Q=9	C=6	SS=0	LS=3	PS=0	DC=0	LC=1	SD=0	BS=4	G0=207	G1=182	G2=111	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Taghmist n Tiddukla - Utt'un 16\n(ddur't n 17 Dujember' gher 23 Dujember' 2005)\nZik neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad yissin tira-s\nAss-a neqqar win yebghan tamazight, ad tt-yaru\nMbeâd ma tghab ugar n sin yiseggasen, taghmist-nnegh tughal-d. At'as aya seg wasmi ara nettxemmim ad tt-id-nerr, d acu kan, d ayen akk-n ay d agh-yeddjan ad tt-neddj ay d agh-yekksen ad tt-id-nerr. Yugh lh'al, ass-a mazal xuss'en yighallen iqeddcen ghef tmazight, yernu ayen akk-n umi nekker, qlilit medden ay d iâerd'en ad xedmen am wayenni negh stufan-as. Asmi ay d-nesnulfa taghmist-agi, nella nesâa tikta igerrzen, isirmen d imeqranen. Nella nebgha ad d-neg ttawil n usiwed' i yes ara d-nessawad' isallen i Yimazighen s tmazight, d isallen imeânen yernu werdjin slin yis-sen. Nella nebgha ad tili teghmist-nnegh d tin ara yawd'en gher wat'as n Yimazighen, di ddunit merr'a, s ttawil n internet, yernu d tin ara ten-id-yessefqaden yal ddur't. Nella nebgha ad tt-nerr d aghmis amazigh amezwaru s ttawil n internet ara izerâen tamazight, ad asen-yettak i wid ih'emmlen ad ghren tutlayt-nsen ayen ara ghren, yernu ad asen-yeg ifadden i wakken ad qqaren tamazight u ad ttemyarun s tutlayt-nsen deg uz'edd'a agraghlan. Deg wussan-nni i deg nella nqeddec ghef teghmist-agi, nger tamawt dakken tighri-nnegh terra-d ss'da, yernu llan at'as n wigad ay d-yukin d wid yebdan ttxemmimen ghef temsalt n useqdec n tmazight wagar-anegh deg uz'edd'a. D acu kan, tewwed'-d tallit i deg takemmict-nni n medden ay yellan la qeddcen ghef Tebrat n Yimedyazen ur tessawed' ara ad tkemmel, acku yal yiwen deg-negh yelha-d d lecghal-is, dgha d ayen ay d agh-yessawd'en ad tt-neddj, xas akken, Tabrat-nnegh tessawed' ad d-tejmeâ tarbaât n wid ay tt-ih'emmlen yernu ttr'ajun-tt ad ten-id-tawed' yal ddur't. Tikkelt-agi, mi akka ay d agh-d-ts'ah' tegnit ad nesâu adeg n internet, nenna-yas dakken d ayen igerrzen ma yella tughal-d teghmist-nnegh, ad tughal ad d-tteffegh yal ddur't deg udeg-nnegh, u ad tili d nettat ara s-yettaken rr'uh', imi yal ddur't ad d-nettawi deg-s awal ghef tghawsa tamaynut. Yessefk kan ad d-nâeyyen dakken Tabrat n Yimedyazen d taghmist yemmuzzgen (spécialisée), meh'sub terza kan yiwen wennar, d win n tutlayin d yidelsan yettwaggzen (menacés) d yimenghi n yegduden di ddunit merr'a i wakken ad d-ssukksen (ad d-smenâen) tigemmi-nsen (patrimoine) d tmagiyin-nsen (identités) tidelsanin. D iswan-nni (buts) ay nesâa zik-nni ay d-mazal nebgha ad ten-nawed' ass-a s Tebrat n Yimedyazen. Nebgha ad nefk i Yimazighen ayen ara ghren u ad yili yemâen, ad asen-d-yesselmed tighawsiwin inefâen, yernu ad ten-yeddj ad d-ldin allen-nsen ghef ddunit u ad muqlen akk ayen yellan deg-s, s ccbah'a-s, s tand'a-yines (diversité) d wayen yellan diri-t deg-s, u nebgha digh ad d-nessuffegh tutlayt-nnegh seg ujeghlal-nni i deg tt-h'ebsen kra, imi tamazight ur tettwaxdem ara kan i wakken ad d-nemmeslay yis-s ghef wayen yellan d aqbur, wanag nezmer ass-a, ad tt-nesseqdec i wakken ad d-nemmeslay yis-s ghef wat'as tghawsiwin nnid'en di ddunit. Nebgha ad nesâeddi izen (message) i medden, u ad asen-nini dakken llan yegduden nnid'en ay yennughen, ara yettnaghen i lmend n weh'raz d wesnerni n tutlayin d tmagiyin-nsen, yernu nezmer ad neddem amedya (exemple) fell-asen, ad d-nelmed fell-asen at'as n lumur', maca ayen ay nebgha daghen ad t-z'ren waytmaten-nnegh ay gh-yeqqaren netta dakken maci di lbat'el ay nefren tamazight, tutlayt-nnegh, i wakken ad asen-nemmeslay ghef yisental (thèmes) ur nugh ara tanumi nettaru fell-asen s tmazight, wanag nebgha ad asen-nekkes akukru u ad asen-neg ifadden i wakken ad ttmeslayen s tutlayt-nsen anda ma ddan akk d Yimazighen yessawalen tamazight, u ad ttemyarun yis-s, acku wid iqedcen i wakken ad sqeâden tira n tmazight, ur gin ara aya di lbat'el, yernu lemmer ad neddj ayen akken gan ad yerku deg yedlisen u ad yer'ju ledjyal ara d-yettenkaren, aya maci d ayen yessefr'ah'en. Tamazight terza-yagh akk yernu maci ala i ledjyal ara d-yettnulfun ay tella. Yessefk ghef yal yiwen deg-negh ay yeghran, ay ifehmen, ay yettmeslayen tamazight, ad igher u ad yaru s tutlayt-is mi ara yemselghu (communiquer) akk d yimazighwalen (amazighophones) nnid'en. Tamazight ur telli d aberrih' n tikliwin wala d taceqquft n usalay (pièce de musée), wanag ma yella numen s tidet dakken tamazight d tilawt (une réalité), yessefk fell-anegh ad nezwir d nekni ad tt-nettaru, ad tt-nerr d tuns'ibt deg yexxamen-nnegh u gar-anegh d yimeddukal-nnegh, i wakken yiwwas, ma yella tughal d tuns'ibt di tmura-nnegh, ad as-nini dakken amkan-agi tuklal-it s tidet, yernu maci bat'el ay tt-id-newwi. Ma yella d tidet tella tmazight deg wul, yessefk ad tili deg yiles u ad tili deg ufus (di tira).\nMass Omar MOUFFOK\nTamsalt n tutlayt di Cameroun\nSghur George Echu\n[Aqeddem : Cameroun d yiwet si tmura n Tefriqt tagherbit, yernu am nettat am tmura nnid'en n tama-ya, tesâa at'as n yegduden d wat'as n tutlayin. Cameroun d yiwet si tmura n Tefriqt i deg ttwahdar'ent at'as n tutlayin (uga n 200), maca d ayen yessewhamen ma nenna-d dakken ar ass-a, ula d yiwet si tutlayin tifriqiyin n Cameroun ur tughal d tutlayt taghelnawt. Anabad' (lh'ukuma) n Cameroun yesteâr'if kan s tefr'ensist d teglizit (imi tamurt-agi tettusteâmer' sghur Legliz d Fr'ansa), d nitenti umi tefka azal, xas ma yella yettili-d digh umennigh ger n snat-agi n tutlayin di tmurt-a. Maca, xas ma yella tutlayin tighelnawin n Cameroun tt'uqqtent, qqiment merr'a di rrif, yernu aya maci d ayen yelhan i wegdud. Imi imd'ebbren n tmurt ttmeslayen u qeddcen kan s tutlayt taberr'anit, amur ameqran deg Yikamruniyen d'han-d amzun ttwaâezlen di tmurt-nsen, ur fehhmen d acu ara ttmeslayen wid yellan nnig-nsen, yernu unjug-agi (obstacle) n tutlayt yergel-asen abrid i wat'as n yimezdaghen n tmurt-a i wakken ad ttekkin di tsertit (politique) n tmurt-nsen. Maci ala d Cameroun ay yellan di tegnit-agi, wanag llant at'as n tmura nnid'en di Tefriqt ara yettidiren akka : tadghert (élite) tesâa tutlayt-is, d tin i yes tezmer ad teh'kem tamurt s yiles ay tfehhem nettat, iles n umesbat'li aqdim, di lweqt i deg agdud yellan s ddaw-atsen ttmeslayen-as kan s yiles-is asmi ara t-h'widjen ad yedgher (ad yebbut'i). Xas ma yella Cameroun d tamurt yewwin azarug-is (indépendance), asmi ay tt-ffghent Fr'ansa d Legliz, ur d-ddjint ara amkan-nsent d ilem, wanag imd'ebbren n tmurt, xas d arraw n tmurt, qqnen allen-nsen ghef yilsawen n tmurt-nsen.]\nTigduda n Cameroun d tamurt tagtutlayt (i deg ggtent tutlayin), i deg llant azal n 247 n tutlayin tines'liyin n tmurt, yiwet n tutlayt n teywalt (communication - d tapidgint n teglizit) akk d snat n tutlayin tuns'ibit (officielles), taglizit d tefr'ensist. Snat-agi n tutlayin tuns'ibit tewr'et-itent-id Cameroun si tallit-nni n tehrest (listiâmar'), asmi Brit'anya d Fr'ansa bd'ant akal n tmurt-agi wagar-asen ger n tgara n Tt'rad n Umad'al amezwaru d wasmi ay tewwi tmurt azarug-is (indépendance).\nAtt'uqqet n tutlayin di Cameroun maci d ayen yessishilen taywalt (communication) ger yimezdaghen n tmurt-a; dgha skud Cameroun ur tesâi ara tutlayt n teywalt ara yettwafhamen deg tmiwa n tmurt merr'a, amsefham mazal ad yeqqim yewâer' ger Yikamruniyen. Nnig waya, xas ma yella tafr'ensist d teglizit d tutlayin tuns'ibin di snat di Cameroun, snat-agi n tutlayin ur âdilent ara deg wamek ay ttuseqdacent negh ttuselmadent, yernu aya id'urr tasertit (politique) n tesnutlayt (bilinguisme) ay yebgha ad yelh'u yis-s udabu n Cameroun. Yugh lh'al, tasertit n tutlayt di tmurt-a mazal-itt terwi yernu mazal ur d-banen ara yeswan-is (buts) : tasertit-agi ur tefki ara akk azal i tutlayin tines'liyin n tmurt i wakken ad ten-tesnerni, yernu ur tessawed' ara ad terr tamurt n Cameroun d tin ay ilehh'un s snat n tutlayin tuns'ibin akken yessefk lh'al. Dgha, tasertit-nni tuns'ibt i yes tebgha naqal Cameroun ad tesdukel tamurt, ass-a tughal d ssebba n yemgerraden (conflits) d wemsefraq aserti. Taluft n tutlayin di Cameroun d taqdimt yernu nezmer ad naf iz'uran-is di tallit n tehrest (listiâmar'), tallit i deg ay d-yella wemgerrad ger tedbelt (administration) n tehrest d yemseghdaden (missionnaires). Ass-a, taluft n Cameroun deg wayen yerzan tutlayin netta d amek ara tefru ugur-agi n utt'uqqet n tutlayin u ad tefru ugur n tutlayt taghelnawt di lweqt i deg ara tkemmel ad tesselh'ay tamurt s wudem amellil (efficacement) s snat tutlayt tuns'ibin u ad teg akk ayen yessefken i wakken ad tesserbeh' aya.\nCameroun s ttfas'il u s tewzel\nGhef leh'sab n CIA Fact Book, di Yulyu 2001, Cameroun tella tesâa 15.803.220 n yimezdaghen. Tajumma n Cameroun tewwed' gher 475.442 km², yernu tesâa tilisa akk d Nigeria deg utaram (lgherb), akk d Tcad deg ugafa-acerqi (nord-est), akk d Tegduda n Tefriqt Talemmast di ccerq, akk d Ginya Tasebgast, Gabon d Congo deg wenz'ul (sud). Cameroun tesâa 10 tmiwa tideblanin (administratives), gar-asent snat ttmeslayent s teglizit, ma di tmanya-nni nnid'en, d tafr'ensist ay yettwahdar'en.\nDi 1472, asmi ay yewwed' yemsilel (navigateur) apur'tugali Fernando Po gher temda (bassin) n Biafra, yekcem s ugherrabu-yines gher wasif n Wouri ay d-yuzgan ghef yiri n lebh'er'. Po yewhem mi ay iwala dakken llan yiqayemrunen (crevettes) deg wasif-nni, dgha d aya ay t-yeddjan ad as-isemmi i wasif-agi "Rio dos Camarões" (asif n yiqayemrunen). Dgha d wa ay d isem ay fkan i tmurt-nni merr'a. Asmi ay d-usan Walmaniyen akken ad tt'fen tamurt-a, semman-as "Kamerun". Igliziyen, asmi ay d-wwd'en, semman-as "Cameroon", ma d Ifr'ensisen llan qqaren-as "Cameroun". Di 1884, tekcem Lalman gher Cameroun, u yebda-d leh'kem almani ghef tmurt-a asmi ay stenyan Walmaniyen amtawa (leâqed) ger tmurt-nsen d Yedoualaten (yiwen seg yegduden n Cameroun) di Yulyu n 1884, dgha seg yimir-nni ay tughal Cameroun d tanemzught (protectorat) talmanit. Maca asmi ay texs'er Lalman Ttr'ad n Umad'al amezwaru (di 1916), Fr'ansa d Brit'anya bd'ant Cameroun wagar-asent. Naqal llant h'ekment tamurt-a s ddaw n lewkala n Temghunt n Yeghlanen (Société des Nations), sakkin, d Tuddsa n Yeghlanen Yedduklen (ONU) ay ikemmlen twekkel Fr'ansa d Brit'anya i wakken ad kemmlent ad tt'fent Cameroun. Brit'anya s'ah'ent-tt-id snat n tesfifin n wakal, llan deg-sent azal n 90.000 km² yernu uzgant-d ghef tlisa n Nigeria. Tasfift-nni n wakal ay d-yuzgan deg ugafa (nord) llan qqaren-as "Cameroun Tabrit'anit n Ugafa" (British Northert Cameroons), ma d tin n wenz'ul qqaren-as "Cameroun Tabrit'anit n Wenz'ul" (Southern British Cameroons"). D Fr'ansa umi d-is'ah' umur ameqran si Cameroun yernu tefka-yas i umur-agi leh'kem-is i yiman-is, wanag Brit'anya, si Lagos, di Nigeria, ay tella la tesselh'ay lumur' n wakalen-is di Cameroun.\nCameroun tafr'ensist tewwi azarug-is (indépendance) deg umenzu n Yennayer, 1960. Sakkin, di Fur'ar' n 1960, imezdaghen n Cameroun Tabrit'anit n Wenz'ul deghren (bbut'in) i wakken ad sduklen tamurt-nsen akk d Cameroun ay teffegh Fr'ansa. Tadukli-yagi terna tedjhed ugar deg umenzu n Tuber' 1961, asmi ay yettusdukel akk wakal n Cameroun, u tga-d tmurt-agi tafidir'alit i deg llant snat n tmura, Cameroun Tagherbit d Cameroun Tacerqit. Tafidir'alit-agi teqqim alamma ay d 20 Magu 1972, asmi ay yerra adabu ddewla-yagi d tin yedduklen ugar, s wesnulfu n 7 temnad'in (provinces). Sakkin, di 1984, aselway yessuffegh-d tanad't (décret) i deg d-rnant tlata temnad'int timaynutin gher sebâa-nni yellan naqal, u tughal Cameroun tesâa âecr'a temnad'in.\nDeg wennar n uselmed, Cameroun tettd'afar sin yinagrawen (systèmes) : anagraw n uselmed s tutlayt taglizit ay yettwabnan ghef leh'sab n unagraw aneglusaksi (anglo-saxon), akk d unagraw n uselmed s tutlayt tafr'ensist ay yettwabnan ghef leh'sab n unagraw afr'ensis. Dgha llan yigherbazen yesselmaden s wahil (programme) aglizi am wakken ay llan wid yesselmaden s wahil afr'ensis, d acu kan, di tesdawit (université), inelmaden qqaren s snat tutlayin, s teglizit akk d tefr'ensist. Ghef leh'sab n tesnaddanin (statistiques) n 1995, 63.4 % n Yikamruniyen ay yessnen ad ghren, 75 % n yergazen d 52,01 % n tilawin.