Q=3	C=1	SS=0	LS=1	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=9	G0=150	G1=95	G2=38	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Amezruy n Tefsut n Yimazighen\n[Tafsut n 1980 deg Tmurt n Leqbayel d tin ay ikecmen deg umezruy (ttarix) n tmaziγt d win n Ldzayer akk-n ma tella. Deg wussan-nni, ḍrant aṭas n tγawsiwin s tγawla, d tid ay yuraren dduṛ d ameqran deg tikli i lmend n westeεṛef s tmaziγt deg tmurt-is. Yelha ma nessawel-d γef way-n yeḍran deg Tefsut-nni akk-n ad nefhem xir tidyanin-a. Aḍris-a ay d-nuwey d tukkist (extrait) seg "Weγmis n Tedyanin n Tmurt n Leqbayel" ay yura Rachid Chaker deg tallit-nni u yeffeγ-d deg tesγunt (revue) n "Les Temps Modernes" (uṭṭunen 432-433, Yunyuz-Γuct 1982), akk d tesγunt Tafsut.]\nAss n lḥedd, 9 Meγres 1980 :\nTasdawit n Tizi Wezzu tella tesεa imir-n sin n yiseggasen d wezgen seg wasmi ay tettwaldi yernu yufa-d lḥal yagi tga tlata yisundilen (grèves) imeqranen, aneggaru deg-sen d win ay d-yellan deg gar 17 Tubeṛ d 13 Nwembeṛ 1979. Asunded-nni gan-t γef wugur n ugenses idetti (représentation authentique) n yinelmaden sdaxel n tesdawit. Akabar n Tirni n Weslelli Aγelnaw (FLN) yella la d-yeqqar dakk-n inelmaden ara yesseḥṛasen akk-n ad gen isundilen-a d "imesmaziγen" (berbéristes) neγ d imaṛksiyen imaziγen (u llan qqaren-asen "Bougiots").\nSeg yimir-n, iselmaden ay llan ttwalin-ten d imaṛksiyen, llan ur ten-ttaznen ara γer Tizi Wezzu, wanag ttaznen-ten γer tesdawit n Seṭṭif. Ma d iselmaden idzayriyen ay yeγran deg Fṛansa llan ttqaraεen-ten u tikkwal ssagaden-ten. Yagi, deg way-n iεeddan, aṭas n tikkal ur jjin ara ad d-ilint tmeskanin tidelsanin (manifestations culturelles) tidelsanin timaziγin deg Tizi Wezzu. Ur jjin ara Aït Menguellet neγ Yidir ad cnun, menεen tamezgunt (pièce de théâtre) n "2000 n yiseggasen n Ṭ̣ṭrad" ay llan tturaren-tt-id s teqbaylit.\nKra n wussan uqbel ma yusa-d Mouloud Mammeri γer tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad d-yeg asarag-is, sneṭḍen yinelmaden inazalen (affiches) deg yiγerban akk-n ad d-xebbren γef way-a. Anemhal n tesdawit (recteur), γas ma yella ur as-yeεjib ara lḥal, yeqbel ad d-yili usarag-nni imi d aseqqamu (comité) n uγaram (cité) n Oued Aïssi ay d-yelhan s tigin n usarag-a yernu aseqqamu-a testeεṛef yes-s tedbelt (administration). D acu kan, aṭas n yinazalen ay d-yettwasγersen. Deg yiḍ n wass n lḥedd d letniyen (γef ttnac n yiḍ), yeγra-as-d yiwen i Mouloud Mammeri, yenna-as dakk-n d netta ay d anemhal n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu u yenna-as dakk-n asarag-nni-ines yebṭel.\nAss n letniyen 10 Meγres 1980\nAzekka-nni taṣ̣ebḥit, Mouloud Mammeri yesteqsa, u d Mass Arab, anemhal (directeur) n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu s timmad-is ay as-yennan dakk-n maci d netta ay as-d-yeγran yernu asarag-ines ur yettwamneε, ur yettuwexxer. Γef tizi n ttnac n wass, Mouloud Mammeri yeqleε seg Ldzayer, yedda id-s Salem Chaker d yiwen n unehhaṛ iqeddcen deg CRAPE, la tteddun γer Tizi Wezzu. Mi uwḍen γer Dreε Ben Xedda, γef jjuj, yeḥbes-iten yiwen n wuggug (barrage) n yibulisen (uggug niḍen yella yegguni-ten deg Buxalfa).\nSdeffir ma walan lekwaγeḍ-is, ibulisen uwyen Mouloud Mammeri γer uwali n Tizi Wezzu, u d netta ay as-d-yennan s yimi-s dakk-n asarag-ines (conférence) γer "yisefra iqdimen n teqbaylit" yettwamneε imi ay-a "yezmer ad d-yawi ccwal", am wakk-n ay as-yenna ad yeffeγ seg Tizi Wezzu imir-nni kan. Yuγ lḥal, awali yekcef-d ula d win ay iwekkel akk-n ad as-d-iγer i Mammeri deg yiḍ-nni u ad as-yini dakk-n asarag-is yettwamneε. Wagi d Mass Merabtene, d anemhal (directeur) n COUS. Akk-a, Mammeri yeqqel yeẓra dakk-n anemhal n tesdawit ula ay t-yegren deg way-nni. Yuγ lḥal, anemhal n tesdawit akk d umaru amatu (secrétaire général) qqlen nnan-as i Mammeri dakk-n ay-nni yekka-d nnig n tezmert-nsen. Γef ṛṛebεa d wezgen n tmeddit, llan ugar n 1000 n medden ara yettṛajun melmi ara yebdu usarag-nni. Mi ẓran dakk-n yettwamneε, bdan la ten-id-ttalin wurfan, yernu ssefran ad gen timlilit i uzekka-nni, 11 Meγres, γef 9 n tṣ̣ebḥit.\nAss n ttlata 11 Meγres\nInelmaden gan tameskant-nsen (manifestation) tamezwarut deg yizenqan n Tizi Wezzu. Γef ttesεa n tṣ̣ebḥit ay mlalen u gar n 10:15 d 12:15, gar n 500 d 700 n yinelmaden ay yelḥan deg yizenqan n Tizi Wezzu, zzin-d sin iberdan γef yizenqan imeqranen n temdint. Tikli teḥbes sdat n Useqqamu Aγelnaw Aγerfan (CNP) n FLN, sdat n twilayt u sdat n tesnawit (lycée) n temdint, u llan refden tiḥucay ay deg d-uran "Idles amaziγ : idles aγerfan", "Awali, Aseqqamu aγelnaw aγerfan, asarag n Mammeri yettwamneε ?", "Ḥebset aqmaḍ n yedles". Uran-d daγen s tefṛensist : "Ad yeγli weqmaḍ" (répression), "Awali, Aseqqamu aγelnaw aγerfan d iqettalen". Ma s tmaziγt uran-d "Tamaziγt d tameslayt-nneγ", "Ad nerreẓ wala ad neknu", "Neεya deg lbaṭel".\nImeẓla (ssrabes) n weqmaḍ (respression) llan ḥedṛen s waṭas dinna : ibulisen, ijadeṛmiyen d yisexsayen (pompiers), d acu kan, ur d-giren ara iman-nsen. Kullec yeḥbes deg temdint yernu medden llan la d-ttḍillin seg ṭṭwaqi n yexxamen. Medden amzun ddan u fkan-asen lḥeqq i yinelmaden-nni, maca ur d-sbanen ara lebγi-nsen akk-n ad ttekkin neγ ad εawnen inelmaden. D acu, llant kra n temγarin nnant-asen d "arrac ijehlen". Deg tmeddit n wass-nni, mlalen yiselmaden idzayriyen n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu u uran-d aḍris (texte) n yiwet n tsakbabt (pétition), aḍris-nni gan-t d tabṛat yeldin i uneγlaf (ministre) n usselmed aεlayan. Deg weḍris-nsen, iselmaden ur qbilen ara imi ay yettwamneε usarag (conférence) n umeddakel-nsen deg tesdawit, u sḥeṛsen i wakk-n ad tettuqader lḥeṛma n tesdawit (ur qbilen ara imi ara d-keccmen yibulisen γer daxel n tesdawit ...), a m wakk-n ssuttren ad tili tlelli n wawal ladγa deg way-n yerzan idles d yiles amaziγ. Tabṛat-nni zemlen-tt (stenyan-tt) ṛebεin n yiselmaden (ṛebεa yimuren γef xemsa seg yiselmaden idzayriyen yellan qeddcen deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu).\nAss n laṛebεa 12 Meγres 1980\nAgraw amatu (assemblée générale) n yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu yura-d yiwet n "tebṛat yeldin i Uselway n Tegduda". Tabṛat-nni ssuffγen-d seg-s luluf n tsukan (copies) u ferqen-tent deg waṭas n yimukan (Ldzayer, Bumerdas, atg.). Tabṛat-a yettwarun s yiles ur nqesseḥ ara aṭas d tin ay deg d-bedren yinelmaden ay-n d-yeqqar werkawal aγelnaw (charte nationale). Daγen, inelmaden bedren-d deg tebṛat-nsen akk ay-n yeḍran deg wussan-nni nnan-d dakk-n iles d yedles imaziγen ttalasen ad ttusnernin, am wakk-n d-ssuttren dakk-n tamaziγt ad teqqel d iles aγelnaw wis sin deg tmurt.\nDeg Ldzayer tamaneγt, medden yeslan s way-n ara iḍerrun deg Tizi Wezzu, banen-d amzun ur uminen ara, bitt llan kra kra nnan-d dakk-n ay-a d lekdeb akk yernu ur uminen ara ula s Mouloud Mammeri dakk-n yella. D acu kan, llan kra n medden, qlilit, llan bγan ad gen tameskant (tamesbanit) deg wezniq !\nAss n lexmis 13 Meγres 1980\nIselmaden n Usudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (institut des Sciences économiques) n Ldzayer tamaneγt) asmi ay ẓran s lexbar, gan tasakbabt (pétition) ay fkan i weγlif (ministère) akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara amnaε n usarag-nni (conférence) n Mammeri. Aḍris-a zemlen-t (stenyan-t) ṛebεin n yiselmaden, meḥsub tlata n yimuren γef ṛebεa seg yiselmaden idzayriyen (gar-asen wid iqeddcen deg PAGS [akabar amesdukli (parti communiste)] d wid iqeddcen deg tedbelt (administration)]. Deg webrid, gar Budwaw d Tizi Wezzu, amur ameqran deg yigalisen (tiplakin) akk d tseddariyin (abribus) uran deg-sent s ssbiγa : "Tugdut", "Aït Ahmed deg tmurt !", "Ḥebset assenger n yedles !", "FLN amaynut d afaci", "Akk d inmeglayen" (opposants). Tira-a uran-tent deg yiḍ n 12 d 13 Meγres. Medden walan daγen tira am tigi deg Tizi Wezzu akk d yiberdan yettalin γer tuddar deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Adabu yeεreḍ ad yeffer akk tira-nni s tγawla s ssbiγa tamellalt neγ taweṛdit, deg wass n lexmis, 13 Meγres. Ass-nni daγen ay d-yeffeγ umagrad (article) amezwaru deg lbeṛṛani γef way-n ara iḍerrun deg Tizi Wezzu. Wa d amagrad awezlan ay d-yeffγen deg weγmis afṛensis n Libération, yeḥka-d ay-n yeḍran s tidet deg wass n 11 Meγres. (Mebla ccek, d ay-n ay yejjan akk lejnas ad d-rren lwelha-nsen γer tedyanin-a !).\nAss n ljemεa 14 Meγres 1980\nMedden bdan la ttmeslayen γef tira-nni u mxallafen leṛyuy-nsen fell-asen.\nAss n ssebt 15 Meγres 1980\nTerza yiwet n tfagla (délégation) n yinelmaden i tikkelt tamezwarut γer tselwit (présidence) u tejja-n dinna tabṛat yeldin i uselway. D A. Benhabyles ay ten-yemmugren, iban-d yewhem maca ur d-yesban ara taεdawt-ines. Inelmaden sseknen-as-d amek ay tettwaru tmaziγt (s tfinaγ) u yenna-d dakk-n yefka tira-nni i Uselway (?). Deg temlilit-ines tis snat akk d yinelmaden ay d-yesban addud-ines (position).\nAss n lḥedd 16 Meγres 1980\nDeg Ldzayer, medden la ttmeslayen dakk-n tella yiwet n tewriqt n FFS ay yettwaferqen γef yinelmaden deg wussan-nni (yuγ lḥal, d tin ay d tawriqt tis tlata ara yefreq ukabar-a deg setta n wayyuren ineggura). Tawriqt-a tessawal-d γef tedyanin-nni n Tizi Wezzu u tenna-d dakk-n 2000 n yinelmaden ay yettekkan deg tmeskant-nni (tamesbanit) n 11 Meγres (yili ay-a ur iṣ̣eḥḥa).\nDeg Tmurt n Leqbayel, ass n lḥedd 16, letniyen 17 d wass n ttlata 18 Meγres, medden gan timeskanin (timesbaniyin) deg Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten, deg Yiεeẓẓugen akk d Σin Lḥemmam. Deg Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten, medden qqimen la tteddun deg yizenqan tlata n wussan, wa sdeffir wa. Aṭas seg wid yettekkan deg tmeskanin-a d ilmeẓyen (inelmaden n tesnawiyin [lycéens], atg.), akk d kra n yigerdan d tlawin (amur ameqran deg-sent d timγarin). Ḍrant tγawsiwin yessewhamen. Deg Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten, medden kecmen γer lkaziṛna u ḥettmen iserdasen (iεsekṛiyen) ad d-ffγen seg-s s yiceṭṭiḍen n waddal (sport) (imi ay llan la ttgen addal) i wakk-n ad ttekkin yid-sen deg tmeskant γef yiles amaziγ. Ula d amγiwan (lmir) ḥettmen-t ad d-yeffeγ, u ad yezwir i ṣ̣ṣ̣ef u ad d-yini "Ad ddren Yimaziγen".\nDeg yal amkan, medden rẓan jjaj d yigalisen (tiplakin) n lbenyanat n ddula u uran fell-asen isekkilen (lḥuṛuf) n tfinaγ. Deg Yiεeẓẓugen, yiwen n ubulis yusa-d ad yennaγ medden imi ay rẓan yiwen n ugalis n FLN, dγa smaren fell-as acabcaq n ssbiγa tazewwaγt. Imsenza (ttejjaṛ) γelqen tiḥuna-nsen maca kra nnan-d dakk-n d medden ay ten-iḥettmen ad γelqen.\nAss n letniyen 17 Meγres 1980\nDaniel Junqua yellan la iqeddec d anemyaru (correspondant) deg weγmis n "Le Monde", yedda γer Tizi Wezzu u yebda la yesteqsay inelmaden d yiselmaden. Yeεreḍ ad yesteqsi daγen kra n yemḍebbren, maca ur yessaweḍ ara (anemhal n tesdawit [recteur] ulac-it, atg.). Deg wass n 19 Meγres, yeffeγ-d umagrad (article) amezwaru deg Le Monde u yeḥka-d γef lumuṛ akk-n ḍrant (mebla azeyyed wala assenqes).\nDeg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu, inelmaden d yiselmaden la ssawalen γef wakk ay-n yeḍran. Llan kra bγan ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara ad ad d-gren iman-nsen yikabaren (partis) n tenmegla (oppisition) deg temsalt-a u ad εerḍen ad sqedcen tidyanin-a deg leṣ̣laḥ-nsen, d acu kan, rran-ten deg rrif yernu jjan ay-n akk-n llan bγan ad t-gen. Tameddit-nni, Ferhat Mhenni, acennay n terbaεt Imaziγen Imula iga abaraz (gala) deg telmessit (foyer) n yinelmaden deg Yiḥesnawen. Ḥedṛen azal n 1000 n yinelmaden, gar-asen anemhal (directeur) n COUS, Merabtene, yellan yeskeṛ yernu llan la smesxiren yes-s yinelmaden. Abaraz-nni yeqqel d timlilit ay yes d-sseknen yinelmaden dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (respression) n ddula. Timlilit-a teqqel mechuṛet imi ay sqerdcen yinelmaden s lejheṛ γef kra n temsal tisertiyin (politiques) am tuqqla n Aït Ahmed d Boudiaf. Arezki About yellan iqeddec deg unegmi (laboratoire) n tesdawit, yessawel-d γef yiwet n tewriqt ay n FUAA ay d-sεeddan s ddaw n tewwurt n texxamt-is.