî `ÐWhÐfÐÒeþ [Ð*¼ `õÒQ½¤ÐÒeþ jÕNWÞ[ J AkÊ[þ DLúf kÞ[þ aÐ]Þ_Ñ\njcÐSeþ _ÞÒOàÐÒi _ÞÒOàÐÒi¼¼Ð\nScÞ]ÐeþcÐÒ_ ]©Æeþ jc÷ÐfÞaÐ`ÐBÜ JXÏÞA ÒmþÐLcÐ_*Ê¼ d]Þ D`dÊ¦Æ\nhÞlÐ ]ÞAB _ `Ðeþ«ÆÞ Ò[Òa ÒjcÐÒ_ NÐ]Ñ RÐXÏ«ÆÊ ÒaÐmÞþ AkèÐþ _ Ò]mþÐ DLúf\n]Ñ`ÞLÐ¼¼Ð 30¼¼Ð8¼¼Ð1873Òeþ HkÞþ AkèþÐ_ ctõÞ[ ÒkþÐBDWÞ\_ÞmþÐ [Ðeþ\njÕ`Ð]LÑ¯ÆÒeþ¼¼Ð [ÐkþÐ \_ÞmþÐ HkÞþ`eÞþ :\n"ÒdÒa DLúfÑ¯Æ(ScÞ]Ðeþ)cÐÒ_ jèÒ]hÑ¯Æ ÒmþÐL*Ê¼\n[XÏÞ aÞÒ]hÑ¯Æ ÒmþÐL*Ê¼ ÒmþÐXÏÞÒa Ò[Òa [ÐkþÐ*¼\n]é Ð eþ Ð jè Ò ]heþ D_ï [ Þ Òkþ a Ð Ò[ZÞ L Þ \_ÐD,\n]Þ_]ÜÊ _Þ JXÏAÞ *¼eþ ]ÊN[à eÞ þ jÑcÐ eþkaþÞ _ÐkÚ¼þ ¼Ð Ò[Òa\nScÞ]ÐeþcÐÒ_ Hc«Æ ÒaÐmÞþ`Ðeþ«ÞÆ Òd, JXÏÞAcÐÒ_\nÒ[ÒXÏ D`dÊ¦Æ ÒkþD_ÐkþÐ«ÞÆ ÒaÐmÞþ ÒjcÐÒ_ aÞÒ]hÑ*¼\njÐkþÐdÔ Ò_D@R«ÞÆ¼¼Ð cÐ[ö [ÐkþÐ*Ê¼ aÞÒaQ_Ð LeÞaþ Ðeþ\nDnÞ[ Òd, H\_ÞÒeþ jÊwÐ ÒjcÐÒ_ Ò]ÐiÑ @V«ÞÆ¼¼Ð\nA`ZÐ `Ê[ö LÞ bþÐBLÊ [ÔÐN LeÞþ LÞH `eþLÊ @^ÞLÐeþÑ\nLeÞaþ ÐLÊ jÊM`ÐH ? 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]éÐeþÐ 15¼¼Ð1¼¼Ð1895Òeþ\n[Ð~óh AÒ]h SÐeÞþ aÞ LeþÐB\_ÞÒmþ¼¼Ð HkÞþ AÒ]h LÞ`eÞþ 1905 @LçÒVÐaeþþ\n16 [ÐeÞþMÒeþ `õ[ÔÐkóþ[ ÒkþÐB jcèmþ`Êeþ LVL LcÞj_eþç*¼ @^Ñ_LÊ AjÞmþÐ\n[ÐkþÐ AD Ò]ÐkþeþÐBaÐeþ AahÔL[Ð _ÐkÚþ¼¼Ð\njÕÒl`Òeþ LkÞþÒmþ, DLúf ]Ñ`ÞLÐ 1870eÊþ 1905 `dàÔ«Æ ]ÑOà 35\naià LÐf kÚþ jcèmþ`ÊeþÒeþ JXÏÞA bþÐiÐeþ jÊeþlÐ J jcèmþ`ÊeþLÊ JXÏÞhÐ jkþ\ncÞhÐBaÐ Òl[öÒeþ @Nõ Ò_[ó[é Ò_B\_ÞmÐþ ¼¼Ð jcèm`þ eÊ þ kÞÒþ [ßiZÞ Ñ , DLúf ]`àZ\nJ jcèÐ] aÐkÞþLÐ `õcÊM [ÐkþÐ jkþ jc[ÐfÒeþ `Ð] cÞfÐB JXÏÞhÐ `õÒ]heþ\n`Ê_NàW_eþ `õ\_c `ÐkþÐQ _ÞcàÐZ LeÞþ\_ÞÒmþ¼¼Ð\nHÒa Ò]MÞaÐ a=¼ hÐj_ LafÒeþ \_ÞaÐ JXÏÞhÐeþ L\_Ð¼¼Ð\nJXÏÞAcÐÒ_ ÒdÒ[ÒaÒf JXÏÞhÐ cÐVÞÒeþ aöÞVÞhç @_Ê`õÒahLÐeþÑcÐ_*Ê¼\n`ÒhBÒ]D_\_Òmþ ÒjÒ[ÒaÒf ÒjkÞþ aÞÒ]hÑ ÒNÐeþÐ*¼ QeþÐbËþBÜ jÐSÞ \_ÞmþÐ\na=¼eþÐSÔ HaÕ a=¼ÐfÑcÐÒ_ ÒjcÐ_*¼ yÐ_Ñ¯Æ ÒjaÐLÐeþÑþ ("native serv-\nants" - W.Trower, Collector, Cuttack on Revenue Adminis-\ntration in Orissa, dated the 23rd May,1817 vide Orissa State\nArchives Ms.Vol. 387) a_Þ ÒjcÐ_*¼ aÞhèÐj bþÐS_ ÒkþaÐLÊ ÒQ½¤Ð\n@aÒhiÒeþ ÒdÒ[ÒaÒf JXÏA Þ Ò_[Ð aµÞÆ SNauÊ aÞ]ÔÐ^eþ ckþÐ`Ð[ö*¼\njkþ juÞ yÐ`_ LeÞþ aöÞVÞhç kþÐjmþ LmþÐ JXÏÞhÐÒeþ cjç_]Ñ¯Æ jèÑLó[Þ , ÒjkÞþ\na=¼ÐfÑcÐÒ_ kÚþ ÒjcÐ_*¼ LÐ_LÊkÐþ jÐSÞ JXÏhÞ Ð cÊmLþ `ÐBÜ @bÞÒþ `õ[ aÞmÐþ [Ñ¯Æ*¼\n]©ÆeþcÐ_*¼Òeþ ÒjcÐ_*¼ jkþÐ¯ÆL ÒkþÐB ÒdÐN Ò]Òmþ HaÕ _ÞS _ÞS\n]Ð©ÆeþÑþL @ayÞ[Þeþ $¼ÐB]Ð DWÐB JXÏÞA SÐ[Þeþ Òbþ×cÞL J aÐZÞSÞÔL aÞbþa\nmÊþVç`ÐVç LeÞþaÐÒeþ mþÐNÞÒmþ¼¼Ð HcÐ_*¼ AQeþZ D`Òeþ ]ó½Þ¤`Ð[ LeÞþ D`eþ\njËQÑ[ eÞÒþ `ÐVàÒeþ ÒVöÐ¯Æeþ ÒmþMRÞ «ÞÆ, HcÐ_*¼ ]éÐeþÐ jaà[ö ÒhÐiZ J mÊ¶þ ¤_eþ\nHL _Þ¯ÆcÞ[ aÔayÐ QÐmÞþRÞ J HcÐ_*Ê¼ BmþÐLÐeþ eþlÐLÐeþÑ [\_Ð @`Lcàeþ\n`õ[ÞÒeþÐ^LÐeþÑ bþÐÒa NõkþZ LeÞþaÐ `eÞþaÒrþà (JXÏÞhÐeþ) ÒmþÐÒL j§ÆÐj J\nckþÐ aÞ`rÞþ eËþÒ` kÚþ Ò]MÊR«ÞÆ¼¼Ð\n("A regular system of oppression and\npeculation appears to exist throughout\nand instead of proving a protection to\nthe country and a preventive against\nimproper conduct, these people are\nconsidered the terror and the scourge\nof the district."-Ibid)\naÞÒ]hÑ ÒNÐeþÐ*¼ ÒjaÐLÐeþÑ HkÞþ a=¼ÐfÑcÐÒ_ JXÏÞhÐÒeþ \_ÞaÐ aÞmþÐ[Þ\n]©Æecþ Ð_*¼Òeþ @cmþÐ bþÐÒa MÊtÞ ÒkþÐB JXÏhÞ ÐÒeþ jaà[ö QfÐB\_ÞaÐ mÊ¶þ ¤_eþÐSçLÊ\n_Þeþ*Ê¼h LeÞþaÐ c[mþaçÒeþ ÒLÐVà LÒQeþÑcÐ_*¼Òeþ JXÏÞA bþÐiÐ a]fÒeþ\na=¼ÐfÑ bþÐiÐ QfÐBaÐLÊ iXÏd§Æ LÒmþ HaÕ _ÊeÊþ` 1841Òeþ LVL\nÒeþb_þÞ ÔÊ ÒaÐXà jeþLÐeþ*¼Ê jÊ`ÐeÞhþ LÒmþ Òd ÒdÒkþ[Ê ÒLÐVà LÒQeþÑcÐ_*¼Òeþ\nLÐc LeÊþ\_ÞaÐ @cmþÐcÐ_*¼ c^ÔÒeþ h[LXÏÐ 95 a=¼ÐfÑ ÒjÒkþ[Ê ÒLÐVà\nLÒQeþÑÒeþ JXÏÞA bþÐiÐ `eÞþaÒrþà a=¼ÐfÑ bþÐiÐ `õQf_ LeþÐdÐD¼¼Ð\ncÞmþçj jÐÒkþa JXÏÞhÐeþ LcÞj_eþ \_ÞÒmþ¼¼Ð Òj aÞÒeþÐ^ LeÞþaÐeÊþ HkÞþ\nQLõÐ«Æ `¨Æ ÒkþÐBNmþÐ¼¼Ð\ncÐ[ö [Ð `Òeþ Aeþc÷ ÒkþmþÐ HL @[Ô«Æ OóZÔ , @sÐ_ , @aÐ«Æeþ ,\nÞ HL jè[§Æ bþÐiÐ _ÊÒkþÜ ; `eþ«ÆÊ\n@aÐªÆa, @hýÑf J @hÊw @bþjuÞ `õj[Ë dÊ¦ÆÞ Òd JXÏA\nHkþÐ a=¼fÐeÊþ D¡Êþ[ HL D`bþÐiÐ¼¼Ð\n`eþaràþÑ LÐfÒeþ jÊ_Ñ[Þ LÊcÐeþ QÐVSàÑ*¼ `eÞþ a=¼ÐfÑ bþÐiÐ[réþaÞ[ç þ\n@ahÔ jèÑLÐeþ LeÞþ\_ÞÒmþ LÞ, JXÏÞA bþÐiÐÒeþ `õÐQÑ_[Ðeþ HÒ[ aÞbþa bþeÞþ\nÒkþÐB eþkÞþRÞ Òd bþÐiÐ[ÐréÞþL aÐªÆa[Ð `õ[Þ ÒL×ZjÞ @acÐ__Ð _ LeÞþ\naÞ_Ð ]éÞ^ÐÒeþ LkÞþ Òkþa Òd a=¼fÐ bþÐiÐ JXÏÞAbþÐiÐ [Ëf_ÐÒeþ @aàÐQÑ_¼¼Ð\nJXÏAÞ , @kþcÞ¯ÆÐ J a=¼fÐ-HkÞþ [Þ_ÞbþDZÑ*¼ bÞþ[Òeþ JXÏÞA kÚþ @NõSÐ ¼Ð\n("Of these three speeches-Oriya,\nBengali and Assamees, Oriya has pre-\nserved a great many archaic features\nin both grammar and pronounciation;\nand it may be said without travesty of\nlinguistic truth that Oriya is the eldest\nof the three sisters, when we consider\nthe archaic character of the language."