\nTagtutlayt* d tsertit n tutlayt\nTagtutlayt di Cameroun\nAkken ay d-nenna sufella-yagi, Cameroun d tamurt tagtutlayt i deg llant 247 n tutlayin tines'liyin, snat tutlayin tuns'ibin akk d yiwet n tpidgint n teglizit ay ttmeslayen di Cameroun.\n[Tapidgint d tutlayt ur nelli ara d tanes'lit di tmurt, tikwal tettili d axalud' n snat negh n wat'as n tutlayin, sseqdacen-tt medden yettmeslayen tutlayin yemgerraden i wakken ad msefhamen yis-s. Tapidgint n Cameroun d taglizit ixeld'en d tutlayin nnid'en].\nXas ma yella adeg n internet n Ethnologue yeqqar-d dakken llant 279 n tutlayin di Cameroun, kra yimesnilsiyen (linguistes) am Wolf nnan-d dakken aya ur is'ehh'a ara, imi ay llant kra n tentalyin (dialectes) ay yettwah'esben d tutlayin, yili nitenti d tintalyin kan n kra n tutlayt. Ger tutlayin tines'liyin n Cameroun, llant r'ebâa tutlayin qrib ad negrent, tigi d tutlayt tadulit (duli), tageyt (gey), tanagumit (nagumi) akk d tyenit (yeni). Tutlayin-agi akk ttmeslayen-tent deg ugafa (nord) n tmurt. Adeg n Ethnologue yenna-d di 1996, dakken 14 n tutlayin nnid'en n Cameroun ay inegren yagi. Di Tefriqt, llant r'ebâa n twaculin timeqranin n tutlayin, tlata deg-sent nezmer ad tent-naf di Cameroun, imi di tmurt-a nezmer ad naf tutlayin n twacult tafrusyawit (afro-asiatique), tutlayin n twacult tanilus'eh'r'awit (nilo-saharienne) akk d tutlayin n twacult tanijirukur'dufanit (nilo-kordofanienne).\nTutlayin n twacult tanijirukur'dufanit d nitenti ay yett'uqqten di Cameroun, di lweqt i deg ulac akk kra n tutlayt n twacult taxuysant (khoisan) di tmurt-a. Tutlayin tines'liyin ay fehhmen wat'as n medden nitenti d tafulfuldet (fulfulde), tewondot (ewondo), tabasaat (basaa), tadwualat (duala), tahausat (hausa), tawandalat (wandala), takanurit (kanuri), taâr'abt tacuwat (choa), tapidgint n teglizit akk d tefr'ensist. D acu kan, tlata kan tutlayin si ger tigi ay yettwahdar'en yernu ttwafhament ugar tiyad' di tmiwa timeqranin di Cameroun, d tid ay sseqdacen medden di tmiwa-ya i wakken ad msefhamen wagar-asen : deg ugafa (nord) amur ameqran di medden yettmeslay negh ifehhem tafulfuldet, di lweqt i deg tapidgint n teglizit tettuseqdac di lgherb, ma d tafr'ensist tettuseqdac deg timiwa ay d-yeqqimen di tmurt. D acu kan, ulac leh'yud' yebd'an ger yal tutlayt d tayed', yernu merr'a tutlayin-agi nezmer ad naf imdanen ay tent-yessnen di merr'a timiwa n tmurt. Tafulfuldet ttmeslayen-tt yernu tettwafham di tama n ugafa (nord) anda ay tella tama n Adamawa akk d temnad'in (provinces) n ugafa ubâid, dgha, akal i deg tettuseqdac tfulfuldet yewwed' gher 162.107 km² negh 34,8 % seg wakal n Cameroun.\nAzal n 3 yimelyunen n medden ay yettmeslayen tafulfuldet, xas ma yella amur ameqran di medden-agi d almad ay tt-lemden, maci d nettat ay d tutlayt-nsen tayemmat. Wid yesâan tafulfuldet d tutlayt-nsen tayemmat (Ifulfuldeyen) ur ttâeddin ara i 350.000, maca tutlayt-nsen si zik ay tesâa azal. Di lqern wis 17, tafulfuldet tettuseqdec d tutlayt i wezraâ n Lislam deg ugafa (nord) n Cameroun. Tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun sseqdacen-tt at'as n medden maci ala di tmiwa ay teh'kem zik Brit'anya (timnad'in n Ugafa Utrim d Wenz'ul Utrim), wanag ula di tmiwa n yiri n lebh'er' akk d lgherb n Cameroun. Ass-a, nezmer ad nh'ulfu i tezrirt (influence) n tpidgint-agi ula di temnad'in i deg sseqdacen tafr'ensist. Dgha ass-a, tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun ur teqqim ara d tutlayt n teywalt (communication) ala kan ger Yikamruniyen yessawalen taglizit, wanag attan la tettimghur, la tteffegh ghef tlisa-s n zik-nni u tezmer, yiwwas, ad tughal d tutlayt n teywalt taghelnawt (nationale). Ama di temdinin negh di tmurt, tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun tughal la tettuseqdac di teklizin (églises) am wakken tettuseqdac di leswaq, deg yinegsaren (parking) n tker'was, di teghsarin (gares) n tmacinin, deg wezniq negh di tegnatin nnid'en. Yugh lh'al, tutlayt-agi "ur nelli n yiwen" nughal nezmer ad tt-naf anda ma nedda di tudert timettit-tudmist (socio-économique) n yimezdaghen n Cameroun, yernu si tallit n Lalman ay tebda tpidgint-agi la tetturar ddur'-agi.\nMa yella d tafr'ensist, alamma ay d asmi ay tewwi Cameroun azarug-is (indépendance) ay tughal tesâa ddur' meqqren di teywalt (communication), imi seg yimir-n d asawen, bdan Yikamruniyen la lemmden s wat'as tutlayt-a. Dgha, menghir tlata-nni n temnad'in (provinces) n ugafa anda d tafulfuldet ay d tutlayt n teywalt akk d snat-nni n temnad'in i deg ssawalen (tapidgint n) taglizit, d tafr'ensist ay yetturaren ddur' meqqren di teywalt di xemsa-nni n temnad'in nnid'en ay d-yegran di Cameroun. S waya, tennulfa-d yiwet n tefr'ensist d tagherfant (populaire), sseqdacen-tt Yikamruniyen yettmeslayen tutlayin yemgerraden wagar-asen, ladgha di temdinin d tmiwa iqerben gher temdint. Nnig waya, Ikamruniyen merr'a, ama d wid yesseqdacen taglizit, tafr'ensist negh tafulfuldet, ttemsefhamen merr'a wagar-asen s tefr'ensist, u tettghimi-d tutlayt-a d nettat ay d tutlayt n wemsefham tameqrant akk di tmurt. Snat-nni n tutlayin tuns'ibin n Cameroun, taglizit d tefr'ensist, kecemnt-d s amezruy n tmurt-a di 1916, asmi ay tettwarna Lalman u tettwabd'a Cameroun ger Fr'ansa d Brit'anya. Inehrasen (colonisateurs) imaynuten nudan ad h'ettmen tutlayt-nsen ghef yimezdaghen n tmurt-agi, ladgha deg yinurar n uselmed akk d tedbelt (administration). D aya ay yessawd'en snat-agi n tutlayin ad fkent az'ar di Cameroun di tallit n tsehrest (listiâmar'), yernu asmi ay tewwi Cameroun azarug-is (indépendance), ughalent djehdent ugar. Asmi ay teddukel Cameroun, di 1961, taglizit d tefr'ensist ughalent d snat n tutlayin tuns'ibin n tmurt-a imi Cameroun tefren ad tesselh'u tamurt s tesnutlayt (bilinguisme).\nTasertit n tutlayt di tallit n tsehrest*\nYessefk ad d-nini dakken uqbel ma kecmen-d yinehrasen (colonisateurs) gher Cameroun, kra n tutlayin tines'liyin n tmurt-a ssawd'ent ad sâunt azal d ameqran. Tutlayt tabamunt (bamun) tella d yiwet si tutlayin-agi, yernu d sselt'an Njoya (yiwen ugellid ineslem n Cameroun) ay tt-yesqeâden i wakken ad tughal d tutlayt n uselmed, uqbel ma wwd'en-d yemseghdaden (missionnaires) almaniyen. Tutlayt tafulfuldet daghen tella tesâa azal meqqren imi di lqern wis 17, d ta ay d tutlayt ay yettusqedcen i wezraâ n Lislam di tlata-nni n temnad'in n ugafa (nord).\nDi tallit n tsehrest (listiâmar'), timura tinehrasin (colonisateur) gant ifadden i wakken d tutlayin-nsent ara yettuseqdacen. Xas ma yella tadbelt (administration) talmanit di Cameroun tga ifadden i wakken d talmanit ara yettusqedcen di tmurt-a, imseghdaden (missionnaires) almaniyen d yimarikaniyen iprisbitiriyen smenyafen ad sqedcen tutlayin tines'liyin n yimezdaghen n Cameroun, am tbasaat (basaa), tabulut (bulu), tadualat (duala), tewondot (ewondo) akk d tmungakat (mungaka) i wakken ad slemden medden u ad ten-id-sxedmen gher ddin amasih'i. Xas ma yella almaniyen ur ldin ara at'as n yigherbazen di Cameroun, maca âerd'en ad h'ettmen ghef yigherbazen ad sseqdacen talmanit, u h'er'sen imseghdaden i wakken ad gen aya. D acu kan, imseghdaden llan tt'fen at'as n yigherbazen yernu d nitni ay yellan h'ekmen deg uselmed di tallit talmanit, di Cameroun.\nXas llan Walmaniyen bghan ad h'ettmen tutlayt-nsen ghef Yikamruniyen, ineggura-yagi kemmlen la sseqdacen tutlayin-nsen tines'liyin wagar-asen mebla uguren. Asmi ay texs'er Lalman tamurt n Cameroun, inehrasen (colonisateurs) imaynuten wwin-d yid-sen tasertit (politique) n tutlayin nnid'en. Ibrit'aniyen h'ekmen Cameroun s webrid arusrid (indirectement), u d lh'ekkam ines'liyen n tmurt i yes tella Brit'anya la tesselh'ay tamurt, dgha, nezmer ad d-nini dakken di tegnit am ta, qrib yettuh'ettem ghef Yikamruniyen ad issinen u ad sqedcen tutlayin-nsen tines'liyin. Maca deg weh'ric-nni ay teh'kem Fr'ansa, Ifr'ensisen llan bghan ad ssertin (assimiler) Ikamruniyen, meh'sub ad asen-mh'un las'el-nsen, tamagit-nsen (identité) u ad ten-rren d Ifr'ensisen. D aya ay yeddjan Fr'ansa ur tqebbel ara aseqdec n tutlayin tines'liyin. Di tmiwa yellan s ddaw n leânaya tabrit'anit, kra n tutlayin tines'liyin am tbafutt (bafut), tadualat (duala) akk d tmungakat (mungaka) llant la ttuseqdacent lwah'id akk d teglizit deg uselmed. Yugh lh'al, Ibrit'aniyen ddjan timsal n uselmed ger yifassen n trebbaâ n ddin akk d wusligen (privés), di lweqt i deg adabu afr'ensis d netta ay d-yelhan s timmad-is s wakk timsal n uselmed n Yefriqiyen yellan s ddaw leh'kem-is. Di tmiwa ay teh'kem Fr'ansa, dima llan yemgerraden (conflits) ger yemseghdaden (missionnaires) d udabu afr'ensis, imi imseghdaden kemmlen la sseqdacen tutlayin tines'liyin i lmend n uselmed d usexdem n medden gher tmasih'it. D aya ay yeddjan adabu afr'ensis ad yeg ussisen (efforts) i wakken ad yesnerni tafr'ensist di Cameroun di lweqt i deg yerra tutlayin tines'liyin di rrif. Di 1917, tadbelt (administration) tafr'ensist tughal la tettak tallalt (lemâawna) n yedrimen i yigherbazen yesseqdacen tafr'ensist d tutlayt n uselmed. Sakkin, deg umenzu n Tuber' akk d 28 Dujember' 1920, yeffegh-d usad'uf i wakken ad ttwaghelqen yigherbazen yellan sselmaden s tutlayin tines'liyin di Cameroun, ad yeghleq 47 yigherbazen ay yeldi ugellid Njoya di tama n Yibamunen, anda tutlayt n uselmed tella d tabamunt. Ma di 1922, Fr'ansa teghleq 1800 yigherbazen n yemseghdaden iprisbitiriyen imarikaniyen i deg tutlayt n uselmed tella d tabulut (bulu). Tkemmel Fr'ansa la tghelleq deg yigherbazen, alamma ay d asmi ay d-teqqim tefr'ensist d tutlayt tawh'idt n uselmed di Cameroun. D acu kan, xas texdem Fr'ansa akk aya, tutlayin tines'liyin kemmlent la ttuseqdacent deg usexdem n medden gher ddin amasih'i d teywalt (communication) ger medden. Dgha, di lweqt i deg tutlayt tuns'ibt (officielle) tella d tutlayt n teywalt tuns'ibt, tutlayin tines'liyin d nitenti ay yellan d tutlayin n teywalt gher wegdud ama di teklizt (église), deg leswaq, negh di tmeghriwin tidelsanin, deg wexxam d wanda nnid'en. Maca tisertiyin (politiques) n tutlayt ay sqedcent Lalman, Brit'anya akk d Fr'ansa ur ddjint ara ad tili kra n tutlayt tanes'lit ara yesâun azal meqqren ugar n tiyad', u ad tughal d nettat ay d tutlayt taghelnawt asmi ara tawi Cameroun azarug-is (indépendance).\nTasertit n tutlayt di tallit n uzarug*\nAsmi ay tewwi Cameroun azarug-is, d tafr'ensist ay yughalen d tutlayt-is tuns'ibt (officielle) di tama yessawalen tafr'ensist, di lweqt i deg taglizit tughal d tutlayt tuns'ibt n tama yessawalen taglizit. Asmi ay teddukel tmurt deg umenzu n Tuber', 1961, tagduda tafidir'alit ay d-ilulen imir-n tughal tesâa snat tutlayin tuns'ibin. Cameroun, am wat'as n tmura tifriqiyin nnid'en, tesmenyaf d tutlayin "tirawsanin" (neutres) ay tesmenyaf ad tent-terr d tutlayin tuns'ibin, imi taglizit akk d tefr'ensist ur llint ara d tutlayin tines'liyin n kra n wegdud yettidiren di Cameroun, yernu adabu akamruni iga aya i wakken ur d-ttilin ara wuguren ger yegduden, yernu ur yetts'errif ara digh udabu idrimen i wakken ad yesnerni tutlayin tines'liyin n tmurt. S waya ay nezmer ad nefhem aygher ay yerra udabu tutlayin tines'liyin di rrif u yesmenyaf tutlayin n yinehrasen (colonisateurs) iqburen. Kra waggagen (intellectuels) ikamruniyen am Fonlon (di 1963), ur kukran ara ad d-ssumren (proposer) dakken yessefk ad rren aselmed n yigerdan d asnutlay (bilingue) seg yiseggasen imezwura n ugherbaz, imi di tallit-nni ay ttilin yigerdan mazal-iten leqqaqit i wakken ad lemden tutlayin timaynutin.