url: =Malaysia, Kedah ah mawtaw 4 kitaihgawp in nupa kopkhat aphual ah sipah :: ZOMI DAILY\nposted on 4 June 2017 at 8:06 am Lomkholna: Malaysia, News, Sawltak, World\nMalaysia, Kedah State sungah Lorry mawtawpi khatleh adang mawtawneu 3 kitaihkha in, mi 2 si cih NST pan kiza hi. Zanni Saturday ni in Kampung Paya Serdang geinai aom Jalan Kulim – Baling kici lamzikpi tungah atuahsia ahihi.\nNitaklam 3pm hunpawl in mawtaw akitaih hi a, asi mi 2 tepen nupa ahi uhhi. Asi numeinu pen kum 54 aphakhin khat hi a, aminpen Robiah Mat Saman kici hi. Asi apasal pen kum 66 aphakhin khat hi a, aminpen Razak Saari kici hi.\nAsi te nupa pen Kulim, Kampung Padang Cina pan hi uh a, atuahsiatna aphual mahah sipah uhhi.\nKulim Hi-Tech Fire and Rescue Department chief Mohd Azizi Abdullah ii genkhiatna ah Accident apiankhit ciangin atuahsia aliam tepen ageinai ah apai amukha Passers-by te’n mawtaw sungpanin nahemkhia uh cihi. Tuakhit ciangin amanlang in Kulim Hospital ah kipuaksuak cihi.\nAsi nupa te tuanna pen Proton Wira mawtaw hi a, amailam teng tongawp, zangawp hi.\nHih tuahsiatna Accident ah mawtaw 4 tak akiphulgawp hi a, bangci bangin Accident kipankhia cihpen ki theician nailo hi. ZD Sawltak #zomidaily\nPrevious: London khuasung muntuamtuam ah gitloh gamtatna, buaina tampi piang\nNext: Manchester atuahsia te a enkikding in American Singer Ariana Grande hawhkik


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url: =George Washington Tangthu ~ Timothy Naulak :: ZOMI DAILY\nGeorge Washington Tangthu ~ Timothy Naulak\nposted on 26 June 2016 at 7:32 am UTC+9:30 Lomkholna: Article, History, TimothyNaulak\nGeorge Washington pen United Stated of American(U.S.A) gam kumpi sem masa pen ( The first President of USA, 1732-1799 AD) leh Britain te kiang pan in American gam suahtak na angahsak pa ahihi.Laisin nalam sangkhol lo leh galkap lamnasep zong kiva khawllo , politic lambangphadiak uk lawmlawm khawllo hi.Ahihhang angiim na, ahansan na leh amah leh amah akiuk zawh mahmah man in makai thupi leh milawhcing mahmah khat leh mi minthang te lak ah kihel zo khat ahihi.\nWashington pen American masapen( first American) cih den uhhi.U.S.A gam din pa ci theihangh. George Washington pen kum 1731 February,11 ni in Virginia gamsung aa om Westmore ah ongpiang khiahi.(Westmore pen Wakefield ci in kikhel khin hi). George Washington te inn ih pupi uh pa John Washington pen 1657 kumin England gampan in Virginia ahpem hi. American gam ah apem khitzawh in zong innkuan thupi azahtak huai khat, inn leh lo gamnei khat hiin, gam zaipitak nei in sum zuak sumlei namunkhat zong phuan in, van bawlna dan khawngzong nei in haumahmah hi.\nWashington ih pa Augustine Washington in azi masa tawh ta li nei in, azi nih naMary Ball tawh ta guk neihi. Tua ata aguk sunglak pan in Washington pen a upen ahihi. Augustine in gamza pi tak nei in bawngkhawi in, zanah ciin nalo zongzaipi taknei hi. George Washington inzong ahun tampi tak huan nasep naah zang denhi. Sangkah laisin sangpipi sin nading hun neiman lo in, lo nasep lam uk inzong siam mahmah aa tenchia(mathematics) leh thukan cian (survey) ahih leh bel siam khia lua mahmah hi. George kum 11 ahih lai in apa Augustine ongsi in, a u Lawrence nungzui pen mai hi. Lawrence in Virginia state sung ah gamnei mihau mahmah khat Fairfax inn kuan sung mi khat zi in la hi. Lord Fairfax pen England pan in Virgina ah ongtai (pem)tak ciang in Washington tawh ongkimeltheih mahmah uh aa, Fairfax in zong deihsak in, alaisim inn(library) pen Washington in metpih mahmah in, natam tak sinkhiat(theihkhiat)pih lawhhi.\n1748 kum in Lord Fairfax in aneihsa gam acre million bangzahhiam khat aa zai acingakem dingin Asst. Surveyor dingin George Washington cial hi. A maikum takcing in Surveyor dingin cial leuleu hi. 1751kum in a u Lawrence zui in West Indies aa Barbados mun ah pai in, hih lai mun ah Washington in zawngnat na vei in, amai zong maam zol zonawn lo in omhi. Akhualzin khit zawhdeuh ciangin a u Lawrence zong ongsi hi. Lawrence in aneihsa agam pen George akem ding in leh agam pen a tanu pia hi. Lawrence ii ta nuzong ongsi ahih man in George inzong agam khempeuh ongnei ta in, gamneipa mihau khat ongsuak tahi.\nWashington in lo khawhleh thaiciin uk mahmah in akhantoh theih nadingin zong lamtuamtuam tawh hanciam mahmahhi. Agam sungteng enen in gam hoih namun amuh te pen lo ding in hoih dinghi cih theihi. Hih gam ah lo neih nagam, kumpi gam ahau mahmah ongpiantheih nading in en in ngaihsun keei den hi. Mount Vernon aa agam zaimahmah pen midang etteh theihding in lim zepmahmah hi. England pan in khaicii hoih leh lo azat ding van vaikhak den hi. Hih khaicii te ciing in sin na(test) khawngzawng bawlden hi. A gam aending in Sal(slaves) zanih val khawng sawl in, mipil misiam bangzah hiam khawng zong nasem in cial hi. Zu bawl na munzong phuan in,tuu mul pan in tuu mulpuan(wool) bawlna nei hi, za nah ciin namun zaipi khat zong neihi.(Nidang lai sawtnai lo khat in Virginia Cigarettes tampi tak India gam ongtung in Mizogam sung ah zong kizel mahmah hi. MSD).\nWashington in ami sawltak nasem te pen tentan(training) hoihtak pia in sum alut leh apusuak hoih tak in ciamteh sitset hi. Tentan (training) hoih tak apiak nasung ah khatpen hih ahihi: ” Pil na khempeuh lak ah, maat (penny)khatzong zanglo aa ihkhawl na in maat(penny) khat ih thalawh ahihi.” cih hi. Kum 1750 kipan lam akipan in Britain leh France in Ohio zanggam kituh in kido uhhi. Kum 1753 tak ciangin Virginia Governor Robert Dinwiddie in George Washington pen France pawl tawhkimu ding in sawl hi.France pawl in ana dawn na uh thupen lungkim huai lo salua ahih man in Washington pawl in zong galkap bangzahhiam khat sawl in, hih tungintangthei tak mel lo uhhi.\nKum 1755 tak ciang in British kumpi in Gen. Edward Bradock pawl gal kap tampitak gam muding in sawlhi. Hih atung in Washington pen galkap makai tavuan pialo in ahih hang galkap ulian te ngaihsut pia leh gam sung lam hilh dingin paisak hi. British galkap pawl in French pawl kulhpi Fort Dequese atun ma in, French pawl in naleh do vat mawk hi. Washington te pawl bel ahih leh buai thei khiamahmah uhhi. Ahih hang in hih tungin Washington hansan na thu thangmahmahhi. Tuahang in Governor in Virginia galkap makai Colonel za ahkahsak hi. Kum guk sung British pawl nuai ah asepsung in kido lianpipi om lo in, misiat nadingzong omtuak lohi. Kum 1758 tak ciang in acidam na hoih loh man in galkap nasep khawlsan ta hi. Hih hunpa kipan kum17 sung Mount Vernon ah ama gam keem in ahunzang hi. Kum 1759 in meigong mihau mahmah khat Martha Dandridge tawhkiteng hi.Martha pen alawm ngaihmasak pen hi lo in, nihvei bang tak hih ma in angaihte tawh kikhen khin ci’ ci uhhi.Martha tawh nupa kilungtuak mahmah hi in, ta ahih leh nei lo citciat hi. Martha ii ta neihsa teng pen ata neih sun uh ahi hi.\nGeorge Washington in khanglam ah gamlei in thaiciin na ding tuilam khawngbawlding angaihsut laitak hun in, British kumpi in Appalachian mual khen lam aa om Red Indian pawl ten na muh ah luttheih lo nading thusuahkhia uhhi. Washington in bel thupi ngaihsut sak loin Ohio zanggam lam ah gam lomun leiding in misawl hi. Ohio leh Palomac kikal tuilam pi ding agel laitak in Quebec Act (Quebec thukhun) bawluhhi. Hih thukhun in American gam sungaa tengte ading in Ohio leh Missisipi gam sung ah lutding phallo hi. Hihthu khun pen Washington leh gamnei midang te ading in huathuai mawhloding hi. Tuakhitciang in Stamp Act, Tea Act te ong suak hi. Hih thukhun in American gamsung aa tengte pen lamtuamtuam tawh gakcip in siah tampitak piak ongkisam ta hi. Tuapen deihlo in British kumpi langpang in tapawng lianmahmah ongpiangkhia hi.\nKum 1774 september kha in gambup kikhoppi (continental congress) masapen kisam hi. Hih laimun ah George Washington zong Virginia palai(sawltak) lak ah khat inkihel hi. Hih khawmpi pen Philadelish kibawl in kal sagihsung khawmpi kinei in British kumpi tung ah lungkimloh na nasia mahmah hi.Tapawng kipan hipen mai hi. Kum 1774 – 1775 khuadam hun(phalbi)hunsung in Washington in Conatinental Association leh tualsung committee te huhding in galkap phuanhi. Akisap leh British galkap tawh kido ding in kithawi uhhi. Continental Congress anihvei na pen Kum 1775 May, 10 ni in tu uh aa, khawmpi aneih laitak in Boston kiang ah kido na pianghi. British galkap pawl New England ah ateng mi 14000 kiim ding man uhhi. British Parliament in Massachusetts state pen tapawng hang in gambuai in genkhia uhhi. Philadelphia kikhoppi ah Washington pen agalkap puan tawh kikhop na ah kah(kihel)hi. British pawl doding in akiginkholh thu zong gen hi. June kha ong tung ta in, Congress in Continental Army phuan in, Boston kiim ah tapawng pawl zong hih pawlah lut pahuhhi. Jun ni 15 ni in Washington pen General za kipia in lungkimtak in galkap makai mangpi (Commander – in- Chief) dingin tel uhhi.\nWashington pen pasal thasang, melhoih, maibeem,kha guh kual khat ahihi. Amit kua thuk lua ahihman in maingap huai mel puakhawllohi. A mahleh amah kiuk zo, muan huai mi ahih man in midang zong amahleh amah akiuk zawh ding alamen ahanthawn khatahihi. Washington limsuaisiam min thang pa Gilbert Stuart in “A omdan enleng amah leh amah akiuk zo loding tawhkibang, nam mawl, gamlak aa piang hi leh bel aluahuai pen pawl hi in teh ” ci hi. Tuabek hilo ciamnuih zong bawlthei lo hisawnsawn lai. Washington pen, Alexander the Great, Robert Clive te bang in General galkap mangpi ding in apiang dingin kilanglohi. Galdo danding agel na tepen alawhcin loh hun omthei zel hi. Tuaban ah amakai pih te hatloh na leh Congress in hoih tak in thuakhen theih loh man in haksat na tuak denkeei uhhi. British do in aomlai tak hun in galkap ten thaman (stipend) mumel lo in, galvan neimel lo in,an leh asilh aten ding zong nei mel louhhi.Washington in “Sakol anding bangbek nekding nei den ungh.”Cih hi.Hih bangkawm kal mah ah kiut dan nasia tak in lenkip in, agalkap ten amah athupibawl azahtak aetsan luat man in haksat na tuamtuam phuzotuam uh aa, agam leh aminam aadingin tangtakin dingthei uhhi.\nWashington pen American galkap makai mangpi asep cil lamin congress member atam zaw insuahtakding(independent) ngaihsun khollo uhhi. Hih hunlai pawlkhawng mah in British Prime Minister Lord North in American pawl tapawng adaih theih nading in galkap tha hatmahmah lutsak ding ingel hi. Britain Kumpi George III in American pawl pen kumpi langpang tapawngin genkhia in, Washington pen minam langbawl in pulak khia in khauhtak in dan piak ding zong thupia hi. Washington in British pawl do zawhnading in suahtakna(Independent) kisam ci in khentatna bawl hi. Kum 1775 August kha pan kipan September kha ciang Canada ah agam mu in, Canada gamsung aa teng tekiang ah akipawl theihnading in khembawlhi. Gunkuang (tembaw) galkap phuan in, tembaw agol mahmah guk tak bawlsak in, hih tembaw pi te pen Boston tembaw khawlna mun ah British tembaw onglut ding te akhaktan adal nading in sawlhi. Tuaban ah American tembaw khawlna mun ah, French tembaw onglut theih nading in gelnazong nei hi.