Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=31	G1=14	G2=2	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY= 1 Corinthians 4 Kabyle: NT\nBible > Kabyle: NT > 1 Corinthians 4\n1Ilaq a ɣ-ḥesben yemdanen belli d iqeddacen kan n Lmasiḥ i nella, d wid i gwekkel Sidi Ṛebbi i wessefhem n lbaḍna-ines. 2Acu i nețṛaǧu deg win i nwekkel ɣef lḥaǧa ? Nețṛaǧu a nețkel fell-as ! 3Nekk, ur iyi-d-tewqiɛ ara ma yella tesḍelmem-iyi kunwi neɣ ma isseḍlem-iyi ccṛeɛ n yemdanen ; nekk daɣen ur sḍelmeɣ ara iman-iw, 4ɣas akken ur iyi-isseḍlem ara wul-iw, mačči d ayagi ara d-isbeggnen belli d aḥeqqi i lliɣ, axaṭer d Sidi Ṛebbi ara yi-ḥasben. 5Daymi ur țḥasabet ara uqbel lweqt, uqbel tuɣalin n Ssid-nneɣ ; d nețța ara d-isbeggnen s tafat-is ayen yeffren di ṭṭlam, ara d-ibeggnen daɣen ayen yeffren deg wulawen. Imiren yal yiwen ad isɛu ccan yuklal ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi.\n6Ay atmaten, ayen akka i d-nniɣ fell-i akk-d Abulus nniɣ-t-id iwakken aț-țfehmem lmeɛna n lemtel-agi : « Ur țɛeddit ara akkin i tilas n wayen yuran » ; ilaq yiwen ur ixeddem lxilaf ger yemdanen, iwakken ad izuxx s yiwen deg-sen. 7Ihi anwa i k-yessulin ccan sennig wiyaḍ ? Acu ur k-d-nekki ara s ɣuṛ Ṛebbi deg wayen akk tesɛiḍ ? Imi d nețța i k-d-yefkan, acuɣeṛ i tețcekkiṛeḍ iman-ik am akken mačči s ɣuṛ-es i k-d-yekka ?\n8Atan teṛwam yakan, tuɣalem d imeṛkantiyen ! Tuɣalem d imḍebbṛen mbla nukni, acḥal bɣiɣ lemmer ț-țideț tzemrem i yiman-nwen iwakken a nḍebbeṛ s tdukli ! 9Nukni yellan d imceggɛen n Lmasiḥ, yefka-yaɣ Ṛebbi imukan ineggura ; aql-aɣ am wid ibuṣan, am wid i tețɛassa lmut, tfeṛṛeǧ deg-nneɣ ddunit meṛṛa, am lmalayekkat, am yemdanen. 10Nukni d imehbal ɣef ddemma n Lmasiḥ, ma d kunwi d iɛeqliyen di tikli-nwen akk-d Lmasiḥ ! Nukni nefcel, kunwi tesɛam tazmert ; nukni nețwaḥqeṛ ma d kunwi tesɛam ccan ! 11Ar tura, aql-aɣ neqqim i laẓ d fad, neɛra, nețwet, nețmenṭar si tama ɣer tayeḍ ; 12nețɛețțib iman nneɣ a nexdem iwakken a d-nawi aɣṛum-nneɣ s ifassen-nneɣ. M'ara ɣ-reggmen nukni nețbarak-iten, m'ara ɣ-țqehhiṛen nukni nețțawi-yasen, 13m'ara d-inin ayen n diri fell-aneɣ nenehhu-ten. Ar tura ḥesben-aɣ am iḍumman n ddunit, am ineggura n yemdanen.\n14Ur wen-d-uriɣ ara ayagi iwakken a kkun-sneḥcameɣ, meɛna iwakken a kkun-sfehmeɣ am arraw iw i ḥemmleɣ. 15Ɣas ma llan ɛecṛa alaf yemdanen i kkun isselmaden deg webrid n Lmasiḥ, yiwen n baba-twen kan i tesɛam di Lmasiḥ, imi d nekk i kkun-id-yewwin ɣer webrid n Lmasiḥ s Lexbaṛ n lxiṛ. 16A kkun-weṣṣiɣ ihi aț-țeddum am akken ddiɣ nekkini. 17Ɣef wayagi i wen-ceggɛeɣ Timuti, mmi eɛzizen di Lmasiḥ, iḍuɛen Sidi Ṛebbi iwakken a wen-d-yesmekti amek i leḥḥuɣ deg webrid n Lmasiḥ, akken i t-sselmadeɣ di mkul tajmaɛt n watmaten. 18Kra deg-wen ikcem-iten zzux, ɣilen ur n-țṛuḥuɣ ara a kkun-ẓreɣ ? 19Meɛna ma yebɣa Sidi Ṛebbi, qṛib a n-aseɣ ɣuṛ-wen. Ad ẓreɣ widak-agi yețzuxxun, mačči d imeslayen-nsen kan iwumi ara ḥesseɣ meɛna ad waliɣ ayen iwumi izemren. 20Axaṭer tazmert n tgeldit n Sidi Ṛebbi mačči d imeslayen kan ara ț-id-isbeggnen, meɛna d lecɣal. 21D acu i tebɣam ? A n-aseɣ ɣuṛ wen s uɛekkaz, neɣ s wul yeččuṛen d leḥmala akk-d leḥnana ?


Q=2	C=2	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=30	G1=18	G2=5	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY= Acts 4 Kabyle: NT\nBible > Kabyle: NT > Acts 4\n1Buṭrus d Yuḥenna mazal-iten heddṛen i lɣaci mi d-wwḍen kra n lmuqedmin, yedda-d yid-sen umeqqran n iɛessasen n lǧameɛ iqedsen akk-d kra n yergazen si tejmaɛt n isaduqiyen 2Zeɛfen mi walan ṛṛusul sselmaden lɣaci yerna ssefhamen-ten ɣef ḥeggu n lmegtin qqaṛen-asen : -- Akken i d-yeḥya Sidna Ɛisa si ger lmegtin, akken daɣen ara d-ḥyun lmegtin. 3Sṭfen-ten, rran-ten ɣer lḥebs armi d azekka-nni axaṭer imiren yeɣli-d yiḍ. 4Lameɛna aṭas seg wid yeslan i wawal, umnen. Ad ilin azal n xemsa alaf n yemdanen i gumnen.\n5Azekka-nni, lḥukkam, lecyux akk-d lɛulama n ccariɛa yellan di temdint n Lquds, nnejmaɛen. 6Yella lmuqeddem ameqqran ițusemman Hannan akk-d wid i s-yețțilin, ḥedṛen daɣen : Kayef, Yuḥenna d Alixandru. 7Wwin-d Buṭrus d Yuḥenna, sbedden-ten di tlemmast-nsen akken a ten-beḥten, qqaṛen-asen : Ansi i wen-d-tekka tezmert-agi, anwa isem s wayes i tneddhem armi txedmem ayagi ? 8Dɣa Buṭrus yeččuṛen d Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen, yenna-yasen : 9A lḥukkam d lecyux n wat Isṛail ! Imi ɣef lxiṛ i nexdem i wergaz-agi aɛiban d wamek i geḥla i ɣ-d-testeqsayem ass-agi, 10ilaq aț-țeẓrem kunwi d wat Isṛail meṛṛa, belli s yisem n Sidna Ɛisa anaṣari, win akken i tsemmṛem ɣef wumidag, win akken i d-yesseḥya Sidi Ṛebbi si ger lmegtin, s tezmert-is i gbedd wergaz agi tura zdat-wen yeḥla. 11D nețța i ɣef d-nnant tira iqedsen : D azṛu-nni i tḍeggṛem kunwi ay ibennayen, i guɣalen d azṛu i geṭṭfen lebni. + 12Deg-s i gella leslak ; ulac di ddunit meṛṛa isem nniḍen s wayes i nezmer a nețțusellek.\n13Mi walan belli Buṭrus d Yuḥenna heddṛen s laman mbla akukru, wehmen axaṭer ẓran d imdanen ur neɣṛi ara ; ɛeqlen-ten seg wid yeddan d Sidna Ɛisa. 14Lameɛna imi walan argaz-nni yeḥlan ibedd zdat-sen, ur ufin d acu ara d-inin. 15Umṛen-ten ad ffɣen seg unejmaɛ n ccṛeɛ iwakken ad mcawaṛen wway gar-asen, 16nnan : D acu ara nexdem s yemdanen agi ? Imezdaɣ n temdint n Lquds akk wwin-d s lexbaṛ belli xedmen lbeṛhan yerna ț-țideț ur nezmir ara a nenkeṛ ayagi. 17Lameɛna iwakken lexbaṛ-agi ur iteffeɣ ara ger lɣaci, a neggal deg-sen ur țțuɣalen ara ad mmeslayen ula i yiwen s yisem-agi. 18Uɣalen ssawlen-asen, gullen deg-sen iwakken ur țțuɣalen ara ad mmeslayen neɣ ad slemden s yisem-agi n Ɛisa. 19Lameɛna Buṭrus d Yuḥenna nnan-asen : D acu i d lḥeqq zdat Ṛebbi, a wen-naɣ awal i kunwi neɣ a naɣ awal i Sidi Ṛebbi ? 20Walit s yiman nwen ! Nukni ur nezmir ara a nessusem ɣef wayen neẓra d wayen nesla. 21Rnan gullen deg-sen, lameɛna serrḥen-asen imi ur d-ufin ara sebba s wayes ara ten-ɛaqben, yerna lɣaci akk țḥemmiden Sidi Ṛebbi ɣef wayen yedṛan, 22axaṭer argaz-agi i geḥlan s lbeṛhan di leɛmeṛ-is akteṛ n ṛebɛin iseggasen.\n23Mi sen-serrḥen, ṛuḥen ɣer watmaten, ḥkan-asen akk ayen i sen-d-nnan lmuqedmin imeqqranen d lecyux. 24Mi slan watmaten-nni i wayen i d-yenna Buṭrus, akken ma llan serrḥen i taɣect-nsen, nedhen ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi nnan : A Sidi Ṛebbi, kečč i gxelqen igenni, lqaɛa, lebḥeṛ d wayen akk yellan.\n25D kečč i d-ineṭqen s Ṛṛuḥ-ik iqedsen seg yimi n jeddi-tneɣ Dawed aqeddac-ik, mi d-yenna : Acuɣeṛ ccwal-agi ger leǧnas, acuɣeṛ igduden ggaren-d anagar yir ixemmimen ?\n26Igelliden n ddunit heggan iman nsen, imeqqranen ddukklen akk, ffɣen-d d iɛdawen n Sidi Ṛebbi akk-d Lmasiḥ-ines.\n27Axaṭer ț-țideț, di temdint-agi, Hiṛudus d Bilaṭus mcawaṛen, ddukklen nutni d ibeṛṛaniyen akk-d wat Isṛail, uɣalen d iɛdawen n Sidna Ɛisa imqeddes i textaṛeḍ d Lmasiḥ. 28Ayen akka xedmen, d ayen akken i tqesdeḍ keččini di lebɣi-inek, s tezmert-ik, si zik. 29I tura, a Sidi Ṛebbi, wali-d amek akka i ɣ ssaggaden ; efk-aɣ-d a Sidi Ṛebbi tazmert s wayes ara nbecceṛ awal-ik s ṭṭmana mbla akukru. 30Ssers-ed afus-ik iwakken ad ḥlun imuḍan, iwakken a d-ilint licaṛat d lbeṛhanat s yisem n Sidna Ɛisa aqeddac-ik imqeddes. 31Mi fukken taẓallit, amkan-nni anda nnejmaɛen yergagi ; ččuṛen akk s Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen, bdan țbecciṛen awal n Sidi Ṛebbi s ṭṭmana mbla tugdi.\n32Wid akk yumnen s Lmasiḥ, ddukklen akk s yiwen n wul, s yiwen n ṛṛuḥ, ula d yiwen deg-sen ur yeḥsib ayen yesɛa d ayla-s i yiman-is kan, meɛna cerken kullec wway gar-asen. 33Ṛṛusul țcehhiden-d ɣef ḥeggu n Sidna Ɛisa s tezmert tameqqrant yerna ṛṛeḥma n Sidi Ṛebbi txeddem deg-sen s lǧehd. 34Ulac gar-asen win ixuṣṣen ; wid akk yesɛan igran neɣ ixxamen zzenzen-ten, 35idrimen-nni i d-țțawin deg-sen, țțawin-ten ɣer ifassen n ṛṛusul i ten-ifeṛṛqen i mkul yiwen ɣef leḥsab n wakken yeḥwaǧ.\n36Yusef illan n at Lewwi iwumi semman ṛṛusul Barnabas, ( yeɛni argaz inehhun ) i glulen di tegzirt n Qubṛus, 37yesɛa yiwen n yiger, izzenz-it, yewwi-d idrimen-nni, yefka-ten i ṛṛusul.


Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=14	G1=2	G2=0	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=ZamZam Academy » Aqidah Tahawiyah (Commentary on Imam at-Tahawi’s aqidah text)\nAqidah Tahawiyah (Commentary on Imam at-Tahawi’s aqidah text)\nAqida Tahawiyya – Art. 50 – 65\nAqidah Tahawiyah (Commentary on Imam at-Tahawi’s aqidah text) – Art. 50 – 65.\nAqida Tahawiyya – Art. 48 – 49\nAqidah Tahawiyah (Commentary on Imam at-Tahawi’s aqidah text) – Art. 48 – 49.\nAqida Tahawiyya – Art. 38 – 47\nAqidah Tahawiyah (Commentary on Imam at-Tahawi’s aqidah text) – Art. 38 – 47.\nAqida Tahawiyya – Art. 31 – 37\nAqidah Tahawiyah (Commentary on Imam at-Tahawi’s aqidah text) – Art. 30 – 37.\nAqida Tahawiyya – Art. 17 – 30\nAqidah Tahawiyah (Commentary on Imam at-Tahawi’s aqidah text) – Art. 17 – 30.\nAqida Tahawiyya – Art. 10 – 17\nAqidah Tahawiyah (Commentary on Imam at-Tahawi’s aqidah text) – Art. 10 – 17.\nAqidah Tahawiyah (Commentary on Imam at-Tahawi’s aqidah text) – Introduction: Art. 9.\nAqidah Tahawiyah – Introduction\nAqidah Tahawiyah (Commentary on Imam at-Tahawi’s aqidah text) – Introduction.


Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=0	G1=0	G2=0	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Yeffeɣ-d ass n : Lexmis, 28 Mayu 2020 11:13 Ɣran-t : 93 n tikkal\nLEZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Kra n yimazanen n Ugraw Aɣerfan Aɣelnaw ssawlen-d, ass n ukras, deg uskasi ɣef usaḍuf assmadan n tedrimt n 2020, ɣef ukukru-nsen deg wayen yerzan tamyadast tanewsit ay yettwaḍefren deg ukatar n usaḍuf-a ɣef lǧal n unqas n umaduf apitṛulan.\nI lmend n waya, yenna-d umazal Youcef Mahi (Amsegraw Aɣelnaw Amegday) dakken asaḍuf assmadan n tedrimt yesseqdec tarrayt-nni ay yettwasqedcen deg tezɣan yezrin yernu yenna-d dakken timerniwt n tewsiwin mi ara yenqes umaduf iban-d dakken ur yenfiɛ ara.\nAmazan Mohamed Amine Hariz (Tirni n Uslelli Aɣelnaw) yenna-d dakken s usaḍuf-a, anabaḍ ad d-yerr lḥeṛs n lexṣaṣ n umarud ɣer uɣref deg wakud aydeg aṭas n taggayin tinmettiyin d temsadurin ay yeḍruṛin seg yisemda n tkaɣreft n unfafad bu uqacuc ay iḥuzan mliḥ tadamsa.\nAmazan Abderrahmane Yahia (Amsegraw Aɣelnaw Amegday) yenna-d dakken wa d « asaḍuf n yiweddiben idrimanen » yernu yenna-d dakken anabaḍ yesmenyaf « tefses d uferru aḥerfi » n tezɣent yeḥwajen tifratin n tidet.\nMa d amazan Mhamed Hadji (Amsegraw Aɣelnaw Amegday) iḥettet-d dakken tifrat n lexṣaṣ n yidrimen d asegrew n yidrimen yellan deg wulzuz amsadaɣ d usersi-nsen deg tbankiwin, am wakken ay yessefk ad tettwassebɣes tmerrit tadigant, ad yettwadhel usefti afarsan yernu ad ttwadehlen yimkerrazen.\nLast modified on Ssebt, 30 Mayu 2020 11:03\nasaḍuf assmadan n tedrimt n 2020\nYeffeɣ-d ass n : Lexmis, 28 Mayu 2020 11:13 Taggayt : TADAMSA Ɣran-t : 93 n tikkal Bḍu\nTasɣunt n Umezruy n Lezzayer "Mémoria" ad tuɣal d tayalmalast, uṭṭun warun ad yeffeɣ ass…\nTaremɣa n ubrid: Tamehla n Tɣellist Taɣelnawt tger-d tiɣri i uheyyi n uɣawas amellil n…


Q=0	C=0	SS=0	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=1	G0=21	G1=10	G2=1	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Di tsumta ɣer tira - Tamurt\nVous Êtes Ici: Accueil → Di tsumta ɣer tira\nHemmar Bussaed 16 juillet 2017 0 Commentaire tasumta, tira\n(TAMURT) – Idelli, lligh d ibekki, uɣalegh d amdan, azekka ad uɣalegh d iɣsan, sel azekka ad uɣaleɣ d aɣebbar. Ɛezrayen xas yecca times, ur yettaf ara d acu ara yeddez. Ad yettsuɣu kan fell-i, ad yeqqar : « Teccid Rremdan a ccmata ass n 13 di Tuber deg useggas n 3017 ».\nNekk, ad ttadsaɣ kan s tufra axater win yemmuten yesgunfuy, yettak imuras i wuguren. Idelli, heddreɣ kan di timawit i tsumta ɣef ayen i yi ceɣben, ass-a, ttaruɣ uguren-iw di lkaɣed. Wissen ma ttagi imi yeqqar umusnaw Charles Darwin « La théorie de l’évolution ».\nAhat yura di twenza-w ad idireɣ di tusaft, ala tasumta d yimru id uffiɣ ɣer yidis-iw. Ma d imdukal akken ma llan, jebden iman-nsen : wa yerwel, wa yettadsa, wa yeffer, wa yessusem, wa yerra iman-is ur yesli ara i tiɣri, wayed ur d iwala ara imettawen-iw.\nSuref-i-yi a tasumta, bezzaf i kem eetbeɣ. Deg asmi id luleɣ, nnɣiɣ-kem s nnhati, d iɣeblan d uguren. Yal id, hekkuɣ-am-id lesrar-iw, ttruzuɣ aqerruy-im. Tectaqed ad tafed talwit, ad t-sled i wawal azidan i yebnan ɣef tirga yettwellihen ɣer temsunt. Yal id, zgiɣ ttcektiɣ ɣef yir zher d yir tudert. Zgiɣ ttalaseɣ, rennuɣ : « Itij yugi ad yecreq, agris yugi ad yefsi, tagrest tegdel tafsut, tayri tugi ay-id wali, teseuzzeg ul-is, tcud iɣalen-is. Zher yezzer di lebher ur nesei tagara, iferrawen-iw zgan d iwraɣen, yefɣin usirem… »\nMacci d yiwet n tɣawsa i yesluɣen ul-im. Xas ur t-heddred ara, zriɣ tfehmed-i-yi-d. Tikwal, tettrud yid-i, tikwal tesfadayed imettawen-iw. Ul-im hnin d ayen kan, yerwa tidak yuran. Ass-a, bɣiɣ ad am fkeɣ cwit n talwit axater tɣaded-i-yi, atas it sebred, tuklaled ad t-sgunfud cwit. Ass n timawit ifuk, ad fkeɣ nnuba i tira. Ad teqqimed i lebda deg ul-iw, suref-i-yi di laɛnaya-m.\nAss-a, ad hkuɣ lesrar-iw i yimru, sarameɣ ad yeddu yid-i s tebɣest, ɣur-m ad yecbu, yal ugur ad t-yerr d taqesit neɣ d asefru. Yal id, ad yaru akken iwata. Afrayen xas ma qerhen neɣ jerhen, ad ten yerr d aktayen.\n“Aru a yimru, ttxilek ur ttaǧǧa amedyaz wehd-s yettru. Aru, aru, aru akken ad yertih wul-iw, ad yifsus wallaɣ-iw. Aru alama tbanned tafat n tafrara.\n“Am tsumta negh ugar, ad illiɣ yid-k i lebda, fkiɣ-ak awal n yirgazen winna akken hemmlen iheddaden”.\nSɣur Hemmar Bussaɛd


Q=6	C=6	SS=2	LS=0	PS=1	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=55	G1=33	G2=15	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Taẓẓut n 111 n tsejjura deg ijjen ddcar di Lhind.. Ammu issemɣaran s twetmin. | Le RIFAIN\nZic, deg wamun Ahindawi lebda tiwetmin aqqa-yent deg ijj uklasi adu iwetman. Maca Aba aqqa-t x yixef n ijjen unhezzi xsen ad zzag-s beddlen axarres-a n lferz aked twetmin. Zegga temmut yelli-s.\nTiḥenjirin ig iqqaren di ddcar-a, yujer iḥenjiren. Fuṭu n : Bhavya Dore\nYebḍa Shyam Sunder Paliwal ijjen lxuḍret n tsejjart n Wanatu. Yettwassnen s yisem n Sindur, uḍan-d zzag-s iɛeqqayen d izegg°aɣen ḥedqen, issers-iten x ufus-nnes uca yebda ittmuqqul dag-sen.\nTasejjart-a i zi d-ssufuɣen taɛejjajt n Zzenjfer i yetteggen ihindawiyen x tenyirin-nnsen, drus xminni tasejjart-a i tɣemmi deg wemkan-a wa. Maca luxa tedwel d ijjen tsejjart zeg waṭṭas n tsejjura iggamen di ddcar n Piplantri. Ddcar-a d ijjen zi setta nniḍen d imeẓẓyanen qqnen jar-asen di jjihet n Rajasthan, di ẓelmeḍ-uɣelluy n Lhind.\nWami yedwel Shyam Paliwal d amɣar n ddcar deg useggas n 2005, ttuɣa banen izumal n ikaryaren n rrxam di tmurt-nnes. Ikaryaren-nni wwḍen ad ccen cal n yidurar, ssiẓɣen timura i yunuḍen i ddcar, d tuzzegzewt wer teqqim aṭṭas. Tiḥenjirin di ddcar n Piplantri, ameknaw ledcur n Lhind merra, ttɛicent d ziyyada x lwacunat-nnsent. Amun ttuɣa issenqas zzag-sent, wer tent-ismquddi ca aked iwtman, i ttuɣa ittɛawanen imarawen-nnsen s ttmenyat x zzman.\nPiplantri, tedwel d ameknaw n ḥeṭṭu n twennaḍt d umquddi jar iwetman d twetmin, Fuṭu n : Bhavya Dore.\nDeg useggas n 2007, temmut yelli-s n Paliwal di lɛumur-nnes 17 iseggua zegga ttuɣa tehlek s lazaɣ. Ayt bab n lwacun-nnes i ttuɣa iddiqqen aṭṭas ẓẓun ijjen tsejjart, wcin-as i tsejjart-nni isem n tḥenjirt-nni immuten, ḥuma ad wcen addur i twengimt-nnes. Paliwal inna aked yiman-nnes ad yerr manaya d ijjen tnamit di ddcar, imezdaɣ n ddcar ḍefren isuraf-nnes.\nAss-a xminni tettlula ca n terbat di ddcar n Piplantri, teẓẓun imezdaɣ-nnes 111 n tsejjura. Nnumru-ya yettwaḥsab d lbaraka ɣer Ihindusiyen, ḥuma ad wcen addur i tewtemt, ɛawed ḥuma ad ɛedlen asistim aykuluji.\nShyam Paliwal yeqqar : « Mala neẓẓu ijjen tsejjart s yisem n ijjen tḥenjirt, mayemmi wer netteẓẓu tisejjura s yisem n merra tiḥenjirin di ddcar? ». Luxa ddcar dag-s ca n 350 alef n tsejjart, zi tsejjura n Umangu, Aḍil n yekɛeb, akeccuḍ n usendel, tazart tuɣrist yettwassnen s Bibal d uxeyrazan. Merra aya, yewwec-aneɣ-d ijjen usayrar dag-s alef n uhiktar i ttuɣa yellan qbel d amessuki.\nPaliwal d netta ig iẓẓun tasejjart tamezwarut d asemɣer i wektay n yelli-s. Fuṭu n : Bhavya Dore.\nAxarres n Shyam Paliwal yedwel lux d ijjen unhezzi d aykuluji n twetmin. Luxa tiwacunin xminni i ttejjant tiḥramin, lwalidin wer tent-smellkent ar ɣa awḍent 18 iseggusa di buḥbel-nnsent, ad tent-jjen ad kemmlent tiɣuri-nnsent. Mamec reẓmen imezdaɣ n ddcar ijjen leḥsab n banka s yisem n mkul tḥenjirt srusan dag-s 31 alef n rrubiya i d-ittawyen ca n 305 pound, wer zemmrent tiḥenjirin-a ad ɣasṭarent ttmenyat-a ar ɣa awḍent 18 iseggusa. Zeɛma tinɛacin-a ad tent-ɛawnent ɣer tɣuri niɣ ad ɛawnent ɣer uɣasṭu n wurar. Teɛqeb tagant n Piplantri d ameknaw deg usugur n waman.\nYewwi-ayi Shyam Paliwal deg ijjen usari di tagant adu tili n tsejjura. Iwessa-ayi ḥma ad rreɣ taynit zeg ifiɣran d tɣerḍmiwin, ar mani niwweḍ ɣer tsejjart n Kadamba, i d-yusin deg wadaf n ddcar, d nettat i yellan d tasejjart tamezwarut i yeẓẓu Paliwal , ma lux unuḍen-as-d aṭṭas n tsejjura.\nDi lweqt i di tteẓẓun imezdaɣ n ddcar 111 n tsejjura, nettaf-iten ttnejmaɛen deg uyur n inuẓar (tɣuct) ḥuma ad ẓẓun tisejjua n merra tiwetmin i d-ilulen di 12 n iyuren i yeɛdan.\nPaliwal iqqar belli tiḥenjirin i d-ittlulan di ddcar i dag-s izeddɣen ca n 5.500 n bnadem, ittakk°aḍ ar 60 n tḥenjirt kul aseggas. Tiḥenjirin timeqqranin tteqqnent ijjen ufilu umi ttlaɣan « raxi » x taẓẓutin yettwaẓẓun s yisem-nnsent. Uca ḥeṭṭan-tent amec ḥeṭṭant suytmatsent di ficta n « Rakca Bandan ». Deg ijjen teɣmart nniḍen di ddcar, imɣaren n ledcur nneɣni, ttceddan awal-nnsen, ṭṭerf i tsejjart n tazart Tapingalit, maḥend ad ggen tizemmar-nnsen ad ḥḍan tawennaḍt la d nitni.\nIqqar Paliwal : « Jihet n Rajasthan tejj-d imnayen ɛemmers wer rḍin s treẓẓit. La d neccin ɛemmers ad nerḍa s treẓẓit. Di lqrun i yeɛdan wwḍen ad ṭṭfen acbar kunṭra i usugi d uhewwes i ttuɣa x-as illan, la d neccin luxa aqa-aneɣ neṭṭef acbar kunṭra i lehlakat d tubberwit ».\nZegga i d-ɣemyent tisejjura, geɛɛden-d waman di Piplantri, abeddel adelsan i yemsaren isgeɛɛed-as ccan ula i temɣart. Nikita Paliwal (14 iseggusa), icten zi yessis n ddcar umi ẓẓun tisejjura x yisem-nnes, tessitim ad tedwel d taḍbibt ad teswiza aked imeẓlaḍ, teqqar : « ixess-aneɣ a nbedd x iḍaren-nneɣ ».\nImezdaɣ n Piplantri ẓẓun ca n 350 alef n tsejjart ar lux. Fuṭu n : Bhavya Dore.\nTuffut-a, aṭṭas n temɣarin tteggent tizemmar mɣarent ḥma ad cerzent tamurt. Ayt bab n ddcar ttsunen tammurt, ssujadent i tyerza i useggas ikmel maci i yijj n wannaz waha (saison). Mamec teqqar Nanubhai Paliwal , xalt-s n Ninkita, belli turu-d tnayen n iḥenjiren, maca luxa ɣer-s tayyawin zegga yebda uprugram n taẓẓut n tsejjura i usemɣer-nnsent. Luxa ɣer-s snat n tayyawin, ttwaẓẓunt tisejjura s yisem-nnsent. Teqqar « Di min izwaren, tiḥenjirin ttuɣa-tent d zzeyada x wagdud, maca luxa tiwacunin wer ttexsent ad jjent iḥenjiren. Qa negga tizemmar-nneɣ maḥend ddcar-a ameẓẓyan ad idwel yecna, x uyenni, mmernint ttmenyat i d-nessadaf d lxedmet la d nettat temmerni ».\nIwettasen-a (les objectifs) udfen deg uprugrum-a, i d-yusin maci ɣir ḥuma ad as-wcen addur i temɣart waha d weɛdal n usistim aykuluji, ɛawed ddcar-a ad d-yerr taduli tazegzawt-nnes ḥuma ad d-issidef ttmenyat i imezdaɣ n ddcar ». Yeqqar Shyam Paliwal : « wer nzemmer ad nessexdem merra midden di fabrikat. S uya negga jar tiṭṭawin-nneɣ ad nexdem x iɣbalen igamanen (sources naturelles) ḥuma ad temmerni lxedmet ».\nTimɣarin n ddcar ggint ijjen tmesmunt ḥuma ad xedment x iẓemmiyen n thendiyt ad ten-zzenzen zi ddcar-a. Zi menɛac xsent ad xedmet x uḍil ḥma ad zzag-s d-saqarent ca n tmeslayin nniḍen n waẓẓli n temɣarin.\nYeqqar Shyam Paliwal : « tisejjura tteḥwajant i ucal d waman. Maca xmi i tent-teẓẓud ttawyent-id ijḍaḍ, taduli tazegzawt tettawi-d anẓar ». Aked manaya, imezdaɣ tteẓẓun 11 n tsejjura kul mma immut ḥedd zi ddcar-nnsen. Tteẓẓun tisejjura-ya deg ijjen umessuki, ttuɣa bennan x-as lebni berra i lqanun. Shyam immal-aneɣ-d adrar mani ttuɣa ttbeqqcen din x lmeɛden, luxa yedla s tuzzegzewt.\nYeqqar : « Abeqqec x lmeɛden irra cal-nneɣ yeẓleḍ. Neccin luxa qa-aneɣ nxeddem x mamec ɣa negg a narrigla cal-nneɣ, ad as-nekkes later-nnes ». S nnej i ca n teɛurar n weẓru, iɣanimen n ssekk°ar ttbanen axmi d jjdid x wemkan-a wa.\nIssers ddcar n Piplantri ijjen uplanu ḥuma ad jemɛen aman ittazzlen s nnej i tmurt, ad rnin deg waman n wanuten, ad cuqqen taryiwin, ad bnan uggugen. Ggin ca n plakat d timeqqranin di ddcar, mmalen dag-s ifuṭuten n ddcar qbel ma ad d-yerr tuzzegzewt-nnes d zegga i tt-id-yerra. Ddcar-a idewlen d azegza awarni umi t-ttuɣa yekḥeḍ.\nTedwel Piplantri zeg ijjen ddcar d amessuki ɣer ijjen teɣzut d tazegzawt. Fuṭu n : Bhavya Dore.\nAṭṭas n tnedwin n waman i yellan di ddcar, fettḥent dag-s tiyaẓiḍin n waman. Ca n teqqnannyin neṭṭwent deg ijjen yiger wami ijjen ṭṭawes la d netta ikk-d ṭṭerf-nnsen x ijjen wemkan yedla n plakat n yinirji n tufkt.\nImken Yana Paliwal mtnayen iseggusa wer tessin ila baba-s d yemma-s ẓẓun 11 n tsejjura s yisem-nnes. Wer tessin ɛawed, ila uglen x-as aṭṭas n isitam. Maca yemma-s Sangita Paliwal i d-immutyen ɣer Piplantri ca n 12 iseggusa zeg wami, wer tiwiḍ ad tadef ssekwila di temẓi-nnes. Tenna ad tɛawen yelli-s ad tkemmel tɣuri-nnes d amezwaru ɛad i ɣa tfekker di lemlak. Sangita, ttuɣa teddal aɣembub-nnes s ijjen tcembuct, d asedḥi. D manaya i yeqqarent leɛwayed Tihendusyin. Maca lḥal-nnes ibeddel zegga i d-temmutti ɣer ddcar n Piplantri, mani tkemmel aselmed-nnes asdawan, teṭṭef lxedmet ɣer-s ṭṭmubin-nnes weḥḥd-s.\nYura-t: Bhavya Dore, tala: BBC\n40 n iseggusa, mkul ass tasejjart, d leqrun n lazaɣ!


