Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=0	G1=0	G2=0	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Yeffeɣ-d ass n : Aynas, 05 Yebrir 2021 16:43 Ɣran-t : 0 n tikkal\nLONDON – Asaru yettwazewlen « Tameddurt tettraǧu : Tasefrant akked uzbu deg Tniri tutrimt », n temseḍrut tamarikanit-tabrizilit Lara Lee, yettwasenẓel-d ass n usamas-a (lḥedd) almend n Wass agraɣlan n usḥulfu ɣef lminat akked tallelt i tigawt mgal n lmina, i sfuggulen yal 4 Yebrir n yal aseggas.\nAd yili usenẓer-a seg usrag wis 17h00 ar 18h30, asaru-a deg-s 58 n tmikin, ad t-id-tessissen Kassiha 25, d yiwet n tegrawt taẓurant ilan iswi ur nelli n usekcem n yidrimen, yefser-d azbu n uɣref awniri mgal n temharsa tamerrukit akked uguccel-is akken ad ikemmel amennuɣ-is ad yawi azref-is n tguccelmant.\nYeglem-d daɣen amennuɣ n Yiwniriyen ɣef tlelli akked umennuɣ-nsen amelwi akken ad ssuddsen yiwet n tsefrant n uguccelman, akka i d-nnan yiɣbula n yimidyaten.\n« Life Is Waiting » yeḥka-d amennuɣ n uɣref awniri, i la yettqabalen « aɛetteb, leḥbas akked uxḍaf » deg deg wakal yettwaṭṭfen n Tniri tutrimt ɣef ssebba n « usuter n uzarug-is ».\nDdaw n uzaglu amerruki seg useggas n 1975, Tiniri-a tutrimt d yiwen seg gar wakalen ideg llant wurag n lminat deg umaḍal, « D timrawin n Yiwniriyen i yettwagezren qlen d iɛibanen neɣ mmuten, ssebba-nsen d lminat-a », i d-ḥkan yimeskaren n usaru.\nYeffeɣ-d ass n : Aynas, 05 Yebrir 2021 16:43 Taggayt : IDLES Ɣran-t : 0 n tikkal Bḍu


Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=24	G1=17	G2=2	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY= Hebrews 7 Kabyle: NT\nBible > Kabyle: NT > Hebrews 7\n1Malxisadeq-agi yella d agellid n Salem, d lmuqeddem n Sidi Ṛebbi ɛlayen. D nețța i gemmugren Sidna Ibṛahim mi d-yuɣal seg umenɣi i deg yeɣleb igelliden nniḍen, iwakken a t-ibarek. 2I nețța i gefka Sidna Ibṛahim amur wis ɛecṛa n wayen akk i d-yerbeḥ seg umenɣi. Malxisadeq lmeɛna n yisem-is « agellid n lḥeqq », yețțusemma daɣen agellid n Salem yeɛni « agellid n lehna ». 3Ur neẓri ara anwa i d baba-s neɣ anta i d yemma-s, ur nessin tajaddit-is, ur neẓri melmi i glul neɣ melmi i gemmut. Yella d lemtel n Mmi-s n Ṛebbi, yeqqim d lmuqeddem i dayem.\n4Walit acḥal meqqeṛ ccan n win iwumi yefka Sidna Ibṛahim leɛcuṛ seg wayen i d-yerbeḥ deg umenɣi. 5At Lewwi yellan d lmuqedmin, țțawin leɛcuṛ ɣef wat Isṛail yellan d atmaten-nsen akken i d-tenna ccariɛa, ɣas akken ula d nutni ț-țarwa n Sidna Ibṛahim. 6Ma d Malxisadeq ur nelli ara n at Lewwi, yewwi leɛcuṛ s ɣuṛ Sidna Ibṛahim yerna iburek-it. 7Mbla ccekk win yețbaraken yugar win yețțubarken. 8At Lewwi-agi yețțawin leɛcuṛ, d imdanen yețmețțaten, ma d Malxisadeq d win i ɣef d-nnant tira iqedsen : Mazal idder. 9Nezmer ihi a d-nini belli Lewwi yețțawin leɛcuṛ ɣef wat Isṛail, yefka leɛcuṛ i Malxisadeq uqbel a d-ilal s ufus n Sidna Ibṛahim yellan si lejdud-is ; 10axaṭer asmi yemmuger Malxisadeq Sidna Ibṛahim, Lewwi urɛad d-ilul.\n11Ccɣel i xeddmen lmuqedmin n at Lewwi, d lsas n ccariɛa yețțunefken i wegdud n wat Isṛail ; meɛna lemmer yennekmal ccɣel-agi, acuɣeṛ ihi ara d-yili lmuqeddem nniḍen am Malxisadeq mačči am Haṛun n at Lewwi ? 12Ma yella ccɣel i xeddmen lmuqeddmin n at Lewwi yuɣal di rrif, ihi ula d ccariɛa aț-țuɣal di rrif. 13Axaṭer Ssid-nneɣ, ur d-yekki ara seg wedrum n at Lewwi, meɛna yekka-d seg wedrum nniḍen. Adrum-nni ulac deg-s ula d yiwen n lmuqeddem i gqedcen deg wudekkan n iseflawen. 14Ihi neẓra belli Ssid-nneɣ yeffeɣ ed seg wedrum n Yahuda, yerna Sidna Musa ur d-yenni ara a d-yeffeɣ lmuqeddem seg wedrum agi. 15Yella wayen i d-ibeggnen annect agi, axaṭer yeffeɣ-ed lmuqeddem nniḍen yecban Malxisadeq. 16Mačči d ccariɛa i t-yerran d lmuqeddem meɛna yuɣal d lmuqeddem s tezmert n tudert ur nețfaka ;\n17imi yura fell-as : Kečč d lmuqeddem i dayem am Malxisadeq.\n18Lameṛ aqdim yeɛnan lmuqedmin yețwabeddel, axaṭer ixuṣṣ yerna ur yenfiɛ ara. 19Ccariɛa n Musa ur tezmir ara a ɣ-terr d iḥeqqiyen zdat Sidi Ṛebbi, meɛna yella yiwen usirem s wayes ara nqeṛṛeb ɣuṛ-es ; 20yerna ayagi yedṛa-d s limin n Sidi Ṛebbi, mačči am at Lewwi yuɣalen d lmuqedmin mbla limin ;\n21ma d Sidna Ɛisa yesbedd-it Sidi Ṛebbi s limin mi s-yenna : Sidi Ṛebbi yeggul ur yeḥnit aț-țiliḍ d lmuqeddem i dayem .\n22Ɛisa, d nețța i ɣ-iḍemnen lɛahed yifen amezwaru.\n23Aṭas seg wat Lewwi i gellan d lmuqedmin axaṭer lmut ur ten-tețțaǧa ara ad dumen di ccɣel-nsen ; 24ma d Sidna Ɛisa, d win yețdumun, ur yuḥwaǧ ara a d-yeǧǧ lxedma-s n lmuqeddem i wayeḍ. 25Daymi i gezmer ad isellek di mkul lweqt wid akk yețqeṛṛiben ɣer Ṛebbi s yisem-is, imi nețța yedder i dayem, ideɛɛu fell-asen ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi.\n26D wagi i d lmuqeddem ameqqran i ɣ-ilaqen, d imqeddes, d azedgan, ur yesɛi ara lɛib, yemxalaf d imdanen idenben yerna ițwarfed sennig igenwan. 27Ur yeḥwaǧ ara ad yefk iseflawen am lmuqedmin nniḍen ɣef ddnubat-is neɣ ɣef wid n wegdud, lameɛna yefka iman-is d asfel yiwet n tikkelt kan ɣef ddemma n ddnubatnneɣ. 28Lmuqedmin imeqqranen i d tesbeddad ccariɛa, d irgazen ixuṣṣen di lǧehd, ma d win i gesbedd Sidi Ṛebbi s limin deffir ccariɛa, d Mmi-s i gessaweḍ ɣer tezmert tameqqrant i dayem.


Q=7	C=4	SS=0	LS=0	PS=4	DC=2	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=30	G1=10	G2=4	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=‘’Yeẓda-yi uɣaref n zzman, syin yessufeɣ-d deg-i kra…’’ - La Dépêche de Kabylie\nPar DDK | 3 Septembre 2018 | 926 lecture(s)\nFeṭṭa, tacennayt, yelli-s n yidurar\n‘’Yeẓda-yi uɣaref n zzman, syin yessufeɣ-d deg-i kra…’’\nDeg tdiwennit-a, temmeslay-d Feṭṭa tacennayt ɣef umecwar-is deg ccna akked wayen i tt-ideggren ɣer-s. Am wakken i d-tewwi awal ɣef temsal-nniḍen i tt-yerzan deg tudert-is.\nFeṭṭa, d isem n tnaẓurt. Ma tzemreḍ ad d-tiniḍ i yimeɣriyen isem-im aḥeqqani ?\nFeṭṭa : Mačči d nekk i yefkan isem-agi, d wiyaḍ imi ɣef wakken walan yelha wayen xeddmeɣ, nnan-iyi-d d lfeṭṭa waya. Ihi, ffkan-iyi isem-agi n Feṭṭa. Nekk isem-iw Kaci Moussa Baya.\nAmek tebdiḍ ccna ?\nBdiɣ ccna seg wasmi lliɣ meẓẓiyeɣ. Acu kan zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ d lḥif i yi-d-yesneṭṭqen, i yi-d-ideggren mliḥ ɣer unnar-agi n tẓuri, d lefraq s umata, xas ulamma ur ḥemmleɣ ara ad ssifrireɣ ssebbat n wayen i yeǧǧan cennuɣ neɣ ssefruyaɣ. Teẓram aḥric-agi n ccna yewɛer ula ɣef urgaz, anef tura ɣef tmeṭṭut, acu kan lefraq yugar-itent akk, ad d-yessenṭeq ula d aẓru n tnica.\nMelmi i teskelseḍ i tikkelt tamezwarut ?\nSkelseɣ tasfift-iw tamezwarut deg useggas n 1983 s uzwel ‘’ Tameɣra n lḥenni’’ i yelḥan aṭas. Dayen i yi-yefkan tabɣest tmaeqqrant i wakken ad kemmleɣ deg ubrid-agi n ccna. Dayen i yeḍran ihi. Rniɣ ssuffɣeɣ-d tis snat deg useggas 1985. Qqimeɣ kra n lweqt imi teṣɛeb teswiɛt n usizreg, syin kemmleɣ deg umecwar-iw armi d album-agi aneggaru i d-yeffɣen ass n 14 deg ɣuct 2018 iwumi ffkiɣ isem ‘’Tizlatin n lfuruḥ’’. Llant deg-s 9 n tezlatin i d-yettmeslayen ɣef wuguren n tmetti s umata, yecban lefraq, tayri, lferḥ…atg. Ha-ten-in yizwilen-nsent : Dda Ɛli ad ak-d-iniɣ, Awerxu, Ay aferruj, Tebra-as i Muḥ Tennig ( d aɛiwed n tezlit s wudem-nniḍen), A win ɛzizen, A Sidi Bubeker aḥrur, Azzayḥuḥ akked Mebruk tameɣra d lferḥ.\nSeg wacu yemxalaf ccna-m ɣef wayeḍ ?\nCcna-w, nekk, yerza s umata urar n tlawin akked tbuɣarin. Acu kan snarnaɣ-t, mačči d aɛiwed kan i yiɣes asewwi. Xas ulamma gemreɣ seg-s, meɛna s tecraḍ-iw. Yeẓda-yi uɣaref, yessufeɣ-d din kra. Aya ur d-yekki ara kan akka. Nekk seg wasmi i d-kkreɣ, ḥemmleɣ urar n tlawin akked tbuɣarin. Ulac tameɣra anda ur cniɣ ara akked tlawin imi zik ara urar-agi i yellan akked yiḍebbalen. Acu kan, xas kkiɣ deg lfuruḥ-a, werǧin i as-nniɣ i yiman-iw, ad cnuɣ yiwen wass. Xeddmeɣ tizlatin, itett-iten lweqt. Akka armi i d-yewweḍ wass anda i d-ffɣeɣ s annar s ccna-inu. Ahat medden akked tebɣest-iw i yi-yessawḍen s iswi-agi.\nMačči ala ccna i txeddmeḍ, tetturareḍ ula deg yisura…\nAkka, ih. Uqbel isura, lliɣ deg umezgun : urar deg tmezgunt ‘’Ccix Aḥeddad’’ n Omar Fetmouche. Nezzi-d yis-s i 11 n lwilayat. Ma deg ssinima, urareɣ i tikklet-tamezwarut deg usaru ‘’Tidet yettwaffren’’. Ffkiɣ, diɣ, taɣect-iw i waṭas n yisura. Ar tura, xedmeɣ deg wugar n 35 n yisura, u mazal lxir ɣer sdat. Ma ɣef ccna, zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ nudaɣ-d akk tamurt n Lezzayer, ccniɣ deg 48 n lwilayat.\nTanemmirt i Uɣmis n La Dépêche de Kabylie, ladɣa Aɣmis n Yimaziɣen i yettaken taswiɛt yal tikkelt. Ssarameɣ ad ilint tezlatin-agi-inu deg lebɣi n wid ara sent-yeslen.\nYestaqsa-tt Hocine Moula


Q=10	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=10	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=7	G1=6	G2=1	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Ijjen tmarit d Tameɣrabit tenɣa ixef-nnes deg Ulanda | Le RIFAIN\nIjjen tmarit d Tameɣrabit tenɣa ixef-nnes deg Ulanda\nNaɛima Lbezzaz i illan d ijjen tamarit Tameɣrabit/Tahulandit temmut simana-ya x 46 issgusa. Lmewt-nnes yus-dd awerni umi tenɣa ixef-nnes, tejja awern-as tnayen n yessis d tiyujilin.\nTebda tamarit-a tira-nnes x usegg°as-a n 21 n wungal n « abrid n yeẓẓelmeḍ » (De weg naar het noorden : 1995). I di tettɛawad ijjen tḥajit n ijjen tḥudriyt d Tameɣarabit trezzu ijjen tudert tecna deg Uruppa. Naɛima, tessefruri-dd adlis awerni i wenniḍen, ameknaw « De Verstotene: 2006″ d « Het gelukssyndroom : 2008″. Ungalen-a i di tɛawed x umenɣi-nnes kuntra i ddiprisyu.\nS udlis n « Vinexvrouwen : 2010″ i di tewweḍ ad tettwassen aṭṭas, tɛawed dag-s x tudert-nnes di ddcar n Vinex di temdint n Zandaam. Awal-nnes x tasikswalit n temɣart jjin aṭṭas n yiwdan ad x-as hudden x tudert-nnes.\nƐebdelqader Benneɛli, amari Ahulandi/Arifi, d netta zeg imezwura i dd-issiwlen x lexbar n lmewt-nnes.


