In ðeosse abbudissan mynstre wæs sum broðor syndriglice mid godcundre gife gemæred ond geweorðad, forþon he gewunade gerisenlice leoð wyrcan, þa ðe to æfæstnisse ond to arfæstnisse belumpen, swa ðætte, swa hwæt swa he of godcundum stafum þurh boceras geleornode, þæt he æfter medmiclum fæce in scopgereorde mid þa mæstan swetnisse ond inbryrdnisse geglængde ond in Engliscgereorde wel geworht forþbrohte.\nOnd for his leoþsongum monigra monna mod oft to worulde forhogdnisse ond to geþeodnisse þæs heofonlican lifes onbærnde wæron.\nOnd eac swelce monige oðre æfter him in Ongelþeode ongunnon æfæste leoð wyrcan, ac nænig hwæðre him þæt gelice don meahte, forþon he nales from monnum ne þurh mon gelæred wæs, þæt he þone leoðcræft leornade, ac he wæs godcundlice gefultumed ond þurh Godes gife þone songcræft onfeng.\nOnd he forðon næfre noht leasunge, ne idles leoþes wyrcan meahte, ac efne þa an þa ðe to æfæstnesse belumpon, ond his þa æfestan tungan gedafenode singan.\nWæs he, se mon, in weoruldhade geseted oð þa tide þe he wæs gelyfdre ylde, ond næfre nænig leoð geleornade.\nOnd he forþon oft in gebeorscipe, þonne þær wæs blisse intinga gedemed, þæt heo ealle sceolden þurh endebyrdnesse be hearpan singan, þonne he geseah þa hearpan him nealecan, þonne aras he for scome from þæm symble ond ham eode to his huse.\nÞa he þæt þa sumre tide dyde, þæt he forlet þæt hus þæs gebeorscipes, ond ut wæs gongende to neata scipene, þara heord him wæs þære neahte beboden — þa he ða þær in gelimplicre tide his leomu on reste gesette ond onslepte, þa stod him sum mon æt þurh swefn ond hine halette ond grette ond hine be his noman nemnde: "Cedmon, sing me hwæthwugu."\nÞa ondswarede he ond cwæð: "Ne con ic noht singan; ond ic forþon of þeossum gebeorscipe ut eode, ond hider gewat, forþon ic naht singan ne cuðe."\nEft he cwæð, se ðe mid hine sprecende wæs: "Hwæðre þu meaht singan."\nÞa cwæð he: "Hwæt sceal ic singan?"\nCwæð he: "Sing me frumsceaft."\nÞa he ða þas andsware onfeng, þa ongon he sona singan in herenesse Godes Scyppendes þa fers ond þa word þe he næfre gehyrde, þara endebyrdnes þis is:\n"Nu sculon herigean heofonrices Weard,\nheofon to hrofe halig Scyppend.\nÞa middangeard monncynnes Weard,\nfirum foldan, Frea ælmihtig."\nÞa aras he from þæm slæpe, ond eal þa þe he slæpende song fæste in gemynde hæfde ond þæm wordum sona monig word in þæt ilce gemet Gode wyrðes songes togeþeodde.\nÞa com he on morgenne to þæm tungerefan, þe his ealdormon wæs: sægde him hwylce gife he onfeng, ond he hine sona to þære abbudissan gelædde ond hire þa cyðde ond sægde.\nÞa heht heo gesomnian ealle þa gelæredestan men ond þa leorneras: ond him ondweardum het secgan þæt swefn, ond þæt leoð singan, þæt ealra heora dome gecoren wære, hwæt oððe hwonon þæt cuman wære.\nÞa wæs him eallum gesegen, swa swa hit wæs, þæt him wære from Drihtne sylfum heofonlic gifu forgifen.\nÞa rehton heo him ond sægdon sum halig spell ond godcundre lare word; bebudon him þa, gif he meahte, þæt he in swinsunge leoþsonges þæt gehwyrfde.\nÞa he ða hæfde þa wisan onfongne, þa eode he ham to his huse ond cwom eft on morgenne ond þy betstan leoðe geglenged him asong ond ageaf þæt him beboden wæs.\nÐa ongan seo abbudisse clyppan ond lufigean þa Godes gife in þæm men, ond heo hine þa monade ond lærde þæt he woruldhad anforlete ond munuchad onfenge, ond he þæt wel þafode.\nOnd heo hine in þæt mynster onfeng mid his godum, ond hine geþeodde to gesomnunge þara Godes þeowa; ond heht hine læran þæt getæl þæs halgan stæres ond spelles.\nOnd he eal þa he in gehyrnesse geleornian meahte mid hine gemyndgade ond swa swa clæne neten eodorcende in þæt sweteste leoð gehwerfde; ond his song ond his leoð wæron swa wynsumu to gehyranne, þætte seolfan þa his lareowas æt his muðe wreoton ond leornodon.\nSong he ærest be middangeardes gesceape ond bi fruman moncynnes ond eal þæt stær Genesis, þæt is seo æreste Moyses booc, ond eft bi utgonge Israhela folces of Ægypta londe ond bi ingonge þæs gehatlandes; ond bi oðrum monegum spellum þæs halgan gewrites canones boca; ond bi Cristes menniscnesse; ond bi his þrowunge; ond bi his upastignesse in heofonas; ond bi þæs Halgan Gastes cyme, ond þara apostola lare. Ond eft bi þæm dæge þæs toweardan domes, ond bi fyrhtu þæs tintreglican wiites, ond bi swetnesse þæs heofonlecan rices, he monig leoð geworhte.\nOnd swelce eac oðer monig be þæm godcundan fremsumnessum ond domum he geworhte.\nIn eallum þæm he geornlice gemde, þæt he men atuge from synna lufan ond mandæda, ond to lufan ond to geornfulnesse awehte godra dæda.\nForþon he wæs, se mon, swiþe æfæst ond regollecum þeodscipum eaðmodlice underþeoded.\nOnd wið þæm, þa ðe in oðre wisan don woldon, he wæs mid welme micelre ellenwodnisse onbærned.\nOnd he forðon fægre ænde his lif betynde ond geendade.\nForþon þa ðære tide nealæcte his gewitenesse ond forðfore, þa wæs he feowertynum dagum ær, þæt he wæs lichomlicre untrymnesse þrycced ond hefgad, hwæðre to þon gemetlice, þæt he ealle þa tid meahte ge sprecan ge gongan.\nWæs þær in neaweste untrumra monna hus, in þæm heora þeaw wæs, þæt heo þa untrumran, ond þa ðe æt forðfore wæron, inlædan sceoldon ond him þær ætsomne þegnian.\nÞa bæd he his þegn on æfenne þære neahte, þe he of worulde gongende wæs, þæt he in þæm huse him stowe gegearwode, þæt he gerestan meahte.\nÞa wundrode se þegn, for hwon he ðæs bæde, forþon him þuhte þæt his forðfor swa neah ne wære; dyde hwæðre swa swa he cwæð ond bibead.\nOnd mid þy he ða þær on reste eode, ond he gefeonde mode sumu þing mid him sprecende ætgædere ond gleowiende wæs, þe þær ær inne wæron, þa wæs ofer middeneaht þæt he frægn, hwæðer heo ænig husl inne hæfdon.\nÞa ondswarodon heo ond cwædon: "Hwylc þearf is ðe husles? Ne þinre forþfore swa neah is, nu þu þus rotlice ond þus glædlice to us sprecende eart."\nCwæð he eft: "Berað me husl to."\nÞa he hit þa on honda hæfde, þa frægn he hwæþer heo ealle smolt mod ond buton eallum incan bliðe to him hæfdon.\nÞa ondswaredon hy ealle ond cwædon, þæt heo nænigne incan to him wiston, ac heo ealle him swiðe bliðemode wæron. Ond heo wrixendlice hine bædon, þæt he him eallum bliðe wære.\nÞa ondswarade he ond cwæð: "Mine broðor, mine þa leofan, ic eom swiðe bliðemod to eow ond to eallum Godes monnum," ond swa wæs hine getrymmende mid þy heofonlecan wegneste, ond him oðres lifes ingong gegearwode.\nÞa gyt he frægn, hu neah þære tide wære, þætte þa broðor arisan scolden ond Godes lof ræran ond heora uhtsong singan.\nÞa ondswaredon heo: "Nis hit feor to þon."\nCwæð he, "Teala, wuton we wel þære tide bidan," ond þa him gebæd ond hine gesegnode mid Cristes rodetacne, ond his heafod onhylde to þæm bolstre ond medmicel fæc onslepte ond swa mid stilnesse his lif geendade.\nOnd swa wæs geworden, þætte swa swa he hluttre mode ond bilwitre ond smyltre wilsumnesse Drihtne þeode, þæt he eac swylce swa smylte deaðe middangeard wæs forlætende, ond to his gesihðe becwom.\nOnd seo tunge, þe swa monig halwende word in þæs Scyppendes lof gesette, he ða swelce eac þa ytmæstan word in his herenisse, hine seolfne segniende ond his gast in his honda bebeodende, betynde.\nEac swelce þæt is gesegen, þæt he wære gewis his seolfes forðfore, of þæm we nu secgan hyrdon.


Cham - Wikipǣdia, sēo frēo wīsdōmbōc\nCham (חָם, Regollic Hebrēisc Ḥam, Tiberisc Hebrēisc Ḥām, Ḫām, Ge'ez Kam), be þǣre Cynnreccnessa Cnēorisbōce, wæs sunu Noes and se fæder Chuses, Mizraimes, Phutes, and Chananes. David Rohl gecnǣwþ þās þēode swā þā Pēne þæs Punt.\nHam in þǣre BiblioþēcanAdiht\nÞēawlīce is gecēpt þæt Cham wæs ān þāra suna Noes, þe tēah sūþwest intō Affrica and dǣlas þæs nēan Middlan Ēastes, and wæs se forefæder þāra þēoda þǣr. Sēo Biblioþēce belimpþ tō Egyptan swā "þæt land Chames" in (Saltere 78:51; 105:23,27; 106:22; 1Ch 4:40). Þǣt Hebrēisce word for Egyptan wæs Mizraim (gewēne bōclīce mǣnþ þā tū land), and wæs se nama ānes suna Chames. Þæt Egiptisce word for Egyptan wæs Khem, þe fægerlīce wæs se fruma þæs naman Cham, oþþe þurh sōnhwierfune betwēonan sprǣcum. Þā naman Chames ōðra cildra efenlǣcaþ þā dǣlas wiþinnan Egyptan rīcscunge - Kush, Chanan, and Phut.\nBe Cnēorisbēc 9:20–25, ongann Noe tō tilienne wīnberian æfter þǣm flōde, and druncnode sume dæge. Þā hwīle þe hē druncen wæs, læg hē þā limnacod in his telde. Cham seah his fæder limnacodne, and cȳþde his brōðrum Seme and Iafethe þǣrymbe. Sem and Iafeth ēodon in þæt teld mid hira andwlītan in bewrigenum, and hine þeahton. Hwonne Noe wōc, wiste hē hwæt him belamp, and wiergde Chanan, sunu Chames, tō bēone þā þēowas Semes and Iafethes.\nWīf on borde þǣre Arce\nFram "https://ang.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cham&oldid=166288" begeten\nLast edited on 7 Hreðmonað 2013, at 23:11\nMan niwanost wende þisne tramet on þære 23:11 tide þæs 7 Hreðmonað 2013.