Q=13	C=5	SS=4	LS=5	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=19	G0=87	G1=32	G2=12	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Taceqquft umezgun-a tura s tesaḥlit(taqbaylit n Uweqqas?Neγ s tayeḍ?\nIsekkilen "εčḍğḥṛṣṭẓ" yettu-ten umeskar? neγ iεemmed?\nat Maεuc iban anda id-zgan, di tama n at wertillan, win id-yuran, aḥric amenzu d weḥric wis-sin, d tidet ur yesexdem ara, isekkilen-a, id-tuddreḍ ay Ayirat, ahat dayas id-yura taceqquft-a, umezgun akken is-isla, ur yesshil ara i wakken akkmani, ad tafeḍ,timacinin isεan, isekkilen agi n tmaziγt, d agi kan, neγ ahat d iwelihen nniḍen i yeḍfer? amedya, n Mass Ceradi neγ Salḥi, wigi asumer-nsen akka: "e=ε" aeabbudt γ=qh" aqhrum "d+t= ṭ" tamedtut, artiga;\nma d aḥric wis kraḍ, wagi yesexdem iwelihen n tira, yellan deg wesmel agi.\nAtan ulseγ-as-d tira i weḥric amenzu. Tameddit-agi a d-rnuγ wis sin akk d wis kraḍ. Ma d aγanib-nni amek ttwanṭaqen wawalen deg at Wemεuc, ğğiγ-t kan akken i t-yura umeskar n umagrad-agi. "Tebγiṭ" ğğiγ-t akken, ur t-rriγ ara "tebγiḍ"\nMa yella kra n wezgal, wellhet-iyi-d.\nAzul fell-awen, igerrez a Hemmu imi teğğiḍ taceqquft-a s yiles n At Wemεuc.\nNna Fati - Tinin-is...\nTwenneε, tenneεneε tceqquft-agi umezgun. A s-ssiwḍeγ azul d aḥmayan i Σabid Naṣer n Tiwal ma yerza-d ar wesmel-agi.\nBercus - Tinin-is...\nAzul Fella-wen akken ma tellim. Sureft-iyi kan awen d iniγ belli taceqquft ayi tettwaru s teqbaylit n'At Mεuc, id yezgan deg unzul n Bgayet, γef rrif n temnaṭ n'At Wertiran. Imi id ceyεeγ tacceqquft-ayi sarmeγ ad ttwireqqeε tira-s uqbel ad tteγren lγaci. Ulac aγilif, neγratt akken itt id ceyεeγ. Acku nekk di ddunit, ur d ittnefk tagnitt ad γreγ taqbaylit, neγ ad aruγ yes. Ayen isneγ, γas maci xilla, sneγt-id s yiman-iw kan, s tayri-nni kan i nesεa ar teqbaylit. Sureft-iyi daγen ma nniγ awen belli nek daγen ur fahmeγ aṭas awalen s wacu id tettarum, imi taqbaylit isneγ d tin s wacu ittemeslayeγ yal as. Dacu dayen yelhan mliḥ, ma yella sneγten am kunwi. Akken teẓrim, ulac imukan anida ar aγ ten seγṛen. Ahat amkan-a γef acu id ttnadiγ d IMYURA? aw iyufan!\nDaγen, bγiγ ad rnuγ belli taceqquft-a maci dagl-aw, maca dagla n umdakwel-iw Laḥsen Busaεud, ig llan di Lkanada lawan-na, iwumi as nefk Azul si taddart-is.\nS wul zeddigen, s tegmatt, s tayri n wawal n teqbaylit awen niniγ ar tufat\nSmaεil ΣABID, si taddart n Tiwal.\nNna Fati, atan azul-im ad yaweṭ ar Naṣer, amdakwel-iw ul d nekki.\nAy Ayirat, suref-iyi kan ak d iniγ belli issekilen čğ d wiyaṭ, ur ten iduriγ ara imi ulac allal s wacu ar ten d aruγ. daya kan, maci d aεemmed akken id tenniṭ. Nedda akken nufa maci akken nebγa, akken yenna Dda Lmulud, as yeεfu Yillu.\nHemmu, atan tannemirt-ik imi tquḍreṭ tameslayt n'At Mεuc, imi teğğiṭ Ṭa d Ṭa, ur s tebedleṭ ara. Iḥsab-iyi Rebbi, maci d'aγbel ma yella nemxallaf amek nenṭeq, d'aγbel ma yella wa ur iqquḍer wa.\nAzeul a Bercus,\nSsurf-iyi a gma. d nekk i yeccḍen tazwara imi i tt-id-rriγ akken war ma tettwareqqeε. Atan εeẓẓreγ iḍelli, ulseγ-as-d tira s wadda. Ma yella anda tella tuccḍa, wellhet-iyi-d. Tanemmirt seg tura.\nD Ḥemmu kan\nTennemirt a gama Hemmu. Ulac tucṭa ma yella s wul zeddigen s wacu inteddu. Ur cukeγ yuwen ad iεeẓẓer (ilaq ad nesmekti belli anect-a yakw baṭel, maci s wedrim) iwakken ad yexdem kra s wacu nekwni, ig ṭsen alma bezgentt wallen neγ, aten ḥaseb. ak iεin Yillu a gma.\nAzul fell-awen, tanemmirt s tussda imi d-tefkam taceqquct umezgun-agi, igerrez imi tt-teğğam akken tt-id-nnan wat tmurt ideg i tt-uraren, xas ad yili wawal ur nettwafhem a nuγal a t-nefhem.\nCḍeγ! Bγiγ ad aruγ " taceqquft " mačči " taceqquct ".\nwagi d ulγu n timanit i tmurt n Iqvayliyen\ntessawal-ed ar wesmuli n tefsut Imazγen,\ntiγri yagi, ilmend n 20 yebrir 1980 d tin n 2001,\ndi Vgayet ass 20 yebrir 2008 af 11 t. ad tilli yiwet tikli i wesmekti, d yimal tmurt n Leqvayel: seg T.R.B. alamma d axxam n yedles Ṭawes Σamruc.\ndi Tizi Wezu, ass 20 yebrir 2008 af 14 t. d inelmaden n tesdawiyin ara yerrnun ar tikli n C.L.E. tameskant agi, d selγu γef timanit i tmurt n Yeqvayliyen, seg tewwurt n tesdawit Mulud Mεamri alamma d talemmast temdint.\nma di Paris ad yilli usegrew, di la place de la republique, ass n sayass 19 yebrir 2008 af 14 t.\na yi-tsurfem? ccḍeγ di snat teγra "i" Imaziγen, "a"\nccḍeγ daγen deg wass! asegrew di Paris ad yilli ass n sḍisass, mačči ass n sayass, ( samedi mačči dimanche\nAWETNIRI - Tinin-is...\nTanemmirt i watmaten-agi-nneγ: ameskar i d-yuran tamezgunt-agi, win tt-id-yuznen akk d win tt-yesseγtan ( γas mazal llan deg-s ddeqs n wagulen, maca, ulac fell-as, tettwagzay). Wigi d awalen usebγes mačči d wid ucuffu uqendur. Tamezgunt-a werεad tt-γriγ akken a d-iniγ kra fell-as. Tegra-d deg wawal "taceqquft" dagi tuḍen icc-is! Ḥṣiγ akka i γ-d-mlan isem-is, akka i γ-sslemden isem-is, maca yelha daγen ma nesteqsay. Taceqquft/ aceqquf d ayen ur nemεin neγ d ayen yerrẓen di teqbaylit, neγ mačči akka?! Taceqquft fkan-as-tt i tmezgunt wid yettxemmimen s TEFRANSIST ( a d-nuγal daγen alamma d asentel-nni a Muhabdiki!) "piece" . Nniγ lemmer d lebγi fiḥel ma nnuda di tmaziγt akk d wesnulfu am wawal "afalu", maca, lemmer a s-neg kan isem-is "tamezgunt" daya; am taεrabt "mesraḥiya". D acu twalam?!\n(γas mazal llan deg-s ddeqs n wagulen, maca, ulac fell-as, tettwagzay)\nUr aγ-ttγullu ara a gma. Ini-aγ-d anda necceḍ akken a nesseγti, akken daγen sγur-k a nelmed.\nTanemmirt seg tura akka\nazul awtniri ansuf yis-ek\nnekk d amaynut ar usmel n yemyura, ussan agi kan id-kecmeγ, neγ d kečč i d amaynut? afalu yagi, ur ẓriγ ara d acu-t ma d taceqquft umezgun neγ? ma d asfaylu llan wid i t-id yuran, nnan-d d ṭṭaq\nttuγ ay Ayirat, awal nni γef i d-teseqsaḍ (tafrit Umaziγ) anamek-is= la conscience;\nTanemmirt a muhabdiki.\nAwal " taceqquft " d tidett d ayen yeṛẓen ahat ur yessefk ara a t-nesseqdac, a ttafeḍ wid i t-id-yesnulfan ḥwağen-t imir-nni akken ad ssuqlen " pièce " ihi limmer d axemmem i xemmen s tefransist tili semman-as " tapyist n tiyaṭr " akka a t-fehmen medden, xerṣum amur ameqqran seg yeqbayliyen, ma d " amezgun " ur t-ssineγ ara almi d melmi kan, waqil ur yelli di teqbaylit? d awal n tantaliyin timaziγin-nniḍen ?\n(Asmi qeddceγ deg yiwen umaṭṭaf sawalen-d kra n yemdanen i wakken a sen-d nesεeddi ticeqqufin UNEZGUM !!!!)\nd Awetniri i γ-id-yejeεren ay Ayirat, d tidet awal agi n tceqquft umezgun, tella degs tugdi, d awal i γ-id yesmektayen taruẓi, u yerrnu, iban d wid yettxemimen s tefransist i t-id yesnulfan, mačči d wiyaḍ, acku, wid yettxemimen s Taεrabit, mazal uwlac d acu i d-uffan i Tamaziγt! ahat akka d usawen ad yilli win ara d-yaffen awal iwulmen, si sya, ar imir, asen-semi, "tafawet" amedya tifawtin umezgun.\nd tidet akk ismawen ssεan anamek d wanda i d-frurin, am yisem-iw nekki iban s Tfransist, zeεma, yebra iṭbel deg waman,\nma yesuref-iyi Uwetniri, isem-is iban d Amaziγ, zeεma winna n tniri, acku isem agi n saḥara, s Tudayt zeεma d tagelliḍ, s Taεrabt d tin yeqquren ur tettarew ara, maca tuγal armi d-turew, teğğa-d le peṭrul akk d le gaz\ncḍeγ, riγ ad aruγ d tagelliṭ, "mačči d tagelliḍ\nsifax - Tinin-is...\nAzul d-amuqran a laḥsen, s wazal d-amuqran anwalli tira ynek dayi, tanmirt attas aken inan a g-awal Γes aken yewen iddar acḥal i'ssegasen, ad yawed wass ayuΓal ulacit ameεna yewen mayeddar s tiktiwin'is isudriten-t s tira ynes dawezΓi ad yawad wass atetun meddan, ad yΓall ad y-idir ilebdda.\namawal - Tinin-is...\ntannemirt-ik ay amawal γef umawal ayi id teceyεeṭ akk-a. tannemirt-ik. ak weεdeγ ad εerṭeγ ad tsexdmeγ di tira-ynu s ar zdat. tannemirt i tikkeltt naṭnin i keči d Tidukla n Imdyazen. Sarameγ awen abrid γezzifen\nWissen ma tessnem tamacahut ( mačči “tamacahutt”)-nni « Win d-ineṭqen ad yeqqen aɣyul” ?\nAxemmem yerza takti s kra n tutlayt mačči d tameslayt yes-s! Akken gziɣ seg imeslayen-nwen: tamaziɣt neɣ taqbaylit yessefk-as takna, ma mačči d tafransist, d taɛrabt, akk?! Wid d-yesnulfan isem “tamezgunt” d leqbayel ( dda Σebdella) mačči d aɛraben neɣ d ihilaliyen! Wid i ixemmmen* i “tceqquft” ufan yella yisem n “tepyast” di tefransist, ihi ttɛuddun yessefk a d-yenṭeḍ ula ɣer teqbaylit s wawal “taceqquft”.\nYessefk ad ḥṣun yemdanen d akken tamaziɣt ur tesɛi kra uẓar ɣer tefransist, acku imussnawen akk mwatan ɣef waya : Tamaziɣ , takucitikt… d kra n tmeslayin-nniḍen llant di twacult tasnilsit : Taḥamit. Taɛrabt, taɛebrit… d kra nniḍen llant di twacult tasnilsit : Tasamit. Snat twaculin-agi sduklen-tent deg yiwet twacult tasnilsit tameqqrant i wumi qqaren “Taḥamit/Tasamit. Tafransist, taferisit d tiyaḍ…. Llant deg twacult tasnilsit “ Tahendit/ Tayurupit. Ihi ulac merra ayen yezdin ger tefransist d tmaziɣt.\nAtan yisem n tceqquft umezgun (ugar ɣef tmezgunt): “pièce= Afalu” D Kamal N At Ẓerrad i t-id-ifernen. Ma tram amawal umezgun atan uzneɣ-as-t-id i gma-tneɣ Winna, ssutret-t a wen-t-in-yazen.\nAmyag « xemmem » am yal amyag, yessefk akk tirgalin yellan deg ufeggag-ines ad ilint deg yal udem mi ara t-nessefti ( ula d imassanen-nneɣ ur xemmmen ara fell-as akken a s-d-afen tifrat!)\nAtan wamek ara t-nessefti am wemyag “ɛeṭṭel”\nXemmmeɣ, ɛeṭṭleɣ ( “mmm” kraḍ tergalin am “ṭṭl” daɣen kraḍ tergalin)\nWali akken t-turiḍ ay Ayirat: “limmer d axemmem i xemmen”\nTamawt: Ur yessefk ara ad nessexled ger yismawen-a: “Afalu”= pièce. Afaylu=fichier. Asfaylu= ṭṭaq, seg wemyag "ffel=jbu akin, rnu-yas azellum n wemyag s aswaγ "s"= sfel= ssejbu akin.\nNekk s tidet d amaynut deg wesmel-a, maca, ula d iqburen-agi neɣ wid i ɣ-d-yezwaren ɣur-s, yiwwas llan daɣen d imaynuten akka am nekk. Ahat ula d wid t-id-yesnulfan ur t-id-snulfan ara kan i nutni, snulfan-t-id akken ad arun deg-s medden tamaziɣt. Yezmer umaynut a d-yeglu s umaynut neɣ mačči akka a gma-tneɣ Muhabdiki?! Neɣ ahat d nekk ur d ak-neɛǧib ara ad aruɣ da, wissen attan di ccek?! Awal-nni n “zzeɛma” ,“zzeɛma”, “zzeɛma” d acu i tebɣiḍ a d-tiniḍ yes-s?!\nS war takesna\n“d Ḥemmu kan “ wamag d acu-k ɛni?! Neɣ tettraǧuḍ a k-n-rnuɣ “Ssi”?!\nNekk ur lliɣ d “adukṭur” neɣ d amazzag di tmaziɣt neɣ deg wayen-nniḍen. Ttaseɣ-d ɣer da akken ad lemdeɣ ayen ur ssineɣ, daɣen ad mleɣ ayen ssneɣ. A lemmer d lebɣi-k ay ul : win d-ilemden kra di 20 iseggasen a t-imel i watmaten-is di ddqiqa. Akken t-yenna Si Muḥ “ Mel i watmaten-ik ma ɛerqen”.\nMa ur ttwagzan ara imeslayen d-nniɣ ; atan wayen riɣ a d-iniɣ : Ɣas llan ddeqs n wagulen di tira, maca tettwagzay tmezgunt-a. Yernu yettwannemmer nezzeh bab-is imi drus maḍi tmezgunin yettwarun s teqbaylit.\nTamawt: Imi d-tenniḍ kan "ur aγ-ttγullu ara " wamag ur yelli wayen ara yi-yawin γer tigi ( anagar aγullu akk d weḥsab n yiman ur tettafeḍ deg-i)?!\nAtnad kra n wagulen akk d useɣti-nsen deffir=\nΣli s zdaxel n leqahwa= Ɛli zdaxel neɣ sdaxel n lqahwa.\nIṭelli tamdit= Iṭelli tameddit .\n‘f ucetbub. (d acu-t « ’f »?) uceṭbub\na d-keččmen= a d-keccmen ( seg wemyag “kcem” urmir ussid “keccem”).\nAd yuγal tidett d amεellem =Ad yuɣal d tidet d amɛellem ( “t” n yisem mačči d “ts” akken a t-naru s snat “tt”. “tt” deg wemyag kan “ttaǧǧa” neɣ i wemqim udmawan usemmad usrid “-tt”= yura-tt.\nΣli ad ittkkemmil ‘g leqdic-is = Ɛli ad yettkemmil g leqdic-is (“’g” asekkil-a d acu-t?)\nakurras ‘g ufus-is= akerras g ufus-is ( “ ‘g” d acu-t?)\nraḥman a raḥim = rreḥman rraḥim\nciṭan = cciṭan\nAwqed ad yezwar = aweqt ad yezwir\n‘g lakksida ( d acu-t « ‘g » ?= g ). Laksida\ni illan ‘g allen-is= i yellan g wallen-is\n‘f acu= f wacu\nAgulen-a ttwakksen-d si cwiṭ-agi neɣ si kra n icerriḍen-agi kan. Yernu d asifrer kan mačči d aseɣti lqayen.\nUla a azwel n tmezgunt yezmer ahat tella deg-s tuccḍa “ cifi d taxbizt-is” ahat yeqsed-d “cifi d texbizt-is”?\nεemmi Σli s zdaxel n leqahwa ad iseffeḍ ṭabla, ad yessawal i yiman-is\nussan-ayi ilaq ad ḥerrkeγ iman-iw, ad moderniziγ cwiya lḥala. A d-aγeγ la presse. Déjà, ad tfak lqahwa ucabcaq-ayi. Sseṛwaγ-asen ttelwa i les clients. Iṭelli tamdit kan Dda Belqasem Uberjuj, meskin, fkiγ-as-d afenjal izeggen d ttelwa. yaεni gar-aneγ kan, jmiε liman ar d lqaε uḥibur-ayi. Iriklami-d meskin, nniγ-as : tayi bien dosé a Dda Belqasem, almi i k-ttḥibbiγ bacu i k-tt-id-fkiγ. Yenna-k : ad iketter rebbi lxir-ik, Wah iwacu i d-ttaseγ γur-ek. Ijγem a lxawa martayen, d amecwar meskin γ les toilettes. Yewwet azgen saεa dinna, d netta slax tbax. Ma nniγ-ak ixelleṣ, ixelleṣ. Taεebbuṭ-is tuzzel d idammen. Mačči tilaq nγiγ-t wergaz ! Netta rruḥ ‘f ucetbub. Donc la presse ayi telzem. Wamma ma rniγ-d télivision terwi. Ur ttqawamaγ ara asarbi. Idrimen a d-keččmen d ikumsen kan. Σemmi-k Σli ad yessenṣel taglimt. Ad yuγal tidett d amεellem. Ma d tura maḥla kan. aqlaγ amzun d lqahwa-nni n rriḥ.\nbesm llah raḥman a raḥim. Aεudu bi llah min ciṭan rajimin. Awqed ad yezwar le poison ayi ass-nni ad iṛuḥ d awehwah. Ma tmenεeṭ ‘g lakksida atan labas. D lbaṛud i illan ‘g allen-is. Porte malheur wah!\nYarnu rumarkkiγ-t waḥed n 2 mois, d netta a yi-d-ixelleq ‘g les poroblèmes. cukkeγ yella kra ‘f acu i idewwir. maεna nekki urεad ur yi-issin. Ḥarm n tlata fi tlata alma dewreγ-t. Ṭixr-as kan!