-\nIndian Historical Quarterly, vol.XXIII,\na=¼ÐfÑcÐÒ_ Òd HkÞþ j[Ô SÐZÞ _ \_ÞÒmþ , [Ð _ÊÒkþÜ¼¼Ð cÐ[ö [Ð jÒréþ\nÒjcÐÒ_ H`eÞþ HL LÊ—Þ[ J ]ÊeþbÞþjuÞjcøå[ dÊ¦ÞÆ aÐYÏÞ JXÏÞA bþÐiÐLÊ ALõcZ\nLeÞþ\_ÞÒmþ ÒLaf aÞÒ]hÑ ÒNÐeþÐ*¼ jÐkþQdàÔÒeþ JXÏÞhÐeþ eþÐSLÐdàÔÒeþ _ÞÒS\n_ÞdÊ¦Æ eþkÞþ JXÏÞhÐeþ CiàZÑ¯Æ Òbþ×cÞL jÕ`] J jÐÕ²ôÆ[ÞL Òaßbþa_ÞQ¯ÆLÊ\nÒ[Ðieþ`Ð[ LeÞþaÐ DÒ~hÔÒeþ¼¼Ð\n`õ[ÞOÐ[Ñ bËþcÞLÐÒeþ DLúf ]Ñ`ÞLÐ\na=¼ÐfÑcÐ_*¼ HkÞþ LÊ—Þ[ AÉ¥Ðf_ `õ\_c `õ[ÞOÐ[ `ÐB\_ÞmþÐ DLúf\n]Ñ`ÞLÐWÐeÊ¼þ ¼Ð HkþÐeþ jÊÒdÐNÔ `õ[ºÞ ¤Ð[Ð [\_Ð jÕ`Ð]L `ÊZÔÒhýÐL ÒN×eþÑh*¼eþ\neþÐ¯Æ _ÞÒS SÒZ a=¼ÐfÑ LeþZ ÒkþÐB\_ÞÒmþ c^Ô JXÏÞA bþÐiÐLÊ a=¼ÐfÑ\nbþÐiÐWÐeÊþ `õÐQÑ_[eþ , jców[eþ J ckþrþeþ ÒaÐmÞþ jÐaÔªÆ LeÞþ\_ÞÒmþ¼¼Ð\naªÊÆ[Ó ÒdÒ[ÒaÒf a=¼ÐfÑcÐ_*¼ kþÑ_ QLõÐ«ÆeÊþ JXÏÞA SÐ[ÞLÊ eþlÐ\nLeÞþaÐ `ÐBÜ ÒLkÞþ _ \_ÞÒmþ , kÞÕþjÊL `ÒXÏÐhÑ bþÐiÐbþÐiÑ*¼ `õÒ]hcÐ_*¼Òeþ\njÕMÔÐ mþOÊ ªÆeLþ Ê MjÞ`XÏÞ MÞ_ï bÞ_þ ï ÒkþÐB `XÏ\_Þ aÞ Ð JXÏA\nÞ SÐ[Þ _ÞÒS jÕNWÞ[\nÒkþaÐLÊ jÐkþj LeÞþ`ÐeÊþ_\_ÞmþÐ, ÒjÒ[ÒaÒf ÒjkÞþ LÐdàÔeþ ]Ð¯ÞÆ[é _ÞS D`eþLÊ\nÒ_BdÐB\_ÞmþÐ DLúf ]Ñ`ÞLÐ¼¼Ð HkþÐeþ `õ\_c bþÐNeþ `qc jÕMÔÐÒeþ\n1¼¼Ð9¼¼Ð1866 [ÐeÞþMÒeþ \_ÞaÐ jÕ`Ð]LÑ¯Æ ]ö½¤aÔ¼¼Ð H\_ÞÒeþ ÒmþMÐ@RÞ -\n''DLúfÑ¯Æ LaÞcÐÒ_ Òd jLf LÐaÔNõx eþQ_Ð\nLeÞþdÐBR«ÞÆ [ÐkþÐeþ jkÞþ[ [Ëf_Ð Ò]aÐ `ÐBÜ ASÞ\n`dàÔ«ÆÆ MÒ¨Æ c^Ô LÐaÔ a=¼fÐ bþÐiÐÒeþ `õLÐh\nÒkþÐB _ÐkÚþ¼¼Ð H L\_Ð d\_Ð\_à @ÒV Òd, LÞ jÐkÞþ[Ô,\nLÞ NZÞ[ , LÞ bËþÒNÐf , LÞ `õÐLó[ÞL aÞ]ÔÐ jLf\naÞ i ¯Æ Ò eþ a=¼fÐÒeþ bË þ e Þ þ bË þ e Þ þ Nõ x `õ L ÐhÞ [\nÒkþÐB@RÞ¼¼Ð cÐ[ö HkÞþ jLf `ÊªÆL @_ÊaÐ]Þ[¼¼Ð\n@`kóþ[¼¼Ð jèÐ^Ñ_ `ÊªÆL ÒLÒ[ M¨Æ @RÞ ? jèÐ^Ñ_\nNõx c^ÔeÊþ a=¼ÐfÑcÐÒ_ aÞ]ÔÐjÊteþLÊ jÊ`õjÞw\n`ÊªÆL ÒaÐmÞþ NZ«ÞÆ HaÕ HkÞþ Nõx eþQ_Ð LeÞþ bþe[þ\nQtõ eþÐ¯Æ Ò]hÒeþ aÞMÔÐ[ ÒkþÐBR«ÞÆ¼¼Ð''\na=¼ÐfÑcÐ_*¼eþ HkÞþ aÞ]ÔÐjÊteþ Nõx WÐeÊþ JXÏÞhÐeþ jÐkÞþ[Ô ÒLÒ[\njców [ÐkþÐ ]hàÐBaÐLÊ [[ç`eþ cÐjÒeþ 20¼¼Ð10¼¼Ð1866Òeþ DLúf ]Ñ`ÞLÐ\nAkÊþeÞþ HL @NõÒmþM ÒmþMÞ\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð [ÐkþÐ ÒkþmþÐ -\n''aÞ]ÔÐjÊteþ eþQ_Ðeþ @Ò_L aià `ËaàÒeþ ]Þ_Ló»¤\n]Ðj eþjLÒmîþÐfþ _ÐcL `ÊªÆL eþQ_Ð LeÞþR«ÞÆ¼¼Ð\n[ÐkþÐeþ jkÞ[þ [Ëf_Ð LeÞþ Ò]MÞÒmþ, aÞ]ÔÐjÊteþ @[Þ\n@`Ló½¤ cÒ_kÊþH¼¼Ð LÞ eþQ_Ð QÐ[ÊdàÔ , LÞ jèbþÐa\naÀà¤_Ð , LÞ Òhýi J ScL eþQ_Ð, jcªÆ aÞi¯ÆÒeþ\n]Þ_Ló»¤ a=¼fþÐeþ bþe[þ Qtõ*¼ WÐeÊþ @^ÞL `eþÐLÐº¤Ð\nmþÐbþ LeÞRþ «ÞÆ¼¼Ð ........ eþj LÒmîÐþ f Òd jaà aÞi¯ÆÒeþ\naÞ]ÔÐjÊteþWÐeÊþ DLúÌ½¤ Nõx [ÐkþÐ jÒtkþÐ[Ñ[¼¼Ð''\n@[Ha, a=¼fÐ jeþLÐeþ*¼ @^Ñ_Òeþ JXÏÞhÐLÊ a=¼ÐfÑcÐÒ_ A[ëjÐ[ç\nLeÞþaÐLÊ ÒdÒ[ÒaÒf QLõÐ«Æ LeÊþ\_ÞÒmþ ÒjÆÒ[ÒaÒf DLúf ]Ñ`ÞLÐ kÚþ \_ÞmþÐ\nHLcÐ[ö L¶¤jèeþ dÐkþÐ ÒjkÞþ QLõÐ«ÆLÊ jÕ`ËÀà¤ D[çMÐ[ LeÞþ\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð\n_ÞS bþÐiÐ D`Òeþ Ò]MÐÒ]B\_ÞaÐ aÞ`rÞþLÊ @`jÐeþZ LeÞþaÐ`ÐBÜ cÊ¨Æ\nÒVLÞ DWÞÒmþ aÞbÞþ_ï `[ö `[öÞLÐ JXÏÞhÐÒeþ¼¼Ð HNÊXÏÞLÒeþ @[Ô«Æ Dn ÒLÐVÞeþ\njÐkÞþ[Ô AÒmþÐQ_Ð QÐmÞþ JXÏÞA bþÐiÐeþ `eÕþ`eþÐ`õQËeþ I[ÞkþÔ _a ESà_ÐÒeþ\nD¡þÐjÞ[ ÒkþÐBDWÞmþÐ¼¼Ð D¡þÐjÞ[ ÒkþÐBDWÞmþÐ JXÏÞA SÐ[Þeþ bþÐiÐ-jÐcõÐSÔ,\ndÐkþÐeþ aSÞNÑiÐ SNÐBÒ]B\_ÞmþÐ `õ[Þ JXÏÞAeþ ÒhÐZÞÒ[ ÒhÐZÞÒ[ cÐ[óbËþcÞ\nJXÏhÞ Ðeþ `Ê_eþÐa[eþZ jÊ_¾Þ ¤Þ [ LeÞaþ Ðeþ ]ÊaÐà eþ `õ[sÞ Ð¼¼Ð `Ëajà QË [Þ `[öLÞ ÐNÊXLÞÏ\naÔ[Þ[ HkÞþ `õ[ÞsÐeþ aÐkþL J `õÒQÐ]L `[öÞLÐNÊXÏÞL c^ÔÒeþ DÒmîþM_Ñ¯Æ\nÒkþÒm DLúf ]`àZ , DLúf`Ê[ö , jÕ²ÆÐeþL , DLúf `õbþÐ , Btõ^_Ê , aÞSÊfÞ ,\nDLúf jÐkÞþ[Ô , j[ÔaÐ]Ñ , jkþLÐeþ J SkïþcÐcÊÜ B[ÔÐ]Þ¼¼Ð\nHcÐ_*¼ Òkþ[Ê JXÏÞA bþÐiÐ D`eÊþ aÞ`] LVÞNmþÐ `Òeþ J JXÏÞA bþÐiÐ\njeþLÐeþÑ bþÐiÐ bþÐÒa jcªÆ JXÏÞAbþÐiÐbþÐiÑ @qfÒeþ `õQfÞ[ ÒkþaÐ `Òeþ\nbþÐiÐ bÞþrÞþÒeþ jè[§Æ JXÏÞhÐ `õÒ]h NW_ `ÐBÜ D]Ôc Aeþc÷ ÒkþmþÐ¼¼Ð [kÚþeþ\nÒ_[ó[é c^Ô `õÐ\_cÞL ªÆeþÒeþ Ò_B\_ÞÒmþ JXÏÞhÐeþ `[ö`[öÞLÐcÐÒ_¼¼Ð\nbþÐiÐbÞþrÞþÒeþ JXÏÞhÐeþ `Ê_NàW_ `ÐBÜ ^eþÐÒLÐVeþ ]Þ_auÊ `p_Ð¯ÆL*¼\n_ÞÒa]_LÊ jÐ]eþ jÕ`õjÐeÞ[þ LeÞþ HaÕ [ÐLÊ _ÞSeþ jÕ`Ð]LÑ¯ÆÒeþ jc\_à_ LeÞþ\nDLúf ]Ñ`ÞLÐ kÚþ eþÐSÒ_ß[LÞ JXÏhÞ Ð NW_eþ `õ\_c S_cq jÐSÞ\_mÞ Ðþ @LçÒVÐaeþ\n1870 Òeþ¼¼Ð HaÕ _Òbþceè þ 16, 1870Òeþ jcèm`þ eÊ þ BmþÐLÐLÊ c^Ô`õÒ]heÊþ\nLÐYÏAÞ ZÞ "`õQfÞ[ bþÐiÐ aÞÒaQ_ÐÒeþ eþÐSÔ" NW_eþ AahÔL[Ð ]ó½¤Þ eþÊ JXÏA Þ\nbËþc¨ÆfÒeþ jÐcÞmþ LeÞþaÐLÊ dÊ¦ÞÆ aÐYÏÞ\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð JXÏÞAcÐ_*¼ bÞþ[Òeþ M¨ÆaÞM¨ÞÆ[\nJXÏhÞ ÐLÊ HL eþÐSÒ_ß[LÞ `õÒ]h eËÒþ ` `Ê_NàW[Þ LeÞaþ ÐLÊ aSõ jÕLÁ¤ jqÐeÞaþ ÐÒeþ\nHkþÐeþ @a]Ð_ \_ÞmþÐ @jÑc¼¼Ð\n_ËA auÊ `õSÐauÊ\ncÐ[óbÐþ iÐ @_ÊauÞ[ ILÔeþ ÒdDÜ AÒa]_ N&¼Ðceþ ^eþÐÒLÐVeÊþ ]Þ_auÊ\n`p_Ð¯ÆL*¼ D]Ôc LõÒc 1870Òeþ `õ\_c \_eþ `ÐBÜ DnÐeÞþ[ ÒkþÐB DLúf\n]Ñ`ÞLÐ jkþÐ¯Æ[ÐÒeþ jcNõ JXÏÞA SÐ[Þeþ kóþ]¯ÆÒeþ ÒkþÐB\_ÞmþÐ `õ[Þ^è_Ñ[,\n[ÐkþÐ `õÒQÐ]Þ[ LeÞ\_þ mÞ Ðþ ÒjkÞþ N&¼Ðc SÞmÐþî eþ MmÞÒþ LÐV eþÐSÐ kþekþÞ eþ þ c~àeÐþ S\nÒ]a*Ê¼ JXÏhÞ Ðeþ ]Ê~hà Ð D`Òeþ AÒmþÐQ_Ð `ÐBÜ HL j®Þ¤f_Ñ XÐLÞaÐLÊ 1902\nMõÑ½¤ÐvÒeþ¼¼Ð HkÞþ j®Þ¤f_ÑÒeþ c^ÊaÐaÊ `õ\_Òc 'N&¼Ðc j®Þ¤f_Ñ' `ÐBÜ `õªÆÐa\nHkÞþ j®Þ¤f_Ñ `ÐBÜ S_jÐ^ÐeþZ*Ê¼ @aN[ LeþÐBaÐ HaÕ ÒjcÐ_*¼\nc_Òeþ eþÐSÒ_ß[LÞ ÒQ[_Ð SÐNõ[ LeþÐBaÐ `ÐBÜ MmîÒþÞ LÐV eþÐSÐ Òj aià SÊ_\ncÐjÒeþ `õSÐauÊ _ÐcL HL jÐ©ÆÐkÞþL jcèÐ]`[ö `õLÐh LÒmþ¼¼Ð _ÑfcZÞ\naÞ]ÔÐeþ[ð*¼ jÕ`Ð]_Ð HaÕ S¯ÆLó»¤ QÔÐD `p_Ð¯ÆL*¼ [réþÐa^Ð_Òeþþ HkÞþ\n`õSÐauÊ S_jÐ^ÐeþZ*¼ c^ÔÒeþ HL _Ë[_ eþÐSÒ_ß[ÞL D]çÒaf_ jó½Þ¤\nLeÞþ\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð $¼fÒeþ 1903Òeþ `õ\_c N&¼Ðc j®Þ¤f_Ñ @[Ô«Æ j$¼f[Ðeþ jkþ\njÕ`_ï ÒkþmþÐ HaÕ HkÞþ j®Þ¤f_ÑeÊþ S_ê Ò_mþÐ DLúf j®Þ¤f_Ñ¼¼Ð\n`eÞþ`ËeþL bËþcÞLÐÒeþ AhÐ\nDLúf j®Þ¤f_ÑÒeþ eþÐSÒ_ß[ÞL Ò_[ó[é NYÏÞDWÞ JXÏÞhÐ jè[§Æ `õÒ]h\nÒkþmÐþ ¼¼Ð cÐ[ö HkÞþ eþÐSÒ_ß[LÞ Ò_[ó[eé þ D]çÒaÐ^L bËcþ LÞ Ð D`ÒeþÐ¦Æ `[ö`[öLÞ Ð\nNÊXLÞÏ _ÞaÐà kþ LeÞ\_þ aÞ Ð ÒaÒf JXÏhÞ Ðeþ `õ\_c cÊ][Þö Ò]ß_LÞ AhÐ [kÚeþ þ `eÞ`þ eË Lþ\nbþÐÒa DbþÐ ÒkþÐB\_ÞmþÐ¼¼Ð\n`ËZÔÒhýÐL hhÑbËiþ Z eþ\_ 1913Òeþ HkÞþ jcèÐ]`[ö `õ[ºÞ ¤Ð LeÞþ HkþÐLÊ\nJXÏÞhÐ `õÒ]h NW_ AÒtÐf_eþ cÊM`[öÒeþ eËþ`Ð¯ÞÆ[ LeÞþ\_ÞÒmþ¼¼Ð Ò]ß_ÞL\nÒkþaÐ `Ëaeà þÊ HkþÐ ÒdÒ[ÒaÒf jÐ©ÆÐkÞLþ \_ÞmÐþ , ÒjÒ[ÒaÒf aÞ HkþÐeþ @bÞfþ Ði\nJ jèeþ H ]ÞNÒeþ \_ÞmÐþ ILÐ«ÞÆL J jÊ¸¤½¤¼¼Ð D]ÐkþeZþ [Ó, 20¼¼Ð12¼¼Ð1915Òeþ\nHkþÐeþ jÕ`Ð]LÑ¯Æ :\n''DLúf j®Þ¤f_Ñ JXÏA Þ SÐ[Þeþ cÞf_ ctÞe¼þ ¼Ð\nHkÞþWÐÒeþ N&¼Ðc , jÞÕkþbËþc , S¯Æ`Êeþ , aªÆeþ ,\nÒc]Þ_Ñ`Êeeþ þ JXÏA\nÞ cÐÒ_ eþÐSÒ_ß[LÞ JXÏhÞ ÐaÐjÑ*¼\njkþ jc_èÞ[ ÒkþÒa¼¼Ð aÞbÞþ_ï `õÐÒ]hÞL hÐj_Òeþ\n\_Þ a Ð JXÏ Þ A cÐÒ_ HL[ö Þ [ Òkþ Ð B `eþ ¸ ¤eþ e þ\njÊM]ÊÓMÒeþ jcbþÐNÑ ÒkþaÐ _ÞcÒ«Æ j®Þ¤f_Ñ\nc¨Æ` `õL½ó ¤ yÐ_¼¼Ð NbþÀ¤à ÒcÃç¤ hÐj_eþ Òbþ]_Ñ[Þ\nJ _Þ¯Æc jÊwÐ H\_ÞÒeþ @«ÆeþÐ¯Æ ÒkþÐB_`ÐÒeþ¼¼Ð\nJXÏÞAcÐÒ_ ÒdDÜWÐÒeþ Òd @ayÐÒeþ \_ÐA«ÊÆ,\nÒjcÐ_*¼eþ eþ¦Æeþ jcèu hÞ\_fÞ Òkþa_ÐkÚ¼þ ¼Ð HcÐÒ_\nHL I[ÞkþÐjÞL SÐ[Þ¼¼Ð hÐj_jË[öÒeþ aÞRÞ_ï ÒkþaÐ\n]éÐeþÐ H SÐ[Þeþ @ªÞÆ[é eþMÞaÐ _ÞcÒ«Æ ÒLaf _ÊÒkþÜ,\n`Ëaà ÒN×eþa , `õÐQÑ_ LÑrÙþ `eÕþ`eþÐeþ Ò`õeþZÐÒeþ\nHkÞþ SÐ[Þ LÞ`eÞþ @_Ô bþÐeþ[Ñ¯Æ SÐ[ÞcÐ_*¼ jcLl\nÒkþÐB ckþÐbþÐeþ[Ñ¯Æ SÐ[Ñ¯Æ[Ð jó½Þ¤ J jÕeþlZÒeþ\njÐkþÐdÔ Ò]a [kÚeþ þ aÔayÐ LeÞaþ Ð mþÐNÞ j®Þ¤f_Ñeþ\nD`ùr¼þÞ ¼Ð jcNõ JXÏA\nÞ @qfeþ HL[öÑLeþZ , JXÏhÞ Ðeþ\n_ÔÐdÔ ]ÐaÞ `õ[Þº¤Ð HaÕ JXÏÞhÐeþ SÐ[Ñ¯Æ `õÐZ J\n`õLó[Þeþ jÕeþlZ _ÞcÒ«Æ , `ó\_L aÞhè aÞ]ÔÐ`ÑW ,\n`ó\_L kþÐBÒLÐVà `õbóþ[Þ jÕyÐ`_Ðeþ DÒ]ÔÐNÒeþ\nDLúf j®Þ¤f_Ñ @aÞQfÞ[ eþkÞþa¼¼Ð\nH\_ÞeþÊ DLúf j®Þ¤f_Ñeþ cÊM`[ö bþÐÒa AhÐ `[öLÞ Ð LÞ`eÞþ LÐdàÔ LeÊ\_þ mÞ Ðþ\nDLúf ]Ñ`ÞLÐeÊþ Ò]ß_ÞL AhÐ `dàÔ«Æ JXÏÞhÐeþ `[ö`[öÞLÐNÊXÏÞL kÚþ \_ÞÒmþ\nÞ bþÐiÐ, JXÏAÞ SÐ[Ñ¯Æ[Ðeþ @[tõ `õkeþ Ñþ J jè[§Æ JXÏhÞ Ð NW_eþ D]çNÐ[Ð ,\nD[ç\_Ð`L , D]çÒaÐ^L HaÕ D_Þ]ö DÒ]ÔÐNÑ¼¼Ð eþÐSÒ_ß[ÞL Ò_[ó[é `õ[Þº¤Ð\nÒkþaÐ `Òeþ, aÞÒhi[Ó LÊfÒN×eþa c^ÊjË]_ ]Ðj*¼ jÕ`ó¦ÞÆ Òkþ[Ê JXÏÞhÐ\n`õÒ]h NW_ @ahÔ [éeÐþ _è[Þ ÒkþmÐþ ¼¼Ð LÞ«ÆÊ B[ÞkÐþ jLÊ HkþÐ kÚþ jèÑLÐeþ LeÞaþ ÐLÊ\nÒkþa Òd , jè[§Æ `õÒ]h NW_eþ eþÐSÒ_ß[LÞ j$¼f[Ð \_ÞmÐþ HkÞþ `[ö`[öLÞ ÐcÐ_*¼\n_Þeþfj D]Ôc J _Þº¤Ðeþþ jÐLÐeþ eËþ`Ð¯Æ_¼¼Ð\nDocuments Similar To Role of Mass Media in Creation of Orissa\nMore From Subhas Chandra Pattanayak\nSudhasini Pattanayak : An Epitome of Pride for Oriya Achievers\nReal Enemy of Our People\nEarth Hour - 2010


1. Mongol ba Ėnėtkhėg = Mongolia and India\n2. My tree = Merā peṛā\n3. Pātihān læ kot hǣng kam nai Phraphutthasātsanā / ปาฏิหาริย์และกฎแห่งกรรมในพระพุทธศาสน\n4. The melody of monsoon = Barakhā bahāra\n5. The return of Vietnam to the international system\n6. SDI : technology, survivability, and software\n7. Seismic verification of nuclear testing treaties.\n8. Contemporary Indian sculpture\n9. Atlas histórico escolar\n11. Anti-satellite weapons, countermeasures, and arms control.\n12. Atlas da educação no Brasil\n14. Ek akar\n15. Annual report for the financial year ended ...\n19. Veer Savarkar\n20. Mulher, sociedade e estado no Brasil\n21. Ngānwičhai rư̄ang čharana 15 : thāng ʻēk hǣng kānbanlu tham yāng Phraphutthačhao, mī phon čhing phisūt dai mǣ nai patčhuban / งานวิจัยเรื่องจรณะ 15 : : ทางเอกแห่งการบรรลุธรรมอย่างพระพุทธเจ้ามีผลจริง พิสูจน์ได้ แม้ในปัจจุบัน\n22. Bābasāhēba Aṃbēḍakara = Babasaheb Ambedkar\n23. Carta geológica de Chile 1:100.000. No. 35, Cuadrangulos Arica y Poconchile, region de Tarapaca\n24. Carta geológica de Chile 1:100.000. No. 38, Cuadrangulos Estacion Algarrobal, Yerbas Buenas, Cerro Blanco, Merceditas y Tres Morros, region de Atacama\n25. Carta geológica de Chile 100.000. No. 37, Geologia del área de Pan de Azúcar\n26. Daladala = Quicksand\n27. External assistance.\n28. Mujhe camāra kahate haiṃ


L.17 – PPEA\n<div1>fol. 72r (cont.)I</div1>\n<foreign>p<expan>assus</expan> xvij<expan>us</expan> & s<expan>e</expan>c<expan>un</expan>dus de</foreign> dobet\n<foreign><hi>Passus <orig>xvij<expan>us</expan></orig><reg>septimus decimus</reg></hi></foreign>\n<l> <hi><hi>I</hi></hi><note>L.17.1: The ornamental capital of seven lines is in blue ink with red flourishes. A small guide letter  appears in the left margin.</note> am <foreign>spes</foreign> q<expan>uo</expan>d he a spye · and spire after a knyȝte</l>\n<l> That toke me a maundement vpon þe mounte of synay</l>\n<l> To reule alle rewmes with · I bere þe writte here</l>\n<l> Is it asseled I seyde · may men se þi l<expan>ett</expan>res</l>\n<l> Nay he sayde I seke hym · þat hath þe sele to kepe</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> And þat is crosse and crystenedome · and cryst þ<expan>er</expan>e<seg>-</seg>on to hange</l>\n<l> And whan it is asseled so · I wote wel þe sothe</l>\n<l> Late se þi lettres q<expan>uo</expan>d I · we miȝte þe lawe knowe</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Þanne plokked he forth a patent · a p..