\nMa d tutlayin tines'liyin, nezmer ad d-nini dakken ur sâin ara akk amkan deg yiseggasen imezwura n uzarug (indépendance) n Cameroun. Maca, xas ma yella anabad' yessusem, llant at'as n trebbaâ ay iqedcen mebla ah'bas i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayin tines'liyin, u gar-asent nezmer ad d-nebder PROPELCA (Programme de Recherche Opérationnelle pour l'Enseignement des Langues au Cameroun), ara iqeddcen si 1977 ghef temsal yerzan aselmed s tutlayin tiyemmatin di Cameroun. Maca llant daghen trebbaâ n SIL-Cameroun, Tiddukla Takamrunit n Tsuqilt n Wedlis d Uselmed n Tghuri (CABTAL) akk d Tiddukla Taghelnawt n Tseqquma n Tutlayt Tikamruniyin (National Association of Cameroonian Language Committees (NACALCO). Di 1979, yettwaxdem leqdic igerrzen i lmend n usizegh (standardisation) n tirawt n tutlayin tikamruniyin yernu aya yettekka mlih' deg wesnerni n tutlayin-agi. Tamend'awt n 18 Yennayer 1996 ted'men akemmel n tsertit tuns'ibt n tesnutlayt (bilinguisme) d wesnerni n tutlayin tighelnawin (tines'liyin) n Cameroun, yernu aya yusa-d kan d akemmel i leqdic-nni ay d-bdant trebbaâ-agi iqedcen ghef tutlayin tines'liyin, yernu tamend'awt-agi d ayen ara yeddjen Cameroun ad teg leqrar ama i tutlayin-is tuns'ibin, ama i tutlayin-is tines'liyin ay yellan merr'a d ah'ric si tgemmi (patrimoine) tadelsant n tmurt-agi. Di 1998, yella-d digh ubeddel d ameqran ghef tutlayin n Cameroun imi amni (parlement) akamruni yesâedda yiwen usenfar n usad'uf (projet de loi) ay yefkan azal i uselmed n tutlayin tighelnawin, dgha d asenfar-agi ay yughalen d asad'uf 98/004 n 14 Yebrir 1998 ay d-iga uselway i lmend n uselmed n tutlayin tines'liyin n tmurt. Xas ma yella Aghlif (ministère) n Uselmed aghelnaw werâad ur d-igi ara aghawas (plan) i wakken ad yexdem s usad'uf-agi deg wennar, ulac ccek dakken asmi ay d-tga Cameroun asad'uf-agi, tebda-d tikli tamaynut i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayin-is tighelnawin. D acu kan, mi ara nwali mlih' gher wayen d-yeqqar usad'uf-agi d tegnit i deg tella Cameroun, nezmer ad nesteqsi iman-nnegh ma yella dgha d tidet Cameroun tezmer ad d-tessed'ru ayen teâzem ad t-texdem negh asad'uf-agi ad yeqqim kan di lkaghed' (am tmend'awt n 1996), ad yettr'aju melmi ara t-id-ssed'run deg wennar. Yugh lh'al llan yagi kra ara yettwalin dakken anabad' (lh'ukuma) ur ixeddem ara ayen d-yenna. Xas ma yella asad'uf-agi d ussis (lmedjhud) i wakken ad teg ddewla ayen yessefken i tutlayin tighelnawin, maca aâett'el n ddewla i wakken ad texdem s usad'uf-a yesbanay-d dakken imd'ebbren xedmen-d asad'uf-agi uqbel lawan-is negh ur xemmen ara akken yessefk i wakken ad t-id-gen. Akka ay s-ted'ra digh i tmend'awt-nni n 1996. Dgha, deg wayen yerzan aselmed n tutlayin-agi, mazal werâad ur tefri ara yiwet n temsalt : lemmer ad kecment tutayin tighelnawin s agherbaz, inelmaden ad tent-lemden d tinegwa (matières) negh ad lemmden yis-sent kullec ? Asad'uf akamruni yenna-d dakken inelmaden ad lemmden tutlayin-agi d tinegwa, d acu kan, lemmer ad ttusqedcent tutlayin tighelnawin d ttawil i uselmed, at'as n Yikamruniyen ara ilemden tutlayin-nsen tiyemmatin, yernu aya ad yessishel aselmed n tghuri i wat'as n yimezdaghen n tmurt. Lemmer ad ttuslemdent tutlayin-agi d tinegwa kan, mazal llan wuguren nnid'en ay yessefk ad ten-yefru unabad' akamruni. Yugh lh'al, ma ih'elles-d unabad' ad yessed'ru ayen d-yenna usad'uf n 1998, yessefk ad ixemmem ghef yeswiren (niveaux) n yinelmaden umi ara yesselmed tutlayin tines'liyin, d wach'al n tsaâtin ara lemmden yinelmaden tutlayin-agi di ddur't, am wakken ay yessefk ad ssersen tiwtilin (ccurut') ay yessefken ad ilin deg yiselmaden ara yeslemden tutlayin-agi, imi aselmed n tutlayin tines'liyin s wudem is'ehh'an ur yessefk ara ad yettunefk kan i menwala, yernu yessefk digh ghef unabad' ad yessgher iselmaden imaynuten u ad asen-yeg ifadden, am wakken ara d-yessebded tims'ukyin (structures) ara d-yelhun d used'ru n tsertit-agi (politique) u yessefk digh ghef unabad' ad d-yefk idrimen ara yettusqedcen i wakken ad ttwaxedmen akk lecghal-agi s wudem is'ehh'an.\nS umata, tagnit n tutlayin di Cameroun ur txulef ara tin n umur ameqran di tmura n wenz'ul (sud) n Ss'eh'ra : d timura i deg llant at'as n tutlayin; tutlayt n unehras (colonisateur) aqbur d nettat ay d tutlayt tuns'ibt; anabad' (lh'ukuma) terra tutlayin tines'liyin di rrif; mazal timura-yagi sâan assaghen (liens) idjehden akk d tmura ay tent-yeshersen (ay tent-yesteâmr'en) zik-nni; yernu llan wuguren ger yegduden yettmeslayen tutlayin yemgerraden (yemxallafen) di tmura-ya.\nTasnutlayt tuns'ibt d uselmed asnutlay\nAkken d-nenna sufella-yagi, tasnutlayt (bilinguisme) d nettat ay d tasertit (politique) tuns'ibt (officielle) ay i ghef tebna Cameroun tasertit-is n tutlayin. Amagrad 1, tas'eddart 3 n tmend'awt (constitution) n 18 Yennayer 1996 yesban-d mlih' aya : "Tutlayin tuns'ibin n Tegduda n Cameroun d taglizit d tefr'ensist, tutlayin-agi di snat sâant yiwen uz'ayer (statut). Awanak (ddewla) yessefk ad yed'men asnerni n tesnutlayt di merr'a timiwa akk d yinurar merr'a n tmurt, am wakken yessefk digh ad yeh'rez u ad yesnerni tutlayin tighelnawin." Xas ma yella timend'awin iâeddan n Cameroun, seg wasmi ay tewwi tmurt-agi azarug, mmeslayent-d ghef tsertit tuns'ibt n tesnutlayt, ar ass-a, werâad ur tban ara tsertit-agi deg wennar. Xas ma yella tamend'awt teqqar-d dakken tafr'ensist akk d teglizit sâant yiwen uz'ayer, meh'sub âedlent di Cameroun, d tafr'ensist ay yernan taglizit deg yinurar n tedbelt (administration), aselmed d ttawilat n teywalt (communication). Yugh lh'al, nezmer ad d-nini mebla akukru dakken tafr'ensist s yisem-is d tutlayt, d idles negh d tasertit, tedjhed deg wakk inurar n tmurt. Tafr'ensist terna taglizit imi tamezwarut-agi ttmeslayen-tt u fehhmen-tt wat'as n medden, wid yessawalen tafr'ensist si zik ay tt'fen imukan iâlayanen n unabad' (lh'ukuma) akk d tedbelt (administration) yernu Cameroun ur tesâi ara tasetit n tutlayin ara id'emnen s tidet izerfan (lh'uquq) n tutlayin tidersanin (minoritaires). Nnig waya, tasertit tuns'ibt n tesnutlayt tesnulfa-d bedd'u ger wid yettmeslayen taglizit d wid yettmeslayen tafr'ensist di Cameroun, yernu deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, nger tamawt dakken aya yezmer ad yessiwed' gher wuguren imeqranen ay izemren ad bd'un tamurt. Dgha, xas ma yella tasertit n tesnutlayt tettwaxdem-d i wakken ad tesdukel tamurt, tasertit-agi tezmer daghen ad tili d ssebba n wuguren negh n bedd'u n tmurt. Imi d tafr'ensist ay idjehden deg yinurar merr'a, ughalen wid yessawalen taglizit la tth'ulfun i yiman-nsen ttwah'eqren, u la ttwalin dakken taglizit-nni-nsen d ssiman ay ten-yesduklen, msegman wagar-asen u tth'ulfun dakken sâan tamagit (identité) ay ten-icerken. Wid yessawalen taglizit dima ttasmen ghef tmiwa i deg ttidiren di Cameroun. Dgha, asmi ay d-ffghent ddiâayat deg yiseggasen n 90 dakken anabad' ad d-yesnulfu timnad'in (provinces) timaynutin i yes ara yesdukel timnad'in yessawalen taglizit akk d temnad'in yessawalen tafr'ensist ay ten-id-iqerben i wakken ad d-gent timnad'in tifulmanin (autonomes), imezdaghen n temnad'in yessawalen taglizit ugin aya yernu nnughen i wakken ur d-yettili ara rr'ay-agi. Wid yessawalen taglizit walan dakken aya d aghawas (plan) ay d-ihegga udabu i wakken ad yarez timiwa yessawalen taglizit gher tmiwa yessawalen tafr'ensist, dgha s waya, zemren ad sr'uh'en tutlayt taglizit d yedles-nsen. Imi ay d-tewh'el Cameroun di tallit-nni di tegnit iweâr'en am tin, bdan yemd'ebbren ikamruniyen la ttemcawar'en i wakken ad d-xedmen tamend'awt tamaynut, deg wayen umi semman "askasi ameqran" (grand débat). Wid yessawalen taglizit, s umata, smenyafen ad teqqim tmurt n Cameroun dima s âecr'a temnad'in-yines, mebla ma beddlent tlisa-nsent, u ma yella anabad' la yettxemmim ad yefk tafulmant (autonomie) i kra n temnad'in, wid yessawalen taglizit smenyafen ad yefk kan tafulmant i wakk timnad'in n tmurt u ad yerr Cameroun d tamurt tafidir'alit.\nI wakken ad tesnerni Cameroun tasertit n tesnutlayt (bilinguisme), tebda la tesselmad s snat tutlayin si 1961. Yella yessefk ihi ghef tmurt ad tesseqdec snat tutlayin deg uselmed, ladgha deg weswir (niveau) n tesdawit. Cameroun tesâa setta n tesdawiyin n uwanak (ddewla), r'ebâa deg-sent sseqdacent tafr'ensist d teglizit d tutlayin n uselmed. Di tesdawit takamrunit, wid yessawalen tafr'ensist d wid yessawalen taglizit ttghimin idis s idis deg yimukan anda ay qqaren, lemmden akken. Ma d aselmad yesseqdac tutlayt tuns'ibt ay yessen xir i wakken ad yesselmed timsirin-is (ddur'us) di lweqt i deg inelmaden ttaddamen tinqid'in s tutlayt ay sen-yehwan, yernu asmi ara d-awd'en yikayaden (examens), zemren ad ten-sâeddin s tutlayt ay sen-yehwan digh, ama s teglizit negh s tefr'ensist. D acu kan, aseqdec n snat tutlayin di tesdawit takamrunit d ayen ay d-yeglan s wat'as n wuguren.\nTamenzut, amur ameqran di temsirin s tefr'ensist ay yettwaxdam, imi amur ameqran deg yiselmaden seg wid yessawalen tafr'ensist, yernu inelmaden yessawalen taglizit ur ten-yeâdjib ara waya u tth'ulfun dakken la yettâeddi meh'yaf fell-asen. Ghef leh'sab n tezrawin (études) ay iga Tambi (1973) d Njeck (1992), di tasdawit n Yaoundé, 80% si temsirin yettwaxdam s tefr'ensist di lweqt i deg ala kan 20% n temsirin ara yettwaxdamen s teglizit. D aya ay yeddjan inelmaden yessawalen taglizit ur ferr'h'en ara s tsertit tuns'ibt n tesnutlayt di tmurt-nsen. Ugur nnid'en ay d-yesnulfa uselmed asnutlay netta d tukci n tenqid'in deg yikayaden (examens), imi inelmaden yessawalen taglizit qqaren-d dakken iselmaden ur d asen-ttaken ara tinqid'in yelhan. Di Cameroun, anelmad yezmer ad yesâeddi akayad-is ama s tefr'ensist negh s teglizit, maca at'as seg wid yessawalen taglizit, mi ur rebbh'en ara di tezrawin-nsen, d iselmaden-nsen ay ssed'lamen, u qqaren-d dakken iselmaden yessawalen tafr'ensist, imi ur z'wiren ara di teglizit, ur fehhmen ara akken yessefk ayen d-uran yinelmaden-nsen yessawalen taglizit. Dgha aya d yiwet si ssebbat ay yeddjan ikamruniyen yessawalen taglizit d wid yessawalen tafr'ensist ur ttemsefhamen ara yernu yal tarbaât tettcikki di tayed'. Ma d taluft tis tlata ay d-tesnulfa tsertit-agi n tesnutlayt teqqen s aselmed n tutlayt tuns'ibt tis snat i yinelmaden. Yugh lh'al, i wakken inelmaden ikamruniyen ad afen iman-nsen di tmurt-nsen u ad ilin wejden i wakken ad ghren akken yessefk, adabu yesselmad tafr'ensist i yinelmaden yessawalen taglizit, am wakken yesselmad taglizit i yinelmaden yessawalen tafr'ensist. D acu kan, aselmed-agi n uheggi ur yettwaxdem akken yessefk, adabu ur yefki ara ttawilat yessefken i waya, yernu inelmaden ur sâin ara lebghi idjehden i wakken ad lemden tutlayt-nsen tuns'ibt tis snat. Anect-a maci d ayen ittgen ifadden i yinelmaden i wakken ad nadin ghren mlih'. Yessefk ghef Cameroun ad tesselhu aselmed n uheggi ay tteg i yinelmaden, am wakken ara teqdec i wakken ad tesselhu aswir (niveau) n tmusni n yiselmaden di tutlayin tuns'ibin. Aya ad yeddj inelmaden ad sâun laman xir n zik deg yiselmaden-nsen, yernu wid yessawalen taglizit ur tth'ulfun ara i yiman-nsen ttwah'eqren.