Q=7	C=7	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=8	G1=8	G2=6	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Deg srid-ines aneggaru deg sebtar-is n Facebock, Ḥmed Cucan, yessawl-ed Ɛinani i yizayriyen i teddun yal ass n lǧemɛa deg wayen umi neqqar tagrawla n wecmumeḥ ar unerfud n ibeckiḍen » ma yella i laq waya ad naweḍ ɣur-s ». Ahmed Cucan, i wesmekti kan d aserdas i rewlen seg yigen n lezzayer deg seggasen n 90, acku yedda deg tṛekkiṭ n ukabar isneslem FIS, win i refden ibeckiḍen mgal adabu azzayri deg 1992.\nYeqqim deg yinig-ines, d tallelt i srabes uffiren n tmura yemxallafen n luṛuppa, asmi ɛyan deg-s, yuɣal yennulf-ad s sridat ines, n miḥyaf, ladɣa mgal tamurt taqbaylit, arraw-is, amennuɣ-is d izamulen-ines. Yetwassen diɣ s uttekki ines deg tnekra n ṭrad mgal imẓabiyen deg seggasen n 2014, ama s wayen d-yeqqar deg tɣamsa neɣ deg facebook d wayen akk i xeddem ɛinani neɣ s tufra.\nLeḥqed-ines d lkerh n teqbaylit d win i yeqqimen deg allaɣ-is, di yal tikelt yettuɣal-d ar ɣur-es. Asmi i d-usa tegrawla n ucmumeḥ deg ass n 16 Fuṛar 2019, i wala am netta am wid i rekben taweffa n taɛṛabt-tisneslemt, tagnitt n wuwraɣ, akken ad suḍen miḥyaf-nsen mgal tamurt taqbaylit. Deg tazwara s utekki n kra n ifettyanen deg yigen neɣ larmi n lezzayer, tebda-d uheggi n tqeffet » 0 Kabyles » anda yettekki, Cucan agi s teqseḥ .\nSend akin, tecmumḥ-as-d tegnitt imi i d yufa aqerruy n yigen GAYED Saleḥ d win i refden tiktiwin d tmuɣliwin-ines deg wayen umi qqaren s miḥyaf mgal tamurt taqbaylit Badiseyya-Nuγambreyya, deg tallit deg anda Gayed yessekcam ilmeẓyen iqbayliyen ar leḥbas imi kan refden anayen imaziɣen, tikwal ula d amayu n JSK yessekcam ar lḥebs ; Chouchane, xas ulamma d arebrab u yerna d axanab maca i kecm-ed ar tmurt s ufella n userdun.\nAserdun n taɛrabt-tisneslemt d win yufan iman-is kra kan n waguren weqbel ad yemmet seld asbeddi n Tebbun s wudem unṣib sɣuṛ IGEN « larmi », deg umḍiq n uselway n lezzayer.\nAd-nesmekti kan belli, i tcerkett n « 0 Kabyles » tamurt taqbaylit terra-s-d tiririt n talwit d tegzi d tdukli tagi d « 0 vote en Kabylie ». Maca deg asmi teddez tebrez, adabu amaynut azayri yezzi s weɛrur i wid yellan d tayett i tiktiwin n Chouchane Ahmed, acimi i sen-tezzi ad yuɣal ad iban, maca d aya i t-yeǧǧan ad yečč isiḍ.\nQqqaren ur yettxalaf ara mejjir aẓar, arebrab n yiḍelli yuɣal-ed ar ṭid-is ass-agi, imi deg tbideyyut agi ara tafem deg tagara n weḍṛis agi, deg dqiqa tis 57 Ahmed Chouchane yessawl-ed ɛinani tabelɛinant akken « …ad heggin iman-nsen izayriyen i tazala n idammen, imi ma ylaq ad nerfed ibeckiḍen ad ten-nerfed » id-yenna Chouchane, attah ihi lezzayer-nsen d yimal ines, acutt teqbaylit-nneɣ d yimal-ines ? yal aqbayli ad yemmeslay i yiman-is\n0 KABYLES0 VOTEAhmed ChouchaneAlgérieKABYLIEterrorisme islamique


Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=0	G1=0	G2=0	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Yeffeɣ-d ass n : Aynas, 20 Dujembeṛ 2021 09:04 Ɣran-t : 5 n tikkal\nDeg wayen yerzan asenfar n usaḍuf agmanan d-yesbaduyen tiskarin n ufran n yimaslaḍen n Useqqamu Imineg n Tinneflest, bedren-d ilugan n usuddes d umuzel-nnes.\nDeg wayen eyrzan aseɣnew n telɣa tamaynut n teṛmisin s yisem n « Teṛmist s Tfulin Yettwasḥerfin », nnan-d dakken akat-a d win ara yesbeɣsen ilemẓiyen ad d-sɣenwen tigemma yernu ad yessifses asidrem n teṛmisin-a.\nDeg wayen yerzan ilugan imuta yerzan almud imineg, yettwaɣtes usuddes igerrzen n tesdawit s usbadu n yislaganen igensiyen yerzan yal afurk asdawan yernu yessefk ad tettwazrek tfulmant n tesdawit.\nDeg wayen yerzan asnegmu n ufares akerrazan d usenqes n tagelt tanuččit, yettwaɣtes uheyyi n temyadast tamehlant ara yilin ɣef leḥsab n tkerrazt tazzayrit yernu ters ɣef tilawt n tkerrazt, maci ɣef leḥsab n tsersiyin tisdawanin, am wakken ay yettwaɣtes ucegger n usuddes n tedbelt takerrazant ama deg uswir alemmas, ama deg uswir amnaḍan d udigan, s uḍfar n temyadast n usmeskel ara yefken azal i tuzwirin.\nLast modified on Aynas, 20 Dujembeṛ 2021 13:24\nYeffeɣ-d ass n : Aynas, 20 Dujembeṛ 2021 09:04 Taggayt : LEZZAYER Ɣran-t : 5 n tikkal Bḍu


Q=10	C=2	SS=0	LS=3	PS=3	DC=0	LC=1	SD=0	BS=4	G0=209	G1=181	G2=104	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Kamirun - Wikipedia, tasanayt tilellit\n(Yettusmimeḍ seg Cameroun)\nTafransist d Taglizit\nTagduda n Tefriqt Talemmast, Ččad, Kungu, Ginya Tasebgast, Gabun d Nijirya\n24 053 727 imezdaɣ. (2017)\nHeure d'Afrique occidentale d UTC+01:00\nCarte du Cameroun - Map of Cameroon\nYiwen n weḥric n wakal n kamirun yella s ddaw leɛnaya n udabu abriṭani (Isem-is Kamruns), ma d wayeḍ yella s ddaw ifrensiyen (i yewwin azarug-is deg umenzu n Yennayer 1960). Sin-agi yemḍiqen mlalen deg 1961 i wakken ad tlul Tigduda tafidiralit n Kamirun. Deg 20 mayyu 1972, tuɣal isem-is Tigduda idduklen n Kamirun. Ma di 1984, tamurt teṭṭef isem unṣib n Tigduda n Kamirun.\n1 Tamsalt n tutlayt di Cameroun\n1.3 Cameroun s ttfaṣil u s tewzel\n1.4 Tagtutlayt (plurilinguisme) d tsertit n tutlayt di Cameroun\n1.5 Tasertit n tutlayt di tallit n tsehrest (listiɛmaṛ)\n1.6 Tasertit n tutlayt di tallit n uzarug (indépendance)\n1.7 Askasi ɣef tutlayt taɣelnawt\n3 Tamselyut, Iseddagen & Izdayen Iberraniyen\nTamsalt n tutlayt di Cameroun[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]\nAqeddem[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]\nKamirun d yiwet si tmura n Tefriqt taɣerbit, yernu am nettat am tmura nniḍen n tama-ya, tesɛa aṭas n yegduden d waṭas n tutlayin. Kamirun d yiwet si tmura n Tefriqt i deg ttwahdaṛent aṭas n tutlayin (ugar n 200), maca d ayen yessewhamen ma nenna-d dakken ar ass-a, ula d yiwet si tutlayin tifriqiyin n Kamirun ur tuɣal d tutlayt taɣelnawt. Anabaḍ (lḥukuma) n Kamirun yesteɛṛif kan s tefṛensist d teglizit (imi tamurt-agi tettusteɛmeṛ sɣur Legliz d Fṛansa), d nitenti umi tefka azal, xas ma yella yettili-d diɣ umenniɣ ger n snat-agi n tutlayin di tmurt-a. Maca, xas ma yella tutlayin tiɣelnawin n Kamirun tṭuqqtent, qqiment merṛa di rrif, yernu aya maci d ayen yelhan i wegdud. Imi imḍebbren n tmurt ttmeslayen u qeddcen kan s tutlayt taberṛanit, amur ameqran deg Yikamruniyen ḍhan-d amzun ttwaɛezlen di tmurt-nsen, ur fehhmen d acu ara ttmeslayen wid yellan nnig-nsen, yernu unjug-agi (obstacle) n tutlayt yergel-asen abrid i waṭas n yimezdaɣen n tmurt-a i wakken ad ttekkin di tsertit (politique) n tmurt-nsen. Maci ala d Kamirun ay yellan di tegnit-agi, wannag llant aṭas n tmura nniḍen di Tefriqt ara yettidiren akka : tadɣert (élite) tesɛa tutlayt-is, d tin i yes tezmer ad teḥkem tamurt s yiles ay tfehhem nettat, iles n umesbaṭli aqdim, di lweqt i deg agdud yellan s ddaw-atsen ttmeslayen-as kan s yiles-is asmi ara t-ḥwiǧen ad yedɣer (ad yebbuṭi). Xas ma yella Cameroun d tamurt yewwin azarug-is , asmi ay tt-ffɣent Fṛansa d Legliz, ur d-dǧint ara amkan-nsent d ilem, wanag imḍebbren n tmurt, xas d arraw n tmurt, qqnen allen-nsen ɣef yilsawen n tmurt-nsen.\nTazwart[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]\nTigduda n Cameroun d tamurt tagtutlayt (i deg ggtent tutlayin), i deg llant azal n 247 n tutlayin tineṣliyin n tmurt, yiwet n tutlayt n teywalt (communication - d tapidgint n teglizit) akk d snat n tutlayin tunṣibit , taglizit d tefṛensist. Snat-agi n tutlayin tunṣibit tewṛet-itent-id Cameroun si tallit-nni n tehrest (listiɛmaṛ), asmi Briṭanya d Fṛansa bḍant akal n tmurt-agi wagar-asen ger n tgara n Tṭrad n Umaḍal amezwaru d wasmi ay tewwi tmurt azarug-is . Atṭuqqet n tutlayin di Cameroun maci d ayen yessishilen taywalt (communication) ger yimezdaɣen n tmurt-a; dɣa skud Cameroun ur tesɛi ara tutlayt n teywalt ara yettwafhamen deg tmiwa n tmurt merṛa, amsefham mazal ad yeqqim yewɛeṛ ger Yikamruniyen. Nnig waya, xas ma yella tafṛensist d teglizit d tutlayin tunṣibin di snat di Cameroun, snat-agi n tutlayin ur ɛdilent ara deg wamek ay ttuseqdacent neɣ ttuselmadent, yernu aya iḍurr tasertit n tesnutlayt ay yebɣa ad yelḥu yis-s udabu n Cameroun. Yuɣ lḥal, tasertit n tutlayt di tmurt-a mazal-itt terwi yernu mazal ur d-banen ara yeswan-is : tasertit-agi ur tefki ara akk azal i tutlayin tineṣliyin n tmurt i wakken ad ten-tesnerni, yernu ur tessaweḍ ara ad terr tamurt n Cameroun d tin ay ilehḥun s snat n tutlayin tunṣibin akken yessefk lḥal. Dɣa, tasertit-nni tunṣibt i yes tebɣa naqal Cameroun ad tesdukel tamurt, ass-a tuɣal d ssebba n yemgerraden d wemsefraq aserti. Taluft n tutlayin di Cameroun d taqdimt yernu nezmer ad naf iẓuran-is di tallit n tehrest (listiɛmaṛ), tallit i deg ay d-yella wemgerrad ger tedbelt n tehrest d yemseɣdaden (missionnaires). Ass-a, taluft n Cameroun deg wayen yerzan tutlayin netta d amek ara tefru ugur-agi n utṭuqqet n tutlayin u ad tefru ugur n tutlayt taɣelnawt di lweqt i deg ara tkemmel ad tesselḥay tamurt s wudem amellil (efficacement) s snat tutlayt tunṣibin u ad teg akk ayen yessefken i wakken ad tesserbeḥ aya.\nCameroun s ttfaṣil u s tewzel[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]\nɣef leḥsab n CIA Fact Book, di Yulyu 2001, Cameroun tella tesɛa 15.803.220 n yimezdaɣen. Tajumma n Cameroun tewweḍ ɣer 475.442 km², yernu tesɛa tilisa akk d Nigeria deg utaram (lɣerb), akk d Tcad deg ugafa-acerqi , akk d Tegduda n Tefriqt Talemmast di ccerq, akk d Ginya Tasebgast, Gabon d Congo deg wenẓul (sud). Cameroun tesɛa 10 tmiwa tideblanin (administratives), gar-asent snat ttmeslayent s teglizit, ma di tmanya-nni nniḍen, d tafṛensist ay yettwahdaṛen.\nDi 1472, asmi ay yewweḍ yemsilel (navigateur) apuṛtugali Fernando Po ɣer temda (bassin) n Biafra, yekcem s uɣerrabu-yines ɣer wasif n Wouri ay d-yuzgan ɣef yiri n lebḥeṛ. Po yewhem mi ay iwala dakken llan yiqayemrunen (crevettes) deg wasif-nni, dɣa d aya ay t-yedǧan ad as-isemmi i wasif-agi "Rio dos Camarões" (asif n yiqayemrunen). Dɣa d wa ay d isem ay fkan i tmurt-nni merṛa. Asmi ay d-usan Walmaniyen akken ad tṭfen tamurt-a, semman-as "Kamerun". Igliziyen, asmi ay d-wwḍen, semman-as "Cameroon", ma d Ifṛensisen llan qqaren-as "Cameroun". Di 1884, tekcem Lalman ɣer Cameroun, u yebda-d leḥkem almani ɣef tmurt-a asmi ay stenyan Walmaniyen amtawa (leɛqed) ger tmurt-nsen d Yedoualaten (yiwen seg yegduden n Cameroun) di Yulyu n 1884, dɣa seg yimir-nni ay tuɣal Cameroun d tanemzuɣt (protectorat) talmanit. Maca asmi ay texṣer Lalman Ttṛad n Umaḍal amezwaru (di 1916), Fṛansa d Briṭanya bḍant Cameroun wagar-asent. Naqal llant ḥekment tamurt-a s ddaw n lewkala n Temɣunt n Yeɣlanen (Société des Nations), sakkin, d Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yedduklen (ONU) ay ikemmlen twekkel Fṛansa d Briṭanya i wakken ad kemmlent ad tṭfent Cameroun. Briṭanya ṣaḥent-tt-id snat n tesfifin n wakal, llan deg-sent azal n 90.000 km² yernu uzgant-d ɣef tlisa n Nigeria. Tasfift-nni n wakal ay d-yuzgan deg ugafa (nord) llan qqaren-as "Cameroun Tabriṭanit n Ugafa" (British Northert Cameroons), ma d tin n wenẓul qqaren-as "Cameroun Tabriṭanit n Wenẓul" (Southern British Cameroons"). D Fṛansa umi d-iṣaḥ umur ameqran si Cameroun yernu tefka-yas i umur-agi leḥkem-is i yiman-is, wanag Briṭanya, si Lagos, di Nigeria, ay tella la tesselḥay lumuṛ n wakalen-is di Cameroun.\nCameroun tafṛensist tewwi azarug-is (indépendance) deg umenzu n Yennayer, 1960. Sakkin, di Fuṛaṛ n 1960, imezdaɣen n Cameroun Tabriṭanit n Wenẓul deɣren (bbuṭin) i wakken ad sduklen tamurt-nsen akk d Cameroun ay teffeɣ Fṛansa. Tadukli-yagi terna teǧhed ugar deg umenzu n Tubeṛ 1961, asmi ay yettusdukel akk wakal n Cameroun, u tga-d tmurt-agi tafidiṛalit i deg llant snat n tmura, Cameroun Taɣerbit d Cameroun Tacerqit. Tafidiṛalit-agi teqqim alamma ay d 20 Magu 1972, asmi ay yerra adabu ddewla-yagi d tin yedduklen ugar, s wesnulfu n 7 temnaḍin . Sakkin, di 1984, aselway yessuffeɣ-d tanaḍt (décret) i deg d-rnant tlata temnaḍint timaynutin ɣer sebɛa-nni yellan naqal, u tuɣal Cameroun tesɛa ɛecṛa temnaḍin.\nDeg wennar n uselmed, Cameroun tettḍafar sin yinagrawen (systèmes) : anagraw n uselmed s tutlayt taglizit ay yettwabnan ɣef leḥsab n unagraw aneglusaksi (anglo-saxon), akk d unagraw n uselmed s tutlayt tafṛensist ay yettwabnan ɣef leḥsab n unagraw afṛensis. Dɣa llan yiɣerbazen yesselmaden s wahil (programme) aglizi am wakken ay llan wid yesselmaden s wahil afṛensis, d acu kan, di tesdawit (université), inelmaden qqaren s snat tutlayin, s teglizit akk d tefṛensist. ɣef leḥsab n tesnaddanin (statistiques) n 1995, 63.4 % n Yikamruniyen ay yessnen ad ɣren, 75 % n yergazen d 52,01 % n tilawin.\nTagtutlayt (plurilinguisme) d tsertit n tutlayt di Cameroun[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]\nAkken ay d-nenna sufella-yagi, Cameroun d tamurt tagtutlayt i deg llant 247 n tutlayin tineṣliyin, snat tutlayin tunṣibin akk d yiwet n tpidgint n teglizit ay ttmeslayen di Cameroun. [Tapidgint d tutlayt ur nelli ara d taneṣlit di tmurt, tikwal tettili d axaluḍ n snat neɣ n waṭas n tutlayin, sseqdacen-tt medden yettmeslayen tutlayin yemgerraden i wakken ad msefhamen yis-s. Tapidgint n Cameroun d taglizit ixelḍen d tutlayin nniḍen].