\nAmerican gam aa om state tuamtuam te in Independent deihna lungsim aneih theih nading in gam sung mun tuamtuam ah sizungzi( campaign) nei kawikawi( bawlkawikawi) in, Connecticut te, New Hampshire te, Rhode Island te, Massachusetts te, Virginia te, Pennsylvania leh New York te in suahtak na(Independent) deih nalungsim ongnei thei ta uh hi.Tua ahih man in Kum 1776 July,4 ni in Congress in suahtak na(Independent) tangkokhia ta uhhi. Kum guk sung tak American leh British kido in, hih hunsung in haksat na kawmkal pan sungah galkap makai mangpi za lenpaisuak suak hi. Nasep lawhcin hun zongnei in, lawhcinloh hun zong om nei hi. French galkap in huh in, British galkap makai mangpi Lord Cornwallis leh apawl te pen Yorktown ah khakcip mawkuhhi. Kum 1781,October 19 ni in Lord Cornwallis leh galkap 7000 kiim ding Washington khutsung ah ongkipia hi.\nBritain gam ah kumpi thak ong ding ta in, American gam sungah British galkap tampitak inomlai mahtase leh kilem nading leh galdaihnading ongzongnuam ta uh aa, British pawl in American ong nusia ta uhhi. Kido hunsung in American general mi li Philip Schuyler , Henry Knox, Nathanael, Green,Henry Lee te in Washington tawh ki lemlo vatvat thei hih tuak hi. General Horatio Gates tawh bel akikal thu tawmkhang kihal deuh ahih hang in kimuh khial kihuat ciang dawngbel omtuak lo hi. (Kum 1976 , Washington asih zawh kum 76, United State kumpi in Washington pen aksi(bawk) guk nei general za pia hi. Adeihna pen U.S.A General khempeuh lak ah amah bang aa zalian omnawn loding aa zaliat nasangpen apiak uhhihi.)\nKidona ongman ta in,gam sungzong galongdai ong lungmuanhuai ta hi. Ahih hang tualsung thukhen satding thu buai tuamtuam tammahmahhi.State pawlkhat pen amauleh amau thuki khen in kituah namun congress lah hat mello hi.Gam thukhunpi (constitution) lah nei theinai lo in, kum nga sungpen bangloteng tawh bei himai hi. Kum 1787 May kha sungin Gam thukhunpi bawlpawl pen Philadelphia ah tukhawm thei ta uhhi. Washington pen Philadelphia palai (sawltak) hi in, ih khawmpi ah makaipi (president)ding in sehuhhi. Hih gam thukhunpi thak pen zatding in akhentat zawh uh, kum 1789 April,30 ni in George Washington pen President masa pen dingin New York khawpi ah lungkim tak in telcing onghi ta hi.Congress in uap bilbel in gamthupi tak ongpiangkhia ahihi.\nGeorge Washington bang in American kumpi(president) hih ding midang kuamah om lohi. Kum 1792 in anih vein a kumpi sem dingin telcing hikik hi. Athumvei na takdingciang in kumpi(president) asepsawm nawnloh nathu tangkokhia hi.Hihpen anung hunongpai zel hun ah zat tohtohong hi ta hi. Kum 1796 September, 17 ni in kikhen na ding thugen in Mipi kiang ah U.S.A kipumkhat na hoihtak in kemcing ding in thuvaikhak hi. Gam dangte cih dan etteh lualawmlawm lo ding in leh gam thukhun zui aa kemcing ding cih thuvaikhak na bawl hi. American gam pen Europe gam tetawh kisap nakibang lo in, banghunbang hun aa kithukhat theih neih ahi zong, muh dah neih ahizong in kisamlo pi in kido na suak thei vat ahihman in kidopding cih thuzong vaikhak hi.\nHih mithupi pa pen kum 1796 in Mount Vernon aa a inn thupitak ah tawlnga hithiat ta hi. Ahih hang kum 1799 in USA leh France kido dingdinmun ah ongom vat hi.Agam leh aminam in akisap nahang in adinkhiat loh ongpha mawh ta mawkhi. Thu leh la om dan ongkan cian khit ciang in France pawl in kido lo in kilemding ut na thu, American pawlzong kido sang in kilem ding ut hi cih ongmu khia hi. Kumpi John Adams pen kido dingaut pawlmakai pi pa Hamilton pawl akho ding in ngaihsutna pia hi. Tua ciang kido dingongkipelh ta hi. Washington in adam sung hun pen manphatak in zangthei hi kici thei dinghi. Sumzuak sumlei na ah, kido na ah,kumpi nasep na te ah lawhcing mahmah gai mawk hi. Leitungbup mithupi telak ah zong alangpha makai minthang thupi khat ahihi.\nPrevious: UK te ii EU Commissioner zong nasep khawltading\nNext: Ei Zomi te ngeina a phunpi teng ~ Pa Cin Lian Khai


url: =ZOGAM leh ZOMI THU\nIndia mal-sak leh Burma mal-khang kici, sim leh mal zui-in Himalaya mualdung pan kipanin sim lamah Bay of Bengal tuipi pha dek in, sak leh khang zui-in Kawlzang leh India zanggam kikal sung, mualtung gam teng pen Tibeto-Burman kici khamtung minam tuamtuam in luah uh hi. Tibeto-Burman kim khat “Zo minam” ten pen Imphal zanggam pana sim lam Chittagong mualtung gam kiang dong luah in, tua pen Zogam ahi hi.\nZomi te pen hih lai munah a saklam Kawlzang panin kum zalom 12-na khawng panin tung in, minam khata a kipian cila kipanin Pasian in Zotate adinga a kamciam hih gam pen a luahpih leh a neihpih namdang kuamah om lo-in Zotate in Zo ukgam a phuhna hi a, Zogam hong piangkhia ahi hi. A gamvengte tawh lim taka gamgi khung om ngei lo-in, mal lamah Manipur leh Cachar gam, sim lamah Arakan leh Chittagong mualtung gam, khang lamah Tripura gam leh sak lamah Kawl-zanggam cihteng umcih hi.\nZogam pen namdang kuamah tawh kisai lo-in Zo minam tuamtuamte gam ahi hi. British te'n 1890 kum pan' kipan Ciau lui tawh khenin sak lam teng pen Chin hills vawh a, khang lam teng pen Lushai hills vawh in, mal lam teng pen Churachandpur District vawh hi. Ahi zongin hih thum ten Zogam teng huam kim zolo hi. Chin hills-ah Zomi leh Lai (Pawi) namte lian pen in, Lushai hills-ah Luseite lian pen hi. Tu-in Lushai hills-ah mihing 900,000 kiim omin, Chin hills-ah mihing 500,000 khawng leh Lamka (Churachandpur) District-ah mihing 200,000 kiim om hi. Kawlgam sunga Zomi te' khuapite pen - Tedim, Tonzang, Kawlpi, Gunkhawm, Khampat, Tamu, Homalin, Hakha, Falam, Thantlang, Matupi, Kanpelet, Paletwa leh Mindat khuate hi. Mizoram ah - Aizawl, Lunglei, Saiha, Lawngtlai, Chawngte, Champhai, Kolasib, Serchhip leh Mamit khuate hi. Lamka District-ah - Lamka, Thanlon, Singngat, Parbung (Tipaimukh) leh Henglep khuate ahi hi.\nZogam pen sim leh mal tehna a dung lam pen Equator mal lamah latitude 21.56 degree leh 24.30 degree kikal ah om-in, tai (mile) 250 khawnga sau-in kituat hi. Sak leh khang tehna a vai pen longitude 92.16 degree leh 94.20 degree kikal hi-in, tai (mile) 220 khawnga zai-in kituat hi. Mual leh guam tawh kidim, a kantan lampi kician om lo ahih manin tai (mile) in ahi zongin, kilometer in ahi zongin a zaina teh ding haksa mahmah hi. Lushai hills pen 21,087 sq.km zai-in, Chin hills pen 14,000 sq.mi in zai in, Lamka District pen 4,570 sq.km in zai ahi hi. Hih thum in a huam khak loh Zogam zaipi om lai hi. Zo minamte' luah gam teng khempeuh zaina pen sq.km 1,24,500 pawl hi ding hi.\nDr. Vum Son, Geologist muhna panin, Zogam leitangh pen moi mahmah lai hi. A suangte pen Mikang pau-a “sandstone leh slate” nam pian vive hi-in, guahtui leh hawktui in a nawtmaai theih namte hi. Leitangte zong kip lo-a, guahtui lutthei in, mencim baih mahmah hi. Leitangh uham dan tehna-ah Lushai hills leitangh pen Corezoic Era hun kici tu-ma kum then (million) 10-15 lai khawnga piang danin kituat hi.\nZogam leitang sungah minerals tampi tak omding in ki-um hi. Kawlzang tawh kidepna Gullu Mual-ah Chromate leh Nickel tampi kimu hi. Linestone leh suangphek (slate) zong tampi-om hi, kici hi.\nA LIM LEH AMEL\nZogam pen a vekpi phialin mual leh guam vive tawh kidimin singkung lopa namcin in bawmin hing diildial hi. Mualsang dawnte meii in bawmdimdem zel ahih manin lunglenhuai mahmah hi. Mualsang dawnte pan ciktui phul in, mualdung leh mualdung kikalah luino luipi in luang sialsial hi.\nZogamah munzaang tam lo-in mual leh mual kikala mun zaang tawmtawm omte buh ciinna in kizang in, Zogam bupah Champhai zaanglei zai pen hi. Mual leh guam kawmkalah tuilii (bualtui) neu om kawikawi in, a gol pen Ciau lui tunga “Rih” leh Chhimtuipui-a “Palak” ahi hi. Rih pen lungtang lim tawh kibang in etlawm mahmah hi. Mizo tual biakna-ah misi khua lampi-in Rihlii tawn hi, ci-in ki-um hi. Zogam bup sunga mun nuam pen Tedim uksunga om “Len Nupa” hi-in, Mizo ten “Buannel” ci hi.\nZogam pen leitung bupa khuahun hoihna pen pawl ahi hi. Equator leh Tropic of Cancer totna san ah omin, Mikang pau a “Sub-Tropical” gam a cihte ahih hangin “Tropical Gam” kici ziau zaw hi. Nitaang leh guahtui hoih mu-in, a singkung a lopate tawh kilem mahmah hi. Khua lum lua loin vot zong vot lua lo ahih manin singkung-lopa, mehteh-mehgah ciin theih loh om lo hi.\nPhalbi hun sung pen November kha leh February kha kikal hi-in, khuakhaal hunsung pen March kha leh May kha kikal ahi hi. Tuuksung sawt penin June kha panin October kha dong ahi hi. A pongpi in Zogam khuahun pen Phalbi lai-in -4 degree celcius leh 15 degree celcius kikal pawl hi in, khal lai-in 20 degree celcius leh 30 degree celcius kikal pawl ahi hi. Guahtui hoih mahmah in, a pongpi in kum khat sungin guahtui kia zah inche 200 khawng pha hi.\nZogam sungah mualsang tampi tak om a, a minthang diak nih pen Thangmual leh Lentaang mual ahi hi. Zogam bupa mual sangpen pen Chin hills-ah om in, a sanna pen Khawnu Vum(Mount Victoria) (Feet 10,400) leh a nihna Tedim uksunga om Thuam Vum(Kenedy Peak) (feet 9,000) ahi hi. Lushai hills-a mual sangpen Chhimtuipui District-a om Phawngpui Vum (feet 7,100) leh a nihna Sialkaltanga om Lengteng Vum (feet 7,050) ahi hi. Lamka District-a mual sang pen Thangching Vum (1999m) ahi hi. Tua lo, mualsang minthang dangte in Chin hills-ah -Thangmual, Innbuk mual, Lunmual, Bawipa mual, Awtaraw mual, Lentang, Takmual, Suangvum mual leh Khumvum mual ahi hi. Lushai hills-ah - Surtlang, Lurhtlang, Zopui Tlang, Sialkaltang, Sakawrhmuituaitlang, Reiek Tlang leh Dahpa mual ahi hi. Lamka District-ah – Lentang, Hiangkot Tang, Lungthul Tang, Kaihlam Tang leh Vangai Tangte ahi hi.\nZogam mualkuam teng lui tawh kidim in, Meitei gun(Gunlui) minthang pen hi. Meitei gun pen Manipur gam pan' kipanin Tedim uksung tengah simlam manawhin luang in, Pawite gam panin sak lam manawh in Mitta gun tawh kimat in, tua panin Tuikang gun (Chindwin) sungah lut hi. Lui minthangte pen Chin hills ah – Meitei gun, Kaladan gun, Bawinu gun, Ciau gun, Sialtang lui, Mitta gunleh Lemro gunte ahi hi. Lushai hills ah - Tlawng, Chhimtuipui (Koladyne), Khawthlangtuipui, Tuirial, Tuipui, Tuivai, Tuirini, Serlui, Tuichang, Mat luite minthang mahmah hi. Lamka District sungah Tuivai, Tuivel, Tuitha, Tuilak, Tuisa, Tuili, Tuizang, Tuikui, Tuilian, Ngazam lui, Tuipi, Lanva luite luang hi.\nSING LEH SA\nZogam khuahun pen hoih mahmah ahih manin singkung lopa leh nuntaakna a nei ganhing nam tuamtuam tawh kidim hi. Zogam ah taaksing, ngeisok kung leh gua tuamtuam tam mahmah hi. Tua lo Dol, Hiang, Teii, Mawng, Vau leh Vong singkungte zong pha mahmah hi. Ateh hing tawntung singkung nam tamzaw a hihman in Zogam hing dildial tawntung hi. Paak nam tuamtuam - Ngeisok, Palpi, Heisa, Zozam, Tumtaii, Phuitong, Lingpaak tuamtuamte a hunhunin paakin Zogam etlawmsak mahmah hi. Sahang tuamtuam, Vom, Gamsial, Ngal, Sazuk leh Zawng nam tuamtuamte teenna gam hi-a, vasa nam tuamtuam - Vaphual, Tawlawk, Mu, Gamak, Vagik, Va-ak, Simbu, Baibek, Peengpelep te tam mahmahna ahi hi.