\nYessefk digh ad d-nger tamawt dakken imi Cameroun tesâa snat tutlayin tuns'ibin, aya yeddja tamurt-agi ad tesâu sin yinagrawen (systèmes) n uselmed yemgerraden, yernu ula d aya yesnulfa-d uguren yeh'wadjen tifratin. Deg unagraw n uselmed afr'ensis, taglizit d tanga (matière) yettuh'ettmen ghef wakk inelmaden seg wasmi ara d-bdun almad alamma d asmi ara faken almad-nsen alemmas. D acu kan, deg unagraw n uselmed aglizi, yessefk ghef akk inelmaden ad lemden tafr'ensist seg useggas-nsen amenzu n welmad alamma d asmi ara awd'en s aswir n GCE. Dgha, anelmad yessawalen tafr'ensist yernu yeghra s unagraw afr'ensist yewjed ad yelmed di tesdawit s tefr'ensist xir n unelmad yessawalen taglizit u yeghra s unagraw aglizi. Nnig waya, tukci n tenqid'in temxallaf ger unagraw aglizi d unagraw afr'ensis, yernu anect-a d ugur meqqren deg uselmed. Anelmad yeqqaren s unagraw aglizi yettextiri tamezzugt (spécialité) asmi ara yextir tinegwa (matières) i deg yez'wer, yernu d tinegwa-nni kan ara yesâeddi asmi ara yesâeddi akayad n GCE (lbak), di lweqt i deg anelmad yeqqaren s unagraw afr'ensis yettuh'ettem fell-as ad igher akk tinegwa yernu ur irebbeh' ara alamma yewwi-d talemmast (moyenne) deg wakk tinegwa ay yeqqar. Nnig waya, deg wayen yerzan aselmed n tutlayin tiberr'aniyin, d anagraw n welmad afr'ensis ay yifen anagraw n welmad aglizi. Deg unagraw afr'ensis, inelmaden yeqqaren deg ugherbaz alemmas lemmden taspenyulit d talmanit, di lweqt i deg anagraw aglizi ur yesselmad ara i yinelmaden-is tutlayin-agi, dgha wid yessawalen tafr'ensist ifen wid yessawalen taglizit di tmusni n tutlayin tiberr'aniyin, yernu aya yezmer ad yeddj inelmaden yeghran s teglizit ad h'ulfun dakken ttwah'eqren. Yugh lh'al, xas ma yella Cameroun la tesselh'ay tamurt s tsertit n tesnutlayt, tamurt-a werâad ur tesâi ara tasertit n useqâed n tutlayt ara tt-yeddjen ad tesseqdec snat tutlayin akken yessefk. Adabu ur a ixeddem acemma i wakken ad iz'er ma yella ayen ixeddem ghef tutlayt yewwi-d kra n lfayda negh ala. Xas ma yella taglizit akk d tefr'ensist simmal la irennu uzal-nsent di Cameroun u la ttughalent d tutlayin n wemsefham ger Yikamruniyen yettmeslayen at'as n tutlayin yemgerraden, adabu ur a itteg acemma i wakken ad yesnerni snat-agi n tutlayin. Lemmer d lebghi, adabu yessefk ad yeqdec ghef useqâed d usizegh n teglizit akk d tefr'ensist n Cameroun, d acu kan, ar ass-a mazal adabu yesxass' ttawil i wanect-a. Tamurt ur tezmir ara ad tesnerni tutlayin-is tuns'ibin mebla ma tga aya.\nAmkan n tutlayin tines'liyin\nDi tmurt n Cameroun, adabu yesseqdac kan tutlayin tuns'ibin di lweqt i deg tutlayin tines'liyin ala d agdud ay tent-yesseqdacen, citt'ah' kan deg-sent ay yettwarun, yernu ddrent kan deg yilsawen n medden ay tent-yesseqdacen wagar-asen ama di tmurt negh deg yexxamen. Di temsalt-agi, Bitja'a Kody yenna-d : "tutlayin tighelnawin (tines'liyin) ddrent kan deg yimawen n medden, la tent-sseqdacen kan sdaxel n twacult. Adabu ur yettnadi ara akk ad tent-yesseqdec ala kan di lh'emlat n tefranin (lbut') anda kra ttmeslayen s tutlayin tighelnawin i wakken ad qennâen medden. Ula d yiwet si tutlayin tighelnawin ur tettuseqdac di tedbelt (administration) negh di tghemsa (presse), wala deg udellel negh di tilibizyu taghelnawt, wala deg yigherbazen n ddewla negh di lh'emlat n uselmed n tghuri ay ixeddem udabu."\nAss-a, tutlayin-agi atenti la teddunt i wakken ad negrent, ladgha di temdinin anda ay ughalen yelmez'yen la sseqdacen ugar tutlayin tuns'ibin (officielles). Bitja'a Kody (2001) yenna-d dakken ghef leh'sab n yiwet n tezrawt (étude) yettwaxedmen di temdint n Yaoundé, 32% seg yelmez'yen yesâan ger 10 d 17 yiseggasen di leâmer'-nsen ur ssinen ara ad ssiwlen ula d yiwet si tutlayin tines'liyin n Cameroun. D tafr'ensist ay d tutlayt-nsen tawh'idt i yes ttemsefhamen akk d wiyad'. Bitja'a Kody yenna-d dakken ilmez'yen yellan di lih'ala-yagi mazal ad rnun di ldjil ara d-iteddun, imi Ikamruniyen ur nessin ara tutlayin tines'liyin n tmurt ur zemmren ara ad slemden tutlayin-agi i yigerdan-nsen. Yugh lh'al, d Ikamruniyen s timmad-nsen ara ineqqen tutlayin-nsen tines'liyin.\nDi lweqt i deg timend'awin (constitutions) tiqdimin n Cameroun (1961, 1972, 1984) ur d-nnint acemma ghef tutlayin tines'liyin n Cameroun, tin n 1996 tefka azal i wesnerni-nsent, yernu aya d abeddel ameqran deg wennar n tsertit n tutlayin di Cameroun. Nnig waya, awanak (ddewla) itteg ifadden i medden (usligen - privés) i wakken ad qedcen i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayin tines'liyin. Ghef waya, tirebbaâ tusligin (privées) gant isenfaren (projets) n uneârud' n uselmed akk d unadi ghef tutlayin tines'liyin yernu adabu, xas ma yella ur a d-yettak ara afus n lemâawna, yeqbel iqeddicen-agi s tsusmi. Iqeddicen ay xeddment trebbaâ am SIL-Cameroon, CABTAL akk d NACALCO d ayen igerrzen iteddun deg webrid yelhan : tirebbaâ-agi la qeddcent i wakken ad ssizghent (standardiser) tutlayin tines'liyin u ad tent-slemden, am wakken ara ttgent leqdicat n unadi fell-asent u qeddcent i wakken ad tent-ttmeslayen medden yernu ur neggrent ara. D acu kan, nesh'issif imi tutlayin tines'liyin mazal-itent ghabent deg ugherbaz n uwanak (ddewla), xas ma yella, ghef leh'sab n wakken ay d-yeqqar Chumbow (1996), "aseqdec n tutlayin tiyemmatin seg yiseggasen imezwura n uselmed yetturar ddur' meqqren deg wesnerni n th'er'ci n wegrud".\nXas ma yella kra n tmura n Tefriqt n ddaw n Ss'eh'ra sseqdacent tutlayin tines'liyin deg uselmed di tlata yiseggasen imezwura n uselmed, Cameroun tesseqdac tutlayin-is tuns'ibin (tafr'ensist d teglizit) deg wakk iswiren (niveaux) n welmad, seg wasmi ara d-bdun warrac almad-nsen alamma d asmi ara awd'en gher tesdawit. D aya ay yeddjan medden ad h'emmlen tutlayin tuns'ibin u ad sâunt azal ghur-sen di lweqt i deg h'eqren tutlayin tines'liyin n tmurt-nsen. Maca tah'eqranit-agi n tutlayin tines'liyin maci ala di Cameroun ay yella, yernu Adegbija (2000) yeqqar-d : "Yugh lh'al, deg wat'as n tmura ay yellan zik d tihersin (colonies) n Fr'ansa d Portugal, tutlayin tines'liyin ur ttwaqbalent, ur ttuselmadent deg ugherbaz ula deg yiseggasen imezwura n welmad. Imi timura-yagi d tigellilin taswiât-a, ur bghint ara ad gent ussisen (lmedjhudat) i wakken ad beddent i tutlayin-nsent tines'liyin, nnig waya, imawlan ttnadin i wakken igerdan-nsen ad lemden tutlayin tur'ufiyin (européennes) ghef zik lh'al. Ttejr'iba tesban-d dakken amur ameqran deg yimawlan di Cameroun ur qbilen ara ad lemden yigerdan-nasen tutlayin tines'liyin deg ugherbaz. At'as n yimawlan ay yettaznen igerdan-nsen gher walmaten n yigerdan (jardins d'enfants) akken kan ara awd'en tlata yiseggasen i wakken ad lemden taglizit negh tafr'ensist. D ayen ibanen dakken imawlan ara yefken arraw-nsen i wakken ad lemden tutlayt tuns'ibt ur begghun ara ad lemden warraw-nsen tutlayin tines'liyin asmi ara kecmen s agherbaz. Dgha, tagnit-agi maci d nettat ara iâiwnen tutlayin tines'liyin ad kecment s agherbaz akamruni. Almaten n yigerdan sseqdacen tarrayin (méthodes) n uselmed tibrit'aniyin, timarikaniyin negh tifr'ensisin. D tikli-yagi ay yeddjan timura n Tefriqt tagherbit ay testeâmer' Fr'ansa zik-nni, ad qqiment dima qqnent idles-nsen gher Fr'ansa, yernu d aya ay d-yezgan d unjug (obstacle) i wakken ur ttnernint ara tutlayin tines'liyin di tmura-nsent.\nD acu kan, xas ma yella tebgha Cameroun ad tessekcem tutlayin tines'liyin s agherbaz, taswiât-a, ur tezmir ara ad teg aya, acku ames'ruf (budget) ay yefka udabu n tmurt-a i uselmed mect'uh mlih', yernu ur yettaddja ara agrud akamruni ad yesâu ula cwit' seg wayen yeh'wadj d ttawil i wakken ad yelmed, nnig waya, lexs'as' n yedrimen yesxass' ula d tasnarrayt (méthodologie) n uselmed akk d usekcem n yiselmaden imaynuten. Seg wakken xuss'en yedrimen di Cameroun alamma ay yeqqim unabad' (lh'ukuma) âecr'a yiseggasen ur yezmir ara ad d-yessekcem iselmaden imaynuten s agherbaz amenzu (primaire), yernu alamma ay d melmi kan ay tekfa taluft-agi. Dgha, di tallit-nni, at'as n tneghra (classes) ay yeqqimen mebla aselmad yernu amur ameqran deg yigerdan ur ghrin ara at'as negh ur ufin ara win ara ten-yesseghren. Ma yella tadamsa (économie) n tmurt ur tezmir ara i ugherbaz, amek ay ara tezmer i usekcem n tutlayin tines'liyin s agherbaz amenzu ? Yugh lh'al, asekcem n tutlayin s tines'liyin s agherbaz maci d awezghi negh d ayen iweâr'en at'as ghef udabu akamruni, maca ugur atan deg wanect ara d-yesqam waya, ladgha ma nez'ra dakken at'as seg yiselmaden n yigherbazen ikamruniyen la ttuxellas'en s yedrimen n lemâawna n Tbanka Tamad'lant (Banque Mondiale). Imi adabu la yesseqac kan taglizit akk d tefr'ensist deg uselmed, yernu yettmeslay d wegdud ala s tutlayin-agi, at'as n medden yettmeslayen tutlayin tines'liyin qqimen di rrif, ur zmiren ara ad ttekkin negh ad d-inin rr'ay-nsen di temsal yesâan azal di tmurt-nsen, yernu s waya, ur ttazmaren ara ad ttekkin deg wesnerni n tmurt-nsen. At'as deg-sen ur z'rin d acu yellan di tmend'awt (constitution) wala deg usad'uf (lqanun) n uâaqeb n tmurt-nsen d yisud'af ay yesselh'ayen tudert-nsen. Dgha, aselh'u n lumur' n uwanak (ddewla) d ayen yellan ger yifassen kan n tedghert (élite), yernu xas ma yella adabu yessefra ad yesselmed taghuri i yimeqranen, ar ass-a werâad ur yebdi ara aya. Yugh lh'al, Tadadjeu (1975) yenna-d dakken lemmer adabu ad yesselh'u tamurt s tlata tutlayin, taglizit, tafr'ensist d tutlayin tines'liyin, ad yeg ifadden i wakken ad ttwalemdent deg ugherbaz u ad ttusqedcent deg yinurar merr'a, aya yezmer ad d-yawi abaghur (lfayda) meqqren i Yikamruniyen. Ma d nekni si tama-nnegh, nettwali dakken yelha lemmer tutlayin-agi tines'liyin ad tent-skecmen deg s agherbaz amenzu : tabasaat (basaa), tabulut (bulu), tewondot (ewondo), tadualat (duala), tafe'fe't (fe'fe'), tafulfuldet (fulfulde), tamungakat (mungaka) akk d tpidgint n teglizit. Tabasaat ad tt-sqedcen wid ay tt-yessawalen di tama n yiri n lebh'er' n Cameroun akk d temnad'in (provinces) n tlemmast n tmurt; tabulut akk d tewondot ad tent-sqedcen di tlemmast, deg wenz'ul (sud) akk d temnad'in ticerqiyin; tadualat ad tt-sqedcen wid Yedualaten akk d kra n yegduden n terbaât tasawat (sawa) am Yibakweriyen (Bakweri) akk d Yibakossiyen (Bakossi) di temnad'in n wenz'ul agherbi, d Yemboten (Mbo) yettidiren di temnad't n Yiri n Lebh'er'; tafe'fe't ad tt-sqedcen di temnad't tagherbit; tafulfuldet ad tt-sqedcen di tlata-nni n temnad'in n ugafa; tamungakat ad tt-sqedcen deg Temnad't n Ugafa Agherbi u di tgara, tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun ad tt-sqedcen di temnad'in anda ay ttmeslayen taglizit.\nAskasi ghef tutlayt taghelnawt\nSeg wasmi ay tewwi Cameroun azarug-is (indépendance), afran n tutlayt taghelnawt (tutlayt negh tutlayin tines'liyin i yes ara sselh'un tamurt) yella-yas d ugur. Xas ma yella adabu yefren ad yewwet nneh' ghef temsalt-agi imi ay yugad lemmer ad yefren kra n tutlayt/tutlayin, u ad yeddj tiyad', aya ad d-yexleq uguren ger yegduden yemgerraden n Cameroun yernu ad ihudd tadukli n tmurt, kra n waggagen (intellectuels) imeqranen, imuzzag (spécialistes) n uselmed d yimesnilsiyen (linguistes) lhan-d mlih' akk d temsalt-agi yernu nudan ad as-d-afen tifrat. Ngijol (1964) yessumer-d (proposer) ad tesâu tmurt n Cameroun yiwet kan n tutlayt taghelnawt i lmend n teywalt, n uselmed n tghuri akk d uselmed deg ugherbaz d wesnerni n tmagit (idendité) tadelsant n tmurt. Ma d Ba Njock (1966), si tama-s, yessumer-d dakken adabu ad yebd'u tamurt d timiwa ghef leh'sab n tutlayin, yal yiwet ad tesâu tutlayt-is i yiman-is. Xas ma yella takti-yagi (lfekra) telha, tifrat am ta tezmer ad d-tesnulfu uguren di kra n tmiwa anda ur tban ara d acu-tt tutlayt ay yettuseqdacen deg-sen s wat'as. Ahat, Ba Njock akk d wid yeddan d tmughli-s mmeslayen-d ghef takti-yagi imi ay walan dakken deg yiseggasen n settin, yebda udabu la yesselmad setta si tutlayin tines'liyin n tmurt di tesdawit tafidir'alit, d acu kan, adabu akamruni yeh'bes aselmed-agi imi ay yugad lemmer ad d-net'qen Yikamruniyen yettmeslayen tutlayin nnid'en u ad d-ssutren ad tent-sselmaden ula d nitenti. Nnig waya, i wakken ad yefru udabu tamsalt n wanta ay d tutlayt yifen tayed', imd'ebbren nnan-d tutlayin tines'liyin merr'a n Cameroun d "tutlayin tighelnawin", âedlent akk yernu ulac amgerrad (lxilaf) gar-asent. Di temlilit n Useqqamu Aghelnaw n Temsal Tidelsanin ay d-yellan di Yaoundé seg 18 gher 22 Dujember' 1974, yeâzem udabu ad asent-yessawal i tutlayin tines'liyin "tutlayin tighelnawin". D acu kan, di lweqt i deg anabad' (lh'ukuma) yella yeh'wadj ad yesâu tabghest (lkur'aj) i wakken ad yefren anti ay d tutlayin tighelnawin i yes ara yesselh'u tamurt, netta yessanef i temsalt-a, u yefren ad yeâdel ger wakk tutlayin mebla ma yefra ugur. Maca xas ma yella adabu ur yessawed' ara ad yefru aya, llant di Cameroun âecr'a n rr'adyuwat taz'iyanin (régionales), yal tamnad't tesâa tin-is, yernu ttwaxedment-d i wakken ad ttmeslayen s tutlayin ay ttmeslayen at'as di temnad'in-nsent. Lweqt ay tettak yal rr'adyu i tutlayt-is tanes'lit yemxallaf si temnad't gher tayed'. Di temnad't n Ugafa Ubâid (Extrême-Nord), rr'adyu n temnad't tettak 27.36% si lweqt-is i tutlayin tines'liyin, ma d tamnad't n Ugafa Agherbi, rr'adyu-yines yellan di Bamenda tettak kan 4,17% si lweqt-is i tutlayin tines'liyin. Yugh lh'al, yella wemgerrad d ameqran di lweqt ay tettak yal rr'adyu i tutlayin tines'liyin, yernu aya yesskan-d dakken yal rr'adyu d nettat ay yettd'ebbiren deg wanect ara tefk d lweqt i tutlayin-agi. Amur ameqran di teywalt (communication) yettwaxdam s teglizit d tefr'ensist, ama di rr'adyu negh di tilibizyu n Cameroun, yernu aya yesskan-d dakken amur ameqran seg yimezdaghen n Cameroun rran-ten di rrif imi ur sen-ttmeslayen ara s tutlayin-nsen, di lweqt i deg Ikamruniyen-agi, lemmer ad asen-mmeslayen s tutlayin ay fehhmen, zemren ad nefâen tamurt-nsen ugar.