\nXas ma yella adeg n internet n Ethnologue yeqqar-d dakken llant 279 n tutlayin di Cameroun, kra yimesnilsiyen (linguistes) am Wolf nnan-d dakken aya ur iṣehḥa ara, imi ay llant kra n tentalyin (dialectes) ay yettwaḥesben d tutlayin, yili nitenti d tintalyin kan n kra n tutlayt. Ger tutlayin tineṣliyin n Cameroun, llant ṛebɛa tutlayin qrib ad negrent, tigi d tutlayt tadulit (duli), tageyt (gey), tanagumit (nagumi) akk d tyenit (yeni). Tutlayin-agi akk ttmeslayen-tent deg ugafa (nord) n tmurt. Adeg n Ethnologue yenna-d di 1996, dakken 14 n tutlayin nniḍen n Cameroun ay inegren yagi. Di Tefriqt, llant ṛebɛa n twaculin timeqranin n tutlayin, tlata deg-sent nezmer ad tent-naf di Cameroun, imi di tmurt-a nezmer ad naf tutlayin n twacult tafrusyawit (afro-asiatique), tutlayin n twacult taniluṣeḥṛawit (nilo-saharienne) akk d tutlayin n twacult tanijirukuṛdufanit (nilo-kordofanienne). Tutlayin n twacult tanijirukuṛdufanit d nitenti ay yetṭuqqten di Cameroun, di lweqt i deg ulac akk kra n tutlayt n twacult taxuysant (khoisan) di tmurt-a. Tutlayin tineṣliyin ay fehhmen waṭas n medden nitenti d tafulfuldet (fulfulde), tewondot (ewondo), tabasaat (basaa), tadwualat (duala), tahausat (hausa), tawandalat (wandala), takanurit (kanuri), taɛṛabt tacuwat (choa), tapidgint n teglizit akk d tefṛensist. D acu kan, tlata kan tutlayin si ger tigi ay yettwahdaṛen yernu ttwafhament ugar tiyaḍ di tmiwa timeqranin di Cameroun, d tid ay sseqdacen medden di tmiwa-ya i wakken ad msefhamen wagar-asen : deg ugafa (nord) amur ameqran di medden yettmeslay neɣ ifehhem tafulfuldet, di lweqt i deg tapidgint n teglizit tettuseqdac di lɣerb, ma d tafṛensist tettuseqdac deg timiwa ay d-yeqqimen di tmurt. D acu kan, ulac leḥyuḍ yebḍan ger yal tutlayt d tayeḍ, yernu merṛa tutlayin-agi nezmer ad naf imdanen ay tent-yessnen di merṛa timiwa n tmurt. Tafulfuldet ttmeslayen-tt yernu tettwafham di tama n ugafa (nord) anda ay tella tama n Adamawa akk d temnaḍin (provinces) n ugafa ubɛid, dɣa, akal i deg tettuseqdac tfulfuldet yewweḍ ɣer 162.107 km² neɣ 34,8 % seg wakal n Cameroun.\nAzal n 3 yimelyunen n medden ay yettmeslayen tafulfuldet, xas ma yella amur ameqran di medden-agi d almad ay tt-lemden, maci d nettat ay d tutlayt-nsen tayemmat. Wid yesɛan tafulfuldet d tutlayt-nsen tayemmat (Ifulfuldeyen) ur ttɛeddin ara i 350.000, maca tutlayt-nsen si zik ay tesɛa azal. Di lqern wis 17, tafulfuldet tettuseqdec d tutlayt i wezraɛ n Lislam deg ugafa (nord) n Cameroun. Tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun sseqdacen-tt aṭas n medden maci ala di tmiwa ay teḥkem zik Briṭanya (timnaḍin n Ugafa Utrim d Wenẓul Utrim), wanag ula di tmiwa n yiri n lebḥeṛ akk d lɣerb n Cameroun. Ass-a, nezmer ad nḥulfu i tezrirt (influence) n tpidgint-agi ula di temnaḍin i deg sseqdacen tafṛensist. Dɣa ass-a, tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun ur teqqim ara d tutlayt n teywalt (communication) ala kan ger Yikamruniyen yessawalen taglizit, wanag attan la tettimɣur, la tteffeɣ ɣef tlisa-s n zik-nni u tezmer, yiwwas, ad tuɣal d tutlayt n teywalt taɣelnawt (nationale). Ama di temdinin neɣ di tmurt, tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun tuɣal la tettuseqdac di teklizin (églises) am wakken tettuseqdac di leswaq, deg yinegsaren (parking) n tkeṛwas, di teɣsarin (gares) n tmacinin, deg wezniq neɣ di tegnatin nniḍen. Yuɣ lḥal, tutlayt-agi "ur nelli n yiwen" nuɣal nezmer ad tt-naf anda ma nedda di tudert timettit-tudmist (socio-économique) n yimezdaɣen n Cameroun, yernu si tallit n Lalman ay tebda tpidgint-agi la tetturar dduṛ-agi.\nMa yella d tafṛensist, alamma ay d asmi ay tewwi Cameroun azarug-is (indépendance) ay tuɣal tesɛa dduṛ meqqren di teywalt (communication), imi seg yimir-n d asawen, bdan Yikamruniyen la lemmden s waṭas tutlayt-a. Dɣa, menɣir tlata-nni n temnaḍin (provinces) n ugafa anda d tafulfuldet ay d tutlayt n teywalt akk d snat-nni n temnaḍin i deg ssawalen (tapidgint n) taglizit, d tafṛensist ay yetturaren dduṛ meqqren di teywalt di xemsa-nni n temnaḍin nniḍen ay d-yegran di Cameroun. S waya, tennulfa-d yiwet n tefṛensist d taɣerfant (populaire), sseqdacen-tt Yikamruniyen yettmeslayen tutlayin yemgerraden wagar-asen, ladɣa di temdinin d tmiwa iqerben ɣer temdint. Nnig waya, Ikamruniyen merṛa, ama d wid yesseqdacen taglizit, tafṛensist neɣ tafulfuldet, ttemsefhamen merṛa wagar-asen s tefṛensist, u tettɣimi-d tutlayt-a d nettat ay d tutlayt n wemsefham tameqrant akk di tmurt. Snat-nni n tutlayin tunṣibin n Cameroun, taglizit d tefṛensist, kecemnt-d s amezruy n tmurt-a di 1916, asmi ay tettwarna Lalman u tettwabḍa Cameroun ger Fṛansa d Briṭanya. Inehrasen (colonisateurs) imaynuten nudan ad ḥettmen tutlayt-nsen ɣef yimezdaɣen n tmurt-agi, ladɣa deg yinurar n uselmed akk d tedbelt (administration). D aya ay yessawḍen snat-agi n tutlayin ad fkent aẓar di Cameroun di tallit n tsehrest (listiɛmaṛ), yernu asmi ay tewwi Cameroun azarug-is (indépendance), uɣalent ǧehdent ugar. Asmi ay teddukel Cameroun, di 1961, taglizit d tefṛensist uɣalent d snat n tutlayin tunṣibin n tmurt-a imi Cameroun tefren ad tesselḥu tamurt s tesnutlayt (bilinguisme).\nTasertit n tutlayt di tallit n tsehrest (listiɛmaṛ)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]\nYessefk ad d-nini dakken uqbel ma kecmen-d yinehrasen (colonisateurs) ɣer Cameroun, kra n tutlayin tineṣliyin n tmurt-a ssawḍent ad sɛunt azal d ameqran. Tutlayt tabamunt (bamun) tella d yiwet si tutlayin-agi, yernu d sselṭan Njoya (yiwen ugellid ineslem n Cameroun) ay tt-yesqeɛɛden i wakken ad tuɣal d tutlayt n uselmed, uqbel ma wwḍen-d yemseɣdaden (missionnaires) almaniyen. Tutlayt tafulfuldet daɣen tella tesɛa azal meqqren imi di lqern wis 17, d ta ay d tutlayt ay yettusqedcen i wezraɛɛ n Lislam di tlata-nni n temnaḍin n ugafa (nord).\nDi tallit n tsehrest (listiɛmaṛ), timura tinehrasin gant ifadden i wakken d tutlayin-nsent ara yettuseqdacen. Xas ma yella tadbelt talmanit di Cameroun tga ifadden i wakken d talmanit ara yettusqedcen di tmurt-a, imseɣdaden (missionnaires) almaniyen d yimarikaniyen iprisbitiriyen smenyafen ad sqedcen tutlayin tineṣliyin n yimezdaɣen n Cameroun, am tbasaat (basaa), tabulut (bulu), tadualat (duala), tewondot (ewondo) akk d tmungakat (mungaka) i wakken ad slemden medden u ad ten-id-sxedmen ɣer ddin amasiḥi. Xas ma yella almaniyen ur ldin ara aṭas n yiɣerbazen di Cameroun, maca ɛerḍen ad ḥettmen ɣef yiɣerbazen ad sseqdacen talmanit, u ḥeṛsen imseɣdaden i wakken ad gen aya. D acu kan, imseɣdaden llan tṭfen aṭas n yiɣerbazen yernu d nitni ay yellan ḥekmen deg uselmed di tallit talmanit, di Cameroun.\nXas llan Walmaniyen bɣan ad ḥettmen tutlayt-nsen ɣef Yikamruniyen, ineggura-yagi kemmlen la sseqdacen tutlayin-nsen tineṣliyin wagar-asen mebla uguren. Asmi ay texṣer Lalman tamurt n Cameroun, inehrasen (colonisateurs) imaynuten wwin-d yid-sen tasertit (politique) n tutlayin nniḍen. Ibriṭaniyen ḥekmen Cameroun s webrid arusrid (indirectement), u d lḥekkam ineṣliyen n tmurt i yes tella Briṭanya la tesselḥay tamurt, dɣa, nezmer ad d-nini dakken di tegnit am ta, qrib yettuḥettem ɣef Yikamruniyen ad issinen u ad sqedcen tutlayin-nsen tineṣliyin. Maca deg weḥric-nni ay teḥkem Fṛansa, Ifṛensisen llan bɣan ad ssertin (assimiler) Ikamruniyen, meḥsub ad asen-mḥun laṣel-nsen, tamagit-nsen (identité) u ad ten-rren d Ifṛensisen. D aya ay yedǧan Fṛansa ur tqebbel ara aseqdec n tutlayin tineṣliyin. Di tmiwa yellan s ddaw n leɛnaya tabriṭanit, kra n tutlayin tineṣliyin am tbafutt (bafut), tadualat (duala) akk d tmungakat (mungaka) llant la ttuseqdacent lwaḥid akk d teglizit deg uselmed. Yuɣ lḥal, Ibriṭaniyen dǧan timsal n uselmed ger yifassen n trebbaɛ n ddin akk d wusligen (privés), di lweqt i deg adabu afṛensis d netta ay d-yelhan s timmad-is s wakk timsal n uselmed n Yefriqiyen yellan s ddaw leḥkem-is. Di tmiwa ay teḥkem Fṛansa, dima llan yemgerraden (conflits) ger yemseɣdaden (missionnaires) d udabu afṛensis, imi imseɣdaden kemmlen la sseqdacen tutlayin tineṣliyin i lmend n uselmed d usexdem n medden ɣer tmasiḥit. D aya ay yedǧan adabu afṛensis ad yeg ussisen (efforts) i wakken ad yesnerni tafṛensist di Cameroun di lweqt i deg yerra tutlayin tineṣliyin di rrif. Di 1917, tadbelt (administration) tafṛensist tuɣal la tettak tallalt (lemɛawna) n yedrimen i yiɣerbazen yesseqdacen tafṛensist d tutlayt n uselmed. Sakkin, deg umenzu n Tubeṛ akk d 28 Dujembeṛ 1920, yeffeɣ-d usaḍuf i wakken ad ttwaɣelqen yiɣerbazen yellan sselmaden s tutlayin tineṣliyin di Cameroun, ad yeɣleq 47 yiɣerbazen ay yeldi ugellid Njoya di tama n Yibamunen, anda tutlayt n uselmed tella d tabamunt. Ma di 1922, Fṛansa teɣleq 1800 yiɣerbazen n yemseɣdaden iprisbitiriyen imarikaniyen i deg tutlayt n uselmed tella d tabulut (bulu). Tkemmel Fṛansa la tɣelleq deg yiɣerbazen, alamma ay d asmi ay d-teqqim tefṛensist d tutlayt tawḥidt n uselmed di Cameroun. D acu kan, xas texdem Fṛansa akk aya, tutlayin tineṣliyin kemmlent la ttuseqdacent deg usexdem n medden ɣer ddin amasiḥi d teywalt (communication) ger medden. Dɣa, di lweqt i deg tutlayt tunṣibt (officielle) tella d tutlayt n teywalt tunṣibt, tutlayin tineṣliyin d nitenti ay yellan d tutlayin n teywalt ɣer wegdud ama di teklizt (église), deg leswaq, neɣ di tmeɣriwin tidelsanin, deg wexxam d wanda nniḍen. Maca tisertiyin (politiques) n tutlayt ay sqedcent Lalman, Briṭanya akk d Fṛansa ur dǧint ara ad tili kra n tutlayt taneṣlit ara yesɛun azal meqqren ugar n tiyaḍ, u ad tuɣal d nettat ay d tutlayt taɣelnawt asmi ara tawi Cameroun azarug-is (indépendance).\nTasertit n tutlayt di tallit n uzarug (indépendance)[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]\nAsmi ay tewwi Cameroun azarug-is, d tafṛensist ay yuɣalen d tutlayt-is tunṣibt (officielle) di tama yessawalen tafṛensist, di lweqt i deg taglizit tuɣal d tutlayt tunṣibt n tama yessawalen taglizit. Asmi ay teddukel tmurt deg umenzu n Tubeṛ, 1961, tagduda tafidiṛalit ay d-ilulen imir-n tuɣal tesɛa snat tutlayin tunṣibin. Cameroun, am waṭas n tmura tifriqiyin nniḍen, tesmenyaf d tutlayin "tirawsanin" (neutres) ay tesmenyaf ad tent-terr d tutlayin tunṣibin, imi taglizit akk d tefṛensist ur llint ara d tutlayin tineṣliyin n kra n wegdud yettidiren di Cameroun, yernu adabu akamruni iga aya i wakken ur d-ttilin ara wuguren ger yegduden, yernu ur yettṣerrif ara diɣ udabu idrimen i wakken ad yesnerni tutlayin tineṣliyin n tmurt. S waya ay nezmer ad nefhem ayɣer ay yerra udabu tutlayin tineṣliyin di rrif u yesmenyaf tutlayin n yinehrasen (colonisateurs) iqburen. Kra waggagen (intellectuels) ikamruniyen am Fonlon (di 1963), ur kukran ara ad d-ssumren (proposer) dakken yessefk ad rren aselmed n yigerdan d asnutlay (bilingue) seg yiseggasen imezwura n uɣerbaz, imi di tallit-nni ay ttilin yigerdan mazal-iten leqqaqit i wakken ad lemden tutlayin timaynutin. Ma d tutlayin tineṣliyin, nezmer ad d-nini dakken ur sɛin ara akk amkan deg yiseggasen imezwura n uzarug (indépendance) n Cameroun. Maca, xas ma yella anabaḍ yessusem, llant aṭas n trebbaɛ ay iqedcen mebla aḥbas i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayin tineṣliyin, u gar-asent nezmer ad d-nebder PROPELCA (Programme de Recherche Opérationnelle pour l'Enseignement des Langues au Cameroun), ara iqeddcen si 1977 ɣef temsal yerzan aselmed s tutlayin tiyemmatin di Cameroun. Maca llant daɣen trebbaɛ n SIL-Cameroun, Tiddukla Takamrunit n Tsuqilt n Wedlis d Uselmed n Tɣuri (CABTAL) akk d Tiddukla Taɣelnawt n Tseqquma n Tutlayt Tikamruniyin (National Association of Cameroonian Language Committees (NACALCO). Di 1979, yettwaxdem leqdic igerrzen i lmend n usizeɣ (standardisation) n tirawt n tutlayin tikamruniyin yernu aya yettekka mliḥ deg wesnerni n tutlayin-agi. Tamenḍawt n 18 Yennayer 1996 teḍmen akemmel n tsertit tunṣibt n tesnutlayt (bilinguisme) d wesnerni n tutlayin tiɣelnawin (tineṣliyin) n Cameroun, yernu aya yusa-d kan d akemmel i leqdic-nni ay d-bdant trebbaɛ-agi iqedcen ɣef tutlayin tineṣliyin, yernu tamenḍawt-agi d ayen ara yedǧen Cameroun ad teg leqrar ama i tutlayin-is tunṣibin, ama i tutlayin-is tineṣliyin ay yellan merṛa d aḥric si tgemmi (patrimoine) tadelsant n tmurt-agi. Di 1998, yella-d diɣ ubeddel d ameqran ɣef tutlayin n Cameroun imi amni (parlement) akamruni yesɛedda yiwen usenfar n usaḍuf (projet de loi) ay yefkan azal i uselmed n tutlayin tiɣelnawin, dɣa d asenfar-agi ay yuɣalen d asaḍuf 98/004 n 14 Yebrir 1998 ay d-iga uselway i lmend n uselmed n tutlayin tineṣliyin n tmurt. Xas ma yella Aɣlif (ministère) n Uselmed aɣelnaw werɛad ur d-igi ara aɣawas (plan) i wakken ad yexdem s usaḍuf-agi deg wennar, ulac ccek dakken asmi ay d-tga Cameroun asaḍuf-agi, tebda-d tikli tamaynut i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayin-is tiɣelnawin. D acu kan, mi ara nwali mliḥ ɣer wayen d-yeqqar usaḍuf-agi d tegnit i deg tella Cameroun, nezmer ad nesteqsi iman-nneɣ ma yella dɣa d tidet Cameroun tezmer ad d-tesseḍru ayen teɛzem ad t-texdem neɣ asaḍuf-agi ad yeqqim kan di lkaɣeḍ (am tmenḍawt n 1996), ad yettṛaju melmi ara t-id-sseḍrun deg wennar. Yuɣ lḥal llan yagi kra ara yettwalin dakken anabaḍ (lḥukuma) ur ixeddem ara ayen d-yenna. Xas ma yella asaḍuf-agi d ussis (lmeǧhud) i wakken ad teg ddewla ayen yessefken i tutlayin tiɣelnawin, maca aɛetṭel n ddewla i wakken ad texdem s usaḍuf-a yesbanay-d dakken imḍebbren xedmen-d asaḍuf-agi uqbel lawan-is neɣ ur xemmen ara akken yessefk i wakken ad t-id-gen. Akka ay s-teḍra diɣ i tmenḍawt-nni n 1996. Dɣa, deg wayen yerzan aselmed n tutlayin-agi, mazal werɛad ur tefri ara yiwet n temsalt : lemmer ad kecment tutayin tiɣelnawin s aɣerbaz, inelmaden ad tent-lemden d tinegwa (matières) neɣ ad lemmden yis-sent kullec ? Asaḍuf akamruni yenna-d dakken inelmaden ad lemmden tutlayin-agi d tinegwa, d acu kan, lemmer ad ttusqedcent tutlayin tiɣelnawin d ttawil i uselmed, aṭas n Yikamruniyen ara ilemden tutlayin-nsen tiyemmatin, yernu aya ad yessishel aselmed n tɣuri i waṭas n yimezdaɣen n tmurt. Lemmer ad ttuslemdent tutlayin-agi d tinegwa kan, mazal llan wuguren nniḍen ay yessefk ad ten-yefru unabaḍ akamruni. Yuɣ lḥal, ma iḥelles-d unabaḍ ad yesseḍru ayen d-yenna usaḍuf n 1998, yessefk ad ixemmem ɣef yeswiren (niveaux) n yinelmaden umi ara yesselmed tutlayin tineṣliyin, d wacḥal n tsaɛtin ara lemmden yinelmaden tutlayin-agi di dduṛt, am wakken ay yessefk ad ssersen tiwtilin (ccuruṭ) ay yessefken ad ilin deg yiselmaden ara yeslemden tutlayin-agi, imi aselmed n tutlayin tineṣliyin s wudem iṣehḥan ur yessefk ara ad yettunefk kan i menwala, yernu yessefk diɣ ɣef unabaḍ ad yessɣer iselmaden imaynuten u ad asen-yeg ifadden, am wakken ara d-yessebded timṣukyin (structures) ara d-yelhun d useḍru n tsertit-agi (politique) u yessefk diɣ ɣef unabaḍ ad d-yefk idrimen ara yettusqedcen i wakken ad ttwaxedmen akk lecɣal-agi s wudem iṣehḥan.