\nmenhu ara tdewreṭ akka-yi a Σemi Σli! Awi-yaγ-d yiwet n lqahwa n lεali taberkat ashitref.\nAMAWAL UMEZGUN 1.\nAccessoire (s):\tUrmis (Urmisen)\nAccessoiristes:\tAnurmis (inurmisen)\naffiche:\tAnazal (Inuzal, Inazalen)\nAmateur\t: Amaswaḍ (Imaswaḍen)\nAnnexe: Amseglu (imsegla)\narrière scène :\tAsayes n deffir\nAssistant:\tAmallal (Imallalen)/ neɣ : s tullin\nAuteur (s):\tAmeskar/imeskaren\nAuteur dramatique:\tAmeskar n timmuga\navant-scène:\tAsayes n zdat\nbaffle de retour:\tAmsagdil n tuɣalin\nbande sonore:\tAsaru imesli\ncabine de son:\tIzeɣwi imesli\ncabine d'éclairage: Izeɣwi n wesfaw\ncafé théâtre:\tArmuy\ncentre de la scène:\ttalemmast usayes\nChants:\tCcna (Ccnawi)\nChorale\t: Talilt (Tililin)\nclassique:\tiruy, tiruyt\ncomédie\t: Tamellaɣt (Timellaɣin)\ncomédie musicale:\tTamellaɣt taẓawant\nComédien:\tAmarir (Imariren)\nCommedia dell’arte:\tCommedia dell’arte\nCostumes:\tTimelsa (Timelsiwin)\nCostumières:\ttinmelsa (tinmelsiwin)\nCoté cour:\ttama tayeffust\nCoté jardin:\ttama tazelmaṭ\ncoulisses:\tTahara (Tiharwin)\nDrame:\tTammugit (Timmuga)\nécho (pour l'acoustique):\tAɣliɣel\nEffets:\tAsemdu (Isemda)\nEngagé :\tAmugez (imugaz)\nface (faces) (projecteurs)\t: Amwali (imwaliyen)\nfond de la scène: Tasga usayes\nBleu Marron Rouge Jaune orange: Taslamut (tislamutin)\nGenre:\tTawsit (Tiwsayin)\nlatéral (latéraux) (projecteurs):\tImidis (imidisen)\nLecteur K7:\tImeɣri n tkasiḍin\nloge :\tTazdeɣt (tizedɣin)\nMasque:\tAqric (iqricen)\nMaquillage:\tAzriri (Izririten)\nMaquilleur:\tAmezriri (Imezriren)\nmeilleur :\tAmyifi\nmeilleure scénographie :\tAsensayes amyifi\nMetteur en scène:\tAsmug-asayes\nMise en scène :\tTiririt s asayes\nMusique\t: Aẓawan\nnez de scène:\tTinzert\none man show:\tYan-ahanay\nopéra:\tAdyazawan (idyazawanen)\nParterre\t/ tiɣerɣert\nPersonnage:\tAwadem (Iwudam), Amigi (Imigi)\nPersonnage (principal):\tAsaḍ/Agejdan\npièce :\tAfalu\nPodium:\tAmsaggi (imsaggiyen)\npoulailler\t: Asensi\nPoursuites (projecteurs):\tAḍafer\nProduction (s):\tAfares (ifuras)\nprojecteurs:\tImseɣseɣ (imseɣsɣen)\nprospectus:\tAselɣet (iselɣat)\nPublic:\tAzayez (Izuyaz)\nrégisseur:\tImekni (imekniyen)\nrideaux:\tAsaber (Isebran)\nrythme:\tAnya (Anyaten)\nSalle de spectacle:\tAsrir\nscène:\tAsayes (Isuyas)\nscénographie :\tAsensayes (Isensuyas)\nson:\tImesli (Imesla)\nSpectacle :\tAhanay (ihanayen)\nStroboscope (projecteurs):\tAskadazzay\nTable de mixage:\tAfelwi n wertay\nTechnicien de son:\tAtiknisyan imesli\nTexte :\tAḍris (Iḍrisen)\nthéâtre de la rue: Amezgun n webrid\ntragédie\t: Taɣsilt (tiɣsilin)\nla troupe théâtrale vous présente:\tTarbaɛt umezgun (Tirebbuyaɛ umezgun) a d-turar\n1: Amawal-a yedda-d deg wemseglu n tmezgunt " Di tmurt uεekki" n Ğamal Benεuf, tessufeγ-itt-id HCA γur teẓrigin "Oliviers". Amawal-a alammi i t-iwala Kamal N At Ẓerrad d wamek i t-id-isedda bab-is.\nAzul ay Awetniri, tanemmirt γef useγti n tseftit n wemyag "xemmem".\nLeğruḥ qqazen ḥellun, yir lehdur qqazen rennun" At zik.\nWissen ma tusiḍ-d ad tεekkiḍ fell-i neγ triḍ ad tesseḍṣeḍ deg-i taxelqit?!\nAwalen yecban "Zeεma yebγa a d-yini, Zeεma yebγa a d-yini,Zeεma yebγa a d-yini"... !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\nNekk ur d-nniγ imeslayen-agi imessasen, ur d-nniγ timeqqersa yecban tigi! Ay ameddakel, ur yessefk ara ad tessulfeḍ i yiman-ik ad tefkeḍ inumak i triḍ i imeslayen-inu neγ a ten-tesnamkeḍ akken triḍ kečč! Leḥder yelha ay ameddakel, leqder am rruḥ ma yenser iruḥ!\nAwer d-negri d aεekki neγ n tmurt uεekki! Awer nili d dderya n teḍṣa akken ad ḍṣen fell-aγ medden.\nNekk ur lliγ seg wid i tcukkeḍ, ur ttiliγ d ayen triḍ.\nNekk, akken i t-yenna akken umeskar n tmezgunt-nni Ccix-lkanun":\n"Ur lliγ d bab n wexxam\nUr ttganit sγur-i tiram\nUr lliγ d bab n lewqam\nUr ttrağut sγur-i tifrat"\nNekk akken i t-yenna akken War isem tikkelt:\n"D ameẓyan γef imeẓyanen\nD ameẓyan seddaw wulac"\nAwetniri: D aqbayli, d amsedrar, ur yelli d ayen nniḍen.\nazul ay awetniri, waqilla terfiḍ? nekk nniγ-t-id s nniyya-w, (.....) mačči s wayen nniḍen, ur xemmemeγ ar ayen n diri, s leqder-inek a gma, suref-iyi? kan, εeṭṭleγ fell-ak, i wakken a k-id ssegzuγ acu riγ ad d-inniγ, tamezwarut, atan tewwiḍ-aγ-id amaynut deg-s ad nelmed amawal γef umezgun, d ayen yelhan, d abaγur, i wid iqedcen deg umezgun, nekk s timad-iw, ur ssineγ ara awal agi afalu, armi t-id tenniḍ, deg imawalen n zik, qqaren-as taceqquft, ihi tanemmirt, ammer kan a γ-id-terrnuḍ ugar waya? ladγa, γef ussan, imḍan, akud, (timirt); ẓriγ irgazen nni i d-tuddreḍ nutni d tafat i tmaziγt, yelha wayen d-ikkan deg-sen, am Dda Σebdella, Kamal At Zerrad, Dda Ğamal , d Dda Eseεid, kečč daγ tuklaleγ asnemmer,\nIh d tidet tuklaleḍ asnemmer, nekk aql-i usmeγ seg-k ay Awetniri, seg wakken meqqret tmussni-k, tikkwal ttggammaγ a d-aruγ kra n wawalen acku tira-w ur terkkid ara akken ilaq, akken ibγu yili tteεraḍeγ tilkin-iw, ttakkeγ-d timuγliwin-iw s wayen tessaweḍ tmussni-iw(meẓẓiyet).\ni laεnayya-k ay Awetniri? ma dayen tufrar tagut, γef ayen akka i d-nettcahi, deg wesmel agi, yak s wawal, i lemden awal, mačči s tssusmi i γ-ineqqen, nekk nniγ-d, ayen ssneγ, kečč tenniḍ-d, ayen ur ssineγ,ammer d lbγi yal yiwen, ad-yawwi taγawsa yezmer akken ad tennerni Tmaziγt,\nma tsurfeḍ-iyi, γef yenzi yagi, qqaren: tewwet-d nnehta s wurfan terẓa-d ikufan, ggran-d kra di tγerγert,\nTanemmirt ay Awetniri\nCifi d texbizit-is. Tazwara ula d nekk akka i xemmeγ, Cifi akk d texbizt-is, maca nniγ-as ahat, ira a d-yini umeskar "Cifi d netta i d taxbizt-is" Wissen ?\nMa d 'f akk d 'g, i wakken kan a d-iniγ yettwakkes "γe" n γef deg 'f, yettwakkes "de" n "deg" deg 'g. Tella tukksa(élision). Maca ahat tesεiḍ lḥeq. Ad sseγtiγ ayen yeccḍen.\nTafaska tis snat n tmedyezt "Kamel Bouamara"\nDi tesdawit n Bgayet seg 22 ar 24 Yebrir, inelmaden iran ad ttekkin deg temsizzelt, ad d-awin 03 n isefra i yura s uselkim γer tansa-ya:\nAqusis ussnan Amaziγ "Tumast"\nAzadaγ 02 tazeqqa 03 Abudaw, Tasdawit n Bgayet, qbel n 15 yebrir 2008.\nafalu umezgun agi, γur-s anamek d ameqqran, ammer d lebγi, afalu yagi a t-urraren akkmani di tmurt, ama di tuddar, ama di temdinin, uwla di tmeγriwin, menttif, tafalut umezgun, wala disk jukki nni, yeserwalen lγaci, armi, uγalent tmeγriwin d timesasin, yernu tadyant agi n wesmekti 54 d amezruy nneγ, γef lqahwa yagi n εemmi Σli, acimi Ssi Σacur, yebγa as-tt-yawwi, yak d tissit kan i itess deg-s! maca , Cifi:\nyeḥder imi d-yeγli yiṭ\nccer d usemmiṭ\nd ifadden uceṭṭiṭ\nur nesεi dacu ara nexdem;\ntanemmirt a wid i tt-yuran d wid i tt-yetturaren, M.A.\nAmγar - Tinin-is...\nTanemmirt tameqqrant i watmaten-agi-nneγ i yessremden askasi-ya, ladγa win d-yessersen ayen d-yessuqel umeddakel-nneγ Σumar Mufuq; d acu kan wehmeγ amek ur d-yebdi ara awal-is s " sslam n Rebbi fell-awen" am tannumi. Aya d tamawt kan, yernu d anecreḥ daγen. Tamawt-nniḍen γef wesmel n tiddukla Imedyazen ass amezwaru ( tura ur ẓriγ ma mazal aya?!) yebda s wawal-a " S yisem n Weḥnin". Yelha s waṭas wannect-a, acku ṭṭuqqten nezzeh leqbayel inselmen i ur nufi iman-nsen anda-nniḍen. Azul d tnemmirt i imeddakal-nneγ n tiddukla Imedyazen n Dzayer tamaneγt, ladγa Ḥamid d Ḥsen Ubaγa, Σumar Mufuq, Nadya Yermec... a yi-yessurfen wid ur d-bdireγ ara.\nA γ-yawi Rebbi d webrid n lewqam a tarwa. Amin!\nUr yelli i yellan gar-aneγ a Muhabdiki, εad ayen i γ-yezdin yugar kra yellan d "timeqlac" akken i iḥemmel a d-yini gma-tneγ Yidir Ḥmed Zayed. Kečč tenniḍ-d, nekk rriγ-ak-n daya. Tegnewt zegzawet, itran ttfeğğiğen... Γas kkes aγbel a Muḥabdiki.\nTanemmirt a (dda!) Ḥemmu kan.\nTanemmirt i wid d tid yeqqaren ayen d-nettaru.\nulac aγilif Awetniri, nekk daγen ḥemmleγ wid yettarun,\nyeqqaren Tamaziγt akk d wid yettnadin fell-as, uwla s webrid agi i d-yudder, gma-tneγ Amγar, acimi ala, yak wiyaḍ, s yes-s, illa, γ-kkaten, acu kan ilaq d awal Amaziγ ara neseqdac! a γ-yawi Yakuc d webrid lewqama a tarwa, azul n yakuc fell awen, tamayt i yakuc, atg.. yak tura leqran tella tsuqelt-is ar Tmaziγt, llant waqila kraḍ, ẓriγ, tin n Dda Remḍan At Mensur, d tin n Kamal Nait Zerrad, tagi n K.N.Z. tefkka yas abaγur i wawal nneγ, ma d tagi, n R.A.M. ur d-teṭaxer ara aṭas di Taεrabt,\nA limmer a ttwalim imennuγen yettnekkaren ger yeqbayliyen inselmen d wid ur nettamen ara neγ wid yellan mgal tineslemt di internet, d ayen isewhamen!!! Wa yeqqar i wa d " nekk i d aqbayli n tidet", " kečč d aεrab ", " kečč d akafriw " wa ireggem wa, ur ẓriγ ara yella tegrem tamawt γer waya ?\nsurfem-iyi ccḍeγ, riγ a d-inniγ, (talwit n yakuc yid-wen, neγ fell awen) azul agi, γur-s anamek nniḍen;\nd tidet, ẓriγ ay Ayirat, tilaq mačči s Taεrabt ara neqqar leqran, a t-neqqar s Tamaziγt, daγen s-yis ara nettẓala, lğameε,neγ ligliz ad uγalen d ayla nneγ, mačči am tura;\nIhi nekk m'ur ttamneγ ara s Yakuc, d war-ddin (athé), amek ara yi-semmin s teqbaylit?\nteεuddeḍ-as widen akk yettmeslayen γef usγan, ttamnen?, awah! nekkni s Imaziγen, ladγa Leqbayel, llan deg-nneγ, wid ur nettamen ara, llan daγen Imasiḥiyen, Inselmen, udayen, maca yelha ledder gar-aneγ, yak nekkni s Leqbayel d ilakiyen? nezmer ma neddukel ad nmagger ciṭ, γef tmeslayt nneγ ur ttmesun ara,\nacku, tura terwi fell-aneγ, εewwelen-d af yedles nneγ, nutni tameslayt nsen kan, tineslemt nsen kan, tiyiḍ akk ilaqq ur ttillin ara;\nriγ ad-iniγ "leqdder" sshiγ targat "q"; ttuγ daγen aseqsi-nni-inek ay Ayirat, tilaq win ara yillin d aselway, ur yettamen ara s iḥeckkulen agi, aten-yeğğ kan i wegdud, mačči am wagi n Lalğiri yettmili kan ar yiwet tama,\nMennad ẓriγ-t yiwet n tikkelt, walaγ-t d amdan iran ad yeg aṭas i yidles aqbayli, yella iqeddec di brtv, wissen ma mazal-it dinna?\nMačči da i bγiγ a d-aruγ awennit-a, uwsawen! surfet-iyi.\nnek ur γriγ ara tulizt agi inek maca ijebed iyi d lwelha umawal id tsedaḍ da , ihi bγiγ kan akka s lemγawla ,imi greγ tamawt, tenniḍ ed "retraité= anestaγ" riγ kan aγ d tinniḍ ansi id tekseḍ awal agi ma yella d keč i t id yesnulfan ? inni d anta taγessa γef wacu i ttebniḍ, imi aεmer mezdad yura daγen deg wedlis ines " ass-nni" "tirura=retraite", ur ẓriγ ansi id kan i sin wawalen agi; bγiγ ad ḥsuγ ansi id yekka xersum yiwen deg sen tanemmirt.\nsmail abid - Tinin-is...\nIεejbiyi aṭas akka uskasi-ayi i yeḍran akk-a i d-yezzin i tmezgunt-a.\nSarameγ daγen, lemmer d lebγi, ilaq imḍebren n wesmil-a ur tettun ara ad adren ameskar-is.\natentta kra n isallen fell-as\nAzwel-is n tilawt: Tagut i yγummen tafsut\nAmeskar: Laḥsen Bussaεud\ntamezgunt-a tettwurar di tikkelt tamenzut di taddart n Tiwal (Taγiwant n At Maεuc Bgayet), s ddaw laεnaya n tiddukla timettit-tadelsant Tiγri n Tiwal, ilmend n usmekti n wis 44 n timunent n tmurt n Lezzayer.\nIsegbaren-is d wid yuklalen ad ten-snimmreγ γef twuri-nsen, i wid daγen i wumi sarameγ tabγest


Q=6	C=4	SS=2	LS=0	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=0	G0=35	G1=7	G2=1	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Kahin d Habil\nAmezwaru n dderya i d-ilulen di ddunit, d aqcic. Adem d Ḥewwa, imawlan-is, semman-as Kahin. Kra n lweqt ɣer zdat, ilul-d weqcic nniḍen di twacult-agi tamezwarut. Aqcic-agi i d-yernan ittusemma Habil.\nAkken llan ttimɣuren, sin n watmaten-agi, yal yiwen d ccɣel yeḍfar. Habil yella ikess ulli n baba-s. Yettawi-ten deg almaten yelhan, anda llan waman. Yettɛassa-ten daɣen seg iɣersiwen. Kahin, netta, iḥemmel ad ixeddem akal. Izerreɛ imegger.\nLxedma-nsen temxallaf, d acu kan di sin yid-sen, sɛan taflest deg Illu n tidett. Yusa-d lweqt i deg ara qeddmen asfel i Yillu. Yal yiwen yextaṛ ssenf n lweɛda ara yqeddem i Ṛebbi. Kahin yewwi-yas-d si lɣella n wakal-nn i i yxeddem. Tukci n Habil temxallaf. Iddem-d yiwen seg imenza n tejlibt, yezla-t, iqeddem-it i Yillu.\nYura deg Adlis: " Yeqbel Yillu Habil d lweɛda-ines, lameɛna ur yerri ara ddehn-is ɣer Kahin d lweɛda-ines ". Yerfa Kahin, yeččuṛ d tismin, imi yeqbel Yillu izimer i yqeddem gma-s Habil, yerna yuggi lweɛda-nni n lɣella n wakal. Yehmel dɣa yenɣa gma-s. D tamgeṛt tamezwarut.\nYerfa Yillu mgal Kahin. Axaṭer yenɣa Habil. Imerret-it Yillu s leqseḥ. Issers-d fell-as abxas i lmend ubekkaḍ-nni yexdem. Seg uḍlib-nni yexdem, yettumerret tudert-is meṛṛa, yettwaqecceɛ-d si talit n Ṛebbi. Akal-nni i deg ixeddem, yuqel ur d-yettak ara lɣella. Netta, iteddu yettmenṭar di lqaɛa tudert-is meṛṛa. Ddnub yettawi-d beṭṭu aked Yillu.\nAm Kahin am Habil, yal yiwen yumen s Ṛebbi. D acu kan d yiwen kan deg atmaten-agi i d-yettwaqeblen. Yura deg Adlis : " s liman i yqeddem Habil asfel i Ṛebbi, azal-is uger n win i yeqeddem Kahin ". Asfel n Habil, ibeggen-d taflest-is di ṛṛeḥma n Yillu. Ur teqqim ara kan ma numen s yiwen n Ṛebbi. Mačči kan imi ɣur-neɣ lebɣi a neɛbed Ṛebbi, a s-nmud si lxedma n ifassen-nneɣ, si lecɣal-nneɣ yelhan. Ayen yesɛan azal, d talit n wul. Am Habil, ilaq a nqeṛṛeb ɣer Yillu s ṣṣfa n wul s wannuz. Asfel ara nmudd i Yillu, ad yili d win akken yettraju deg-neɣ.\nLweɛda n Habil deg-s asfel n izimer i wumi uzlen idammen. Asfel-agi d amezwaru akk di ddunit, deg ayen d-yumeṛ Yillu, alamma d yusa ɣer ddunit "Win" akken i wumi qqarent Tira " Izimer n Ṛebbi ", yettuhegga-d, d win akken ara yilin d asfel, yiwet n tikelt, i leɛfu n ibekkaḍen-nneɣ.\nD acu-t ihi, i nekni ass-agi, usfel ara yeqbel Yillu ? Amek ara naff ṛṛeḥma d leɛfu zdat Yillu ? Kemlet ihi taɣuri n temsirin i d-iteddun, ad temlilem tirirrit i tuttriwin-agi !\nUqbel ad tekmlem di tɣuri, arret-d i umesteqsi 3\n1 Habil yella yumen:


Q=4	C=2	SS=0	LS=1	PS=0	DC=0	LC=0	SD=0	BS=5	G0=211	G1=181	G2=96	DLID=ber_Latn	BODY=Taghmist n Tiddukla - Utt'un 15\n(ddur't n 6 Ghuct gher 12 Ctember' 2003)\nAsalu ay d-rz'an Yimazighen n tira azal n mya n yiseggasen aya wissen ahat ma ad ikemmel u ad yawed' s iswi-s negh ad d-yawed' wass i deg ara nebru s tidet i tt'bel deg waman. Seg wasmi ay nebda nettaru tamazight di tallit tamirant (époque contemporaine), at'as n yih'urifen ay nga gher sdat. Mbeâd ma nella nettaru-tt kan i lmend n tmusni d tezrawin tussnanin (études scientifiques), nughal nettaru-tt i lmend n weh'raz-yines akk d usuter n tnettit-nnegh (identité) di tlemmast n lqern wis 20. Mbeâd ma nekka-d ghef tallit n weqmar aberkan i deg yegdel (interdit) ad d-nessuffegh adlis yuran s tutlayt-nnegh di tmura-nnegh, ass-a nughal nessuffugh-d idlisen yernu ttnuzun di yal amkan, slid di Libya, anda ay mazal ttidiren watmaten-nnegh s ddaw n tecd'ad't n lbat'el aberkan. D acu kan, aql-agh nettwali digh d akken amussu amazigh deg wayen yerzan tutlayt atan kan a iteddu s leâqel, s taz'eyt d tameqqrant. Di lweqt i deg ay d-nelha d usuter n westeâr'ef s tmazight di tsuda (institutions) n tmura-nnegh, nezmer ad d-nini d akken tighawsiwin yerzan tutlayt sâant at'as ayakka seg wasmi ur ddint ara, anda akken tufeg ay ters. Xas ma yella ilindi yesteâr'ef unabad' azayri s tutlayt tamazight d tutlayt taghelnawt, acemma n wejdid ur d-yennulfa. Ldzayer mazal-itt ttezzi, ttenned' di leqdicat-nni-yines n "sufella", n tkellax. Ma d agdud, amzun yettwali d akken frant temsal, tura iferr'edj-d R'ebbi ghef tmazight, ur d-mazal ad tt-yagh wacemma ... syad d tasawent "ad ughalen ad tt-qqaren warrac deg ugherbaz", ma d ayen nnid'en ur yelli fell-as uxemmem. Tugh, ula d taghuri-nni ara tt-ghren deg ugherbaz ulac-itt yernu wissen ma ad tili di yal amkan yernu akken ilaq, nnig waya, timsal maci ala kan deg wanect-a ay h'ebsent. Yugh lh'al mazal xuss'ent at'as n tghawsiwin di tmazight yernu amussu adelsan yettban-d amzun yefcel, maci d win n zik, ghur-s tura azal n sin n yiseggasen seg wasmi ur a ixeddem acemma. Anda-tt tmazight di ttawilat n teghwalt (communications) ? Anda-tent tesghunin am tid-n akken n zik s tmazight ? Anda-ten yiseghz'anen (logiciels) am wid-n akken ay nugh tanumi nsell yis-sen zik-nni ? Anda-ten yemd'iqen imaynuten yesseqdacen tamazight negh qeddcen fell-as ? Anda-t usseqdec n teknussniwin (technologies) timaynutin (CD-Rom, tisfifin, VHS, atg.) i lmend n usselmed n tmazight ? Aql-agh ihi nettwali d akken akud atan yettâeddi, zzman atan yettazzal, yernu nekni ur nfur'es tagnit ad nesseqdec ayen yellan ass-a i lmend n wesnerni n tmazight. Yugh lh'al, yeqqar-as yiwen n wanzi ghur-negh : "ddunit h'ed ur tt-iqd'iâ, nettat ur ter'dji w'iâyan". Ula d nekni ass-a, yal ddqiqa, yal ass, yal aseggas ara ner'dju, ara nd'eggeâ, aql-agh ad as-nettd'eggiâ tazmert-is i tmazight, aql-agh ad as-d-nesseâjal tamattant-is. Di ddunit n wass-a i deg yettazzal kulci, ma nuzzel wissen ma ad neqd'eâ, ma neqqim ad agh-d-ddjen gher deffir, d acu kan, ma neqqim deg yiwen kan wemkan, skud ttaddjan-agh wiyad', ttbaâaden fell-anegh, skud nekni nettughal gher deffir, ula d ayen akken nexdem zik-nni ad t-nhudd. Ma ikemmel umussu adelsan amazigh di tguni-yagi ay d-yewwi, aql-agh a nteddu akken ad nughal gher yiwet n tallit yecban tin akken lbat'el i deg ur yelli wacemma, d acu kan, ass-a ulac lbat'el. Lemmer di yelli ttawil-agi yellan ass-a di tallit n Mohamed Haroun ad fell-as yeâfu R'ebbi, tili netta akk d terbaât-is ad ilin xedmen leâdjeb i tutlayt-nnegh. D acu kan, irden ttaken-ten i yir tughmas. Tallit-nni i deg ur yelli wacemma, d lbat'el ay sen-tt-ikksen, wanag lebghi yettcur' ulawen, wanag ass-a, mi akka ay tufrar tagut yernu yella ttawil, yughal ur yelli lebghi deg wulawen ... i tgara amek ara tili ? Tugh amezruy maci ala kan d nekni ay yellan deg-s, wanag llant at'as n tutlayin ay iâerd'en ad d-flalint, d acu kan, imi ur sâint ara zzher', ur z'wiren ara yimawlan-nsent, ughalent ghlint di tillas n tutut, kra deg-sent negrent, ma d tiyad' atenti d tineggura ger tutlayin. Akka ula d nekni, xas at'as aya seg wasmi ara nekkat tt'bel, yezmer ad d-yawed' wass i deg kulci ad issusem. Akka ay ssusmen wid d tid iqeddcen deg umussu adelsan n tutlayt-nnegh, akka ay ssusmen yimassanen-nnegh yettmeslayen dima s tefr'ensist, ma d tamazight wissen d acu ay d as-d-ssukksen, akka ay ssusmen tura ula d iz'awaliyen-nnegh ay yettmeslayen s taâr'abt i yigerdan-nsen ma d tutlayt n lejdud ddjan-tt ... akka ara yessusem yiwwas ula d asuter n tmazight, ula d leqdic ghef tutlayt, yernu ad d-qqimen kan yismawen n kra, ad ten-id-yettmektay umezruy. Ma yewwed'-d wass am wass-n -ncalleh awer d-yawed'-, fih'el ma nkemmel a nxeddem am wass-a, yal tikkelt i deg ara d-yawed' 20 Yebrid, ad d-nemmekti Dda Lmulud d wiyad', imi ma tenger tmazight s ufus-nnegh, ilaq ad nz'er d akken asad'en-agi-nnegh (héros) nhudd-asen akk asirem-nsen yernu nd'egger leqdic-nsen s ighzer. D acu ay d-mazal ad t-id-nemmeslay ghef Dda Lmulud, ad fell-as yeâfu R'ebbi, ma yella tutlayt-nni i yes d-ikker, tin akken i ghef inud'eh' ur tt-mazal ara ?\nAmezruy n ussider n tutlayt tirlandit di lgherba\nSghur Gillian M. Smith\n[Aqeddem : mbeâd ma nez'ra-d, deg wutt'un wis 5 n weghmis-nnegh amek tagnit i deg tella tirlandit di tmurt-is tanes'lit, tigduda n Irland, nefren-d ass-a ad'ris d amaynut ghef tutlayt-a, d win ay d-yettmeslayen ghef leqdic ay xedmen yeghriben Irlandiyen, xas akken r'wan lh'if, akken ad d-ssidren iles-nsen anes'li deg yiwet n tmurt n lgherba i deg yexled' kulci, Iwunak Yedduklen n Temrikt (USA). Di lqern wis 19, asmi ay d-tewwet yiwet n twaghit tameqqrant n laz' di tegzirt n Irland, unagen wat'as n Yirlandiyen si tmurt-nsen gher Temrikt akken ad nadin tudert yifen tin n tmurt-nsen, d acu kan, asmi ay wwd'en gher din, ufan tamurt d tin yesâan tutlayt idjehden yernu llan at'as n wid ay ten-ih'eqren yernu ker'hen-ten dinna. Xas akken tutlayt-nsen ur ughen ara tanumi ttarun-tt ula di tmurt-nsen, llan kra deg-sen asmi ay wwd'en gher lgherba, yeqreh'-iten wul-nsen ad walin tutlayt-nsen tettmettat, dgha bdan leqdic akken ilaq akken ad tt-arun, ad tt-slemden u ad tt-id-ssidren. D acu kan, amussu-nsen n ussider at'as n wuguren ay d-yemlal ama seg yidis n tegnit yellan di Temrikt, ama seg yidis n Yirlandiyen, imi at'as deg-sen llan h'eqren tutlayt-nsen yernu ur d-cliâen ara seg usider-yines. Tidet nettat d akken cciâa ay tesâa teglizit, imi d nettat ay d tutlayt n weghrum, akk d lqella n cci n Yirlandiyen, teddja at'as seg-sen ad smenyafen ad ttmeslayen u ad sselmaden i warraw-nsen taglizit, ma d tutlayt-nsen fkan fell-as afus gher wegrireb. Dgha xas ma yella yewwed' umussu n ussider n tirlandit di Temrikt alammi d asmi ay yugar win n ussider-yines di Irland, maca adennit yewwed'-d wass i deg yeghli tt'bel s aman, yeh'bes leqdic, yenneqd'eâ, ur d-iddji later', yernu nessaram d akken anect-a ur d as-id'erru ara i tutlayt-nnegh ncalleh. Ma d ad'ris wis sin, nerna-t-id i lmend n tmusni n tegnit is'eâben i deg llan ttidiren Yirlandiyen di Temrikt. Agdud-agi n yifellah'en akk d yimeksawen yettidiren di tegzirt n Irland, si zik ay ten-h'eqren wid ay d-yusan ad asen-kksen tamurt-nsen. Ad asen-akren ayla-nsen yernu ad ten-ker'hen ... akka ay td'erru di ddunit-agi n lbat'el, d win yekkaten ay yettxaqen. Asmi ay wwd'en Yirlandiyen gher Temrikt, anda ay d'emâen ad faken lh'if ghef yiman-nsen, ufan-n tagnit tes'âeb ugar, imi tah'eqranit-nni ay ten-h'eqren di tmurt-nsen ted'fer-iten alammi d Amd'al Amaynut (Nouveau Monde), yernu dinna, di lgherba, anda ur sâin imawlan, ssuffghen-d deg-sen Yimarikaniyen tiqqid't n wefwad-nsen, ulac tin ur sâeddan ara fell-asen. Amagrad-agi wis sin d win ara d agh-iâiwnen ad nefhem ugar amezwaru-yagi. Nessaram-awen afud igerrzen].\nTamsalt n tutlayt tirlandit di Temrikt qqnen fell-as allen wid yettarun amezruy yernu ulac kra n leqdic n unadi ilelli ay yettwaxedmen i lmend n tmusni n wayen i s-yed'ran i tirlandit di tmurt-agi n lgherba, xas ma ulamma yella ttbut d akken atas' seg yiminigen ay yellan ttr'uh'un zik gher Temrikt d wid yessnen ad mmeslayen tirlandit. Yugh lh'al, ur nez'ri acemma ghef wayen ay d asen-yed'ran i yiminigen-agi asmi ay wwd'en gher Temrikt. D acu kan, nez'ra d akken tasuta (ldjil) tis snat n yiminigen-agi [arraw n yiminigen ay d-yekkren di Temrikt] d tin yeddjan tirlandit yernu d taglizit kan ay tughal tettmeslay. Ma yella d anect yellan ttmeslayen tirlandit ger n yiminigen, amek ay llan ttwalin tutlayt-nsen di lgherba akk d ssebbat ay ten-yessawd'en ad ddjen tutlayt-nsen ur nufi fell-as acemma deg wayen yuran.\nAddunen (recensements) n lqern wis 19 ay nufa maci d addunen ikemlen yernu ur d agh-d-fkin ara isallen ghef wayen i s-yed'ran i tutlayt tirlandit deg Yiwunak Yedduklen (USA). D acu kan, llant kra n teghbula (sources) ay d-yesskanen d akken tirlandit tkemmel tedder, xas akken tedreg, deg yilsawen n yiminigen yernu tewwed' alammi ay d-teffegh gher ledjher' u yezreâ umussu n ussider-yines di tmurt n Temrikt merr'a. Akemmel-agi n usseqdec n tirlandit ula di Temrikt sskanent-t-id at'as n tghawsiwin yuran ay d-ddjan yemdanen n tallit-nni, am yeghmisen udmawanen (journaux personnels), tibratin ay myuran medden akk d tghemmar (rubriques) yuran s tirlandit deg yeghmisen n Yirlandiyen yettidiren di Temrikt, am wakken ay d-ffghen digh ula d ighmisen yuran s snat n tutlayin, tirlandit akk d teglizit. Yernu ayen d-uran wid ih'edr'en i tallit-nni yessed'her-d digh citt' n tafat ghef wemd'al-nni (ddunit) yeffren n yiminigen irlandiyen yettmeslayen tutlayt-nsen akk d wid ay yewwten akken ad tt-id-ssidren. Amagrad-agi ad d-yemmeslay ghef umezruy n tutlayt tirlandit ghur Yirlandiyen ighriben yeddren di Temrikt.\nAyen d-bedrent teftarin* ghef temsalt-a :\n*tafrat (tiftarin) : document\nXas ma yella d imelyunen n yiminigen irlandiyen ay yunagen gher Yiwunak Yedduklen, ulac at'as ay yuran fell-asen deg umezruy. Tiftarin ay d-ibedren tirlandit ur s-fkint azal meqqren. Nnig waya, at'as n teftarin i deg ay d-ggaren tamawt d akken Irlandiyen llan ifen iminigen iberr'aniyen nnid'en imi nitni llan ssnen taglizit. Adlis n "Tutlayt Tirlandit deg Yiwunak Yedduklen" ay d-yeffghen di tez'rigin n T.W. Idhe*, d adlis ay inefâen at'as leqdic ghef unadi-yagi, yernu amur meqqren deg wayen d-yettwabedren deg-s yettwakkes-d seg yimagraden n wedlis-agi. [Callahan, Joseph. The Irish Language in the United States, in T.W. Idhe (ed) Bergin and Garvey. 1994]. Menghir adlis-agi, ur ufigh ara at'as n tghawsiwin nnid'en yernu citt'-nni ay ufigh, yebder-d kan citt'ah' n tghawsiwin, d aâeddi kan, ghef tutlayt tirlandit deg Yiwunak Yedduklen. Dgha isallen ay d-yefka wedlis-agi ay d-nebder d agerruj ur t-nufi anda nnid'en yernu yis-s ay ssawd'egh ad d-gegh anadi-yagi.\nDeg unadi ay d-yura Fishman ghef tutlayin ay sseqdacen deg Yiwunak Yedduklen, "Language Loyalty in U.S.", ur d-yebdir ara gar-sent tutlayt tirlandit. H. Kloss yemmeslay-d si tama-s, ghef "tdersiyin (minortités) yettmeslayen tutlayin tiberr'aniyin (d acu kan, ur d-yebdir ara tirlandit). O'Brian akk d W.F. Adams mmeslayen-d kan citt'ah' ghef trebbaât-nni n yiminigen yettmeslayen tirlandit yernu ur fkin ara azal i umezruy n yiminigen irlandiyen di Temrikt. G. McWiney yewwet-d deg yenmezrayen (historiens) n Wenz'ul [n Yiwunak Yedduklen] imi ay qqnen allen-nsen ghef wayen d-yewwi yedles aselti (celtique) gher Temrikt, ama d idles irlandi negh d wid n Yikusiyen akk d Yigaliyen (Gallois/Welsh), d acu kan, ula d netta ur d-yebdir ara tutlayt tirlandit. E. Hutson yenna-d d akken ger n yiminigen ay d-yusan gher Yiwunak Yedduklen, "Irlandiyen llan seg wid yettmeslayen merr'a taglizit". Ma d T. McAvoy yenna-d d akken "Irlandiyen ay d-yusan gher Temrikt wwin-d kan si tmurt-nsen citt'ah mad'i seg yedles-nsen akk d wansayen-nsen (traditions)" yernu yerna-d N. Glazer akk d D.P. Moynihan deg wawal-is imi ula d nitni gren digh tamawt d akken "ifellah'en [irlandiyen] ay yellan ttenghalen-d gher Temrikt wwin-d kan citt'ah' seg yedles-nsen irlandi".\nImi ay ulac at'as n Yirlandiyen ay yeghran tutlayt tirlandit, nezmer ad d-nini d akken iminigen llan ttaddjan tutlayt-nsen akken kan ara d-awd'en gher Temrikt. D acu kan, tugna-yagi (image) tettban-d d tah'erfit (simple) s wat'as yernu ur tefki ara azal i wid ay ikemmlen ttmeslayen tirlandit xas âett'len di Temrikt akk d wid yewwten akken ad tt-id-ssidren.