\nAss n ttlata 18 Meγres 1980\nLexbar n timeskanin (timesbaniyin) ay d-yellan deg Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten, Iεeẓẓugen d Σin Lḥemmam yelfa-d d tidet. Medden qqlen la ttwalin lumuṛ s leḥder (ladγa irgazen imeqranen), imi ugaden "lemmer ad yekker ṭṭrad aγarim (guerre civile)".\nAss n laṛebεa 19 Meγres 1980\nAneγlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aεlayan, Bererhi, yemlal i tikkelt tamezwarut akk d Mammeri, u yessutter seg-s ssmaḥ d ameqran s yiles "aẓidan am tamemt", maca ur iban ara γef wacu. Tikkelt niḍen, yeγra-as akk-n ad t-yenṣ̣eḥ ur yettekkay ara deg yisaragen (conférences) ay ssefran ad ten-gen yinelmaden deg uγaram (cité) n tesdawit n teqcicin deg Ben Aknoun, γef yedles aγelnaw. Nnan-asen daγen akk-a i Mass Labidi akk d Rachid Boudjedra, imi ay ugaden lemmer ad ttekkin deg yisaragen-nni. Mammeri yessutter ssmaḥ s leḥdaqa deg teqcicin ay t-iεerḍen. Kra n teqcicin n Tdukli Taγelnawt n Yelmeẓyen Idzayriyen (UNJA) εerḍent ad frunt ugur-a, maca ur ssawḍent ara.\nAss n lexmis 20 Meγres 1980\nAγmis n El Moudjahid yessuffeγ-d yiwet n tebṛat n ucemmet d rregmat yettwaxetmen s yisem n K.B. (mebla ccek d Kamel Belkacem, anemhal n tira [rédacteur en chef] n weγmis-a). Tabṛat-a tetthem Mammeri (mebla ma tebder-d isem-is) belli d axabit ixeddmen akk d temharsa (colonialisme). Tasγunt n "Révolution Africaine" tessuffeγ-d daγen tigejdit (éditorial), ur yettwafhem ara d acu ay d-yeqsed maca, deg tgara, iwet-d deg wid ay d-yessekren ccwal deg Tizi Wezzu. Ma d aγmis n Algérie Actualité yenna-d dakk-n tirzi ay iga Chadli γer Ccerq Alemmas d tin ay yessefra ad tt-yeg aṭas ay-a, yernu ccwal yekkren deg tmurt n Leqbayel ur yeqqin ara γer tirzi-a. Nnig way-a, Chadli yessefra ad yerzu γef Tizi Wezzu deg wass n 15 neγ 16 Meγres. Γef way-a ay gan kra n lecγal n ucebbeḥ n temdint s tγawla deg wussan-nni.\nDeg Dreε Lmizan, inelmaden n tesnawiyin (lycées) εerḍen ad gen tamsekant (tamesbanit) i tikkelt tamezwarut deg wussan-nni n yimuras (vacances). Ttekkan azal n 200 n yinelmaden deg tmeskant-nni. Deg Tizi Wezzu, inelmaden gan timlilit iweεṛen ay deg kra ur qbilen ara imi ay d-gren iman-nsen yikabaren n tenmegla (partis d'opposition) am FFS, FUAA d PRS. Kra bedren-d ula d PAGS (akabar amesdukli [parti communiste]) yellan la yesseqdac ma ulac sin wid yellan "la d-ssenkaren" inelmaden). Deg temlilit-a, inelmaden n Tizi Wezzu fran-tt-id ad ddun γer Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten, Iεeẓẓugen d tmura niḍen u ad εerḍen ad ten-qennεen ur d-ttadren ara γer Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad msegrawen dinna. Tameskant-nni ay γef llan la ssawalen medden aṭas ay-a (ula deg Ldzayer) yewεeṛ akk-n ad tt-ḥebsen. Iγallen n laman llan swejden iman-nsen akk-n ad wten.\nAss n ssebt 22 Meγres 1980\nIselmaden n Tizi Wezzu la ssawalen γef tririt ara gen i umagrad-nni (article) n ucemmet d rregmat ay d-yeffγen deg El Moudjahid. Yuγ lḥal, amagrad-a iḥuza ula d iselmaden n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. Deg Ldzayer, kra n yiselmaden n tesdawit εerḍen ad d-gen tasakbabt (pétition) ara fken i El Moudjahid akk-n ad as-yeḍmen i Mammeri lḥeqq n uwajeb deg weγmis-a. Ciṭṭaḥ kan ay iqeblen ad zemlen (ad stenyin) tasakbabt-a. Ula d wid iqeddcen deg CRAPE (anda ay yella Mammeri iqeddec d anemhal [directeur]), maci aṭas ay tt-izemlen.\nAss n letniyen 24 Meγres 1980\nIselmaden n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu ur msefhamen ara γef lecγal ara gen. Tabṛat yeldin ay uran i uneγlaf (lewzir) werεad ur tt-uzinen ara. Deg Usudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (Institut des Sciences Economiques) deg Tizi Wezzu, anemhal Arab yessebded-d taseqqamut taslemdant (commission pédagogique). Iselmaden ssuttren deg tedbelt (administration) ad asen-tefru ugur n ussuffeγ n tsukan (polycopies) uqbel n 29 Meγres. Ma ur yefri ara wugur-a, ad gen asunded (grève).\nAss n ttlata 25 Meγres 1980\nAsudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (Insitut des Sciences Economiques) n Ldzayer yebda-d asunded (grève) n tlata n wussan imi aseqqamu (comité) n usudu-nsen ur testeεṛef ara yes-s tesdawit.\nAneγlaf (ministre) n Usselγu (information), Mehri, yemlal d Mammeri u yessutter seg-s ssmaḥ s leḥdaqa imi ur yezmir ara ad t-yejj ad d-yessuffeγ tiririt-ines deg weγmis n El Moudjahed. Mammeri ur yebγi ara ad ikemmel asseḥṛes-ines γef El Moudjahed, dγa yeεred ad yessutter ad d-yessuffeγ tiririt-ines deg Algérie-Actualité. Gar way-a d way-n niḍen, anemhal n Unadi ussnan (rechercher scientifique) n weγlif (ministère), Mass Benbouzid, akk d kra n medden n ONRS, nnan-d dakk-n ad qeblen lemmer ad d-gen amkan i usselmed n tmaziγt deg tesdawit u ad d-gen afurk (branche) n unadi deg wenrar-a. Aṭas n tsakbabin (pétitions) n wurfan n medden ara d-yettawḍen γer udabu.\n26 Meγres 1980\nGan tameskant (tamesbanit) niḍen deg Tizi Wezzu, ay deg ttekkan azal n 1000 n yinelmaden. Ibulisen ur d-giren ara iman-nsen.\n30 Meγres 1980\nDeg Fṛansa, Aït Menguellet yeγra-d kra n yisefra deg tewwurt n Pantin. Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan (droits) idelsanen iger-d tiγri akk-n ad msegrawen medden deg tsusmi sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa.\n6 Yebrir 1980\nInelmaden gan timlilit deg Yiḥesnawen (Tizi Wezzu) u fran-tt-id ad ṭṭfen u ad qqimen deg tzeqqa (salle) n assukken (reprographie) n tesdawit u gren-d tiγri akk-n ad gen tameskant (tamesbanit) deg wass n 7 Yebrir deg Ldzayer tamaneγt.\n7 Yebrir 1980\nLεecṛa n tṣ̣ebḥit. Ldzayer tamaneγt, deg Tsenbert (place) n Umezwaru n Mayyu. 500 n yinelmaden d yiselmaden ay yemsegrawen akk-n ad d-ssuttren dakk-n idles amaziγ yettalas ad yili. Tiḥucay ay refden yura-d deg-sent "Idles aγerfan (culture populaire)", "Tilelli n wawal", "tamaziγt ur telli ara d iles adzayri ?", "tugdut tadelsant (démocratie culturelle)". Wid yettekkan deg tmeskant-a (tamesbanit) bdan la d-cennun imseγret (nnacid) n yemjuhad "Min jibalina" (Seg yidurar-nneγ ay d-tuli taγect n tlelli). Ibulisen bdan la kkaten medden akk-n kan d-tebda tikli. Wten wid yettekkan u qemḍen-ten mebla ṛṛeḥma. Azal n 200 ay ssulin deg yifurguten s tiyta n tdebbuzin. Gar wid yettekkan, llan aṭas ay yettwajerḥen, gar-asen xemsa γlin deg lkuma. Yiwen seg wid yettekkan wten-t s tdebbuzin alama ay yemmut. Deg tesdawit n Ldzayer, inelmaden deγren (bbuṭin) akk-n ad gen asunded (grève). Tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu tga asunded daγen yernu ṭṭfen-tt yinelmaden, deg-s ara ttγimin, deg-s ara gganen.\nΓef leḥdac d wezgen n tṣ̣ebḥit, deg tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer, inelmaden gan timlilit akk-n ad mciwṛen γef tikliwin niḍen ara gen sdat n teγsart talemmast n yibulisen (commissariat central) akk-n ad sbegnen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression).\nΓef tlata n tmeddit, Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen (Comité de défense des droits culturels) yessegrew-d azal n 1000 n yemdanen deg tsusmi sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa. Wid igan amsegraw-a llan bγan ad as-fken yiwen n ussumer (motion) i wenmahal (ambassadeur). D acu kan , aneggaru-a yegguma ad ten-yemmager u yenna-d dakk-n wigi ur llin d Idzayriyen. Aseqqamu yura-d yiwet n tebṛat yeldin i uselway (ṛṛayes) u iga-d tasakbabt (pétition) ara sseddun d tebṛat-nni.\nTameddit : Inelmaden n Tizi Wezzu gan timlilit ay deg ay tt-id-fran ad gen asunded amatu (grève générale) mebla tilisa, u ad qqimen ṭṭfen tasdawit.\nAss n 8 Yebrir 1980\nDeg Ldzayer tamaneγt, ugar n 1000 n yinelmaden ay d-yeffγen ad ttekkin deg tmeskant (tamesbanit) u la ttberriḥen "Ad yeγli weqmaḍ (répression)", "Ibulisen d iqettalen", "Brum-asen-d i wid yettwaṭṭfen", "Idles aγerfan (culture populaire) adzayri". Llan daγen la d-cennun imesγerten (nnacidat) n tmurt. Ibulisen dehhmen-ten s ljehd γer daxel n tesdawit. Tameskant-a teqqim ugar n snat n tsaεtin. Amur ameqran deg wid yettwaṭṭfen bran-asen-d.\nDeg Tmurt n Leqbayel, d luluf n yifellaḥen seg Σin Lḥemmam d Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten ay iεerḍen ad ttekkin deg yiwet n tikli ay gan deg Tizi Wezzu. Igen (armée) yergel-asen iberdan u iḥettem-iten ad qqlen γer tuddar-nsen. Amur ameqran deg wid yettwaṭṭfen iḍelli-nni bran-asen-d. Inelmaden n Bumerdas gan asunded (grève). Inelmaden d yiqeddacen n tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer gan-d assumer (motion) n uεiwen n yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu. Nnig way-a, gan-d daγen anaru (bureau) ara yesseddun lecγal n tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) deg Ldzayer tamaneγt.\n9 Yebrir 1980\nAmussu (mouvement) yebda la yettimγur deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ilmeẓyen n Yiwaḍiyen, Ayt Yanni, Ljemεa n Ssarij, Delles, Buṛj Mnayel, Sidi Σic, atg. gan timeskanin (timesbaniyin) akk-n ad d-ssuttren ad as-yettunefk lḥeqq i yedles amaziγ ad yili. Ass-nni deg Sidi Σic, yettwamneε ubaraz (gala) n Ferhat n Imaziγen Imula. Ibulisen ṭṭfen Ferhat.\nSeg 9 ar 15 Yebrir 1980\nDeg tuddar n Tmurt n Leqbayel, gan-d iseqquma n uqareε d uεiwen n yinelmaden igan asunded (grève).\n10 Yebrir 1980\nAkabar n Terni Weslelli Aγelnaw (FLN) iga tameskant (tamesbanit) mgal n tin ay gan yinelmaden deg Tizi Wezzu.\n11 Yebrir 1980\nMouloud Mammeri yuzen tiririt-ines i weγmis n El Moudjahid ay d-yessuffγen amagrad-nni (article) n ucemmet "Wid yettafken timsirin" (dduṛus). El Moudjahid yegguma ad d-yessuffeγ tiririt n Mammeri. D aγmis n Le Matin ay tt-id-yessuffγen. Inelmaden gan-as-d tisukan (copies) s Roneo u ferqen-tt γef medden ama deg Ldzayer, ama deg Fṛansa.\n13 Yebrir 1980\nAneγlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aεlayan yemlal d yiwet n terbaεt n yiselmaden n Tizi Wezzu. Inelmaden n tesnawit (lycée) n Amirouche, deg Tizi Wezzu, bdan-d asunded (grève) u ṭṭfen tasnawit-nni. Iqeddacen n sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu uznen assumer (motion) n uεiwen i yinelmaden igan asunded akk d tebṛat yeldin i uselway (ṛṛayes) Chadli ay deg ay as-ssuttren ad yeḥbes weqmaḍ (répression). Yiwet n tewriqt yettwaferqen γef medden (u nnan-d dakk-n n FFS) tger-d tiγri akk-n ad gen medden asunded amatu (grève générale) deg wass n 16 Yebrir.\n15 Yebrir 1980\nAseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer (Comité de la défense des droits culturels en Algérie) iger-d tiγri akk-n ad gen tikli deg wass n 26 Yebrir sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa u deg wass n Umezwaru n Mayyu seg wezniq n "Filles du Clavaire" alama d Bastille. Sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu ṭṭfen-t yiqeddacen.\n16 Yebrir 1980\nMedden gan asunded (grève) ikemlen deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Acennay Ferhat Mhenni n terbaεt n Imaziγen Imula yettwaker deg Dar El Beida [deg ccerq n Ldzayer tamaneγt] γef tizi n jjuj d wezgen n tmeddit. Aneγlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aεlayan iεeyyen-asen i yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad qqlen γer tγuri deg wass 19 Yebrir. Tameddit-nni, mlalen yiqeddacen n Sonelec, Sonelgaz, Sonitex, Casoral, sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu akk d yiselmaden n yinelmaden akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression) n ddula u sbedden-d aseqqamu aγerfan (comité populaire) i usseddu n lecγal.\n18 Yebrir 1980\nIminigen msegrawen sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Ottawa yernu gan tikli tazamalt (symbolique) sdat n wemni (parlement) akanadi.\nΓef lweḥda n tṣ̣ebḥit : tebda-d temhelt (opération) n Mizrana. Iγallen n weqmaḍ (répression) kecmen γer wakk imukan ay ṭṭfen yinelmaden d yiqeddacen (tasdawit, sbiṭar, lluzinat). Inelmaden yellan ṭṭsen bdan-ten s tiyta nitni mazal-iten deg wusu. Wid ara irewwlen bran-d fell-asen iḍan. Inelmaden la d-ttneggizen seg lbaṭimat n uγaram (cité) n tesdawit mebla ma lsan iceṭṭiḍen-nsen. Iselmaden ttwarefden seg yexxamen-nsen. Akk iqeddacen n sbiṭar ttwaṭṭfen, u uwyen-d deg wemkan-nsen imejjayen (iṭbiben) n lεeskeṛ. La ittezzi wawal dakk-n mmuten 32 n medden u d timeyyatin ay ijerḥen. Imezdaγen n Tizi Wezzu gan asunded amatu (grève générale). Medden ur d-jjin ula d yiwen n ugalis (taplakt) yuran s taεṛabt deg yizenqan. Tamurt n Leqbayel tegzem γef ddunit. Yettwamneε unekcum γer-s ladγa γef yineγmasen (imesjeṛnanen).