<add>ec</add>e of an harde roche</l>\n<l> Wher<seg>-</seg>on was<note>L.17.11: LRF alone read <hi>was</hi>; most other <hi>B</hi> manuscripts have <hi>were</hi>.</note> writen two wordes · on þis wyse yglosed</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Dilige deum & p<expan>ro</expan>x<expan>imu</expan>m tuu<expan>m</expan> &c</hi></foreign></l>\n<l> Þis was þe tixte trewly · I toke ful gode ȝeme</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>In hijs duob<expan>us</expan> mandatis tota lex pendet & p<expan>ro</expan>ph<expan>et</expan>ia</hi></foreign><note>L.17.15: L's <foreign><hi>prophetia</hi></foreign> for <hi>prophete</hi> is an error shared by HmWR.</note></l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Is<note>L.17.16: LRF alone read <hi>Is</hi>; all other <hi>B</hi> manuscripts have <hi>Ben</hi>.</note> here alle þi lordes lawes q<expan>uo</expan>d I · ȝe leue me wel he seyde</l>\n<l> And who<seg>-</seg>so worcheth after þis writte · I wil vndertaken</l>\n<l> For þough I seye it my<seg>-</seg>self · I haue saued with þis charme</l>\n<l> Of men & of wo<expan>m</expan>men · many score þousandes</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> He seith soth seyde þis heraud · I haue yfounde it ofte</l>\n<l> Ȝe and sexty þousande bisyde<seg>-</seg>forth · þ<expan>a</expan>t ben nouȝt seyen here</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Ȝowre wordes aren wonderful q<expan>uo</expan>d I tho · which of ȝow is trewest</l>\n<l> Abraham seith þat he seigh · holy þe Trinite</l>\n<l> And hath saued þat bileued so · and sory for her synnes</l>\n<l> He can nouȝte segge þe so<expan>m</expan>me · and some aren in his lappe</l>\n<l> What neded it þanne · a newe lawe to bigynne</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> And now cometh <foreign>spes</foreign> and speketh · þat hath aspied þe lawe</l>\n<l> And telleth nouȝte of þe Trinitee · þat toke hym his l<expan>ett</expan>res</l>\n<l> And sitthe riȝt as my<seg>-</seg>self · so louy<add>e</add> alle peple</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Þe gome þat goth with o staf · he semeth in gretter hele</l>\n<l> It is lyȝter to lewed men · a lessou<expan>n</expan> to knowe</l>\n<l> Go þi gate q<expan>uo</expan>d I to <foreign>spes</foreign> · so me god helpe</l>\n<l> Þo þat lerneth þi lawe · wil litel while vsen it</l>\n<hi>And as we went þ<expan>us</expan> in þe weye</hi>\n<l> And as we wenten þus in þe weye · wordyng togyderes</l>\n<l> Þanne seye we a <hi>samaritan</hi> · sittende<note>L.17.50: LRF have the <hi>-ende</hi> form of the present participle; most <hi>B</hi> manuscripts have <hi>sittynge</hi>.</note> on a mule</l>\n<l> Rydynge ful rapely · þe riȝt weye we ȝeden</l>\n<l> To a iustes in iher<expan>usa</expan>l<expan>e</expan>m · he chaced awey faste</l>\n<foreign>i<expan>d est</expan> <expan>cristus</expan></foreign>\n<l> Ne helpe hym<seg>-</seg>self sothely · for semiuyf he semed</l>\n<l> And as naked as a nedle · and none helpe aboute hym</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Feith had first siȝte of hym · ac he flegh on syde</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Hope cam hippyng after · þat hadde so ybosted</l>\n<l> Ac whan he hadde siȝte of þat segge · a<seg>-</seg>syde he gan hy<expan>m</expan> drawe</l>\n<l> Dredfully by þis day as duk · doth fram þe faucou<expan>n</expan></l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Ac so sone so þe samaritan · hadde siȝte of þis lede</l>\n<l> He liȝte adown of lyard · and ladde hym in his hande</l>\n<l> And parceyued bi his pous · he was in p<expan>er</expan>il to deye</l>\n<l> And but if he hadde recourere<note>L.17.69: <hi>recourere</hi> (<OF <hi>recouvrer</hi>), "recover." LR alone read <hi>recourere</hi>; most <hi>B</hi> witnesses record <hi>recouerer</hi>. Cf. L.19.245 for similar alpha and L agreement.</note> · þe rather  þat rise shulde he neure</l>\n<l> And ladde hym so forth on lyard · to <foreign>lex <expan>cristi</expan></foreign> a graunge</l>\n<l> Herberwed hym at an hostrye · and to þe hosteller<expan>e</expan> called</l>\n<l> And seide what he speneth more · I make þe good her<expan>e</expan>after</l>\n<l> For I may nouȝt lette q<expan>uo</expan>d þat leode · & lyarde he bistrydeth</l>\n<l> And raped hym to iher<expan>usa</expan>l<expan>e</expan>m<seg>-</seg>ward · þe riȝte waye to ryde</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Faith folweth<note>L.17.81: LR alone read <hi>folweth</hi>; other <hi>B</hi> manuscripts have <hi>folwede</hi>.