\nAnda ay llan ttidiren yiminigen :\nUqbel ma yewwet-d Laz' ameqqran ghef Irland, at'as n Yirlandiyen yettmeslayen kan taglizit negh wid yettmeslayen taglizit d tirlandit ay yunagen gher Temrikt. Wigi kkan-d si tmiwa n wegmud' (ccerq) akk d tlemmast n Irland. Seg wasmi ay iâedda Laz'-nni d asawen, tuget deg yiminigen irlandiyen ughalen d wid ay d-itekken seg wetram (lgherb) n Irland akk d tama n Munster. Yugh lh'al, timiwa-yagi ibeâden llant d tid i deg yufa mlih' iman-is yedles irlandi.\nTimiwa n Munster akk d Connaught, di Irland, d tid i deg amur meqqren deg yimezdaghen llan d tirlandit ay llan ttmeslayen, yernu 50% seg yiminigen ay ir'uh'en gher Temrikt ghef idra n Laz'-nni d wid ay d-yekkan si tmiwa-yagi. Ur nezmir ara ad nz'er dgha swaswa kan ach'al n Yirlandiyen yettmeslayen tirlandit ay ir'uh'en si yal akunti (comté) di Irland. D acu kan, ma nedjâel-as d akken azgen seg yiminigen ir'uh'en si Munster akk d Connaught llan seg wid yettmeslayen tirlandit, akk d wazal n 5% seg yiminigen n yikuntiyen nnid'en ay yettmeslayen digh tutlayt-a, dgha nezmer ad naf d akken azal n wezgen n umelyun seg yiminigen ay yesserwel Laz' si Irland ay yellan ttmeslayen tirlandit, meh'sub d tis tlata seg wakk iminigen-nni ay yesserwel Laz'.\nAsmi ay iâedda Laz', akken yella yinig di tallit-nni n Laz' ay ikemmel, tuget deg wid yellan ttr'uh'un gher Temrikt tekken-d si tmiwa tigellilin akk n Wetram n Irland. Di 1891, llan mazal ssawalen tirlandit di âecr'a n yikuntiyen, i deg azal ger n 10% d 60% n yimezdaghen llan sseqdacen tirlandit. Si 1856 alamma d 1880, 44% seg yiminigen yunagen gher Temrikt kkan-d seg yikuntiyen-nni. Ma ger n yiseggasen n 1881 d 1890, wwd'en yiminigen ay d-yekkan seg yikuntiyen-agi gher 55% seg yiminigen Irlandiyen yettazgaren agaraw (océan). Si 1891 gher 1910, azal n tis r'ebâa n yiminigen Irlandiyen ir'uh'en gher Temrikt kkan-d seg yikuntiyen-nni yesâan at'as n yemdanen yettmeslayen tirlandit. Dgha anect-a yesskan-d d akken imsiwlen n tirlandit llan ttasen-d gher Temrikt s wat'as di tallit-nni ay d-id'efren Laz' ameqqran n Irland.\nTtbut ghef ukemmel n usseqdec n tirlandit deg Yiwunak Yedduklen :\nTirlandit ur tughal ara d tutlayt yesseqdac wegdud irlandi di Temrikt akken ay llant tutlayin nnid'en n lgherba. D acu kan, yella wayen ay d-yesskanen d akken tirlandit ur tengir ara mad'i wanag tella tettidir tedreg gher kra n medden. At'as n teftarin yuran ay d-ibedren d akken llant kra n twaculin akk d trebbaâ ay ikemmlen sseqdacent tirlandit mbeâd ma wwd'ent-d gher Temrikt. Dgha nezmer ad naf isallen ghef trebbaâ iâezlen yettmeslayen tirlandit ama deg yeghmisen, ama di tsufagh (publications) yuran s tirlandit, ama di tebratin negh deg yeghmisen udmawanen, ama deg wayen d-uran yemrabd'en n Yir'umyen ay yellan sseqdacen tirlandit di teklizt (église). Anect-a akk yesskan-d d akken tirlandit tella mazal-itt d tutlayt tamuddirt ghut wat'as n yiminigen.\nDgha nettwali d akken ilaq ad d-nefk kra n yimedyaten (exemples) ibanen akken ad d-nessken anect-a akken ilaq. Di 1852, asertay (politicien) n New York, David Nagle ay d-ilulen di Irland, yessemter-asen (yens'eh') i yimeqqranen n ukabar-yines ad asen-ttaznen i Yirlandiyen ay bghan ad ten-fernen (voter) "irgazen ay ifehhmen tutlayt tirlandit yernu ttmeslayen-tt mlih', imi d tin ay d tutlayt ay fehhmen mlih' yernu d tin i yes nezmer ad nh'az ulawen n Yirlandiyen. Tugh, tutlayt-a fkan-as azal meqqren Yikat'uliyen* (catholiques) ay izedghen deg Yiwunak (Etats) [imarikaniyen] n wegmud' (ccerq) akk d tlemmast".\n[Tuget tameqqrant deg Yirlandiyen d Ikat'uliyen, di lweqt i deg amur meqqren seg Yegliziyen akk d Yimarikaniyen at las'el aglizi d ipr'utistaniyen].\nLlant at'as n teftarin ay d-ibedren d akken llan yemrabd'en n Yir'umyen ay yellan sseqdacen tirlandit akk d wid ay d-yettasen gher teklizin-nsen. Taklizt [takat'ulit] s yisem-is d tasudut (institution) werdjin tesnerna ifadden i useqdec n tutlayt tirlandit negh teqbel anect-a. D acu kan, tiftarin ay d-ibedren d akken llan yemrabd'en n Yir'umyen yesseqdacen tirlandit di teklizit, sskanent-d d akken kra n trebbaâ n Yirlandiyen n Temrikt llant h'wadjent amrabed' ara izemren ad isel i uqirri-nsent (confession) s tutlayt-nsent tayemmat. Ulac ccek d akken iminigen-agi Irlandiyen llan ssnen citt' n teglizit akken ad zemren ad afen leqdic, d acu kan, tamusni ay ssnen tutlayt-a ur tgerrez ara alamma ara zemren ad mmeslayen yis-s i R'ebbi. Dgha d tirlandit ay llan sseqdacen i waya.\nYiwen n umaru n tallit-nni, I.D. Rupp, yura-d d akken di trebbaâ tirlandiyin n yikuntiyen n Schuylkil akk d Carbon, di Pennsylvania, [deg Yiwunak Yedduklen], "amur meqqren di medden d Ikat'uliyen, yernu sâan imrabd'en ay sen-yettmeslayen s tutlayt tirlandit, yugh lh'al d tin ay d tutlayt ay tettmeslay tuget deg yiqeddacen". John Neumann ay yellan d abesku (évêque) n Philadelphia si 1851 gher 1860, yernu d amesnilsi (linguiste) almani, yufa d akken ilaq fell-as ad yelmed tirlandit akken ad yemmeslay akk d wid ay d-yettasen gher teklizt-is. Abesku n temdint n Charleston, John England, ay yemmuten deg useggas n 1842, las'el-is si temdint n Cork, di Irland yernu asmi yella iqeddec di Temrikt, yefka-yas azal meqqren i tutlayt yernu yella yettwali d akken Irlandiyen ay d-yekkren yis-s ttalasen ad asen-mmeslayen yemrabd'en n Yir'umyen s tutlayt-nsen di yal amkan i deg yezmer ad yettwaxdem waya. Deg yiwet n tebrat ay s-yura i O'Connell, yenna-yas : "âni yed'lem ufellah' irlandi ... ma yesmenyaf tutlayt n lejdud-is ghef tin n wid ay t-iqemren (opprimer) ?". Di 1851, amseghdad (missionnaire) Andrew Talty ay d-ilulen di Clare, mbeâd ma yeqdec akk d yibennayen di Virginia Tutrimt (tagherbit), yessemter-as (yens'eh') i yemd'ebber n ugherbaz i deg yeghra di Dublin (di Irland) akken ad yecred' "si yal amrabed' ara d-yasen gher tmurt-a (Tamrikt) ad yelmed citt' n tirlandit ... yernu wid yessnen seg-s yagi citt'ah', ad âerd'en ad cfun fell-as mlih'".\nAssider n tirlandit di lgherba :\nDeg wezgen wis sin n lqern wis tseât'ac, bdan xeddmen Yirlandiyen ussisen (efforts) akken ad as-gen leqrar i tutlayt-nsen di Temrikt. J.D. Beunker, N.C. Burckel, R.W. Lubomyr akk d A.T. Wynar ur d-bdiren ara akk tirlandit deg wayen d-jemâen d isallen ghef yeghmisen akk d tesghuni ay d-ssuffughen yegduden yettidiren deg Yiwunak Yedduklen. D acu kan, seg yiseggasen n 1850 d asawen, bdan a d-teffghen yimagraden s tirlandit deg yeghmisen ay tt'fen Yirlandiyen yettidiren di Temrikt, asmi ay bdant a d-ttawd'ent lmujat timezwura n yiminigen-nni yent'erren si Laz' Ameqqran. D aghmis n The Irish American ay d amenzu ay yebdan yessuffugh-d tighawsiwin yuran s tirlandit di teghmert-is (rubrique) n tutlayt. Sakin, ughalen yeghmisen nnid'en am The American Celt (n Saint Louis), The Citizen (n Chicago) akk d The Irish Echo (n Boston) si ger yeghmisen ay d-yessuffughen digh imagraden s tirlandit. Anect-a yessawed' alammi ay d-ttusbedden ula d igezda (départements) n tutlayt tirlandit di tesdawiyin timarikaniyin deg yiseggasen n 1880, ma di 1888, tebder-d yiwet n tesghunt d akken llan 44 n yeghmisen ay yettekkan deg wesnerni n tirlandit di Temrikt merr'a.\nImir-n tebda tesdawit teggar tamawt i wanect-a, yernu deg yiwen webrid fkan yemnuda (chercheurs) azal i unadi ghef tutlayin akk d yidelsan iseltiyen (celtes) u di 1895 yettusebded-d yiwen n ugezu di tesdawit takat'ulit n Washington i lmend n waya. Kra seg wudmawen imeqqranen n tesdawit am F.L.O. Roehrig (n Cornell) akk d T.J. Shahan (tesdawit takat'ulit) ttekkan mlih' di leqdicat n umussu (mouvement) n ussider n tutlayt, yernu isemmed'ranen (reflexions) yecban win ay d-yura Dr. Shahan di 1894, "Ad d-nessukkset tutlayt tirlandit", d wid ay yughalen tt'uqqten di tallit-nni.\nDi 1853, yessebded-d Patrick Tierney (si Cavan) tiddukla tamenzut iqeddcen ghef tutlayt tirlandit deg Yiwunak Yedduklen. Di 1861, Tiddukla n Ossian* (Ossian Society) tessebded-d afurk di New York ay yebdan a d-yessuffugh kra n yedlisen n tutlayt tirlandit ay yuran zik s ufus. D acu kan, assider n tutlayt tirlandit ur yennerna ara alammi d asmi ay d-yewwed' Michael O Lochain, ay d-ilulen di Galway, gher Yiwunak Yedduklen, dgha d win umi semman kra "win ay d-yerz'an asalu i umussu n tutlayt tirlandit di Temrikt". Seg wasmi ay d-yewwed' O Lochain gher Temrikt, deg useggas n 1870, ara iqeddec s leh'r'ar'a, yessebded-d yiwen n weghmis i lmend n ussider u yeqqim iqeddec ghef ussuffegh-yines alammi d asmi yemmut deg useggas n 1894.\n[Ossian d amedyaz ikusi (écossais) aqbur, tiddukla-ya n tsekla taseltit semman-tt ghef yisem-is].\nO Lochain iga-yasen ifadden i yiminigen akken ad d-ssebedden tiddukliwin i lmend n weh'raz akk d tririt n ter'wih't i tirlandit yernu at'as n medden ay d-yerran i teghri-yines u dindin kan sbedden-d tineghra (classes) akken ad slemden deg-sent tirlandit. Tiddukla tamenzut i lmend n wemâiwen ger n Yiseltiyen sbedden-tt-id di Boston, di 1873 yernu iswiyen-yines nitni d asnerni n tutlayt tirlandit, tasekla-s akk d uz'awan (musique). Citt'ah' kan mbeâd, bdant a d-ttnulfunt tiddukliwin ay tt-yecban di tmiwa merr'a n tmurt, yernu asmi ara iteddu lqern wis 19 akken ad ifak, yufa-d lh'al nnulfant-d tiddukliwin am tigi di temdinin merr'a i deg llant trebbaâ timeqqranin n Yirlandiyen. Ger n 1874 akk d 1886, setta d xemsin n tiddukliwin am tigi ay d-yennulfan deg Yiwunak Yedduklen.\nTiddukliwin-agi llant qeddcent yal ta i yiman-is, d acu kan llan ttemyarunt wagar-asent deg weghmis n An Gaodhal ay yellan d aghmis aghelnaw n tiddukliwin-nni merr'a. D acu kan, ur nez'ri ara sani tewwed' teghri n umussu-yagi, anwa ay s-yeslan akk d wamek th'uza tudert n trebbaâ n Yirlandiyen yettidiren di Temrikt.\nTiddukliwin-agi merr'a llant sâan yiwen kan n yeswi di llsas - asnerni n tutlayt. Tamend'awt (constitution) n tiddukla n Brooklyn tebder-d d akken "Tiddukla-yagi ad tesâu iswi n weh'raz akk d wezraâ n tirlandit seg yilsawen n medden". Nnig n usselmed n tutlayt tirlandit, tiddukliwin-agi qedcent digh i lmend n usselmed n tedrest (ccd'eh') tirlandit, uz'awan akk d tmedyazt n tutlayt tirlandit, am wakken ay llan lemmden medden ghur-sent amezruy n Irland akk d kra n tedyanin yemgerraden i yes zemren ad fehmen medden izri (passé) n Irland.\nAmussu n tutlayt deg Yiwunak Yedduklen tekkan deg-s wid yiminigen ay d-yekkren ttmeslayen tirlandit am wakken ay ttekkan deg-s kea seg wid yettmeslayen taglizit ay yebghan ad ttekkin di leqdic n ussider. Tuget deg yiselmaden n tutlayt llan seg wid ay d-yekkren s tirlandit, d acu kan tikwal, llan kra n yinelmaden ay yessawd'en ad lemden mlih' amek ara mmeslayen tirlandit u ad tt-ttmeslayen am wid ay d-yekkren yis-s. Di 1894, yenna-d O Lochain, ay yettekkan di tiddukla n Brooklyn, "iselmaden-nnegh seg wid-n akken yeghran ghur-negh".\nD acu kan, nezmer ad naf anda nnid'en "Agherbaz n Providence ... yesâa sin seg yiselmaden imalayen (meilleurs) akk n tirlandit di tmurt, Massaw Henehan akk d O'Casey, yernu wigi seg wid ay d-yekkren yis-s".\nYugh lh'al, ur nez'ri ara s ttbut ma llan Yirlandiyen-agi yettekkan deg ussider ttmeslayen mlih' tirlandit negh ala. Ghef leh'sab n wayen d-yenna O Lochain deg weghmis n Brooklyn AGM, yella yewâer' fell-asen [di tiddukla] ad d-afen wid-n ilaqen akken ad ten-ssersen deg yimukan imens'aben (officiels) [n tiddukla], "imi alugen (règle) n tiddukla d win ay d-yeqqaren d akken ula d yiwen ur yettazmar ad d-yettwafren ala kan ma yella yettsellik-itt deg usiwel n tutlayt tirlandit". Anect-a yesskan-d d akken ala kan citt'ah' seg yimaslad'en n tiddukla n Brooklyn ay yellan seg wid d-yekkren s tutlayt tirlandit.\nTiddukla n Philadelphia ay d-sbedden tlata n Yirlandiyen ay d-yekkren s tutlayt-nsen di Yunyu n 1884 ala kan s tirlandit ay tella txeddem akk tighawsiwin-ines. Ula d tiddukla-nni tirlandit n New York tebder-d d akken d tirlandit ay d tutlayt i yes tqeddec s umata. Deg wayen d-yettwaran ghef tfaska (festival) tirlandit ay d-yettilin yal aseggas di New York, nezmer ad nger tamawt d akken ala kan citt' n teglizit ay yettuseqdacen ghur tiddukla-yagi. Dgha nezmer ad d-nini d akken asseqdec n tirlandit sdaxel n tdukliwin-agi yesskan-d d akken llan at'as seg wid yettekkan deg-sent ay yessnen ad tt-mmeslayen. Di kra n tdukliwin, tuget seg wid yettekkan d wid ay ilemmden tirlandit, wanag di tiyad', amur meqqren deg yimeltaghen-nsen (adhérants) seg wid ay d-yekkren s tutlayt tirlandit, dgha d tirlandit ay llan sseqdacen-tt wagar-asen.\nGhef wakken nezmer ad nwali, tiddukliwin-a llant jebbdent-d akk medden, ama d imeqqranen negh d imect'ah'. Dgha ach'al d abrid ay d-yebder O Lochain deg wutt'unen n weghmis n An Gaodhal d akken at'as seg yimeltaghen n tiddukla n Brooklyn ttawin-d igerdan-nsen yid-sen akken ad h'edr'en di temliliyin. Ma d amaru (secrétaire) n tiddukla n Philadelphia, John Robinson, yura-d d akken tiddukla-nsen tella "tesâa tmanyin n yimeltaghen, seg yigerdan n sebâa n yiseggasen alamma d imgharen, yernu merr'a ssnen ad ghren negh ad mmeslayen s tutlayt n lejdud-nsen".