\nHih bangin Pasian in Zogamah Zomite nuntaak nadinga kisap teng a kicingin koih ahih manin Zomite pen minam hampha mahmah ahi hi. Tua ahih manin hih gam pen itna leh zahtaakna tawh a kep ding Zomite' mawhpuak ahi hi.\nZomite in “Zosuante” i cih, Mizo ten “Zo hnahthlak” a cih teng pen British kumpi in hong uk-ma-in amau hong ciaptehna-ah “wild hill tribes” ci-in, i gam pen “un-administered area”, ci-uh hi. Zosuan laka nitumna lam a tung masate pen Bengali leh Assamese te'n “Kuki” ci-in na ciamteh uh a, hih pen Mikang lai tawh a kiciaptehna 1792 kum hi ding hi. British kumpi-in 1872 kuma Mizoram laak a kipat ciangin, tua lai taka Lusei kampau tampen a hihna tawh a gam pen “Lushai Hills” vawhpah hi. Kawlgam lamah ahih leh “Chin” ci-in hong ciamteh hi. Mikangte in Zo minam teng pen mikhat sakhat a hong muhna tawh lom khata hong lawhnop uh ciangin “Chin-Kuki” cih bang, “Chin-Lushai” cih bang, cih bang zang uh hi. Tua ahih manin British kumpi-in Zomite tenna teng uk nadinga 1896 kuma a bawl thukhun zong “Chin Hills Regulation Act” vawh ziau hi. Hih thukhun pen Chin hills baanah Lushai, Kukite leh Nagate teenna teng huamsak in kizang hi.\nMikangte in Chin, Kuki, Lushai ci-a hong ciapteh uh hangin amau mah in, “Amau pen Chin hiam, Kuki hiam kici het lo mah uh hi ven,” hong ci kik veve uh hi. J.G Scott in a laibu, “Burma” sungah, “The names Kuki and Chin are not national, and like others, the people do not accept the name given to them by the Burmese and ourselves; they do not call themselves Chins and they equally flout the name of Kuki which their Assamese and Bengali neighbours use. They call themselves Zhou or Shu, and in other parts Yo (Zo) or Lai” ci-in, Dr. G.A. Grierson leh midangte muhna mah tawh kituakin na gelh hi. Bertram S. Carey leh H.N. Tuck ten zong Zote, Thadote leh Guite thu a gelhkhopna-ah “These Zos, Thados and Guites are called by the Manipuri’s Kuki or Khongjais, who only made their acquaintance after they had migrated north, but the people call themselves by the name of Zo (Yo)” ci-in na ciamteh uh hi. Guite Innpipa Pu Go Khaw Thang zong, “Go Khaw Thang, who, as already related, was seized by the Manipuris in the course of the Lushai expedition of 1871-72, was the Zo Chief of Mualpi,” ci-in Zo hausa mah na ci-uh hi. Mikangte-in Chin, Kuki in hong ciapteh uh hangin amau mahin ei leh ei pen Chin peuh, Kuki peuh i kicih loh lam hong tel mahmah uh hi.\nZomi te pen minam thu kante in Mongolian mite suan… Tibeto-Burman laka mi…” hi-in gen uh a, hih pen kipom kim thei tek hi leh kilawm hi. “Mongol” pen minam min hi-in, “Mongolian” pen zepna kammal (adjective) hi-a, “Mongolia” cih pen a gam min a hi hi. “Mongoloid” cih leuleu pen “Mongol” minam suan leh khak teng genna in kizang hi. Tua hi-a, Zomite pen mel leh sa tawh kizui-in Leitung minam lompi thum om laka Mongoloid minam hiangkhat(khenkhat) hi-in, kampau tawh kizui-a Mongoloid minam lompi thum laka Tibeto-Burman hiangkhat i hi hi.\nZomi nam te pen i bul i phung taktak (ethnic origin) a kikankhia nai lo ahih hangin ei pen Tibet gam tawnin Sengam pan Kawlzangah tungin, tua panin tu-a i omna tengah a kizeel hi hang, cih pen i pom thei tek hi. Pu Vum Son’ muhna-ah i minam min "Zo" cih pen "Zo" kici mi khat’ suante-i hih man hi, ci hi. Tua i pu i pate gam pen Sengam ah ei tawh i kibatpih Tibet mite, Kawl, Naga, Meitei, Bodo, Kachin, Lahute tawh teengkhawm hi. Sengam panin Zeisu suahma pekin sim lamah kitaikhia in, Zeisu suah khit kum za khawng ciangin Chindwin gam kuam tengah kiteeng ta hi, ci hi.\nKawlzang panin Zo minamte pen AD 1000 kum pawl panin nitumna lam khamtung gamah taai kipan ta dingin kituat hi. Khamtung gama-a taai, pawlkhatte in Ciimnuai khua sat uh a, tuate pen tulai taka “Zomi” a kici Tedim gam, Tonzang gam, Manipur gam leh Mizoram donga teeng, Ciimnuai-a piang a kici teng hi. Ciimnuai khua mun pen tulai taka Saizang khua khang ahi hi. Pawl khatte-in Sunthla khua kiangah Lailun khua sat uh a, tuate pen tulai taka “Lai” a kici- Falam, Haka leh Thantlang mite hi-in, Lailun a piang zong kici uh hi. Pawl khatte-in Sumpui munah Bochung khua sat uh a, tuate pen Lusei suan minam tuamtuamte hi-in, tua panin tulai taka Mizoram kici-ah kizeel uh hi.\nA taai lote Zomi pawlkhatte Yaw gamah thaam suak uh a, Kawlte tawh kihel uh ahih manin Kawl bang buang, Zo bang buang in khuasuak uh hi. Kawlte-in “Zo” pen “Yaw” ci-in gelh uh ahih manin “Yaw mi” a suak uh hi. Zomite khamtung lamah a lomin a tai-ma in khamtung gamah Khumi/Khamite na tungzo uh hihtuak hi. Asho-te pen khamtung kah lo-in Kawlzang leh Arakan zang lam zuan uh hi. Cho-te pen bangci lal uh hiam cih kithei lo hi.\nHih bangin Zomite pen namdangte-in a tuamtuama hong ciaptehna hang ahi zongin, i lalna lampi zawi kibat lohna hangin ahi zongin, tu-in lom tuamtuamin kikhenin nam tampi i kisuah hi. Hih banga lom tuamtuama i-omna pen nidanga minam khat hi napi damdama-a kikhenkhen maw, ahih kei leh nidanga minam tuam tek kihi napi damdama a kigawmgawm maw? cih pen ngaihsuthuaipi khat suak hi.\nMIN LEH PUAM\nTedim, Tonzang a om Zomite'n "Zo," "Yo," "Yao" cih kammal tetawh teenna mun zui-in Zomi ci-in khat leh khat kisam uhhi. Falam, Hakha leh Thantlang a om Zomite'n "Lai" "Laizo" ci-in Laimi kici uh hi. Mindat leh Kanpalet te'n"Choo" "Chou" Chaw" kici uha, Paletwate pen "Khu" "Khumi" leh Khami cihbang in a kinai mahmah kammal te zangtek uhhi. India gam lama Zomite'n bel "Mizo" cih kammal khatbek nazang uha, Assam leh Manipurgam Zomite "Paite" kici-uhhi. Ashio ci-a kisam Zomite pen zaanggam Kawlgam sungah Thayet, Thanteient, Aunglan, Minbu, Taungdwingyi, Natmauk, Pyinmna, cihbang tengah omhi. "Yaw", "Kyaw", "Saw" Zomi akici te pen Gangaw, Thinli, Saw, Ngaphea cihbang tengah teeng uhhi.\nNagate'n amau leh amau "Ozo" kici-in Grierson laigelh “LINGUISTIC SURVEY” laimai- 291 na-ah kigelhhi. "Ei" (we) acih agennopna hi. Tu-a Laimi akici te'nzong "ZOMI" mah hihang cihi, ci-in FK Lehman, “THE STRUCTURE OF CHIN SOCIETY” cih laimai 30 na-ah na gelhngei hi. Mirams (Laskher) te'n zong "Zao" mah kici hi, ci-in Garieson in “LINGUISTIC SURVEY” laimai 126 na-ah kigelh hi. Falam a Zahau te'n zong kapu-uh Zo mahhi, ci-a, tuamin pan Zahau a kilo hi-ung ci-in Garierson laigelh “Linguistic Survey” Laimai- 5 na-ah na kigelh hi. "Dzo" cihpen Tipra (Amau leh amau Tui-kuk) te'n zanga, Chittagong Mualdungah teeng uhhi.\nKawlte'n Zomite pen "Chin", "Khyang", "Chyin" cihbang a hongsap na-uh pen AD 1300 Pagan Suanglai gelhte' tungah kimuthei hi. Shin leh Kachin te'n Zomite pen "Chang", "Khang", Rakhinete'n "Chaw" hongci hi. Monte'n bel "Chieng", "Khyeng" hongci uhhi.\nDr. Vum Kho Hau, ST. Hau Go, Sing Khaw Khaite laigelhte panin i-et ciangin "Chin" akici pen Kawlkam a hi hi. A Chin-Chin, Thungei Chin (Comrades, Fellow) cih kammal pan' hongpai hiding hi ci-in Dr.Luce in nagen hi. Dr. Emil Forchhammer ihzong "Chin" cih kammal pen unau upen leh anautumpen kisapna hi, na cihi. Judson in Myanmar-English Abihdan sangah Kawlte'n Rakhine te u ci-in, Zomi te pen nautumpen cihi, ci-in genhi.\nZomite' thu akan pawlkhat in Zomite Khul(Khul Theory) pan' paikhia hi, ci leuleu uhhi. Sente' kumpi ahi Hsia, Shang, Choute' hun hidinghi, ci-uh hi. Hih "Chou" acih kammal pen nung ciangin "Zhou" ci-in a kilo ahihi.\n"Zo", "Yo" in hongciamteh uh a, minam khat, kumpi gamkhat hiding ih hong ciamteh uhhi. Chou (Zhou, Zo, Yo) kumpi-in BC 1122 pan' 256 dong ukhi, kici hi. BC 11 hongtun takteh Chin Dynasty hong kipan a, Kumpi Shi Huangti kici-in kum 14 kumpi semhi. BC 207 pan' AD 220 dong Han Dynasty hong kahto in midangte bawlsialua a hihman in Kawlgam lamah hong taikhia uha, Zomite Kawlgam i tun a kipan hi a cizong omzel hi. Sengam a Khul (Cave) min pen Chow-Kow-Tien cave (Kawl hawm/ Kawl buuk) a cizong omlai hi.\nRev. Dr. JH. Cope and Elizabeth Cope te December 21,1908 in Rev AE. Carson laih dingin hongtung a, April 19, 1901 ciang' Hakha pan' Tedim Heaqquarters ah hong kilaih (Transfer) ih kum 30 vilvel na hongsem hi. Rev. Dr. Cope in no Zomite pen Tibetgam a Mo-nget (Mongoloid) minam tawh samhendan, samkoihdan aa kipan na gamtat khuaheidan khempeuh uh kibang hi-uhteh hong cingei hi.\nKAWLGAM I TUNZIA\nKawlgam ah (1) Negrito, (2) Mon Kherma, (3) Shan--Karen, (4) Tibet--Burmate hongtung masa hi. Historian (Khangthusuut mi/pawl) ahi U Bashin, Maj. Bashin, Daw Thein, Mr. Hervey leh Dr. Htin Aung Tibet Myanmar minamte hih anuai-a bangin na khensuk laihi.\n(1) Seuh'uan minam; Hih minamte pen Yunan gam pan a hong paisuk Pyu minamte hi-in Kawlgam ah Bitano leh Thazi Khettaya khuapite lamin buaina hongtuak hi. AD 1st Century hun pawlin Pasan gam hongzuante hi. (Tawsengku laimai-9na)\n(2) Kamyan (Kanayan) te'n wathali leh Myo-Oo khuate hong lamkhit un Rakhine a i ciaptehte hi.\n(3) Thet (Set) zong adangte tawh kibang in AD 1st Century in Prome pan Pasan lama zuantote mahhi. (Tawsengku laimai-22na)\nKhangthu suutmi a tamzaw in Zomi, Kachi, Kaduu, Kanan, Tangtaa, Naga, cih mitepen hih (THET) pan' hongpiang uhhi, ci-uh hi. Tua ahih manin:\nBC 600 - Tibet pan' Hohit lui/Gun (river) zui-in Hukang Phaizang (Valley) kaantan sukin Chindwin gun suk tengah, Tuapan' Kawlgam ah Takang khuapi tengah kiom hi. Pawlkhat Irrawady gun leh Chindwin gun kimuhtuahna kiim tengah om uh hi. Thilawadi gun kiim aa teengte' min kitap in Chindwin kici hi. (The Home of Chin)\nAD 100 - Zomite pen Pagan kiang ah om Phayagyi cih munah teenghi. (Salai Hanlin)\nAD 600 - Sagaing, Mintangpin, Monywa, Dibeyin, Paleih cihte ah om hi.(May Bashin)\nAD 835 - Chindwin kuam ah om Shou Khuapi penpen Zomite' omna hi a, Nancho (SEN) te'n hong simkhia hi. (Capt. Sing Khaw Khai)\nAD 842 - Thayet, Aunglan, Minbu, Mintoung, Taungdwingyi, Tandwet, Popataung cih te ahom hi.\nAD 849 - Pagan (Pyu gam), (Pu gam) ah omin Dahpaa leh Penglam te' hun hidingin ki ciamteh hi.\nAD 1300 - Kawlkumpi te'n guallel a hong kisiat ciangin Shan tetawh Pinyah, Ava, Sagaing ci khua te-ah om hi. Hihhun pen Lengtonghoih hun hidingin ki ciamteh hi.\nAD 1300 - Yasagyo, Khawlin, leh Kawlpi te ah om kipan in1402-1423 Kyi Taung Ngo: Shan ukpi te' ukdong ki omlai hi.\nKHAMTUNG GAM I LUAHZIA\nAD 1420 kiim panin Kawlpi Phaizang pan Khamtung lam kizuan hi. Ahang a kikanteh Shan te' uknanuai nuamsalo-in kulhpi lamding in akuanlote akhutme uh tansak a, nikhat in Lawhpidim bang ngahhi, kici hi. Zaangpitam, Kawlmun Ciimnuai ah AD 1650 dong, kum 200-250 dong ciangbang omin khang 8 sungbang hi naciuh hi. Hih hunsungah Thangho leh Liando, Cingkhup leh Ngambawm, GalngamLeh Hangsai cihte' hun ahihi.