</note> after faste · and fonded to mete hym</l>\n<l> And <foreign>spes</foreign> spaklich hym spedde · spede if he myȝte</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> And whan I seyȝ þis I soiourned nouȝte · but shope me to renne</l>\n<l> And suwed þat samaritan · þat was so ful of pite</l>\n<l> And graunted hym to ben his grome · gramercy he seyde</l>\n<l> Ac þi frende and þi felawe q<expan>uo</expan>d he · þow fyndest me at nede</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> And I thanked hym þo · and sith I hym tolde</l>\n<l> Haue hem excused q<expan>uo</expan>d he · her help may litel auaille</l>\n<l> May no medcyn on molde · þe man to hele brynge</l>\n<l> With<seg>-</seg>out þe blode of a barn · borne of a mayde</l>\n<l> And be he bathed in þat blode · baptised as it were</l>\n<l> And þanne plastred with penaunce · and passiou<expan>n</expan> of þat babi</l>\n<l> He shulde stonde and steppe · ac stalworth worth he neure</l>\n<l> For went neuere <add>wy</add>.....<note>L.17.99: The <hi>s. xv</hi> addition may have been <hi>wyght</hi> originally. There is an erasure after <hi>wy</hi>. The error was marked by the corrector in the left margin with a <+>.</note> in þis worlde þorw þat wildernesse</l>\n<l> Saue faith & his felaw · <foreign>spes</foreign> and my<seg>-</seg>selue</l>\n<l> And þi<seg>-</seg>self now · and such as suwen owre werkis</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> For outlawes in þe wode · and vnder banke lotyeth</l>\n<l> And may<note>L.17.104: LCrRF alone read <hi>may</hi>; other <hi>B</hi> manuscripts have some form of <hi>mowen</hi>.</note> vch man se · and gode merke take</l>\n<l> For he halt hym hardyer on horse · þan he þat is a<seg>-</seg>fote<note>L.17.106: LR alone read <hi>a-fote</hi>; the majority of <hi>B</hi> witnesses have <hi>on-fote</hi>.</note></l>\n<l> For he seigh me þat am samaritan · suwen feith & his felaw</l>\n<l> On my caple þat hatte <foreign><hi>caro</hi></foreign> · of mankynde I toke it</l>\n<l> He was vnhardy þat harlot · and hudde hym <foreign><hi>in i<expan>n</expan>ferno</hi></foreign></l>\n<l> And neure eft greue grome · þat goth þis ilke gate</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> And þanne shal feith be forester here · and in þis fritth walke</l>\n<l> And kennen out co<expan>mun</expan>e men · þat knoweth nouȝte þe contre</l>\n<l> Which is þe weye þat ich went · and wherforth to iher<expan>usa</expan>l<expan>e</expan>m</l>\n<l> And hope þe hostelleres man shal be · þ<expan>er</expan>e þe man lith an helynge</l>\n<l> Hope shal lede hem forth with loue · as his l<expan>ett</expan>re telleth</l>\n<l> Tyl I haue salue for alle syke · and þanne shal I retourne</l>\n<l> Þat craueth it or coueiteth it · and cryeth þ<expan>er</expan>e<seg>-</seg>after</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> A swete syre I seyde þo · wher I shal byleue</l>\n<l> In þre p<expan>er</expan>sones departable · þat p<expan>er</expan>petuel were euere</l>\n<l> Louye hem lyke my<seg>-</seg>selue · ac owre lorde aboue alle</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> After abraham q<expan>uo</expan>d he · þat heraud of armes</l>\n<l> Sette faste þi faith · and ferme bileue</l>\n<l> And as hope hiȝte þe · I hote þat þow louye</l>\n<l> Thyn euene<seg>-</seg>crystene euermore · euene<seg>-</seg>forth with þi<seg>-</seg>self</l>\n<l> And if conscience carpe þ<expan>er</expan>e<seg>-</seg>aȝein · or kynde witte oyther</l>\n<l> Or heretykes with argumentz · þin honde þow hym shewe</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Þe fader was fyrst as a fyst · with o fynger foldynge</l>\n<l> Tyl hym loued and lest · to vnlosen his fynger</l>\n<l> And profre it forth as with a paume · to what place it sholde</l>\n<l> And bitokneth trewly · telle who<seg>-</seg>so liketh</l>\n<l> Þe fyngres þat fre ben · to folde and to s<expan>er</expan>ue</l>\n<l> Þat toched and tasted · atte techynge of þe paume</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Qui conceptus est de sp<expan>irit</expan>u s<expan>an</expan>c<expan>t</expan>o &c</hi></foreign></l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Quia om<expan>n</expan>ia traham ad me ip<expan>su</expan>m &c</hi></foreign></l>\n<l> Thus ar þei alle but one · as it an hande were</l>\n<l> Þe paume for he putteth forth fyngres and þe fust bothe</l>\n<l> How he þat is holygoste · sire & sone p<expan>re</expan>ueth</l>\n<l> Halt al þe wyde worlde · with<seg>-</seg>in hem thre</l>\n<l> Bothe welkne and þe wynde · water and erthe</l>\n<l> Heuene & helle · and al þat þ<expan>er</expan>e is Inne<note>L.17.164: LRF alone read <hi>þere is Inne</hi>; other <hi>B</hi> manuscripts have <hi>therin is</hi> or <hi>is þerInne</hi>.