\n21 Yebrir 1980\n21 seg wid yettwaṭṭfen ttucaṛεen deg Leqṣ̣er [Bgayet] u yeḥkem-d fell-asen wexxam n ccṛeε ad kecmen γer lḥebs. Medden bdan la regglen iberdan deg temdint akk d teγsart n tmacint (gare). Iγallen n weqmaḍ (répression) bdan la tteddun deg yizenqan s yibeckiḍen yesεan tiferyin yernu sxerben igniren (galeries) imaynuten (ahat gan ay-a akk-n ad smentsen [provoquer] medden ?). Medden sxerben ammas n tinḍi (centre d'artisanat), taγsart (station) n lkiṛan akk d tedwirt n Kharroubi. Imezdaγen n tuddar ay d-iqerben γer Tizi Wezzu udren-d akk-n u gan tikli deg temdint-a akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression) d tmenγiwt n medden.\n22 Yebrir 1980\nAsunded amatu (grève générale) yuweḍ γer wass-ines wis tlata. Mazal la regglen iberdan deg Tizi Wezzu. Imeskanen (manifestants) la tteddun deg temdint s tḥucay akk-n ad d-ssuttren ad asen-d-brun i wid yettwaṭṭfen u ad ḥebsen aqmaḍ (répression). Imeskanen refden daγen tiḥucay ay deg d-uran "Imaziγen". Ibulisen (tamunin tiγelnawin n tγellist, CNS) mmγen γef yiselmaden seg sdeffir. Llan-d yimenγin imeqranen deg wakk imukan n Tizi Wezzu gar yibulisen d yimeskanen. Imesdurar qqlen-d γer temdint yernu ula d nitni bdan la regglen iberdan. Sxerben inura (lbiruwat) n APS, SAA, axxam n tinḍi, anaru (lbiru) n ukabar n FLN, asensu (hôtel) n Balwa akk d tzeqqa n ssinima Mondial. Iqeddacen n sbiṭar n Mustapha Bacha, deg Ldzayer tamaneγt, bdan-d ula d nitni asunded akk-n ad msegman d Tmurt n Leqbayel.\n23 Yebrir 1980\nAss wis ṛebεa n ussunded amatu (grève générale). Ibulisen la ttaṭṭafen medden s waṭas u deg yal amkan. Imeskanen (manifestants) ay d-yusan seg Tegzirt nnuγen akk d yiγallen n weqmaḍ (répression) deg unekcum n temdint n Tizi Wezzu. Yella-d daγen yimenγi d ameqran deg Dreε Ben Xedda.\n24 Yebrir 1980\nTebda la d-tteqqel "lehna" cwiṭ, cwiṭ. Tiḥuna n tuccit bdant la leddint tameddit n wass-nni. Llan-d yimenγiyen d imeqranen gar yimeskanen (manifestants) (deg Yiwaḍiyen, Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten d Σin Lḥemmam) d yiγallen n weqmaḍ. Igniren (galeries) imaynuten hudden seg lketṛa n sselεa.\n25 Yebrir 1980\nIγallen n weqmaḍ ṭṭfen akk tamdint n Tizi Wezzu. Tilibizyu n Ldzayer tṣ̣ewwer-d imukan yettwasxerben. Γef lxemsa n tmeddit, anmahal (ambassadeur) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa yemlal d weγlif (ministère) n tγawsiwin n beṛṛa deg Quai d'Orsay. Γef lxemsa u xemsin n ddqayeq, anebdad (préfet) n yibulisen n Paris yenna-as i Useqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer dakk-n tikli-nni ay ssefran ad tt-gen i uzekka-nni tettwamneε.\n26 Yebrir 1980\nAnebdad (préfet) yemneε tikli-nni, d acu kan, γas ma yella Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer llan zemren ad t-ttehmen, yessγer aqerru u iger-d tiγri deg weγmis (ajeṛnan) d ṛṛadyu akk-n ad d-asen ttekkin medden deg tikli-nni. 500 n yemdanen ay yettekkan. 400 seg-sen ṭṭfen-ten yibulisen u uwyen-ten γer Vincennes anda ay ten-qellben, weṣ̣ṣ̣fen-ten yernu gan-asen tisenta (fiches). Tadukli (Amicale) n Yidzayriyen deg Fṛansa tessegrew-d 200 n yemdanen akk-n ad smentsen (provoquer) wid ara yettekkin deg tikli-nni, usan-d deg lkiṛan γer Paris yernu llan ttuxellaṣ̣en s wass.\n29 Yebrir 1980\nAseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer yessefra ad yeg tikli tasusamt deg wass n 1 Mayyu, d acu kan, anebdad n Paris yemneε tikli-nni imi "ay tezmer ad d-teglu s ccwal".\n10 Mayyu 1980\nMatoub Lounes iga abaraz (gala) deg Olympia (deg Paris). Medden gan ddqiqa n tsusmi akk-n ad msegman d umussu aγerfan (mouvement populaire) deg Ldzayer.\n12 Mayyu 1980\nTasdawit n Ldzayer tga asunded (grève).\n16 Mayyu 1980\nEl Moudjahid yessuffeγ-d umuγ (liste) n 24 n yimeḥbas u yenna-d dakk-n wigi ad εeddin deg ccṛeε n laman n ddula deg Lemdeyya.\n18 Mayyu 1980\nDeg Tizi Wezzu gan asunded amatu (grève générale), medden akk ttekkan deg-s (ala igniren [galeries] imaynuten n Ldzayer.\n19 Mayyu 1980\nDeg Ldzayer gan tameskant (manifestation) mgal n weqmaḍ (répression).\n24 Mayyu 1980\nInelmaden gan timlilit deg tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer, maca mmγen fell-asen wid ay yessexdam udabu.\n25 Mayyu 1980\nAseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer yessuffeγ-d "Tabṛat yeldin i Chadli" sdeffir ma yessegrew-d 3522 n tekbabin (signatures).\n3 Yunyu 1980\nAseqqamu agraγlan n uεiwen n teγtas n weqmaḍ deg Ldzayer (Comité international de soutien aux victimes de la répression en Algérie) yessuffeγ-d tasakbabt-ines (pétition). Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer sbedden-t-id s tidet u yessegrew-d 140 n tekbabin (signatures) sγur yemdanen yettwassnen deg tesdawiyin d tẓuri (art).\n21 Yunyu 1980\nΓef jjuj n tmeddit, Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer (CDDCA) akk d Useqqamu agraγlan mgal aqmaḍ (répression) gan timlilit sdat n Taggazt n Leqdic (Bourse de travail) deg Paris. Gar yiberriḥen (slogans) ay d-nnan medden : "Ḥebsem aqmaḍ", "Brum-asen-d i yimeḥbas akk mebla ccuruṭ", "ilsawen iγerfanen (populaires) (taεṛabt n Ldzayer d tmaziγt d ilsawen iγelnawen". Akk tuddsiwin (organisations) d yemdanen idzayriyen d yefṛensisen yettwassnen ttwaεerḍen-d γer temlilit-a. Ttekkan deg-s akk wid ay yesteεṛfen s yimenzayen-a (principes). CDDCA, ASEP, UNEF, LCR, FEN, FO, OCI, FFS. Ma Djamel Allam akk d terbaεt n Djurdjura gguman ad ttekkin deg temlilit-a. Ferhat d Aït Menguellet llan ttwaṭṭfen deg Ldzayer.\n25 Yunyu 1980\nDeg Tizi Wezzu, medden gan ass n webdad i lmend n yimeḥbas. Γef tmanya n tmeddit, Tanegga n Tγamsa Tadzayrit (APS) tenna-d dakk-n 24-nni n yimeḥbas n Berrouaghia ad asen-fken tilelli takudant (liberté provisoire) i uzekka-nni.\n26 Yunyu 1980\nTeqleε yiwet n terbaεt, deg-s aṭas n tkeṛwas, seg Tizi Wezzu, akk-n ad d-awyen imeḥbas-nni umi d-bran. Wigi, mi ten-id-ssawḍen γer Tizi Wezzu, gan-asen tameγra.\nUmuγ n 24-nni n yimeḥbas n Berrouaghia :\nRachid Chaker yemmut deg wass n 5 Γuct 1980 deg yiwet n twaγit n webrid ay deg mmuten ula d tameṭṭut-is, memmi-s d yemma-s. Yella d aselmad amalal (assistant) n tdamsa (économie) deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. Yettekka deg umussu (mouvement) n Tefsut n 1980 deg umazday (collectif) "mgal n weqmaḍ" (anti-répression) deg tesdawit.\nTiγbula : http://membres.lycos.fr/cicbgayet/ch20avril80.html


Q=10	C=0	SS=0	LS=10	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=3	G0=17	G1=11	G2=6	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=You are at:Home»Yemmut Yedder»Awal ɣef Dda Muhand Arab Bessaoud\nBy youcef achouri on\t 3 février 2017 Yemmut Yedder\nTalalit-ines deg useggas 1924 di tmurt n Leqbayel, Tagemmunt n Lejdid. tamurt n tẓuri d umezruy. 15 iseggasen deg wesmud-is mi yerra lwelha-ines ɣer ukabar itri n tefriqt ugafa ”l’etoile du nord-Africaine” d yekren mgal amnekcam afansawi. Imi d netta id amussu aɣennazri amezwaru, ilul-d di Paris, ɣef ufus n kra n yelmeẓyen iqbayliyen n tallit-nni, ger-asen, IMACHE. SI DJILALI, AIT TOUDERT, BOUNOUNE…aneɣmas n tmaziɣt ALI IMACHE yemmut di 1946, Muhend Arabe yella d aselmad, di yuɣal yekcem deg ukabar n tirni n weslelli aɣalnaw, FLN .\nDi yennayer 1955 KRIM BELKACEM yiwen seg massayen n tmurt n leqbayel yerrat d imḍebber ɣef taywalt n temnaṭ-agi. Tawilayt tis III, syen ɣer twilayt tis IV ayen iwumi qqaren L’Algerois, s yen yezger ɣer tmurt n Lmaruk. Mi yiweḍ ɣer Lmaruk yeɣli-d deg umerdax n Boussouf, aqadum idammen, d Ferhat Abbas d Krim Belkacem-it-id-iselken.\nDi 62 mi tewwi Lezzayer timunent-ines, yugi cciɛat, yugi lerbaḥ, anda imjuhad d-tessegra tegrawla bdan hewwṣen, bdan cellxen di lerzaq yeqwa-tt buḥwaṣu, netta yeṭṭef di lɛehd n Wenbir 54. Di tallit-nni i yura adlis-is ɣef umezruy n tegrawal, s yezwel: a rrezg n imeɣrasen ur neḥdir ara “”hureux martyres qui n’ont rien vu” adlis-agi d asennan ara d-yessefin tisfi tasertit n temsalt yettwassnen “les Berberistes “ aql-aɣ deg useggas n 1963, azemz n uzizreg n wedlis-agi, Dda Muḥend Arab ibeggen-d s wudem n tidet d akken Bumedyen d aɛdaw amezwaru n tegrawla.\nDi tedyant n 1963 n FFS Bessaεud Muḥend Arab, yedda d watmaten-is, yettusemma d imḍebber aserdasi, aserti n tmurt n Leqbayel n wadda. Seg-imi wid d-yekkren mgal aṣaduf n tallit-nni, wa yemmut, wa yettwaṭṭef ɣer lḥebs, yerna-ten udabu aḍeddar. deg useggas 1965 yessaweḍ ad yerwel ɣer Fransa. Di 1966 yessers tasbedda Agraw Imaziɣen ” l’Académie Berbere” , netta d watmaten-is n umennuɣ Taos Amrouche, Said Hanouz, Amer Naroun, Muḥend Ameqran Khlifati. Y Bouchek, M Arkoun…\nLeqdic deg wegraw imaziɣen d win yellan deg tigawt, ama ɣef umezruy, tutlayt, ilugan n tira, ccna, tamedyezt, timucuha d wayen yellan merra d tigemmi, tasnilsit…\nAgraw imaziɣen di T-shirt yettwaru s tifinaɣ, merra imaziɣen s zzuɣ i tettlusun ttzuxxun yes-s deg yiberdan. Xas akken ttawilat ulac merra. Acu kan lebɣi meqqer. Agraw Imaziɣen yettheggi-d timeɣriwin, isaragen, asezri n isura icudden ɣer tmaziɣt.\nAgarw imaziɣen yuɣal d llem i timuda n izayriyen di lurup “amical des Algeriens en Europe” imi merra iminigen ttruḥen ɣer tmeɣriwin d yetheggi wegraw imaziɣen, uɣalen ɣunzan tudsa-agi n udabu.\nUssan n umalas, uṭṭunen, amenzu useggas imaziɣen, ismawen n wemdan s tmaziɣt, wigi merra llan tesfeḍ-iten tatut, d netta id-asen d-yerran tudert, di tegnit n wass-a nesseqdaciten. Aseqɛed n tifineɣ. Asenlfu di kran n taɣulin ”néologisme” asenjak imaziɣen yebḍa ɣef 3 wanuɣen wa nnig wa\n1 azegzaw : ilagrakal\n2 adal : akal n tyerza yezga-d ger yil d tniri\n3 Awraɣ : tiniri d tnezruf\nDi tlemmast nsen ad naf askil n ⵣ s tifineɣ tura asenǧaq-aki yetwarfed di Lmarruk, Lzayer, Libya, tunes, tigzirin tiknatiyin, siwa di Maser, aẓawad di mli, yuɣal d azamul n imaziɣen anda ma llan. Refdent deg tegnawt tzuxxun-yes.\nTasɣunt Imaziɣen texdem axessar ulac anda ur tuwiḍ ara, tiweḍ-d ula ɣer lzayer tetteddu seddaw tecḍaṭ, ayen i d-ixedman ugur ameqran i udabu amesbaṭli, seg imi yuɣal yettesḍaḍ anda ara yaf imeɣnasen yeqqaren tasɣunt-agi, aṭas n ineɣmasen i ikecmen ɣer lḥebs, seg imi yufan ɣur-sen tibratin n wegraw imaziɣen.\nAdabu aḥercaw, yesseḥres ɣef yemḍebren n tmurt n fransa akken ad sḥebsen agraw imaziɣen. Imi tamurt n Fransa tettnadi kan leṣlaḥ-ines, daɣen tesɛa tuḥsif leqbayel tekna zdat lebɣi n udabu aḥercaw, teḥbes agraw imaziɣen 1978.\nDda Muḥend Arab yettwaḥbes di 1978, di Fresnes, 6 wagguren. Yeǧǧa tamurt n Fransa srid ɣer tmurt n Sbenyul, syen ɣer tmurt n Legliz\n– heureux martyres qui n’ont rien vu\n– FFS Espoir et trahison\n– L’identité provisoire\n– Critique sur tajarrumt\n– Quelque pages sur notre histoire\n– Essai sur l’onomastique berbér\n– De petites gens pour une garande cause\n– Du réel habillé de fiction (deg-s 3 yeḥricen)\nAtas n tezlatin daɣen i yura ger asent\nkečč d kečč\nnesla i yimaziɣen\nyeffeɣ-d ṣṣut 9 yettru Ǧerǧer\nDeg umagrad-agi ur bɣiɣ ara ad kemleɣ alarma wḍeɣ ɣer tagara n wussan-is, acku riɣ- ad as-anfeɣ akka mazal-it yedder, deg weḍris, am akken yedder deg wulawen d wallaɣen-nneɣ\nad tfakkeɣ s yiwet seg tezlatin-ines iggarzen:\nNewwid tafat s wudem\nNewwi-d tafat s wudem\nA tamurt imaziɣen\nA tamurt-nneɣ ɛzizen\nIgenni-im yecbeḥ zegzaw\nYif alam ugarw\nMi tezreɛ tafukt tewreɣ\nSi mkul lǧiha\nWin d-yewḍen yebnu axxam\nMi d-iṣud waḍu n lejdud\nS lebraq d rrɛud\nYeqleɛ-iten seg ẓewran\nFreḥ admer-nneɣ aṭas\nSi Siwa ar waṭlas\nSeg igawawen ɣer Imuhar\nIlmeẓyen atan begsen\nAm qqaren “A Yemma aqlaɣ “\nAkken nella neqbel lmut\nAd nefraq d ubarani\nA d-nejbed amendil yefren\nAd wehmen medden\nAd nuɣal am zik-nni\nTaɛkem yerfed waṭlas\nYusa-d wass ad yestaɛtu\nYesbedd tiddi-s slewqam\nTura yesɛa axxam\nNeḍmaɛ tekfa ddaɛwessu\nIgennim yecbeḥ zegzaw\nYif alama ugaraw\nMi ara tectiq teɣzert adfel\nKkan ɣef ddunit\nAbeḥri deg-sen d asel\nyoucef achouri on 3 février 2017 17:27\nlimer nufi yal argaz, yal tameṭṭut yesseflen ɣef tmaziɣt, ad yesɛu yiwen « uportri » deg ara d-nales tudert-is d tiggawin-ines, ad as-nernu tugniwin, akken ad yeqqem i umezruy d tsutiwin d-iteddun. ilaq yal yiwen ad yeḥsu d akken teɛnat temsalt, mačči kan d tamaziɣt n uqemmuc.