\nUla d Todd (1983) tettwali dakken yelha lemmer ad tefren Cameroun yiwet kan n tutlayt taghelnawt. Ghef leh'sab-is nettat, tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun tezmer ad turar ddur' n tutlayt taghelnawt mebla uguren imi tutlayt-a tesâa tams'uka (structure) iqerben gher tin n tutlayin tines'liyin, yernu d nettat kan ay d tutlayt tawh'idt di Cameroun ur nesâi ara agdud negh taqbilt ay tt-yettmeslayen d tutlayt-is tanes'lit, ur tesâi tama ibanen anda ay tt-ttmeslayen wala ddyana yeqqnen ghur-s, am wakken ur telli ara d tutlayt ay d-ih'ettem kra n unabad' (lh'ukuma) n yinehrasen (colonisateurs). S waya, wid yett'fen talemmast ttwalin dakken tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun d tutlayt ay izemren ad tesdukel mlih' Ikamruniyen imi "ur telli d tutlayt n yiwen".\nLlan wid ur neddi ara rr'ay-agi, qqaren-d dakken tapidgint teqreb gher teglizit yernu amur ameqran di tmawalt-is (léxique) d awalen ay d-yekkan si teglizit.D acu kan, imi tutlayt-agi ttmeslayen-tt u ttemsefhamen yis-s wat'as n medden yettmeslayen tutlayin yemgerraden, yelha ma yella tettuseqdec d tutlayt n uselmed, u teqqar-d Todd (1983) dakken "lemmer ad tughal tpidgintd tutlayt n uselmed, aya ur d-yesqamay ara at'as i unabad' (lh'ukuma) akamruni. Tutlayt-agi fehhmen-tt wat'as n medden deg wat'as n tmiwa n tmurt, yernu ttemsefhamen yis-s Yikamruniyen ula akk d yinaragen-nsen (ldjiran) ifriqiyen, yernu xas ma yella qlil kan anda ay tettili tutlayt-agi d tutlayt tayemmat n wegrud, tikwal, llan at'as n yigerdan n Cameroun ay s-isellen i tutlayt-a tettuseqdac seg wasmi ara ilin d imect'ah'. At'as aya seg wasmi ara tetturar tpidgint n teglizit n Cameroun ddur' n usiwed' n yedles akamruni, yernu tezmer ad tettuseqdec mebla uguren deg wemni (parlement) negh di lemcawr'at n tedrimt".\nImi ay tettwah'seb tpidgint n teglizit n Cameroun d yiwet si tutlayin n tmurt-a, tezmer ad turar ddur' n tutlayt taghelnawt mebla uguren. Nnig waya, aseqâed d usizegh-yines (standardisation) ur s-d-yesqamay ara akk at'as i udabu imi ay yella yagi wayen yuran s tutlayt-a. Maca xas ma yella tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun tezmer ad d-awi ibughar (lfaydat) imeqranen i tmurt, adadu, taswiât-a, mazal yegguma ad yeg ifadden i wakken ad tettuseqdec.\nXas ma yella tasertit (politique) n Cameroun terked u tezmer tmurt ad d-telhu d wuguren n tutlayt, yettban-agh-d dakken aya maci si temsal timeqranin ay iceghben adabu. Yugh lh'al, Cameroun, am wat'as n tmura n Tefriqt n ddaw n Ss'eh'ra, ur tettwali ara dakken timsal n tutlayt zwarent. Dgha, skud ulac uguren akk d tsertit n tutlayt i yes la tlehh'u tmurt ass-a, fih'el ma yexdem udabu acemma nnid'en i wakken ad yefru uguren ay d-mazal âellqen. Xas ma yella imesnilsiyen (linguistes) d yimassanen ay d-yerran lwelha-nsen gher temsalt n tutlayin tines'liyin la d-ttmeslayen u la d-ssumuren (proposer) iberdan ara yefrun ugur-agi, adabu akamruni yettban-agh-d dakken yefr'eh' s tegnit i deg tella tmurt ass-a deg wennar n tutlayin. Yugh lh'al, ayen ara ixeddem udabu, la t-ixeddem kan i teswiât mebla ma iwala gher lbeâd.\nI wakken ad teg Cameroun tasetit n tutlayt yelhan, yessefk fell-as ad tesselmed igerdan s tutlayt-nsen tayemmat deg yiseggasen-nsen imezwura n welmad, sakkin, ad asen-tesselmed tutlayin tuns'ibin (officielles - taglizit akk d tefr'ensist). Maca, i wakken ad terbeh' tsertit-agi, yessefk ad tettwaxdem ghef leh'sab n ttawil yellan, u cwit', cwit' kan, ladgha di tmiwa n tmurt, berr'a i temdinin, anda igerdan ssnen kan tutlayin-nsen tines'liyin. Dgha, tutlayin tines'liyin n yal tama ad ttusqedcent i uselmed u tent-snernin deg yeswiren (niveaux) yemgerraden. Yernu, mi ara tennerni kra n tutlayt, tezmer ad tughal d nettat ay d tutlayt n uselmed n temnad't merr'a. Anabad' (lh'ukuma), iseqquma az'iyanen (régionaux), yiseqquma n tutlayt d yemdanen iqeddcen ghef tutlayt yessefk ad gen ifadden i yinelmaden i wakken maci ala d taglizit d tefr'ensist wanag ula d tutlayin tines'liyin, yernu yessefk ad yettwaxdem waya deg wakk timiwa n tmurt.\nMaca taswiât-a, tamsalt n tutlayt mazal werâad tefri di tmurt n Cameroun anda amur ameqran seg yimezdaghen "ur neghri ara" ttwaâezlen imi ur ssinen tafr'ensist wala taglizit. Nnig waya, imi igerdan ur a lemmden ara s tutlayt-nsen tayemmat, at'as n yigerdan ur a nrebbeh' ara di tezrawin-nsen (leqraya), acku seââun uguren akk d teglizit d tefr'ensist, u di tgara, xas ma yella adabu yebgha ad yesselh'u tamurt s snat tutlayin tuns'ibin u yebgha ad yeâdel gar-asent, ur yessawed' ara, yernu yessefk ad yefru uguren yerzan aya imi ay yella wemgerrad (conflit) ger wid yessawalen tafr'ensist d wid yessawalen taglizit, yernu aya yezmer ad yessiwed' gher bedd'u n tmurt. Ghef waya, yessefk ghef Cameroun ad tâawed tamughli deg tikli ay d-tewwi di tsertit-is n tutlayin u ad teg ayen yessefken s tidet i wakken ad ten-tefru.\nChumbow, Sammy Beban (1996): "The Role of National Languages within a Comprehensive Language Policy for Cameroon". Academic Discourse presented at the University of Buea.\nNgijol, Pierre (1964): "Nécessité d'une langue nationale". ABBIA No. 7: 83-99.\nNjeck, Alice Forsab (1992): Official Bilingualism in the University of Yaounde : Some Educational and Social Issues. Mémoire de Maîtrise, Université de Yaoundé.\nTadadjeu, Maurice (1975): "Language Planning in Cameroon: Towards a Trilingual Education System". In: Herbert, Robert K. (ed.): Patterns in Language, Culture and Society: Sub-Saharan Africa. Colombus, Ohio: 53-75. (= Working Papers in Linguistics 19).\nTambi, Jot (1973): Received Language Bilingualism in Cameroon: A Study of Functions and Attitudes. Mémoire du DES, Université de Yaoundé.\nTodd, Loreto (1983): "Language Options for Education in a Multilingual Society: Cameroon". In: Kennedy, Chris (ed): Language Planning and Language Education. London: 160-171.\nYettwakkes-d umagrad-agi si Linguistik online 18, 1/04\nTasuqilt sghur Omar Mouffok\nGhret daghen :\nTabrat n Yimedyazen : Utt'un 8 : tutlayt di Kirgizistan, imenghi n tkirgizit di tmurt-is\nTabrat n Yimedyazen : Utt'un 10 : tughalin gher tutlayt takikuyut\n<<< Qqel γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 15 Ddu γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 17 >>>


Q=6	C=6	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=3	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=27	G1=7	G2=1	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Yiwen umasiḥi issargagi ten - Tamurt\nVous Êtes Ici: Accueil → Yiwen umasiḥi issargagi ten\nMack Ait-Aoudia 27 août 2016 2 Commentaires amasihi, asghan\nMas Sliman Buhafs d Aqvayli n at Wartilan. D amasiḥi am netta am Imasiḥiyen ak n umaḍal. Yumen s wawal n Âisa, iqqar tibibelt u ittqadar ilugan d wansayen n usγan amasiḥi. Ur ẓriγ ara ma d amisiḥi aqvur neγ yudef tagara yagi an netta am twinnas n Iqvayliyen ifernen asγan amasiḥi. Maca ama d aqvur ama d amaynut, imi ifren avrid-is ulayγer as yinni yiwen tihin tagi. Myal yiwen iṭṭef avrid is-ilaq-en, myal yiwen idder tudart akken teffeγ fell-as. Tudart am uẓekka, myal yiwen s yiwen-is.\nMas Buhafs, tikwal ittaru akka sya-u-sya γef usγan ines d wayen ak itezzin γef usγan s umata. Di tira ines, illa wayen iḥulfa, d tmuγliwin ines γef usγan amasiḥi d tneslemt. Tineslemt imi macci d asγan ines ikkat deg-s u tikwal issiγzif afus di tyita. Maca akken ivγu yilli, ilha neγ dir-it wayen yura, d tilelli ines. Imi di teqvaylit tella d tidett tlelli yagi n tmuγli, innum iqqar-ed ayen illan γef ul-is. Maca netta win idren gar wAâraven d Inselmen tettwarez tlelli ines. Ar Inselmen, tiyita deg usγan nsen macci d avrid u ugin-tt.\nD aya i γef ittwaḥves, iâedda di teγdemt. Ṣṣemken-as s 5 iseggasen kan akken ur yuklal. Maca di tmurt n Llezzayer tamurḍust, yiwen wasγan kan i illan: tineslemt. Ayen nniḍen ittwagdel. Necfa ak amek ittṣeggiden Imasiḥiyen nniḍen di tmurt n Iqvayliyen di remḍan. Neγ amek iten ṭṭafaren ar teglizin nsen almi uγalen s tufra ittẓallan. Akka i d tamurt icca uziḍuḍ ur neẓri ansi d-kka neγ sani itetteddu. D tamendaṛt gar tmura.\nMa d mass Sliman Buhafs ad yuγal ad iqazzem zzujj n teγdemt tamesvaṭlit ass n 30 di γuct. Assmi i teṭṭfen wwin-t imiren imiren xeḍḍant amzun yukar neγ inγa. Ur tejjin ad iḥud γef yiman is ur tejjin ad i=ṭtef avugaṭu. Akka ihi netta iman-is issargagi ten. Ḥaren amek ara as-ddun d wamek ara ddun i wayen ur ssawḍen ad t-ṛvun, ad t-mḥun: taqvaylit d tarwa-s. Ma d Sliman, urzen-t neγ sserḥen-as-d, ul-is d liman ines ur ten ttawḍen ara.\nmuhend 27 août 2016 à 14 h 21 min & middot; Modifier\nDayas iγ iwulem uwanak Aqvayli, ad iger laεnaya, akk γaf ugdud, akken yevγu yili wesγan n wemdan, a t-yeg gar-as d vav-is, ur yettḍuru yara timetti s tesnakta-s tusγant, tilaq ad tili daγen taγzent=critique, iwakken a d-ifrir tidett deg wayen ttgen ineflasen.\nMack Ait-Aoudia 27 août 2016 à 18 h 53 min & middot; Modifier\nazul a Muhand,\nD tidett ayen d-nnid. simmal ur nesâi tamurt, mazal a nemmendar…


Q=6	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=6	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=12	G1=10	G2=4	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=:: YUBA == Tameddurt ::\nIlul Yuba gh Dcheira, yat tmedint mezzîyen illan gh tama n Agadir. Ghin nit agh izzri mezzîy nnes. Lligh n imqqur s imik, ittut zund kigan n ayt tmazirt ns s usurs amazdar n idels nnes, idels amazigh. Mkan af yusi afrak ar isiggil man tigharasin as rad yaws gh ussfrek ns, immagh f tussna tunsîbt s uggug ad amezwaru n tmagit tanamurt n Merruk. Issnti ar ittara amarg s tmazight afa d imel tayri ns i idels ad, urta iga azêmmazl ns izwarn gh ubaraz n uzawan.\nIfels mas iga uzawan yan imis isugren gh ubrid n tamaght, isnti ar ikkit idinanen n tgitart yawes gh tlalit n yat trabbut n umarg. Mqqar fellasn tqqen tenbâdt abrid n isuyas, ighi Yuba ad isker mennaw imddrzen gh kigan d temdinin n Merruk ississan anaw n umarg nnes ger tugget n imarayen n umarg amazigh. Azawan ns ard ittagwm gh idles ns azayku, gh usala ns idran, mac Yuba ihâbbl tarmiwin n wiyyâd, ihîyl i inmuggar d idlesan n umadâl. Snat tsffifin lli d idî Yuba ar mmalant tafssa ns f ad isflujju amarg issackid iwaliwn isnmili azawan.\nGh 2000, tasffift ns izwarn tawargit lli yura, iga s tiyyet, yirirt tssen agharas s ulawen ggutnin gh Merruk. Gh 2005 issufghd tis snat ngr Merruk d Uliman ig as Itran Azal nttat agh isatig imasn iqburn n darsn zund lutar, ahjhuj, amzâd (rribab), ganga, tallunt, tiqerqawin, nnaqus d wiyyâd. Asml Tudert ad imla yagh yan Yuba yadênin, Yuba izêdârn ad if tudert yadênin i imasn imazighn imzwura, amzâd ngh rribab lli ilan aghar yan udinan, iggammi ad lli an izri igran n Sus, igwdl f imzgan ur isslflidn i tamazight. Yuba imla rribab i willi t ur issen, tasffift igwran n Yuba tga tamghra ngr imassn n idels amazigh d imasn n umadâl. S tugga n mnnaw infran, amarg n umdyazn ngh aàzri ikkisd amarg amazigh n rways d win uhêwac gh tfulklurit d tatut isles as timlsit tamaynut igt d isli ngr izawann n wiyyâd.\nAsml urt igi ikter s taghlaghat n tagnawit, amarg n tgnawit yusin tabrat urd tagnawit aghar i tgnawit, gh wanaw ad gh uzawan Yuba issimghur willi izzîdêrn i tissumga « isggurad ufgan tissumga, idîd assudn ufus d ays ntbndaq, d ays nttini sidi mqart ur igi ».\nIgwdel usmmati © 2005 - 2009 Yuba


Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=0	G1=0	G2=0	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Yeffeɣ-d ass n : Asinas, 07 Yulyu 2020 17:30 Ɣran-t : 2 n tikkal\nMi yefka lameṛ i ubeddu n yiwet n tḥemla taɣelnawt n usefrey ɣef tɣellist tabridant deg Uzumbi Awlal (taɣiwant n Muḥemmadeyya), iwekked-d unemhal n tɣellist taɣelnawt dakken imeẓla n tɣellist tanagdudt yessefk ad d-afen tifratin deg unrar yernu ad zerwen ssebbat n « tremɣa n ubrid » d tmerniwt war abdad n umḍan n wid yettmettaten deg yisehwa n ubrid.\nUla ma awanak yefka aṭas n wammaken i tɣellist taɣelnawt d teɣbula tilsanin, agmuḍ mazal ixuṣṣ deg unrar-a, ɣef wakken ay d-yesḥassef, ladɣa imi, deffir 20 n yiseggasen n umahil, mazal irennu umḍan n teɣtas n yisehwa n ubrid.\n« Tifrat ur teqqin ara kan ɣer tigawt n temsulta, wanag yessefk ad ttekkin daɣ yicriken am yiɣerbazen n tenhaṛt, imeẓla ay d-yelhan s tegnit n yibriden, uguren itwilanen n yimseddayen d tegnit n unehhaṛ », am wakken ay yessefk ad d-lhun daɣ s yimetwiyen n uzlay, ɣef wakken ay d-yerna.\nDeg wayen yerzan taddadanin tiwalanin n yimeẓla n tɣellist tanagdudt, yenna-d dakken ikamyunen n umesni n yilzazen d tuccḍa n umdan d nitni ay d ssebbat timezwura akk n yisehwa n ubrid, yernu iwekked-d dakken imeẓla n tɣellist « yessefk ad selḍen ssebbat-a yernu ad d-lhun s usefqed n teṛmisin n umesni n yilzazen akken ad tḥeqqen dakken yettwaqader uzmam n tewtilin ara iḍemnen ama d taɣellist n unehhaṛ, ama d tin n umsebrid ».\nLast modified on Akwas, 09 Yulyu 2020 11:33\ntaremɣa n ubrid\nYeffeɣ-d ass n : Asinas, 07 Yulyu 2020 17:30 Taggayt : TIMETTI Ɣran-t : 2 n tikkal Bḍu


Q=6	C=6	SS=1	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=10	G0=55	G1=4	G2=0	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Sujet: Matoub Lounes Mar 22 Juin - 0:25\nMatoub Lounes :Ziɣ tegguni tmettant!\nAy ahlil‑i ay aḥlil‑i\nXas ɣeḍren ccqan‑iyi\nTirṣasin cergent tignawt. Taswiɛt tenugddem, ziɣ tamattent tegguni deg ubrid n At Dwala. Ulac innigan. Wid yundin ticerkett qussen‑tt ur zgilen ara tadla ‑nsen. Issaggaden n tafat neqḍen itri i d‑yekkan nnig yitran. Igenni n tmurt n leqbayel yembawel , yetti, yefla ḥuzzent iɣissan si yal tama. Isax wakal n lḥeṛma, yeftutes ublad n yiseɣ, yulwaz useklu n leḥlu. Ziɣ tammettant teggunit deg ubrid n At Dwala!\nMa sefreɣ ɣef ayen id aɣ yuɣen\nTudgi s ljiha‑w tefna\nIdurar nedhen yissen\nṢṣut‑iw anwa ur as nesla ara\nXas akka kkawen ifaden\nZrɛeɣ awal yennerna\nTasusmi tɛejjer deg umkan. Tuɣumar n talwit sburent ɛadil n lxuf. Lbaɣa tesgguggem imawen n Yeqbayliyen. Idurar neɣwasen, iɣeẓran qquren, aɣurar n war tudert inecded iman‑is. Selaw yiffer n wassen‑nni. Tacmet tafat n yunyu deg tallit‑nni. Yekrrez unyir n lferḥ yuɣal ureqraq yemekteyed iselwan. Ziɣ Lmut tegguni deg ubrid n At Dwala.\nYettuleqem lbaṭel usɛib\nFellaɣ yuɣal yenerna\nYefɣ‑d seg yimmi n uḥbib\nNeɣ aɛdew mi d‑yestufa\nImi tidet teskidib\nMa ad amneɣ allen iw tura?\nAkkin imyurar kecmen s annar. Imdanen ttsuɣun sljehd n tuɣac ‑nsen , ccenun cnawi ur nettdum asmih. Leḥmala n wedrim deg ul, aten‑a wejden i lfetna di reḥba n wurar. Dabbex iccereg tignaw. Allen defrent s wallen. Iswi inuda yufa‑t. Tiɣwisin xebcent di tsusmi. Lɛez ur nezdi i umdan lqed, inecded iman‑is. Tikwal rbeḥ yettli‑d deg iḍaren!\nLẓẓayer tehlek tuḍḍen\nD aṭan ur nettdawi ṭbib\nD afwad‑is i yettwaɣen\nLa qqazen deg‑s am ṣḍid\nTizi wezu tamedit n wass tekker i lfetna. Ilmeẓyen urif deg ul, lefqɛa ɣef udem , iɛawzen deg iffasen sufɣen‑d zɛaf ‑nsen d kra i d‑mugren. Ijujah n tmerɣiwt rnan i tebrek tebrek. Lemwaji n lemḥan sbaben ɣef twaɣit tiwuɣa. Iragen n txattarin rna i lfewar n lhem lehmum. Tizi yenquqel, yegrawel yixef‑is. Anfiḍ n tzumana yudem ɣef akal. Idim ur nekkew yesenteq anza. Anza yasawel i kra yellan d anza, cwal yuzzel deg iberdan‑is. Ma d tamattant ziɣ deg ubrid n At Dwala i teguni .\nI uzekka wissen\nNniɣ‑d ayen ẓriɣ\nD wayen ttwaliɣ\nCcfu‑t di targa ma ɣliɣ\nD anza‑w awen d‑yesiwlen\nDeg unar temɣra tettkemil. Tugdi d cekk ur aten yeksib ḥedd.. lbaraka tella deg wanuz. Lɛali iteddu d urifeg n ticcirt. Win yurgan yufa axalwal wi ccqa ṣbeḥ ma yuffat d ackal? Lɛez ur yennum d ukukru akka id qqaren. Ma d abrid yenjer i wid iḥamlen zhu n tallit.ziɣ di kra n tagnatin rbeḥ deg yiḍaren i yella\nTtadart‑a taddart ina\nDeg timsal ur cligen ara\nAcu iten iceɣben\nFergani ma ur ileɛab ara\nNeɣ mMenad acuɣer akk a\nTtun Ferḥat imula\nD terwa n cuhada\nRan‑ten d imcumen!\nAdrar yeddez s derz n yiḍaren ? Sya d sya ad yettfegid lɣaci. Izem i d‑rebben idurar yeɣli. Akkin ucanen sqibiɛen , wwḍen lmerɣub ‑nsen. Tetwhemeḍ a win ur nessin, tegugmeḍ a win ur nefhim, mi ɣeḍren lbaz deg afriwen‑is. Tawrirt Mussa tereɣraɣ s yemdanen. Ziɣ tammettent teguni‑t deg ubrid n At Dwala.\nAkken kan i d‑ texreɣ\nTecɛel times defr‑i\nD aɣrib waqila ara mmteɣ\nTemṭelt‑iw di lbarani\nA yemma yisem i nedheɣ\nAnar tura yefreɣ. Iswi inuda wa akked d wihin yewwed ɣer lmerɣub. Tizlatin yesɣunfuyen ccna numrent ṣwab d lmaɛqul. Arrac ttazalen deg zenqen ddan d ṣda n tjawaqin n tkṛeyas. Ajawaq n sebɛa n tefla kecment ijaniwen, yettṣefir ayen ur yefhim , ziɣ d baba‑ɣayu wukkud yettwenes. Iɣmisen nedhen s lɛez i d yenulfan. Idurar wahmen acu akka i d‑yenulfan . Ziɣ di kra n tagnatin rbeḥ yettili deg iḍaren.\nTargit ‑nsen d leftna\nTabratt id‑aɣ d isnebhen\nDeg aḍḍu n leqrun i d tedda\nAwidak id yeqqimen\nKkset afrag i walen‑nwen\nAd twalim anwi i‑ iḍewren\nD atmaten neɣ d at lexla\nZzin yemdanen ɣer wansi i d‑ kkan. Teqqim Tawrirt n Mussa ger irebbi n lwaḥc ma d tasa n tyamett yuzzen nettat tceleḥ. Akkin isɣan nḍen i tignawt. Ayen akken urǧen d lesnin aya wwḍen ɣur‑s. Uɣalen yemdanen ɣer wansi i d‑kkan, yal wa ddehca i d‑yewwi akkid‑s, yal wa leḥzen i t‑id irufqen. Yal wa lḥir i‑ittzehiren deg imezuɣen‑is. Ɛani laɛanya n wadrar tensa? Ɛani irgazen at nnif kfan? Ɛani at rebbi hujren tamurt? Ɛni lawliya ɣaben caxxen? Ziɣ deg ubrid n At Dwala i d tegguni tmattant.\nFerḥat awal me yefri‑t\nI d‑ yenna d tidet yeṣfan\nImesdurar n twaɣit\nAy arrac n tmurt akkit\nUr ttilit d‑ imuknawen\nIfuk wahruḥu deg yiberden. Wid isekṛen s waḍdu ur netthuz turin d wid yenwan dwa deg iɣilifen.Tfuk tezla deg yiberden. Wid yezhen s targit qawsas d wid yenwan qeḍren ad ikkes fad. Kfant tizlatin ur nettdum tallit, wid iceḍḥen i zhir n ddker d wind yenwan yella lfeṛḥ deg tamṭalt. Tekfa tikli s waddud imi yuɣal rbeḥ ɣer iḍaren deg allaɣ teḥbes tcacit. Ziɣ lmut tejemɛa wid ilaqen tessedram wid medlulen.\nXas ḥẹrni rebɛa leḥyuḍ\nXas lfinga ad tettwaliɣ\nXas lhif ayi‑d iṣṣuḍ\nMa nnan‑iyi sani t‑tteduḍ\nAsen iniɣ nekk d amaziɣ!\n» L'Assassinat de Lounès Matoub (1998)


Q=4	C=0	SS=0	LS=4	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=4	G0=7	G1=5	G2=4	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=You are at:Home»Ansayen»Axxam n Leqbayel\nBy Tansa n Talsa on\t 7 août 2016 Ansayen\nAxxam n taddart zik ur yemgarad ɣef win n temnaḍin nniḍen di tmurt n Leqbayel. Lebni-ines yettili-d s wedɣaɣ neɣ s wesɣar akk d wakal, tasga-s ttjeddiren-tt s tumlilt, tiɣerɣert-ines sellɣen-tt s texmirt (xeddmen-tt s ibelɣiɣen n ubeqri, alim akk d waman, tettuɣal am ubeɣli). Yal axxam yesɛa afrag, asqif, tazeqqa n usewwi akk d txerraǧit.\nAfrag : Lqaɛa-ines d tiblaḍin myuṭṭaɛent ta deffir ta, deg-s ad naf tigrurin n tyuzaḍ akk d tid n yewtal… Deg-s daɣen i tturaren igerdan n wexxam.\nAsqif : deg-s tella tesrirt n yiɣimi, deg-s ay ttɣiman yergazen mi ara tili lḥaǧa deg wexxam, am ticki ara d-terbu tmeṭṭut, neɣ mi ara tili lmut n uɛeggal n wexxam, irgazen ara iɛezzren ttɣiman dinna…\nTazeqqa n usewwi : deg-s lkanun, adebder, tikwatin, tga am tenwalt. Dinna i tsewway tmeṭṭut aɣrum aquran, d wayen akk yellan d ccyaḍ… ttḥadarent leḥwal n wexxam akken ur ttamsen ara.\nTaxerraǧit : d yiwet n tewwurt tamecṭuḥt tessufuɣ ar seddaw wexxam, win d-teḥres tnefsit-is akken ad yenɣel aman n tasa neɣ ayen nniḍen, ad yeffeɣ ar dinna. Syinna i tɛedda tzuliɣt (d targa tamectiṭuḥt n waman n tarda i d-yeffɣen si terkent n wexxam tṛuḥ lqaɛ n lḥiḍ, lhiḍ tanila n tewwurt taxerraǧit, ffɣen ar deffir wexxam).\nLlan daɣen wid yessalayen ijeddaren, wid ur nesɛi ara ttawil akken ad bnun s wedɣaɣ. Ajeddar ssalayent s yesɣaren izuranen neɣ s tqecrin, ad ten-ssentun deg wakal ta idis n tayeḍ, ad ten-cudden akk gar-asen s iseɣwan neɣ s tiɣelt, s warsus… Sdaxel-is a t-selɣen s tumlilt akken ad ffren iṭiṭucen yellan gar yesɣaren, tiɣerɣert-is ad tt-selɣen s texmirt.\nAxxam a t-id-naf yesɛa yiwet n tγessa am wexxam n leqbayel s umata. Ibedd s tgejda n wesɣar, lqermud-is ṭṭfen-t yejga (amalay : ajgu. (isulas (amalay : asalas)) akk d lluḥ n wesɣar n zzan isemmer wa deffir wa. Axxam si sdaxel, yebḍa s lqis yal taɣawsa deg wemkan-is. Degmi ara nekcem deg wemnar n tewwurt ad naf tarkent deg-s i ssiriden at wexxam am udmawen-nsen, dduzan-nsen… . Sufella-s tella iferca n tewwurt (asget-is : yefraci). Aẓeṭṭa isenned ar tesga d-iqublen tawwurt, ɣef yeffus d addaynin. Tiɣerɣert n waddaynin tṣubb ɣef tin n wexxam. Sufella n waddaynin tella tkanna. Ar tama tazelmaḍt, deffir tewwurt tella tsebbalt deg-s i taǧǧan aman n tissit. Yella daɣen srir. Di tlemmast n tɣerɣert yella lkanun, rrif-is llant snat n tesririn akka n wakka. Γef yeffus ad naf tikwatin ( amalay : takwat ) deg i taǧǧan tiɣawsiwin timecṭaḥ, sufella-nsent ay rsen ikufan ( amalay : akufi, unti : takufit ). Deg yiwet n teɣmert di tesga n wadda n wexxam yettili wecbayli n zzit ( asget icbuyla), di teɣmert nniḍen ad naf tres teqruct swayes ssendayen ayefki. Deg wejgu aferdis d tama n teqruct, iɛelleq-d dduḥ.\nΓef lqermud n wexxam, fettren ṭṭṛaḥi (amalay : ṭṭerḥa ) n tazart i yiṭij akken ad qqaren iniɣman.\nLaougab Bouridane on 9 août 2016 00:03\nyeɛǧeb-iyi nezzeh umagrad-agi, a s-tiniḍ beddeɣ zdat n wexxam-nneɣ yellan di tmurt. mmektaɣ-t-id tarkent tarkent, tardast tardast.\ndacu kan, ɣas ulamma d tidet mcuban yexxamen n leqbayel, walaɣ yella ahat wanda mxalafen,\nnekkni si lǧiha nat Ɛebbas nnig Weqbu, lǧiha n yiɣil Ɛli, nesɛa daɣen taɣurfet, i d-yezgan nnig wexxam (keccmen-as s daxel wexxam, ttalin ɣef tkeddanin)\nanda ssawayen ayen yettduxxunen d taxxamt lɛafya.\nma yella d taxerraǧit nekkni neqqar-as tazbuyt.\nur zriɣ ara ma tzemreḍ a ɣ-tadreḍ amek yebna sufella, bɣiɣ ad issinen ismawen isufar d tɣawsiwin yettwassexdamen di lebni -aseqqef, …\nTansa n Talsa on 10 août 2016 22:38\nAmagrad-agi imi turiɣ qqimeɣ sdat n wuxxam nekk d yiwet n temɣart.\nYal axxam si taddart ar tayeḍ yemgarad, d tidet.\nTella tɣurfet-agi, selleɣ d tadren-tt-id, waqila deg-s igannen imawlan ( les parents ) , tella daɣen teɛrict ( d takanna ɣur-neɣ ) maca di taddart -nneɣ ulac taɣurfet, neɣ ahat axxam iɣer kecmeɣ ur tt-yesɛi ara.\nTannemirt-ik ɣef wawal-agi ur ssineɣ ara akka « tazbuyt », taxaṛṛaǧit d awal d-yekkan si taɛrabt ( El-Maxreǧ ( issu, sortie ? ) .\nAxxam yettwabna s udɣaɣ d wakal, sdaxel ttjeddirent s texmiṛt. Sufella d lluḥ n zzan akked lqermud ( lqermud n wakur )\nLe3gab on 12 août 2016 15:58\nDi tizi taxerrajit qqaren-as tazulixt yekka ahat si azulix (amalus). tanemmirt