</note></l>\n<l> Þus it is · nedeth no man · to trowe non other</l>\n<l> And aren serelepes by hem<seg>-</seg>self · asondry were neure<note>L.17.167: The corrector's <+> in the right margin may refer to L's omission of <hi>þei</hi> before <hi>neure</hi>, an omission shared with the alpha manuscripts.</note></l>\n<l> Namore þan myn hande may meue with<seg>-</seg>outen fyngeres<note>L.17.168: LHmFR alone omit <hi>my</hi> before <hi>fyngeres</hi>.</note></l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> And as my fust is ful honde · yfolde togideres</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Tu fabricator om<expan>n</expan>ium &c</hi></foreign></l>\n<l> And al þe myȝte myd hym is in makyng of þynges</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> The fyngres fo<expan>ur</expan>rmen a ful hande · to p<expan>ur</expan>treye or peynten</l>\n<l> Keruynge and compassynge · as crafte of þe fyngres</l>\n<l> Þe paume is purelich þe hande · hath power bi hym<seg>-</seg>selue</l>\n<l> Otherwyse þan þe wrythen fuste or werkmanschip of fyngres</l>\n<l> For þe paume hath powere to put oute alle þe ioyntes</l>\n<l> And to vnfolde þe folden fuste atte þe fyngres wille</l>\n<l> Þan is þe sire and þe sone · & in þe same myȝte</l>\n<l> Al is but an hande · how<seg>-</seg>so I torne it</l>\n<l> He may receyue riȝt nouȝte · resou<expan>n</expan> it sheweth</l>\n<l> For peyne of þe paume  power<expan>e</expan> hem failleth</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Were þe myddel of myn honde · ymaymed or yp<expan>er</expan>sshed</l>\n<l> Ac þough my thombe & my fyngres bothe were to<seg>-</seg>shullen</l>\n<l> And þe myddel of myn hande · with<seg>-</seg>oute male<seg>-</seg>ese</l>\n<l> In many kynnes maneres · I myȝte my<seg>-</seg>self helpe</l>\n<l> Bi þis skil me þynke<note>L.17.197: L alone reads <hi>þynke</hi>; other beta manuscripts have <hi>þynkeþ</hi>.</note> · I se an euydence</l>\n<l> Þat who<seg>-</seg>so synneth in þe seynt spirit assoilled worth he neure</l>\n<l> Noither here ne elles<seg>-</seg>where · as I herde telle</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Qui p<expan>ec</expan>cat in sp<expan>irit</expan>u s<expan>an</expan>c<expan>t</expan>o &c</hi></foreign></l>\n<l> For he prikketh god as in þe paume · þat <foreign><hi>peccat in sp<expan>irit</expan>u s<expan>an</expan>c<expan>t</expan>o</hi></foreign></l>\n<l> For god þe fader is as a fuste þe sone is as a fynger</l>\n<l> So who<seg>-</seg>so synneth in seynt spirit · it semeth þat he greueth</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> And to a torche or a tapre · þe trinitee is lykned</l>\n<l> And þanne a fyre flaumende<note>L.17.208: LR have the <hi>-ende</hi> form of the present participle; most <hi>B</hi> witnesses have <hi>flawmynge</hi>. See the <xref>Linguistic Description § III.3.5.1.3</xref>.</note> · forth oute of bothe</l>\n<l> And as wex and weyke · and hote fyre togyderes</l>\n<l> So doth þe sire & þe sone · & also <foreign>sp<expan>iritu</expan>s s<expan>an</expan>c<expan>t</expan>us</foreign></l>\n<l> Fostren forth amonges folke · loue & bileue</l>\n<l> Þat alkyn crystene clenseth of synnes</l>\n<l> And as þow seest some<seg>-</seg>tyme sodeynliche a torche</l>\n<l> The blase þ<expan>er</expan>e<seg>-</seg>of yblowe out · ȝet brenneth þe weyke</l>\n<l> With<seg>-</seg>oute leye or liȝte · þat þe macche brenneth</l>\n<l> So is þe holygost god · & g<expan>ra</expan>ce with<seg>-</seg>oute mercy</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> And as glowande<note>L.17.220: L alone has the <hi>-ende</hi> form of the present participle; all other <hi>B</hi> witnesses read <hi>glowynge</hi>. See the <xref>Linguistic Description § III.3.5.1.3</xref>.</note> gledes · gladieth nouȝte þis werkmen</l>\n<l> Þat worchen & waken in wyntres niȝtes</l>\n<l> Graunteth<note>L.17.224: L alone reads <hi>Graunteth</hi>; other <hi>B</hi> manuscripts have <hi>Graunte</hi>.</note> no grace · ne forȝifnesse of synnes</l>\n<l> And þanne flaumbeth he as fyre on fader & on <foreign>filius</foreign></l>\n<l> And melteth her myȝte in<seg>-</seg>to mercy · as men may se in wyntre</l>\n<l> Ysekeles in eueses þorw hete of þe sonne</l>\n<l> Melteth in a mynut<seg>-</seg>while · to myst & to watre</l>\n<l> Melteth in<seg>-</seg>to<note>L.17.233: L alone reads <hi>in-to</hi>; most other <hi>B</hi> manuscripts have <hi>to</hi>.