Q=12	C=9	SS=6	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=27	G1=5	G2=2	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Tterbiya i yettwaɣen s yinebran - La Dépêche de Kabylie\nAccueil Tamazight Tterbiya i yettwaɣen s yinebran\nTterbiya i yettwaɣen s yinebran\nTa d tadyant yeḍran d yiwen n umɣar, isubb-d seg Yiberbacen ɣer temdint n Bgayet ad d-iẓur tarwa-s. Γer luǧuh n 4 tmeddit, yerkeb takerrust ad yuɣal s axxam-is. D ubrid-is, yeḥbes ad d-yaɣ taqerɛet n waman. S lettkal, yeǧǧa amutur iteddu. Anagar yekcem ɣer tḥanut, yesla i umutur izehher, yebren-d, iwala takerrust tetteddu ; daxel-is d taqcict d tilemẓit. Din din isawel i tarwa-s. Dduklen ɣer uxxam n lkumisar, xebbren-ten s tukerḍa n tkerrust lmarka 206 Peugeot, nnila-s d talemlamt, yerna d tilemẓit i tt-yukren. Syin, tawacult n umɣar-a mfaraqen bdan ula d nutni anadi ɣef tkerrust deg tzenqatin n temdint n Bgayet.\nYeɣli-d yi&#7693,; yiwen seg warrac-is baba-tsen ɛewlen ad kecmen s axxam. Mi wwḍen ɣer Lmerj-Waman, mlalen-d takerrust cubhen-tt ɣer wagla-nsen. Qeddmen kra, uɣalen-d ḍefren-tt, ufan d agla-nsen. Sḥebsen-ten. Imakuren deg tkerrust llan deg tlata ; sin warrac d teqcict. Imawlan n tkerrust uzzlen ṭṭfen-d anagar taqcict-nni iḥeslen daxel n tkerrust : tferfec, ur tessaweḍ ara ad tekkes tabagust.\nDeg lǧiha-nniḍen, lwacul-is, deg temdint n Bgayet, ḥebsen-ten ibulisen. Takerrust-nsen, kifkif-itt d tin yettwakren. Ula d nutni ttwamremden. Ababat isawel-d i tarwa-s, yeqqimen di Bgayet, akken ad ten-ixebber belli ufan takerrust. Nutni daɣen xebbren-ten belli atnan ttwaḥebsen deg uxxam n lkumisar ; ttwatehmen s tukerḍa n tkerrust n baba-tsen. Din din, uɣalen-d ɣer Bgayet, ɣer wanda i d-glan s teqcict-nni.\nDeg uxxam n lkumisar, taqcict, tewwet ad tsellek iman-is, tenna i ubulis : « Amɣar-a yebɣa ad yettɛeddi ɣef lḥerma-w ».\nIbulisen, ur tt-uminen ara, acku mačči d tikelt tamezwarut i d-cetkan fell-as. Amek i d-tufa abrid teqcict-a tilemẓit akken ad taweḍ ɣer lecɣal yecban wiyi ? Kulci yeshel. Imawlan-is nebran. Mi teqsed ad texdem kra n yihwah, ad tini i baba-s « Ad ruḥeɣ ad gneɣ deg uxxam n yemma. », ma yella i yemma-s, ad tini « Ad iliɣ ɣer baba. »\nArticle précédent“L’album Baden-Baden est déjà sur les étals”\nArticle suivantLes Algériens fêtent la victoire, en attendant le “sacre final” au Caire


Q=17	C=11	SS=4	LS=0	PS=0	DC=13	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=28	G1=11	G2=2	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Tiqsiḍin n Wedlis Iqedsen Σisa γef wedrar - Site officiel des Témoins de Jéhovah\nTWALAḌ argaz-agi yeqqimen dagi? D Σisa. Atan la yesγaray lγaci γef wedrar n tmurt n Jlili. Wigad-agi yeqqimen γer tama-s d inelmaden-is. Σisa yextaṛ 12 gar-asen iwakken ad uγalen d imceggεen. Imceggεen d inelmaden iwumi yefka Σisa ccγel isεan azal ameqran. Tessneḍ ismawen-nsen?\nYella Semεun, iwumi qqaren daγen Buṭrus, akk-d gma-s Andriyus. Llan diγen sin watmaten nniḍen iţţusemman Yeεqub d Yuḥenna. Sin yemceggεen nniḍen ţţusemman ula d nutni Semεun akk-d Yeεqub. Sin nniḍen sεan isem n Yudas. Yiwen d Yudas n Qeryut, ma d wayeḍ d Yudas iwumi qqaren daγen Taddi. Atnah tura yismawen n ṛebεa yemceggεen ineggura: Filbas, Natanahil (iţţusemman daγen Bartelmay), Matta akk-d Ṭuma.\nMi d-yuγal si tmurt n Cumrun, Σisa yebda yeţberriḥ tikkelt tamezwarut lexbaṛ-agi: ‘Tagelda n igenwan teqreb-ed.’ Teẓriḍ d acu i ţ-ţagelda-yagi? D lḥukuma n ṣṣeḥ n Ṛebbi. Σisa yella d agellid n lḥukuma-yagi. A d-yeḥkem seg igenni yerna a d-yawi lehna γef lqaεa. Ddaw n Tgelda n Ṛebbi, lqaεa meṛṛa aţ-ţuγal d lǧennet.\nDi ţţeswiṛa-yagi, Σisa yesγaray lγaci γef waṭas n leḥwayeǧ yeεnan Tagelda n Ṛebbi. Issefhem-asen: ‘Atah wamek i glaq aţ-ţeţẓallam: A Baba-tneγ yellan deg igenni, isem-ik ad iţwaqeddes, tagelda-k a d-tas, lebγi-k ad iḍru di lqaεa akken yeḍra deg igenni.’ Aṭas n yemdanen i gsemman i tẓallit-agi “Taẓallit n Baba-tneγ”. Yella wass ideg i tesliḍ i tẓallit-agi?\nΣisa imla daγen i lγaci amek i glaq aţ-ţili tikli-nsen γer wiyaḍ. Inna-yasen: ‘Xedmet i wiyaḍ ayen i tebγam a wen-t-xedmen.’ Yeεǧeb-ak lḥal m’ara k-xeddmen lxiṛ wiyaḍ? Σisa yenna-d belli ula d nekni ilaq-aγ ihi a nxeddem lxiṛ i wiyaḍ. Acḥal ara telhu temεict γef lqaεa di lǧennet asm’ara tebεen lγaci ayen akka i d-yenna Σisa!\nMatta ixef wis 5 alamma d wis 7; 10:1-4.\nAkken i teţwaliḍ di ţţeswiṛa, anda i gesγaray Σisa? Anwa-ten wigad-agi yeqqimen γer tama-s?\nIni-d ismawen n 12 n yemceggεen n Σisa.\nAnta-ţ tgelda-yagi iγef yeţberriḥ Σisa?\nΓef wacu yesselmed Σisa ad ẓẓallen lγaci?\nAcu i d-yenna Σisa γef tikli i glaq a nesεu γer wiyaḍ?\nΓer Matta 5:1-12.\nAmek i nezmer a d-nessken belli nesteεṛef d igellilen i nella di leḥwayeǧ n ṛṛuḥ? (Luqa 11:28; Ṛuma 10:13-15; 1 Tim. 4:13, 15, 16)\nΓer Matta 5:21-26.\nAmek i d-issken Matta 5:23, 24 belli lεalaqat i nesεa d watmaten-nneγ zemrent ad ḥazent lεalaqat i nesεa d Yahwa? (Matta 6:14, 15; Ahel. 133:1; Kulus 3:13; 1 Yuḥ. 4:20)\nΓer Matta 6:1-8.\nLḥeqq n tkerkas yesεa aṭas n wudmawen iγef i glaq ad beεden imasiḥiyen. Teẓriḍ anwa-ten? (Luqa 18:11, 12; 1 Kurin. 4:6, 7; 2 Kurin. 9:7)\nΓer Matta 6:25-34.\nAmek i gesselmed Σisa belli ilaq a neţkel γef Yahwa akken ad iqenneε lmeḥwiǧat-nneγ deg wayen yeεnan cci? (Tuf. 16:4; Ahel. 37:25; Filib. 4:6)\nΓer Matta 7:1-11.\nAcu i γ-isselmad lemtel yessewhamen i d-yefka Σisa di Matta 7:5? (Lem. 26:12; Ṛuma 2:1; 14:10; Yeε. 4:11, 12)


Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=2	G0=0	G1=0	G2=0	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Yeffeɣ-d ass n : Asinas, 21 Ctembeṛ 2021 12:41 Ɣran-t : 2 n tikkal\nZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Yebda-d uneɣlaf amenzu, Aimene Benabderrahmane, ass n usinas, asemned n uɣawas n tigawt n unabaḍ i uselkem n wahil n uselway n tegduda, deg Useqqamu n Uɣlan ddaw tselwit n Mass Salah Goudjil, aselway n useqqamu-a.\nAsemned-a d win ara d-yeḍfer uskasi d yimaslaḍen n useqqamu-a yernu ad ikemmel azekka s tgermanin n yiselwayen n tegrawin tiwamniyin.\nAss n ukras, ad d-yerr uneɣlaf amenzu ɣef tuttriwin d tamawin n yimaslaḍen n Useqqamu n Uɣlan.\nAɣawas n tigawt n unabaḍ yesmemmi-t Ugraw Aɣerfan Aɣelnaw s 318 n tuɣac gar 380 ass n ukwas yezrin. Aɣawas-a yebḍa ɣef semmus n yiɣfawen yerzan asdusu n uwanak n usaḍuf d usemmeskel n tenbaḍt, asduqqes d usmuynet adamsan, asnegmu alsan d usdusu n tsertit tanmettit, tasertit tawerdanit d tadinamit yernu d turmid d usdusu n tɣellist d umzaɣ aɣelnaw.\nYemmuqqen unabaḍ, deg temsalt-a, akken ad yesmel tanbaḍt aydeg ara yili wugar n umlazmar d tiffrawent, asefrek d amellil n tedrimt d tsemmeskal deg tewsi, deg umarud, deg tsiḍent, deg wakal d tedwant.\nLast modified on Akras, 22 Ctembeṛ 2021 13:07\nYeffeɣ-d ass n : Asinas, 21 Ctembeṛ 2021 12:41 Taggayt : LEZZAYER Ɣran-t : 2 n tikkal Bḍu


Q=11	C=5	SS=3	LS=3	PS=0	DC=2	LC=0	SD=0	BS=14	G0=69	G1=29	G2=5	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Abrid umezruy > Imyura > Tadbelt Imagraden\nAbrid nuγ yezzi yuli\nDeg-s ahni* deg-s tilelli\nTamaziγt neγ aẓekka\nD wagi i d abrid n trugza\nAhni-nneγ s yes-s ad nessew\nAkal yessan s yeγsan\nD ikesman n imarawen\nI ẓẓuγuren igarfiwen\nAmezruy n tmaziγt yif\nTawsit tarwa tameddurt\nDeg-s ahni deg-s tilelli\nAmek ara nili d aklan\nUr nezmir d imaziγen\nDeg icenga ur ugaden\nTamziγt neγ aẓekka\nakka i d abrid n trugza\ntarwa n tmurt tamaziγt\ntilelli tif tameddurt\nKkret ad nekkret, kkret\nMuḥend (Masin) U Harun\nLambis (Lambès) Meγres 1979\nAhni: idammen s ttergit.\nTamawt: Deg weḍris i d-yeddan di tesγunt” Tiγri” i d-yessufeγ “umazday Tadukli” n tesdawit n Wehran, aseggas 1989; iseg d-yekkes gma-tneγ Yusef Σacuri asefru-ya, yella akka: “Tamziγt nneγ azekka” ilmend n waya, yezmer a γ-d-yefk sin inumak: “ Tamaziγt-nneγ azekka, neγ “Tamaziγt neγ aẓekka”; maca, nekk ferneγ-d anamek wis-sin, imi d netta i iqerben γer takti usefru-ya.\nAnamek amezwaru: Tamaziγt-nneγ (“nneγ” d awṣil n wayla, yemmal-d ayla) “azekka” ( d amernu n wakud)\nAnamek wis-sin: Tamaziγt “neγ” (d tasγunt n tuqqna, tesdukul neγ tzeddi) “aẓekka” ( d isem, iban ccγel-is)\nĞ.B seg Wehran\nMuḥend U Harun\nyedder d ameγnas\nYemmut d ameγras\n11 iseggasen di lḥebs, ur yukir ur yenγi, ddnub-is imi yebγa akken tutlayt-ines ad tili d tunṣibt di tmurt-is, yabγa ad tuγal d timmad n Ledzayer tadzayrit.\nD agujil si baba-s, imi baba-s yeγli deg wegni n yiseγ deg tegrawla n weslelli n tmurt-nneγ n useggas n 1954.\nAmecwar-ines di tγuri:\nYebda-tt asmi yesεa 11 iseggasen deg yiwen uγerbaz n iγallen n Yefransisen, imi di tallit-nni mazal ur tewwi ara tmurt-nneγ azarug-ines.\nMuḥend U Harun si temẓi-ines i d-iban d uḥric, d uḥdiq. D win yesεan tigzi d tebγest.\nAnekcum-ines γer tesdawit n Dzayer d ayen i t-yeğğan ad yemlil d kra n imeddukal ukud ara yecrek amennuγ γef tmaziγt. D netta i yellan d aqerru n weγmis „Iṭij“ akk d tesγunt „Atmaten“, am wakken daγen i d-yessuqel γer tmaziγt kra n tṣurtin n Weqran. D netta daγen i yellan d aqerru n O.F.B ( organisation des forces Berbers/\nTuddsa n iγallen Imaziγen), yettwassnen s „les poseurs des bombes“. Yettwaṭṭef γer lḥebs ass n 05 di Yennayer 1976, imi yella itett imensi deg uγaram asdawan γef 20 (t) n yiḍ. Asmi iεedda di Ccreε, ḥekmen fell-as s lmut, netta d kra n imddukal-is yecban Leḥsen Beḥbuḥ, Muḥ Smaεil Meğber, Ḥusin cerradi, Lwennas Qasi.\nTuffγa-ines si lḥebs tella-d imi ṭṭuqqtent ccikayat, d ayen i yeğğan yemma-s n Meğber ad truḥ s timmad-is γer Genève, ad temlil d umaray amatu n yeγlanen yedduklen (O.N.U ), akken a ten-tessileγ γef waddad ideg ttidiren imeḥbas-agi; dγa d ayen i iḥettmen adabu akken a ten-id-yessufeγ si lḥebs ass n 05 di Yennayer 1987. Imi d-yuγal γer taddart ideg d-ilul, yuγal γer leqdic-ines γef tmaziγt, ama s tira neγ s isaragen...\nAlammi yewweḍ s anda ara naweḍ, s yiwen waṭṭan i d-yewwi si lḥebs, i yeglan s yes-s ass n 22 di Mayyu 1996.\nKra n izemzan imazrayen di tudert-is\n-13/04/ 1949: d talalit-ines.\n-1960: d anekcum-ines γer uγerbaz.\n-1963: anekcum-ines γer uγerbaz n warraw n imeγrasen (ccuhada) di Lεelma (ṣṭif ).\n-1967: d anekcum-ines γer „C N T“ n Sidi Εic.\n-1970/1971 : d ccix di tesnawit n Dellys (maître d’internat).\n-05/01/1976 : Yettwaṭṭef sγur yemsulta.\n-13/05/1976 : iεedda di ccreγ, ḥekmen fell-as s tmettant.\n-05/07/1987 : yeffeγ-d si lḥebs.\n-Mayyu 1988: yessufeγ-d tajerrumt n tmaziγt.\n-22/05/1996 : yeğğa-yaγ i lebda.\n“Amezruy n tmaziγt yif\nKkret, ad nekkret, kkret\nSγur: Yusef Σacuri seg Wehran.\nTamawt: A yi-yessuref gma-tneγ Yusef, imi s-bedleγ kra n wawalen; di tedmi-w d awenneε i ten-wennεeγ.\nttir areqman - Tinin-is...\nTanemmirt tameqqrant imi d-temmeslayeḍ γef Masin Uhaṛun;akkenmedden ur tsehhun ara axaṭeṛ d yiwen wemdan yefkan tudert-is itmeslayt-is mebla ma yessuter kra neγ kra.\nMebla ma nettu widan t-irran d amexlul imi yenna-d ayen ixulfen tikta nnsen , ass-agi nettwali deg-sen ad d-ttmeslayen fella-s am wakken d tidett iγaḍ-iten!!Bḥal imeṭṭawen ukṛukudil!!!\nḌlan lεaṛ i wudmawen nnsen , ur ttsetḥin ur ttnefḍaḥen!\nẒẓel di lehna a Masin !!!\nYir Argaz - Tinin-is...\nAd zwireɣ di tẓallit i Harun fell-as taẓallit d wazul ( ccah yehwa-yi!!) Yak yenna-d weqran “ li kulli ummatin rrasula”: yal aɣlan s umazan(nnbi)-ines ( Nekk, d Harun, dda Muḥend Aɛrab, dda Lmulud, Muḥya, d Lwennas Maṭub” d wigi merra i d imazanen s wayes ttamneɣ!!.\nI dda Yusef ( Ssi Fenyan)\nTenniḍ yiwwas “ A tiziri: Ur ttḍeggir ara isennanen deffir-m, ma ulac a d-isuḍ waḍu, a m-ten-id-yessu deg webrid-im”!! I yisennanen-nni i tḍeggreḍ deffir-k, aql-ik-id tufiḍ-ten-id zdat-k!! Aql-i zdat-k tura, amek ara k-geɣ a dda Yusef?! Ha….!Ha….! Ha…! Amek i la ttezzi ddunit!!! Telliḍ gar wid yugin a d-rsen yeḍrisen-iw di tjernant-nwen, acku diri-ten!! Taggara tufiḍ-iyi-d da!!! Ha….!Ha….! Ha…! Amek ara k-geɣ tura?! D acu ara k-iniɣ a dda Yusef ( twalaḍ akken i k-qqareɣ “dda”!) Maca, ur ttagad! Nekk tulet-inu leggaɣet am leḥrir, d taleqqaqt am tfarmajt;ala leḥnana d ḍḍrafa ara d-tafeḍ deg-i a dda Yusef! Skud tkecmeḍ-d ɣer wesmel “Imyura nat Wemsed” aql-k di laman “ Fa men daxala ddar Ibnu Amsed fa hewwa amen”!! Tikkelt-nniḍen a d-awiɣ awal ɣef tira-k akk d yeḍrisen-inek a dda Yusef; qbel a k-ǧǧeɣ, a k-n-ssegriɣ kan awalen-a: Ssarameɣ-ak tujjya s tɣawla, aql-i yid-k di tegnit-agi n cedda. Anagar lxir ara tafeḍ a dda Yusef!\nLu grun (le grand) pewwiṭ - Tinin-is...\nI Ṭṭir areqman\nAnda telliḍ seg wacḥal-aya a Ṭṭir arqman?! Cukkeɣ-k kečč d amergu, di ccetwa kan i d-tettaseḍ ɣer dagi! Acḥal i ibedlen dagi, seg wasmi truḥeḍ ar ass-a! Tura sɛiɣ tameddakelt.. amek ? Ur tefhimeḍ ara?! A k-tt-in-iniɣ s tefransist “ Ji un (une) ptit ami” a mačči d “tameddakelt tamecṭuḥt”! akka i s-qqaren i tmeddakelt n tayri” s tmajirt n Paɣi. Aww! Tebbuciḍ kumplatmun, keččini!! Lḥaṣun fiḥel tuzzya d tunnḍa; ɣer asefru-ya, ad tfehmeḍ:\nA Ṭṭir areqman, ay uḥdiq\nA k-iniɣ awal-agi:\nAtaya wul-iw d uḥriq\nƔef Yir nettat-nni\nƔurk a tt-tlaɛiḍ s wawal uqbiḥ\nAxaṭer d “ ma ptit ami”\nMa ulac a k-rẓeɣ deg ubuqbiḥ (« adrar ufud » i wumi qqaren abuqbiḥ)\nƐin nneɛǧa ur k-tettdawi\nƔas ad teččeḍ taqfact n cciḥ\nUr k-id-ineffeƐ ccix lmefti\nA k-d-yegri ala ttesbiḥ\nD tusut akk d nnhati”\nAd ak-fkeɣ i Muḥ u Muḥ\nA k-yečč d “puli ruṭi”\n(I tura tfehmeḍ neɣ mazal?!) ( Ɣas uɣal ɣer “kabyle.com” dinna a xir-ak!!)\nMuḥ n Muḥ - Tinin-is...\nAqcic-agikan walaɣ-t asmi n-usiɣ ɣer Wehran; d dda Ɛebḍella i yi-iceggɛen ɣer ɣur-s, ufiɣ-t-in di “kerwaṣun ruj Aljiriyan, i d-yezgan di Frundmmir, yuɣ lḥal imiren d sidna Rramaḍan lmuɛeḍḍem; dɣa ččiɣ-n ɣer ɣur-s yiwet n tqesɛunt n leḥrira-nni n Tawehranit, llahllah! Rniɣ-n yiwen uqedduḥ uzitun d yiwen uberquq akk d lepla n tmeyyayin, taggara yefka-yi-d taqerɛunt n lgazuz-nni n sided Qada n Mɛeṣker; tebra ar ččiɣ-n alammi sṭeẓṭuẓeɣ!!!\nKunṭaɣ asmi ɛelmeɣ s wigikan sɣur-neɣ si Tizi-Uzezzu: “ Yusef, Nadya, dda Ɛebḍella” ɣriɣ aya deg ujernan “ la debbic d kabili”; dɣa ferḥeɣ aṭas, axaṭer tečča-yaɣ terbaɛt-agikana n Lberǧ, Wehran akk bbiwn-tt! Yerna mačči d leqbayel n tidet I llan, “si dif fu” ( ur ṣeḥḥan ara, mačči d imeslab) kabil!! Ula dagikana deg lsit-agikana n yemyura, ala wid nneɣ I yella dagikana (ssurfet-iyi ad cummeɣ): “War iclem*” sɣur-neɣ si Meɛquda, “Aɛemmur n rrfis*” sɣur-neɣ si Lmeqla, akk si lagrand kabyli a memmi; ala “yir nečča-t” i si Lberǧ!