\nLeitawlam/ khanglam gam a zuite'n Lailun, Seipi, Zothang khuate a na kicipah uhhi. (Falam-Lailun History)\n(a) Eiteng khawlkhawm a tuam omlo, Khul a piangin kileel le'ng,\nTuun sung khatpan' piang hi ngeingei hang ee,\n(b) Tuun sung khatpan' piang hi ngeingei hang ee,\nAD 1550 - Guite beh PU Guimang in Tedimkhua hongsat hi. (CSHS II Golden Jubilee)\nAD 1800 - Pu Khan Thuam chief teen sem hi.\nAD 1820 - Makai khua (9) te'n Tedim a nih veina hongsat leuleu uh hi. (Col. Khen Za Moong)\nAD 1870 - Tonzang khua kisaat hi.\nAD 1877-1878 - Guite teng avek phial in saklam/leilu lamah tai-uh hi.\nAD 1895 - September kha-in Zogam pen Kawlgam khutnuai-ah tung hi.\nAD 1896 - Chin Hills Regulation Act piang hi.\nAD 1948 - Kawlgam in suahtaakna ngah hi.\nAD 1974 - Chin State ci-in kilaih hi.\nOmna tawh kizui Minam kampau teng\n(1) Teizang\t(7) Khuano\n(2) Saizang\t(8) Hualngo\n(3) Sizang\t(9) Guite (Vangteh pau)\n(4) Zou\t(10) Paite\n(5) Thahdo\t(11) Phaileeng\n(6) Dim\t(12) Losau\nTanglai-in Zogam pen kuama khut nuaiah omlo-in Zomite amau leh amau ki-uk hi. 1896 kumin Mikang kumpi ukhun lai-in, India leh Kawlgam pen gam khatin uk khawm uh hi. 1948 kum a Kawlgam in suahtakna a ngah ciangin Zogam pen Chin Special Division kici-in a uk Zumpi pen Chin Affairs Council kici hi. 1974 kumin Zomite-in State ngah uh a, Zogam pen Chin State kici-a, Zo Zumpi pen Chin States People’s Council kici-in amasa in Rangoon ah om hi. Tua panin Kawlpi (Kalemyo) ah kituah a, tua pan tawl khat khit ciangin Hakha khua ah kikhin kikin, tu dongin Hakha ah om hi.\nKhuasung ki ukna\nKhuasung vaihawmna leh kiukna pen hausa leh a upate in sem a, thukhenna zong amau khut ah om hi. Hausa pen innkuan in kiluah toto a, a pa laih thei ding a-om kei leh a tanaute khat in Hausa semtosuak hi. Upa pen Hausapa-in amuan deuhdeuh a tel, a seh hi. Gam leh lei pen Hausapa khut ah om a, Zogam sunga Hausa khempeuh a thuneihna uh kikim khin hi. Hausa-in vaihawm ahih manin nasem lo-a, khuamite in siah sung uh hi.\nZomite in “theih loh pasian” na bia uh a, dawi na “thoih” uh hi. “Dawi bia” hilo in “dawi thoih” minam ahi uh hi. “Bia” cih ciang “thupha zong, zahtakna pia, amai ah, a thuneihna ah ki ap” hi a, “thoih” cih ciang “a lungkimna dinga khembawl, lungkimsak, mai et, lungsim leh pumpi ki-ap lo hi. A lungsim vuah a lian penpen “dawi” hilo in “theih loh pasian” hi masa a, tua pen “theih Pasian” ahih dongin kibia a, kingeina seh hi. Ahang pen natna a ngah uh ciangin ‘dawite hong bawl hi’ ci uh a, tuahphatna a ngah uh ciangin “dawite hong piak hi” ci lo uh hi, ‘hong siam khat om hi” ci uh a, tua pen “lungzai” zong kici hi. Sih zawh ciang “gun gal” kah ding uh a, tua ah a paisa it leh ngaihteng kim ding hi, gi bang kikhen om nawnlo in lei a thupina leh pahtawina a ngah khempeuh tawh tua mun ah nuamsa ding uh hi cih um uh hi. Tua man in “gun gal khuamun nuam” ah nuamsa-a a nuntak theihna ding in leitung a nuntak sungin mi tungnung hih sawm in, ton leh ai sa in hanciam uh hi. Tua “gun” pen Tuikangpi hi a ci pawl om a, Rih hi a ci pawl om hi. Lui khat ah a leitung nuntakna silsiangin “gun gal khua” ah mithak in lut hi cih um uh hi. Muh bat loh ah munthak, khuathak khat om a tua ah a paisate kituah khawm kik ding cih lametna na nei uh hi.\nAmerican Baptist Missionaryte in Zomite lam tampi ah hong pattah uh a, tua manin Zomite in mangkangte na ci liang uh hi. Ki thupi sim mahmah a, a lampai dan, a kizep dan, a tutdan, a pau dan, a om dan peuhmah thupi kisa in zong limtak in kiciing pah hi. A mau hun sungin a mang khempeuh lah Zomi hetlo mikangte vive hi takpi ahih manin “mangkangte” a ki cih pen a kithupi simna hi a, tuni tan in bei tuan lo hi. Sangin phuan in pilna hong sinsak uh a, cidamna hong sem in, lokhawh dan leh kizep dan hong sinsak uh hi.\nChristian suak zawh ciangin cidamna leh siangthona lim ngaihsut in, khawlni peuhpeuh in biakin ah kikhawm in puan hoih penpen silh uh a, siangtho na pen Pasian dan hi cih tel pah uh hi. Tua manin cidamna leh siangthona nakpi-in khang hi. Zeisu pan a hong pai maisak na in ‘phu kilakna’ beisak a, zu dawn kikham in niangtui leh niangphan ki limdawn a, ngeina hoihte biakna sungah damdam in ki seng hi. Christian suahna in dawi leh kau lauhna pan in Zomite suakta sakta a, kithoihna sa leh sum leh pai tampipi beite om nawnlo hi.\n1. Khanglui Biakna:\nNi dang lai-in Zomite in dawi leh kau, sing leh suang bia uh hi. Mual leh guamte kihta in vokno akno tawh nathoih uh hi. Dawi nam tampi inn dawi, gam dawi a bia uh hi. Hih bang biakna pen Mikang pau-in Animism kici a, leitung mi khempeuh phial in tanglai in tuabang upna leh biakna a nei uh hi. Kawlte in zong Buddha biakna a zuih ma-un hih bang khanglui biakna mah zui hi dingin ki-ummawh hi.\n2. Pau Cin Hau Biakna:\n1900 pawl ciangin gan tawh kithoih dawi biakna phiatin Pasian khat om hi ci-in upna biakna thak khat Pau Cin Hau in naphuan hi. Tua biakna thak pen kibawl phain tu-a Zogam sung bekah hi lo-in Manipur leh Aizawl gam Zomite' tenna dong in kizel man hi. Pau Cin Hau pen Tedim khua Khan Lian leh Cing Zam’ tapa hi a, 1859 kumin suak a, 1948 Dec. 28 ni-in Mualbem khua-ah si hi. Zolai phuankhia ahih manin tuhun ciangin “Laipian Biakna” ci-in kilo hi.\nZogam ah anungta Pasian' thu hong puak masa pen American Baptist Pawlpi hi. March 15, 1899 kumin Rev. A. Carson-te nupa Zogam tung hi. March 21, 1902 ciangin zato siam Dr. H. East-te nupa Zogam hong tung uh hi. Missionary masa pen Rev. A. Carson April 1, 1908 kum a sih ciangin Dec. 21, 1908 ciangin Dr. J.H. Cope te nupa hong tung hi. Dr. East pen a gam tawh kituak lo-a dam thei lo ahih manin sawt om lo-in America ciah kik pah a, a laih dingin zato Dr. J.G. Woodin te nupa November 11, 1910 ciangin hong tung uh hi. Dr. Woodin te 1915 kumin Bhamo-an kisuan uh ahih manin Zogam nasem dingin Dr. C.V. Strait te nupa October 2, 1925 ni-in hong tung uh hi. June 11, 1938 ni-in Dr. Cope a sih ciangin Dr. F.O. Nelson-te 1940 kumin hong tung uh hi. A nunung penin Rev. R.G. Johnson te nupa February 2, 1946 ni-in hong pai uh a, 1966 kumin ciah kik uh hi. Amau nupa pen American Baptist Missionary Zogam pan a ciah nunung pen ahi uh hi. Hi bangin Zogam ah Khristian Pawlpi hong kipan a, 1940 kumin R.C.M. Pawlpi, 1948 ciangin S.D.A. Pawlpi hong tung uh a, tu ciangin Khristian Pawlpi tuamtuam tampi Zogam ah piang hi.\nZogam ah tui kiphum masa pen Thuam Hang leh Pau Suan hi-a, April 4, 1904 ni-in Rev. Carson in tuiphum hi. Missionary-te leh Zomi Khristian masate in haksatna tampi tawh na hong sep ciangun hi bang tuiphum mihing khan’tohna kimu hi:\n1915 kum – mi 150\n1930 kum – mi 1,591\n1940 kum – mi 5,514\n1950 kum – mi 19,655\n1960 kum – mi 37,705\n1970 kum – mi kithei lo\n1980 kum – mi 69,191\nHih pen Zomi Baptist Convention (ZBC) ciaptehna bangin tuiphum sa teng bek hi-a, Pawlhuam milip hi lo hi.\nMinam ni, akici kammal khempeuh in bang gam bang gam ah ahizongin, kua mi nam kua mi namte kiangah ahizongin, gambuppi’ vai thupi khat, tangtut ni, gualzawh ni ki-ciaptehna ni hi kim hi. Tua ahihmah bangin, Zomi Nam Ni i cih in zong, Zomi buppi’ suahtakni, Zomigam kiukna i kheel zawh ni, Zomi buppi’n democracy i ngah ni, cihnopna hi.\nZomi Nam Ni pen 1948 kum, February 20 ni-a piang hi. Tua ma in, i Zomigam bangci hiam cih theih huai hi. Tua hun lai-in, Zomigam ki-ukna pen bang thukhun tawh ki-uk hiam cih leh Chin Hills Regulation Act akici, British Kumpi’n 1896 kuma abawl thukhun tawh ki-uk hi. Tua thukhun in tu-a, i Zomigam sung teng bek hilo-in, tulaitaka Mizoram akici Lushai Hills teng, Manipur gam singtang teng, tu laitaka Nagaland akici gam teng, tu-a Sagaing Division sunga kihel Sommra Hill teng leh Mizoram taw lama Cacha-chakma gamteng uk hi.\nTua the Chin Hills Regulation Act ii deihna bulpi bang hiam cihleh feudalism akici ukpi-ngeina tawh ki-ukna hi-a, ukpi te’n amau ukna gam sung teng ah, siahtung siahphei, saliang sapa, tuktha khaltha kai hi. Hausa zong ukpi-te’n apiak peuh hausa suaka, gam bup ukna pen amasa in hausa, tua khit ciangin ukpite, vuandokte, vuandok tung ah mangpi, mangpi tungah menzi cih bangin ki-uk a tua menzi pen Zogam ah koihlo-in Kawlgam, Magway khua ah koih hi. Tua ahih manin, hih feudalism ki-ukna Zogam ah kiphiat hen ci-a, Magway menzi zum-ah Pu Suang Khaw Kam pai-in vagen hi.\nTu-a i Zomi Nam Ni pen, 1948 kum, January 4, zingsang lam nai 4:20 hun in, gambup suahtakna i ngah khit ciangin, President masa pen ahi Sao Shwe Thaike Falam ah ong pai-in, ama om sung mah in Zomi Nam Buppi kikhopna kibawl a, tua kikhoppina ah Pu Thang Za Kai (Subidar) in,” Ukpi ngeina bei hen, gambup suahtakna kingah khin a democracy tawh ki-uk ta ahih manin, Zomigam ah zong, democracy ngeina tawh ki-uk ni “cih thu sung a, mipi’n thukimpih maw thukimpihlo cih thu, tu-le-ding in khentat uhi. Akikhawm mi buppi 5000 val pha sung pa’n, atamzaw thamin thukimpih in, mi 17 in thukimpih lo bek hi.\nTua ahih manin, 1948, February 20 in pen Zomi buppi gualzawh ni, Zomi buppi suahtak ni, ahih manin, ZOMI NAM NI kici hi. Lamkhat ah ukpi ngeina apiangsak The Chin Hills Regulation Act asih ni ahi hi. Hi bangin mipi’ deihna tawh The Chin Hills Regulation Act kiphiat khia-a, mipi deihna democracy tawh ki-uk theihna dingin, Chin Special Division Act kibawla, tua thukhun tawh i Zogam ki-uk i hih manin, siahtung siahphei om nawnlo, tuktha khaltha om nawnlo, saliang sapa om nawnlo–in, hausa upa zong, mipi teelte bek in hausa sem thei hi. Khua nga khua guk bang kigawm in khawk khat in kiseha, tua khawk sunga hausateng in khawk-uk ding teel leuleu-uhhi.\nTua ahih manin, ZOMI NAM NI apian’ khit ciangin, i gam sung ki-uk dan pen, khua hausa khua-sung mipi’n teel hi; tua mipi teel hausatengin khawk-uk teel leuleu uhi. Tua khawk-uk khit ciangin, vuandok, vuandok khit ciangin mangpi, mangpi khit ciangin, menzi hi-a, tua Zomigam uk menzipa pen Magway ah om nawnlo-in, tua hun lai-a Zogam khuapi ahi Falam ah om hi. Zogam Zumpi pen Zangkong ah kikoih hi. Hi banga mipi’ deihna tawh akiphiat lohna gam, India gam bangah tu lai taka, Manipur State sunga om, Behiangzang, Tonglawn khua cihte, tuni dongin, tua The Chin Hills Regulation Act om lai ahih manin, hausate’n akhua, atui tungah siahkai lai-a, agam leitang tungah zong tuni dong thunei lai hi. Zogam ah Zomi Nam Ni apian’na dinga avaihawm party in KSVP akici (Khamtung Suahtak Vaihawm Pawlpi) hi-a, amakaite in Maha Thray Sithu Capt. Mang Tung Nung leh Pu Thang Khaw Kai ahi uhi.\nKhanglui te'n “La-in thu hi-a, thu-in la hi,” acih mah bangin hihbang in la-in naphuak/sa uhhi.\n(a) Lia-le-taang tem bang kitawi un, ZOMI NAM NI lam bang pak le’ng, lam bang pak le’ng ee.