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13:1 Þær wæren sume on þare tide of galilëën hym keðende. þara blod pilates mengde mid hyre offrunge.\n13:2 Þa cwæð he heom andsweriende. wene ge wæren þa galileiscan synfulle to-foran eallen galileiscan. for-þan-þe hyo swylc þoleden.\n13:3 Ne segge ic na. ac ealle ge gelice for-wurðeð. buton ge deadbote don;\n13:4 swa þa ehte-tyna. ofer þa feoll se stepel on syloa. & hyo of-sloh. Wene ge þæt hyo wæren scyldige ofer ealle menn þe on ierusalem wunedon.\n13:5 Ne segge ic ac swa ge for-wurðed. bute ge deadbote don.\n13:6 Ða sæde he heom þis bispell. Summan hæfde an fic-treow ge-plantod on his win-gearde. þa com he & sohte his wæstmes on hym. þa ne fand he nane.\n13:7 Þa cwæð he to þam hyrde nu synde þreo gear seððan ich com wæstme secende on þissen fic-treowe. & ic ne funde. For-scrif (sic) hine hwy ofer-stricð (sic) he þæt land.\n13:8 Ða cwæð he. hlaford læt hine geat þis gear oð Ic hine be-delfe. & ic hine be-weorpe mid dunge.\n13:9 & witodlice he wæstmes bringeð. Gif hit elles hwæt beoð. for-scrif hine syððan.\n13:10 Ða wæs he reste-dagen on hiore gesamnunge; lærende.\n13:11 þa wæs þær sum wif seo hafde untrumnysse gast ehtetyne gear. & hyo wæs abogen ne hyo allunge ne mihte up beseon.\n13:12 Ða se hælend hyo ge-seah he cleopede hyo to him. & saide hire. Wif þu ert for-læten of þinre untrumnysse.\n13:13 & his hand hire on sette. þa wæs hyo sona up arerd. & hyo god wuldrede.\n13:14 Ða ge-bealh se duguðe ealder hine for-þan þe se hælend on reste-daige helde & sæde þam manigeo. Syx dages synde on þam ge-bereð þæt man wyrce. cumeð on þam & beoð ge-hælde. & na on reste daige.\n13:15 Þa andswerede se hælend & cwæð. La liceteras ne un-tygð eower ælc on reste-daige his oxen oððe assen fram þare binne & læt to wætere.\n13:16 Ðas abrahames dohter þe satanas ge-band nu ehtetyna gear. ne beryde hire beon un-bundon of þisen benden on reste-daige.\n13:17 Ða he þis saide þa scamede eallen his wiðer-winnan. & eall folc ge-blissode on eallen þan þe wunderfullice fram him ge-wurðon.\n13:18 Soðlice he cwæð. hwam is godes rice gelic; & hwam wene ic þæt hit beo ge-lich.\n13:19 hit is gelic sepenes (sic) corne þe se man onfeng & seow on his wertun. & hit weox & warð mycel treow & heofene fugeles resten on his bogen.\n13:20 Ænd eft he cwæð. hwam wene ic þæt godes rice seo gelic.\n13:21 hit ys gelic þam beorman þe þæt wif onfeng & be-hedde on þam melewe þreo ge-mitte. oððe hit warð eall ahafen.\n13:22 Ða ferde he þurh ceastre & castella to ierusalem & þær lærde.\n13:23 Ða cwæð sum man to him. drihten feawe synde þe synde ge-hælede. Ða cwæð he to heom.\n13:24 efstað þet ge gangen þurh þa nærewe gate for-þan ich segge eow manege secað þæt hyo ingan & hyo ne magen.\n13:25 Þanne se hirdes ealdor ingæð & his dure be-clyst. ge standeð þær ute & þa dure cnokieð & cweðað. Ðrihten atyn us. Þanne cweð he to eow. Ne can ich eow naht (sic) ich hwanen ge synde.\n13:26 Þanne on-ginnen ge cweðen. we æten & druncen be-foren þe & on uren stræten þu lærdest.\n13:27 þanne saið he eow ne can ic hwanen ge synde. ge-witeð fram me ealle unriht-wyrhten.\n13:28 þær beoð wop & toðe gristbihung Note: MS. gristhung (sic), with bi written above. . Þanne ge ge-seoð abraham & ysääc. & iacob & ealle witegen on godes rice. & ge beoð ut adrifene.\n13:29 & hyo cumeð fram east-dæle & west-dæ & suð-dæle. & sittað on godes rice.\n13:30 & efne synde ytemeste þa þe beoð fyrmeste & synde fyrmeste þa þe beoð ytemeste.\n13:31 On þam daige him ge-neohlacten sume farisei & him saigdon. Far & ga heonon. for-þam þe herodes þe wile of-slean.\n13:32 And þa cwæð he to heom. Gað & seggeð þam foxe. deofel-seocnysse ich ut adrife. & ic hæle ge-fremme to-daig & to-morgen & ðridden daige ich beo for-numen.\n13:33 Þeah-hwæðere me ge-bereð to-daig & to-morgen. & þy æftere daige gan. forþan ne bëreð þæt se witega for-wurðe buton ierusalem.\n13:34 Eale ierusalem ierusalem. þu þe þa witegen of-sleahst. & hænst þa þe to þe asent synden. hu ofte ic wolde þine bearn ge-gaderian. swa se fugel doð his nyst under his fyðeren & þu noldest.\n13:35 Nu beoð eower hus eow for-lætan. Soðlice ic eow segge þt ge me ne ge-seoð ær þan þe cume se þanne ge cweðed ge-bletsod syo se þe com on drihtnes namen.


Orosius - Wikipǣdia, sēo frēo wīsdōmbōc\nPaulus Orosius (c. 375 - c. 418) ƿæs crīsten stǣrƿrītere, dryhtƿeorþ ƿrītere, ƿita and Scte. Augustines lǣringmann. He ƿæs of Hispanie, ƿēnunga fram Bracara Augusta. He lifde and ƿrāt æt þǣm ende þæs Rōmāniscan Ricum.\nOrosius is cūþost for his bēc Historiarum Adversum Paganos Libri VII ("Seofen Stærbēc ƿið þā Hǣðnas"), þa ƿrāt he ongēan þone gelēafan on folce þe þæs Rōmāniscan Rīces amolsnung ƿæs þȳ hit hæfde onfangen Cristendōm.\n2 Stær ƿiþ þæm Hæþnum\n3 Ælfredes Cyninges Orosius\nSiþþan Orosius ƿearþ prēost, aspyrede hē þā Priscillianistas on Spēnum. Þā ēode hē tō Scte Augustine æt Hippo in Norþaffrice in þǣm 413. gēare oððe þǣm 414. Siþþan hē hæfde abiden sume þrāge in Affrice tō Augustines leornungcnihte, ƿæs Orosius in þǣm 415. gēare of Augustine gesended tō Palestine mid pistole him tō gecȳðenne Orosius tō Ierome, se ƿunede in Bethleheme. His ǣrend ƿæs þe Orosius meahte habban mā lāre from Ierome on ymb þā ƿēna þāra Priscillianista and Origenista. Nōþylæs, man segeð þe in sōþe ƿæs his bisgo fullǣst for Ierome and ōþrum ƿið Pelagie, se, fram þǣm Cartaina synoðe in þǣm 411. gēare, ƿunede in Palestine and þǣr fand frīend.\nÆfter Orosies tōcyme, ƿæs oferstǣled Iohannes Biscop of Ierusaleme, to abannenne synoð in þǣm Ǣrran Līðan þæs 415. Æt þissum synoðe getealde Orosius Cartaine rǣdnessa and he rēd missenlice Augustines ƿritunge ƿiþ Pelagie. Mære ascode Pelagius Et quis est mihi Augustinus? ("Hƿa me is Augustine?"). Sige nadde Orosius on Crēcum, þa ne understōd Orosies Læden. Orosius geƿonne Iohannes biscopes ƿord to sendenne pistolas and menn to þæm biscope of Rombyrige beforan cƿōm he ongean to Affrice\nPaulus Orosius forþfērde geleāflice on Affrice oððe on Ispanie.\nStær ƿiþ þæm HæþnumAdiht\nHistoriarum Adversum Paganos ("Stær ƿiþ þæm Hæþnum") ƿrāt Orosius æt Augustines scīenesse. Orosius cƿēþ þe seo middangeard hæfþ ƿeaxen tīlor siððan Cristendōmes tōcyme. For andƿorde to þæm menn þa lociað to þisse ielde ƿēum, cƿēþ he fram ærdada ƿēum, þa cƿōm beforan Cristendōme þa ƿæron rihte ƿiersa. Þeos bōc ƿork, an ƿoruld-stær on þæm ƿēum þa habbaþ befeallan manncynn fram Adame oð ymbe 417, ƿæs seo ærrest ƿoruld-stærbōc sƿa stær of Godes hand sƿa manncynnes ƿeard. Eftsōn ƿæs seo bōc frēamære. Ælmæst tƿegen hundred biƿriten bēc sind in bōchordum ofer þære ƿorulde.\nBono Giamboni aƿendede þæm boc in þæm Eotoliscan gereorde. Aƿendung þæs fēoƿertēoþa gearhundredes in þæm Aragoniscan gereorde, be Domingo de García Martín, ƿæs geƿyrhte fram Bono Giambonis Eotoliscan aƿendung. Historiarum Adversum Paganos ƿæs in Arabisc aƿendede in Speonlande under al-Hakam II, Caliph of Cordoban.\nÆlfredes Cyninges OrosiusAdiht\nĒac sēo Ōhthere and Ƿulfstān\nÆlfred cyning ƿyrhte abridged, freo aƿendung þæs Stær ƿiþ þæm Hæþnum. Ælfredes Orosius ne holdeþ fæst to Orosies ærest text; hit bringeþ manige þing to Ælfredes dæge.\nSeo bōc beginneþ mid biliþ þære ƿorulde; "Hu ure ieldran ealne þisne middangeard on þreo todældon". Ac seo ƿoruld aƿended micle betƿeonum Orosies dæg and Ælfredes and hēr toƿriteþ Ælfred þære landa Europes in his gearum, and on þæm landum and folcum middangeardes. Ēac hæfþ seo bōc Ƿulfstanes talu in his færelde to þæm Ostsæ to Denemearce, Norþƿege, Sƿeolande and Estlande, and Ōhtheres talu in his færelde ofer norþ to Beormalande.\nÞæræfter folgieð Ælfredes cyninges bōc Orosies stær on þæm Engliscum gereorde, fram Ninie Asiria cyninge and fram Sodome and Gomorre to Alerices cyninges dæge in Italie.\n↑ David Rohrbacher, "Orosius," in The Historians of Late Antiquity (Routledge, 2002), pp. 135–137\n↑ Catholic Encyclopedia - Paulus Orosius\n↑ ed. Tassi, Firenze 1849; partial editions are available in Cesare Segre, Volgarizzamenti del Due e del Trecento, Torino 1953 and in Cesare Segre, La prosa del Duecento, Milano-Napoli 1959)\n↑ Englisc mid glēsinge, adihtede be Janet Bately; ISBN 0-19-722406-7\nEnglisc word, mid ærword on Lædene, ādihtede be H. Sweet, 1883\nOrosius' Historiarum Adversum Paganos Libri VII at The Latin Library (in Latin)\nOrosius' Historiae Adversum Paganos at Attalus (in Latin)\nOrosius sƿa source for Ibn Khaldun\nA collection of links on Orosie\nFram "https://ang.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orosius&oldid=202663" begeten\nLast edited on 8 Haligmonað 2021, at 11:10\nMan niwanost wende þisne tramet on þære 11:10 tide þæs 8 Haligmonað 2021.