\nA ziɣ iɣezza dda Essaid Ait Mɛemmer, a wagikana sɣur-neɣ si Bni Wasif ( 15 T.Z) imi d-yebder kan Bgayet, Tizi-Uzezzu d Tubwiret, ur d-yebdir ara Lberǧ, Ṣṭif akka d Bumerdas. Axaṭer wagikana mačči d leqbayel n tidet, a memmi!! Ččuɣ (yettu) dɣa Tamjirt-nni akk d Tanca Tiyeyyi” tigikana daɣen čɣur-neɣ (sɣur-sen)!!\nWiccen (wissen) mmi-c n Wemeced-agikana anci-t( ansi-t)?!\nViv tamajirt lung ufiṣyal, yec-neɣ (yes-neɣ) ara tbedd\nMuḥ n Muḥ ( ci (si) cemma imi-s ifuḥ)\nTamawat : Ayen yellan gar tuccar d aqeddac n yemyura i t-yernan. Atnad yesmawen i d-yeqsed: War iclem=War isem, Aɛemmur n rrfis= Ɛemmur Rkis, Tamajirt=Tamaziɣt, Tanca Tiyeyyi=Tansa/Tilelli, Yir nečča-t=Yir nettat..\nAqedduḥ ( yerwi-yaɣ bu uɛebbuḍ-agikan, almi d-ḍḥiɣ am netta) riɣ a d-iniɣ “ Aqeddac n yemyura.\nWar isem - Tinin-is...\nAy amcum n yemcumen,\nmačči d aεzal i rriγ a d-εezleγ ayla-w γef yiman-iw ( twalaḍ widak yessnen taqbayli a mimmi ), maca, nekk ur umineγ ara s " d teqsim el idari", tagi yiwet ( γur-k ad tγilleḍ annect-a d " d tezyin lmuḥiṭ").\nTis snat, asmi ar a teqneḍ taxatemt i YIR NETTAT, yiwen udaḍ kan i iwulmen i wayagi, mačči d iduḍan ufus akken ma llan i wumi ar a teqneḍ tixutam.\nTaxatemt mačči d ameqyas.\nAsefru daγen yesεa tilas.\nḤemmleγ aṭas terẓeg-ik taziḍant.\nA mmi-s n Wemsed ; ur lliγ d amergu ur lliγ n Kabyle.com neγ n wiyaḍ.Beqquγ ad d-fkeγ tikta-w deg wesmel maâna nettugad "les gardiens du temple" ad d-γlin fell-i amzun ukreγ lemqam.\nDdeqs n temsal i bγiγ ad tent-id-nniγ , ad d-yaweḍ wass nnsent.\nWanag laâmeṛ ğğiγ asmel , giγ-t deg "Mes favoris" yal ass rezzuγ fell-as xersum ad waliγ anda tessawḍeḍ deg "listwaṛ damur" akk d Yir Nettat.\nAqli uγaleγ-d ma yehwa-ak!\nBu ccfaya - Tinin-is...\nS tidet kan, gma-tneγ Yusef Σacuri, ass-a d yiwet tgejdit iγef ters tidduykla Numidya n Wehran; u d yiwen seg wid i d-trebba, i twelleh, i tesselmed tamaziγt... nniγ-d aya akken a sen-rreγ i wid d-yeqqaren " txeddmem afulklur"! Wama ma bedreγ-d akk ayen iga d wayen yura Yusef, ur d-tettqam ara teḍwiqt-agi ideg nettaru. Afud anezmar, tujjya s tγawla a gma-tneγ Yusef\nI ṭṭir(mačči "ttir": tiyiti!) areqman εiq! Σiq!!! Anṣuf yes-k!\nBu ccfaya ( mačči d mmi-s n Wemceḍ) seg Wehran\nNekk d mmi-s n Wemceḍ, axaṭer mecḍeɣ-as i weltma-k asmi tt-ttawiɣ ad tḥewwes, yelha waya a bu wurḍan?! Bɣiɣ a d-iniɣ a Bu ccfaya\nLalla mergaza - Tinin-is...\nAzul a Ṭṭir areqman, ay acebḥan; teḥrem remṭan (remḍan)-iw ar tbaneḍ-iyi-d “jjanṭi” tikkelt-agi. Atan a k-weṣṣiɣ: ɣurk ansi tettruḥuḍ ɣer tmurt n leqbayel ussan-a, ma ulac atan a k-ččen, wid-nni d lqum ur nezgil ula d ɛeẓẓi! Maca, ma tkecmeḍ-d ussan-a ad tesɛuḍ cwiṭ azal ɣer “liyi Fi Fi s” akk d “la yeṛ si di” Waḥḥḥhḥq Rebbu ar d tidet i k-nniɣ ahhhh!!! Ussan-a d lbuṭ a lbiṭ!! ḥwaǧen leqbayel i wass n 29 wamber 2007 ; ladɣa yehwa-yasen kan, ad nnaɣen kan ɣef rebɛa tkursitin-nni yellan di tmurt n leqbayel, wama anda-nniḍen ad awin ccɛer n !!!! ( ur ttagad! Ur d-qqareɣ ara lɛib, a winnat, bɣiɣ a d-iniɣ “ccɛer uḥuli”) Yiwen yeqqar-ak” Jiti ṭrumpi du ṣṣusyiti”, mazal-it yeṭṭrumpi ar ass-a!!! Wayeḍ yeqqar-ak “ bɣan a ɣ-ǧǧen kan di tmurt n leqbayel, meḥsub ad yawi tikersitin anda-nniḍen!! Si karunt nnaf (49) i tekksen waɛraben si “OS” mazal-it yeḍmeɛ ar ass-a!!! A tagi tban ula i uderɣal a winnat! A jjmiɛ liman fi jjmiɛ liman, ar ɣas rrudubliɣ di “nnaziɛati ɣerqɣen” ar fehmeɣ-tt, akken i tt-yenna akken Ubella ( Benbella) “ ala Meẓyan d Meqqran ur nḥekkem”!! Ma d zizi Muḥ Zigẓag mazal-it yeḍmeɛ ad yawi leḥkem?! Ilindi-nni sɛeddan-t-id di biyirtiviḍ (brtv) awal amenzu yenna-t-id s taɛrabt, yeqqar-ak “ akken ad fehmen akk Yezzzzzzzzzdayriyen ( anwi aɛrab neɣ taɛrabt--wa lalla yemma wwah, wwah ɣef lbagaǧ-nsent--?!!) ara iferrǧen biyirtiviḍ?! Nekk wa ḥḥḥḥḥḥq rebbu ar kerheɣ kullec! Ula d tamziɣt-nni s wayes nedder, ideg neṭṭef deg usirem ɣef ddra-s, uɣaleɣ kerheɣ-tt; anda ara sleɣ “TAMAJJJJJJIRT, LU BBIƔ LBIƔ (tettban-iyi-d am tinna akken “llabbayka llahu u ma labbayk”)! Ḥemmleɣ kan ad aruɣ, ad mmeslayeɣ s teqbaylit, daya kan; rǧu!.. ḥemmleɣ daɣen tidmarin n Yir nettat ( kra n wass a yi-d-tini “ Yenɛel ddin n yemma-k a rrxis”!!)\nA nekk d Akerdi, ssneɣ kan taqbaylit\nLalla mergaza neɣ “L um bulitik”\nMmi-s n Wefsed - Tinin-is...\nI Bu ccfaya\nUɣaleɣ-d a k-d-iniɣ “weltma-k-nni tameqqrant” axaṭer kukraɣ ad tenɣeḍ weltama-k-nni tamecṭuḥt, tacebḥant-nni m tedmarin-nni i yettcabin ɣer tedmarin n Yir nettat ( wa lalla yemma wwah, wwah! wa lalla yemma wwah, wwah! Tebra ar d-ffiɣ seg-sent(tidmarin) azangil-nni ameqqaran n ccrab!!!\nIhi a Bu ccfaya a gma ( “a xuya” i t-qqaren leqbayel-nni n imeqqranen) ma tebɣiḍ ad tenɣeḍ weltma-k-nni tameqqrant-nni m lḥijab, ɣas neɣ-itt ɣef yiman-ik, meqqar ad yenqes yiwen seg-sen\nI Yir nettat\n“ Deg wezniq mi ara leḥḥuɣ\nTullas la ttmuquleɣ-tent\nMačči d abeddel ay beddleɣ\nD udem-im la ttnadiɣ ɣur-sent » i yenna Lewnis ( ɣas yewwet afus i bu tfelliqin)\nMmi-s n Wefsed\nRrivuliṣyunir - Tinin-is...\nD lewhayem! Ayen iḍerrun ussan-agi d Ikerdiyen msakit, d ayen ur iqebbel leɛqel! D tamḥeqranit ɛinani. Yekkat deg sen “umattak”-nni n Ṭṭerk, d leǧans n ddunit merra ttwalin; yiwen ur t-id-yuli wawal, ay amermur n tebḥirin ma d tagi ay d talsa!!! Ula d atmaten-nsen (Ikerdiyen n Lɣiraq mačči Lɛiraq) Mesɛud Lbaraẓani d Ǧalal Ṭṭalabani (cban Seɛdi d Lḥusin) fkan afus, ugaden, ssusmen!! Ula d Buc-nni i ttɛudduɣ akken d tidet d abbu… a ziɣen d ajeḥ…. Kan deg-s! i m imeṣṣḍen-nni n Kundulissa Rayeṣ, truḥ ɣer Ṭṭerk s tserwalt, teṣter teffer imeṣṣḍen-is, tugad ad teqq….. dinna!! Jjmiɛ liman ar lemmer a tt-ṭṭfeɣ ar d as-ɛelleɣ lɛib ansi ur ilaq ( seg umeẓẓuɣ)!\nYegra-yi-d kan ad ssirmeɣ aya:\nAsmi ara mmteɣ a yi-meṭlen deg tiɣilt, akken ad ssumreɣ tafukt ɣef yiman-iw, a d-ɛellqen sennig uqerruy-iw takiluṭ ( ad tili ur tirad ara) n nanna Layla Ẓana akk d tsutyanin ( daɣen ur iradent ara) n Yit netta; a yi-d-rnun taplakt yura deg-s waya : “ Dagi i yeẓẓel “ ssalupri-nni”, akken win ara yeɣren taplakt-nni, ad yernu ad yeggerddeb i tkiluṭ akk d tsutyanin-nni!\nZik qqaren “ Lɣali yeṭleb rrxiṣ”, tura nekk a tt-rreɣ “rrxiṣ” yessutur ayen ɣlayen”!\nayirat - Tinin-is...\nAzul a Rrivuliṣyunir, d tikkelt tamezwarut i γriγ aḍris s teqbaylit γef tsertit tagraγlant, d ayen igerzen aṭas.\nBuberrak - Tinin-is...\nAzul fell-awwwwwwwen !!!!!!\nHhahhah !.... Hhahhah !.... Hhahhah !.... Hhahhah !.... Hhahhah !!!...\nNekkini d Buberrak, ad bduɣ deg-wen aɛrak. Hhahhah !.... Hhahhah !!!...\nKečč a dda Yusef\nS ccrab a k-neccucef\nMa tettaɣeḍ awal n bu tɣennant\nAtan a k-yesseḥnunef\nI yir abrid a k-yessetlef\nUmeddakel-inek bu tjernant\nHhahhah !.... Hhahhah !!!...\nKemmini a Yir nettat\nAd tectiqeḍ tafat\nMa ur teqbileḍ Yir argaz\nẒẓher-inem ad ifat\nAd terwuḍ lmertat\nA d-yesteqsi fell-as ɛawaz\nAnuɣmun ma iḥemmel-ikem a m yebru\nMa ulac fell-am ad yettru\nAd yettwaddez deg umahraz\nKemmini a kem-yewwet umiṭru\nAd teẓẓleḍ am usaru\nƐeẓrayen a m-d-yeṭṭef aɛekkaz\nKeččini War isem\nAy izem n plaṣ d arem\nMa a ɣ-d-tgerrzeḍ lmelḥama\nS usefru err-d asirem\nMa ulac a k-yekker lhemm\nAd tectiqeḍ cemma\nMmi-s n Wemsed:\nA Warisem-iw, kkes-iyi lxiq a win ḥemmleγ, kkes-iyi urfan!\nA Warisem-iw, ḥala kečč i sen-izemren mi d-steqsan.\nΓur-i twalaḍ, γas akka beεdeγ γef allen.\nΓur-i tḥulfaḍ, ul-ik seg wid yekkaten.\nγas εecqen deg-k akk, kečč mačči aṭas ideg tεecqeḍ\nzhiγ, ferḥeγ imi yelliγ seg wid tḥemmleḍ.\nAy igenni azen-as itri i usirem ad tyer ur yusim!\nErr-as-d i targit tiγri,! Tatut s ul u d-tekcim.\nA lalla Miri n Lpari, ssehrew ttxil-m irebbi-m!\nUqem deg-m amḍiq i tayri, err Aṭlas seg warraw-im!\nTtxil-m err-it seg warraw-im, WAṬLAS MMI-S N WEMSED!\nA YIR NETTAT semḥiḥed ul-im, terriḍ-aγ argaz yesseḍ!\nA Faffa ad am-icebbeḥ udem-im, aqerru-m yes-s ad trefdeḍ.\nDacu kan qareε yessi-m, ma ulac ad am-tent-yessefsed!\nMi ṭṭseγ leεca ur gaγ zzit, ur gaγ leεqel-iw yehmel.\nUkiγ-d teṭṭef-iyi tergigit, sliγ i wul yessawel.\nTargit-a leεqel-iw tezzi-t, d zzit n tmurt n Leqbayel.\nA wi yeqlen d tilemẓit, ad terreγ d ciγi ad iyi-ḥemmel!\nΓur-m azref ad tessirmeḍ, a MADAM allen-im ṣeḥḥant.\nLamaεna awer d-am taweḍ, jqerruγ-kem a tafuḥant!\nA Mun Ciγi anta i tḥemmleḍ, A ziγ tiqjatin yakk rḥant?\nAy Anuγmun ruḥ ad tzemreḍ, allen-iw s yes-k seḍḥant.\nle Catalan - Tinin-is...\ntajmilt i da muḥend Uharun maci kan d ttira γef ayen yura\nnaγ γef ayen yexdem, maεna d anebder ines yal lawan, imi\nnekni netettu atas maci d kra.\nttidett; ma ilaq lmuḥal ad atnexdem iwaken ad ittunebder w argaz agi, ilaq at nexdem. tanmirt\nMassin Hakim At Mna - Tinin-is...\nD Aεraben ur tebγim ara\nD Irumyen ur ken-bγin ara\nD Leqbayel ur tezmirem ara


Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=7	G1=5	G2=4	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=PR2, aṛubut yessiriden iceṭṭiḍen ! – Tala n tussna\nTasga n usmel/Tasnatwilt/PR2, aṛubut yessiriden iceṭṭiḍen !\nImussanen n tesdawit n Berkeley d-yezgan di Marikan, snulfan-d yiwen uṛubut i izemren ad d-yefk afus n tallelt i yimdanen deg ccɣel-nnsen n yal ass. Ɣer PR2, aṛubut d-yettbabnen deg tvidyut-agi, tarda d ufḍas n yiselsa amzun d urar.\nMa day yella tarda n yiceṭṭiḍen d ayen yessenṭeǧǧayen nezzeh, d acu ara d-nini deg usnulfu n uṛubut afulman (i iteddun i yiman-is) ? Iban akka, d taluft ur neshil ara. Wid akk i iɛerḍen ad ssiwḍen asenfar agi mmuggren-d ayen-din d tiseɣlit, imi ttawilat n uɛqal d usenwiwel ur ssawḍen ara ɣer uswir iwatan ladɣa zdat n uɛqal n n taffa n yicettiḍen yemnennin, yersen wa ɣef wa.\nCcwi, wwḍen-d imussanen n tesdawit n Berkeley di Californie. Nutni zegren tilas-a imi aṛubut-nnsen, PR2, yezmer ad yeɛqel u ad yefreq gar yiselsa, a ten-iḍebbeq akken iwata u ad iger, i yiman-is, tamacint n tarda n yiceṭṭiḍen. Aya akkit, melba ma yella kra n wahil a t-iseddun.\nNṭeǧǧ : incommoderAfulman : autonomeTiseɣlit : obstacleTaffa : pile\nDahmane Mazed : "Armud-agi i ggareɣ, nwiɣ-t d tiririt i ‘Tabṛat i Muḥend Azwaw’…"


Q=2	C=0	SS=0	LS=2	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=33	G1=12	G2=6	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Ini llan ur llin, ggudin maca ttusdersen, amm waman n lmarur ! eg ammi i trid ten ed tamz�d cceden ak ger ifassen zund igidu! Teddert ammas nnsen, ku yass, ku tassa�t. ccaren ak d twirga, s yissen a s da tssilyt ar tzugguzed unfus. Lh�lt nnsen da tessla iz�ran, tarw ak ed imuxyad d unezmum. Tamara nnsen ur tli tikwla, ar ek tberrey. GHas add yali yan ifilu n usidd, kejmen aghwlaf nnsen, ttemren digs amm uselghigh, negh uckan dat wallen nnek, amm irugga, amm twargit igufen, Iwa rwel am�z ten ed, mzalla�n s �enwa zund tiwili yesduy wuccen. Tafed ighef nnek ghas key, ammas n ukabar war isem, ur ilin taghzi ula tirut, ammas n imdanen war iz�ran, mi teccar�d tudert, mi teccared aslix.\nTughaled ghursen, wan yan umud�n, wan yan uldgig inett�n, tgid aberrani amm tudert nnsen, axlawiy amm wafa n R�bbi kkasen ed wayd wamek, milli z�r sen s ttawil! sawl asen xef tmara nnsen, xef wukkuf nnsen, ar z�rk sxuzzuren. Ayenna trid teqqised asent, yuf ghursen is iwghen i yneqqiben n wafa izelfen ula yak sellan ; Huz iwaliwen nnek ad asen kejmen anelli, ad ak ed inin, tuf asen lmut g unezmum d tixat. han ad asen tsiwled xef umezruy; hat ir�zag asen g imawen, ammi da teccancafed a�ttib aqbur, yagin ad ijjey , d inemruruyen ur ittesmuren.\nSiwel asen xef tghawsiwin trid. maca ekk asen tt�rf nitni ! haten ar ak ferrun, ar ssefrun, awin awal, awin ed awal, tighild id nniyt, tighild is ka ur ten yagh, telha ghursen tudert, d iberri�n ixataren ! ighilen is da ddern tudert nnsen, zzigh da ti medd�ln ! adday tmmectegd a ed tasid awal izan iz�man, waxxa iga ghas awal, mmesxuzzuren gerasen, grin dik yan ura�a isd�ren aman g ifadden, bbin lh�st , mra�an, ssilin dik allen sugzen tent inin ak : fkagh s ttisa� dat agh, ddu ad ad tseksud ma ghef tekkated aqellal nnagh nnek! Taf�d digh ixf nnek ghas key, iwa haggwem mantur ikkat unz�r, ad iffegh waggu geratun .\nAmata degsen h�tigh t, llan winna yallan xef tudert nnsen ar � kkaten herribu � ; llan winna an winna ittelqqafen iman wahli aya. llan winna yesm�icen amm lm�arif qqimin g tama n umezruy, llan ayt bbux d ayt uxlul, llan winna en tuwd tmara ighsan gen tigelliwin, mi yttuyakkas wuddur d zzaxt, llan winna yb�rrmen ar ted�n ixfawen nnesn, sddullun tarwa nnsen, llan winna ysawalen amm ddendum ar ceghlacan awin ak ed iriran, Ilan winna yessenfayen s yan uz�nzar igezzulen mec t sagzen iffegh ed ixf amejjud is t hezzan fghen ed id�ren, llan winna mi yucka negh yemmunedyils ar shurran s ka n wawal ifemzen issenganixfawen, llan winna yttecfan digh g buccid�n iddegh akufen g iz�ran, llan digh winna yak ittinin gan imusnawen negh Imeksawen ih�dan tiwili ur igin tinsen ar sgidiyen aggu amm icehlafen, Ilan Winna yegran tarwa nnsen s ammas n ubedduz n terfa. Ilan winna yerrzan g tmizar nnsen rewlen i tmeqqa aghen en amda...\nIlan digh, maca ur �tin winna yessidiren asirem, amz�n s twirga wargen, ar tteqlen mantur itteffegh waggu tizi ad ddun, winna ghur tuf Imut tudert n ddaw ufus, winna Ygennun icerrigen nnsen, ar jujjuyen itersan nnsen. winna ghur t�hla tarwa nnesn, winna yetnadan asafar i y�edban nnsen, winna mi qqeflallin yiman nnesn, winna mi suddumen s idammen wulawen nnesn. winna mi yucka unuddem g wussan nnesn, winna mi yga wawal d idles tawuri nnsen, winna yettinin mayd ukzen, winna yumz�n s iz�ran nnsen. winna yetnaghan d watt�n ixwlan tisutiwin g warraw nnsen, winna tesmmuri ddelt yaghen akal nnsen, winna yetteddun s y�d ddun s wazal ddun g unz�r d ideflawen af ad ed raren aman s asif nnsen...\nIwa may ttukzem g umesnay-a ! ghas s ttawil han ka yettawin azzaz, azzaz s awal negh tala ! abrid nna tram tekkim t, ku tixsi tugel s adar nnes. awd tawda hat tum�z s bab nnes ! ayddegh ay ed illan, iwa mnuyat udmawen nnun iferghen amm ighenjiwen ! mmumyat negh teb�ezqem ! kkesat taghamut negh ad awen gin lemdawid gren awen tibardiwin, awin kwen s amzil ad awen iheyya tisila ! kkesat aghewrc illan dat wawal ! uduyat xla g �d � iwa hatin �, � awddi hat ghas � , � iwa dghi. �, mec ur tessinem ad awen t inigh : han ddelt nnewn tesgutt�.