\nS umata, tagnit n tutlayin di Cameroun ur txulef ara tin n umur ameqran di tmura n wenẓul (sud) n Sṣeḥra : d timura i deg llant aṭas n tutlayin; tutlayt n unehras (colonisateur) aqbur d nettat ay d tutlayt tunṣibt; anabaḍ (lḥukuma) terra tutlayin tineṣliyin di rrif; mazal timura-yagi sɛan assaɣen (liens) iǧehden akk d tmura ay tent-yeshersen (ay tent-yesteɛmṛen) zik-nni; yernu llan wuguren ger yegduden yettmeslayen tutlayin yemgerraden (yemxallafen) di tmura-ya. Tasnutlayt tunṣibt d uselmed asnutlay Akken d-nenna sufella-yagi, tasnutlayt (bilinguisme) d nettat ay d tasertit (politique) tunṣibt (officielle) ay i ɣef tebna Cameroun tasertit-is n tutlayin. Amagrad 1, taṣeddart 3 n tmenḍawt (constitution) n 18 Yennayer 1996 yesban-d mliḥ aya : "Tutlayin tunṣibin n Tegduda n Cameroun d taglizit d tefṛensist, tutlayin-agi di snat sɛɛant yiwen uẓayer (statut). Awanak (ddewla) yessefk ad yeḍmen asnerni n tesnutlayt di merṛa timiwa akk d yinurar merṛa n tmurt, am wakken yessefk diɣ ad yeḥrez u ad yesnerni tutlayin tiɣelnawin." Xas ma yella timenḍawin iɛeddan n Cameroun, seg wasmi ay tewwi tmurt-agi azarug, mmeslayent-d ɣef tsertit tunṣibt n tesnutlayt, ar ass-a, werɛad ur tban ara tsertit-agi deg wennar. Xas ma yella tamenḍawt teqqar-d dakken tafṛensist akk d teglizit sɛant yiwen uẓayer, meḥsub ɛedlent di Cameroun, d tafṛensist ay yernan taglizit deg yinurar n tedbelt (administration), aselmed d ttawilat n teywalt (communication). Yuɣ lḥal, nezmer ad d-nini mebla akukru dakken tafṛensist s yisem-is d tutlayt, d idles neɣ d tasertit, teǧhed deg wakk inurar n tmurt. Tafṛensist terna taglizit imi tamezwarut-agi ttmeslayen-tt u fehhmen-tt waṭas n medden, wid yessawalen tafṛensist si zik ay tṭfen imukan iɛlayanen n unabaḍ (lḥukuma) akk d tedbelt (administration) yernu Cameroun ur tesɛi ara tasetit n tutlayin ara iḍemnen s tidet izerfan (lḥuquq) n tutlayin tidersanin (minoritaires). Nnig waya, tasertit tunṣibt n tesnutlayt tesnulfa-d bedḍu ger wid yettmeslayen taglizit d wid yettmeslayen tafṛensist di Cameroun, yernu deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, nger tamawt dakken aya yezmer ad yessiweḍ ɣer wuguren imeqranen ay izemren ad bḍun tamurt. Dɣa, xas ma yella tasertit n tesnutlayt tettwaxdem-d i wakken ad tesdukel tamurt, tasertit-agi tezmer daɣen ad tili d ssebba n wuguren neɣ n bedḍu n tmurt. Imi d tafṛensist ay iǧehden deg yinurar merṛa, uɣalen wid yessawalen taglizit la ttḥulfun i yiman-nsen ttwaḥeqren, u la ttwalin dakken taglizit-nni-nsen d ssiman ay ten-yesduklen, msegman wagar-asen u ttḥulfun dakken sɛan tamagit (identité) ay ten-icerken. Wid yessawalen taglizit dima ttasmen ɣef tmiwa i deg ttidiren di Cameroun. Dɣa, asmi ay d-ffɣent ddiɛayat deg yiseggasen n 90 dakken anabaḍ ad d-yesnulfu timnaḍin (provinces) timaynutin i yes ara yesdukel timnaḍin yessawalen taglizit akk d temnaḍin yessawalen tafṛensist ay ten-id-iqerben i wakken ad d-gent timnaḍin tifulmanin (autonomes), imezdaɣen n temnaḍin yessawalen taglizit ugin aya yernu nnuɣen i wakken ur d-yettili ara rṛay-agi. Wid yessawalen taglizit walan dakken aya d aɣawas (plan) ay d-ihegga udabu i wakken ad yarez timiwa yessawalen taglizit ɣer tmiwa yessawalen tafṛensist, dɣa s waya, zemren ad sṛuḥen tutlayt taglizit d yedles-nsen. Imi ay d-tewḥel Cameroun di tallit-nni di tegnit iweɛṛen am tin, bdan yemḍebbren ikamruniyen la ttemcawaṛen i wakken ad d-xedmen tamenḍawt tamaynut, deg wayen umi semman "askasi ameqran" (grand débat). Wid yessawalen taglizit, s umata, smenyafen ad teqqim tmurt n Cameroun dima s ɛecṛa temnaḍin-yines, mebla ma beddlent tlisa-nsent, u ma yella anabaḍ la yettxemmim ad yefk tafulmant (autonomie) i kra n temnaḍin, wid yessawalen taglizit smenyafen ad yefk kan tafulmant i wakk timnaḍin n tmurt u ad yerr Cameroun d tamurt tafidiṛalit.\nI wakken ad tesnerni Cameroun tasertit n tesnutlayt (bilinguisme), tebda la tesselmad s snat tutlayin si 1961. Yella yessefk ihi ɣef tmurt ad tesseqdec snat tutlayin deg uselmed, ladɣa deg weswir (niveau) n tesdawit. Cameroun tesɛa setta n tesdawiyin n uwanak (ddewla), ṛebɛa deg-sent sseqdacent tafṛensist d teglizit d tutlayin n uselmed. Di tesdawit takamrunit, wid yessawalen tafṛensist d wid yessawalen taglizit ttɣimin idis s idis deg yimukan anda ay qqaren, lemmden akken. Ma d aselmad yesseqdac tutlayt tunṣibt ay yessen xir i wakken ad yesselmed timsirin-is (dduṛus) di lweqt i deg inelmaden ttaddamen tinqiḍin s tutlayt ay sen-yehwan, yernu asmi ara d-awḍen yikayaden (examens), zemren ad ten-sɛeddin s tutlayt ay sen-yehwan diɣ, ama s teglizit neɣ s tefṛensist. D acu kan, aseqdec n snat tutlayin di tesdawit takamrunit d ayen ay d-yeglan s waṭas n wuguren. Tamenzut, amur ameqran di temsirin s tefṛensist ay yettwaxdam, imi amur ameqran deg yiselmaden seg wid yessawalen tafṛensist, yernu inelmaden yessawalen taglizit ur ten-yeɛǧib ara waya u ttḥulfun dakken la yettɛeddi meḥyaf fell-asen. ɣef leḥsab n tezrawin (études) ay iga Tambi (1973) d Njeck (1992), di tasdawit n Yaoundé, 80% si temsirin yettwaxdam s tefṛensist di lweqt i deg ala kan 20% n temsirin ara yettwaxdamen s teglizit. D aya ay yedǧan inelmaden yessawalen taglizit ur ferṛḥen ara s tsertit tunṣibt n tesnutlayt di tmurt-nsen. Ugur nniḍen ay d-yesnulfa uselmed asnutlay netta d tukci n tenqiḍin deg yikayaden (examens), imi inelmaden yessawalen taglizit qqaren-d dakken iselmaden ur d asen-ttaken ara tinqiḍin yelhan. Di Cameroun, anelmad yezmer ad yesɛeddi akayad-is ama s tefṛensist neɣ s teglizit, maca aṭas seg wid yessawalen taglizit, mi ur rebbḥen ara di tezrawin-nsen, d iselmaden-nsen ay sseḍlamen, u qqaren-d dakken iselmaden yessawalen tafṛensist, imi ur ẓwiren ara di teglizit, ur fehhmen ara akken yessefk ayen d-uran yinelmaden-nsen yessawalen taglizit. Dɣa aya d yiwet si ssebbat ay yedǧan ikamruniyen yessawalen taglizit d wid yessawalen tafṛensist ur ttemsefhamen ara yernu yal tarbaɛt tettcikki di tayeḍ. Ma d taluft tis tlata ay d-tesnulfa tsertit-agi n tesnutlayt teqqen s aselmed n tutlayt tunṣibt tis snat i yinelmaden. Yuɣ lḥal, i wakken inelmaden ikamruniyen ad afen iman-nsen di tmurt-nsen u ad ilin wejden i wakken ad ɣren akken yessefk, adabu yesselmad tafṛensist i yinelmaden yessawalen taglizit, am wakken yesselmad taglizit i yinelmaden yessawalen tafṛensist. D acu kan, aselmed-agi n uheggi ur yettwaxdem akken yessefk, adabu ur yefki ara ttawilat yessefken i waya, yernu inelmaden ur sɛin ara lebɣi iǧehden i wakken ad lemden tutlayt-nsen tunṣibt tis snat. Anect-a maci d ayen ittgen ifadden i yinelmaden i wakken ad nadin ɣren mliḥ. Yessefk ɣef Cameroun ad tesselhu aselmed n uheggi ay tteg i yinelmaden, am wakken ara teqdec i wakken ad tesselhu aswir (niveau) n tmusni n yiselmaden di tutlayin tunṣibin. Aya ad yedǧ inelmaden ad sɛun laman xir n zik deg yiselmaden-nsen, yernu wid yessawalen taglizit ur ttḥulfun ara i yiman-nsen ttwaḥeqren.\nYessefk diɣ ad d-nger tamawt dakken imi Cameroun tesɛa snat tutlayin tunṣibin, aya yedǧa tamurt-agi ad tesɛu sin yinagrawen (systèmes) n uselmed yemgerraden, yernu ula d aya yesnulfa-d uguren yeḥwaǧen tifratin. Deg unagraw n uselmed afṛensis, taglizit d tanga (matière) yettuḥettmen ɣef wakk inelmaden seg wasmi ara d-bdun almad alamma d asmi ara faken almad-nsen alemmas. D acu kan, deg unagraw n uselmed aglizi, yessefk ɣef akk inelmaden ad lemden tafṛensist seg useggas-nsen amenzu n welmad alamma d asmi ara awḍen s aswir n GCE. Dɣa, anelmad yessawalen tafṛensist yernu yeɣra s unagraw afṛensist yewjed ad yelmed di tesdawit s tefṛensist xir n unelmad yessawalen taglizit u yeɣra s unagraw aglizi. Nnig waya, tukci n tenqiḍin temxallaf ger unagraw aglizi d unagraw afṛensis, yernu anect-a d ugur meqqren deg uselmed. Anelmad yeqqaren s unagraw aglizi yettextiri tamezzugt (spécialité) asmi ara yextir tinegwa (matières) i deg yeẓwer, yernu d tinegwa-nni kan ara yesɛeddi asmi ara yesɛeddi akayad n GCE (lbak), di lweqt i deg anelmad yeqqaren s unagraw afṛensis yettuḥettem fell-as ad iɣer akk tinegwa yernu ur irebbeḥ ara alamma yewwi-d talemmast (moyenne) deg wakk tinegwa ay yeqqar. Nnig waya, deg wayen yerzan aselmed n tutlayin tiberṛaniyin, d anagraw n welmad afṛensis ay yifen anagraw n welmad aglizi. Deg unagraw afṛensis, inelmaden yeqqaren deg uɣerbaz alemmas lemmden taspenyulit d talmanit, di lweqt i deg anagraw aglizi ur yesselmad ara i yinelmaden-is tutlayin-agi, dɣa wid yessawalen tafṛensist ifen wid yessawalen taglizit di tmusni n tutlayin tiberṛaniyin, yernu aya yezmer ad yedǧ inelmaden yeɣran s teglizit ad ḥulfun dakken ttwaḥeqren. Yuɣ lḥal, xas ma yella Cameroun la tesselḥay tamurt s tsertit n tesnutlayt, tamurt-a werɛad ur tesɛi ara tasertit n useqɛed n tutlayt ara tt-yedǧen ad tesseqdec snat tutlayin akken yessefk. Adabu ur a ixeddem acemma i wakken ad iẓer ma yella ayen ixeddem ɣef tutlayt yewwi-d kra n lfayda neɣ ala. Xas ma yella taglizit akk d tefṛensist simmal la irennu uzal-nsent di Cameroun u la ttuɣalent d tutlayin n wemsefham ger Yikamruniyen yettmeslayen aṭas n tutlayin yemgerraden, adabu ur a itteg acemma i wakken ad yesnerni snat-agi n tutlayin. Lemmer d lebɣi, adabu yessefk ad yeqdec ɣef useqɛed d usizeɣ n teglizit akk d tefṛensist n Cameroun, d acu kan, ar ass-a mazal adabu yesxasṣ ttawil i wanect-a. Tamurt ur tezmir ara ad tesnerni tutlayin-is tunṣibin mebla ma tga aya. Amkan n tutlayin tineṣliyin\nDi tmurt n Cameroun, adabu yesseqdac kan tutlayin tunṣibin di lweqt i deg tutlayin tineṣliyin ala d agdud ay tent-yesseqdacen, citṭaḥ kan deg-sent ay yettwarun, yernu ddrent kan deg yilsawen n medden ay tent-yesseqdacen wagar-asen ama di tmurt neɣ deg yexxamen. Di temsalt-agi, Bitja'a Kody yenna-d : "tutlayin tiɣelnawin (tineṣliyin) ddrent kan deg yimawen n medden, la tent-sseqdacen kan sdaxel n twacult. Adabu ur yettnadi ara akk ad tent-yesseqdec ala kan di lḥemlat n tefranin (lbuṭ) anda kra ttmeslayen s tutlayin tiɣelnawin i wakken ad qennɛen medden. Ula d yiwet si tutlayin tiɣelnawin ur tettuseqdac di tedbelt (administration) neɣ di tɣemsa (presse), wala deg udellel neɣ di tilibizyu taɣelnawt, wala deg yiɣerbazen n ddewla neɣ di lḥemlat n uselmed n tɣuri ay ixeddem udabu." Ass-a, tutlayin-agi atenti la teddunt i wakken ad negrent, ladɣa di temdinin anda ay uɣalen yelmeẓyen la sseqdacen ugar tutlayin tunṣibin (officielles). Bitja'a Kody (2001) yenna-d dakken ɣef leḥsab n yiwet n tezrawt (étude) yettwaxedmen di temdint n Yaoundé, 32% seg yelmeẓyen yesɛan ger 10 d 17 yiseggasen di leɛmeṛ-nsen ur ssinen ara ad ssiwlen ula d yiwet si tutlayin tineṣliyin n Cameroun. D tafṛensist ay d tutlayt-nsen tawḥidt i yes ttemsefhamen akk d wiyaḍ. Bitja'a Kody yenna-d dakken ilmeẓyen yellan di liḥala-yagi mazal ad rnun di lǧil ara d-iteddun, imi Ikamruniyen ur nessin ara tutlayin tineṣliyin n tmurt ur zemmren ara ad slemden tutlayin-agi i yigerdan-nsen. Yuɣ lḥal, d Ikamruniyen s timmad-nsen ara ineqqen tutlayin-nsen tineṣliyin. Di lweqt i deg timenḍawin (constitutions) tiqdimin n Cameroun (1961, 1972, 1984) ur d-nnint acemma ɣef tutlayin tineṣliyin n Cameroun, tin n 1996 tefka azal i wesnerni-nsent, yernu aya d abeddel ameqran deg wennar n tsertit n tutlayin di Cameroun. Nnig waya, awanak (ddewla) itteg ifadden i medden (usligen - privés) i wakken ad qedcen i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayin tineṣliyin. ɣef waya, tirebbaɛ tusligin (privées) gant isenfaren (projets) n uneɛruḍ n uselmed akk d unadi ɣef tutlayin tineṣliyin yernu adabu, xas ma yella ur a d-yettak ara afus n lemɛawna, yeqbel iqeddicen-agi s tsusmi. Iqeddicen ay xeddment trebbaɛ am SIL-Cameroon, CABTAL akk d NACALCO d ayen igerrzen iteddun deg webrid yelhan : tirebbaɛ-agi la qeddcent i wakken ad ssizɣent (standardiser) tutlayin tineṣliyin u ad tent-slemden, am wakken ara ttgent leqdicat n unadi fell-asent u qeddcent i wakken ad tent-ttmeslayen medden yernu ur neggrent ara. D acu kan, nesḥissif imi tutlayin tineṣliyin mazal-itent ɣabent deg uɣerbaz n uwanak (ddewla), xas ma yella, ɣef leḥsab n wakken ay d-yeqqar Chumbow (1996), "aseqdec n tutlayin tiyemmatin seg yiseggasen imezwura n uselmed yetturar dduṛ meqqren deg wesnerni n tḥeṛci n wegrud".