Barhyd – Fyrgencranic\nThis is my translation of Margaret Hunt’s version of “Bearskin,” originally published in the book “Household Tales by the Brothers Grimm.” It can be found here.\nHere is a pdf version of my translation. I’ve made a few minor changes, and decided to rename the hero to “Boar-skin” as the boar is a little more blatantly Anglo Saxon than the bear, in my opinion.\nGéara iú cóm gewinn to grénum lande. Ðegnas gædrodon ðá fyrd, and hí férdon to sæcce, sóhton æscðræce. Betwux gebúrum and beadurincum stód sum hyse beald on ðám scildwealle. Ðéah ðe he bær efne eoforspere and medemlicne scyld, he ðéah bealdode wel, and he wæs ǽfre se fyrmeste on ðám beadurǽse. Eall him éode wel on hand, swá lange swá séo fyrd fuhte. Ac ðá ðæt gewinn geendode, and gáras swodrodon, ðá asende man ðone hyse fram fyrde, ðæt he moste friðes brúcan. Déað ǽr hæfde his ealdran to Dryhtne gedragen, and he leng ne hæfde nán léof hús. He forðam éode to his gebróðrum, him biddende, ðæt hí hine underfón oð ðæt beadu eft forbyrne yrða and se féondfæder eft his wíghrefnas féde mid hrǽum wæla. Ac ðá gebróðru wǽron heardheorte, and hine forsócon cweðende, “Hwæt miht ðu us fremian? We nyllað ðe underfón on hús. Gá ðu heonan, and gým ðu ðe on selfe.”\nSe hyse næfde him nán ðing bútan spere. He hine genam, and éode forð wrecca on worulde. Ðá cóm he to wídre hǽðe, on ðǽre he seah náwht bútan hring tréowa. Under ðám blédum gesæt se sorglica hyse. He ðá ongan his gesceafte geðencan. He him wordum sægde, “Ic næbbe nán sceatta. Ne cann ic nán cræft bútan níðweorce, and nú frið is genumen, mínu ðéod leng ne ðearf mínne gár. Ic séo ðæt ic sceal hungre geendian.”\nÐǽrrihtes gehýrde se hyse sume brastlunge, and háwode underbæc. Ðǽr stód befóran him sum fremde mann, ðe werode grénne cyrtel, hæbbende him swíðe unfægra tóclofena clawa.\nSe fremde mann cwæð ðǽm hyse, “Ic iú wát ðætte ðu ðearft. Gold and æhta scyle ðu habban, swá micel ðæt ðu afón mæge. Dó ðæt ðu wile, ac ic fyrst wille witan gif ðu béo bútan fyrhto, ðæt ic ne gife ná feoh on ídel.”\nSe hyse andswarode cweðende, “Cempa and fyrhto ne sindon náne geferan. Ðu meaht me cunnian.”\nTo ðám se fremde mann cwæð, “Háwa ðu eft underbæc.”\nSe hyse him cerde on bæcling, and he ðǽr seah micelne bár, ðe bellende cóm him tó. Se unforhta iunga ðréatode ðæt wilddéor secgende, “Éalá eofor! Ic tinclige ðíne ðrotan, ðæt ðu sóna geswícst ðínre grymetunge.” He mid spere hnát ðone bár, ðe ahréas acweald, and nǽfre eft gerás.\nFor ðissum cwæð se uncúða, “Ic séo swíðe wel, ðæt ðu neart ellenléas. Ac gén bið óðer gerád ðe ðu fulfremman scyle.”\nAndswarode se mago, “Gif hit ne frecneð mín feorhnere.” He wát forwel hwá ðǽr fore him stód.\nGrénecyrtel smearcode. He wordum cwæð ðám hyse, “Ne scealt ðu seofon géaras ne ðé baðian, ne ðínne beard ne ðín feax cemban, ne ðínne næglas ceorfan. Ne scealt ðu nánne paternoster singan. Ic gife ðe loðan and cyrtel, ðá ðe be ðisse hwíle ðu scealt awerian. ac gif ðu sweltest on ðissum seofon géarum, swá ðu weorðe mín ðéow. Gif ðu lifige, ðonne béo ðu fréod, and swíðe éadig on ðínum dæge to bóte.”\nSe hyse geðohte ðone cost. Forðæm he hæfde oft and gelóme gán forð on beadurǽse to findanne his ágenne líchaman déað, he forðam rǽdde, ðæt he mihte ðá sehtnesse underfón. And swá he his gást selfne wearp on pleoh.\nSe Deofol ofdyde his grénan cyrtel, and hine geaf ðǽm hyse, and him cwæð, “Gif ðu ðisne cyrtel werigende hand gedést on slífan, ðonne meaht ðu ǽfre on hire fela goldes findan.”\nÐá ofdyde he ðone hýd of ðám báre, and smearcigende cwæð, “Ðes hýd byð ðín hwítel, and éac ðín bedd, on ðám ðu scealt slǽpan, ac nǽfre on óðrum bedde, and ðe forðam man nemneð and cígð Bárhýd.”\nÐá gewát se Deofol fram his díglum hringe.\nBárhýd hine begyrde mid ðám cyrtle, and gedyde ðá his hand on slífan. Lá se fyrnsceaða ne geléah. Se hyse gráp gold. He ondyde ðá se hýd, and éode of ðæs Deofles stówe, ealra wynsumra ðinga to brúcanne. Be ðám ǽrran géare wæs his ansýn genóh gód, ac be ðám æfterran géare wearð he unhýre. Feax gehýdode his fulan ansýne. His beard wæs gelíc brádum felte. He hæfde on handum nítenlica cláwa. Gif man on his ansýne séowe cærsan, ðonne séo weoxe. Swá horig wæs he ðá. Gehwá fléah, ðe hine seah. Ac forðam he gold sealde ðearfum, ðæt hí God beden for his sáwle, and forðam he rúmmódíce gegeald eall ðæt he céapode, forðam he á fand hléo. On ðám féorðan géare, Bárhýd inéode sum hnág cumena-hús, ðæs húsbonda nolde him onfón, and ná sellan lýt rúmes on horserne, ðæt ðá hors ne geforhtoden. Ac ðá Bárhýd his hand eft gedyde on slífan, and atéah him gripan goldes, ðá ðohte se húsbonda to syllenne him bedbúr on lýtlum giesthofe. Bárhýd ðám húsbondan word geaf, ðæt man hine ná gesáwe, lǽs ðæs innes tótalu wurde ungeornlic.\nOn ðǽm ærne hýrde Bárhýd sume héofunge, ðe cóm fram ðám néhstum bedbúre. He openode ðone duru, and he sumne wóplicne ealdan ðǽr geseah. Se ealdan sprang to fótum, and mid fyrhto hynnode, ðá he Bárhýd seah. Ac ðá Bárhýd spræc, ðá gehýrde se ealdan, ðæt he næs blódgrǽdig scucca. Mid éaðméda geáxode Bárhýd æfter ðæs ealdan sorge.\nHe andswarode cweðende, “Mín ágen and yrfe lýtlum and lýtlum wanodon, and forðam mín dohtor ðoliað hungor. Ic eom swá ðearfendlic ðæt ic ne mæg ná feoh ðám innbondan gyldan, and mon me nimð hraðe to hæfte.”\nBárhýd spræc ðám ealdan, “Gif ðæt byð ðín áne earfoðe, ic hæbbe fela féos.” He macode ðæt mon ðone innbondan brang ðider, and him ðæs borges gegeald, and éac ðám ealdan sealde fulne pohhan goldes.\nFréo fram eallum his néode, se ealda éode to bárhýd ful ðancful. He cwæð bárhýde ðæt his dohtru cómon úp eall swilce fægernes geflǣscodu, and him bæd céosan ðára ǽne to wífigenne. Se ealda cwæð, “For ðínum mildan dǽdum, nán mínra dohtra wolde ðe forsacan. Giese, mon ðe syhð lýt fremde, ac mín dohtor ðe ðu céosest sceal ðæt behweorfan.”\nAc ðá Bárhýd and se ealda cóm to his dohtrum, and ðá séo yldre dohtor him geseah, ðá swíðe aforhtode héo, ðæt héo hréop and arn of.\nSéo óðru dohtor ne ofran, ac sægde heora fæder, “Ic sceal forsacan guman ðe næfð ná mannes híw. Gif bár come bescoren and wǽdod swá swá ðegn, mé ðæt mannlic níten swíðor lícige ðonne ðes nítenlic mann.”\nAc séo gingest dohtor wiste be his dǽdum ðæt bárhýd wæs gód wer. Héo cwæð, “Forðam ðes wer healp ðe of ðínum earfoðum, and forðam ðu him on handa selde brýde, ic forðam wille him ceorlian.”\nHéo wæs geháten Wulfwyn, and gif héo mihte ðurh flýse and folde Bárhýdes ansýne lócian, ðá mihte héo wópdropan séon, and éac his glædnesse to hýran hire word.\nHe dyde béag of fingre and hine bréat to twǽm healfum. Áne he hire geaf, ac he him ahéold ðá óðre healfe. He his naman gewrát on Wulfwyne healfe, and hire naman on his. He hí bæd ðæt héo ne lósige hire healfe, and cwæð hire ðæt he scolde ðrý géaras wíde dréogan on worulde. He ðá éode fram Wulfwyne his brýde, and ælcum dæge ðǽræfter héo bæd God his hálse and hámcymes.\nOn Bárhýdes æfweardnesse, Wulfwyne sweostra hire géafon nán ðing bútan bismere. Séo forme sweoster glíwunge cwæð, “Beorg ðe, hwonne ðu him ðíne hand gyfst, ðæt he hí ne ahéawe mid cláwe!”\nSéo óðer swá cwæð, “Ðu scyle aa dón eall swá he lyste, lǽs ðe he ðé gefrete!”\nWulfwyn heora unblíðan word gehýrde, ac ne wearð héo abelgodu.\nBárhýd fór of ánum lande on óðer. He dyde gód to ðæs ðe he miht, and geaf á rúmheortlíce.\nÆt néhstan, ðá ðára seofon géara endedæg cóm, se nítenlic eardstapa éode ongéan to ðám feorran hǽðe, and he sæt under ðæs Deofles béamum. Sóna cóm on weargwinde se wammgifa. Se Deofol belgode, and he Bárhýde eft ageaf his ealdan cyrtel, ðe he hæfde ðá he férde mid fyrde. Se gástbana abæd his selfes grénan cyrtel.\nAc Bárhýd cwæð wordum, “Ne scealt ðu ðágýt hine onfón, forð ðæt ðu mé baðast.”\nHwæðer se Deofel wolde swá dón oððe ná, he feccode wæter and baðode Bárhýd. He cembode féax, cearf næglas. Æfter ðám ðe se Deofol clǽnsode hine, Bárhýd eft ætýwode swá swá beorht wígend, and sóðlíce he wæs wǽnlicor ðonne he ǽr wæs.\nSe Deofol ýrremód wordum spǽtlode cweðende, “Ic fulléode mínne áð, ac nú scealt ðu gán of mínum tréowhringe.”