Q=7	C=4	SS=1	LS=2	PS=2	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=4	G0=169	G1=133	G2=58	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Taghmist n Tiddukla - Utt'un 6\n(ddur't n 5 gher 11 Yulyu 2003)\nAss-a yughal qrib d lmuh'al ad naf Amazigh ur nefki ara kra si ter'wih't-is, seg weksum-is seg wayen yesâa i lmend n tmazight, akken ad d-tidir ... llan ula d wid-n yefkan ah'ric meqqren seg tudet-nsen, llan ula d wid-n yefkan fell-as idammen d wid-n yefkan fell-as tudert-nsen. D anect-a ay d-yessebganen d akken tutlayt-a d yedlse-ines d ayen yellan ghlayen ghur-negh. Tamazight h'emmlen-tt wulawen-nnegh, ttergignt fell-as taswin, yernu llan at'as deg-negh ara yefken fell-as akk ayen sâan akken ad terbeh'. D acu kan, deg wayen yerzan asseqdec-ines deg wennar, tidet ad tt-id-nini kan, ur nexdim ara lh'adja tameqqrant. Akken i s-yenna yiwen, xas nessawed' ad nefk fell-as ler'wah', llan at'as deg-negh ayen i tt-yerran di rrif, amzun di maci fell-as ay ttcan tiyita negh maci fell-as ay sr'uh'en atmaten-nsen. Ass-a, ad ken-id-nesteqsi kan s yiwen westeqsi, ad awen-nini : yella wi izemren ad isemmeh' deg wayen yettwaxedmen si 1949 ar ass-a ? Yella wi izemren ad isemmeh' deg ay! e n yettwaxedmen si 80 ar ass-a ? Yella wi izemren ad isemmeh', ad yenker' negh ad yettu igerdan-nni yefkan ASEGGAS si leâmer'-nsen ghef tutlayt-nnegh ger n 94 d 95 ? Yella win izemren ad yenker' ayen i ghef mmuten warrac d tullas-nnegh, irgazen d tilawin-nnegh, imgharen d temgharin-nnegh deg Tefsut Taberkant d wayen akk ay d-id'efren ? Ur ilaq ad nilit seg wid itettun, wala seg wid inekkr'en lxir. Ur ilaq ad nilit seg wid yettxemmimen kan ghef yiman-nsen, wanag ilaq ad nessittâet ulawen-nnegh u ad nh'ulfu i lqerh' n wigad yemmuten d ldjerh' n wigad yettewten, u mazal-iten ttrun ar ass-a. D acu-tt tutlayt-agi tamaynut ay d agh-d-ikecmen ? Seg wansi ay d-tekka yernu deg wacu ay tif tamazight ? Yella kra n lxir i gh-tettalas alammi ara tt-nerr d nettat ay d tutlayt i yes nettmeslay ss'beh', tameddit ? negh bitt, fell-as ay mmuten negh ttewten watmaten d teysetmatin-nnegh ? Mmektit-d mlih' ayen iâeddan, tmeyyzem ghef wamek llant lumur' ass-a ... ma llan wid izemren ad semmh'en deg! wayen iâeddan, akken ad fken cciâa i wayen ur tt-nuklal ... nekni ad awen-nin "Ulac ssmah', ulac".\nAzul fell-awen akken ma tellam s weqcic s teqcict, s wergaz s tmett'ut. Di tazwara, ad awen-d-inigh tanemmirt [d] tameqrant i terbaât n tiddukla tadelsant Imedyazen i iqeddcen ghef temsalt n tmazight i yeânan Tafriqt Ugafa d wegdud-is, maca llan at'as n wawalen i tesseqdacem s taâr'abt, llan di tentalyin timazighin nnid'en, amedya(lekdeb=tikerkas) di tcawit (mazal=werâd) di tcawit d temzabit, yehdar=yutlay di tcawit, dgha anect-agi yeqqar-d d akken tamazight maci d taqbaylit kan. Ssaramegh ad iligh d ameltagh di tiddukla-yagi,acku akken ma nella nessaram ad d-tufrar tutlayt-nnegh, ad tt-id-nezdi, ad tughal am tutlayin n umad'al s umata. Tanemmirt d tamuqrant sgher umatwen Youba Acawi seg Wawras.\n... Maci seg wass ar azekka (jour au lendemain) ay nezmer ad nughal ad nesseqdac tamazight "tazedgant 100%", imi at'as n medden ur tt-nessin ara ass-a, at'as n medden ur nfehhem ara awalen-agi. Ghef waya, nekni nesmenyaf (nextar) ad ten-id-nessekcam cwit', cwit' deg yed'risen-nnegh yernu ilaq ad asen-nefk i medden at'as n ttawilat i yes ara lemden digh nitni i yiman-nsen awalen-agi, ayen d-qesdegh netta d imawalen n tmazight tatrart. D tidet, maci ala kan d taqbaylit ay d tamazight, d acu kan a gma, nekni d tagi kan ay nessen. Nebgha lemmer ad nwali Imazighen nnid'en a d-ttarun ula d nitni "iqent'aren" n yed'risen (textes) s tentalyin-nsen, dgha yal yiwen deg-negh ad yesâu d acu ara igher s wawal n wiyad' yernu ad yelmed awal-nsen, nebgha ad d-yawed' wakud (lweqt) i deg ara tebdu tmazight teddukul, ad d-tbanent deg-s talghiwin (formes) yedduklen, ad d-tbanen deg-s wawalen ara icerken Imazighen merr'a, d acu kan, anect-a werâad d-yebdi negh xas ma yebda-d, mazal ghezzif ! w ebrid akken ad nawed' s ayen nessaram ...\nSingapur : at'as n tutlayin, at'as n yegduden\nSghur n Amy J. Moyer\n[Aqeddem : Singapur, ay yellan d tamurt tamect'uh't ay d-yuzgan di Asya n wenz'ul agmud'an (sud-est), d tamurt i deg ttidiren wat'as n yegduden, u ttmeslayen deg-s at'as n tutlayin. Anabad' (gouvernement) n tmurt-agi yesbedd-d tasertit (politique) i yes ara yerr taglizit d tutlayt i yes tteddu tmurt, am wakken ara tttwah'erzent tutlayin nnid'en, tid umi semman n "yegduden", akken yis-sent ara lemden yelmez'yen idelsan d wansayen-nsen. D acu kan, tagnit deg wennar tewâer' ugar n wakken i tt-yettmuqul unabad'. Yugh lh'al, xas anabad' asingapuri iqeddec ghef wamek ara yeh'rez tutlayin n yegduden-is, maca maci merr'a tutlayin ay ssawalen di Singapur ttwah'erzent, yernu kra seg Yisingapuriyen ttawd'en bitt alamma sr'uh'en tutlayt d yedles-nsen ghef idra n tsertit-agi. Yugh lh'al, di tmurt am Singapur, i deg tt'uqqten yegduden, adennit (labudd) ad tili tutlayt, xas d taberr'anit, ara fehhmen merr'a yegduden-is yernu yis-s ay tez! m er ad d-tili teywalt (communication) wagar-asen. D acu kan, si tama nnid'en, tasertit n Singapur akken ad teh'rez tutlayin n yegduden-is ur telli d tin iâedlen ger n tutlayin merr'a n tmurt-a. Di lweqt i deg Icinwaten a xeddmen ayen umi zemren akken ula d nitni ad sâun tutlayt-nsen tedjhed di tmurt-a (xas ma yella atni a ttsemmih'en di tentalyin-nsen tines'liyin), igduden nnid'en n Singapur, i sen-d-yeqqimen kan ad qeblen tasertit-agi n unabad' ara iteddun akken ad temh'u at'as n tutlayin si tmurt-a. Amagrad-agi yettqeddimagh-d amek ay llant tutlayin di tmurt n Singapur, amek ara ixeddem unabad' akken ad yessemsawi lumur' di tmurt i deg tt'uqtent tutlayin am ta, d wamek ara yekkat akken ad ilin Yisingapuriyen d wid ara yissinen tutlayin i yes ara nefâen tamurt-nsen. D acu kan, si tama nnid'en, nezmer digh ad naf deg-s tagnit is'eâben i deg ttidirent tutlayin timect'ah' sdat n tutlayin "umi meqqer ccan", di tmurt-a, i deg taglizit d nettat ay d tutlayt "tagraghlant" yekksen akk cc! i âa i tiyad', ma d tacinwat d nettat digh ay d tutlayt n tuget deg yimezdaghen n tmurt. Afud igerrzen]\nMi ara yerzu kra umerray (touriste) yettmeslayen taglizit ghef Singapur, ad yaf iman-is mlih' dinna mi ara d-yers seg usafag (avion). Igalisen n unafag (panneaux de l'aéroport) merr'a uran s teglizit, igalisen n webrid kifkif, yernu tuget akk di medden zemren ad fehmen taglizit ay yettmeslay, imi ah'ric meqqren di Singapur s teglizit ay ilehh'u. D acu kan, ayen ara iweâr'en ghef umerray ara d-yerzun ghef Singapur netta d afham n wawal-nni ay ttmeslayen wat'as n Yisingapuriyen s uh'ar'ef, d awal icuban taglizit, maca ur yezmir ara uberr'ani ad t-yefhem. Tutlayt-a ay yettmeslay wegdud qqaren-as tasinglict (singlish). Yugh lh'al, tasinglict d talgha (forme) n teglizit-nni ay llan sseqdacen-tt di Singapur di tallit n tehrest (colonisation), u llan wid i s-yeqqaren d ajeggeh' kan n tutlayt taglizit. Tajerr'umt (grammaire) akk d umawal n tutlayt-a, ay yebnan di las'el ghef wid n teglizit, kecmen-ten-id at'as n yilugan (règles) akk d wawalen n tutlayt tamalizit (n Malizya) akk! d thokkient yellan d yiwet si tentalyin n Ccinwa. Dgha, maci ala kan deg weghdebbu (accent) d went'aq akk d wawalen ay temxallaf tsinglict ghef teglizit. Rnu-yas s aya, tutlayt-a ur telli d tigellilt, wanag d tutlayt ay ttmeslayen wat'as n medden deg wat'as n tegnatin di Singapur, yernu at'as seg wid ur tt-nessin ara, ur ttazmaren ara ad tt-fehmen, xas ssnen taglizit.\nDi tsinglict, mi ara d ak-yini wabâad' "Where got?", ad tghiled' d asteqsi ay k-id-yesteqsa, maca netta yeqsed-d ad ak-yini d akken ur yumin ara kra n tghawsa negh yebgha ad tt-yeskiddeb [am mi ara d-nini s tmazight : "maci d ss'eh'"]. Ma iwala-k kra n bab n th'anut a tettmuquled' gher sselâa-s, ad ak-yini ‘Kairh ai hep choo?’, d ayen ara d-nini s teglizit ay nnum "Can I help you?" [dgha yella wemgerrad meqqren deg went'aq ger n snat-agi n tutlayin]. Ma yenna-yak-d win yettmeslayen tasinglict "dirty" ghef kra n waxxam, ur d-yeqsid ara d akken axxam-nni "yumes", akken ad ara tt-yefhem wemdan yesnen taglizit tamagnut (commune), wanag yeqsed-d d akken axxam-nni yettwamlek. "Is it?" d tanfalit (expression) ay sseqdacen wid yettmeslayen tutlayt-a i lmend n wesmesxer negh ma ur ten-yettaâdjab ara kra, mi ara ten-yessewhem kra [akken d-neqqar "d leâdjeb !"], mi ara yilin ur th'iqqen ara ghef kra [akken d-neqqar nekni "wissen"], negh mi ara d ak-inin d akken ur uminen ara! ayen d asen-tennid'. Tanfalit-agi n "Is it?" zemren ad tt-sqedcen i yiman-is negh rennun-tt-id tikwal gher tgara n tefyirt (phrase). Ma d tafyirt "You can drop here", iqsed-d yis-s bab-is d akken "tzemred' ad teffghed' sya". Yugh lh'al, anabad' (gouvernement) asingapuri ur yefki ara akk azal i tsinglict yernu d taglizit tizeght (standart) ara yesnernay di tmurt-is. Deg yiwet n tdiwennit ay d-yeffghen si melmi kan deg weghmis n The Strait Times, yemmeslay-d uneghlaf ameqqran, Lee Kaun Yew, ghef tsiglict, yenna-d fell-as : "tettkemmil kan deg ujeggeh' n tutlayt yernu anect-a ur d agh-d-yettawi ara akk lfayda. Anect-a yezmer ad yesâu azal i yimassanen n tutlayt maca ur yesâi ara akk azal i tmetti". (The Strait Times Interactive, 12 Yunyu, 2000).\nYugh lh'al, maci d ayen yessewhamen ma nenna-d d akken tasinglict tughal d yiwet si tutlayin timeqqranin akk n Singapur. Tigduda n Singapur d yiwet n tmurt tamuct'uh't i deg ttidiren wat'as n yegduden yernu ttmeslayen at'as n tutlayin. Tuzga-d tmurt-agi deg wenz'ul (sud) n Malizya, yernu tella deg-s yiwet n tegzirt tameqqrant akk d wazal n xemsin n tegzirin timect'ah' ay d-iqerben ghur-s. Di 20 n yiseggasen-agi iâeddan, tughal Singapur d tamurt tatrart (moderne) yuz'an mlih' gher sdat, yernu terbeh' mlih' tdamsa-yines (économie). Asseqdec n teglizit di Singapur yettekka mlih' deg wesnerni n tmurt-a akk d rrbeh'-yines. D taglizit ay d tutlayt n leqdic di Singapur, yernu d nettat ay d tutlayt ay fehhmen akk medden di tmurt-a. Imi si zik ara d-ttasen yiminigen gher Singapur, ass-a, tamurt-a tesâa at'as n yegduden ay yettidiren deg-s. Imezdaghen-agi ixeld'en n tmurt-a simmal ara ttaddjan tutlayin-nsen akken ad mmeslayen taglizit, yernu anect-a id'erru-d s lâejlan si tsuta (! l djil) gher tayed'. Xas ma yella Singapur tesâa r'ebâa n tutlayin timens'abin (officielles), d taneglizit ay d tutlayt ay smenyafayen medden, yernu simmal ara ttnernin wid ara tt-yettmeslayen ama di berr'a, ama deg wexxam.\nKra seg umezruy n Singapur akk d wawwad' n yiminigen imezwura ghur-s\nXas ma yella amezruy n Singapur d aqdim at'as, ayen yesâan azal meqqren akk deg-s netta d asmi ay yewwed' ghur-s Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles deg waggur n Yennayer n 1819. Mi akken ay yewwed' Raffles gher tegzirt-agi, yufa-n deg-s yiwet n taddart tamect'uh't n 150 n yimezdaghen dgha yugh tigizrt-agi ghef yiwen n ukerwa n yilel (maître de la mer) isem-is Abdul Rahman yernu yerra-tt d ayla n Tkebbanit Tabrit'anit n Lhend Tagmud'ant (Tacerqit). Dindin kan tughal Singapur d asagen (port) irebh'en. Di 1826, tughal Singapur d ah'ric si Thersin n Yekriz'en (Colonies des Détroits), am nettat am Penang d Malacca [di Malizya]. Ma di 1867, tughal Singapur, akk d Thersin-nni n Yekriz'en d Tahrest seg Uqacuc Abrit'ani.\nIminigen n Ccinwa, n Lhend, n Malizya akk d tegzirin n Indunisya llan-d si ger n yimezwura ay d-yewwd'en gher Singapur, akken kan d-sbedden asagen-ines. Leh'kem abrit'ani akk d tewwura yeldin ghef tnezzawt (commerce) di Singapur d ayen ay yeddjan at'as n medden ad d-inigen ghur-s si Ccinwa. At'as seg Yicinwaten-nni ay d-yewwd'en gher din d wid yellan ttwalasen tt'laba dgha llan ssexdamen-ten di tmurt-a. Ma d iminigen Ihendiyen, bdan ttasen-d gher din seg wasmi ay d-yewwi Raffles kra seg-sen deg yiserdasen-is. Imi ay zemren ad xedmen di Singapur di inawaren (forctionnaires) n unabad', d imestekniyen (techniciens), d iselmaden negh d imzenza (commerçants), at'as n Yihendiyen ay d-yinigen gher din si Penang, Lhend akk d Sri Lanka. Di 1823, tughal Singapur d amd'iq i gher d-ttawin imeh'bas, dgha ughalen ttusexdamen yimeh'bas ihendiyen di lebni n yizudagh (bâtiments), n yiberdan akk d tqent'yar.