\nXas ma yella kra n tmura n Tefriqt n ddaw n Sṣeḥra sseqdacent tutlayin tineṣliyin deg uselmed di tlata yiseggasen imezwura n uselmed, Cameroun tesseqdac tutlayin-is tunṣibin (tafṛensist d teglizit) deg wakk iswiren (niveaux) n welmad, seg wasmi ara d-bdun warrac almad-nsen alamma d asmi ara awḍen ɣer tesdawit. D aya ay yedǧan medden ad ḥemmlen tutlayin tunṣibin u ad sɛunt azal ɣur-sen di lweqt i deg ḥeqren tutlayin tineṣliyin n tmurt-nsen. Maca taḥeqranit-agi n tutlayin tineṣliyin maci ala di Cameroun ay yella, yernu Adegbija (2000) yeqqar-d : "Yuɣ lḥal, deg waṭas n tmura ay yellan zik d tihersin (colonies) n Fṛansa d Portugal, tutlayin tineṣliyin ur ttwaqbalent, ur ttuselmadent deg uɣerbaz ula deg yiseggasen imezwura n welmad. Imi timura-yagi d tigellilin taswiɛt-a, ur bɣint ara ad gent ussisen (lmeǧhudat) i wakken ad beddent i tutlayin-nsent tineṣliyin, nnig waya, imawlan ttnadin i wakken igerdan-nsen ad lemden tutlayin tuṛufiyin (européennes) ɣef zik lḥal. Ttejṛiba tesban-d dakken amur ameqran deg yimawlan di Cameroun ur qbilen ara ad lemden yigerdan-nasen tutlayin tineṣliyin deg uɣerbaz. Aṭas n yimawlan ay yettaznen igerdan-nsen ɣer walmaten n yigerdan (jardins ḍenfants) akken kan ara awḍen tlata yiseggasen i wakken ad lemden taglizit neɣ tafṛensist. D ayen ibanen dakken imawlan ara yefken arraw-nsen i wakken ad lemden tutlayt tunṣibt ur begɣun ara ad lemden warraw-nsen tutlayin tineṣliyin asmi ara kecmen s aɣerbaz. Dɣa, tagnit-agi maci d nettat ara iɛiwnen tutlayin tineṣliyin ad kecment s aɣerbaz akamruni. Almaten n yigerdan sseqdacen tarrayin (méthodes) n uselmed tibriṭaniyin, timarikaniyin neɣ tifṛensisin. D tikli-yagi ay yedǧan timura n Tefriqt taɣerbit ay testeɛmeṛ Fṛansa zik-nni, ad qqiment dima qqnent idles-nsen ɣer Fṛansa, yernu d aya ay d-yezgan d unjug (obstacle) i wakken ur ttnernint ara tutlayin tineṣliyin di tmura-nsent. D acu kan, xas ma yella tebɣa Cameroun ad tessekcem tutlayin tineṣliyin s aɣerbaz, taswiɛt-a, ur tezmir ara ad teg aya, acku ameṣruf (budget) ay yefka udabu n tmurt-a i uselmed mecṭuh mliḥ, yernu ur yettadǧa ara agrud akamruni ad yesɛu ula cwiṭ seg wayen yeḥwaǧ d ttawil i wakken ad yelmed, nnig waya, lexṣaṣ n yedrimen yesxasṣ ula d tasnarrayt (méthodologie) n uselmed akk d usekcem n yiselmaden imaynuten. Seg wakken xusṣen yedrimen di Cameroun alamma ay yeqqim unabaḍ (lḥukuma) ɛecṛa yiseggasen ur yezmir ara ad d-yessekcem iselmaden imaynuten s aɣerbaz amenzu (primaire), yernu alamma ay d melmi kan ay tekfa taluft-agi. Dɣa, di tallit-nni, aṭas n tneɣra (classes) ay yeqqimen mebla aselmad yernu amur ameqran deg yigerdan ur ɣrin ara aṭas neɣ ur ufin ara win ara ten-yesseɣren. Ma yella tadamsa (économie) n tmurt ur tezmir ara i uɣerbaz, amek ay ara tezmer i usekcem n tutlayin tineṣliyin s aɣerbaz amenzu ? Yuɣ lḥal, asekcem n tutlayin s tineṣliyin s aɣerbaz maci d awezɣi neɣ d ayen iweɛṛen aṭas ɣef udabu akamruni, maca ugur atan deg wanect ara d-yesqam waya, ladɣa ma neẓra dakken aṭas seg yiselmaden n yiɣerbazen ikamruniyen la ttuxellaṣen s yedrimen n lemɛawna n Tbanka Tamaḍlant (Banque Mondiale). Imi adabu la yesseqac kan taglizit akk d tefṛensist deg uselmed, yernu yettmeslay d wegdud ala s tutlayin-agi, aṭas n medden yettmeslayen tutlayin tineṣliyin qqimen di rrif, ur zmiren ara ad ttekkin neɣ ad d-inin rṛay-nsen di temsal yesɛan azal di tmurt-nsen, yernu s waya, ur ttazmaren ara ad ttekkin deg wesnerni n tmurt-nsen. Aṭas deg-sen ur ẓrin d acu yellan di tmenḍawt (constitution) wala deg usaḍuf (lqanun) n uɛaqeb n tmurt-nsen d yisuḍaf ay yesselḥayen tudert-nsen. Dɣa, aselḥu n lumuṛ n uwanak (ddewla) d ayen yellan ger yifassen kan n tedɣert (élite), yernu xas ma yella adabu yessefra ad yesselmed taɣuri i yimeqranen, ar ass-a werɛad ur yebdi ara aya. Yuɣ lḥal, Tadaǧeu (1975) yenna-d dakken lemmer adabu ad yesselḥu tamurt s tlata tutlayin, taglizit, tafṛensist d tutlayin tineṣliyin, ad yeg ifadden i wakken ad ttwalemdent deg uɣerbaz u ad ttusqedcent deg yinurar merṛa, aya yezmer ad d-yawi abaɣur (lfayda) meqqren i Yikamruniyen. Ma d nekni si tama-nneɣ, nettwali dakken yelha lemmer tutlayin-agi tineṣliyin ad tent-skecmen deg s aɣerbaz amenzu : tabasaat (basaa), tabulut (bulu), tewondot (ewondo), tadualat (duala), tafe'fe't (fe'fe'), tafulfuldet (fulfulde), tamungakat (mungaka) akk d tpidgint n teglizit. Tabasaat ad tt-sqedcen wid ay tt-yessawalen di tama n yiri n lebḥeṛ n Cameroun akk d temnaḍin (provinces) n tlemmast n tmurt; tabulut akk d tewondot ad tent-sqedcen di tlemmast, deg wenẓul (sud) akk d temnaḍin ticerqiyin; tadualat ad tt-sqedcen wid Yedualaten akk d kra n yegduden n terbaɛt tasawat (sawa) am Yibakweriyen (Bakweri) akk d Yibakossiyen (Bakossi) di temnaḍin n wenẓul aɣerbi, d Yemboten (Mbo) yettidiren di temnaḍt n Yiri n Lebḥeṛ; tafe'fe't ad tt-sqedcen di temnaḍt taɣerbit; tafulfuldet ad tt-sqedcen di tlata-nni n temnaḍin n ugafa; tamungakat ad tt-sqedcen deg Temnaḍt n Ugafa Aɣerbi u di tgara, tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun ad tt-sqedcen di temnaḍin anda ay ttmeslayen taglizit.\nAskasi ɣef tutlayt taɣelnawt[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]\nSeg wasmi ay tewwi Cameroun azarug-is (indépendance), afran n tutlayt taɣelnawt (tutlayt neɣ tutlayin tineṣliyin i yes ara sselḥun tamurt) yella-yas d ugur. Xas ma yella adabu yefren ad yewwet nneḥ ɣef temsalt-agi imi ay yugad lemmer ad yefren kra n tutlayt/tutlayin, u ad yedǧ tiyaḍ, aya ad d-yexleq uguren ger yegduden yemgerraden n Cameroun yernu ad ihudd tadukli n tmurt, kra n waggagen (intellectuels) imeqranen, imuzzag (spécialistes) n uselmed d yimesnilsiyen (linguistes) lhan-d mliḥ akk d temsalt-agi yernu nudan ad as-d-afen tifrat. Ngijol (1964) yessumer-d (proposer) ad tesɛu tmurt n Cameroun yiwet kan n tutlayt taɣelnawt i lmend n teywalt, n uselmed n tɣuri akk d uselmed deg uɣerbaz d wesnerni n tmagit (idendité) tadelsant n tmurt. Ma d Ba Njock (1966), si tama-s, yessumer-d dakken adabu ad yebḍu tamurt d timiwa ɣef leḥsab n tutlayin, yal yiwet ad tesɛu tutlayt-is i yiman-is. Xas ma yella takti-yagi (lfekra) telha, tifrat am ta tezmer ad d-tesnulfu uguren di kra n tmiwa anda ur tban ara d acu-tt tutlayt ay yettuseqdacen deg-sen s waṭas. Ahat, Ba Njock akk d wid yeddan d tmuɣli-s mmeslayen-d ɣef takti-yagi imi ay walan dakken deg yiseggasen n settin, yebda udabu la yesselmad setta si tutlayin tineṣliyin n tmurt di tesdawit tafidiṛalit, d acu kan, adabu akamruni yeḥbes aselmed-agi imi ay yugad lemmer ad d-neṭqen Yikamruniyen yettmeslayen tutlayin nniḍen u ad d-ssutren ad tent-sselmaden ula d nitenti. Nnig waya, i wakken ad yefru udabu tamsalt n wanta ay d tutlayt yifen tayeḍ, imḍebbren nnan-d tutlayin tineṣliyin merṛa n Cameroun d "tutlayin tiɣelnawin", ɛedlent akk yernu ulac amgerrad (lxilaf) gar-asent. Di temlilit n Useqqamu Aɣelnaw n Temsal Tidelsanin ay d-yellan di Yaoundé seg 18 ɣer 22 Dujembeṛ 1974, yeɛzem udabu ad asent-yessawal i tutlayin tineṣliyin "tutlayin tiɣelnawin". D acu kan, di lweqt i deg anabaḍ (lḥukuma) yella yeḥwaǧ ad yesɛu tabɣest (lkuṛaj) i wakken ad yefren anti ay d tutlayin tiɣelnawin i yes ara yesselḥu tamurt, netta yessanef i temsalt-a, u yefren ad yeɛdel ger wakk tutlayin mebla ma yefra ugur. Maca xas ma yella adabu ur yessaweḍ ara ad yefru aya, llant di Cameroun ɛecṛa n rṛadyuwat taẓiyanin (régionales), yal tamnaḍt tesɛa tin-is, yernu ttwaxedment-d i wakken ad ttmeslayen s tutlayin ay ttmeslayen aṭas di temnaḍin-nsent. Lweqt ay tettak yal rṛadyu i tutlayt-is taneṣlit yemxallaf si temnaḍt ɣer tayeḍ. Di temnaḍt n Ugafa Ubɛid (Extrême-Nord), rṛadyu n temnaḍt tettak 27.36% si lweqt-is i tutlayin tineṣliyin, ma d tamnaḍt n Ugafa Aɣerbi, rṛadyu-yines yellan di Bamenda tettak kan 4,17% si lweqt-is i tutlayin tineṣliyin. Yuɣ lḥal, yella wemgerrad d ameqran di lweqt ay tettak yal rṛadyu i tutlayin tineṣliyin, yernu aya yesskan-d dakken yal rṛadyu d nettat ay yettḍebbiren deg wanect ara tefk d lweqt i tutlayin-agi. Amur ameqran di teywalt (communication) yettwaxdam s teglizit d tefṛensist, ama di rṛadyu neɣ di tilibizyu n Cameroun, yernu aya yesskan-d dakken amur ameqran seg yimezdaɣen n Cameroun rran-ten di rrif imi ur sen-ttmeslayen ara s tutlayin-nsen, di lweqt i deg Ikamruniyen-agi, lemmer ad asen-mmeslayen s tutlayin ay fehhmen, zemren ad nefɛen tamurt-nsen ugar. Ula d Todd (1983) tettwali dakken yelha lemmer ad tefren Cameroun yiwet kan n tutlayt taɣelnawt. ɣef leḥsab-is nettat, tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun tezmer ad turar dduṛ n tutlayt taɣelnawt mebla uguren imi tutlayt-a tesɛa tamṣuka (structure) iqerben ɣer tin n tutlayin tineṣliyin, yernu d nettat kan ay d tutlayt tawḥidt di Cameroun ur nesɛi ara agdud neɣ taqbilt ay tt-yettmeslayen d tutlayt-is taneṣlit, ur tesɛi tama ibanen anda ay tt-ttmeslayen wala ddyana yeqqnen ɣur-s, am wakken ur telli ara d tutlayt ay d-iḥettem kra n unabaḍ (lḥukuma) n yinehrasen (colonisateurs). S waya, wid yetṭfen talemmast ttwalin dakken tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun d tutlayt ay izemren ad tesdukel mliḥ Ikamruniyen imi "ur telli d tutlayt n yiwen".\nLlan wid ur neddi ara rṛay-agi, qqaren-d dakken tapidgint teqreb ɣer teglizit yernu amur ameqran di tmawalt-is (léxique) d awalen ay d-yekkan si teglizit.D acu kan, imi tutlayt-agi ttmeslayen-tt u ttemsefhamen yis-s waṭas n medden yettmeslayen tutlayin yemgerraden, yelha ma yella tettuseqdec d tutlayt n uselmed, u teqqar-d Todd (1983) dakken "lemmer ad tuɣal tpidgintd tutlayt n uselmed, aya ur d-yesqamay ara aṭas i unabaḍ (lḥukuma) akamruni. Tutlayt-agi fehhmen-tt waṭas n medden deg waṭas n tmiwa n tmurt, yernu ttemsefhamen yis-s Yikamruniyen ula akk d yinaragen-nsen (lǧiran) ifriqiyen, yernu xas ma yella qlil kan anda ay tettili tutlayt-agi d tutlayt tayemmat n wegrud, tikwal, llan aṭas n yigerdan n Cameroun ay s-isellen i tutlayt-a tettuseqdac seg wasmi ara ilin d imecṭaḥ. Aṭas aya seg wasmi ara tetturar tpidgint n teglizit n Cameroun dduṛ n usiweḍ n yedles akamruni, yernu tezmer ad tettuseqdec mebla uguren deg wemni (parlement) neɣ di lemcawṛat n tedrimt". Imi ay tettwaḥseb tpidgint n teglizit n Cameroun d yiwet si tutlayin n tmurt-a, tezmer ad turar dduṛ n tutlayt taɣelnawt mebla uguren. Nnig waya, aseqɛed d usizeɣ-yines (standardisation) ur s-d-yesqamay ara akk aṭas i udabu imi ay yella yagi wayen yuran s tutlayt-a. Maca xas ma yella tapidgint n teglizit n Cameroun tezmer ad d-awi ibuɣar (lfaydat) imeqranen i tmurt, adadu, taswiɛt-a, mazal yegguma ad yeg ifadden i wakken ad tettuseqdec.\nXas ma yella tasertit (politique) n Cameroun terked u tezmer tmurt ad d-telhu d wuguren n tutlayt, yettban-aɣ-d dakken aya maci si temsal timeqranin ay iceɣben adabu. Yuɣ lḥal, Cameroun, am waṭas n tmura n Tefriqt n ddaw n Sṣeḥra, ur tettwali ara dakken timsal n tutlayt zwarent. Dɣa, skud ulac uguren akk d tsertit n tutlayt i yes la tlehḥu tmurt ass-a, fiḥel ma yexdem udabu acemma nniḍen i wakken ad yefru uguren ay d-mazal ɛellqen. Xas ma yella imesnilsiyen (linguistes) d yimassanen ay d-yerran lwelha-nsen ɣer temsalt n tutlayin tineṣliyin la d-ttmeslayen u la d-ssumuren (proposer) iberdan ara yefrun ugur-agi, adabu akamruni yettban-aɣ-d dakken yefṛeḥ s tegnit i deg tella tmurt ass-a deg wennar n tutlayin. Yuɣ lḥal, ayen ara ixeddem udabu, la t-ixeddem kan i teswiɛt mebla ma iwala ɣer lbeɛd.\nI wakken ad teg Cameroun tasetit n tutlayt yelhan, yessefk fell-as ad tesselmed igerdan s tutlayt-nsen tayemmat deg yiseggasen-nsen imezwura n welmad, sakkin, ad asen-tesselmed tutlayin tunṣibin (officielles - taglizit akk d tefṛensist). Maca, i wakken ad terbeḥ tsertit-agi, yessefk ad tettwaxdem ɣef leḥsab n ttawil yellan, u cwiṭ, cwiṭ kan, ladɣa di tmiwa n tmurt, berṛa i temdinin, anda igerdan ssnen kan tutlayin-nsen tineṣliyin. Dɣa, tutlayin tineṣliyin n yal tama ad ttusqedcent i uselmed u tent-snernin deg yeswiren (niveaux) yemgerraden. Yernu, mi ara tennerni kra n tutlayt, tezmer ad tuɣal d nettat ay d tutlayt n uselmed n temnaḍt merṛa. Anabaḍ (lḥukuma), iseqquma aẓiyanen (régionaux), yiseqquma n tutlayt d yemdanen iqeddcen ɣef tutlayt yessefk ad gen ifadden i yinelmaden i wakken maci ala d taglizit d tefṛensist wanag ula d tutlayin tineṣliyin, yernu yessefk ad yettwaxdem waya deg wakk timiwa n tmurt. Maca taswiɛt-a, tamsalt n tutlayt mazal werɛad tefri di tmurt n Cameroun anda amur ameqran seg yimezdaɣen "ur neɣri ara" ttwaɛezlen imi ur ssinen tafṛensist wala taglizit. Nnig waya, imi igerdan ur a lemmden ara s tutlayt-nsen tayemmat, aṭas n yigerdan ur a nrebbeḥ ara di tezrawin-nsen (leqraya), acku seɛɛun uguren akk d teglizit d tefṛensist, u di tgara, xas ma yella adabu yebɣa ad yesselḥu tamurt s snat tutlayin tunṣibin u yebɣa ad yeɛdel gar-asent, ur yessaweḍ ara, yernu yessefk ad yefru uguren yerzan aya imi ay yella wemgerrad (conflit) ger wid yessawalen tafṛensist d wid yessawalen taglizit, yernu aya yezmer ad yessiweḍ ɣer bedḍu n tmurt. ɣef waya, yessefk ɣef Cameroun ad tɛawed tamuɣli deg tikli ay d-tewwi di tsertit-is n tutlayin u ad teg ayen yessefken s tidet i wakken ad ten-tefru.\nNgijol, Pierre (1964): "Nécessité ḍune langue nationale". ABBIA No. 7: 83-99.\nTadaǧeu, Maurice (1975): "Language Planning in Cameroon: Towards a Trilingual Education System". In: Herbert, Robert K. (ed.): Patterns in Language, Culture and Society: Sub-Saharan Africa. Colombus, Ohio: 53-75. (= Working Papers in Linguistics 19).\nWikipedia s tefranṣiṣt\nhttp://imedyazen1.tripod.com/ Sɣur George Echu, Tasuqilt sɣur Omar Mouffok.\nYettwakkes-d seg "https://kab.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamirun&oldid=80807"\nAsebter-a yettwabeddel i tikkelt taneggarut ass n 19 Mayyu 2019 ɣef 12:57.