\nÐá Bárhýd hæfde him gán forð, he blissode and sang paternoster. He cýpode geatolica wǽda, and éode to Wulfwyne húse on wægne ðe wæs féower horsum getogen.\nNǽnig him gecnéow, ac se ealda wénde, ðæt he wǽre æðeling, and lǽdde hine to his dohtrum. He wæs geseten betwux ðám twǽm yldestum, ðá him géafon medu and mete, and him sægdon ðæt hí nǽfre gesáwon ná beorhtran wer.\nAc Wulfwyn sæt foran him, and ne onhóf hire éagan, ne spræc nán word.\nÐá Bárhýd síðlíce axode ðone fæder, gif he wolde áne his dohtra gifan Bárhýde to wífigenne, ðá sprungon ðá twá yldestan to fótum and runnon to wǽdigenne hí torhte, forðam ǽlc heora swíðe wolde ðone beorhtan beorn ceorlian.\nSwá hraðe swá ðá twá éode fram ðám borde, Bárhýd féng his healf ðæs hringes, and gedyde hit on borde beforan his brýde.\nÐá cwæð he hire, “Ic eom ðín brýdguma, ðone ðu gesáwe nítenlicne and horigne, ac meotodes miltse ic cóm for ðe, eft clǽne and cembed.”\nBárhýd and Wulfwyn cómon ætgædere, and ǽghwæðer óðerne earme beðehte, cyston hí and clypton. Ðá eftcómon ðá twá sweostor torhte wǽdode, and ðá hí sáwon heora gingestan sweostor on hire mannes earme, ðá runnon hí ðanan, wédenséoca and graman gydiga. Séo forme hí ádrencode ðǽrrihtes on ðám wæterpytte, and séo óðru deofolséoc sweostor hí selfe héng on béam.\nOn ǽfenne, Bárhýd hýrde mann æt ðǽre dura, hine geclipigende. He hí openode. Lá, ðǽr stód se Deofol on grénum kyrtlum cweðende, “Lóc, ic hæbbe nú twégen sáwlas for ðínum ánan!”


ON EIȜTEÞ DAY OF SEYNT ANDREU*. [There is an office for the octave of St. Andrew's Day in the Sarum missal, and from it the writer took the gospel here preached upon. The Roman missal has no office for the day.].\nPostquam autem traditus est Johannes.\n—MARK i. [14.]\nÞIS gospel telliþ, as oþer bifore, of chesing of Cristis Apostlis. And it semeþ þat Crist prechide first whanne Baptist was taken to prisoun. And ȝif Crist prechide privyli bifore Baptist was enprisound, þat was in anoþer manere; for Crist wolde ȝeve Baptiste his time. After þe tyme þat Joon was traied in to þe þrisoun of Eroude cam Jesus in to Galile, prechinge þe gospel of Goddis rewme; and seide, þat tyme is fulfillid, and þe rewme of God shal come. Matheu telliþ how Crist bigan to preche fro þe tyme þat Joon was taken, and toke þe same word for his teme þat Baptist toke whanne he prechide:—Do ȝe pen|aunce, for þe rewme of God shal come. It is knowen of Goddis lawe, how mannis kynde was exilid for synne of our firste fadir þat stood muche in gloterie*. [See note on p. 302.]; and so resoun of God axide þat comyng aȝen of þis rewme shulde be gete bi penaunce contrarie to gloterie. And herfore Crist, oure first fadir in Page 307 spiritual gendrure, tauȝte us for to do penaunce contrarie to Adam's lore; and Baptist, þat was Cristis spouse*. [St. Gregory (Homil. xx.), in commenting on the text, 'He that hath the bride is the bridegroom,' says, 'ac si [Johannes] diceret: ego sponsus non sum, sed amicus sponsi sum.' But our author, possibly from imperfectly remembering the pas|sage, calls John the Baptist the spouse of our Lord, a title of dignity which I cannot find was ever con|ferred upon him by any of the Fa|thers or Doctors of the Church.], tauȝte bifore þe same lessoun. And, for Goddis kingdom is to come, and not wiþouten sich penaunce, ech man þat wole have hevene shulde be aboute to do sich penance. And þus þe cause of Crist is pleyn to men þat wole undirstonde it. And þis forþinking is not ynowȝ, but ȝif trouþe be joyned þerwiþ. And herfore seiþ Markus*. [Markis, E.] Gospel:—Forþenke ȝe and trowe ȝe to þe gospel. Penaunce disposiþ a man to take byleeve over a beest, and þanne bileve ordeyneþ him to be groundid in oþer vertues.\nAnd Jesus wendinge forþer biside þe see of Galile, saw Symount, and Andreu his broþer, castinge her nettis in to þe water; for þes two weren fisheris. And Jesus seide to hem, Come ȝe after me and Y shal make ȝou to be maad fisheris of men; for my Fadir shal make þis. And anoon þei leften þer nettis and sueden him, as his disciplis.\nIt is noo drede Crist movede þes men, bi his Godhede, in þer soule, and disposide hem to religioun fro þe tyme þat he ȝaf hem witt; for siche men wolde Crist have to grounden men in Goddis lawe. But here men douten comunli whi Crist lovede þus fisheris, and hunteris he lovede but litil, as Lameth and Esau. But here shulden we bileve þat Crist acceptiþ noo persones; but after þat he makiþ hem good, he loviþ hem more or lesse. And so fisheris weren betere men, and þerfore Crist lovede hem more. But ȝit stondiþ þe doute moved, whi Crist made not hunteris betere men þan fisheris, siþ it is more gentil craft. Here is no greet questioun; for God mai worche as he wole. But ȝit men seien here, þat fishing is þe porer craft, and more acording to men, and neer þe state of innocence; and þerfore Crist lovede it þe more. Soþeli men hunten in Lenten, and gentil men,—to have þer game, whanne þei have noon oþer Page 308 avauntage, alȝif þer travaile be bisie and muche. But not so comunli falliþ þis in fishing. And fishis ben ner þe elementis, and not so like to mannis fleish; and þerfore men holden an ordre to ete fishe and leve fleish; and þus fishe is neer to mete þat man shulde have in Paradise, and sleying of fishe is ferþer from sleying of men þan is sleying of erþeli beestis, which fleish heweris usen. And God wolde þat man hadde orrour of sleying of his broþer; but now men usen a newe craft*. [a newe craft. This seems to refer to the recent introduction of gunpowder, the invention or the re-discovery of a friar, Roger Bacon, into the art of war.] to slee men comunli, more þan þis craft was usid fro þe tyme þat God was born; and seien, þat preestis shulden usen þis craft betere and more meedefulli þan shulde seculer men, as preestis shulden be lordis over hem. And þis lore is tauȝt bi freris bi myche merit feyned þerto. But what men þei shulden kille, oþer þer breþeren or aliens, þei holden ȝit in þeir purs; alȝif þei prac|tisen on þer breþeren. But þis peple is wyde scaterid,—sum in Engelond, and sum wiþoute. And þes moo freris wiþouten seien þat men shulden moost kille English; and so lesse errour at bigynnynge growiþ to mykil and perilous.\nBut leve we þis doute here, and trete we of þe Chirche dowyng; for bi þis mo men travailen bi symonie. For many, bi þe fendis cast, loven to be hye prelatis, for lordship and richesse, more þan to quykene þe Chirche after þe poverte of Crist. And we supposen, as declarid bi twelve lawis of þe two testamentis, þat preestis and clerkis shulden be pore, as Crist was wiþ hise Apostlis. And in tokene of þis poverte, þes freris ben pore, as þei seien; and ȝit þei passen Scarioth in averice and worldli goodis. And herfore þes blasfemes seien þat beg|ging is medeful, and þat Crist tauȝte hem to begge. And þus þes traitours ben maad riche. Men have proved ofte tymes þat preestis shulden not þus be riche, ne þus be dowid in temporal lordship. Bi men of resoun, or of Goddis half, it is knowun þing ynowȝ þat sum tyme weren preestis pore, and þanne þei shulden, bi Cristis lawe, profite to þe Chirche after þer power; but dowing makiþ hem lesse of power, and þei profiten not more þan þei mai. And so bi þis dowyng þei ben more holden, and Page 309 lesse done. Þat þei ben more holden bi þis dowynge is liȝt to prove bi mannis lawe; for siche a rente or benefice mot axe sum reward aȝen, but no reward is more fittinge þan spiritual office of preestis. And þat dowyng makiþ hem lesse of power mai men shewe bi þis maner. Þei have no more of kyndeli witt þan preestis hadden bifore þe dowynge; and siþ þes wittis ben moche occupied about dowing and worldli þingis, þei have lesse witt to be occupied aboute God and hevenli þingis. And no man of witt haþ drede þat ne þe world and worldli þingis distracten a man fro God and his service in spiritual þingis. And so it semeþ þat prestis moten nede oþer seie þat þei weren ydil bifore þe dowing, or, bi dowing, þei ben more unablid for to serve God, and to