\nKI CIAPTEH NA\nVaphual in singkung vasate lak panin a lian bel a minthang bel vasa khat a hi hi. Zomi ngeina ah Vaphual ki aii-a, la zong kinei hi. Vaphual in singgah ne-a, mihingte nawngkai sak ngeilo hi. Mihingte mah bangin mo kipi-a, nupa kopin nungta-uh hi. Munkhat pan munkhat a lal uh ciangin, a hon a honin lal uh a, a thuang a thuang in leeng uh hi. Vaphual te mo a kipi ciangin a lamdang diakin leng thei uh hi.\nVaphual a-op ciangin a pa in bit takin a bu bawlsak a, a-an neekna dingin a muk bek hon sak hi. A-op sungin apa in anu anvak hi. Apa-in anu an a puak ciangin, a bu a kisiatna mun amuh leh anu pen ''Adang tawh omkhawm hi teh” ci-in tulum kici hi. Tua beklo-in nupa kopkhat pan' khat asih leh kisihpih a hihman in Zomite-in cihtakna, siangtho, thukho thutak khatin ngaihsun a, zahtak in minam ciaptehna in zanguh hi. Mihing nupate vaphual tawh kigenteh hi. Numeite vaphual multawh kizem uh hi. 1980 kum Kawlgam bup Minam Ni-in, Zomite minam ciaptehna-in Vaphual lim a la-uh hi.\nSangmang J. H Cope in a genna ah Zomite nuntakna pen mikangte hong tunma pek in zong zahtak huai mahmahta hi ci hi. Ahi zongin mualtunga teng Zomite ngeina pen namdang hong lutte in dausak a, siasak hi ci-in a laibu “Awakening of the Northern Chins” ah at hi. There are evidences that these people once had a higher civilization. This is seen from the fact that they are completely clothed and do not appear ever to have been headhunters or cannibals. There is even a tradition of a written language. They differ from many Hill tribes in that violent crime is rare polygamy not very common, women more respected, and warfare carried on less brutally than in many Hill districts.... After reaching the Hills they quickly spread out in little villages in the narrow valley and many dialects soon developed.\nZomite pen tuma kum tampi laipek panin Kawlgam saklam mualtung leh zaanggam sunga teengte i hihi. Mualtung keendang tengah teengin kikawm kihawhna hamsa ahih manin I ngeina izia-itong pawlkhat tawmtawm in hong ki lamdang hi.\n) Nik leh puan silhna thu\nZomite pen khi ok, kawnggak gak, tukbel tep ihi hi. 1904 kum in Zomite khitang Wate khuapi gei ah kito khia hi. Hih in Zomite leh kawlte hun khat laiin kiteengkhawm hi cih hong lak hi. 1971 kumin S. B. Kham Tin Zam Vungh in Sabani khua, Sagaing Division ah Zomite khitang leh tukbel tampi tokhia hi.\nNumeite in a sam uh phek in, phek thum phasak uh a, a liangko nih tuakah kaisak uh hi. Bilvut in bilbah bah uh hi. Khi ok in, nik kawg ah gak uh hi. Christian suak khit ciangin Nipini a silh ding leh nasepna a silh ding puan nei tuam uh hi. Numei khempeuh in siamgan, khauphan thei in, pasal khempeuh in thau kap thei uh hi. Pasalte in nangphan in, bawmphan uh a, ciang leh lawhte phan uh hi. Siksek khempeuh pasal nasep hi a, tem, hei, tu, tei khempeuh a tavuan hi. Inlam leh gawlbawl khempeuh pasal in sem hi. Zomite in ansuk khekna dingin Tui-ansu bawlkhia uh hi. Ni leh kha leh aksite na en in a tangthu na theihsawm uh a, aksi tai leh aksi kiate zong na ciamteh uh hi. Aksi kihei dan, khabei, khalik, khadete in hun na ciamteh uh a, phalbi leh khawkhal zong nisuak dan in na ciamteh uh hi. Khuapang a san leh khua pha ding ciin na genkhol thei uh hi.\nKitenna pen a ki thupi ngaihsut hi a, a hoih pen mah kizong ciat hi. A melhoih, a migi, a siam, a pil, a tei mah mo dingin nute in na deih uh a, a hangsan, a thahat, a kivate mah nute in makpa dingin na deih uh hi. Numei man pen a kitengding inkuan nihte thukimna bang hi a, a kitendan leh a kitenhun khempeuh amau khut ah om hi. Tagah leh meigong a om leh Zomite in limtak in na khoi in na keem uh hi. Angkawmna leh khialhna a om leh hausa leh up ate in thukhen uh a, ki thahna pen kigawtna in kizang ngei lo hi (capital punishment was never in practice).\nc) Nupa suah dan\nMi a sih ciangin vui pah lo in siluang nithum bang kikoih hi. Siampi in phuisam in, zu mop a, kawsah sa go in, a si pen thupi takin a kha khia uh hi. Gal ai sa ai ahih leh a luang kizawng in dai ah kisia a, a sa a muat khit, a tolh khit ciangin a guhkeu la in han ah a phum uh hi. Dai ah a ki koih sungteng a nuai ah meipi kikhul a, a sithu a luan kang baihna ding cihna hi. Tua veh dingin nupite daihawh in, tua siluang kiangah va kap thei zel uh hi.\nMi minthang tampi lak pan Galngam leh Hangsai, Leng Tong Hoih, Cing Khup leh Ngam Bawm, Thang Ho leh Lian Do, Mauzuang te unau, Cin Thang leh Tuai Zam, Tangthu minthang lak ah Dahpa, Sangak leh akpi, Aksinelkai, vanleng nungak, ...\nf) Lo neihna\nBuh leh taang pen antak kici a, vaimim, bal, kawlkai leh be pen kial an kici se hi. Gankhawi lak pan Sial thupi pen a, kel leh ui leh akte pen nektawm dingin kizang hi. Bawng pen a nawi nekdingin kikhawi a, Sial pen moman dingin kipia thei hi.\nTangvalte' giah khawmna dingin Sawm kinei a, Sawm upa in khangnote pattah in thuhilhna nei zel hi. Tua lai ah kidemna tuamtuam kanteh, leilamkan, tai kidem, suangpum lot, kibuan, tei khawh, kisukheek, leh a tuamtuam kinei hi.\nh) Pawi tuamtuam\nPawi tuamtuam Sialsawm pawi, Khuado Pawi, Ton, Gal ai, Sa ai. Zangta lam, lamngui, dak lam, phit lam cih bangin kinei hi.\nGal ai, sa ai hih ding, mim za taangza kho hih ding kidem uh a, kumsim buh leh vaimim, bal, kawlkai leh mehteh mehgah kumkhat kham ding neih ding hanciam uh hi. A hatna teng khempeuh uh tawh tua sem in a hun tamzaw uh nasepna in na zang uh hi. Pilna sin leh kidemnate pen nasep loh sung hun awng ah hih bek uh hi.\nKhuado pawi i cih pen Zomite' pawineih thupipen leh limzatpen ahi hi. Hih pawi pen tuuk anlak khit ciang kibawl hi. Hih Khuado pawi bawl hun leh Vaite pawipi “Diwali Puja” leh Kawlte pawipi “Mithuun Puai” bawl hun kituak a, Khuado pawi i bawlzia tawh kibat mahmahna nei-in mei kide tek hi. Kawl leh Vai ten “Khuaimeivak” de in, Zomite in “Meilah” i de hi. Hih panin Zomite pen minampite mah banga ngeina zia leh tong kicing a nei i hih lam kilang mahmah hi. Tua banga ngeina zia leh tong kicing a nei minam picing kihi napi in, minam picing hong hisak I minam pawipi Khuado I neihna natawm a thei lo tampi ki-om ding hi. Minam Pau, lai, ngeina, pawi leh khanglui vante kician a nei lote minam picing kici thei lo ahih manin a it lo, a keem lo, a puah lote minam khangto suak ngei lo hi. Tua ahih manin Khangthak Zomite phawnna ding deihna tawh Khuado pawi thu kong kaikhawm ahi hi.\na) A khiatna\nZopau-ah “Khua” cih in khiatna nam tuamtuam nei hi. Pasian genna in “Khuavak” kizangin, Dawite genna in “khuazing” kizang hi. “Do” icih in zong khiatna nam tuamtuam mah nei-in, a sialam leh a hoih lamin kizangkhawm thei hi. I-it ingaih hong zin hong lengla a om ciangin zindo, lenglado ci-in “Do,” zatna mun a-om mah bangin, hong bawlsia thei dawi leh gaalte i sim ciangin zong “Do” galdo kici hi. Zomite in “Pawi” icih pen Mikangte in "Festival/Feast," ci-in, Kawlte in “Puai” ci-in, Vaite in “Puja” ci-in leh Mizote in “Kuut” ci-uh hi. Hih thute panin Khuado pawi pen thupha hong guan Pasian dona, lungdam kohna leh thupha ngetna pawi hi-in; a lang khat lamah hong bawlsia thei dawi leh kaute lak pan kisiansuahna dinga dawi leh kaute hawlkhia-a dona pawi ahi hi.\nb) A kipatna\nZo taangthu suutte leh thugelh masate-in Khuado Pawi pen Ciimnuai Innpipa Pu Tuah Ciang hunlai pek panin lim takin kizang khin dingin ngaihsun uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, Pu Tuah Ciang pen Zo ngeina zia leh tong a geelkhiapipa in kingaihsun ahih man hi. Tua ahih manin Khuado Pawi ineih zawh pen kum zaguk peuhmah sawt khin ding hi. Khuado pawi pen khangthak ngeina zui-in Manipur gamah Tedim Chin Cultural Club makaihna tawh October 11, 1969 kumin Taang-nuam khua-ah zat kipanin, Mizoramah Zomi Society makaihna tawh November 12, 1994 kumin Sairang, Tlawng lui-ah kizang hi. Tuipi gaalkaai Zomi ten Singapore Zomi Innkuante makaihna tawh 1995 kum panin Singapore khuapi-ah “Leitung Bup Zomi Khuado Pawi” min vawhin zat hong kipan toin, tu ciangin leitung bupa Zomite omna peuhmah kizang kawikawi ta hi.\nKhuado pawi in “Ni” nei lo-in a hun bek nei hi. Ahi zongin a hun pen kum sim September leh October kha sung hi zawdeuh hi. Bang hanghiam cihleh, Khuado pawi pen tuukan lakkhit cianga kibawl hi a, khuahun zui-in kum khat leh kum khat, khua khat leh khat khat, anlaak hun a kituak theih loh baanah, khuasung ah mipite omkim lai paang, khualzin gamvaak te' ciah/tun'kim theihhun dingtawh a kibawl ngeina ahih manin Khuado ni pen kiciangtan theilo-in Lawki (Dawibiak) hunlai-in Tualteekpa-in khuadoni ding vaihawm hi. Ahi zongin tuhun ciangin khuado ni ding leh vai khempeuh taangpi tawh kisai ahih manin hausa leh upate-in vaihawm uhhi.\nd) A tuunkhawm teng\nKhuado pawi pen i Zo pawi thupi pen leh i lim zat pen ahih mah bangin hihna, ngimna, deihna tuamtuam tawh a kidim, a nuaia bangin tuunkhawm tampi a nei ihi hi:\n1. Kumkhen Pawi: Zolai simbu sungah “K = Khuado pawi - Kumkhen pawi” ci-a a kisin mah bangin Khuado pawi pen Zomite kum khenna hunpi khat ahi hi. Hih pen a kitelna dingin khanglui ten “la-in thu hi, thu-in la hi” a cih mahbangin Khuado pawi-a kisa la dawng khat en sai lehang:\n(a) Kum kikhen e, solkha dang e, Zin in a vang khua zong hen aw...\n(b) Zin in a vang khua zong hen aw, Siansung tui bang siang hen aw...\n(a) Tu kawl tawi kum khua I khen a, Ningzuu khum leh aisa aw e...\n(b) Ningzuu khum leh aisa aw e, Khankum sawt ciam lai leng e...\nhih la in Khuado pawi pen Zo kum lui leh kum thak khenna a hih lam kiciansak hi. Tuhun ciangin Mikang hun khenzia “Gregorian Calendar” zui-in kum lui beina December 31 leh kum kipatna January ni 1 ni-izuih zenzen hang Zo kum lui leh kum thak khenna pen Khuado ahi hi.\n2. Anlak Pawi: Khuado pawi pen Anlak Pawi zong kici thei hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Khuado pawi pen tuuk anlak khit bek cianga a kibawl leh tua anthak te muanga a kibawl hi a, kum khat sung tawntung I khawh I ciinnate pana hong piang thupha khai leh an tuamtuam aihna leh tuate hong pia, hong siam pasian tungah lungdam kohna in a kizang pawi ahi hi.\n3. Khuailak Pawi: Khuado pawi cianga a min thang mahmah khat pen Khuailakna hi. Khuado khuailak i cih ciangin a kimawk lak hi loin, khuaibu (khuaipheng) panin hong tung ding kum pen kum hoih ding maw, sia ding; kicidam ding maw, kina ding cihte theihnopna-a aisan na in a kizang ahi hi. khuaibu leh a note omzia panin kum thak sunga mabaan ding kithei thei ci-in khangluite in ngaihsun uh hi.\n4. Meidet Pawi: Khuado pawi a vaamsakpi pen meidetna ahi hi. Khuado ni masa pen meilah lak ni-in ki-zangin “Meilah lak ni” a ci zong om hi. Hih meilahte pen pawi sung teng tawntung lim kizat mahmah hi. Dawi leh kaute dona (kaubetna, meidetna) a kipan khawsiam pasian a vaak tawh donna in zong a kizang, a kitangsak, a kivaak zihziah ahih manin khuado pen Meidet pawi zong cih theih hi.