Q=13	C=6	SS=0	LS=6	PS=0	DC=0	LC=6	SD=0	BS=0	G0=10	G1=8	G2=6	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Aseḥbiber ɣef twennaṭ: ḥurben ɣef lḥiwan akk-d yemɣan di Waṛwik\nΓER S Sesotho (Lesotho) Tabalansyant Tabiclamart Tabulunit Taburtugit Tacinwaţ tamundarint (n zik) Tacinwaţ tamundarint (tushilt) Tacitungaţ n Malawi Tadangmit Tadanwaţ Tafantit Tafinwaţ Tafrikant Tagalwaţ Taglizit Tahiligaynunt Tahungarit Tajabunit Tajuṛjyaţ Takannadaţ Takinyaṛwandit Takirgizit Takirundit Takriyult n Hayti Takriyuţ Takurit Takusaţ Takṛuwatit Talalmanit Talbanit Talitwanit Tamalayt Tamalgacit Tamharit Tamiksit Tamingrilyant Tanahwatlit (tawastikaţ) Tanirlandit Tanuṛwijt Taqbaylit Tarumanit Tarusit Tasabadit Tasangalit Tasbenyulit Tasirbit Tasirbit (taṛumanit) Taswahilit Taswidit Tatiluguţ Tawalist Tayunanit (neγ Tagrikit) Tayurubit Tazerbayǧanit Tazerbayǧanit (s tira sirilik) Tazuluţ Tazziltalt Tazzuzzilt Tačikit Tačičiwaţ Tačubacit Taţungaţ Taţwanaţ Taεṛabt Taṛminit Taṛumit (neγ Tafṛansist) Taṣlubakit Taṣlubinit Taṭajikit Taṭaraskant Taṭayisyant Taṭelyanit Taṭurkit (neγ Taṭerkit) Taṭutunakt Tilukuţ Tindunisit Tislandit Tisṭunit Tiwit Tukṛanit Turumuţ\nInagan n Yahwa bdan lebni n lbiru-nsen amaḍlan ajdid di leǧwahi n Nuyuṛk, tama n temda tameqrant Sterling Forest. Amek i xeddmen bac ad sseḥbibren ɣef lḥiwan d yemɣan n lexla akk-d imeḍqan ideg i ţεicen?\nInagan n Yahwa ẓerrben-d amkan-agi ideg ara bnun bac ad qeḍεen i leṣnaf n ifekran akk-d izerman imeqranen yeţεicen dinna a d-kecmen, axaṭer zemren a ten-ḥazen m’ara xeddmen. Ţnadin dima ad ẓren ma yella ẓẓerb-agi yeqqim iṣeḥḥa. Asm’ara ifakk lebni a t-kksen. Ma yella ufan-d yiwen wass azrem iqerreb-ed ɣer wemkan-agi n lebni, a t-issebεed ssyinna walbeεḍ ara yilin yeḥfeḍ uqbel amek ara yexdem annect-a di ṭṭmana.\nGezmen ttjuṛ di ccetwa bac ur ţḍurrun ara yiwen n ṣṣenf n uεeẓẓi di lweqt ideg i gbennu lεecc-ines. Asm’ara fakken Inagan lxedma, ad ssersen leεcuc dinna swayes ara d-jebden ifṛax a d-uɣalen.\nYerna, Inagan weṭṭan (sseεdlen akal), megglen kra n imeḍqan ger tubeṛ d meɣres iwakken aţ-ţefreq w’a d-temɣi zzerriεa n yiwet teḥcict i gebdan tnegger. Ayagi yeţwaxdem ɣas akken imɣi-yagi ur d-iban ara deg wemḍiq-nni yellan di Waṛwik seg useggas 2007.\nDi temda tameqrant Sterling Forest, i d-yezgan rrif n wemḍiq-agi, llant kra n ccetlat n yefṛax n waman akk-d kra n ccetlat n iḥutiwen. Iwakken ad sseḥbibren ɣef temda-yagi, ijenyuṛen n lebni xtaṛen ad ssexdmen kra n ţţawilat n lebni yeţḥaraben ɣef twennaṭ. Di lemtel, qesden ad ẓẓun ɣef ssqef n lbaṭimat leḥcic ara iṣeffin aman n ugeffur si lewsex i d-iteddun deg-sen yerna ur xeddmen ara tiregwa. Xedmen daɣen ayen ilaqen bac ad ḥarben ɣef yemɣan yellan rrif n temda-yagi.\nYiwen Inigi i d-ilhan d weḥric-agi yeεnan aḥareb ɣef twennaṭ di lebni yenna-d: “Γas akken ccɣel-agi yeḥwaǧ ad iţţuheggi akken ilaq yerna yeţţaṭṭaf aṭas n lweqt, nekni neqsed a nḥareb ɣef lḥiwan d yemɣan yellan deg wemḍiq-agi n Waṛwik, ideg i nbennu.”


Q=7	C=0	SS=3	LS=3	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=3	G0=4	G1=2	G2=0	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Ddrat agh Taskla ngh.! (Agzzum 4)\nHome » Amarad » Ddrat agh Taskla ngh.! (Agzzum 4)\nAmdya (Exemple) n Tata\nIgh ar nsawal xf ad nddr taskla ngh, hati awal ngh iffr(cacher) nn g dffir ns, is tt ur nddr, igh ak nra ad nssilwigh(adoucir) awal nini : ur tt sul nddr s mk lli t igan.\nis ighzan is ur ddrn imazighn taskla nsn ?\ns tidt, tugtt n imazighn g uzmz ad, ddrn tiskliwin yadn lli ur ginin tinsn,\nukan imntiln(causes) lli asn d yiwin aya nn ggutn, ur igi ghi d adghar lli g rad fllasn nsawl.\nRigh ad zligh amagrad n tkklit ad I yan umdya n tudrt n tskla n tmazight ddrgh t ur d is iy fllas ulsn;\nG wayyur ad izsrin tsnmala(organiser) yat tmsmunt ttuwssan g Tata s ism n (asfiw n tillas), ism ns s tidt iga t (nibrasu alaatama)s taarabt, ssughln t s ils n tmazight ;\niga yadlli tanumi(habitude) dar tmsmunnt ad ad tskar yan unmuqqar ku asggas xf umzgun s ils n taarabt, mac g usggas ad, stin ad nnurzmn xf taysi tadigant;(patrimoine locale) ad snmilin yan unmuggar n uhwac, smunn inn gis inmghurn n (inddamn)imdyazn, ghrn iy nn nik ad sawlgh xf umarg amazigh.\nAnmuggar n uhwac ikka krad wadan :\nYan g (Tighrmt) g wasa n tmdint n Tata, wiss sin g (lqqsabi) lli yaggugn xf tmdint s sa ikilumitrn, amggaru g (Tgmut.)adghar n umarg d uhwac.\nNik zzrigh di nn sin wadan, n uhwac ;\nZzrigh sin wadann s yat tumrt ihiyan, mac igli tt id ughiluf(tristesse).\nTumrt : acku anmuggar ann munnt gis tfadiwin(coditions)) ak lli yujjan ad ig yan umdya xf mamk s yadlli ttdrn imazighn amarg nsn ; taskla nsn,(anmuggar n uhwac, tlla gis tskla d uzawan, d insayn yadn, d tmlsad tugtt n tghawsiwin lli ikcmn g tussna n imazighn.).\nG sin wadan lli iwzgh ddrgh d ayt tmazirt abughlu n tskla tamazight; amarg amazigh.\nIgh ur ta illi umarg da zwar ttilint tugtt n tfadiwin lli igan ihiyaln n uhwac, illa usmnid(accueil) unsib n ayt uhwac n inbgiwn n tmazirt; tirbatin lsanin timlsa timnsayin,(traditioneles) iklan imazighn, taqcuct(bijous) tamzight, tizrzay, tannbalin, isnitn(coronne) n ijjign.\ntili tghrit, ilint tujjutin, g insayn ngh imazighn, awal d umarg lan atign nsn, ar sisn nsmmghra.\nAya d ak ittuwskar g yan usays, ifawn, yili ddu itran d wayyur.\nUr ar issnti unaibar(amarg gr sin imdyazn) ar d yili yan usiya (calme) izdgn, akud ann hlli ad d tffghn sin (inddamn) imdyazn amzn anaibar gratsn, awal ittuwstayn, iktarn s tmusni(sagesse) d tngalt,(métaphore) akud nna iluh umdyaz kra n izli immimn ig amaynu ffint d fllas tghratin dar tmgharin d (wayih yih !!!)dar irgazn, am anzar ar d tffin, agdud iga win irgazn d tmgharin llan g yan uswir, gan ak infrann d tnfranin, taguri tamazight immimn ur tzli s urgaz ur tzli s tmghart, tzli s walli d talli as issnn ad tt isni.\nG tizi ann azmz da ittbiddad, middn ak da nn ttilin g yan umadal yadn, amadal animan(spirituel),tighssiwin da ttghamant gant sul ghas izghughn,(fantômes) lli uganin, tizi ann tga tin iman, yat tadfi tzza xf ixf ns, ur tli atig, ur ar ttmsgha…max zmrnt tguriwin ad snumlnt zund asanay ann? Ur ghalgh is as ufant, mqqar gant mad gant, mac da ttghama tguri tga tawlawalt lli izmrn ad agh nn tssawd s tidt mqqar ur tgi tidt qqah ns.\nTga ta nn yat tkklit lli mmi bahra idrus wanaw ns lli g zrigh awal ngh, awal amazigh ila atig dar ayt d istt dars, iga atig amqqran.\nllig ulsgh aylli zrigh i yan umddakkl, inna yi: tufit nn tighawsiwin mmssklnt atas, kkant tt inn xatrnt uggar.\nxf ad nddr taskla ngh, iqqan ad zwar nissan mamk s tt yadlli ddrn iqqburn ngh.\nyunyu 6, 2009 AkunadAmaradNo Comment\nUgwzirn (Tayyib Amgroud)


Q=8	C=5	SS=2	LS=2	PS=0	DC=0	LC=2	SD=0	BS=1	G0=26	G1=13	G2=5	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Inagan n Yahwa ţεawanen iderɣalen di Tefriqt\nΓER S Tabalansyant Tabulunit Tabunjabit Taburtugit Tacinwaţ tamundarint (n zik) Tacinwaţ tamundarint (tushilt) Tadangmit Tadanwaţ Tafantit Tafarisit Tafinwaţ Tafrikant Tafṛansist (neɣ taṛumit) Tagalwaţ Tagant Taglizit Tahiligaynunt Tahungarit Tajabunit Tajuṛjyaţ Takannadaţ Takatalant Takačwaţ (Kusku) Takinyaṛwandit Takirgizit Takirundit Takriyult n Hayti Takriyuţ Takurit Takusaţ Takṛuwatit Talalmanit Talbanit Talingalaţ Talitwanit Tamalayalamit Tamalayt Tamalgacit Tamharit Tamiksit (n tlemmast n Ufella) Tamingrilyant Tamyamaţ Tanirlandit Tanuṛwijt Taqbaylit Tarumanit Tarusit Tasangalit Tasbenyulit Tasiluzit Tasirbit Tasirbit (taṛumanit) Tasisutuţ n Lizuṭu Taswahilit Taswidit Tatankaranaţ Tatigrinyaţ Tatiluguţ Tatungyant Tawallist Tayunanit (neɣ Tagrikit) Tazerbayǧanit Tazerbayǧanit (s tira sirilik) Tazuluţ Tazziltalt Tazzuzzilt Tačičiwaţ Taţungaţ Taεṛabt Taṛminit Taṣlubakit Taṣlubinit Taṭaraskant Taṭayisyant Taṭaylundit Taṭelyanit Taṭurkit (neɣ taṭerkit) Taṭutunakt Tindunisit Tisṭunit Tiwit Tukṛanit Turduţ Turumuţ\nLemεawna i iderɣalen di Tefriqt\nDi kra n tmura yeţqeddimen ɣer zdat, iderɣalen ur ţţafen ara akk lmeḥwiǧat-nsen akken i tent-ţţafen wid yeţεicin anda nniḍen di ddunit. Tikwal εezzlen-ten lɣaci, yerna ur sen-ţţaken ara lemεawna i ḥwaǧen bac ad xedmen ula d nutni ayen i ḥesben wid i geţwalin d lxedma menwala. Γef lemtel, yeţţiwεiṛ-asen lḥal ad ṛuḥen ɣer ssuq akken a d-qḍun, ad ṭṭfen lkaṛ neɣ ad ṣerrfen idrimen. Ula d leqraya tezmer a sen-tili d ugur: mačči d iderɣalen meṛṛa i gessnen a d-ɣren tira n iderɣalen, ma d wid i gessnen a d-ɣren, yeţţiwεiṛ-asen lḥal ad afen tiktabin yuran s lluɣa-nsen.\nAkteṛ n 100 iseggasen aya i d-ssufuɣen Inagan n Yahwa tizmamin ireṣṣan ɣef Wedlis Iqedsen i iderɣalen. Mačči aṭas aya, ceggεen dduzan n weḍbaε akk-d welsaq si Huland ɣer Malawi bac a d-xedmen tizmamin s tčičiwaţ, yiwet n tutlayt i heddṛen di tmurt-agi.\nLeo, i gqeddcen di lbiru aɣelnaw n Inagan n Yahwa n Brizil yesεa tamusni deg usufeɣ n tezmamin s tira n iderɣalen. Iṛuḥ ɣer Malawi bac ad iεiwen yiwet n terbaεt n xemsa iεeggalen ad ḥefḍen amek ara ssexdmen dduzan i sen-d-iţţunefken akk-d useɣẓan is i kettben tira n iderɣalen i d-snulfan Inagan. Bac ad yekteb useɣẓan-agi s tira n iderɣalen n tčičiwaţ, ilaq ad sserkben (ad ssekcmen di luṛdinatur) yiwen useɣẓan nniḍen ideg i llan leḥṛuf n tčičiwaţ akk-d leḥṛuf n tira n iderɣalen. Aseɣẓan-agi yeţţarra aḍris ɣer tira n iderɣalen yerna yeţwenniε tazmamt bac aţ-ţishil i leqraya. Wali d acu i d-nnan kra n imezdaɣ n Malawi ɣef tezmamin-agi i d-yeffɣen s tira n iderɣalen.\nMunyaradzi d yiwet n tlemẓit taderɣalt i gxeddmen cwiṭ n lweqt kan, tesεedday-ed di ṛṛadyu yiwet n nnuba yellan d ayla-s. Tesεedday daɣen 70 sswayeε yal ccheṛ deg uselmed n Wedlis Iqedsen. Atan d acu i d-tenna: “Uqbel, llant ţţawḍent-iyi-d tezmamin n tira n iderɣalen s teglizit. Meεna iεǧeb-iyi mliḥ lḥal asmi i yi-d-wwḍent s lluɣa-inu. Ad cekkṛeɣ irfiqen-iw Inagan ɣef wayen akk i ṣerrfen d lmeǧhudat i xedmen bac a ɣ-d-ssufɣen tizmamin s tira n iderɣalen s lluɣa-nneɣ. Ayagi yeţbeggin-ed belli ur neţwaţţu ara yerna teţţunefk-aɣ lqima.”\nFrancis d yiwen Inigi aderɣal n tama ufella n Malawi. Uqbel, yella yeţṛaǧu wiyaḍ a s-d-ɣren. Asmi i s-wwḍent tezmamin s tira n iderɣalen n tčičiwaţ, yenna-d s lfeṛḥ: “A s-tiniḍ la ţţarguɣ. D ayen yetεeddan!”\nLoyce, ţ-ţaderɣalt daɣen, teţberriḥ lweqt kamel. Tεawen 52 yemdanen ad wennεen tudert-nsen. Amek? Tessexdam tizmamin s tira n iderɣalen bac aţ-ţesselmed yis-sent Adlis Iqedsen; ma d inelmaden-is ssexdamen tizmamin i d-iḍebεen ɣef lkaɣeḍ. Tizmamin-agi meṛṛa d Inagan n Yahwa i tent-id-yessufɣen.\nLoyce la tesselmad Adlis Iqedsen.\nLeo, win akken yesseḥfaḍen i d-yusan si Brizil iɣef i d-nehdeṛ sgellin, yenna-d: “Yeţţeεǧab-aɣ mliḥ lḥal, m’ara nefk i uderɣal tazmamt ireṣṣan ɣef Wedlis Iqedsen s tira n iderɣalen w’a nẓer acu ara iḥuss m’ara d-yerr s lexbaṛ belli teţwaxdem s lluɣa-ines. Aṭas i d-innan belli rran tajmilt i Yahwa yerna feṛḥen imi zemren ad ssewǧden iman-nsen weḥḥed-sen i uberreḥ akk-d inejmuεen. Dayen, ur ḥwaǧen ara win ara sen-d-iɣren. Tura, win yeqqaren Adlis Iqedsen weḥd-es, yeqqar-it s ṣṣeḥ weḥd-es. Zemren daɣen ad εiwnen ula ţ-ţiwaculin-nsen ad iǧhident di leḥwayeǧ n ṛṛuḥ. S tezmamin-agi, ţqerriben ɣer Yahwa.”


Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=19	G1=8	G2=3	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY= Revelation 20 Kabyle: NT\nBible > Kabyle: NT > Revelation 20\n1Walaɣ daɣen yiwen lmelk iṣubb-ed seg igenni, yewwi-d deg ufus-is tasaruț n tesraft lqayen akk-d yiwet ssnesla tameqqrant. 2yeṭṭef-ed llafɛa yellan d azrem nni n zik, yellan d Cciṭan d Iblis, yeqqen-iț s ssnesla iwakken a t yeḥbes alef iseggasen. 3Iḍeggeṛ-it ɣer tesraft-nni lqayen, yerra-yas aɣummu izemmem-iț iwakken ur ițkellix ara leǧnas alamma ɛeddan walef iseggasen, imiren a d-yețwaserreḥ i kra n lweqt.\n4Mbeɛd ayagi, walaɣ ikursiyen n lḥekma, yețțunefk i wid yeqqimen fell-asen ad ḥasben ; walaɣ leṛwaḥ n wid iwumi țwakksen iqeṛṛay ɣef ddemma n tideț n Ɛisa Lmasiḥ akk-d wawal n Sidi Ṛebbi. Walaɣ daɣen wid ur neqbil ara ad seǧǧden zdat leɛqiṛa akk-d lmeṣnuɛ-is, wid ur neqbil ara ticṛeṭ-ines ɣef wunyir-nsen neɣ ɣef yifassen-nsen. Uɣalen-d ɣer tudert, ad ḥekmen akk-d Lmasiḥ alef iseggasen. 5D wagi i d ḥeggu amezwaru. Ma d lmegtin nniḍen ur d-țuɣalen ara ɣer tudert alamma ɛeddan walef iseggasen. 6Amarezg-nsen wid ara d-iḥyun d imezwura ; lmut tis snat ur sen tzemmer ara, ad ilin d lmuqedmin n Sidi Ṛebbi akk-d Lmasiḥ, ad ḥekmen akk-d Lmasiḥ alef n iseggasen.\n7M'ara ɛeddin walef iseggasen agi, Cciṭan a d-yețwaserreḥ si lḥebs, 8iwakken ad ikellex leǧnas meṛṛa yellan di ṛebɛa yixfawen n ddunit, Haǧuǧ Maǧuǧ yeɛni wid yellan d iɛdawen n Ṛebbi, a ten-id-ijmeɛ i umenɣi ț-țirebbaɛ ur nezmir a neḥseb, am ṛṛmel n lebḥeṛ. 9Steɛmṛen akk ddunit, zzin i wegdud n Sidi Ṛebbi ț-țemdint i gḥemmel. Lameɛna yeɣli-d fell-asen uḥeǧǧaǧu n tmes seg igenni yečča ten. 10Imiren yețwaḍeggeṛ Cciṭan-nni i ten-iɣuṛṛen ɣer daxel n temda-nni n tmes d ukubri anda tella leɛqiṛa d nnbi n lekdeb, ad țwaɛedben am yiḍ am wass i dayem.\n11Walaɣ daɣen yiwen ukersi n lḥekma ɛlayen d amellal akk-d Win yeqqimen fell-as, igenni d lqaɛa rewlen zdat-es ur sen-d-yeqqim ara wemkan. 12Dɣa walaɣ lmegtin bedden zdat ukersi-nni n lḥekma am umeqqran am umeẓyan, ldint tektabin, teldi daɣen tektabt nniḍen yellan ț-țaktabt n tudert. Lmegtin țțuḥasben mkul yiwen ɣef leḥsab n wayen yexdem d wayen yuran di tektabin-agi. 13Lebḥeṛ iḍeggeṛ-ed akk wid yečča, lmut d laxeṛt serrḥent-ed akk i lmegtin. Mkul yiwen yețțuḥaseb akken llan lecɣal-is. 14Lmut d laxeṛt țwaḍeggṛent ɣer temda n tmes, țamda-agi n tmes i d lmut tis snat. 15 Kra n win ur nețwajerred ara di tektabt n tudert yețwaḍeggeṛ ɣer temda n tmes.


Q=14	C=0	SS=0	LS=14	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=7	G1=5	G2=4	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=» Aselhu usenfar TQ5 TV / ARUPURṬAJ Aselhu usenfar TQ5 TV / ARUPURṬAJ – TQ5\nAselhu usenfar TQ5 TV / ARUPURṬAJ\nAss n 30 deg yunyu, tettwahegga-d tmeɣra d tameqqrant sɣur tsuddut TQ5 deg yiswi n usselɣu n yineɣmasen, n yirgazen d tlawin at tedrimt d tezmert tadamsant akked yiselwayen n tdukkliwin i d-yerzan seg yal tama n umaḍal ama seg Quebec, Montréal, Ottawa-Gatineau, timura yeddukklen n Marikan (Québec,Montréal,Ottawa-Gatineau,USA) ɣef usebded unṣib n tiliẓri taqbaylit “TQ5 TV”. Ass-nni dɣa, yeɣli-d d tameɣra n umulli wis 150 n tmurt n Kanada (1u n yulyu 2017). Imttekkiyen deg uslali d usnulfu n tiliẓri TQ5, ɛeddan-d wa deffir n wa, iwakken ad d-fken tamuɣlinsen d wawal-nsen ɣef usenfar n tiliẓri-ya tamezwarut ara d-yilin s ugbur d aqbayli. Axxam n usnezwi n TQ5 ad d-yili deg temdint n Muntriyal (Montréal) deg Kibak (Québec), tamdint-a d tis snat deffir n Toronto deg wayen i yerzan taččarin s yemdanen, ddeqs n yiqbayliyen la izedɣen deg-s, dɣa, d tamdint tis snat anda i zedɣen s waṭas yiqbayliyen deffir n “Paris”. Tanemmirt d tameqqrant i Kamal Harani i tewlafin i yega (ara tafem da), ad nesnemmer daɣen Lmehdi At Muxṭar n “Taddart Nnegh” akked Husin Belahǧel n “Belmedia” i usekles n tbidyutin deg tmeɣra-ya. TQ5 ad tesnemmer aneɣmas Brahim Gater ɣef umagrad i yura ɣef tmeɣra-ya deg uɣmis “Matin Dz”, ad tesnemmer daɣen taneɣmast Sabrina Buɛǧama ɣef idiwenniten i tga i wid i d-yusan ɣer tmeɣra-ya iɣef ara yecfu umezruy. Idiwenniten-nni ad ten-tafem da : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQvDCysrqBw


Q=5	C=5	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=3	G0=48	G1=25	G2=15	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=arraι ιмazιgнen - rif-way45\ngerra n l isti3mar\namcan n Lmaghrib di ddanya d u agra n es ameqran, yejja timura ijehdan n ddanya dam3an t day es. Arami gerra t bda di Tzayar t ghreb Fransa assultan Abdl Ar-Rahman n Lmaghrib i 3awn en ayt bab n Tzayar.\nTimura Tirupawiyin ijahdan d u Amarican s mun nen t array n sen t hima ad t qqim i Lmaghrib tamurt n es t mun, hima aghar sen yiri tisaqqar chnaw ayauya di tijara akid es degw u ayraw i ggin di Madrid di 1880.\nAmnghi x tijara d tasrtit (politikk) jar ragnus ad imaqranen, y essiwd i ten ad dewr en degw awar n sen x u asmuni n array n sen i tugha ggin di Madrid. Min n ten y essiwd en ghar attas n lmachakil di marra ddanya. Fransa t arzu tam3awent ghar Sapanya d u Agranziz maca Aliman war das y eqbir ca.\nFransa t egga di 1904 ijj n r3ahd (itifaqiya) aked Spanya x ufraq n Lmaghreb. 3awed t egga Fransa ijj n r3ahd niden aked igranzizyen, u t uwcas en dayes ad egg en min xs en di Masar hima adas uc en fus ad t egg min t xs di Lmaghreb.\nAliman t arred x manaya u t enna bili tammurt n Lmaghreb ad t qqim t mun, awarni umi Fransa t ettar zi ssultan n Lmaghreb ad yar tamurt nnes s u adday u fus n Fransa (protectorate) di 1905.\nLqayser n u Aliman William II y ennawju ghar Tanja, u y wcha awar nnes hima tammurt n Lmaghreb ad t qqim t mun. Aliman y ettar asen ad siwren x tghawsiwi (tamasracht) ad n Lmaghreb degw ayraw n Agecira (yanayer, mars, 1906)\nDegw ayraw ad ragnusa imaqranen qabr en zi min xef tugha s mun en awar di Madrid u 3awed ucinas awar i u Aliman hima ura netta aghas tiri tsghat ness. U awc in fus i Fransa di lahdada jar Lmaghreb d Tzayar u aggin tamurt n Lmughrib s u adday ufus n Fransa d Spanya.\nFransa t arrit ghar qattu x lmuqawama n imazdhaghen, u zi manaya t abda ad t ssass fus nes x u amchan awarni u amchan di Lmaghreb. Fransa t baddar abdel-aziz IV s uma s abd al-hafid x rkursi n Lmaghrib. Fransa t 3awen sultan ad hima ad y eqda x ijj u aghawagh di 1911. Di rweqt ad y essak u Aliman ijjen zeg gharuba nnes n rharb ghar Agadir di 1.7.1911. Fransa t arra manaya chnaw asekkar n rharb u manaya y essufagh ghar ubaddar n planat n tmura y ad.\nFransa d u Aliman u wch en awar i ayauya huma Lmaghreb ad y edwar s u adday ufus n Fransa u Fransa t wcha s imuchan zeg inni tugha t asta3mar degw Africa i u Aliman. Di 1912 yegga sultan n Lmaghreb tammurt nes s u adday i u fus n Fransa. U Fransa d Spanaya faqen Lmaghreb x ab3a i muchan. Lmaghreb n Fransa 9/10 n tseqqar zi tmurt t dwar s u adday ufus nnes s l3asima nnes Arbat. Lmaghreb n Spanya s l3asima ness Titawin d ijj n u amchan s adday u fus n Spanya di ljanub n Lmaghreb; d ijj n u amchan i y qqim en jar ragnus di Tanja. Lmaghreb afransis y suyur it Gereral Lyautey ar 1925.\n“war xs en ad iri en la s u adday u fus n Fransa, u la s u adday u fus n Spanya, u jjin at y awi degw neqqi n arrif”\nSpanya t iwi idurar i end en i Mritch d Sebta. Imuchan ad war tugha ghas en bu ibriden jarasen, u amsawad d u asaymi (tanmiya) tugha yew3ar di arrif. General Damaso Berenguer y egga ad yar s u adday i u fus nnes jihat tacharqacht n jbara. U y ettar ar as i Manuel Fernandes Silvestre, ad y egg tiqabbâr n arrif s u adday i fus n ispunya. Minzi tugha y erzu ad y esmun Mritch aked Sebta.\nAbd El-Krim y eghder isapunya ijj n u aghdar d ameqran u y u zzer xafs en ghar Mritch. Wattu y ad t adfar it id xamsa i sugwusa n rhab. Y endad zi Sapania taxassat d tamqrant.\nFransa t anid ixef nnes ghar rharb aa u t ahjam d zi ljanub. Isapunya ssas en fus x lhusima u ggin lhujum zi chamal. Abd el-Krim d y emjhaden n arrif ssasen rasrah di 1926.\nZi gi nni it u assan en zi rharb n arrif, dinni general Fransisco Franco.\nAbd El-Krim (1982, Ajdir - 06. feb. 1963, alqahira) netta i tugha d amsuyur (leader) n umussu mouvment) n terelle (freedom) n arrif. U d netta I y eggin a republica n arrif jar 1921 d 1926. Netta tugha yessan di rharb d tandim (organisation) attas. U y zmar ad y eghreb x isapunya ghar tugha attas n srah d r3askar.\nAbd El-Krim tughat d ammis n ijj n u amghar n taqbicht Tamazight n Ait Uriaghel. Netta y eghra tghuri tasapanyut u tamesrent. U y ekhdam di lbiru n imazighen u y edwer d qadi al-qudat di mritch. Tughat ura d asermad di Mritch u tugha t x aghmis umi thugha qqan Telegrama del Rif.\nMacha tugha it eqqsas rhar zi min tugha ttag Spanya i imazighen, u yasghuy x manawya, minzi t aggin isapunya di rahbas. Y arwar zi rahbas u y ezmar ad y e3qab 3awed ad y erri d rqadi ameqran di Mritch. Macha y effagh zi Mritch u y e3qabd ghar Ajdir di 1919.\nY emmanid ghas uma s daghya u netta idhawr en d amchawar u d kommandant n r3askar n arrif. Netni s mun en tiqabbar timazighin u jahdan x arrif arami ghalban x isapunya degw menghi n anoual di 1921, u sskken isapunya ghar Mrich.\nDegw usggwas aa yegga u yedwer Abd el-Krim d aghrif (arrayes) n arepublika n arrif. Netta y ezammar ad is mun tiqabbar n arrrif u ad enaddam ijj n tadbelt (lidara) ghar idja djsas d tiqabbar n arrif d min d jjin imazighen.\nAbdelkrim y izmar ura ad y eghrab x isapunya di 1924. Netta tugha 3rahar ad y awed ghar Fes di 1925 macha t ghrab Fransa, das ihaten x umchan n rxazin n resrah di Wargha.\nFransa d Spanya erqfi ten zziyar u zrin bili amussu n terelle n arrif tugha iqat3as en rawdaj n sen. Minzi mun en x irifien u m3ujj an xas en zi tnayen n jihat. Lgeneral afransis Petain yehjamd zi Fes. Isapunya d ifransisen ggin d lhujum s ktar zi 250.000 i3askariyen. Imjahden ssasen rasrah nhar 27.5.1926. abdlkrim sekk en t ghar tayzirt n la-reunion di rabhar ameqran yasan. Awarni i manaya azun a tid agwh en ghar Fransa macha y eddar di masar u yeddâr dinni ar 1963 u aqqa t 3ad dinni.\nLyautey d uamgharen n imaghrabiyen\nD Marshal Louis Hubert Lyautey (1854 - 1934) d netta i yessas en djsas i politikk n Fransa di Lmaghreb.\nLyuatey ad yanna xas Robinson bili netta zeg iwdan nni i iwd en ad xawd en degw iyduden deg yedja atass n rejnass di Afrika d Asia.\nMara wanita umi qqan Lyauteys y ezdagh di Lmaghreb ghar jar (1912_1925), yeqqim u awar ness itaqwad di Lmaghreb di marra min y qqim uafransis d Lmaghreb.\nNetta tugha it amen zi lmalakiya d ddin akatoliki. Netta tugha war kis d yusi cha minzi tussa aripublika ta3ilmanecht di Fransa. Dta it y ejjin war t xs en cha ad yeri di r3askar di tmurt n Fransa. U dta it y ejjin yarzu amchan niden di tmura it wa hawsen n ddanya, hima adayes y eddâr tirja ness nni t arza tagrawla tafransist n 1789.\nNetta yerra Lmaghreb d ijj laboratorium (lmuxtabar) i ijj n tajriba (eksperiment) d tageldant (malakiya, royal) s rmaxzan n Lmaghrib u s sultan ness s ixef nes. Netta izmar ad y ekkas ajjahd i ujadjid amazwaru u hima ad yar d ajadjid ssultan Yusuf.\nTusna n tungimt n uhawass ness, y essentar it (yebnat) x u aswaxdam (collaboration) jar ifrasisen d yinni tugha kid sen it u asxdham en zeg imgharen imaghrabiyen d ighrifen ( arruyas) nsen, d rfuqra nsen. U hima ad y edman Lyautey manaya deg ijj n rwaqt d tazirart, y\nerzam tamazyida dar-al-baida d taliyutit i tarwa n inmyawazen ad (collaborateures) di Meknes.\nArddjaj d usedma3 d ubeddar d usudess n rkampo ameghrabi\nAwarni, umi tugha t u ad qqar en rhkam war yedjin d uslid (war yedjin d uslid = indirect), d lihtiram n taqalid (tradiction) n ayt bab n tmurt, y effar lyautey tizi (lmaslaha) n Fransa.\nU hima ad yegg Lmaghrib inaf3an s adday i u fus ness, y erzu I lhal n lmuqawama I tugha y djan x u ahawwas.\nTugha awar ness itakwad attas minzi tugha war iskhaddim bu qabu di ssiyasa ness aked lmuqawama.\nNetta y egga reswaq d sapitarat imezyanen d lxadamat niden hima aghas d yar inni t etqawamen zeg mezdagh. Netta tugha etagg rhab di rwaqt yemzi, hima war y xassar attas.\n”Lmunchaqqin (Dissidenter) war djin bu ra3du negh u war da nadji cha hima an hdem tamurt n sen nigh huma an sizzer idammen n sen, macha aqa negh da hima aten n ghar, u hima adasen n fhem, u hima atend nar aked ughazdis negh....n ssaxdham qabu ghar xminni war y naffa3 cha niden. Hawsem u macha uchem fuss i yenni t hawsem. Ijjen war it harab abdelkrim mamech it harab Mareshal Hindenburg, y enna Lyauteyi 1925”.\nTizammr n Petains zeg y essagh temassi di arrif, t emsar arami tarni Fransa di r3askar ness zi 75 000 di abril ar 150 000 di arb3a n uyuren (4-nrach-hur) menba3d di 1925. Y wy en asend tnugat d tiyarat d srah idaqren niden.\nLyautey d ikhaddamen nes tugha ghar taja en di min d y iwi Petain. Minzi tugha snaqqas en as di zzad d r3askar. U tugha y taggwad ad yexsar idammen n ifransisen hima war xas d sghuyun zi Fransa.\nI3askariyen s umanzi war ghasen bu amtir: i3askariyen d imaghrabiyen degw arud d afransis\nHima war dinni tiri bu taxassat i y fransisen tarni Fransa deg i3askariyen ness imaghrabiyen. I3askariyen d imaxzaniyen imaghrabiyen tugha axsen attas. U tugha war daysent i tiwi had mara mut en.\nTikkast n jjahd i imaghrabiyen tiwad ghar tqichit ness di 1930, arami inna Daniel Nagle: ” zi rhab aked imaghrabiyen ar rhab jar imaghrabiyen”\nm-b-boy, Posté le samedi 28 février 2009 16:46\noui bi sur dima maroc et rif\nkasimi-amazigh, Posté le jeudi 26 février 2009 15:15\nnache zeki lhocima balha9 sakan fe fes we aseli mabni 3amarete\nultrasmaroc-officiel34, Posté le mercredi 07 janvier 2009 18:04