profite to his Chirche, and helpe goostli to ony man. And here it semeþ þat þes prestis ben moche*. [om. E.] unholden to seculer lordis bi þe dowyng þat þei have take; for þei ben harmed so myche þerbi. And so folie on boþe partis bringiþ in harm in ech side; for no man doiþ aȝens God, but ȝif he have harm anoon. And it is knowun bi Goddis lawe þat traveile bi Cristis ordenance disposiþ a man to have grace, and to be more loved of Crist. And ȝif preestis lyveden as Crist ordeynede, þei shulden more encrese in vertues, and pro|fite more to hem and to þe Chirche þan þei done reversynge Crist. And no man þat witt haþ wole seie, þat Crist ȝeveþ preestis more grace, for þei ben unkynde to Crist and leven þe ordenance þat he ȝaf hem. And over þis, it is knowen, þat he þat loveþ his God more shulde more profite to Cristis Chirche, and betere love his neiȝbour. But bileve techiþ us þat God biddiþ men to love him of al þer herte, of al þer liif, of al þer mynde, and of al þer strengþe; so þat, after þe ȝiftes of God, a man is holden more to serve him. And so, siþ prestis shulden not be idil, but do good after þeir power, þei shulden profite to þe Chirche bifore dowyng, as þei myȝten. But bi double folie, brouȝt in boþe in clerkes and worldli lordis, prestis ben of lesse power, boþe to serve God and his Chirche. And noo drede God axiþ acountis of þis foltish chaffering.\nBut here þe fend techiþ his clerkis to seke after feyned an|sweris. Page 310 And þei seien, first, þat bi þis dowyng þei ben in quiet and in pees, and so þei serven God betere, as þei bi resoun ben more holden. And þus þei ben holden in scole to lerne philosophris lore, oþer weie þan þei shulden be, ȝif þis dowing wantide hem. Here Cristen men shulden wite þat þe fend medliþ soþfastnes wiþ falshede to bigile þe folk, and turne hem fro Cristis lore. Soþeli men lernen of gentil craft*. [gentil craft appears to mean what we call secular knowledge.] bi occasioun of dowing, but not so muche as done þese beggers; for fadir of lesingis mai more in hem. Cristene men shulde lerne Goddis lawe, and holden hem paied þerof; and in þis mesure, and in þis nombre, and in þis weiȝte, shulden þei lyven here, and abiden lore in hevene þat men shulden have over þis. For þis lore þat Crist tauȝte ys ynowȝ for þis liif. And ȝif men lyven after him, þei shal have lore as þei have nede; and þus þis dowing makiþ lore þat doiþ harm to Cristis Chirche, boþe lore of vanite, and þerto lore of mennis lawis. Crist ȝaf lore, þe which he lovede, þat he wolde teche Cristen men; and oþer lore, and more, over þis, wolde Crist þat were suspendid. But ȝit men replien, and seien, þat bi þis dowyng prestis ben many; and so, in multitude of clerkis, doiþ þis dowing muche profit; for clerkes wolden not be so many but ȝif þis dowyng were here. God techiþ trewe men to graunte þat dowyng and feyned begging makiþ to multiplie prestis more þan God himsilf haþ ordeyned; for God coude ordeyne noo kyn þing, but in mesure, noumbre and weiȝte. God wolde not þat alle weren preestis, ne alle knyȝtis, ne alle laboreris; but of alle þes þree partis, God wolde make his Chirche in mesure. And ȝif þou seist þat men faylen witt to ateyne*. [atteyne, E.] to Goddis noumbre, lyve men wel, and God wole teche how muchel shulde be noumbre of preestis. For defaute of Goddis lawe makiþ defaute in þis noumbre. Lerne men wel Goddis lawe, and it shal teche mesure in þis, if men prechen wel þis lawe, and hiden it not fro þe peple. Wel I rede in Goddis lawe, whanne God wolde have myche travaile in beryng of þe taber|nacle and sacrificis of many beestis, he wolde have, of twelve kynredis, but o kynrede of Levy, to serve his folk for preestis Page 311 and dekenes. And ȝit he wiþdrowȝ many of hem and unablide hem to serve God þus for sykenesse þat he sente hem. And to alle þes preestis and dekenes God lymitide but dymes and offringis. Lord! ȝif Cristene men wolden be paied of þe mesure of Goddis ordenance, and have þe twelfþe part of*. [om. E.] clerkis*. [That is, 'if but a twelfth part of the population, as was the case among the Jews, devoted themselves to the service of the altar.'], and ȝyve her dymes and offringis to hem and hyris*. [heris, E.] to lyve bi, ȝit it were now ynowȝ, siþ Apostlis wiþ lesse goodis profitiden more to Cristis Chirche. And þus wiþdrawe we kyngis clerkis and clerkis þat ben in lordis housis, and algatis þese religious þat ben to charge of Cristis Chirche; and passe we not þanne þe tenþe part, to dowe clerkis over oure God, and he wole teche us, bi riȝt liif, in what noumbre we shulden have clerkis.


Fund drives/2005/Q4 planning/Translations/Fundraising drive letter - ang - Meta\nFund drives/2005/Q4 planning/Translations/Fundraising drive letter - ang\nWittnes is meaht. Help tō healdenne hīe frēo!\nSēo Wicimǣdian Þēodnes and þā tīene þūsenda willgesīðas, þe sellaþ hira tīd and cȳþþe tō his weorcum, gelīefaþ þæt wittnes is meaht and þæt hēo sceolde bēon frēo.\nGifol forðung of lēodum þe sind gelīce þē lǣteþ Wicipǣdia, þæt hē wierþ sēo mǣste wīsdōmbōc in þǣre worulde. Efne ymbe fēawe gēar ungēara, næs wikipedia.org efne hēah 10,000 webbstede; nū is hē in þǣm hīehstan 30 mid mā þonne 2.5 billiona trameta geþegnod in Blōtmōnþe ānum. Lǣs þonne ān healf ānes hundtēontigoþlinges lēoda on þǣm Betwuxnette brucon wikipedia.org on ǣnigum gegifenum dæge æt þisse tīde on þǣm gēare. Nū is sēo rīm gefēowerfealdod and wē wēnaþ gelīcre grōwunge in þǣm foreweardan gēare. Mid þīnes helpes, brūcaþ tīene milliona lēoda mā þone Wiciǣdian and his sweostorweorc in foreweardum gēare.\nTō þegnienne þǣm snellīce grōwendan rǣderescipe, wēox ūser gēaresgield of $15,000 in 2003, ofer $125,000 in 2004, tō ofer $700,000 in þissum gēare. In þǣm foreweardum gēare ābīdaþ sēo Wicimǣdian Þēodnes tō brūcenne milliona tō forþhealdenne mid weaxungum in willan, tō gōdienne ūsere sōftware and þēawas tō fæstnienne gōdre swilcnesse innunge, and tō wyrcenne forþ tō ūserum ende tō þegnienne tō eallum frēo wittnesse. Þæt singþ iergendlīce, ac swā wæs sēo scieppung þǣre worulde mǣstan wīsdōmbōce in lǣs þonne fīf gēarum. Wē cunnon hit dōn mid þīnum helpe.\nWicipǣdia and his sweostorweorc sind on giefum ānum: þā giefa ādihtera þe giefaþ hira tīd and geswinc, and þā giefa þāra giefera þe helpaþ mid gielde. Efne swā fela smalra ādihtunga helpaþ tō būenne innunge, ēac swā ǣlc selen hilpþ tō þegnienne þā innunge. Sēo gemǣne giefu þe wē onfōþ is efenweorþ $20. Ǣlce lyttuccas helpaþ.\nWē gecierraþ tō þē in þisse symbeltīde tō helpenne tō dōnne gelimpan þis. Þurh þīna giefa cunnon wē forþ grōwan and gōdian. Selenna tō þǣre Wicimǣdian Þēodnesse cunnon bēon dōn in þǣm fēo þīnes willan and sind gieldfrēo in þǣm Geānlǣhtum Rīcum. In Þēodisclande and Franclande, sind selenna tō þǣm stōwlicum Wicimǣdian dǣlum (Wikimedia Deutschland, Wikimedia France) ēac gieldfrēo. Þēah þā selenna tō stōwlicum dǣlum ne sīen gebrocen rihte fram þǣre Wicimǣdian Þēodnesse, helpaþ hīe ūs tō rǣcenne ūsere hālan endas.\nNū is sēo tīd tō helpenne tō strangienne þā worulde mid frēore wittnesse.\nWē þanciaþ þē þīnre gifolnesse!\nJimmy Wales, Florence Devouard, Angela Beesley, and sēo lāf þæs Wicimǣdian Tēames.\n$00,000.00 oþ nū (gehende)\nNīwost genīwod æt 19:00 UTC 2005-08-22\nNōt: Þēos gieldsōcn biþ gehealden of Frīdedæge 16 Gēolmōnþes 2005 oþ Frīgedæge 6 Æfterran Gēoles 2006.\nRetrieved from "https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fund_drives/2005/Q4_planning/Translations/Fundraising_drive_letter_-_ang&oldid=318276"\nLast edited on 30 March 2006, at 06:20


160 v fure ne for þe lizhe But vndirstonde wele forwoße . þat þouz al þe hous / in þis world were in o stede a fuyre : hit ne were not so hote . as ys þe Prior lizhe þat y suffre now here . C And also þe priour askid hym zif he trowid ...\nC And zit þe priour askid þe Prior spiryt . gif þat he migt hure65 ) oþer men speke . < And he ansuerid and Spiritus 780 seide zhee . C And þe priour seide to hym . Siþ þat þou hurist þou hast Prior eeris : and þen art þou somme þing ...