\nD acu kan, ur nez'ri ara amek tella tegnit n yimeltaghen n tiddukliwin-a di tmetti (société). Tomas O'Neill Ruiseal yenna-d deg yiwen n umagrad ay d-yeffghen di Dublin Journal d akken medden yettekkan deg yigherbazen n tutlayt ti Temrikt llan merr'a seg yigellilen imeqqranen akk ay d-yusan si Irland. Ma d O Lochain yeskaddeb aya u yenna-d d akken igellilen am wigi llan ur a ttekkayen ara ula di trebbaâ n Yirlandiyen ighriben ughaf ad ten-âeqlen ldjiran-nsen d acu-ten [r'uh'en amzun ttseth'in s las'el-nsen]. D acu kan, ur nefhim ara aygher Irlandiyen igellilen at'as llan ttseth'in ad ten-z'ren medden deg trebbaâ tidelsanin n yeghriben, dgha nezmer ad nesteqsi iman-nnegh ma yella d lqella n cci ay ten-yeddjan ad sseth'in s yiman-nsen, negh sseth'an lemmer ad ttekkin di terbaât iqeddcen ghef tutlayt-nsen ? Wissen digh ma llan kra n yeghriben ttah'qaren wid yellan ttnadin ad lemmden tutlayt-nsen di lgherba ? Negh digh wissen ma yella wid yellan ttaârad'en ad snernin tutlayt-nsen ttihin yis-sen wiyad' imi ay ttwalin d akken tirlandit d tutlayt umi d-yeqqim kan webrid n uz'ekka ? Ma yella llant lumur' am wakka, dgha anect-a yesskan-d d akken llan medden rran lbal-nsen gher temsalt n tutlayt, yernu nezmer ad nwali d akken medden llan bd'an d tirebbaâ deg wayen yerzan amek llan ttwalin tutlayt-nsen, dgha llan kra h'eqren-tt mad'i, kra ur d-cliâen ara seg-s ma d wiyad' tella-yasen mlih' deg wul yernu qeddcen fell-as akken zemren.\nAmussu n ussider n tutlayt di Temrikt d win yeqqnen mlih' daghen gher win ay d-yellan di Irland. Iqeddacen irlandiyen yellan di lgherba ttekkan ama s wul, ama s yedrimen i lmend n ussider n tutlayt di Irland. Yugh lh'al, assider n tutlayt tirlandit di Temrikt ay d-ilul uqbel ma yewwed' gher Irland, yernu asmi yexsi umussu n ussider di Irland, win n Temrikt ikemmel yedder mbeâd-is. Assider n tirlandit di Temrikt yebda yettughal yedjhed deg yiseggasen n 1870, wanag win n Irland alammi d taggara n yiseggasen n 1880 ay yebda yettagh az'ar di tmurt. Di 1883, nnan-d deg weghmis n Freeman's Journal d akken Irlandiyen n Temrikt ifen wid yeqqimen di Irland awwi rran lbal-nsen gher tutlayt : "Deg wayen yerzan tutlayt-nsen, arraw n tmurt-nnegh di Marikan ddjan mlih' gher deffir Irlandiyen yettidiren di tmurt". Dgha di lweqt i deg ughalen medden ur d-cliâen ara si tutlayt di Irland mbeâd ma d'rant tedyanin-nni meqqren n yiseggasen n 1910, di Temrikt, assider n tutlayt yeqqim alammi d taggara n yiseggasen n 1920 akk d tezwara n yiseggasen n 1930.\nTasghunt n An Gaodhal:\nTasghunt n An Gaodhal ay yellan tteffegh-d yal aggur s snat n tutlayin, tirlandit akk d teglizit, si 1881 alamma d 1904 d O Lochain ay tt-id-yesbedden yernu tesâ ddur' meqqren deg ussider n tutlayt tirlandit. Si tama, teldi-yasen abrid i wid yettarun s tirlandit akken ad ttarun deg-s s tutlayt-nsen, si tama nnid'en, tasghunt-a tella-d d tin ay yesduklen akk tughac n Yirlandiyen yettidiren di Temrikt. Tasghunt-a tella tesâa s umata sett'ac n yisebtar yernu qrib anect-a ay tesâa n yimagraden (articles) s tirlandit ay tesâa s teglizit. Tasgunt-a tella tqeddec i lmend n "weh'raz d wesnerni n tutlayt tirlandit akk d leqdic i lmend n tfulmant (autonomie) n weghlan (nation) irlandi."\nAssuffegh n tesghunt-agi yennerna mlih' imi "1000 n wudmawen (exemplaires) ... ay yellan teffghen-d seg-s yal aggur deg useggas-is amezwaru, yernu seg yimir-n ara yettnerni usuffegh yines alammi d ass-a, mi akka ara d-teffghen seg-s 2880 n wudmawen". D acu kan, tasghunt-a n tutlayt tirlandit tella tesâa ala kan 400 n yimagazen (abonnés) di Dublin di 1887. Tasghunt-a tella tessuffugh-d isefra, tizlatin (chansons), tibratin akk d tgejda (éditorials) s tutlayt tirlandit, yernu yiwen si leqdicat ay llan xeddmen di tallit-nni netta d alqad' n ufuleklur' irlandi. Dgha llan-d wat'as seg wid yettekkayen di tesghunt-a ay d-yuznen timucuha d temâayin, isefra, timseâraq akk d ddeâwat s tutlayt tirlandit, d tid i ghef mazal cfan wat yiles irlandi yettidiren di Temrikt. Anect-a yefka-d at'as n tghawsiwin ara yezzhun wid yessnen ad ghren tirlandit.\nTasghunt-a tella tessuffugh-d digh timsirin (leçons) i wid ur nettmeslay tirlandit akken ad bdun ad lemmden tutlayt-a, yernu at'as n tebratin ay d-yettwaznen (yettuceggâen) i An Gaodhal qqaren-d deg-sent medden d akken timsirin-a llant sâant azal ameqqran imi ay ttâawanent medden ad issinen u ad ghren ad arun tutlayt tirlandit.\nAn Gaodhal d tasghunt ay d agh-d-yemmalen mlih' amek llan ttxemmimen wid yesâan tutlayt tirlandit deg wulawen-nsen yernu tugh sin n yiberdan i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayt. Si tama, tasghunt-a tessuli-yas azal-is i tutlayt tirlandit, tcekker'-d timmer'kantit-yines, ccbah'a-s akk d umezruy-is aqbur yernu tettaârad' ad tqenneâ medden d akken zemren ad d-kksen ibughar (lfaydat) meqqren si tutlayt-a. Si tama nnid'en, tella tesghunt-a tekkat-d digh deg wid ur nettâawan ara tirlandit yernu tettwali-ten xedâen tamurt-nsen rnan xedâen iman-nsen.\nAbrid amenzu ay tugh An Gaodhal i lmend n ussider n tutlayt netta d leqdic akken ad d-ssakin medden ghef ugerruj ay d-teddja tutlayt tirlandit i wegdud-is. Tasghunt-a tella tessutur si medden ad as-gen leqrar "i ugerruj ghlayen n yiwet n tutlayt zeddigen, idjehden, icebh'en yernu meqqer ccan-is". Tella tesghunt-a tettwali tutlayt tirlandit d ajgu alemmas n tz'uri (art) d wesnulfu akk d tlelli n Yirlandiyen yernu ma yesr'uh' wegdud tutlayt-a, ula d tamusni-nsen ad tr'uh'. "Aghlan (ldjens) yettaken afus di tutlayt-is ad tr'uh' gher wegrireb ad yesr'uh' ula d ah'ric yelhan akk di tamusni-yines u ad yughal d akli n tmusni n wiyad'". Dgha tutlayt teddja medden, si tama, ad d-snulfun taz'uri (art) ifazen [tasekla, tizlatin, atg.], dgha anect-a yerra-ten fer'h'en ama s yiman-nsen, ama s wayen d-xeddmen, si tama nnid'en, tutlayt teldi-yasen digh abrid i medden akken ad issinen ayen xedmen wid ay ten-yezwaren. Dgha ala kan d abaghur (lfayda) ay izemren ad asen-d-yekk i Yirlandiyen mi ara ttekkin deg ussider n tutlayt-nsen, yernu leqdic n ussider n tutlayt "d win ay qqnen mlih' gher umezruy aqbur, d win yesâan azal meqqren di tnettit n weghlan-nnegh (nation) yernu d win yeqqnen digh mlih' s ayen uran Yirlandiyen di zzman aqbur". Tirlandit tezmer ad tesselmed i medden at'as n tghawsiwin, ur ttazmaren ara ad tent-lemden s tutlayin nnid'en. Amezruy akk d tezlatin n Irland s tirlandit ay llan a ten-ttarun; s tutlayt-a ay nezmer ad nissin agles (antiquité) n yiri (race) irlandi, n yiz'uran-is akk d umezruy-is".\nIghelnaz'riyen (nationalistes) irlandiyen iqeddcen deg yinurar merr'a, ama d wid n yedles, wid n tsertit, wid n tdamsa (économie) akk d yimeghnasen, merr'a ughalen dduklen i lmend n ussider akk d uâiwen n tutlayt, d acu kan, yemgerrad (yemxallaf) wemkan ay d as-tefka yal tarbaât deg yimenghi-yines i tutlayt tirlandit. At'as seg yighelnaz'riyen irlandiyen ay yellan ker'hen mlih' s kra n tghawsa yeqqnen gher teglizit akk d Yegliziyen, dgha d anect-a ay yeddjan imenghi i lmend n tutlayt ad yekcem s annar n tsertit. Deg yiwet n tebrat ay yura P.J. O'Hanlon i Tiddukla Taseltit n Brooklyn, yewwet-d deg-s bab-is deg Yegliziyen ara yettaârad'en ad hudden tutlayt tirlandit yernu iduâa-yas i R'ebbi ad d-yesseâjel ass i deg ara d-rren ttar' Yirlandiyen ghef wayen sen-xedmen yemdanen-agi yettwaneâlen. Tasghunt n An Gaodhal tella teggar-d digh tighri sya gher da i medden akken ad âiwnen tirebbaâ tigrawalin ara itgen tagrawla (révolution) i lmend n ussuffegh n Yegliziyen s yighil si Irland. Dgha tbedder-d tesghunt-agi d akken ula d tagrawla tirlandit d tin ay iqeddcen digh i lmend ussukkes (assemneâ) n tutlayt tirlandit.\nAsmi ay ddmen yighelnaz'riyen irlandiyen tutlayt tirlandit u rran-tt d azamul n tnettit-nsen taghelnawt (identité nationale) yed'ra-d ubeddel meqqren deg umezruy n tutlayt-a. Wid yettekkan deg umussu n tutlayt sbedden-d tinettit yemgerraden ghef tin n Yirlandiyen imensayen (traditionnels), n menwala. Dgha xelqen-d amd'al (monde) adelsan yemgerraden s wat'as ghef win n yifellah'en-nni ines'liyen yettmeslayen tirlandit. Ayen n d iri i yes d-yegla wanect-a ghef tutlayt ad d-nemmeslay fell-as ticki u ad t-nqaren akk d tghawsiwin yelhan i yes d-yegla umussu n ussider n tutlayt.\nTughal tutlayt d nettat ay d iles agaman (naturel) n medden. D nettat ay d azamul n tnettit, yernu d nettat ay yettaran amdan irlandi "d aterras (individu) n tidet yernu d amaslad' (membre) yettekkan deg wegdud ibanen. Ma tr'uh' tutlayt tirlandit, ur d-mazal ara medden zemren ad d-inin d akken d Irlandiyen ay llan. Marcus Mac Mhaird iger-d tighri i lmend n weh'raz n "ugerruj imqeddes (sacré) ay d-yettwawer'ten sghur lejdud" yernu yenna-d d akken tutlayt tirlandit d nettat ay d "azamul yernu d taâessast n teghlent-nsen (nationalité)". Dgha yura-d : "Ma yella d tidet nesâa tamurt, dgha ilaq ad nh'emmel tutlayt-nni tanes'lit ay d agh-d-tesselmed. Ma nebgha ad nughal d ldjens yettment'aren, ur nesâi tamurt, d agdud ur nesâi amezruy, ur nesâi ayla, ur nesâi isegh (honneur) wala azal, ihi lh'ut-n ad nettu tutlayt-nnegh".\nDi lweqt i deg amussu n tutlayt yerbeh'-d imdanen imaynuten deg wennar n tsertit, ad yili yesr'uh' digh at'as n yemdanen nnid'en ay yellan bghan ad ttekkin di leqdic ghef tutlayt, maca ur ten-âdjibent ara tikta n yighelnaz'riyen isertiyen negh imeghnasen. Ighelnaz'riyen ur llin ara kkaten-d kan deg Yegliziyen, wanag llan kkanten-d ula deg Yirlandiyen yettmeslayen taglizit. Dgha yella O Lochain yeqqar-d d akken Irlandiyen merr'a yettmeslayen taglizit d wid ixedâen tamurt-nsen : "Ass-a nettmeslay-d s tidet-nnegh yernu nez'ra ayen d-neqqar, neqqar-d s teqseh' ... d akken s kra n Yirlandi ay d-yettmeslayen ghef yimenghi i lmend n weghlan (nation) irlandi, yili netta yeqqen allen-is ghef tutlayt ay t-yeddjan ad yili d yiwen seg Weghlan-agi, nekni nettwali d akken ulac lxelq ay yuklalen ad yettwakr'eh kter'-is di ddunit". D acu kan, anect-a yesskan-d digh d akken assider n tutlayt d win ay yellan yesâa azal meqqren yernu qedcen fell-as medden s leh'r'ar'a, imi ma nenna-d d akken iminigen irlandiyen wwd'en alammi ay ddan akk d umussu ay yettwalin deg wid ur nettmeslay tirlandit d ixabiten ay ixedâen tamurt-nsen, anect-a yesskan-d d akken llan qeddcen seg wul-nsen ghef tutlayt tirlandit.\nIghelnaz'riyen llan ttwalin d akken ma wwten-d di teglzit, ad ssiwd'en ad qennâen medden d akken d tirlandit ay d-yekkan nnig-s. Dgha llan qqaren-d d akken taglizit d tutlayt n umesbat'li [amennekcam], yernu seg wakken terra Irlandiyen di rrif alammi ay yughal ula d azal-nsen ur yettawed' ara anect n win n waklan : "S kra n Yirlandi ur nessin ara tutlayt n tmurt-is d akli n Yegliziyen ay yella ... d anect-a, yerra tamgerd't-is s ddaw n uzaglu asaksi [aglizi]". Llan ttwalin taglizit d tutlayt n yiweh'ciyen di lweqt i deg tirlandit d tutlayt n tgherma, yernu s wanect-a ay llan yighelnaz'riyen a ttnadin ad d-ssakin medden ghef tuccd'a ay gan imi ay ddjan tirlandit u bghan ad ten-qennâen akken ad ughalen ghur-s. D acu kan, tamughli-nsen tr'uh' amzun d tin ay yeqqaren i medden "ddut-d yid-negh neghmulac d iâdawen ay tellam". O Lochain yella yettwali d akken amdan d win ay ilaqen ad yefren abrid-is, ad yili yedda d tutlayt tirlandit negh mgal-ines, yernu win ifernen ad yeddu d tirlandit d win ay ilaqen ad yeddj s kra n wayen yeqqnen gher teglizit akk d Yegliziyen.\nYugh lh'al, ad ilin llan Yirlandiyen yettmeslayen taglizit akk d tirlandit, maca d taglizit ay sseqdacen di tudert-nsen, ma d tirlandit ur iban wamek tt-ttwalin, ur rghin fell-as, ur tt-kr'ihen. Ad ilin fkan-d tamezz'ught i umussu n tutlayt, imi ay yeldi abrid i temlilit ger medden yernu yeddja-ten digh umussu-yagi ad issinen timâayin d tezlatin-nsen n zik. D acu kan, awal aqesh'an ay d-qqaren kra mgal-nsen yesserwel-iten ghef ussider n tutlayt.\nAyen i yes d-yegla ussider :\nNez'ra d akken llan at'as n Yirlandiyen yettmeslayen tirlandit ay yellan ttidiren deg Yiwunak Yedduklen di tgara n lqern wis tseât'ac. Di lweqt i deg yelâeb umussu n ussider ddur' meqqren deg usaki n medden akken ad rren ddhen-nsen gher tutlayt, yella digh ilaq fell-as ad yeqdec akken ara d-yerbeh' lemâawna n medden yettmeslayen tirlandit akken ad yessiwed' s iswi-s. Ma yella ur yessawad' ara umussu ad iqenneâ medden akken ad as-gen leqrar i tutlayt-nsen, amussu-ya ad yidir kan skud mazal taghelnaz'rit tirlandit tettâawan-it, dgha asmi ara d-yawed' wass i deg imenghi aghelnaz'ri ur yetteh'widji ara tirlandit, ass-nni ula d assider ad yemmet. Dgha d anect-nni ay yed'ran s tidet ama di Irland, ama di Temrikt, d acu kan amussu n Temrikt yerna yedder kra n yiseggasen sdeffir n win n Irland. Asmi kan tessawed' Irland ad tawi azarug-is (indépendance) yernu yettussebded-d dinna "Uwanek Ilelli" (Etat Libre), ssuffghen yighelnaz'riyen tutlayt tirlandit si tesmektayt-nsen (agenda). Ifuk nnfeâ-yines.