</note> mercy · to m<expan>er</expan>cyable & to non other</l>\n<l> And as wex with<seg>-</seg>outen more · on a warme glede</l>\n<l> Wil brennen & blasen · be þei to<seg>-</seg>gyderes</l>\n<l> And solacen hem þat may se · þat sitten in derkenesse</l>\n<l> So wole þe fader forȝif folke of mylde hertes</l>\n<l> Þat reufulliche repenten · & restituciou<expan>n</expan> make</l>\n<l> And if it suffice nouȝte for assetz · þat in suche a wille deyeth</l>\n<l> For to myrthe men with · þat in merke sitten</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Ac hew fyre at a flynte · fowre hundreth wyntre</l>\n<l> Bot þow haue towe to take it with · tondre or broches</l>\n<l> So is þe holy gost god · & grace with<seg>-</seg>outen mercy</l>\n<l> To alle vnkynde creatures · cryst hym<seg>-</seg>self witnesseth</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Amen dico vobis nescio vos &c ·</hi></foreign></l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Be vnkynde to þin euene<seg>-</seg>cristene · and al þat þow canst bidden</l>\n<l> And p<expan>ur</expan>chace al þe pardou<expan>n</expan> of Pampilou<expan>n</expan> & Rome</l>\n<l> And indulgences ynowe · & be <foreign>ingratus</foreign> to þi kynde</l>\n<l> Þe holy goste hereth þe nouȝt · ne helpe may þe by resou<expan>n</expan></l>\n<l> Poule þe apostle preueth wher I lye</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Si linguis ho<expan>mi</expan>nu<expan>m</expan> loquar &c</hi></foreign></l>\n<l> For<seg>-</seg>thy beth war ȝe wyse men · þat with þe <sic>wolde</sic><corr>wo[r]lde</corr><note>L.17.263: The corrector's <X> in the margin notes the scribe's erroneous <hi>wolde</hi> for <hi>worlde</hi>.</note> deleth </l>\n<l> That riche ben & resou<expan>n</expan> knoweth · reuleth wel ȝowre soule</l>\n<l> Beth nouȝte vnkynde I conseille ȝow · to ȝowre euene<seg>-</seg>crystene</l>\n<l> Ȝe brenne but ȝe blaseth nouȝte · þat is a blynde bekene</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Non om<expan>n</expan>is qui dicit d<expan>omi</expan>ne d<expan>omi</expan>ne int<expan>ra</expan>bit &c ·</hi></foreign></l>\n<expan><foreign><hi>nota</hi></foreign></expan><note>L.17.269: A musical note is drawn in the right margin here as a pun on <hi>nota</hi>.</note>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Diues deyed dampned · for his vnkyndenesse</l>\n<expan><foreign><hi>nota</hi></foreign></expan><note>L.17.270: A musical <hi>nota</hi> is drawn in the left margin.</note>\n<l> Of his mete & his<note>L.17.270: LCM omit the <hi>of</hi> found in many <hi>B</hi> manuscripts before <hi>his</hi>.</note> moneye to men that it neded</l>\n<l> And gyueth ȝowre good to þat god · þ<expan>a</expan>t g<expan>ra</expan>ce of ariseth</l>\n<l> For þat ben vnkynde to his · hope I none other</l>\n<l> But þei dwelle þ<expan>er</expan>e diues is · dayes with<seg>-</seg>outen ende</l>\n<l> For þat kynde dothe vnkynde fordoth · as þese cursed theues</l>\n<l> And who morthereth a good man · me thynketh by myn Inwyt</l>\n<expan><foreign><hi>nota</hi></foreign></expan><note>L.17.286: A musical <expan><foreign><hi>nota</hi></foreign></expan> is drawn in the left margin.</note>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Ac ȝut in many mo man<expan>er</expan>es · men offenden þe holygoste</l>\n<l> How myȝte he axe mercy · or any mercy hym helpe</l>\n<l> That shent vs & shadde owr<expan>e</expan> blode · forshapte vs as it were</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Vindica sanguinem iustor<expan>um</expan></hi></foreign></l>\n<l> Thus veniaunce veniaunce verrey charite asketh</l>\n<l> And sith holicherche & charite chargeth þis so sore</l>\n<l> Leue I neure that owre lorde wil loue þat charite lakketh</l>\n<foreign><hi>no<expan>ta</expan> p<expan>ec</expan>cato contr<expan>a</expan> sp<expan>irit</expan>us s<expan>an</expan>c<expan>t</expan>o</hi></foreign>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> I pose I hadde synned so · and shulde now deye</l>\n<l> And now am sory þat<note>L.17.301: LR alone omit <hi>I</hi> after <hi>þat</hi>.</note> so · þe seint spirit agulte</l>\n<l> Confesse me & crye his g<expan>ra</expan>ce · god þat al made</l>\n<expan><foreign>nota</foreign></expan><note>L.17.304: A musical <hi><foreign>nota</foreign></hi> is drawn in the left margin.</note>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Ȝus seide þe Samaritan · so wel þow myȝte repente</l>\n<l> Þat riȝtwisnesse þorw repentance · to reuthe myȝte torne</l>\n<l> Any creature þat is coupable · afor a kynges iustice</l>\n<l> Be raunsoned for his repentaunce · þ<expan>er</expan>e alle resou<expan>n</expan> hym dampneth</l>\n<l> For þere þat partye pursueth · þe pele<note>L.17.309: LRF alone read <hi>pele</hi>; most other <hi>B</hi> manuscripts have <hi>peple</hi>.