The Dream of the Rood - Old English Aerobics\nThe Dream of the Rood is a dream-vision in which the cross tells the story of the crucifixion. Here Christ appears as a young hero-king, confident of victory as he rushes to mount the cross. By contrast, the cross itself (now stained with blood, now encrusted with gems in the manner of a reliquary) feels all the agony of crucifixion, and its physical pain is more than matched by the pain of its being forced to kill its young lord.\nThe text is from the tenth-century Vercelli Book; a portion of it is also carved in runes on an eighth-century stone cross in Ruthwell, Dumfriesshire, but the inscription may be of later date than the cross itself.\nFor the poems of the Vercelli Book, see George Philip Krapp and Elliott Van Kirk Dobbie, ed., The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records (New York, 1931-1953), vol. 2. Both the Vercelli and the Ruthwell texts have been edited separately, with full notes and glossary, by Michael Swanton, The Dream of the Rood, 2nd ed. (Exeter, 1987).\n5 on lyft lǣdan, lēohte bewunden,\nbegoten mid golde; ġimmas stōdon\nfæġere æt foldan scēatum; swylċe þǣr fīfe wǣron\nuppe on þām eaxleġespanne. Behēoldon þǣr enġel Dryhtnes ealle\n10 fæġere þurh forðġesceaft. Ne wæs ðǣr hūru fracodes ġealga,\nac hine þǣr behēoldon hāliġe gāstas,\nmen ofer moldan, ond eall þēos mǣre ġesceaft.\nSylliċ wæs se siġebēam ond iċ synnum fāh,\nforwunded mid wommum. Ġeseah iċ wuldres trēow\n15 wǣdum ġeweorðode, wynnum scīnan,\nġeġyred mid golde; ġimmas hæfdon\nbewriġene weorðlīċe Wealdendes trēow.\nHwæðre iċ þurh þæt gold onġytan meahte\nearmra ǣrġewin, þæt hit ǣrest ongan\n20 swǣtan on þā swīðran healfe. Eall iċ wæs mid sorgum ġedrēfed;\nforht iċ wæs for þǣre fæġran ġesyhðe. Ġeseah iċ þæt fūse bēacen\nbeswyled mid swātes gange, hwīlum mid since ġeġyrwed.\nHwæðre iċ þǣr licgende lange hwīle\n25 behēold hrēowċeariġ Hǣlendes trēow,\noð ðæt iċ ġehȳrde þæt hit hlēoðrode.\nÞæt wæs ġeāra iū (iċ þæt ġȳta ġeman)\nþæt iċ wæs āhēawen holtes on ende,\n30 āstyred of stefne mīnum. Ġenāman mē ðǣr strange fēondas,\nġeworhton him þǣr tō wǣfersȳne, hēton mē heora wergas hebban.\nBǣron mē ðǣr beornas on eaxlum oð ðæt hīe mē on beorg āsetton;\nġefæstnodon mē þǣr fēondas ġenōge. Ġeseah iċ þā Frēan mancynnes\nefstan elne myċle þæt hē mē wolde on ġestīgan.\n35 Þǣr iċ þā ne dorste ofer Dryhtnes word\nbūgan oððe berstan, þā iċ bifian ġeseah\neorðan scēatas. Ealle iċ mihte\nfēondas ġefyllan, hwæðre iċ fæste stōd.\nOnġyrede hine þā ġeong hæleð - þæt wæs God ælmihtiġ,\n40 strang ond stīðmōd. Ġestāh hē on ġealgan hēanne,\nmōdiġ on maniġra ġesyhðe, þā hē wolde mancyn lȳsan.\nBifode iċ þā mē se beorn ymbclypte. Ne dorste iċ hwæðre būgan tō eorðan,\nfeallan tō foldan scēatum, ac iċ sceolde fæste standan.\nRōd wæs iċ ārǣred. Āhōf iċ rīċne Cyning,\nÞurhdrifan hī mē mid deorcan næġlum. On mē syndon þā dolg ġesīene\nopene inwidhlemmas. Ne dorste iċ hira nǣnigum sceððan.\nBysmeredon hīe unc būtū ætgædere. Eall iċ wæs mid blōde bestēmed,\nbegoten of þæs guman sīdan siððan hē hæfde his gāst onsended.\n50 Feala iċ on þām beorge ġebiden hæbbe\n55 wann under wolcnum. Wēop eal ġesceaft,\nSāre iċ wæs mid sorgum ġedrēfed; hnāg iċ hwæðre þām secgum tō handa,\n60 ēaðmōd, elne myċle. Ġenāmon hīe þǣr ælmihtiġne God,\nstandan stēame bedrifenne. Eall iċ wæs mid strǣlum forwundod.\nĀlēdon hīe ðǣr limwēriġne, ġestōdon him æt his līċes hēafdum;\nbehēoldon hīe ðǣr heofenes Dryhten, ond hē hine ðǣr hwīle reste,\n65 mēðe æfter ðām miċlan ġewinne. Ongunnon him þā moldern wyrċan\nbeornas on banan ġesyhðe. Curfon hīe ðæt of beorhtan stāne;\nġesetton hīe ðǣron sigora Wealdend. Ongunnon him þā sorhlēoð galan\nearme on þā ǣfentīde. Þā hīe woldon eft sīðian\n70 Hwæðere wē ðǣr grēotende gōde hwīle\nstōdon on staðole syððan stefn ūp ġewāt\nhilderinca. Hrǣw cōlode\nfæġer feorgbold. Þā ūs man fyllan ongan\nealle tō eorðan. Þæt wæs eġesliċ wyrd!\n75 Bedealf ūs man on dēopan sēaþe; hwæðre mē þǣr Dryhtnes þeġnas,\nġyredon mē golde ond seolfre.\nNū ðū miht ġehȳran, hæleð mīn se lēofa,\nþæt iċ bealuwara weorc ġebiden hæbbe,\n80 sārra sorga. Is nū sǣl cumen\nþæt mē weorðiað wīde ond sīde\nmenn ofer moldan ond eall þēos mǣre ġesceaft,\nġebiddaþ him tō þyssum bēacne. On mē bearn Godes\nþrōwode hwīle; for þan iċ þrymfæst nū\n85 hlīfiġe under heofenum, ond iċ hǣlan mæġ\nǣġhwylċne ānra þāra þe him bið eġesa tō mē.\nIū iċ wæs ġeworden wīta heardost,\nlēodum lāðost, ǣr þan iċ him līfes weġ\nrihtne ġerȳmde reordberendum.\n90 Hwæt, mē þā ġeweorðode wuldres Ealdor\nofer holtwudu, heofonriċes Weard,\nswylċe swā hē his mōdor ēac, Marian sylfe,\nælmihtiġ God for ealle menn\nġeweorðode ofer eall wīfa cynn.\n95 Nū iċ þē hāte, hæleð mīn se lēofa,\nþæt ðū þās ġesyhðe secge mannum,\nonwrēoh wordum þæt hit is wuldres bēam\nse ðe ælmihtiġ God on þrōwode\n100 ond Adomes ealdġewyrhtum.\nDēað hē þǣr byriġde; hwæðere eft Dryhten ārās\nmid his miċlan mihte mannum tō helpe.\nHē ðā on heofenas āstāg, hider eft fundaþ\non þysne middanġeard mancynn sēċan\n105 on dōmdæġe Dryhten sylfa,\nælmihtiġ God ond his enġlas mid,\nþæt hē þonne wile dēman, se āh dōmes ġeweald,\nānra ġehwylcum swā hē him ǣrur hēr\non þyssum lǣnum līfe ġeearnaþ.\n110 Ne mæġ þǣr ǣniġ unforht wesan\nFrīneð hē for þǣre mæniġe hwǣr se man sīe,\nbiteres onbyriġan, swā hē ǣr on ðām bēame dyde.\n115 Ac hīe þonne forhtiað, ond fēa þenċaþ\nhwæt hīe tō Criste cweðan onġinnen.\nNe þearf ðǣr þonne ǣniġ anforht wesan\nþe him ǣr in brēostum bereð bēacna sēlest,\nac ðurh ðā rōde sceal rīċe ġesēċan\n120 of eorðweġe ǣġhwylċ sāwl\nsēo þe mid Wealdende wunian þenċeð.\nĠebæd iċ mē þā tō þan bēame blīðe mōde,\nelne myċle, þǣr iċ āna wæs\nmǣte werede. Wæs mōdsefa\n125 āfȳsed on forðweġe; feala ealra ġebād\nþæt iċ þone siġebēam sēċan mōte\n130 myċel on mōde, ond mīn mundbyrd is\nġeriht tō þǣre rōde. Nāh iċ rīċra feala\nġewiton of worulde drēamum, sōhton him wuldres Cyning,\n135 wuniaþ on wuldre, ond iċ wēne mē\ndaga ġehwylċe hwænne mē Dryhtnes rōd\nþe iċ hēr on eorðan ǣr scēawode\non þysson lǣnan līfe ġefetiġe\nond mē þonne ġebringe þǣr is blis myċel,\n140 drēam on heofonum, þǣr is Dryhtnes folc\nġeseted tō symle, þǣr is singal blis,\nond mē þonne āsette þǣr iċ syþþan mōt\n145 se ðe hēr on eorþan ǣr þrōwode\non þām ġealgtrēowe for guman synnum.\nHē ūs onlȳsde ond ūs līf forġeaf\nheofonlicne hām. Hiht wæs ġenīwad\nmid blēdum ond mid blisse þām þe þǣr bryne þolodan.\n150 Se Sunu wæs sigorfæst on þām sīðfate,\nmihtiġ ond spēdiġ þā hē mid maniġeo cōm,\ngāsta weorode, on Godes rīċe,\nAnwealda ælmihtiġ, enġlum tō blisse\nond eallum ðām hālgum þām þe on heofonum ǣr\n155 wunedon on wuldre þā heora Wealdend cwōm,\nælmihtiġ God, þǣr his ēðel wæs.