Q=10	C=9	SS=2	LS=1	PS=2	DC=0	LC=1	SD=0	BS=14	G0=52	G1=24	G2=7	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Berberse Verhalen In Het Tarifesht Voor De Echte Arifi! | Marokko Community | Marokkaanse Nieuws\nBerberse Verhalen In Het Tarifesht Voor De Echte Arifi!\nSamir 29 apr 2011\nYemsagar Masin deg wbrid i ytawyen ghar temzida n Dpar aked Buyreyzazen itari d zeg udcir n Imuruden. Ijj n uhenjir yemghar d azeyrar, yegdvar, aghembub nnes yiriw iqqurar am tziri, aqemmum rebda yarzvem, ireyzazen tnessasen d xef wancuc n wadday, tudumen as d x idmaren, ssuffan as arrudv axartvitv iqqarqcen s yinjan. Netta d aberpidv d aminun, d aqubbani. Irur d amenni d agmawi (naturel). Maca, s umengal, ghar ugensu nnes yennuffar din ijj n utarras yecna iqad ghar s ijj n wur yemghar, itexs marra yiwdan; rebda aqa dt isfarnin i yaryazen, isfarnin i temgharinâ€¦ Wenni i ked gh ad yemsagar ad dt yesseqsa x yemma s d baba s d yaytma s d yesma s.\nUmi i dt id yiwedv Masin, u netta yeggÃ»r itmudjugh am cfar, iragha dt id:\nÂ«Massin nnegh!, a Massin nnegh! Raja yi a wma raja yi!Â».\nIbedd ad dt iraja, deg wakud d ijj yarra xaf s:\nÂ«Waxxa a tawmat aqqa yi trajigh cek, maca tag axmi tefsused!Â».\nÂ«Mani teggÃ»red? Ma ghar temzida nigh ghar Kebdani?Â».\nÂ«GhÃ»regh ghar Kebdani!Â»\nÂ«Maca necc ggÃ»regh ghar temzida wapa!Â»\nÂ«Waxxa a wma ad nmun ar tamzida wapa!Â»\nIssigh as fus i Massin, issigh as wa fus, uca issemda (continuer) Buyreyzazen awar nnes:\nÂ«Mammec dedjid a Massin? I yemma c mammec tedja?Â»\nInna s Massin:\nÂ«Marra aqa negh panet, netqada arebbi!Â».\nImun akid s s ughir. Tugha dt yeggÃ»r ad yensver (vomir). Imsafadv akid s ghar temzida, yedji dt ad idvfar abrid nnes ghar Kebdani, netta yezri x uzvermadv huma ad yarzu x imeddukar nnes. Maca war yufi ura d ijjen ghar temzida. Zi ssin yemmutti ghar tsirt i dt yudsen s ca n imitrawen. Umi yargeb x teghmart nnes yufa din sin n imeddukar nnes. Yur anect n Massin di tiddi d tasut (Ã¢ge), ghar s ca n 16 n iseggusa, acewwaf nnes d abarcan, tittvawin amenni. Tiddi d tanelmast, war yedji d aqudvadv ura d azirar. Izri d amezvyan xaf sen, d aqudvadv xaf sen, acewwaf nnes d awragh, tittvawin d tizeyzawin.\nMparraden xef tcamma d min tegga tsedvma n Lmughrib di â€œMexicoâ€ aked usulef (Ã l'occasion) n ufensas n umadval (la coupe du monde) n tcamma n udvar n 1986 umi tarna tenni n Burdqiz s kradv ghar yijjen. Zi ssin d usawen msawaren x ifilmawen s yinni n Lpind d yinni n karati. Amenni qqimen iij ikessi, ijj isrusa ar ami i d yusa Sifaw mmi s n Muh zi Kebdani. Netta yujar Massin s yijj n useggÃ»s, izzuggar xaf s, acewwaf ibbarcen, yudrus.\nUmi d ghar sen yiwedv, yarzva sen aparred nsen umi d iragha i Massin:\nÂ«Yallep a Massin ad negg ict n tsarit aked webrid itawyen ghar wedcir n Ibuzegguten. Xminni gh ad nawedv ghar taddart n Karamas, uca ad nezri yabrid ssin ghar wedcir nnegh!Â».\nWar yermis rexdenni iswi (but) n Sifaw zi tsarit i gh ad kid s yegg xef taddart n Karams. D wa d amentil (cause) i dt yejjin ad dt yesseqsa:\nÂ«Waxxa ad kid c rahegh, maca xsegh ad ayi tinid min din gh ad negg di tfuct a? Twarid yac nzvum, necc anegh inu yuzegh s fad, fesyegh war zemmaregh ad uyÃ»regh!Â»\nÂ«Yallep uca, mani tedja tfuct a da yedjan, necc uryegh d day s zi Kebnani, u cek tegwded tet amen teqqimed di tiri. Mayen din gh ad negg war d ac teqqaregh ca ar din gh ad nawedv ad tessned mayemmiÂ».\nMsafadven aked UyÃ»r d Ziri, ttvfen abrid ghar Ibuzegguten. Tfuct teccat asen s tvya deg udmawen nsen. Taneghda n ucar ttari d akid sen, nga (bonne odeur) , jjawi iteffegh d zi tewwura d rekwazi n tudrin. Yiwi dt id wadvu yefsusen ghar wanzaren nsen. Ssentan iwdan di tgharsit i yidv azamur. Ijj igharres i wyazvidv, wennedvnit i wqenenni. Sqarqcen marra izuray d timawin n yibriden d zzat i tewwura s idammen. Munen d yitvan d imuccwen xef ixaremzan nsen huma ad ten djghen. Izu d xaf sen yijj n weqzin, sqaden as ca n imesdawen, iwyen war twirin abrid. Irdven d ihenjiren imezvyanen arrudv am isran d tesratin. Ca izvum, ca yarna dt arremdvan izvum ha yazyen n wass wapa.\nYudar Massin ghar ca n ihenjiren d awmaten ggin fus deg wfus, awtem d tawtemt, yisi d tahenjirt nni tamezvyant yetvfi t xef ughir nnes, yesseqsa t:\nÂ«Mammec d am qqaren a tigheydet n wezghar?Â»\nInna s i uhenjir:\nÂ«I cek a yaryaz mammec ad ac qqaren?Â»\nÂ«Qqarn ayi HemmitÂ»\nÂ«Tzvummed nigh rid amenni?Â»\nÂ«I cem a Fettvuma tzvummed nigh yarna cem uca teccid?Â»\nTeqqim mghar txezzvar day s s tittvawin nnes timezvyanin itissiqen. Maca Hemmit yarr d xaf s deg Ã»raq nnes:\nÂ«Tzvum s adu teghmest!Â»\nJjin ihenjiren nni, dvfaren nitni abrid nsen, iwdven ghar taddart n Kramas. Bedden awarn as, arendad nnes din ict n taddart d tacemratc, tugha din kradv n thenjirin qqiment xef tnebdat n tewwart, irdvent arrudv atrar (moderne). Yessenta Sifaw ijeooar day sent, inna s i Massin:\nÂ«Xzvar i wazvri dipa xzvar, a Massin!Â»\nIrmes rexxu Massin iswi i yejjin Sifaw ad d yass ghar uraq a. Ixzvar ura d netta, icmez awarni i wmezzugh s udvadv, inna s i Sifaw:\nÂ«Wap d tidett cnant! Areqqent s wazvri am tvya n tziri!Â»\nÂ«Tesseqsid ayi adjinna mayemmi gh ad negg tsarit a, aqqa c mayemmi ad neswedv deg Ã»zvri!Â».\nÂ«Iwa d azvri! Xsegh ad cek sseqsigh, mammec i d asent qqaren?Â»\nÂ«Twarid tin tameqrant yeqqimen x ufusi qqaren as Tiziri, u tin i yeqqimen deg wlmas qqaren as Traytmass; nettat d atamezvyant nsent, u tin dipa yeqqimen x uzvermadv qqaren as TirelliÂ».\nÂ«Man ten ghar yuyer ur nnec?Â»\nYesmutti rxezvrat nnes zi ghar sent ghar s, yarra xaf s u yenna deg ur nnes:\nÂ«War zmiregh ad ac inigh!Â»\nÂ«War ttiri ha d Tiziri, tameqrant nsent m wazvri yacedvbi!Â»\nÂ«Ad tagh ad tiri d nettat, ad tagh war ttiri, manaya ssnegh dt nec wapaÂ»\nXzvarent id ghar sen. Tesfarnen d ghar sen Tiziri. Ssentant tedvsvant s kradv idsent. Maca nitni war ssinen ma tedvsvant id akid sen nigh tedvsvant id xaf sen, umi yufa yamenni Massin, iragha tent:\nÂ«Mammec tedjant a tinewwacin inu?Â»\nArrint id xaf s s yict n tadvsva (rire) temghar, arrin as d idurar, issiwer ghar sent Sifaw inna sent:\nÂ«A mi kennint yughin ttedvsvant? Ma teswint aman n udvir nigh? Ini ayi a Tiziri mermi i gh ad nmun?Â»\nArnint di tadvsva. Tessiwer d Tirelli di twara tamezwarut, tarzvem d ajeqmim uca tessenta ttekkÃ»r iten:\nÂ«Tvebgem ghar yemmat wem, ad teccem ixf nwem a yitvan!Â».\nZi ssin tekkar d zeg Ã»raq nnes, tesmun d ca n yezvra deg wfus nnes, tzarf iten d s yijjen, maca war ghar sen d yiwidv, temzaryadv d kid s Tiziri teks as izvra nni zeg wfus uca tzawar it:\nÂ«Min d am ggin umi ten tzarrfed s yezvra a yedji s n unuri!? Wellep huma nnigh as dt i yemmaÂ».\nÂ«D nitni i d anegh ipekkwren, tesrid min d anegh d nnan?Â».\nÂ«Qimâ€¦ qim mana apwar i cem pekkwren, cem tetten cem ifassen nnem attvas, nitni qa war nnin waluÂ»\nInna sent Massin:\nÂ«Jj it ad tzawar! Waxxa day m a Tirelli a tyazvidvt n waman, ar gh ad tsvÃ»rd deg wfus inu uca ad am ssecnegh izvra zi d anegh gh ad teccated, imara war d am kkisegh fus nni zi d anegh d tazarfed a tcuntet!Â».\nDvfaren abrid nsen ghar wedcir nsen, xtuttren deg ict n txuxxect. Tfuct targeb awarni wedcir, war tejji ha tezwegh nnes sennej i ydurar n Sidi Mesoud. Nitni dvfaren awar nsen xef yessi s n Mimun. Ipard as Sifaw i Massin x Tiziri idja yessen di Tvanja ura d netta tugha dt yeqqar dinni deg wseggÃ»s a yeodun. Bedden umi d udsen ghar tewwart n taddart n Sifaw, yenna s Sifaw i Massin:\nÂ«War d ac ssiwregh ca oad x yict n wetcmat sent aqqa t oad di Tvanja tecna yattvas, ma tessned nigh ya yazvri i d as yuca arebbi war dt yuci ura i yict!Â»\nYesseqsa dt Massin:\nÂ«I mammec i d as qqaren?Â»\nÂ«Qqaren as NunjaÂ»\nÂ«Ad d tass ghar unebdu ya nigh?Â»\nÂ«Ad d tass wap, ad ac inigh ass n tafaska (fÃªte) tamezvyant ad tiri daÂ».\nÂ«Mechar ghar s di tasut nnes?Â»\nÂ«Ad d tass anect nnec ammu nigh.. cek mechar ghar k n iseggusa?Â»\nIskef Massin tazwut uca yenna s:\nÂ«Xsegh ad t zvaregh!Â»\nIks as Sifaw awar zeg wqemmum huma ad as yini:\nÂ«Ar ass n tafaska mara yexs arebbi uca ad tet zvaregh. Balak ad d tass zzat i tfaskaÂ».\nÂ«Waxxa mar neddarÂ».\nYemmunsu Massin aked rwacun nnes s arrfis n trid aked uyazvidv. Yemmutii ghar temzida huma ad izzadj. Yufa t teccÃ»r s tzewdviwin yuffsen s seysu d iyesman s yinni n iyazvidven d yinni n ifunasen d yinni n wacraren, i d yiwyen kid sen imezzidja. Yufa din abarru n imeddukar nnes amecnaw Sifaw, Yur, Izri, Tuttu, AsekkÃ»râ€¦ Ccin swin zudjen, uca ffghen d ghar barra, qqimen aked ughezdis n tewwart n temzida, ssentan temparraden xef yidv azamur d min day s itemsaren. Issiwer Tutu inna d deg Ã»war nnes:\nÂ«Ghar tmeddit tnufsuren d day s jnun, ayyaw ayyaw d wenni ked gh ad msagaren ad zay s mmunswen!Â».\nMassin tettvf idt id tiwdi, yuca aked ucewwaf nnes ibedd, ur nnes ineddu s tazzra, awarni yijj n useghdi d amezvyan yenna sen Sifaw:\nÂ«Qqaren is idv tnurzvum day s tewwart n ujenna, u xminni tnurzvum min mma tettared zi Arebbi ad ac dt yuc, u necc ghar i min zzay s gh ad ttaregh, ijj n wedrar n wedrim, d ict n taddart temghar, d ict n ttvunubil Mirsidis mudvil aneggar, d ict n thenjirt tareqq s wazvri ad t ggegh d tamghart inuÂ».\nDvsvan marra yidsen, arrin asen d idurar, nceqdven yitvan kkaren d ad zun.\nKsen awar jar asen ad qqimen ad rajan tawwart n ujenna ad tennÃ»rzvem, dvfaren awar nsen, yisi Massin tittvawin nnes ghar ujenna yebbarcnen, yeqqim ixezzvar deg itran itriqriqen di tadjest ihedqen. Isala aparred, yessenta useghdi, teqqim ha tazut n yitvan zeg Ã»raq in d win zi twarat ghar tennedvnit, d ushundart n yeghyar zi taddart in ghar tin, d ujvawi n iqarqriwen i d itarryen zeg ighzvar n Uriri.\nYiwi ten unudem, qqnent tittvawin, yarna ten yidves, msafadven, ddun ad adfen ghar tudrin n imawlen nsen huma ad tvsven mebra ma ad zvaren tawwart n ujenna tnurzvum!\nWie wil deze inspreken voor mij?\nik heb ook grappige verhalen in het berbers heb ik net gekregen van een vriendin..\ninam togha dini ijen wayaz temghath nes togha tsen sejireth, ocha neta agasen dyadef ijen ochefar, inasen : yallah kam seni nigh akeniw nghegh snayen.\nirou7 n3am asidi gha tamghat amezwar ise9sat: shem mash dam 9an? tanas : nesh 9anayi ZOUBIDA, ocha yenas ochafar: hmm jammer nesh wazemagh ashem nghegh porki gham isem am yema ino, yejit ocha irou7 gha wayaz inas: shek mash dash 9an awlidi? inas wayaz: nesh 9anayi Mohammed masha mara traghanayi Zoubida\ninem togha ijen bnadem rebda ita7 gha afaran ocha itse9sath: ghak shan 1000 brood awma? i9aras weni: wollah wayeji cha,\nvolgende dag: ya39ebd ghas ise9sath: inhara ghak cha n 1000 brood, i9aras wani: wollah 3awed wayeji sha.\nvolgende dag: ya39ebd ghas ise9sath: inhara ghak cha n 1000 brood, i9aras wani: wollah 3awed wayeji sha, ocha irou7 i3ermasen igedamen 7oma adeswejden ijan 1000 brood porki 100% adye39eb weni 3awed,\nvolgende dag yosed weni 3awed inas: ewa ghak shan 100 brood nhara? inas: awah mojoud adefd gha dager, yared gas bnadem ni: ewa wigash gha yesghen brood ni\nNikh wanita deze is ook leuk\ninam wanita ijen siyed korma gha yemer9a ik ijen omedouker nes itafith itkiyef 2 sigaretten gijouma, ocha neta ise9sath: yak labas, mayemi 2 sigaretten, ichten ichten 7sen, ocha nata agas dyar: ewa ishten ino, ishten iwma yejan di re7bes.\nrou7 rou7 ijenha yemer9a kis 3awed ocha yofith itkiyef ijan sigaretje waha ocha yenas: mebrouk gak, omach yefeghd zi re7bes, ocha neta agas dyar: ala asa7bi nesh i9ed3en garo waha\nijen 3 imedokar togha safan di tiyara, ikar ijen zaysen yazo adyeg atay ocha yofa ne3ne3 walo, ikan ijen zaysen isij zi rkazi ocha ibanasd koshi groen swaday, ocha yese9sa omekoudar nes: manis wanita igha ira7en adanegh dyawi ne3ne3, ikar ijen yendo ocha yemouth, ndend gas youdan dini,\nisba shwayt osha yesij ijen 3awed ocha yetwara dini yewdan atas swaday, inas iwmedouker nes: asabi neshin nesekith adyawi ne3ne3 neta a9a yeznouzath


Q=9	C=9	SS=9	LS=0	PS=9	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=8	G1=4	G2=2	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=« Tirelli‑Twattun » ḥeyḥen di Mataró. | Le RIFAIN\n« Tirelli‑Twattun » ḥeyḥen di Mataró.\nUrar « Ncnin » d ijj n ugraw adelsan teggi-t tmesmunt Clack s uswizi ag ômnium Cultural Mataró. D ijjet n tezmert d taṣebḥant s waṭṭaṣ terra-dd cwayt n buḥbel gi « ssuq » n tdelsa d tẓuri i isnuffer Kufid-19.\nG urar-a, ttwaggen aṭṭaṣ n iɣimiten mani dd-snewjwen iwdan zeg iger n tẓuri (leɣnuj, asefru, asuneɣ, …) d yiger n tdelsa. Iwdan fajan cwit zi ila ɣummen s unuffar d ineɣmisen iɛeffanen i dd-yuru kufid.\nAss n 23 zi yulyuz, taṣeḍma Tilelli-Twattun tecrek g urar-a s leɣnuj « Rẓem tawwurt », « Xalti Lwazna », « Ddez g idiydeg » d « Tteḥissifeɣ-am ». Wi din iḥeḍren iɛjb-ay lḥal s waṭṭaṣ. Ila tella d ijjt n tlemmiẓt (lfurṣa) ad tettwassen tdelsa Tamaziɣt umi ittwagg ccan d ameqqran ass-nni. Xleli d asefru amaziɣ iḥḍar s tɣuri n ijjt n tqessist d taqbaylit s tmijja d tarumit.