\n5. Siansuah Pawi: Khuado pawi pen siansuah pawi zong ahi hi. I pu I pate in mihingte a nasak, a sisak leh mihingte tunga tuahsiatna tuamtuam a tungsak pen dawi leh kaute gawh uh hi. Tua dawi leh kaute tawh a teengkhawm hi dingin kingaihsun lai uh hi. Khuado cianga “Kaubetna” leh “Meidetna” in a ngiimpi pen zong mihingte a bawlsia dawi leh kaute notkhia-a innsung, khuasung, gamsung siansuah ahi hi.\nKhanglui i pu i pate' ngeina-ah Khuado pawi in ni sagih sung tak na-awih uh hi. A hizong in tuhun ciang in i tual biak(dawibiak)na a khah nai lote sungah nithum sung bang kizang pen hi.\nd) Kigin ni\nNidang lai-in anseng khit, khapi taan lai tak, khua sungah mipi kim ta-uh ei, acih ciangin huasapa in, "khai khai khai, guaite aw, na na ngai tek un, zing cianga kipan khua kido ta ding hi," ci-in tangkopa awngsak hi. Tua ni pen “Kigin ni,” kici hi.\nKhuado ding pulak ni pen Kigin ni, Meilah laakni, Laamsialni, ahih kei leh Vaihawmni kici hi. Hih ni-in khuado sunga gamtatdan ding leh a kisam ding teng vaihawmna, kithawina ni cih ding ahi hi. Singlam, tuilam kisialin tuinaak kihah hi. Khuado sunga zat ding vaak ding meilah la dingin khuasung nungak tangval inn lusikin gamlakah kuan uh hi. Lokuante in kha sam in, "a site kha, a hingte kha na-om uh leh hong ciah un, zuu leh sa ne ding hi hang," ci-in phuisamin lo buuka suangthu teng sawnpaai uh hi. Tua ni-in khuasung ah papite-in khuado sunga tum ding phiit bawl hi ta leh, khuado sunga gamtatzia ding hi ta leh kikumkhawmin lawman, zuubeel luupin tukhawm uh hi.\ne) Pansik ni\nKhuado a ni masa ni hi-in, “Api ni” ahih kei leh “Pansik ni” zong kici hi. Hih ni pen Khuado pawipi ni, gualnop pen ni zong hi-in, hih ni-in Sagawhna, Daihawhna, Khuado ankuang uumkhawmna, Kaubetna leh a zan ciangin Khuailaknate kihih hi. Zingsang khuavak phetin Lawmte' kong biangah dawi leh kau dalna in zuu beeltung khat tui leihsa, peeng siatsa in kiluup in, a kiangah zasan(maza) haalbangsa leh meihol kikoih hi.\n1. Sagawhna: Khuado pen neihsa, khawhsa, vulhsa teng tawh hih theih zahin kibawlin vok kigo pen hi. Zingsang khuavaak ciangin papite in a pawl a pawlin vok goin, nithum sung a khom ding siit tuam pah uh hi. Sa semna-ah sakuang nam nih om in, sasem papite in a vok khawite leh a langte tan ding tuak a khen ma-un amau teng khamkhop ding thuuk masa uh hi. Tua pen “Sakuang baal neek” kici hi. Vok vulhte leh a langte' hawm pen “Sakuang Hawm” kici leuleu hi. Sagil bawl kawm, sa sem kawm, zuuluup zuudawn kawmin taang ziahziah uh hi. Tua lai takin inn nupite-in a-inntek uhah taaksih gaan huan uh hi. Naupangte-in khuang leh zam, daktal leh sialki tumin a sisate phawkna in mualte hah siang uh hi.\n2. Daihawhna: Sate a min phetin a sin-a lung, a tuap leh a kalte themno tek eeukhia-in sawm tangvalte-in tua kum sunga misi a nei innkuanpihte puak uh hi. Hih sa sungkuate pen misite a ding a kikoih tuam hi-in, sun lam ciangin nupite-in zuu khaihsa leh taaksih tawh tua sate kengin haanah misite va lui uh hi. Hih pen “Daihawh” kici hi. A sisa a innkuanpihte' luguh pen sathau zuutzuut in zuu leh sa leh taaksih tah uha, hih pen “Si-ansuah” kici hi. Khua do pen a si leh a hing-te kizopna tawpna, kikhakna hunin kingaihsun ahih manin khuado ciangin mi pawl khat lungleeng khawngai-in kapkap mai uha, la zong hih bangin sa-uh hi:\n(a) Do na liingliing, do na liingliing e, Gualin kumkhua do na liingliing e,\n(b) Gual in kum khua do na liingliing e, Do haanah naubang vakap ta'ng e...\n3. Ankuang uumna: Daihawhte nupite inn hong tun kik masiah an kineeksan thei lo hi. Nitaak ankuang uum dingin kikai khawm uh a, mi a kim takteh, papi a tal taak pen in zuu kam khat teepin phihin phuisam hi. Tua khit ciangin, a baan a baanin zuu pen gual teep uha, ankuang sa kuang uum-khawm uh hi. Anneek khit ciangin i Zo ngeina bangin ki-it, kingaihna, kideihsakzia lahna in sabaak leh sangoi kibaak khengkhangin gualnuam thei mahmah uh hi.\n4. Kaubetna: Khanglui i pu i pate' hun lai-in misi a om ciangin a kha pen misi khua-ah pai pah lo-in, innsung, innnuai, innkuun leh sumtawng teng khawngah khuado masiah thaamcip den dingin ngaihsun uh hi. Tua ahih manin misite a gil uh a kial mahmah ding ngaihsutna tawh misi a-om teh kawsah, ankhai, lukhung an cih bang kilui hamtang hi. Khangluite in misite pen dawite' peh hi, ci-in ngaihsun uh hi. Tua ahih manin khuado sunga gilna laina a om lohna dingin dawi leh kaute notkhia-in kau kibeng hi. Anneekna a man khit uh ciangin kaubet nadingin meilahte sau silselin lim takin tenin a lom a lomin kihencip hi. Kaubet ding ciangin kong sak leh kong khangah meilah taakna ding nahtangkuak kikoih masa phot hi. Hausapa innah pasal teng kikaikhawmin phiit lem uh hi. Tua ciangin inn kimin meilah de ciat uh hi. Tualteekpa (siampipa) in a thau lawnin kaubet hong kipan pah hi. Tualteekpa khit ciangin midangte in beng bei pan hi. Kaubet pen pasal tangzang khat peuhin khut lang khat lamah meilah lom det kawmin tunga, heiga leh singkhuahbawk khat peuh tawi-in innsungtawng panin inntung innnuai innkawm teng baan satin:\n“Dawi hang, kau hang, nam hang aw, Na zun, na ek namsia, na ni na kha ciang ta; Nazi nata te'n hong lamet zawh sawtta, Nakhua, na tui zuan in,”\nci-in kiko gamgam hi. Tua banga innkawm teng baansat in innkongbiang a tun ciangin a tunga pen daipua denna in, “A khuukbuuk, a ngaltaak kha ing ei,” ci-in a meilah ken khen nih suahin, lom khat khang gawlah, lom khat sak gawlah a kuangsa in siatin nusia hi. Hih pen dawite' hong lut kik ngam nawn lohna ding ahi hi. Tua kaubengpa pen mi thumin zui-in, khatin khuang, khatin daktal leh khatin thau tawi hi. Kaubet kipat ding ciangin thau khatvei lawnin, inn kongbiang a tun ciangin khatvei lawn kik hi. Inn khempheuh ah kau a kibet lai takin tumtheih tummawh teng tumin, thau lawnin kisa ngeingai hi.\n5. Meidetna: Inn khempeuhah kaubetna a man khit ciangin, sawm tangval tengin gua dawnah meilah siatin a desa in khuang, zam leh daak tawh a honin hausapa inntualah kisutuahin thum vei kiimvial uh hi. Dena kaubetna kammalte mah zangin kizui kawmin awngin kiko damdam uh hi. Tua panin tum theih teng khempeuh tumin a lawhsa kammal teng mah lo kik zelin khuatual (Tualbiakna) ah pai-in thum vei mah kiimvial leuleu uh hi. Hih pen dawi neng kau neng bang neng peuhmah om nawn kei hen a cihna uh ahi hi. Sawm tangvalte khua sung hong lut kik uh ciangin meilah tum baangte hong lutpih kik thei lo uh hi. A hang in, dawi nawhna lamah meilahte natawm niin baangin siangtho nawn lo dingin seh uh ahih man hi. Meilah tum bang te khuanawl sing dawn, phung dawn peuhah siatin nusia uh hi. Mun khen kahtah tua meilah a tum baang teng kaikhawm uh a, meiphual sat uh hi. A khu a tam theihtheih nangin sawlbawk tawh khuh uh a, meikhu a paikhiatna dingin a laizang mun khat vangsak uh hi. Tua munsan pan meikhu hong zamkhiat ciangin siampipa in-\n“Sim kum pha hen na cih leh simah kaai in; Zo kum pha hen na cih leh zo-ah kaai in; Sim kum kong ngetna hi; zo kum kong ngetna hi; Miimbeem kong ngetna hi; Taangbeem kong ngetna hi; Cidam kong ngetna hi; ludam kong ngetna hi; Ludam, lungdam, khan sau kong ngetna hi; Tu sawn, ta sawn kong ngetna hi;Khi-awh pha, taubulh pha kong ngetna hi; Galmang lu, samang lu kong ngetna hi,”\n6. Khuailakna: Kaubet zawh lamna dianna teng a man ciangin, a kihawisa khuaibu la dingin sawm tangval te kuan uh hi. Tua khuaibu leh a note omzia panin kum thak sungah an leh tuikham leh kial, nat leh da-ma kipan tuahsiat tuahphat ding kihilna in ngaihsunin aisanna in akizang ahi hi. Tua hi a, khuailakna pen kithupi seh mahmah hi. Khuado khuai lakte pen zuu (khuaizu)a nei nam hi loin, no a nei nam, mi a deh thei nam, sing tung ahih kei leh lei sunga a kaai nam- tuunpi, tuunpi malnen, ngaltuun, ngaltheen, khuaimul leh khuaithumte khuaibu (khuaipheng) kila pen hi. Tua ciangin khuailakna-ah zat dingin Khuang khat, sial-ki khat, daktal a kipua zo zahzah, zuubeel peeng siatsa beel khat, khuaisah zu a vekin, phiit bu a kibawl zah-zah, naang lukhu kikeng hi. Zan puan ding leh a zing cianga kizepna ding puan a koihcingte zong pua uh hi. Khuailakna a kikeng zuu pen “Khuaisah Zuu” kici hi.\nZuute pen hausapa-a kipan khanghaam upate in beel khat ciat a sik uh, sawm tangval tengin zingsang lama a don, nitaak lama a khaihkholh uh zuute hi. Khuai omna mun a tun uh ciangin khuai pen mei tawh kihal loin a pi teng khut tawh khatkhatin manin, ahih kei leh gua taitep tawh tepin that khin masa uh hi. Khuaipi teng a mat khit uh ciangin khuaibu pen a kua ahih leh to uh a, a pheng ahih leh phelkham uh hi. Khuaibu sungah a pheng dal sawm ciang bang pha thei hi. Tua khuai-phengte lak panin a hoih a limci pen leh a tak pen ciamteh uh hi. Tua banga ciaptehna a bawl khit uh ciangin khuainote tunga saphuaklaibanga a pan dildel a paan pen damtak in hawkkhia uh hi. Khuaino zawngkhal khempeuh zongpaikhia in, a etlawm lo khempeuh nul siang uh hi. Kum saanna ding khuaibu pen a kisia lodingin kang takin lakhia uh a, naang lukhu sungah koih uh hi. Hih khuaibu lakhiapa pen tualteekpa in thuneihna a piakpa bek hi thei hi.\nf) Kheekleh ni\nHih ni pen Khuado ni nihna “Khelleh Ni” kici hi. Hih ni in khuai tawh ai kisanin, nitaakin ankuang sa kuang ki-uumkhawm leuleu hi. Zingsang khuavak tuungin khuailate khuaibu tawh inn lam zuanin ciah uh a, khuasungah lut suak loin khawmualah kinga-in khuaibu pen taangpi taangta muh theih dingin sing-kung tungah koih uh hi. Khawmuala khuailate neek ding dawn ding khawsung pan nungakte in anphel tunsa leh zuu vapuak uh a, Khuailate in khawmualah khuazaangpi kim ngakna in la tuamtuamkhuai la, mualbawl la, khawmualpi late sa-in lamlam uh hi. Khuazaangpi a tun kim khit ciangin zuu kitulh, an kibaakin nuamsa mahmah uh hi. Tua khit ciangin Tualteekpa in khuaibu sangin khuasung lutpih uh hi.\n1. Khuai tawh Aisanna: Khawsung a tun ciangin khuaitawipa mah masa in khuaibu pen Tual biakna mun lam manawhin kipaipih leuleu hi. Tua muna a na ngak upate in, "Sanno na hih leh na kik in, miim leh sawmtaang na hih leh hong lut in," ci-in na kal’ uh a, tua leh khuaitawipa in, "Sanpi, sanno hi keng; miim leh sawmtaang hi'ng" ci-in tua banga thumvei a kikalh a kidawn khit uh ciangin lutsak pan uh hi. (Sanpi, sanno cih pen natpi, natneu cihna hi). Tual a lut khit uh ciangin vial khat kiimkotin hih bangin khuai la sa uh hi:\n(a) Ngaltun e, ngalthen a, khuai aw e, Ka lo paama khuai aw e, sim ngalthen...\n(b) Nang in kum khua na thei-a kong dong e, Ningzuu a ken kogdong a, aisa a ken kongdong e...