Heafodstol - Wikipǣdia, sēo frēo wīsdōmbōc\n(Edlǣded of Hēafodburg)\nÞæt middel Recwices, þe is Eslandes heafodstol\nOn steormæle is heafodstol (eac heafodburg and heafodburh hatte) seo heafodlice burg oþþe tun gesibb hire wealde. Heo is nean a seo burg þe lichamlice befehþ þæt setlærn and þæt gemotærn þæs setles wealdes and is geseted be lage.\nÞa setlu wealdes on mægenum underriciscum domum sind gewunelice heafodstolas gehaten, ac æfter læssum wealdendum underdælum, word swelce fylces tun, fylces setl, oþþe byrig setl sind eac gebrocen.\nÞær sind maniga gelimpunga þær ricu oþþe oðre anstandendas habbaþ manige heafodstolas. On Suþaffrican, to bȳsne, se wealdenda heafodstol is Pretoria, se lagsettenda heafodstol is Næsstun, and se demenda heafodstol is Blotsmanwelle, þe is þæt gelimp þæs gesemes þætte gesciepede þæt Suþaffrican Gæd on 1910.\nIn oðerum landum, se "wyrcenda" and "geseteda" heafodstol mæg wesan gesundrod for wyrcendlicum intingum, wrycende gelimpunge þære þe burg is gecuþ to "þæm heafodstole" þe nis soþlice healdend þæs setles wealdes:\nYamoussoukro wæs geseted to riciscum heafodstole of Elpendbanriman in 1983, ac æfter 2004 wæs þæt greatoste dæl wealdes setlærna and ærendstaðola giet licgende in Abidjane\nSucre is giet se gesetednesslica heafodstol Bolifie, ac þæt mæste dæl þæs riciscan wealdes hæfþ lang forlæten þone landscipe for La Paz\nAmsterdam is se nemneda ricisca heafodstol þara Niðerlanda þeah þæt Niðerlendisce weald, heafod rices and hiera Hiehsta Domærn sitteþ on þæm Eorles Hæge.\nOn swelcum gelimpungum is seo burg þe hielt þone wealdenda heafodsto gewunelic understanden wesan se "ricisca heafodsto" ongemang elemanna. To bȳsne, Santiago is understanden wesan se heafodstol of Cilan þeah hire Gemot is in Falparegse.\nTo heafodlicum stede wealdes þæs landscipes oþþe rices, se heafodstol gecyndelice atihteþ þa steormællice geanmetedum and him þara cræftas sind þorftene to welwyrcendum wealde swelce æswutolas, tidingwriteras, and folclices rædes cneordlæcendas. Ieldre heafodstolas habbaþ eac oft growen on fornytte steormællice, lifwisisce, oþþe andgietfule stolas. Swelc is huru seo gelimpung Parises on Franclande and Buenos Airese Argentinan ongemang riciscra heafodstola, and Irkutskes oþþe Saltlagburge on Uta on heora landscipum. Naþȳslæs swelc halgung mæg wesan wiðerwinnende. Seo settung of Brasilie in Brasiles inlande wæs gedon be dæl to eowienne þæs gewealdes gesundrodnesse fram þæm crodenan and gewemedan ealdan heafodstole Rio de Janeiro. Þæt geweald Suþcorean gehet on 2004 þæt hit wege his heafodstol fram Seoule to Geongi-Gongtscu — þeah þe þæt word "Seoul" self mænþ "heafodstol" in þære Coreiscan spræce.\nSeo gæderung wealdlices and feohhweorfunglices oþþe lifweglices domes nis nanum wisum woruldwide. Þeawlice heafodstolas magon feohhweorfunglice aþeostrian fram bifylclicum ofersteallum, swa swa hit gelamp mid Thebane, þe aþeostrode fram Alexandrie, Nantscing fram Scanghai, oþþe Edinburg fram Glasgowe. Þæt geafeall cynecynnes oþþe lifweges cuðe eacswa wyrcean þone deaþ his heafodstoles, swa swa hit gelamp be Bablonie and Cahocie. Æac wæron manige niwlice heafodstolas, swelce Abuja and Ottawa, rædlice geseted onweg fram feohhweorfunglicum stowum and nabbaþ giet weaxen greate to niwum feohhweorfunglicum burgum.\nHeafodstolas swa tacnu[adiht | adiht fruman]\nAndefen þæra eacnunge niwlicra caserrica and geþeodrica, heafodstolas habbaþ worden tacn for heora ricum heora gewealdu,, and gesetede be gewealdlicum andgiete. Ungelice midealdum ceastrum, þe wæron geset æghwær wealda heold his gemot, is seo ceosung, edsettung, staðoling, oþþe se onfeng niwlices heafodstokes carful gelimpung. To bȳsne:\nForworht and neahlice unwunod Athenas wæs andwended on heafodstol niwan anstandendes Creclandes for þæm hopan to acwicienne þone þrym geara;\nPetrus I Russena Casere beweged his weald to Sanctes Petres Byrig to giefenne þæm Russiscan Caserrice Uesterna gelicnessa, þa hwile þe Kemal Atatürk dyde gelice þære eastweardan wegunge to Ancyre, onweg fram Oþomaniscre Constantinopolis;\nSeo ceosung oþþe staðolung "unsidre" burge, burg unbehlæst mid landscipiscum oþþe steormællicum andwlitan, apeliende þa annesse niwes rices, swa swa Madrid on Spenum, Ottawa in Canadan, and Canberra in Australie onmang oðrum;\nUnder þære Americaniscan Ingefeohte, formicel feoh wæs gebrocen to werienne Hwæscingatun fram þære Geþoftedum Ricum American infare þeah þe þæt lytele geþoftscipes geweard moste mann swa gedon bemetendlice and eaðe on þære ielde linroda and þæs feorwriteres.\nGetala heafodburga[adiht | adiht fruman]\nGetæl riciscra heafodstola:\næfter landum (eac mid þære mæstan burge)\næfter worulddælum and landum\nGetæl stærlicra riciscra heafodstola\nGetæl heafodstola underriciscra anstandenda\nGetæl rica mid manugum heafodstolum\nFram "https://ang.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heafodstol&oldid=198745" begeten\nMan niwanost wende þisne tramet on þære 22:58 tide þæs 13 Haligmonað 2020.


Expense of Lord Charhill Visual Page Builder | STEM METS RESOURES LTD\nExpense of Lord Charhill Visual Page Builder\nHome > Latest News > Expense of Lord Charhill Visual Page Builder\nNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi uNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi u\nNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi uNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi uNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi uNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi uNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi u\nNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi uNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi uNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi uNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi uNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi uNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi uNcididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nos-trud exerat citation ullamco laboris nisi u


Hæmus - Wikipǣdia, sēo frēo wīsdōmbōc\nHæmus þā beorgas oferƿrēogaþ in Illyrices ēastdæle. Þes hlāƿhēap rynþ 350 mīla of Vrashka Chuka þæm beorge on þære landgemearce betƿuh Pulgarum beƿesten and Serbum beēasten þurh Pulgaralandes middeldæle to Æmonnæsse on Euxines sǣrīme. His hēastan dūnas sindon in Middelpulgaralande. Se hēasta topp is Botev, se stent æt 7,792 fōtum ofer þæm brīme.\nOf Kom Beorge ūt in Pulgaralandes ƿestdæle\nIn þissum beorgum is micel fæger and gefrǣge blōmacynn and dēorcynn. Eþelhƿīt blōƿeþ hēr in Kozyata stena þæm lande. Hēalic land sind in þæm Middelhæmus Þēodiscan Edisce mid hid stēopum hliþum, Illyrices hēastan ƿæterfeal and rīc ƿyrtcynn. Europan micel dēor oneardiaþ þissum dūnas; her sind beran, ƿulfas, bāras, chamois and heortas.\nIn geardagum hataþ þā beorgas on Crēacum Αἷμος þærof ƿrāt Rōmƿare Haemus Mons on Lædne. In þære Pulgariscan gereorde and on Serbisce secgþ man Стара планина (Stara planina) se menþ, "Se Ealda Beorg".\nLeorneras ne ƿitaþ hƿærof cymþ sƿylc nama 'Hæmus'. Hie hycgað þe he mōtan of Crēacna ƿorde αἷμα bēon (se is 'blōd') oððe of ƿorde þæs Traciscan gereorde þone naman ƿit ac hie hycgaþ *saimon, menþ 'beorghēap'.\nFolclār þāra Ealdcrēac secgþ þe Zeus hiere deofolgield feaht Typhon dūnes æghlæc, and Zeus derode Typhon mid þunre þe Typhones blōd feall on þæm dūnlande and for þissum þinge habbaþ þās hlāƿas þone naman Αἷμος, se is 'blōd'.\nRhodope, Rila and Pirin ðā hlāƿas\nGemyndstān on Shipka\nHæmus on Serbum\nRay Botl on þǣm Middelhæmus mid Raysko Praskalo ƿæterfeal\nIskar sēo ēa iernð ðurh dūnum in hracum dene\nKozya Stena Edisc\n↑ "Gods and Heroes of the Greeks: The Library of Apollodorus"\nFram "https://ang.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hæmus&oldid=192852" begeten\nLast edited on 16 Þrimilcemonað 2018, at 21:51\nMan niwanost wende þisne tramet on þære 21:51 tide þæs 16 Þrimilcemonað 2018.


Mandeville's travels : the Egerton versionMandevill, John, Sir, British Library. Manuscript. Egerton 1982.\nWarner, George F. (George Frederic), Sir, 1845-1936.Table of contents | Add to bookbag\nPage 81CHAPTER XVIII\n[Of the customs of yles abouten Ynde; of the difference betwix ydoles and simulacres; of iii. maner growynges of peper vpon o tree; of the welle that chaungethe his odour euery hour of the day, and that is meruaylle.]\nIN Inde er many diuerse cuntreez; and it es called Inde by cause of a water þat rynnez thurgh þat\nland, þe whilk men callez Inde. In þat water men fyndez elez of xxx. fote lang. And folk þat\ndwellez nere þat water er ill coloured, ȝalow and grene. In Inde er ma þan vm iles þat men dwellez\nin, gude and grete, withouten oþer þat men dwellez noȝt in. And in ilke ane of þase iles er many citez and\ntounes and mykill folk. For men of Inde er of þat condicioun þat þai passe noȝt comounly oute of þaire awen\nland, for þai dwell vnder a planett þat es called Saturnus. And þat planet makes his turne by þe twelfe signes\nin xxx. ȝere; and þe mone, þe whilk es oure planet, passez by þe xii. signes in a moneth. And for Saturnus es [folio 68] of so late mouyng, þerfore men þat dwellez vnder him and in þat climate hase na gude will to be mykill stirrand\naboute, bot for to dwell still in þaire awen land and to couaite nan oþer. Bot in oure cuntree es euen þe\ncontrary. For we er in a clymate þe whilke es vnder þe gouernaunce of þe moone, þat es a planet of light\nmouyng; and it es þe planet of way. And þerfore it giffez vs will to be mykill stirrand aboute and to ga in to\ndiuerse cuntrez of þe werld; for it passez aboute þe world mare lightly þan anoþer planet.\nAlso men gase thurgh Inde by many cuntreez vnto þe grete see Occean; and þan þai fynd þe ile of Chermes,\nwhider marchandes of Venice, of Geen and of many oþer cuntreez commez to bye marchandysez. Bot it es so\nhate þare in þat ile þat men ballokes hyngez doune to þaire schankes for þe grete violence of hete, þat dissoluez\nþaire bodys. And men of þat cuntree þat kennez þe manere byndez þam vp and vsez certayne oynementz calde\nand restrictiue to hald þam vpp, or elles myȝt þai noȝt liffe. In þis land and in Ethiopy and many oþer cuntrez\nmen and wymmen gase comounly to waters and lays þam in þam all naked fra vndrun of þe day to it be passedPage 82\nnone, for þe grete hete of þe sonne; and þai ligg all vnder þe water bot þe heued. And wymmen þare schamez\nnoȝt þof men see þam naked. And þare may a man see mykill dishonestee.\n1. [many foule figure assembled, and namely nygh the gode townes, C.] In þis ile er schippes made\nwithouten nayles or bandes of yrne; and þat es by cause of roches of adamaundez þat er in þe see, whilk wald [folio 68b] drawe schippes to þam. And þare es so grete plentee of þase rochez in þase parties þat, if any schippes passed\nþer away in þe whilk ware any maner of yrne, þai schuld be drawen [supplied by ed.] to þe rochez by þe vertu of þe adamaund,\nso þat þai schuld eschape on na wyse.