\nUqbel n 1860, imezdaghen n Singapur llan h'essben-ten s uqerru, yernu d tamsulta (police) ay d-ilehhun d wanect-a. Di 1860, yettwaxdem wuddun (recensement) amens'ab amenzu, yernu ufan-d d akken llan imir-n 80.792 n yemdanen di tmurt-a. Zik-nni, ala kan d Imaliziyen ay yellan zedghen di Singapur, d acu kan, ur âett'len ara ughalen Yicinwaten d nitni ay yett'uqqten dinna.\nDi 1824, llan 10.683 n yimezdaghen di Singapur, gar-asen 60 % d Imaliziyen, 31 % d Icinwaten akk d 7 % d Ihendiyen. Ma di 1830, ughalen Yicinwaten d nitni ay yett'uqqten akk ger n yimezdaghen n tmurt-a, yernu mazal-iten ara ass-a d nitni ay tigti (majorité). Di 1867, wwd'en Yicinwaten gher 65 % (55.000) seg yimezdaghen n Singapur, yernu anect ay yellan a d-yettawed' d iminigen icinwaten yettnadin leqdic yella yettbeddil seg useggas gher wayed'. Ghef umedya, di 1880, wwd'en-d 50.000 n yiminigen si Ccinwa, di lweqt i deg di 1912, wwd'en-d 250.000. Ihokkienen (Hokkien), Iteochewen (Teochew), Ikant'uniyen akk d Yihakkaten si trebbaâ timeqqranin akk ay yellan ttawd'ent-d si Ccinwa. Seg wasmi ay d-yebda yinig gher Singapur, d Ihokkienen akk d Yiteochewen ay yett'fen tanezzawt (commerce), ma d Ikant'uniyen qeddcen s umata di tfellah't, maca kra deg-sen qeddcen digh di yined' (artisanat), bennun ixxamen n wesghar, ttxid'in negh qeddcen d ih'eddaden.\nD asnulfu n yigherruba ay iteddun s yiraggen akk d tullya n terga n Suez di 1869 ay yeddjan tadamsa n Sigapur ad tennerni. Tughal Asya n Wenz'ul agmud'an (sud-est) d tama yettwassnen s ussuffegh (exportation) n kawatcu akk d uhellun (étain), yernu tughal Singapur d yiwen seg yisugan imeqqranen akk deg wemd'al. Di 1921, bnan Yebrit'aniyen di tmurt-a yiwen n wabud' awlal (base navale) meqqren, d win ay tt'fen Yijapuniyen deg Wemgaru Amad'lan (Guerre mondiale) wis sin asmi ay ttf'en Singapur si Fur'ar' n 1942 alamma d Ctember' n 1945.\nDi 1946, tughal Singapur d tahrest i yiman-is di Tqacuct Tabrit'anit, asmi ay ttwakksent Thersin n Yekriz'en. Di 1959, tettunefk-as tfulmant (autonomie) i Singapur xas ma yella Brit'anya tella mazal-itt d nettat ay d-yelhan d laman akk d lumur' n berr'a n tmurt-a. Ma di 1963, tekcem Singapur gher Tfidir'alit n Malizya, am nettat am tmiwa n Malaya, Sabah d Sarawak. D acu kan, di Ghect n 1965, temsebd'a-d Singapur ghef Malizya yernu tughal d tigduda timziregt (indépendante) i yiman-is. Xas ma yella ass n uzarug n Singapur d ass n 9 Ghect 1965, kemmlen yiserdasen Ibrit'aniyen ttilin dinna alammi d taggara n 1971.\nTasertit n tutlayin di tallit n uâeddi s azarug\nAdabu abrit'ani n tallit n tehrest ur yefki ara azal meqqren i tsertit n tutlayin (politique linguisitque) di Singapur, menghir asselmed n tmalizit i Yimaliziyen deg ugherbaz amenzu, dgha alammi ay tewwed' Singapur gher tallit n uâeddi s azarug (période de transition) i d wakken ay d-yed'ra ubeddel di tsertit n usselmed n tutlayin. Di 1946, yerra udabu asselmed bat'el yernu s r'ebâa n tutlayin timeqqranin n tmurt, tacinwat, tamalizit, tatamilt (tamil) [d tutlayt ay ttmeslayen di kra n tmiwa n Lhend akk d Sri Lanka], akk d teglizit. Di 1955, yerra unabad' tutlayin-agi merr'a kifkif-itent di tmurt. Di 1956, yughal usselmed deg yigherbazen imenza d win ay d-yettilin s snat n tutlayin, s teglizit akk d kra n tutlayt tayemmat, yernu asselmed deg ugherbaz wis sin (secondaire) d win ay d-yettilin s 3 n tutlayin, dgha ughalen yinelmaden a lemmden tutlayt-nsen tanes'lit, u rennun lemmden taglizit akk d tmalizit. "Tughal teglizit d nettat ay d tutlayt yesâan azal di tdamsa yernu ! d nettat ay d tutlayt timserreh't ay fehhmen medden s umata. Ma d asselmed n tutlayt tacinwat, n tmalizit akk d ttamilt d ayen ttwalin yesâa azal i lmend n weh'raz n "wazalen imensayen" (valeurs traditionnelles)". ( J. Tan, - deg umagrad-is n Yunyu, 1997 : Education and colonial transition in Singapore and Hong Kong: comparisons and contrasts. Comparative Education, 33).\nAss-a, tuget deg yinelmaden n Singapur qqaren deg ugherbaz n unabad' ay yesseqdacen taglizit d tutlayt n usselmed. Ma igherbazen usligen n Singapur, d wid i deg qqaren kan yiberr'aniyen negh wid ay ixes'ren tizrawin-nsen deg ugherbaz n unabad'. Deg yigherbazen yesseqdacen taglizit, ilaq ghef yinelmaden ad lemden tutlayt nnid'en, tin yettusemman d tutlayt n wegdud-nsen, am nettat am tnegwa (matières) nnid'en. S waya, Icinwaten qqaren tamandarint (mandarin), Imaliziyen qqaren tamalizit, ma d Ihendiyen qqaren tatamilt xas ma yella tutlayin-a ur llint ara d tutlayin tiyemmatin n kra n yinelmaden [imi di tmura akka am Ccinwa negh Lhend, maci akk imezdaghen-nsent ttmeslayen tamandarint negh tatamilt]. Rnu-yas s anect-a, citt'ah' kan mad'i n yinelmaden isingapuriyen umi d-yetts'ah' ad lemden tutlayt tis tlata (am talmanit, tafr'ensist negh tajapunit) negh ad lemden yiwet si tutlayin-nni "tiyemmatin" nnid'en ay sselmaden deg ugherbaz asingapuri, tid ur nettusemma ara d tutlayt-! n sen tayemmat [dgha, ghef umedya, yewâer'-as i unelmad yesâan las'el-is d ahendi yernu sselmaden-as tatamilt deg ugherbaz, ad yernu ad yelmed tacinwat negh tamalizit, xas ma yella tutlayin-a ttuselmadent deg ugherbaz n Singapur]. Deg umagrad-is ay d-yessuffegh di 1997, deg tesghunt n "Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, yenna-d A. F. Gupta d akken tasertit n usselmed n tutlayt tayemmat di Singapur "d tin ay nezmer ad tt-nwali d ah'err'em seg welmad n tutlayin yesâan azal". D acu kan, at'as n yimawlan ay iqeblen asselmed akka am wagi, imi nitni aghulif-nsen awh'id netta d rrbeh' n warraw-nsen di tezrawin (études). Ma d anabad' yettwali d akken tutlayin yesâan azal d tid ay yettaldin tiwwura ghef rrbeh' n wemdan yernu snernayent timetti gher sdat.\nTagnit i deg llant tutlayin ass-a di tmetti n Singapur\nGhef leh'sab n Ugezdu n Tesnaddant (département de statistiques) n Singapur, di 1990 llan 3.016.400 n yimezdaghen di tmurt-a, di lweqt i deg di 1998, yewwed' wuddun (recensement) gher 3.865.600 n yemdanen. Di 1998, Icinwaten wwd'en gher 77 % seg yimezdaghen n Sigapur, u llan digh 14 % n Yimaliziyen, 7,6 % n Yihendiyen akk d 1,4 % seg yedguden nnid'en. Ula d yiwet si trebbaâ-agi ur teddukel d yiwen kan n wegdud yettmeslayen yiwet kan n tutlayt. Tin n Yicinwaten tefreq ghef 10 n trebbaâ, yal yiwet tesâa tantala-yines, yernu tirebbaâ timeqqranin deg-s d tid n Yihokkienen, Iteochewen, Ikant'uniyen, Ihainaniyen akk d Yihakkaten. Imaliziyen, si tama-nsen, dduklen ugar n Yicinwaten, maca ula d nitni llan deg-sen wid ay yettmeslayen tantala tajavanit (malais javanais) akk d tboyanit (boyanais). Ma d Ihendiyen, llan gar-asen wid yettmeslayen tatamilt am wakken ay llan wid yettmeslayen tamalayalamt, tapenjabit, tahendustanit, tabengalit akk d tgujeratit. Yugh lh'al, 26 n tutlayin! ay ttmeslayen s ujemmal di Singapur.\nMi akken ay tewwi Singapur azarug-ines, r'ebâa n tutlayin ay yerra unabad' n tmurt-a d tutlayin timens'abin : taneglizit, tacinwat tamandarint, tatamilt akk d tmalizit, yernu yesseâdel-itent merr'a deg uz'ayer (statut). "Tlata-nni n tutlayin n yegduden [tamandarint, tatamilt akk d tmalizit] ttwafernent-d akken ad d-sseknent tand'a (diversité) n Singapur, ma d taneglizit tettwafren-d imi ay tella d tutlayt tagraghlant yernu d tutlayt n tnezzawt (commerce), n tussna akk d teknussna (technologie)". Tamandarint, tatamilt akk d tmalizit ttusemmant d "tutlayin tiyemmatin" timens'abin, di lweqt i deg taneglizit tettusemma d "tutlayt tamenzut". D acu kan, maci akken d-yeqqar unabad' ay llant lumur' di tidet. Xas ma yella tamandarint akk d ttamilt ttwafernent-d akken ad d-genssent (représenter) Icinwaten akk d Yihendiyen n Singapur, maca ula d yiwet deg-sent ur telli d tutlayt ay d-lemmden yigerdan icinwaten akk d yihendiyen di twaculin-nsen. Ama ghur Yicinwaten negh ghur Yihend! i yen, tutlayt tayemmat n tidet ay d-ilemmed wegrud d yiwet si tentalyin-nni yett'uqten ay tmeslayen di Ccinwa negh di Lhend. Ala kan d tamalizit ay nezmer ad nwali d tutlayt tayemmat n yigerdan Imaliziyen n Singapur, imi tuget deg-sen d tin ay d-lemmden d tamezwarut. Ma d taglizit, ttafxir ad d-nini fell-as d tutlayt tamenzut n ugherbaz wala ad as-nsemmi kan "tutlayt tamenzut". Ghef leh'sab n Cheah (An overview of language and literacy issues in Singapore), taglizit d nettat ay d tutlayt yesâan az'ayer, d tin umi meqqer ccan yernu tettuseqdac d tutlayt tamenzut; dgha tettuseqdac deg wat'as n yinurar : d nettat ay d tutlayt tamens'abt, d nettat ay d tutlayt n leqdic, d tutlayt ay fehhmen akk medden di tmurt, d tin n ussenfali (expression) n tnettit (identité) taghelnawt, d tutlayt tagraghlant yernu digh, d tutlayt n ddin amsih'i.\nDi 20 n yiseggasen-agi iâeddan, nnernan wid yessnen ad ghren di Singapur. Di lweqt i deg di 1980, 84% deg Yisingapuriyen ay yellan ssnen ad ghren u ad arun, di 1990, wwd'en alammi d 90%. Ma di 1998, wwd'en wid yeghran di Singapur gher 93,1%. At'as seg wid izedghen di Singapur ay yessnen ad mmeslayen at'as n tutlayin. Di 1980, llan kan 34% seg wid yessnen ad ghren s snat n tutlayin negh ugar, ma di 1990, wwd'en gher 47% seg yimezdaghen n Singapur.\nTamusni n tutlayt tayemmat akk d teglizit\nD Ibrit'aniyen ay d imenza ay d-iskecmen taneglizit gher Singapur, d acu kan, d anabad' asingapuri ay yerran tutlayt-agi n tallit n tehrest d tutlayt taghelnawt yettwafhamen di tmurt-a.\nGer n tezwara n yiseggasen n 1970 akk d tgara n yiseggasen n 1980, tughal teglizit d assagh (lien) ger n yegduden merr'a n tmurt, yernu "d myall n tmusni akk d teknussna ara yesnernin tadamsa". Dgha yughal unabad' yessebghas medden akken ad sseqdacen kan taglizit deg wemkan n tentalyin-nsen ama di berr'a negh deg yimukan n leqdic, yernu iqenneâ unabad' imezdaghen n tmurt d akken d taglzit ara sen-yeldin tiwwura s ulzuzen igraghlanen (marchés internationaux) yernu ad ten-teddj ad ughalen d inesbughar. Annerni ay tennerna tdamsa tasingapurit si 1980 d asawen, d ayen ay d-yessknen d akken tamusni n teglizit d ayen ay yeldin tiwwura n unnerni ama i yemdanen, ama i tmurt s lekmal-is.\nTamusni-yagi ay tettwassen teglizit di Singapur d ayen yeddjan kra ad asen-semmin i wat'as n Yisingapuriyen d "isnutlayen -bilingues- yessnen taglizit". Yenna-d Parkir deg yiwen n umagrad-is d akken tasnutlayt (bilinguisme) am ta d tin yettaddjan medden ad issinen tutlayt tagraghlant akk d tutlayt ay ttmeslayen di Singapur (Two tongue tied: bilingualism in Singapore. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 14, 1993). Dgha, win yellan d asnutlay ass-a di Singapur, d win yessnen taglizit akk d kra n tutlayt taghelnawt nnid'en n tmurt-a. Deg yiwet n tezrawt (étude) ay iga ghef yinelmaden n tesdawit, yufa-d Parkir d akken at'as n yinelmaden icinwaten ay yettissinen taneglizit, tamandarint, akk d tentala-nsen tacinwat tanes'lit. Tikwal, zemren ad issinen ula d kra n tentala tacinwat nnid'en akk d kra n tutlayt taberr'anit (tafr'ensist, talmanit, tajapunit) negh tamalizit.\nLh'emla n Ussiwel n Tmandarint\n[Tamandarint d tantala n tcinwat ay fehhmen wazal n 70 % seg yimezdaghen n Ccinwa, yernu fell-as ay tebna tcinwat tizeght -standard- n wass-a]. Am teglizit, ula d tamandarint ttettusemma d yiwet si tutlayin umi meqqer ccan di Singapur, yernu yiwet si tghawsiwin ay tt-yeddjan ad tili akka nettat d Lh'emla n Ussiwel n Tmandarint (The Speak Mandarin Campaign) ay d-yesbedd uneghlaf amezwaru aqbur n Singapur, Mass Lee Kaun Yew. Lh'emla-yagi ay d-yebdan di 1979, tettwaxdem-d ghef snat n ssebbat : yiwet teqqen s asselmed ma d tayed' teqqen gher tmetti. Seg yidis n usselmed, lh'emla-yagi tella-d d akemmel i tsertit tasnutlayt n Singapur, imi ay testeâr'ef d akken taglizit d tutlayt yesâan azal imi d nettat ay d tutlayt n tmurt s umata, di lweqt i deg tamandarint "tessishil asselmed n wazalen idelsanen (valeurs culturelles) akk d wansayen (traditions) i Yicinwayen" [yettidiren di Singapur]. Ma seg yidis n tmetti, tezmer digh ad tessishel tmandarint amsefham ger n Yicinwaten n Si! n gapur, ay yettmeslayen tintalyin yemxallafen, imi ay llan wat'as n Yicinwaten ay yesseqdacen tamandarint, yernu nettat d tutlayt yettarun. Dgha Lh'emla n Ussiwel n Tmandarint d tin ay d-yettilin yal aseggas yernu tgen deg-s ifadden i Yicinwaten akken ad ttmmeslayen ugar tamandarint, dgha yesseqdac unabad' i lmend n waya at'as n ttawilat, gar-asen ilghagduden (mass media), timsirin, asselmed n tmandarint s tilifun akk d tfaskiwin n yisura yettmeslayen s tmandarint.