\nTua khit ciangin khuaibu pen tualsuang tunga a kiciing mawngkung tungah koih uh hi. Khuaibu tungah khawlu lam, khawtaw lam giitin ciaptehna kibawl a, khuainote paan honsa in koih uh hi. Tua khuaibu pen numei naupang leh nupi naupaaite et kiphal lo hi. Nitaak lam ciangin Upate in khualbu veel uh a, khuaibu sunga khuainote in a a khuhna a paan a na lam kik uh leh miimbeem taang beem a lamlam hi, ci uhin kum kik ciangin an kihau ding hi, ci-in ngaihsun uh hi. Khuano a si peuh a na om leh kum kik sungah a si a mang om ding hi hang, ci-in khuazaangmite mabaan ding hilkholhna in ngaihsun uh hi. Upate in khuaibu pen sia leh pha leh, mipi lungnop theihna dingin "Khuai Hoih Hi" ci-in pulak pong uh hi. An haute in geel-zuu a kici pen a beel a beel hong pua-in kiluup zihziah hi. Hih zuu pen mai kum cianga an hauh na’ng phuis-amsakna ahih manin a hau nuam peuhpeuhin zuu guansa in hong tawi uh hi. Tualteekpa in zu teepin khua lam nga-in phih kawikawi hi. Tua khit ciangin zu pen taangpi taangta in teep thei pan hi. Khuangtumpa in mipite cim dong laampih, la a oihpih khit ciangin mipite a inn ciat uhah an ne ding kikhen uh hi.\n2. Geelzuu: Geelzuu pen taang sawmnih zuu ahi hi. Khanglui hun lai-in an khempeuh lak panin taang a minthangsak pen uh hi. Tuuk tun ciangin tangvalte in mi an neih zah ciamteh uh a, khuado cianga neek dingin taang sawmnih nei ciang peuhmah geelzuu luup dingin gaam pah uh hi. Taang sawmnih a nei lote zong peng(h) thei tuan loin, tangvalte lawh hoih bek khat bawlin, khawtaw panin dong to uh hi. Hun khat khit ciangin taang sawmnih a nei zo haksa ahih manin vaimiim sawmli a nei ciang zong geelzuu kiluupsak hi.\ng) Khuaisaak tan ni\nKhuado a ni thumna hi in, "Khuaisaak Tan Ni" a hih kei leh "Khuai-aih Ni" zong kici hi. Hih ni kuamah a pua pial thei loin a sawm ciat uhah om khipkhep uh hi. Khuai pen vok tawh ahi zongin, kel tawh ahi zongin, ak tawh ahi zongin ki-ai thei hi. Kel tawh khuai a aite pen a sih khit uh ciangin a luang bawm ding thote khuai in hung hi ci-in ngaihsun uh ahih manin kel tawh khuai aih ding thupi ngaihsut mahmah uh hi. Ni-taak lam ciangin nungak leh tangval lamtual mahah kisutuahin geelzuu luupin, la sa in, lam lialiai leuleu uh hi. Hih ni in zong a sawm ciat uhah khuai-aihna sa kuang an kuang uumkhawmin gualnuam mahmah uh hi.\nh) Aisian ni\nKhuado tawpna ni pen "A Sian Ni" kici hi. Mi khempeuh a utna tekah kihawh kiciah thei hi. Geelzuu mah zeekcing zo pen ahih manin mipite lamtual mahah kisutuah kik uh a, gualnop nunung pen ni ci-in la sasa-in, lamlamin khat leh khat ki-aamin nuamsa mahmah uh hi. A beisa ni nih ni thum sunga gamtat gual-nopzia teng lungsim sungah thaam denin nungak leh tangval lawm kitop, lawm kingaih neihkhiatna pawi bang suak a, aam mahmah uh ahih manin zuu leh sa kicinna-ah zanhak kha lai zong om thei hi. Gualnua-min nuam kisa mahmah ta leh zuu lah peeng ta, laamlaamna, la oihoihna, tanuk tatsuk tattohnate hangin ci leh sa lah gim ta ahih manin aam laipi mah innlam zuan tekin, Khuado pawi kikhinsan ta hi. Nungak leh tangval bek tham loh, mi kim adingin khuado pen kum khat tawntunga gualnop pen hun ahih manin khuado kaal ding kingaklah thei mahmah hi.\nZomite in thupi taka i ngaihsut pawi nam nih – Khuado leh Sialsawm i nei hi. Sialsawm pen lo pawi khit, Dopi (April) kha-in a kibawl hi a, lo nasep vai hampi teng zawh aihna, Pasian kianga an leh khai hauhna ding leh khuahun hoihna ding ngetna pawi ahi hi. Sialsawm cih kammal khiatna pen “Sial zaha a lian ngiimna” cihna hi, a ci om hi. Sial zaha a lian an leh khai neih theihna dinga khuasiam biakna pawi, cihna hih tuak pen hi.\nZingsang tuungin sii kisawh zotang taaksih leh zu thawlno khat tawiin hanah dai kihawh a, a sisate phawkna leh thupha kibawl hi. Zing tuung mahin siampipa in Zotang anhang tawh khua sung cidamna ding leh hauhna ding aisan-in mailam ading thupha ngetna bawl hi. Naupang ten pute zu kholh in, pu ten a tute cidamna ding leh mapaina dingin tamphuah (thupha pia) uh hi. Sunkim ciangin tangvalte a sawm ciat uah kikhawmin ngawk sat uh hi. Ngawk sat ciangin nau-gual nihin tangval khat buan uh hi. Nau-gual ten a lelh leh tu kum kizawng ding, ci-in kiciamteh hi. A kibuan ma-un Sawm upate in ngawk to masa uh a, “Dawi dawi, ngawk ngawk e, lui vo!” ci-in thum vei a to khit uh ciangin kibuan thei pan uh hi. Sialsawm ciangin unau pata teng ahi zongin, a sawmsawmin ahi zongin gan go-in an nekkhopna kibawl hi. Papi khangham ten naupangte tungah Zo ngeina, khang tangthu leh i ki-it i kingaihna ding thu tuamtuam hilh uh hi.\nKhua mial ciangin a Sawm ciat uah tangvalte kikaikhawmin, la awih leh lam tawh gualnuamin om uh hi. Mi a kim uh ciangin lawm-an (lawmngaihte an) siim dingin vakkhia uh hi. Hih hang hi ding hi, Siamsawm pen pawlkhat in ‘Lawm An Neek’ a cih uh. Nungakte innah a lawmngaihnu’ nu ahihkeileh a naunu in tangvalte neek ding zu leh sa lui uh a, a gaih valte sawmah ciahpih hamtang uh hi. Lawm ngaipa bel bangmah pia lo uh a, innka kiu khatah tu tuamsak uh hi. Tangval dang teng a ciah khit ciangin, nungaknu in innka kiu-a a om a lawmngaihpa zu leh sa tawh va zuan thei pan a, amau adingin tua zan nanana pen ‘Valentine’s Day’ hi bel mai hi. Sialsawm ciangin lawm kingai a omleh, lawmngainu adingin papi ten zu leh sa a limzaw deuh koih tuamsak ciatciat hi.\nMangkangte hongkhanma in, Tedimgam leh Tonzanggam ki gawm pen anuai-a bangin khenthuminki-uk hi. Kam Hau gam-Tedim lei tawhtan leh Laitui saksiah, tu laitaka Tedimgam leh Tonzanggam teng huam hi. Tedim leh Tozang innpi pan ki-uk hi. Sukte gam –Tedimlei tawhtan nuaisiahleh gungal Kaptel Khangsiah, tu laitaka, Tedim gam sung teng huam hi. Saizang innpi pan ki-uk hi.Sihzang gam –Tu laitak a Tedim gam sung sihzang kual teng huam hi. Akhuakhua a ukpi te in uk hi.\nZomi a kici diak, Tedim, Tonzang, Manipur, Khanti, Lesi, Homalin,Tamu leh Kalaygamsung a mite sungah zong teenna mun-le-mual zui-in ‘pau’ kilam danga, Minam neu tuatuam in kilawhna hongpiang hi. Amunmun ah mun leh mual zui-in a tuamtuam om a, 1962 kum a Tawlanzi kumpi hong khan ciangin, 1967/68 pawl in amunmun a tangthu leh ngeina hong kan a, Tedim, Tonzang, Tamu leh Kalaygam sunga Zomi a kici diakte minam 10 in hong kipsak hi; 1. Saizang, 2. Sihzang, 3. Teizang, 4.Zo, 5. Dim, 6. Thado-Kuki, 7. Khuano, 8. Hualngo, 9. Guite, 10. Tedim teng a hihi.\nSaizang Mite’ Pianna\nMi masa te ciimnuai khua ah ateen lai-in, khuasung ah gamsaai kung pona zaangtam khat om a, tua zaanga tengte amun min pua-in ‘Saizangte’ na kici uh a, a nung sang ciangin tua pana apiang mite ‘Saizang minamte’ kici hi. Ciimnuai khua hong siat ciangin tua Saizang khuamun ah kituah uha, tuapan hong khangkhia uh hi.\nTeenna Khuate; Saizang, Tualzang, Teeklui, Lailo, Thaangzang, Vongmual, Aipha, Mualpi, Tuitawh, Thalmual, Phaiza, Zampi, Taleek, Hiangawn, Tuitang.\nTeizang Mite’ Pianna\nMeigong nupi khat asa pialo-in, a lutang pia uh a, tua nitakin meigongnu in bualtungkhua pan zin nih a nei hi. Nupinu in a gul lutang huan a, buhtei tawh a zauh leh gul lutang hong pau-in : “ka mit nong sun kha deh” ci hi. Nupinu zong lau-in vokkuang ah bua hi.\nZankim tak ciangin ak lamdang khat hong khuanga, “zinte kha ve vua” ci hi. Innteeknu lunghimawh in a khuapihte kiangah agen hang thudon lo uh hi. Innteeknu in akkhuang a zakkik tak ciangin, a-uital leh a zinte nih tawh pai khia in, khuanawl a tunphet in huihpi nunga a khua kicim in a khuabup un sicip uh hi. A zin tegeel akhua uh ah ciahsuak a, nupinu baangzang ah teeng hi. Nupinu a gaisa in a pasal in a nusiat hi a, a-uital tawh luika khua Baangzang khua hong teen ciangin nau hong suak a, amin Suk Zo phuak hi. Naupang ong khan ciangin tu a Mualbeem khuamun Teipi phung khat ah hong teeng hi. Tua teipi paulam in Teizang pau leh minam hong piang khia hi.\nAk khuan aw ciaptehna tuamtuam te:\n“Ngente te khua kilawi, malzinte tai ta ve un” “khuabe khua min in luan, alai-a nutate le zin tun aw na tai in” (Zote)Baangzang khua ah nupi nu a nopsak sunga a la phuah:\n(a) Luika khua men in vuk taleh, Baangzang dawh in tam nalai hi e.\n(b) Lianu Khat in khua vasaat ing, Baangzang ah bansang ka gual hi e...\nDim Mite’ Pianna\nKhuano Mite’ Pianna\nTeenna khuate: Zung, Phunom, Thangnuai, Suangpi, Tuisau, Laibung, Tuivial, Pimpih, Ngalzang, Tampi, Cingpikot(Keizaang), Muallum, Vando, Sozang, Pyidawtha, Nawikai, Dolluang, Mualnuam, Budiman, Lalta, Khuabem, Tuilang, Lunmual, Phaileng,\nGuite mite’ Pianna\nCiimnuai ah Pu Song Thu Suan Thadogam luah Aisan gui Sek Thah in a zi ta nei theilo ahihmanin apa nota nu Nem Nep(Nepbuk) tawh om khawm hi. Nau gil hong neih ciangin a zi pi lungkim nangin a pi-in ngaihsutna khat hongngah a, aktui tang(2) la in, akong khang singheeng sung khat ah koih hi. Khatvei akhua-upate in a etleh aktui tang (2) muhi. La in khathuan a-a ciap leh “kha ei” ci uh hi. A tangkhat om lai pen a taang beem tung nizangkapna ah koih sakhi. A Sanggamnu nauhongsuak takciangin, a zipi theih loh kal in beem tunga aktuila khia in, a naungeek koih a, “beem tungah nau kap, i aktui keuh hi’n teh” ci-in azipi lasak hi. Tua ciangin a khua-upate sam kik in, nizang kapna pan' a kingah cihna in a min Nitui Nigui “GUITE” phuak uh hi. Guite suan leh khak te guite minam kici-a, Laamzang, Vangteh pan hong khangto in India gam dong tung hi.(Nigui ta upa Guite hi’n tapa nauzaw Nivang tate munluah, Zilom, Naulak..unaute ahih hi. Anaute Phiamphu leh Vangsuk tawh unau khat a-a ciamteh zong omlai hi.\nTeenna khuate: Vangteh, pakzang, Tuizang, Thaangsan, Haiciin, Tuimui, Tuimang, Pangmual,Tongciin, selbung, Sekpi, Vaivet, Suangbem\nSihzang Mite’ Pianna\nTeenna khuate: Thuklai, Khuasak, Buanman, Lophei, Bung, Zongal, Voklak, Pumva, Theiizang, Dolluang, Suangdawh, Takkhawl.\nCiimnuai khuapanin Pu Hang Hil makai in TungNung,Lian Zaw, te tawh Baalzang khua saat uh hi. Baalzang khua pen mual dawn zopi lak ah om ahih manin, tuapan a piangte ”Zoute” Kici a,minam min hong suak hi.\nTeenna khuate: Phaitu, Haimual, Tualmu, Khuadai, Bumzang, Salzang, Takzang, Phuntong, Sialthaw, Lamthang, Buangzawl, Mimbil, Khamzang, Gamngai, Lungtak, Sialmawng, Anlun, Geelmual, Khianglam Talzang, Phaidim, Thauthe, Maulawn, Khuamun, Lomzang, Seksih, Haipi, Buangmual, Khuaivum, Sialmei, Bizang, Vanlai,Thenzang, Sialthawzang, Tuigialzang, Tuilam.\nCiimnuai Khua pan pawlkhat gun gal nitumna lam Tuimu,Nuamkhua, Ankhum, Tuithang, Tungzang, Ngalbual, Lalta,Tangkhawng, Zampi, Mualpi cihte ah teeng to in India gam dong na tung hi. Thado-kukite pen minamkhat, pau namkhat, ngeina khat hinapi,pawlkhat thado inkilo uh a, pawlkhat KUKI kici uh hi. Guite pianna Pu Sek Thah in a nung sang ciangin azi pi tawh aneih tapate panin Thado namte piang hi. Thado akicite in amau pen apupi uh Thado min tawh kilo in ki ciamteh hi. Kuki akicite in amau pen Zomi khem peuh huam a i min hi ci-in ciamteh uh hi.\nHualngo mite' pian na\nPu Thlapa in Kachingam tawn in a tap lusei-a tawh Khampat ah hong teenga, tua pan Falamgam suumpi khua ah lal hi. Lusei-a tate sungpan Pu Hualngo suan-le-khak te Hualngo mi kici-a, Falam, Tedim, Tonzang gamgi dung teng ah teeng uh hi.\nTeenna Khuate: Darkhai, Bapi,Bukphir, Ngente, Zimpi, Zimte, Thinghlei, Tuidil, Dampi, Vutbuak, Haimual, Kawilam.