\nFra þis ile men wendez by see to þe ile of Cana, whare es grete plentee of wyne and of corne. It was sum\ntyme a grete ile, and a gude hauen þerin; bot it es destruyd by þe see for þe mare party. Þe kyng of þat ile\nwas sum tyme so grete and so myghty þat he faght with grete Alexander. Folk of þat ile hase diuerse lawes;\nfor sum wirschepez þe sonne in steed of Godd, sum þe fire, sum nedders, sum treessez, sum þe first thing þat þai\nmete at morne, sum wirschepez simulacres, sum ydoles. Betwene simulacres and ydoles es a grete difference.\nFor simulacres er ymages made to þe liknes of sum thing þat es kyndely; and ydoles er ymagez made to þe\nliknes of what thing a man will þat es noȝt kyndely. For amanges all maner of bestes ȝe schall fynd nane þat\nhase three heueds, ane of a man, anoþer of a hors, anoþer of ane ox or of sum oþer beste, as þai make þaire\nydoles. And ȝe schall vnderstand þat þai þat wirschepes simulacres wirschepes þam for sum worthy men, þat\nware sum tyme doghty men in armes, as Hercules, Achilles and swilk oþer, whilk didd many meruailes in þaire [folio 69] tymes. For þai say þai wate wele þai er noȝt Godd of kynde, þat made all thing, bot þai er riȝt wele with Godd\nfor meruailes þat þai didd. And so say þai of þe sonne; for it chaungez oft þe tymes of þe ȝere and giffez hete\nto nurisch all thinges of þe erthe. And, for it es of so grete profit, þai say þai wate wele þat it es wele with\nGodd and þat Godd lufes it mare þan any oþer thing; and þerfore þai wirschepe it. And þe same þai say of oþer\nplanets and of þe fyre, by cause of þe grete profit þat commes of þam. And of ydoles þai say þat þe ox es þe\nhalyest beste þat es in erthe and maste profitable, for he duse mykill gude and nane ill. And þai wate wele, þai\nsay, þat may noȝt be withouten speciale grace of Godd; and þerfore þai make þaire godd half man and half ox,\nfor man es þe fairest and þe best creature þat Godd made and þe ox þe halyest. Þai do wirschepe also to\nnedders and oþer bestez whilk þai mete first at morne, and namely to þase bestez þat er gude and happy to mete,Page 83\nafter whaym þai spede wele all þe day efter, whilk þai hafe proued of lang tyme. And þerfore þai say þis gude\nmetyng commez of Godd; and þerfore hafe þai gert make ymagez lyke to þase in þaire houses, þat þai may\nwirschepe þam before þai mete with any oþer thinges.\n1. [The passage following in the French text, down to "esperance en nostre Seignur," omitted here, is translated in C (see [commentary]).] In þis ile of Cana er many wylde bestez, as lyouns,\nleoperds, beres and swilk oþer.\n2. [lyouns and many oþer wylde bestes, C.] And þare er ratouns als grete as hundes er here; and þai take þam with grete\nmastyfes, for cattes er to smale to take þam. In þis cuntree and in many oþer, when men er deed, þai graue\nþam noȝt; for þer es so grete hete þat alssone þe flessh es consumed euen to þe bane.\n[folio 69b] Fra þeine men commez to a citee þat es called Sarchie, and it es a faire citee and a gude. And þare\ndwellez many gude Cristen men of gude beleue; and þare er many men of religioun, and namely of freres.\n3. [mendyuantes, C.] Fra\nþeine men gase to þe land of Lombe by see. In þat land growez peper in a forest, whilk es called Combar; and\nit growez in na place of þe werld bot anely in þat forest. Þat forest es xxiiii. iournez on lenth. And þare er twa\ngude citez, of þe whilk þe tane hat Flabryne and þe toþer Ȝinglauns; and in bathe þir citez dwellez Cristen men\nand Iews in grete noumer, for þe cuntree es right plentifous and gude. Bot it es riȝt hate, and þerfore þer es\ngrete haboundance of diuerse nedders and wormes. And ȝe schall vnderstand þat pepre growez in maner of\nwilde wynes be syde þe treesse of þe forest, for to be suppoweld by þam. Þe fruyt þeroff hinges in grete\nclustres in maner of bobbes of grapes\n4. [in manere as reysynges, C.]; and þai hing so thikk þat, bot if þai ware suppoweld by oþer treesse, þai\nmyght noȝt bere þaire fruyt. Qwhen þe fruyt es rype, it es all grene lyke þe berys of wodbind\n5. [as it were iuy beryes, C.]; and þan þai\ngader þe fruyt and driez it at þe sonne and seyne layez it apon a flure\n6. [owven, C.] til it becom blakk and runklid. And so\nþai hafe þare three maners of peper growand on a tree, þat es to say lang peper rype of þe awen kynde, whyte\npeper noȝt brynt ne birstlid with fyre ne with hete of þe sonne, and blak peper dried with hete of þe fyre or of\nþe sonne. Lang peper call þai Spotyn,\n7. [sorbotyn, C.] blakk Fulphul,\n8. [fulfull, C.] and whyte Bonoile.\n9. [bano, C.] First commez oute þe lang peper,\nwhen þe lefez begynnez to spring; and it es lyke vnto þe floure of þe hesill,\n10. [chattes of hasell, C.] [f.70] þat springes oute before þe lefes.Page 84\nÞan commez oute white peper with þe lefes in grete clustres, as\n1. [at, MS] it ware grene grapes; þe whilk, when it es\ngaderd, es whyte, and it es sum what lesse þan blakk peper. Seyne springes oute blak peper in grete\nhaboundaunce. Of þe white peper sell þai bot lytill til oþer cuntrez or elles noȝt, bot kepez it till þaire awen\nvse; for it es better and mare profitable and of mare attemperee wirkyng þan þe oþer, and langer will be [supplied by ed.] kepid\nin his vertu. And ȝe\n2. [And ȝe … fresch and new, not in French text or in C.] sall vnderstand þat, ay þe heuer peper es, þe better it es and þe newere. Neuerþeles it\nfallez oft tyme þat marchands sophisticatez peper, when it es alde, as Ysidoris tellez. For þai take alde peper\nand stepez it and strewez apon it spume of siluer or of leed and driez it agayne, and so by cause of þe weight it\nsemes fresch and new. And þai hafe of nane of þir three maners of peper so grete haboundaunce as of þe blakk.\nIn þat cuntree, as I said before, er many diuerse maners of nedders and of oþer wormes by cause of þe grete\nhete of þe cuntree and also of þe peper. And sum men saise þat a certayne tyme of þe ȝere, when þai ga for to\ngader þis peper, þai make fyres here and þare, for to brynne þe nedders or elles make þam to flee þeine. Bot,\nsaue þaire grace, it es noȝt so. For, if þai þus made fires aboute þe peper, þai schuld brynne þe peper and þe\ntreess þat it growez on, or elles drie þam so þat þai schuld na mare bere fruyt; and þat es noȝt trew. Bot þai [folio 70b] enoynt þaire hend and þaire fete and oþer placez of þaire bodys with ane oynement made of þe iuys of a fruyte þat\nþai call lymons\n3. [þei enoynten here hondes and here feet [with a juice] mad of snayles, C. A confusion between "limons" and "limaçons."] menged with oþer certayne thinges, and þan þai ga baldely for to gader þe peper. And þe\nnedders and venymmous wormes, when þai fele þe reflaire of þe oynement, fleez away; and on þis wyse in sothefastnes get þai þe peper.\nAt þe heued of þis ilk forest es þe citee of Polombe; and besyde þat citee es a mountayne, wharoff þe citee\ntakez þe name, for men callez þe mountayne Polombe. And at þe fote of þis mountayne es a well, noble and\nfaire; and þe water þeroff has a swete sauour and reflaire, as it ware of diuerse maner of spicery. And ilke\nhoure of þe day þe water chaungez diuersely his sauour and his smell. And, wha so drinkes fastand thryes of þat\nwell, he sall be hale of what maner of malady þat he hase. And forþi þe þat wonnez nere þat well drynkez þeroff\nþe ofter, and þerfore þai hafe neuermare sekeness, bot euermare þai seme ȝung. I, Iohn Maundeuill, sawe þis\nwell and drank þeroff thrys and all my felawes, and euermare sen þat tyme I fele me þe better and þe haler and\nsupposez for to do till þe tyme þat Godd of his grace will make me to passe oute of þis dedly lyf.\n4. [I haue dronken þere of iii. or iiii. sithes, and ȝit me thinketh I fare the better, C.] Sum men\ncallez þat well Fons iuuentutis,\n5. [welle of ȝouthe, C.] þat es for to say, þe well of ȝowthehede; for þai þat drinkez þeroff semez all\nway ȝung. And þai say þis well commez fra Paradys terrestre, for it es so vertuous. Thurgh oute all þis\ncuntree þer growes þe best gynger þat es ower whare; and marchaunds commez þider fra ferre cuntreez\nfor to bye it.\nPage 85 [folio 71] And in þis\n1. [An þis, MS.] cuntree þe folk þeroff wirschepez þe ox, in steed of Godd, for þe sympilnes and þe gudeness þat\ncommez of him. And þai say þare þat þe ox es þe halyest best of þe werld and many vertuz has in him; for\nsex ȝere or seuen þe ox will drawe in þe plugh and helpe to labour for mannes sustynaunce, and efter þat men\nmay ete him. Þe king of þat land hase euermare ane ox with him, whare so euer he be, and honoures it as his\ngodd. And he þat kepez þis ox gaders þe dung of him in a vessell of gold and þe vryne in anoþer; and all þat\neuer he gaders on þe nyght on þe morue he beres to þaire prelate, whilk es called Archiprothopapaton, and he\nberez it to þe kyng and makes þar ower many blissings. And þan þe kyng puttez his handes in þe vryne of þe\nox, þe whilk þai call gaul, and þerwith he rubbez his frunt and his breste. And þan with grete reuerence he takez\nof þe dung and rubbez it on his visage and his breste, as he did with þe vryn, in þat entent þat he be fulfilled\nwith þe vertu of þe haly ox and þat he be blissed with þat haly thing. And after þe kyng oþer lordes and princez\ndose on þe same maner; and efter þaim seruandes and oþer men, ilk ane in þaire degree, als lang as oght\nlastez þeroff. In þat cuntree þaire ydoles, þat es þaire fals goddes, hase half schappe of man and half of ane ox;\nand in þase ydoles þe fende spekez to þam and giffes answere of what so þai ask. Before þise fals goddes þai\nsla þaire childer many tymes in steed of sacrifice, and takes þaire blude aud sprenklez it apon þaire mawmets, [folio 71b] and þus þai make þaire sacrifice to þam. And, when any man dies in þat land, þai brynne his body, for þat he\nsuld suffer na payne, when he es in his graue, thurgh etyng of wormes. And, if he hafe na childer, þai brynne\nhis wyf with him. For þai say þat it es resoun þat scho bere him cumpany in þe toþer werld as scho did here in\nþis werld. And, if scho hafe childer, þai late hir liffe for to bring þam vp, if scho will. And, if it be swa þat\nscho chese rather to liffe with hir childer þan to be brynned with hir housband, þan sall scho be arettid vntrew\n2. [men holden hire for fals and cursed, C.] and scho sall neuer be praised, ne na man sall efter þat tyme trist on hir. And, if þe wyf dye\nbefore hir husband, he schall noȝt be brynt with hir agayne his will; bot, if him list, he may take him anoþer\nwyf. In þat cuntree also growez gude wynes; and þare sall þe wymmen drinke wyne, and noȝt þe men. And\nwymmen schafez þer beerdes, and noȝt men.