\nMa di Temrikt, ikemmel ussider n tutlayt alammi d iseggasen n 1920. Ur nez'ri ara ma yella taluft-nni tameqqrant n tdamsa (économie) ay ih'uzan ddunit di tgara n yiseggasen n 1920 d nettat ay d ssebba ay yenghan amussu n ussider n tirlandit di lgherba, d acu kan, ghef wakken nettwali, tezmer taluft-a ad tili telâeb ddur' meqqren deg wanect-a. Am wakken digh ur nez'ri ara ma bdan ttanqasen wid yettâawanen amussu n ussider asmi ay yeffegh yimenghi i lmend n tlelli n Irland gher tafat. Maca mi ara nwali d akken amussu yellan di Temrikt yedder ugar n win yellan di Irland, nezmer ad nz'er d akken ayen i yes d-yegla weh'bas n yimenghi aserti di Irland yemgerrad ghef wayen i yes d-yegla di Temrikt i wid yellan qeddcen ghef yedles.\nRnu-yas s anect-a, deg yiseggasen n 1920 d 1930 yufa-d lh'al amur meqqren seg yiminigen-nni yettekkan deg ussider n tutlayt deg yiseggasen n 1870 mmuten, dgha ula d anect-a yezmer ad yili d ssebba nnid'en i lmut n umussu-yagi. Tisuta-nni (ledjyal) ay d-id'efren n yiminigen ur tt'uqqten ara deg-sent wid yessnen ad mmeslayen mlih' tirlandit, dgha nezmer ad nefhem s wanect-a d akken iselmaden akk d yemd'ebbren-nni iqburen n tiddukliwin fuken wid ara ten-id-ixelfen akken ad kemmlen leqdic. Iminigen-nni ay ikemmlen ttawd'en-d mbeâd n 1900 yufa-d lh'al th'uza-ten teglizit ugar n yiminigen-nni ay ten-yezwaren. Nnig waya, iminigen-agi imaynuten ufan-n di Temrikt tisuta n yiminigen ay izedghen dinna yernu rran taglizit d nettat ay d tutlayt-nsen tawh'idt, yernu fernen ur ttmeslayen ara s tutlayt-nsen i warraw-nsen ay d-ilulen di lgherba [dgha imaynuten-nni ddmen anect-a ghef yeqburen u ughalen ula d nitni xeddmen akka].\nD acu kan, amussu n ussider yegla-d digh s tghawsiwin yesâan azal meqqren i tutlayt tirlandit imi ay d-yessuffegh tirlandit seg yexxamen -i deg llan medden sseqdacen-tt kan wagar-asen di twacult- yernu yessers-itt-id s annar n berr'a. Amussu n ussider yessekcem digh tirlandit s agherbaz akk d tesdawit, anda ay d-lhan yid-s yimassanen. At'as n yinawen (discours) am wid ay d-uran Roehrig akk d Shahan ay d-yeffghen s tirlandit yernu ghran-ten medden. D acu kan, di lweqt i deg at'as n wid yettmeslayen mlih' tirlandit llan ttekkan deg umussu n ussider n tutlayt, at'as n Yirlandiyen nnid'en qqimen mebâid n wanect-a, dgha yezmer lh'al ad ilin gan aya imi ay bdan a tth'ulfun d akken tirlandit d ayla kan n yimer'kaniyen, yimassanen akk d yighelnaz'riyen. Iminigen ay yellan weh'len deg wuguren n temâict di lgherba ad ilin h'ulfan i yiman-nsen ttuh'ettmen ad lemden mlih' taglizit. Imi ay tughal tirlandit di lgherba d tin ay ibeâden ghef yedles-nni amensay n yifellah'en di Irland, yughal yeshel lh'al ghef Yirlandiyen ad sr'uh'en tutlayt-nsen u ad ddmen tayed' deg wemkan-is.\nSsebbat n webrir* n ussider\n*abrir = échec\nD tasghunt n An Gaodhal ay d-yellan d tala-nnegh tameqqrant i seg ay d-nugem isallen ghef wamek llan medden ttwalin tutlayt tirlandit. At'as si trebbaâ n yiminigen ay yellan ttwalin d akken tutlayt d nettat ay d azamul n tnettit-nsen taghelnawt, dgha gan-as mlih' leqrar asmi ay wwd'en gher Temrikt. D acu kan, iminigen irlandiyen ur llin si ger wigi. Yugh lh'al, llant at'as n ssebbat yemcubbaken ay ten-yessawd'en ad beddlen tutlayt-nsen, nezmer ad d-nebder gar-asent aclaâ ur d-cliâen ara Yirlandiyen si tirlandit akk d uh'ebber'-nsen i lmend n welmad n tutlayt i yes ara ttcen aghrum. Yugh lh'al, ula di tmurt-nsen, di Irland, tella tirlandit tettwah'qer u ttwalin-tt d tutlayt n yigellilen, d tutlayt i yes ttseth'in. D ayen ibanen d akken ighilifen ay d-wwin yiminigen irlandiyen si Irland leâben ddur' di tiddjin n tutlayt tirlandit di Temrikt, d acu kan, ad ilint llant ssebbat nnid'en ay yettekkan digh deg wanect-a.\n*tamessedghart = élitisme\nTugh, yughal umussu n ussider n tutlayt d win ay ttwalin medden d tarbaât n tedghet (élite), n yemdanen iz'ewren, yesâan amkan âlayen di tmetti u rran tutlayt tirlandit d taghawsa takadimit i ghef llan ttnaghen yimassanen akken ad awin cciâa. Anect-a ad yili yesserwel at'as n wid yettmeslayen tirlandit ghef tutlayt-nsen. At'as seg yimassanen n tirlandit ay yellan kkaten-d deg wiyad' ghef tirlandit ay sseqdacen yernu llan ttemyergamen deg yisebtar n An Gaodhal.\nDeg yiwet n tebrat ay d-iceggeâ Padruic, yiwen seg wid ay yughen tanumi ttarun-d i tesghunt-a, bab-is iger-d tighri i yimassanen akken ur d-kkaten ara deg yelmez'yen, wanag d ifadden ara d asen-snernin, yernu iâeggen-d d akken ilmez'yen llan tkukrun ad d-arun di An Gaodhal imi ttagaden ur d-iteffegh ara wayen d-uran. Dgha tegla-d tebrat-agi s ubeddel meqqren imi at'as n medden umi yekkes ukukru yernu bdan ttarun s tutlayt-nsen.\nDi tebratin n An Gaodhal nezmer ad nger tamawt i ukukru akk d tt'iq n lxat'er n medden deg wayen yerzan tamusni n tira n tutlayt-nsen. Ula O Lochain iger-as tamawt i wugur-agi yernu yenna-d d akken yettruz'u-yasen ifadden i medden akken ad sseqdacen tirlandit. Yewwed' yiwen seg wid ay d-yekkaten deg wiyad', An Goban Saor, alammi ay d-yewwet di leqdic ay d-iteffghen s tirlandit di An Gaodhal u yenna-yas i O Lochain d akken ilaq ad inadi ghef yimassanen ara t-iâiwnen akken ad d-yessuffegh tasghunt-is. Yugh lh'al, O Lochain ur yeqbil ara tamughli-yagi u yerra-yas-d d akken netta yettnadi kan ad tt'uqqten wid yettmeslayen tirlandit yernu ttarun-tt.\nTabr'at nnid'en ay d-iceyyeâ Mass Mac Suibhne si temdint n Mobile, nezmer ad naf deg-s dakken wid yettmeslayen tirlandit llan ur sâin ara laman deg yiman-nsen mi ara ttmeslayen negh ttarun tirlandit. (...)\nMaca tabrat yessewhamen akk di tebratin ay ghef d-nsukk tit' d tin ay d-yura Anthony P. Ward ay d-ilulen di Donegal u yezdegh di Philadelphia. Yurar ddur' meqqren deg ussebded n tiddukla n Philo-Celt Society di Philadelphia yernu d yiwen seg yimeqranen deg terbaât-nni iqedcen ghef ussider n tutlayt. Yella ih'emmel at'as aghmis n An Gaodhal, u isemma-yas "d aghmis ay iqeddcen kan i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayt-iw tayemmat". D acu kan, yesh'assef imi ur yelli ara yezmer ad yaru s tirlandit : "Sh'issifegh imi ur zmiregh ara ad awen-d-arugh aya s tirlandit. Zemregh ad temmeslayegh. Zemregh digh ad tt-ghregh ... D acu kan, ur zmiregh ara ad ad arugh s tirlandit acku ur ssinegh ara akk taghdirawt-is (orthographe)". Aggur kan sakkin, Antain Mac Mhaird yura-d yiwet n tebrat d taghezfant, s tirlandit, i weghmis n An Gaodhal. Anect-a yesskan-d dakken imdanen am Ward llan sâan akk tizemmar akk d tmussni i wakken ad gren iman-nsen deg umussu (mouvement) n ussider n tutlayt, maca amussu-yagi yessiged-iten digh u yerra-ten ttkukrun, ttseth'in ad d-arun s tutlayt-nsen imi ttagaden ad gen tuccd'iwin.\nNaire - tutlayt tirlandit akk d useth'i :\nYiwet si ssebbat yessawad'en medden ad ddjen tirlandit netta d tah'eqranit ay tt-h'eqren yemdanen n tserkemt (classe) talemmast d tserkemt taddayt (basse), meh'sub iminigen ilemmasen d yigellilen. At'as seg wid yessawalen tirlandit qeblen dakken tutlayt-nsen ur tesâi ara ccan am teglizit imi tirlandit sseqdacen-tt kan deg yexxamen-nsen n lh'if.\nDeg yiwet n tebrat ay d-yura Patrick J. Duggan, si Hartford, Connecticut, yessefhem-d amek ay h'eqren medden amussu (mouvement) n ussider n tirlandit d wamek ay ugin ad tt-id-smenâen si nnger, imi ay walan dakken taglizit d nettat ay d tutlayt n tikli gher sdat. Duggan yura-d : "Llan at'as n medden dagi ttmeslayen-tt [tirlandit] s yisel iserrh'e, d acu kan, mi ara sen-d-tinid' ad neg amussu (mouvement) i wakk-n ad tt-neh'rez, dgha ad ttihin ula ghef ukemmel n useqdec n tirlandit ula deg wawal. Yugh lh'al, nitni s timmad-nsen ttseth'in mi ara mmeslayen s tirlandit".\nPadraic O Treasa ay izedghen di Nashua, New Hampshire yemmeslay-d digh ghef wugur-agi. Yenna-d dakken yeâred' ad d-yessebded agherbaz n tutlayt tirlandit anda akk-n yezdegh, maca ur yessawed' ara. Xas llan wat'as n medden ay yettmeslayen tirlandit dinna. Yella yessen medden, ula d yiwen wawal s teglizit ur t-ssinen ara, maca llan ttseth'in ad mmeslayen s tirlandit i wakk-n ur tent-tettah'qar ara tmetti (société) i deg ttidiren.\nO Lochain yella yettwali dakken d tt'meâ n rrbeh' di lgherba ay yessawd'en iminigen ad ddjen tirlandit. Ighad'-it lh'al at'as imi ay qqlen medden la ttwalin tirlandit d tutlayt n yigellilen d lqella n tmussni. Yella ireffu mi ara iz'er dakken medden la nekkr'en tutlayt-nsen acku ttxemmimen dakken mi ara gen aya, ad yali ccan-nsen di tmetti. Yella iqeddec dima i wakk-n ad iqenneâ medden dakken tirlandit ur tuklal ara ad tt-h'eqren. D aya ay d iswi n wakk imagraden ay d-yura i wakk-n ad d-yecker' lqedma d ccan meqqren ay tesâa tirlandit.\nMass Mac Suibhne, ay izedghen di Mobile, Massachusetts, iger-d digh tamawt ghef wamek ay ttaddjan medden tirlandit akk-n kan ara tebdu ad tettali yis-sen. Yenna-d dakken ur yefhim ara aygher Irlandiyen-agi llan h'eqren tutlayt-nsen.\nIminigen llan la ttwalin dakken d taglizit ara ten-inefâen ugar nitni d twaculin-nsen. Nnig n tt'meâ-yagi Irlandiyen llan digh la ttwalin dakken tutlayt-nsen "tebda-d yagi abrid-is i wakk-n ad tenger", ur yenfiâ wara ma yella h'ettmen iman-nsen ad tt-id-ssidren, dgha yelha kan ma yella d taglizit ara yawin amkan-is. "Tirlandit ur k-tessawad' s acemma", akk-a ay d-yenna yiwen wergaz izedghen di tmurt, si Co. Louth. Ma d Mass O Suilleabhain, yettmeslayen tirlandit, yura-d deg wedlis n tmeddurt-is (Fiche Bliain ag Fas) : "anwa ay yettmeslayen tirlandit menghir tisehh'arin n ddunit ?".\nTomas O Commaighin, ay yettmeslayen digh tirlandit u yezdegh di Randolph, di Carolina n Ugafa, yenna-d dakk-n medden llan ur a ttqadaren ara tirlandit acku llan la tt-ttwalin d tutlayt n yezri (passé), d tutlayt iâedda zzman yernu ur tesâi ara amkan-is deg ddunit tatrart (moderne).\nUr d-cliâen ara :\nWid yellan la qeddcen ghef tutlayt zgan la d-ttcetkin dakken Irlandiyen ur d-cliâen ara akk seg wayen yellan la s-id'erru i tutlayt-nsen. Kra ighad-iten at'as n lh'al ghef waya yernu nnan-d dakk-n imdanen am wigi ur uklanen ara tamagit-nsen (identité) taghelnawt. Ula d A.P. Ward yewwet-d deg yiminigen n Philadelphia imi ur d-cliâen ara si tirlandit.\nUr nezmir ara ad d-nini dakken wid ur nettekka ara di tiddukliwin n ussider n tirlandit llan mgal (contre) n tirlandit, wanag llan kan ur a ttwalin ara lumur' akk-n ay tent-ttwalin wid yebghan ad d-ssidren tutlayt. Nnig waya, imdanen-agi ur llin ara la ttwalin dakken ala d tutlayt tirlandit ay d llsas n tmagit-nsen taghelnawt, am wakk-n ur h'siben ara tutlayt-a d lwer't ay sen-d-yeqqimen seg umezruy-nsen aqdim. Asmi ay âezmer ad ddmen taglizit imi ay tt-walan d tutlayt ara ten-inefâen, gan aya mebla ma h'ulfan dakken xedâen tamurt-nsen. Nezmer ad naf aya deg wayen ay d-yemmeslay Peter O'Donnell s tirlandit deg yiwet n tlemmiz't (occasion) deg wemd'iq n tiddukla n Philo-Celt Society, di New York. Yenna-d dakken tisutwin (ledjyal) iâeddan asmi ur d-cliâent ara si tutlayt-nsent, ur ilaq ara ad tent-sd'elmen acku llant d taklatin ur nez'ri ara sani ara tent-tessiwed' tiddjin n tutlayt-nsent. D acu kan, yewwet-d di tsutwin n wass-a imi ara d-qqarent dakken a tutlayt ay mmeslayen kifkif.\nIminigen llan ur msefhamen ara ghef taluft n tutlayt. Kra deg-sen ugin tirlandit taâinanit, wiyad' kemmlen la tt-sseqdacen wagar-asen, ma d wiyad' gren iman-nsen deg leqdic i lmend n ussider, ah'raz d wesnerni n tutlayt-nsen. Amussu (mouvement) n ussider n tutlayt tirlandit yessebâed at'as n Yirlandiyen ghef yiman-is imi wid yellan deg-s wwin-d tikli n temsedghart (élitisme) i deg win ara ten-id-iwalin si berr'a ad yeh'seb dakken maci menwala kan ad yettekki yid-sen, nnig waya, wid yellan deg umussu-yagi llan sseqdacen awal qessh'en deg wayen yerzan tutt'fa di las'el d tghelnaz'rit (nationalisme), d ayen ay yesrewlen at'as n medden fell-asen. Irlandiyen si zik llan ttseth'in u ttagaden ad mmeslayen tirlandit, dgha ula d anect-a yettekka deg usebâed n medden ghef usider. D acu kan, xas akk-n ttseth'in s tutlayt-nsen, Irlandiyen kemmlen la tt-sseqdacen wagar-asen deg yexxamen-nsen d yimukan anda zedghen jmiâ. Dgha, xas ma yella iminigen irlandiyen di Marikan ur llin ara mgal (contre) n tirlandit, maca maci merr'a ttekkan deg usider n tutlayt-nsen di lgherba. Iminigen llan zemren ad ttekkin deg usider n tutlayt-nsen xas ma yella xtaren ad sseqdacen taglizit di tudert-nsen n yal ass, yernu llan kra ay ixedmen akka. D acu kan, assider n tirlandit di lgherba yeh'bes, ur yessawed' ara s iswi (but) imi Irlandiyen ur slemden ara tirlandit i yigerdan-nsen. Yugh lh'al, asmi ay xedmen Yirlandiyen aya, maci d kar'uh ay ker'hen tutlayt-nsen wanag d nnfeâ-nsen ay nudan u xtaren tutlayt ara yeffghen fell-asen di lgherba.\nAmagrad-agi yettwaddem-d seg wemd'iq-a :\nTabrat n Yimedyazen : Utt'un 5 : assider n tutlayt tirlandit\n<<< Qqel γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 14 Ddu γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 16 >>>