\nTedim mite’ Pianna\nTedimte (Tedim clan) ci-in a tuung lam in kua mah om tuam lo hi. Hun hong sawt toto a Pu Kam Hau in Tedim hongluah ciangin tua laitak a ateengsa mi nam(7) Saizang,Teizang, Dim, Guite, Zo,Thahdo-kuki, Vaiphei (Hual Ngo) te sungpanin pautaang (commong language TEDIM ngeina hongpiang khia hi. Tua ahih main Tedim pau pen a neituam omlo-a akitaanga ih neih vek ahi hi. Hih minam (7) sungah Ngeina Tatzia tawh kisai a bulpi (3) Teizang, Dim, Zo om a, tua teng sungpan ngeina taang TEDIM ngeina hongpianga, hih zong i taangneih mah ahi hi. Tua ahih manin minam tuamtuam kigawmte Tedim hong ten' ciang, tua pan pautaang-TEDIM pau, ngeina taang-TEDIM ngeina hong pian' aki pan kuama aituam hilo-in, Zomi akici deuh minam(clan) 10 te ki gawmna ahi hi. Mangkang te hong khanma in Tedim ah Pu Kam Hau’galmatte simloh beh nampi 20 te teeng khawmin, pautaang, ngeina taang zang khawm thei hi, ci-in ki ciamteh hi.\nTedim khua inn 300 aphak laitak (AD-1810) khit ciangin Pu Kam Hau (sukte) makai in Pu Khoi Lam (Hatzaw) leh Pu Mang Gin (Hatlang) te tawh KAM HAU UPADI nabawl-a, Tedimgam taangpi a ki-ukna a hi hi.\nSavun lai i neih pen uipi gilkial in hong neksak ahih manin sawtpi zawh kum 1899 ciangin Pau Cin Hau lai kinei kik pan hi. Tua pen Zotuallai kici in kum 1922 ciangin Roman lai tawh Cope Topa in hong laihsak a ‘Zolai’ kici in, kum 1932 ciangin Zolai tawh Thuciam Thak masa pen kikhen hi. 1970 Paite pau tawh Laisiangthou buppi kizo. 1977 Tedim Lai Siangtho kizo.\nTualsuak Lai Hun (AD 1400 malam)\nZomiten tanglaiin lai kinei a, savun tunga kigelh ahih manin Savun Lai (or Tualsuak Lai) kici hi. A hun pen a tangthu pan Zomite Kawlgam pan Khamtung i peem cil lai ahih manin AD 1400 malam hi ding hi. Zosuante lakah Zomi bekin ‘Lai’ cih kammal kinei a, Pawiten Kawlpau kawmin Sa ci uh a, Luseiten vaipau kawmin Lehkha ci uh hi. Tua ahih manin Zomite in tanglaiin lai nei ngei takpi i hihna leh Savun lai pen Zomite a ahihna kilang hi. Tua savun lai pen ui in tuah mang ahih manin lai kinei nawnlo hi, kici hi.\nTuallim Lai Hun (AD 1900 malam)\nKhanglui huna i pu i pate in lai neilo theilo uh ahih manin thu pen lungsim leh la tawh na ciamteh uh hi. A gal mat sa mat zah uh singkhuam dawnah sa lu gal lu suangin khau khihbawkin ahi zah na ciamteh uh hi. Suang hiam suiin a sa mat a gal mat uh lim bawlin zong khawmualah na phut uh hi. Pau Cin Hau lai i neih zawh panin a lim bek hi nawn loin a thu tawh kihelkhawm to hi. Tu dongin kimu thei omlai hi.\nZotual Lai Hun (AD 1900-1930)\n1900 kum pawlin Pau Cin Hau Lai or Laipian Lai or Zotual Lai kici Lailui khua, Pau Cin Hau (1859-1948) in mang a muhna pan 1896-1898 kum sungin kammal khatteh laimal khat ta ahi laimal 1050 bawlkhia a, laibu-in bu guk suah hi. 1901 kumin khaw 13 pan mi 51 sinin siam uh a, tuaten amau khua ciatah midang hilhsawn uh hi. Galpi Khatna sunga France pai Zomite leh innlam ten lai kikhakna in a zat theih sun uh hi a, tua in Zomite lakah Zotual lai kizeel mahmah ta hi. Tua ahih manin ABM missionary Rev. J. H. Cope in zong 1931 kumin Mualtung Thuhilhna bu bawlna-in Zotual lai na zang hi. Chin Hills Deputy Commissioner Lt. Col. Burne leh Rev. J.H. Cope’ malakpihna tawh 1936 kumin Thang Cin Kham, Pau Za Dong, Cin Khaw Gin leh Sian Khaw Cin ten puahpha uh a, consonant 21, vowel 16, tonal sign 20 suahin a vekin laimal 57 phasak uh hi. Tudong Laipian Pawlpi sungah kizang lai hi. 1981-1997 sungin Kawlzangah Zotual lai sinna 30 vei kibawl a, tua-ah sia 38 in hilhin mi 1833 in siamna certificate ngah uh hi. Zotual lai pen 1900-1930 kikal sungin lim kizat bel a, tu dong Laipian pawlpi sungah kizang suak hi. Mangtual Lai Hun (AD 1908 pan)\nTulai taka i zat leh i zat suak ding zong hih tuak Mangtual Lai (or Zolai or Ni Sagih Lai) i cih pen 1908 kuma Rev. J.H. Cope (1882-1938) hong tun phetin Zomi Christian suak masa pen Khawsak khua-a Pau Suan leh Thuam Hangte nih Hakha-ah samin Zopau kihilhsak a, tua pan Mikang laimal (Romannised script) tawh laimal hong bawlsak kipan pah hi. Pau Suante hilh Zopau pen Sihzang kam hi a, tua tawh 1908-1910 sungin laimai 40 a pha laisimbu bawlin, Tedimah 1911 kum pan nitaak sangah sinsak hi. Ahi zongin Rev. Cope in mikim in Sihzang kam tel khinlo cih nung muh nunawh a, tua sawng teng pau leh lai vaiah a vanglak mahmah hun ahi hi. Sangah Kawllai a kihilh zawh a kum sawma sim pha khin ta si, Pau Cin Hau Lai lah kilim zat mahmah khin ta si, tuapi maha Roman script tawh laimal hong bawlsak Rev. Cope pen bang pau tawh laihilh suak a, bang laimal zang suak ding cihah na lungbuai mahmah hi.\nTua ahih manin 1919 kumin Tedim uk sunga hausa lian teng samkhawmin bang kam tawh laihilh ding cih genpih a, Sihzang kam mah tah veve hi. Tuimui hausapa Guite Mang Za Thang in, “Ko Sihzang kam tel khinlo ung a; ko kam lah midangten tel khin tuanlo ding na hih manun Kam Hau kam (Tedim pau) hi leh kitel kim pen ding hi,” a cih leh hausa dangten bangmah genlo uh ahih manin Tedim pau zat dingin thukimna bawl uh hi. Tua zawh a sawt lo, 1922 kumin kumpite in Falam khua pen Chin Hills phualpi ahih ciang taangkam pianna dingin Chin Hills bupah Laizo (Falam) pau tawh laihilh ding cih thupiak bawl hi. Rev. Cope in Zomite adingin Tedim pau leh Roman script tawh bawl laimal mah hoih pen ding hi, ciin pan khawh a, tua hangin Chin Hills Deputy Commissioner, Mr. Burne tawh kimukhial dekdek heel uh hi. Zomite laimal ding Roman script tawh bawl pen Royal Asiatic Society in zong 1912 kumin hoih a sak pen thu na pulak zo hi. Hih tawh kisai 1920-21 sungin Falamah leh 1923, October 23 niin Maymyo Chin Education Rev. Cope pen Chin Hills-ah lai lama naseem pen hi si ahih manin a tawp a tawpah Chin Hills bup sang vai thuneihnateng (Honorary Inspector of Schools) Rev. Cope tungah ap in, a deih bangin 1925 kum pan Zogama primary school tengah Kawllai kiphiatin Tedim pau, Hakha pau, Falam pau leh Chinbok pau teng tawh laihilh hong kipan to hi. Hih bang teng hang tawh Rev. Cope pen Zomite in Sangmangpa kici a, Cope topa cih tawh min nih kitangsak hi. Lai laakna munte:\nSB.Langno, ZAM Magazine 2009\nJ. Thang Lian Pau (sialkal.com)\nRev. Khup Za Go (khupzago.blogspot.com)\nHau Za Cin (hauzacin.blogspot.com)\nVaphual Magazine (vaphual.net)\nNaulak Innkuan (naulakfamily.org)


url: =Korin Nihna 12 | Siantongluan.net\nKorin Nihna 12\nKorin Nihna 12 |\nBangmah phattuamnapi a om khollo ahi zongin ka kisialsial lai ding hi. Tu-in Topa in maang hong muhsakna leh ka muhte ka hong gen ding hi.\nTuma kum sawmleli hun lai-in vantung a dawl tungnung penah Khristian khat kilato hi. A pumpi taktak hiam, maangmu ahi hiam ka thei kei hi. Pasian in thei hi.\nTua mipa pen Paradais-ah a om ahi hi. A pumpi taktak tawh ahi hiam, maangmu ahi hiam ka thei kei a, Pasian in thei hi.\nMite kiangah genkhiatsawn dingin a kiphallo a lamdang mahmah thu a za hi.\nTua bang thu pen a kisialh taak mahmah thu hinapi-in ka kisialhpih kei hi. Kei a ginalo hinapi ama minthanna dingin Pasian in hong zang ahih manin tua thu pen a kisialh taak mahmah thu hinapi-in ka kisialhpih kei hi. Kei a ginalo hinapi ama minthanna dingin Pasian in hong zang ahih manin tua thu ka kisialhpih bek hi.\nHih ka muh thu pen thuman ahih manin a kisialhpih hi ta leng zong mihai ka hi kei hi. Ahi zongin mite in keima sepna leh keima genna a muh a zak banah a valin hong thupi ngaihsutkhak ding uh utlo ka hih manin hih thu ka kisialhpih nuam kei hi.\nAhi zongin hih a lamdang na tampite ka muhna hangin kisialin ka kisaktheih khaklohna dingin Satan sawltak bangin na a sem, keima pumpi sungah natna khat hong kipia ahih manin ka kisaktheih luatlohna dingin a hong kham hi.\nTua natna tawh ka kipelh theihna dingin Topa kiangah thumvei tak thu ka ngen hi.\nAhi zongin Topa in kei kiangah, "Na tha a nem ciangin keima vangliatna hat mahmah ahih manin nangma kisap na pen keima hehpihna hi bek hi," ci-in hong dawng hi. Tua ahih manin keima sungah Khrih vangliatna hong omtheihna dingin lungdam takin ka thaneemna ka kisialhpih semsem hi.\nKei ka thaneem mahmah laitakin a thahat mahmah suak ka hih manin Khrih hangin ka thaneemna, simmawh ka thuakna, haksatna leh bawlsiatna leh lungkhamna ka thuaknate tawh ka lung a kim mahmah hi.\nNote in kei a hong pakta ding hinapi-in hong paktalo na hih manun note bawlin mihai bangin kisialin ka gamta hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh kei pen bangmahpi ka hihloh hangin sawltak thupi mahmahin na ngaihsutte uh sangin themkhat zong ka neuzaw tuan het kei hi.\nSawltak man taktak ka hihna lim a kilangsak nate, note lakah lungduai takin hong kisem a, lim, na lamdang, leh na a tuamtuamte note lakah hong kibawl hi.\nNote lakah na ka sepna hangin huhna bangmah kong ngetloh cih simloh, pawlpi dangte sangin kong hamsiatsak zawkna bangmah om hetlo hi. Tua bangin note kiang panin bangmah kong ngetlohna hangin midang tawh hong kibangsak lo suak ka hih manin, tua khialhna hong maisak ta un.\nTu-in kong hawhna ding pen a thumveina ding hita a, note gimna dingin bangmah ka hong ngen het kei ding hi. Keima deih pen note sumlepaite hiloin note mahmah na hi uh hi. A taktakin ci lehang, tate in nulepate a huhding hilo a, nulepate in tate a huhding hizaw hi.\nNote ka hong huhtheihna dingin lungdam takin ka neih khempeuh kong piaknop banah keima pumpi mahmah zong ka hong kipia nuam hi. Tuazah takin ka hong itna pen itlohna tengin hong nei zawsop ding na hi uh hiam?\nSumlepai vai-in note themkhat zong ka hong gimsak hetlohna na theihsa uh ahi hi. Ahi zongin mi pawlkhatte in, kei pen ngian zangin khemna tawh a lamdang khatah sum tamzaw ka ngahna ding a vaihawmin hong gen uh hi.\nNote kiangah ka hong paisak mite tung tawnin note kiang panin keima hamphatna ding bang la ka hi hiam?\nNote kiangah Titus a hong paina ding ka hahsawl a, amah tawh a kithuah dingin thu upna sungah ka sanggampa uh zong ka hong paisak hi. Titus in nuamtaksa-in note tungah bang hong ngen zenzen ahi hiam? Kote in lungsim kibangin na semin ka kalsuanna zia uh zong a kibang hilo ahi hiam?\nNote mai-ah ka mawhna uh a kiphelphel bang khatin na hong ngaihsutkhak uh leh tua bang hilo hi. Lawmte aw, ka hihna khempeuh uh note phattuamna ding ka deihna uh tawh Khrih in kote gen ding a hong deih bangin Pasian mai-ah thu genin nasem ka hi uh hi.\nBang hang hiam cih leh note kiangah ka hong tun ciangin note omzia ding ka deih bangin na omloh khakding uh leh note in keima maisuah na muhnopzia bangun na hong muhloh khakding uh ka lunghimawh hi. Note lakah kitotna, hazatna, hehna, huaihamna, mi zahpihna, mi gensiatna, kiphatsakna, leh buaina a omkhak ding ka lunghimawh hi.\nNote kiangah ka hong tun ciangin a beisa hunah note tampi tak thangtatin, numei tawh mawhna, hukna, lannate hangin na khialhnate uh na kisikloh manun keimah dahin kapin, note muhna-ah ka Pasian in kei hong maizumsak khakding ka lunghimawh mahmah hi.\nTedim Lai Siangtho / Laibu: Korin Nihna 12