Q=5	C=0	SS=1	LS=3	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=2	G0=37	G1=28	G2=18	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Tiɣremt, aɣmis yerḥan adabu - Afrawan\nSeg 2014, i d-yefrurex uɣmis « Tiɣremt » seg uɣmis « La Cité » yettwarun s tefransist, d asefrarax i d-yettbinen kraḍet n tikkwal deg ddurt s wazal n ukuẓet n tferrawin yettwarun s tmaziɣt, azal n 2 n yiseggasen d netta yettferfir seg/deg mayal tamnaṭ deg tmurt taqvaylit s ukuzet iferrawen iwecmen s yisekkilen, deg yerfed isallen akken ad ten-yezzuzer ɣef yimeɣriyen i t-yettraǧǧun myal tikkelt s ccuq. Asefrarax Tiɣremt d win yunzan afriwen i d-yemɣin i tutlayt Tamaziɣt ; amaziɣ, aqvayli ladɣa, iwala tutlayt-is d takmamt teffeɣ seg tmadwant, tekkcem deg usemres amaynut, nnig n udlis yettwarun d tazrawt ɣef tmaziɣt, maca tikkelt-a d tamaziɣt i d ttawil i d-yettarun ɣef tmirant ɣef yisali, ɣef tusna. S uɣmis Tiɣremt tamaziɣt tekcem ɣer wannar amaynut anda tutlayt terfed taɣamsa, taɣamsa i yettarun ɣef myal taɣult ɣef myal tifurkect ɣef myal asentel i yeddan d wakud amiran neɣ deg tikwal azgerkud ; s waya tamaziɣt terfed acqirew amaynut s leɛtab n yimeɣnasen i yeẓẓan iswi akken ad illin deg ttiɛad d yimeɣriyen i sen-yefkan tabɣest s iwenniten i d-ttaran s wudem usenmer i yiɛeggalen n uɣmis ; Tiɣremt d La Cité.\nYuɣal d imesriffeg !\nImesriffeg, d afrux amecṭṭuḥ i yettelmaden ad yeseqdec iferrawen-is akken ad yefferfer iman-is deg yigenwan. Aɣmis « Tiɣremt », ira ad yefferfer iman-is s useqdec n wafriwen-is, war ma yesseqdec wid n uɣmis « La Cité » i as-d-yefkan lɛec deg tazwara akken ad d-yefrurex ; aɣmis Tiɣremt ɣer tagara n useggas 2015 tlul-d tikti gar yiɛeggalen-is d akken ad gen aɣmis Tiɣremt d ummid myal ayyur, ara d-iteddun d uɣmis “La Cité”. Maca ticki yettwabda ccɣel deg 2016, tisizregin ggumant ad yemmug i tunzut imi sdaw n uɣmis La Cité i yella, ihi yewwi-d ad yettunefk baṭṭel (d tikci).\nAṣeggad, yegguni-d s ubeckiḍ, afrux ma yelmed ad yefferfer, ad iɛelli deg yigenwan, ulac win ara t-id-yeṭṭfen, aseggad yewwi-d ad yewwet ɣer yiferrawen ! Ma yefferfer uɣmis Tiɣremt, yegla s yisekkilen yeččuren d izen, yeččuren d isallen, ad ten-yezzuzer, ad aɣen deg myal tiɣmert, yezmer ad yaweḍ ula ɣer yemnigen deg tmura-nniḍen n umaḍal. Afrux yettwazen ad yawi izen. Seg 2016, adabu iger-d, uguren ɣer ubrid, yegguma ad d-yefk ttesriḥ i uɣmis Tiɣremt akken ad d-yeffeɣ d aɣmis i yiman-is, ɣas ulama rrwan tazla yiɛeggalen-is d yemḍebren fell-as ɣer tneɣlaft n taywalt, maca wara nfeɛ ; ur d-yettak warẓeẓ tamment !\nAfrux yuffeg !\nYuffeg, yessen ad yelali, yessen ad yaffeg deg leɛlali ; afriwen imɣuren, ččuren, ḍelqen, ttaṭṭafen-d abeḥri. Afrux yuffeg : Deg useggas 2019, deg Furar, deg umuli n tlalit n uɣmis Tiɣremt i tekkelt tamezwarut deg 2014, yettunefk-as ttesriḥ akken ad yerfed deg wafriwen-is, izen, isekkilen, awalen, tifyar, d yeḍrisen, iḍrisen yeččuren d isallen. Aɣmis Tiɣremt ad yettaffeg yallas, aɣmis Tiɣrem yuɣal d aɣmis ayalas ; irezzu yallas ɣer yimeɣriyen. Aseggad am yal tikkelt yegguni, abeckiḍ ibeddel-as tayet, afus ɣef znad, tiṭṭ ɣef temrit, iweha ɣer ufrux, deg wass wis 5 i yetteka fell-as, akken ad t-id-yesseɣli ; aɣmis tḥuzat tyita !\nAɣmis Tiɣremt i yuɣallen d ayalas deg Furar 2019, seld tufɣa-as, 5 n wussan, yettemseḍfaren, yewweḍ-d yisalli n ugdal usizreg-ines i yiɛeggalen n uɣmis. Adabu, uffir, adabu n tilifun, iḥettem-d tira n uɣmis s yisekkilen n taɛrabt, ma ulac aɣmis Tiɣremt ur yettɛawad ara ad d-yeffeɣ !\nSeg yisallen i d-yeweḍen ɣer yiɛeggalen n uɣmis, d asuter n usekki, axxi, kra kan n yisebtar deg uɣmis s yisekkilen n taɛrabt, maca ineɣmasen, ttarun-d s yisekkilen ilatiniyen, agraw n tira deg uɣmis, yettaru, yesseɣtay s yisekkilen ilatiniyen, imawlan n uɣmis, imawlan n tutlayt, ran ad arun tutlayt-nsen s yisekkilen ibɣan, imi ɣef wakken i yenna Mass, Yacine Zidane, yiwen gar wid yellan deffir n tlalit n uɣmis, yerna, d imseɣti yettekkin deg ugraw n tira deg uɣmis, “nettwali deg yisekkilen ilatiniyen d imal n tmaziɣt, mačči d taɛrabt i nekreh, neɣ d tifinaɣ ɣef i nwexer”.\nAdabu yeččur d tuccar, anwa adabu ? Agdal n uɣmis, yewweḍ-d maca, ur d-yewwiḍ ara anwa i t-igedlen ! Ur d-yewwiḍ ara kra n umagrad unṣib seg uwanek n Lezzayer i d-yuran i uɣmis tiɣremt akken ad ḥṣun yakan ansa i d-tekka, anwa i d-yefkan anaḍ akken ad yeḥbes uɣmis, maca anaḍ yewweḍ-d ɣer tezrigin akken ur d-ssizrigent ara aɣmis ma yella yettwaru kan s tlatinit. Deg temlilit i gan yiɛeggalen n uɣmis tiɣrem, Yacine Zidane, yessegza-d, yerra-d lwelha ɣer kra n tezmilin, imi ɣef wakken i d-yenna, adabu, yessebyen-d i uɣmis Tiɣremt d akken limer ad qqeblen ad t-id-ssizergen s yisekkilen n taɛrabt, awanek yewjed ad d-yeff-k tallelt, s ulday n yisebtar n udellel, d yisenfaren-nniḍen. Ma negza kra ɣef tamawt-a ; adabu yessawem-d iɛeggalen n uɣmis akken ad bedlen abrid !\nAm yall tikkelt, tamaziɣt d arraw-is i tt-irefden ; ineɣmasen imeɣnasen ur ruǧan ara deg tedrimt n udabu, ɣas ulama adabu yegdel assizreg n uɣmis, maca ineɣmasen mazal ttarun-d i uɣmis, iɛeggalen n tedbelt n Tiɣremt kkemlen leqdic, rrefden acqqirew akken ad d-sbeyynen tamaziɣt tezmer, tla ittewlen d tulmisin, d yifedisen akk lant tutlayin-nniḍen akken ad teṭṭef abrid deg taɣult n tɣamsa. Aɣmis, tiɣremt i ruǧǧan yimaziɣen yallas, yettaweḍ-iten yallas s wallal n internet. Ineɣmasen, d yiɛeggalen n tedbelt n Tiɣremt kkemlen leqdic baṭel war tadrimt, yettaweḍ ɣer yimeɣriyen baṭel war tadrimt, ɣas ulama, imeɣriyen qqublen tufɣa n uɣmis s tumert, ttaɣent-id ula s tedrimt asmi yella, yettwasizreg. Iqeddacen n uɣmis d imeɣnasen send ad ttuneḥsaben d ineɣmasen, tuget deg-sen d imaruten, neɣ d inelmaden n tmaziɣt, ilan tayri ɣef tutlayt-nsen. Tamsalt n tira n tmaziɣt d tamsalt n tilin ; afelsafi René Descartes yennan “ttxemmimeɣ ihi lliɣ”, imeɣnasen n tmaziɣt, gren deg tidmi-nsen : “ayen i ttxemmimeɣ ad t-aruɣ akken ad iliɣ”, tira d ticreṭ, tira d azamul, tira d lsas, tira d limara, tira d tilin, d tumast, tira d imal n ugdud amaziɣ.\nIsekkilen s ara yettwaru uɣmis Tiɣremt !\nDeg yiwen n uḍris i yura Mass Said Chemakh ɣef temsalt n yisekkilen s wacu ara tettwaru tmaziɣt, yenna : « Ayen bɣan ad d-ḥetmen isekkilen n taɛrabt i tutlayin-nniḍen, imi tella yakan tutlayt taɛrabt ; amalti (tutlayt n Malta), i yettwarun n yisekkilen ilatiniyen ?\nSeg tikti n Said Chemakh, ad d-nefk asuter-nniḍen, ayen i d-iḥetem udabu tira n uɣmis Tiɣremt s yisekkilen n taɛrabt imi, llan yakan yeɣmisen n taɛrabt ; tutlayt tamaziɣt d arawis kan i ilan azref ad xtiren s wacu ara arun tutlayt-nsen ?\nDeg tidet, imaziɣen kkaten akken ad d-smenɛen tutlayt-nsen seg tmettan i tt-yeggunin ɣef dra n tesnakta i iga uwanek d udabu akken ad tt-yerr d takna n tutlayt taɛrabt, ma yerna tettwaru s yisekkilen-is, ad d-yass wass ad tekcem ad tuɣal d tigẓelt, neɣ ad tettwaḥsab am akken d tantala deg tutlayt taɛrabt ! Ayen ara nḥetem ɣef ugdud ad yextir isekkilen s ara yaru tutlayt-is, am win ara iḥetmen ɣef umdan d akken d netta ara as-yextir isem i mmi-s ? Tamaziɣt mačči d adabu i tt-id-yefkan akken ass-a ad yextir isekkilen neɣ kra ma yellan, tamaziɣt d tutlayt i yiman-is, d ayla n yimaziɣen, d imaziɣen i yextaren yakan akken ad utlayen yes-s, akken ad tt-id-ferḍen, ad tt-id-seḥyun gar yifassen n udabu i as-yerran taxennaq, i as-yeqqnen takmamt n taɛrabt ɣef yimi-s akken ad yenneqḍaɛ deg-s nnefs. Amek ass-a, d adabu ara d-yextiren amek ara temmag tmaziɣt ?\nAkken i d-teffeɣ tmaziɣt seg ttalast s umennuɣ n warraw-is, s wallaɣen, s yiɣallen, s yidammen, ara tkemmel amennuɣ ɣer sdat akken ad xtiren wid irefden taftilt-is anda ara tt-sersen s wacu rqem ara tt-sebɣen.\nƔer Said Chemakh yettwalin deg temsalt n yisekkilen s wacu d-yewwi ad tettwaru tmaziɣt, « Ɣer wid yemmalen ɣer tira umi semman « latins », askasi yeddez yebrez, yettbin-d, llan yegrawen mmugen ɣer tama n tdukliwin pro-islamistes neɣ « timseɛrabin » i yetteɛraḍen ad glunt s temɣiwent n imaruten, inelmaden, iselmaden… i iqedcen seg zik s yisekkilen ilatiniyen akken ad allsen ameslay ɣef lwaǧeb n useqdec n yisekkilen n taɛrabt neɣ ayɣer ala tifinaɣ »\nNsel i usfukkel aderɣal, asbeddi n Tmaziɣt d Taɛrabt tutlayt n leqqran, tutlayt n lǧennet ! Neɣ tid yecban, s useqdec n yisekkilen n taɛrabt ad tejmel akk tantaliwin-nniḍen n tmaziɣt, amzun akken tantaliwin-nniḍen n tmaziɣt deg tadra-nent d taɛrabin ? Ifukal n wallaɣen ilmawen, i mmazal ttnekkaren-d seg tnafa, sbeḥ, ɣef waɛrur-nsen Fransa, sfukkulen ma tettwaru Tmaziɣt s latins d afud i temhersa tafransist, amzun akken mazal-aɣ deg temhersa tafransist, yerna ur ḥsan ara d akken taɛrabt yakan d tamhersa ɣef tmaziɣt seg zman aqbur, yerna ran (bɣan) ula d nutni yakan ad as-allsen s uḥettem n wamek ara d-temmag tira n tmaziɣt i yimaziɣen ? Asfukkel aneggaru akk i yernan ɣur-sent, d taqacuct n usɛuggen, ma tettwaru s yisekkilen n taɛrabt, ad tifsus i ulmad sɣur iɛerbawalen, maca ma neḍfer sswab-a, ma yella yakan sswab ɣer yemdanen-a, ihi ma yella tuɛer-asen tseddast neɣ temsislit neɣ talɣa, ad ten-nbeddel s wid n taɛrabt akken ad tifsus fell-asen, tamaziɣt ad tt-nfeṣṣel akken ad temmag d tutlayt-nniḍen awi-d kan ad temmag d taɛrabt ?\nPosté par : Yacine KHELIFA à 22:36 - Idles - Commentaires  - Permalien [#]\nTags : Aneɣmas, Aɣmis ayalas tiɣremt, aɣmis., la cité, Tiɣremt\nSonatrach d ugraw afransis Total, deg wass n 25 deg yunyu, deg yiwen n rrabul i d-tezzuzer Sonatrach,...\nCommentaires sur Tiɣremt, aɣmis yerḥan adabu


Q=7	C=5	SS=2	LS=0	PS=2	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=35	G1=14	G2=2	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Amuddu ɣar Serwan (15): umi ttuɣa xsen ad asen-kksen arruḍ i inecraf | Le RIFAIN\nAmuddu ɣar Serwan (15): umi ttuɣa xsen ad asen-kksen arruḍ i inecraf\nMin negga zegga i nraḥ ɣar uxxam amaynu, nemṣebḍa d tiyrawin d timeẓẓyanin. Kur rebεa nix d xemsa ggin tayrawt tetten marra. Smunan min d-ssaɣen zi tḥanut smunan akid-sen mara ca n ijjen war ɣar-s ca. Maca waxxa amenni ceṭṭen aṭṭas n yinni war ɣar idji ca. Manis dasen d ɣa ikk ca. Ha arzef ibelleε, ha yin issegguren reḥbes war ttemsiwiḍen ag rwacun n ineḥbas ad asen-inin qa wenn ixsen ad as-iwec ttmenyat i unekraf-nnes ixessas ad as-d-isqad di lbarid. Ha yinn umi i d-sqaden di lbarid maca aselway εad war das-d-iwci bali bac ad zzay-s iseɣ waxxa lkud yus-as-d di tilifun.\nMamec ɣa negg bac a nesmun kurci, waxxa narezzu a nemyawez maca din iwdḍan waxxa ɣar-sen maca di reḥbes ur εettqen ḥedd. Di tidet wenni yudfen reḥbes d anamur, itturs deg wagra n tmurt, ixessa rmexzen ad t-issec ad t-issuḍeṣ as-iwwec izerfan-nnes… Maca da azyen n izerfan itekkes-iten rmexzen. Azyen ttacarent imessegguren. Γar ssukar mara ddewla tettic tnayen n icubriten aked rkas n rqehwa, amsseggur ittekkes ijjen itejja ij. Uca xarssem akidi ḍi 2000 n uneḥbas weyyen akidsen cubri n ssukar i ijjen tettic 2000 n icubriten mara s duru i ijjen 1000 n iderhamen kur ass. Mani εad min idjan d ameqqran.\nDin inecraf tetten macca n reḥbes mamec ma tegga, war dasen-tuqiε di tqeḍquḍin- nni i d-nessaɣ zi tḥanut. Maca tettaren-d ɣar-k sekkwar d ca n tudimt n zzect waha. Ma degg-nni am yaɣurt waxxa wcin-asen-d-t-id zemmaren ad t-ucen deg ugarru n kaza niɣ deg ubunt mara walu. Kurci ittmenza s ugarru waxxa d arruḍ. Tcandala zeg yin yeɣran ittettar day-s rqabsa n igarruten niɣ d azyen-nnes. Mani εad tassut niɣ d macca.\nXmi narezzu a nseyyaq ntemyawaz marra netteg cwayt cwayt, maca din ca n iwdan tteggen axmi war areṭṭin ad seyqen uca sqadan-d yin kid-sen di tegrawt war ɣar-sen bu ttmenyat axmi ten-ggin d isemɣan-nnsen. Waxxa d asebben tṣebbanen-asen. Xef wawar a n tṣabin, neccin mamec tessnem belli war netteffeɣ ca ɣar wazzareg bac a nefsar arruḍ uca nettayr-it di rekwazi niɣ nbezzar-it xef ṭṭifurat-nni n macca ig inyarwen d εurric. Maca mara war tetterqif tfuct ulabud ad ixmuma ad iriḥ. Ttasen-d qqaren-aneɣ uhu war fessarem di rekwaẓi.\n– I mammec ??\nD wa umi qqaren reḥkam n Ɛeẓẓi. Ijn wass usin-d deg waṭṭas. Arezmen-d tawwurt, nnan-aneɣ: maṛṛa qqimem deg iruqaq-nwem. Neqqim uca nnan-as i umyawz n kabran ffeɣ jarr-d qarḍiru n ufraḍ. Iffeɣ izzuɣari-t-id uca nnan-as uyured xef maṛṛa rekwaẓi yrud arruḍ-nni day-sen ifsaren ggi-t deg ufraḍ. Uca marra nettzawag nitni ugin a zzay-neɣ sedḥan. Ssufɣent ad immendar waxxa ssnen ila neccin war ɣar-neɣ ca aṭṭaṣ n warruḍ. Ikkar ɣarṣen ijjen Urifi d awessar zi swisra inna-asen nec ɣar-i sin n ibeddiren ttyarḍeɣ ijjen tṣebnaɣ wen nneɣni. Tamɣart-inu tarumect tugim ad tejjem ad tadef a ad ayi-tawi aruḍ, rux as ɣar ṣebneɣ yina ad qqimeɣ s uzekmud jar inecraf. Qa ad ayi-tnim maɣar. Uca arrin-d arruḍ- nni. Ssedḥan zeg ufqir Ɛmar waha wami idja d aswisri. Ma neccin teggen day-neɣ min war iggi Uṣeppanyu di rejdud-nneɣ. S manaya i nenna belli aḥewwas Aṣeppanyu ura yina