\nYugh lh'al, Lh'emla-yagi tewwi-d lfayda-s di Singapur imi di 1990, 30 % seg Yicinwaten n tmurt-a ay yughalen sseqdacen tamandarint deg wexxam, di lweqt i deg di 1980, llan kan 13% deg-sen ay yettgen aya. Ma d asseqdec n tentalyin ticinwatin deg wexxam yenqes si 76% gher 48% ger n 1980 d 1990. Tughal digh tmandarint tettuseqdac ugar ula deg yimukan n leqdic. D acu kan, mi yettnerni useqdec n tmandarint ghur n Yicinwaten, ula d asseqdec n teglizit deg wexxam yettnerni ghur-sen. Dgha di lweqt i deg llant kan 10% si twaculin ticinwatin yesseqdacen taglizit d tutlayt n wexxam di 1980, wwd'ent di 1990 gher 21%. Yugh lh'al, tamsalt-a n unnerni n wid yesseqdacen taglizit ghur n Yicinwaten n Singapur d ayen iceghben aneghlaf ameqqran Lee Kaun Yew, yernu yenna-d d akken ass-a, mbeâd ma âeddan âecrin n yiseggasen fell-as, Lh'emla-yagi tewwed' kan gher wezgen n webrid, yernu mazal akken ad tawed' s iswi-yines. Deg yiwet n tdiwennit ay d-yeffghen si melmi kan deg weghmis n The Strai! t Times, yenna-d Yew :\n"Ilaq ad as-nergel abrid i wanect-a [asseqdec n teglizit deg yexxamen n Yicinwaten] yernu ad nexdem akken ara teqqim tmandarint d ah'ric si tudert n tmetti tacinwat, am wakken ara nexdem digh akken ur sr'uhu'yen ara medden tamandarint-nsen mi ara âeddin seg welmud wis sin (secondaire) gher welmud aâlayan. Anect-a d ugur meqqren. Ayen yessawad'en medden ad ddjen tutlayt u ad ddmen tayed' netta d tazzla sdeffir n leqdic yelhan akk d unadi n rrbeh' di tudert-is. Ma yella ur d as-nettabdad ara i Lh'emla-yagi n Ussiwel n Tmandarint sya ar sdat, tezmer ad temmet, wanag ma nebded-as, tezmer ad tettnerni tghara-s cwit', cwit'".\nAbeddel n tutlayt akk d waddud* n medden\n(*addud = attitude)\nAkken d-nenna sufella-yagi, imezdaghen n Singapur simmal ara ttbeddilen tutlayin-nsen s teglizit, yernu anect-a id'erru-d s lâejlan ghur yal agdud yettidiren di tmurt-a. Di lweqt i deg tirebbaâ n Yicinwaten akk d Yihendiyen d nitenti i deg ara d-ttilin wat'as n wid yettaddjan tutlayin-nsen akken ad mmeslayen taglizit, ghur n Yimaliziyen, qlilit wid ixeddmen aya. Di lweqt i deg di 1980, llan kan 11,6 % seg Yisingapuriyen yesseqdacen taglizit deg wexxam, di 1990 wwd'en gher 20,3%. Ma d tamandarint, wwd'en wid i tt-yesseqdacen deg wexxam gher 26% seg yimezdaghen n Singapur di 1990, mbeâd ma llan kan 10,2 di 1980. Asseqdec n tentalyin ticinwatin yenqes-d gher 36,7 % di 1990, mbeâd ma llan 59,5 % seg Yisingapuriyen sseqdacen tintalyin-agi di 1980. Di tezrawt (étude) ay gan ghef Yicinwaten Iteochewen di 1997, Wei, Saravanan akk d Hoon ufan-d d akken tarbaât-a s lekmal-is teddja tutlayt-is tanes'lit akken ad temmeslay yiwet si tutlayin timens'abin nnid'en n Singapur. Imassanen! - agi ttwalin d akken ghur n Yiteochewen "tamandarint akk d teglizit simmal ara yettnerni useqdec-nsent di twacult, di lweqt i deg zik-nni d tateochewt kan ay llan sseqdacen-tt". (Language shift in the Teochew community in Singapore: A family domain analysis. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 18. 1997). Ssebbat yessawd'en s anect-a nitenti d tisertiyin n unabad', d az'ayer n tutlayin [imi tamandarint akk d teglizit sâant az'ayer di lweqt i deg tateochewt ur t-tesâi ara], d attekki n yelghaduden [deg uselh'u n tmandarint akk d teglizit], amgerrad (lxilaf) yellan ger n tsuta (ledjyal), iswiren n welmad, addaden (attitudes) n medden akk d wemkan ay tesâa tutlayt di tmetti akk d tdamsa n tmurt. Gupta akk d Yeok nnan-d d akken "abeddel n tutlayt di Singapur yella-d s lâejlan meqqren, imi deg wat'as n twaculin, ala kan yiwet n tsuta (ldjil) ay yettissinen at'as n tutlayin yernu mazal tessen tutlayt tanes'lit [di lweqt i deg tisutyin timeqqranin ttissinent kan! tutlayt tanes'lit, ma d tisutyin timez'yanin, xas lemmdent-d at'as n tutlayin seg ugherbaz negh si berr'a, ur ttisinent ara tutlayt tanes'lit]. Anect-a yessawed' alammi ughalen lejdud akk d warraw n warraw-nsen ur ttmeslayen ara s yiwet n tutlayt [dgha ur ttazmaren ara ad msefhamen u d anect-a ara yerren imez'yanen ur ttazmaren ara ad d-lemden kra seg yemgharen]". (Language shift in a Singaporean family. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 16. 1995 ). Yernu sin-agi n yimassanen ttwalin d akken ayen yessawed'en s anect-a netta d assebghes (encouragement) ay yessebghas unabad' medden akken ad sseqdacen tamandarint akk d teglizit. Ma d Imaliziyen, si tama-nsen, dduklen ugar n trebbaâ nnid'en yettidiren di Singapur yernu mazal-iten ttkemmilen sseqdacen tamalizit deg wexxam, xas ulamma ula d nitni nnernan ghur-sen citt'ah' wid yesseqdacen taglizit di twacult.\nTaglizit akk d tmandarint ttwah'esbent d tutlayin umi meqqren ccan di Singapur, yernu tamandarint meqqren ccan-is ugar n tmalizit akk d ttamilt imi amur meqqren di medden d tin ay yettmeslay yernu tettâawan-itt digh Lh'emla n Ussiwel n Tmandarint ay d-yettilin yal aseggas. Saravanan yufa-d d akken tiwaculin ticinwatin smenyafayent ad sqedcent taglizit deg wakk leqdicat-nsent sdaxel n twacult [taghuri, tira, timesliwt n rr'adyu negh assiked tilibizyu]. Ma d Imaliziyen, xas smenyafayen ula d nitni digh taglizit deg wanect-a, maca d tamalizit ay sseqdacen mi ara ttmeslayen wagar-asen. Itamilen, si tama-nsen, sseqdacen tatamilt ala kan i weâbad, di lweqt i deg sseqdacen taglizit di merr'a leqdicat-nsen nnid'en sdaxel n twacult.\nIlaq ad d-nger tamawt d akken xas medden ttah'qaren tantalyin di Singapur, maca ur a ttah'qaren ara igduden ay tent-yettmeslayen. Wei, Saravanan akk d Hoon ufan-d di tezrawt-nsen ghef tcinwat tateochewt d akken tuget deg Yiteochewen ttwalin d akken tamusni n tteochewt ur tesâi ara azal meqqren di tnettit (identité) n wegdud-nsen. Dgha at'as seg Yiteochewen ay steqsan yimannanen-agi ghef wanect-a, nnan-asen-d : "Ur d-cliâegh ara ma yella tr'uh' tutlayt tateochewt"; "Akken yebghu yili, maci at'as n tegnatin ara d iyi-d-yetts'ah'en akken ad mmeslayegh tateochewt"; "Ttwaligh d akken ma tessned' ad temmeslayed' tamandarint akk d teglizit, ber'ka-k"; "Nekk d Ateochew, d tidet. Lulegh-d d Ateochew, ur zmiregh ara ad beddlegh aya. Ur ttmeslayegh ara tutlayt-iw, maca mazal-iyi d Ateochew." "Asseqdec n tteochewt ur yesâi ara azal meqqren di tmetti, ihi aygher ara d'eggâegh lweqt-iw akken ad tt-lemdegh?".\nWei, Saravanan akk d Hoon ufan-d digh d akken wid ur nessin ara taglizit ttwah'qare s wat'as di Singapur. Asingapuri ay d-ilulen mbeâd n Wemgaru (Guerre), yernu ur yessin ara ad yemmeslay taglizit d win ay ttwalin Yisingapuriyen d "anâaybu di tmetti" (handicapé social) yernu attekki-yines di lebni n tmurt ur meqqer ara at'as. Ma Icinwaten n Singapur ur nettmeslay ara tamandarint, ttwalin-ten digh d inekkar'en n tjaddit, yernu ur sâin ara idles. Simmal ara ttnernint teglizit akk d tmandaritn deg yinurar n tudert n tmurt, simmal ara tth'ulfun medden d akken ur h'wadjen ara ad tt'fen di tentalyin-nsen. Tewwed' teglizit alammi ay tughal d tutlayt n wat'as n twaculin. Ghef wakken nezemer ad nwali, Isingapuriyen ddan d tsertit n unabad' ay yettwalin d akken taglizit d nettat ay d tasarut n rrbeh' n yemdanen akk d win n tmurt s lekmal-is.\nIcqaren* n Uzekka\n(*acqar = défis)\nAkken ay d-nenna sufella-yagi, taglizit n Singapur, tin umi qqaren "tasinglict", attan a tettnerni ghef wakken nezmer ad nwali, imi simmal ara ttnernin Yisingapuriyen yesseqdacen taglizit. Yernu xas ma yella tutlayt-a ur telli deg wahilen (programmes) wala deg yeswan n unabad', simmal ara tettughal mechur'et ghur medden. Deg yiwet n tmurt i deg medden tissinen at'as n tutlayin, ayen ilaqen ghef unabad' akk d yiselmaden netta d leqdic akken ara rren medden-agi d isnutlayen (bilingues) ara inefâen iman-nsen u ad rnun tamurt. Yugh lh'al, Singapur teh'wadj isnutlayen ara izemren ad mselghun (communiquer) wagar-asen yernu zemren ad mselghun akk d yimezdaghen nnid'en n wemd'al. Dgha yeqqar-d Parkir "ur tettazmar ara ad tsemmeh' Singapur di tmetti-yines tasnutlayt (bilinguisme social)". Ihi, di tmetti i deg tt'uqtent tutlayin akk d yegduden, amek ara nwali taglizit ? D tutlayt ay d-yellan d tiqent'ert ger yegduden negh d tin yellan d amihi (danger) ghef tentalyin-nsen tines'li! y in? Ula d Cheah d anect-a ay t-iceghben deg umagrad-is n 1997 (An overview of language and literacy issues in Singapore), i deg i d-yesteqsay ghef wamek ay yezmer ad yili welmad s teglizit d amihi ghef yidelsan akk d wazalen n yegduden. Ma d anabad' asingapuri, si zik ay yettwali d akken d taglizit ay d tutlayt n leqdic yernu d nettat ay yeqqnen Singapur gher wemd'al di lweqt i deg azalen akk d tnettit tadelsant n Singapur ad ttuslemden i tsutyin timez'yanin s tmandarint, s tmalizit negh s ttamilt. D acu kan, amek ay zemren yelmez'yen ad d-wer'ten azalen-nsen idelsanen mi ara yilin lejdud ur zmiren ara ad mmeslayen akk d warraw n warraw-nsen [imi ay mxallafent tutlayin ay ttmeslayen] ?\nAsseqdec n tgelizit di berr'a negh deg wexxam simmal ara yettnerni di Singapur. Mi akka ara yettali wazal n teglizit, Isingapuriyen ttwalin d akken tutlayt-a d nettat ay d tutlayt tawh'idt i yes zemren ad tt-sellken di ddunit-nsen, yernu leqdicat ay d-yessuturen tamusni n teglizit d wid yesâan ccan di tmurt-a. Isingapuriyen qeblen tasertit n tutlayin n unabad' akk d tsertit-is n usselmed asnutlay (éducation bilingue), imi ara ttwalin lfayda ara d-yettawi usseqdec n tutlayt tagraghlant. Ayen i s-yelhan i wemdan yelha-yas digh s wat'as ula i tmurt s umata. Tamurt-agi tamect'uh't tesâa amkan yelhan deg wulzuz (marché) n wemd'al yernu s usseqdec n teglizit ay tessawed' Singapur ad tesserbeh' tadamsa-yines. Akken ad tkemmel Singapur annerni-yines di tdamsa u ad tidir dima di rrbeh' akk d lehna di lqern-agi wis 21, ilaq ad tkemmel teglizit ad teqqim d nettat ay d tutlayt idjehden di tmetti tasingapurit.\nTasuqilt sghur Omar MOUFFOK d H'afid' MESBAH\n<<< Qqel γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 5 Ddu γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 7 >>>


Q=7	C=7	SS=0	LS=7	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=4	G0=1	G1=1	G2=1	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Animo - Латинский - Кабильский Переводы и примеры\nВы искали: animo (Латинский - Кабильский)\naxaṭer d amdan ur nesɛi ara yiwen n ṛṛay, lecɣal-is ur seḥḥan ara.\nMa yella yenneɛtab yiwen deg-wen, ad yedɛu ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi. Ma yella win yellan di lfeṛḥ, ad yeḥmed Sidi Ṛebbi s ccnawi.\nquodcumque facitis ex animo operamini sicut Domino et non hominibu\nKra n wayen ara txedmem, xedmet-eț s wul yeṣfan am akken i Sidi Ṛebbi i t-txeddmem mačči i yemdanen,\nLameɛna kunwi ay imawlan ur sserfuyet ara dderya-nwen neɣ m'ulac ad feclen.\nSewṛet ihi ay atmaten ! Țekleɣ ɣef Ṛebbi ad idṛu am akken i d-yenna ;\nGallione autem proconsule Achaiae insurrexerunt uno animo Iudaei in Paulum et adduxerunt eum ad tribuna\nDi lweqt-nni i deg yella Galyun d lḥakem ɣef tmurt n Lakaya, at Isṛail msefhamen, ddukklen ɣef Bulus, wwin-t ɣer wexxam n ccṛeɛ, nnan :\nTura ur țțagadet ara, sǧehdet iman-nwen axaṭer ula d yiwen deg-wen ur ițmețțat ; ur d-tețțili lexsaṛa anagar lbabuṛ-agi ara iɣeṛqen.\nTețțucewwel akk temdint, lɣaci uzzlen ɣer wexxam n umezgun, seddan yid-sen Gayus akk-d Aristark yellan d imasiduniyen, d iṛfiqen n Bulus, ițṣafaṛen yid-es.\nS lețkal i sɛiɣ di Sidna Ɛisa, ssarameɣ qṛib a wen-ceggɛeɣ Timuti iwakken a yi-issefṛeḥ s lexbaṛ ara yi-d-yawi s ɣuṛ-wen.\nMi i s-iwehha lḥakem i Bulus iwakken a d-ihdeṛ, Bulus yenna : Sriɣ aṭas iseggasen aya i telliḍ d lḥakem ɣef wegdud-agi ; ihi s laman ara d-qeddmeɣ tamsalt-iw zdat-ek.\nsinh (Вьетнамский>Английский)das war erste sahne (Немецкий>Английский)limon kolonyasi (Тагальский>Английский)haltak means (Английский>Тагальский)sauvage (Французский>Суахили)xx ভিডিও hd এক্স bangla (Бенгальский>Английский)non communicable diseases (Английский>Тагальский)furnieroberfläche (Немецкий>Английский)ano sa tagalog ang flashlight (Английский>Тагальский)how says olive oil in kannda (Английский>Каннада)kane (Тагальский>Английский)viininkorjaajat (Финский>Корейский)kruisverbanden (Голландский>Английский)gusto kong iangat ang mga magulang ko kahirapan (Тагальский>Английский)这个世界 (Китайский (упрощенный)>Испанский)forretningen (Датский>Вьетнамский)flores (Английский>Корейский)sub district (Английский>Греческий)luftabwehr (Немецкий>Английский)how's your exam preparation going (Английский>Хинди)liao (Английский>Испанский)e pluribus impar (Латинский>Английский)tilsvarende (Датский>Финский)delizie del cambusiere (Итальянский>Английский)anunciado (Португальский>Итальянский)