Q=6	C=6	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=15	G1=0	G2=0	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=FashionBeautyExperts ClubEntertainmentLove & SexParentingSoapsQuizzesWomen In FocusHealth & FitnessFood & DrinkHoroscopesForumAlbums\tFashion NewsStreet StyleFashion DesignerAccessoriesFashion Albums\tAkris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\nHome / Fashion / Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\tAkris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\npictures 9986 visits\tUse the left and right arrows on your keyboard to navigate the album 123456\t31 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n32 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n33 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n34 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n35 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n36 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n37 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n38 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n39 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n40 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n41 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n42 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n43 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n44 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011\n45 . Akris Paris Fashion Week a/w catwalk photos 2011


Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=2	G0=1	G1=1	G2=0	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Ammas n yisefka n Tnegga n Yisalan n Lezzayer ad d-iqam i usezdeɣ n yisemlen n Internet – Tala n tussna\nTasga n usmel/Amiran/Ammas n yisefka n Tnegga n Yisalan n Lezzayer ad d-iqam i usezdeɣ n yisemlen n Internet\nTanegga n Yisalan n Lezzayer tesɛa ammas n yisefka ara d-iqamen i usezdeɣ n yisemlen n Internet d usmidel n ugbur yettwasnelkmen (tasenselkimt n usigna) s uḍman n tɣellist n yisefka igerrzen d wadaf ɣer ugbur deg yiḍ, deg wass yernu yal ass.\nS uḍfar n yiwellihen imaynuten n unabaḍ ɣef urmud n uselɣu deg Internet, d usenfar n tanaḍt taslekmant yeqqnen ɣer urmud n uselɣu deg Internet ay yettwasmemmin ass n ukras deg temlilit n unabaḍ, ladɣa amagrad 6, ammas n yisefka n Tnegga n Yisalan n Lezzayer yewjed ad isekker yernu ad d-yelhu s yisutren n usezdeɣ.\nAmmas n yisefka n Tnegga n Yisalan n Lezzayer aṭas n yiseggasen aya seg wasmi ay yellan yernu yemmezg-d d tesnatwilin timaynutin. Ammas-a yessezdeɣ akk irmuden n tnegga, ula d isemlen-nnes n Internet yemgerraden (www.aps.dz, webtv.aps.dz) d wid n yimsaɣen-nnes uffiɣen. Seg wayyur n Ctembeṛ, asmel-a yessumur-d imeẓla n usezdeɣ s mennaw n tsemsal.\nAkken ad yessezdeɣ yiwen asmel-nnes deg wammas-a n yisefka, tanegga ad as-d-tessumer tallunt n uḍebsi deg yiqeddacen n Windows neɣ n Linux.\nDeg wayen yerzan imeẓla ifekkanen, amsaɣ ad as-d-fken amnenniḍ atrisan d urkid yernu yemdeswel, aẓeḍwu aselkiman yettwammestnen s yiɣerban n tmest yernu ad yesɛu azawag n uzray i yiman-nnes neɣ d ucrik.\nDeg wayen yerzan tadumṣukt tuhlist, asefrek n tmacinin tuhlisin, iẓeḍwa uhlisen, aḥraz n yisefka, usuɣal n yisefka d tedbelt n teɣbula, aya akk d ijenyuṛen d yimsatwilen n tnegga ara d-yelhun yes-s.\nTaɣuni n Internet tesɛa 70 n yimigabiten i tsint yernu d tin ara yeǧǧen amsaɣ ad yesɛu tazzalt d tameqqrant n tɣuri d tirawt.


Q=11	C=11	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=13	G1=10	G2=5	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Tella-d tezrigt tis 3 taggara n ddurt yezrin - La Dépêche de Kabylie\nAccueil Tamazight Tella-d tezrigt tis 3 taggara n ddurt yezrin\nTella-d tezrigt tis 3 taggara n ddurt yezrin\nTella-d di taggara n ddurt iɛeddan, tezrigt tis tlata n rreḥba n udlis i warrac deg taddart n Uɛfir deg tɣiwant n Bujimaɛ. Ass-nni n lǧemɛa d ssebt 27-28/09/2019, imezdaɣ n taddart n Uɛfir n Bujimaɛ, llan di ttiɛad u deg yirebbi n yidles s umata d udlis s wuzzig. Mebeɛd tazrigt tamezwarut n 2016 d tis snat n 2018, i iɛeddan deg tegnatin igerrzen, tefka afud meqqren i tddukkla tadelsant “Amnir” n tama n Uεfir n Bujimaε, i wakken ad suddsen tazrigt-a tamaynut. D ashier i d-yettwaheggan s tallelt n Tenmehla n yidles n Tizi Uzzu, tin n usegmi d usedwel ɣer tama n Useqqmu Aɣerfan n Lwilaya (APW) n Tizi Uzzu, d wiyaḍ. Yella-d leqdic-agi adelsan n sin wussan, deg uɣerbaz amezwaru “Addar Belɛid” yellan deg tama-agi n Uεfir, anda i txeddem ddeqs n yirmad tddukkla-agi tadigant, di yal tikkelt.\nD Rreḥba n udlis deg tezrigt-is tis kraḍet, ideg ttekkint wazal n 12 n tezrigin, i ixedmen timsikniyin s usenzi n yidlisen. Ad d-nedber gar-asent; Tamagit, El Amel, Richa Elsam, Jelis…atg. Am wakken daɣen, i d-llan wazal n 15 yimyura, yettarun i ugrud, i yessenzen s ubuddu idlisen-nsen, s tutlayin-a yemgaraden (tamaziɣt, tafransist d taɛrabt), i d-yerzan seg waṭas n tamiwin n lwilaya n Tizi Uzzu. Ad d-nebder gar-asen: Tinhinan Ḥarrac, Ali Ḥeǧǧaz, Racid Buxerrub, Ḥusin Luni…atg. Imsuddsen n rreḥba-a, heggan-d leqdicat-nniḍen, i d-yellan deg wahil n tezrigt-a, anda ara naf sin n yisaragen ɣef tfelsafit, yiwen ɣef tfelsafit s umata sɣur Mass Ḥerrac Ḥmed, yellan d aselmad n tfelsafit yeffɣen ɣer tasaɣt.\nwis sin, yella-d ɣef tfelsafit n ugrud, sɣur Massa Marie-Laure Dupin, d taɛeggalt di tddukkla “Algerie-France Amitié” . Am wakken daɣen, ara naf isikwan (ateliers) n usuneɣ akked tɣuri, ɣer tama n umseḍsi akked useḥḥar d wayen-nniḍen. Yella-d diɣ, usarag s ssenf n table ronde, sɣur tezrigt La Pensée, i yettarun i ugrud, yezzi-d deg-s wawal ɣef wazal n udlis n ugrud. Bɣan yiεeggalen n tddukkla-agi “Amnir”, ad ẓẓun tikti n udlis, tayri n tɣuri ɣer warrac imecṭaḥ, d asebɣes daɣen i yimura yettarun i tsuta-agi. Ma ɣer taggara n ttiɛad-agi, fkan arrazen d igerdazen n usebɣes i warrac i d-yufraren deg n temsizliyin, i xedmen yakkan.\nArticle précédentLes bénéficiaires dans l’expectative\nArticle suivantNura Idiri, gar usmedyez d usuneɣ


Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=20	G1=8	G2=2	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Acimi uqan yimendilen izwawen? - La Dépêche de Kabylie\nAccueil Tamazight Acimi uqan yimendilen izwawen?\nIselsa n tmurt\nAss-a n wussan, yeḍḥa-d umendil azwaw ansayan yuqa (ixus) deg Tmurt Tazwawt. Tuget n tḥuna uɣur ara terzuḍ ad t-tnadiḍ ad ak-d-inin: Ur nesɛi ara. D ayen i d-ittḥettimen asteqsi amek armi yuqa ɣur-neɣ umendil-a i iṭṭafaren timelsi tansayant n tmeṭṭut Tazwawt? Ula d tinaẓurin i ten-yettebrudin s ufus, ur caḍent ara akken ad teqwu sselɛa. Ilaq ad d-nini aṭas n tsebbiwin i yellan deffir waddad-a. Yiwet d akcam n lximar d lḥiǧab ɣer yidles-nneɣ d ttexmam n kra n Teqbayliyin. Tis snat d lexsas akked teɣlayt n umendil deg ulzuz. Imi ulac afares s waṭas, yezga umendil azwaw yewɛer i tifin, rnu ɣlay maḍi ma nga aserwes akked lximar d lḥiǧab iɣef i d-nemmeslay yakan.\nAhat ula d imsenza n yiselsa ɣef ssuma-s daɣen i ur t-id-ttawin ad t-senzen. Ma yella d tazmert tasertant ara d-yekfen afus i uselḥu di ssuq, ulac-it di Tmurt Tazwawt. Ɣef ssuma n umendil ansayan dɣa, ad d-nesmekti d akken yella wanida yettaweḍ ɣer 1 800 n yidinaren, ɣef leḥsab n tɣara d ssenf. Llan wiyeḍ d timḥermin kan, xeddmen 400 armi d 600 n yidinaren. Rnu, mačči aṭas n lesnaf d tɣawsiwin i nezmer ad naf di tḥuna-a. D acu, llan wid yettwalin ur ɣlayen yimendilen-a mi ara twaliḍ imecwaren akk ansi d-ɛeddan send ad amden. Akkin i waya, yewwi-d ad d-nini ur tuqa tqendurt am umendil deg ulzuz.\nMazal ttaɣent-tt Tezwawin ɣas ulamma llant tid i ittɛeddayen ɣef wazal d wansay mi ara as-rnunt lḥiǧab s ufella. Nesteqsa kra n Yizwawen ɣef taluft-a, fkan-d tamuɣli-nsen. « D tidet, ula d axus i ixuss umendil di ssuq yettaǧǧa aṭas n tlawin ad rrent ɣer lximar, tugart imi yerxes. Nekk s timmad-iw xḍiɣ i lḥiǧab n yinselmen, maca ur ttafeɣ amendil i walmend ad t-ttcudduɣ ɣas tikwal », i d-tenna yiwet n teḥdayt. « Ɣur-i tewweḍ taluft ɣer tizi n layas. Ma yella uqan yimendilen, ma yella ur ten-nettwali ɣur Teqbayliyin, lmeɛna-s yuɣ-itent yidles. Ilaq ad ten-id-nerr caḍen, ad ten-id-nettaɣ s waṭas ma nebɣa ad neṭṭef deg yiman d wayla », i d-yenna yiwen n umezdaɣ n Bgayet.\nArticle précédentD abaɣur i zemren ad d-rnun i uɣerbaz, ass-a\nArticle suivantSeg-s i d-tefruri tẓuri n talaxt


Q=12	C=0	SS=0	LS=12	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=2	G0=0	G1=0	G2=0	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Yeffeɣ-d ass n : Aynas, 01 Yunyu 2020 11:39 Ɣran-t : 4 n tikkal\nDeg wawal-nnes deffir uneskin n uneɣlaf n temguri ɣef ufaki n usewjed n uɣawas n usduqqes n temguri taɣelnawt ama deg tallit n tezɣent n unfafad bu uqacuc, ama deffir-s, iwekked-d uselway n tegduda ɣef usegriwel n ugzum amguran akken « ad fakent tsemras tirnelɣiyin yettwassnen », am wakken ay d-yesmekti dakken iswi n usduqqes adamsan d asenqes n tfatuṛt n waǧaw d usedwet n yisraten n wulzuz aɣelnaw, ɣef wakken ay d-yenna ulɣu n useqqamu n yineɣlafen.\nAselway Tebboune iweṣṣa aneɣlaf n temguri ad d-iheyyi asenfar n usaḍuf-akatar n waɣad amguran, am wakken ay d-iḥettet ɣef wuddun n tbuɣar tinaɣzanin tiɣelnawin s umyalel d teẓdarin tiɣelnawin d twerdaniyin.\nYenna-d daɣ uselway n tegduda dakken iḥar lḥal ad d-yili useqɛed n ufaylu n wakal amguran s useɣnew tneggiwin i usefrek n wakal-a deg yiɣlifen n temguri, takerrazt d useqɛed n temdinin. Seg yidis niḍen, yumeṛ uselway akken ad yettwagdel waǧaw n yimseddayen imsemḍas.\nI lmend n waya, iweṣṣa uselway Tebboune aneɣlaf n temguri akken ad d-iheyyi « ahil d utrib ara yettwaslekmen war leɛḍil i ukemmel n ufares d umezgi d yisaḍufen iqburen seg leɛḍil n usmidden n yisaḍufen imaynuten ».\nIweṣṣa daɣ aneɣlaf n temguri d win n ugensu ad fken ugar n wazal i wasunen inɣiwanen n urmid i usebɣes n useɣnew n temras.\nSeg tama niḍen, aselway Tebboune iwekkel ineɣlafen n temguri d tnezzut akken ad d-heyyin, s usemyuddes d Texxamt Tazzayrit n Tnezzut d Temguri d texxamin timnaḍanin ddaw leɛnaya n uneɣlaf amenzu, « tazrawt tutribt ɣef tegnit n yinḍen d yimsenza imecṭuḥen ay tḥuza tezɣent n tkaɣreft n unfafad bu uqacuc d usumer n tsemsedda n tallalt ».\nYeffeɣ-d ass n : Aynas, 01 Yunyu 2020 11:39 Taggayt : TADAMSA Ɣran-t : 4 n tikkal Bḍu


Q=5	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=5	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=12	G1=5	G2=1	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Anecruf n Lḥirak, Muḥemmed Buhennuc, ihlec aṭṭas | Le RIFAIN\nAnecruf n Lḥirak, Muḥemmed Buhennuc, ihlec aṭṭas\nDeg ijjen usiweḍ yegg-it-id Muḥemmed Buhennuc, iɛlem-d dag-s ila netta isbedd tikkest x macca. Manaya zegga iwweḍ ad issen ila inecraf nniḍen sbedden-tt ra nitini. X manaya ittqada merra wi kid-s ibedden d wi t-iɛawnen di tikkest-nnes x macca.\nBuhennuc, issiwel-d x ṣeḥḥet i di tt-yecca awerni umi i yudef di tikkest x macca. Inna-d ila tetteqqes-as lbula-nnes aṭṭas, stumaɣu-nnes ɛawed idwel wer itteṭṭes bu mliḥ. Yenna-d ila netta wer izemmer ad ibecc. Ar ɣa yegg akeccuḍ deg uqemmum-nnes d leḥriq i das-tteggen ibeccicen. Mamec iɛawed ila netta wer izemmed ad iṭṭes ar ɣa yessers iḍaren-nnes x lḥiḍ, d iɣuyyan s leḥriq kul rrbeɛ n tseɛɛet.\nZi lḥedd i yeɛdan d seḥḥet n Buhennuc, tetteɛeqqab ɣer deffer, iɛuqq-d tlata n tewlatin ca n tewreɣ txelleṭ s idammen. Nnan-as iḍbiben ad isu aman aked ssekk°ar maḥend ad ikkes leḥriq n stumaɣu. Uca wer iṭṭis al mani d xemsa n tuffut.\nMuḥemmed Buhennuc, mermi iswa ca n waman, ittεuqqat-id. Arrimet-nnes teqqim wer tqebbel la d ijjen lḥajet.\nBuhennuc, aqqa-t di leḥbes n Selwan n Nnaḍur. Ittwaṭṭef x lḥirak n Arrif.\nƔer ɛawd: Inekraf n lḥirak n Arif sbedden tikkest x macca