</note> is so huge</l>\n<l> Þat þe kynge may do no m<expan>er</expan>cy · til bothe men acorde</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Numq<expan>ua</expan>m dimittit<expan>ur</expan> peccatu<expan>m</expan> &c</hi></foreign></l>\n<l> Þus it fareth bi suche folke · þat falsely al her lyues<note>L.17.313: A musical <hi>nota</hi> appears in the left margin.</note></l>\n<l> Nouȝt of þe nounpower<expan>e</expan> of god · þat he ne is myȝtful</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Misericordia eius sup<expan>er</expan> om<expan>n</expan>ia opera eius</hi></foreign></l>\n<expan><foreign><hi>nota</hi></foreign></expan><note>L.17.320: There is a musical <hi>nota</hi> drawn in the left margin and a second, similar <hi>nota</hi> in the right margin.</note>\n<l> Ac ar his riȝtwisnesse to reuthe tourne · some restituciou<expan>n</expan> bihoueth </l>\n<l> His sorwe is <hi>satisfacciou<expan>n</expan></hi> for hym þat may nouȝte paye</l>\n<foreign>Fum<expan>us</expan> Mulier & stillicidia <lb/>\nExpellu<expan>n</expan>t ho<expan>m</expan>i<expan>n</expan>em a domo p<expan>ro</expan><supplied>verbia</supplied><damage>......</damage></foreign>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Thre þinges þ<expan>er</expan>e ben · þat doth a man by strengthe</l>\n<l> Þat one is a wikked wyf · þat wil nouȝt be chasted</l>\n<l> Her fiere fleeth fro hyr · for fere of her tonge</l>\n<l> And if his hous be vnhiled · and reyne on his bedde<note>L.17.326-327: This line and the next are bracketed in the right margin.</note></l>\n<l> And whan smoke & smolder smyt in his syȝte</l>\n<l> For smoke & smolder · smyteth his eyen</l>\n<l> Til he be blere<seg>-</seg>nyed<note>L.17.331: This form appears only in LR. Most other <hi>B</hi> manuscripts read <hi>blereighed</hi>.</note> or blynde · and hors in þe throte</l>\n<l> Cougheth and curseth · þat cryst gyf hem sorwe</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Þise thre þat I telle of · ben þus to vnderstonde<note>L.17.334-339: This line group has been bracketed in the right margin and a <hi>nota</hi> added in the form of a musical note. Further to the right are three more marginal additions: near the top of the line group is the word <foreign><hi>vxor</hi></foreign>; near the middle is a small bracket, and in the space between this line group and the next is the word <foreign><hi>stillicida</hi></foreign>.</note></l>\n<l> The wyf is owre wikked flesshe · þat wil nouȝt be chasted</l>\n<l> And þowgh it falle it fynt skiles · þe frelete it made</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> The reyne þat reyneth · þ<expan>er</expan>e we reste sholde<note>L.17.340: This line group has been bracketed in the right margin with a <hi>nota</hi> added in the form of a musical note, as was the previous line group. As before, there is an additional smaller bracket to the right, this time between the mid-point and bottom edge of the line group.</note></l>\n<l> Ben sikenesses & sorwes · þat we suffren oft</l>\n<l> <foreign><hi>Virtus in infirmitate p<expan>er</expan>ficitur &c ·</hi></foreign></l>\n<l> And þowgh þat men make  moche deol in her angre</l>\n<l> And inpacient in here penaunce · pure resou<expan>n</expan> knoweth</l>\n<l> Þat þei han cause to contrarie · by kynde of her sykenesse</l>\n<l> <hi>¶</hi> Ac þe smoke and þe smolder þat smyt in owre eyghen<note>L.17.349358: This line group is bracketed in the right margin with a <foreign><expan><hi>nota</hi></expan></foreign> musical pun added as in the previous two line groups. Again, there are more marginal additions further to the right: this time the word <hi>fumus</hi> near the top of the line group and a small bracket slightly below the mid-point.</note></l>\n<l> Þat is coueityse and vnkyndenesse · þat quencheth goddes mercy</l>\n<l> For vnkyndenesse is þe contrarie · of alkynnes resou<expan>n</expan></l>\n<l> For <add>þ<expan>er</expan>e</add> nys syke ne sori · ne non so moche wrecche</l>\n<l> Þat he ne may louye & hym lyke · and lene of his herte</l>\n<l> Goed wille & good worde  bothe wisshen and willen</l>\n<l> Alle manere men · mercy & forȝifnesse</l>\n<l> And louye hem liche hym<seg>-</seg>self · and his lyf amende</l>\n<l> I may no lenger lette q<expan>uo</expan>d he · and lyarde he pryked</l>\n<l> And went away as wynde · and þ<expan>er</expan>e<seg>-</seg>with I awaked</l>


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