url: =Amezruy n Tefsut n Yimazighen\n[Tafsut n 1980 deg Tmurt n Leqbayel d tin ay ikecmen deg umezruy (ttarix) n tmaziγt d win n Ldzayer akk-n ma tella. Deg wussan-nni, ḍrant aṭas n tγawsiwin s tγawla, d tid ay yuraren dduṛ d ameqran deg tikli i lmend n westeεṛef s tmaziγt deg tmurt-is. Yelha ma nessawel-d γef way-n yeḍran deg Tefsut-nni akk-n ad nefhem xir tidyanin-a. Aḍris-a ay d-nuwey d tukkist (extrait) seg "Weγmis n Tedyanin n Tmurt n Leqbayel" ay yura Rachid Chaker deg tallit-nni u yeffeγ-d deg tesγunt (revue) n "Les Temps Modernes" (uṭṭunen 432-433, Yunyuz-Γuct 1982), akk d tesγunt Tafsut.]\nAss n lḥedd, 9 Meγres 1980 :\nTasdawit n Tizi Wezzu tella tesεa imir-n sin n yiseggasen d wezgen seg wasmi ay tettwaldi yernu yufa-d lḥal yagi tga tlata yisundilen (grèves) imeqranen, aneggaru deg-sen d win ay d-yellan deg gar 17 Tubeṛ d 13 Nwembeṛ 1979. Asunded-nni gan-t γef wugur n ugenses idetti (représentation authentique) n yinelmaden sdaxel n tesdawit. Akabar n Tirni n Weslelli Aγelnaw (FLN) yella la d-yeqqar dakk-n inelmaden ara yesseḥṛasen akk-n ad gen isundilen-a d "imesmaziγen" (berbéristes) neγ d imaṛksiyen imaziγen (u llan qqaren-asen "Bougiots").\nSeg yimir-n, iselmaden ay llan ttwalin-ten d imaṛksiyen, llan ur ten-ttaznen ara γer Tizi Wezzu, wanag ttaznen-ten γer tesdawit n Seṭṭif. Ma d iselmaden idzayriyen ay yeγran deg Fṛansa llan ttqaraεen-ten u tikkwal ssagaden-ten. Yagi, deg way-n iεeddan, aṭas n tikkal ur jjin ara ad d-ilint tmeskanin tidelsanin (manifestations culturelles) tidelsanin timaziγin deg Tizi Wezzu. Ur jjin ara Aït Menguellet neγ Yidir ad cnun, menεen tamezgunt (pièce de théâtre) n "2000 n yiseggasen n Ṭ̣ṭrad" ay llan tturaren-tt-id s teqbaylit.\nKra n wussan uqbel ma yusa-d Mouloud Mammeri γer tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad d-yeg asarag-is, sneṭḍen yinelmaden inazalen (affiches) deg yiγerban akk-n ad d-xebbren γef way-a. Anemhal n tesdawit (recteur), γas ma yella ur as-yeεjib ara lḥal, yeqbel ad d-yili usarag-nni imi d aseqqamu (comité) n uγaram (cité) n Oued Aïssi ay d-yelhan s tigin n usarag-a yernu aseqqamu-a testeεṛef yes-s tedbelt (administration). D acu kan, aṭas n yinazalen ay d-yettwasγersen. Deg yiḍ n wass n lḥedd d letniyen (γef ttnac n yiḍ), yeγra-as-d yiwen i Mouloud Mammeri, yenna-as dakk-n d netta ay d anemhal n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu u yenna-as dakk-n asarag-nni-ines yebṭel.\nAss n letniyen 10 Meγres 1980\nAzekka-nni taṣ̣ebḥit, Mouloud Mammeri yesteqsa, u d Mass Arab, anemhal (directeur) n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu s timmad-is ay as-yennan dakk-n maci d netta ay as-d-yeγran yernu asarag-ines ur yettwamneε, ur yettuwexxer. Γef tizi n ttnac n wass, Mouloud Mammeri yeqleε seg Ldzayer, yedda id-s Salem Chaker d yiwen n unehhaṛ iqeddcen deg CRAPE, la tteddun γer Tizi Wezzu. Mi uwḍen γer Dreε Ben Xedda, γef jjuj, yeḥbes-iten yiwen n wuggug (barrage) n yibulisen (uggug niḍen yella yegguni-ten deg Buxalfa).\nSdeffir ma walan lekwaγeḍ-is, ibulisen uwyen Mouloud Mammeri γer uwali n Tizi Wezzu, u d netta ay as-d-yennan s yimi-s dakk-n asarag-ines (conférence) γer "yisefra iqdimen n teqbaylit" yettwamneε imi ay-a "yezmer ad d-yawi ccwal", am wakk-n ay as-yenna ad yeffeγ seg Tizi Wezzu imir-nni kan. Yuγ lḥal, awali yekcef-d ula d win ay iwekkel akk-n ad as-d-iγer i Mammeri deg yiḍ-nni u ad as-yini dakk-n asarag-is yettwamneε. Wagi d Mass Merabtene, d anemhal (directeur) n COUS. Akk-a, Mammeri yeqqel yeẓra dakk-n anemhal n tesdawit ula ay t-yegren deg way-nni. Yuγ lḥal, anemhal n tesdawit akk d umaru amatu (secrétaire général) qqlen nnan-as i Mammeri dakk-n ay-nni yekka-d nnig n tezmert-nsen. Γef ṛṛebεa d wezgen n tmeddit, llan ugar n 1000 n medden ara yettṛajun melmi ara yebdu usarag-nni. Mi ẓran dakk-n yettwamneε, bdan la ten-id-ttalin wurfan, yernu ssefran ad gen timlilit i uzekka-nni, 11 Meγres, γef 9 n tṣ̣ebḥit.\nAss n ttlata 11 Meγres\nInelmaden gan tameskant-nsen (manifestation) tamezwarut deg yizenqan n Tizi Wezzu. Γef ttesεa n tṣ̣ebḥit ay mlalen u gar n 10:15 d 12:15, gar n 500 d 700 n yinelmaden ay yelḥan deg yizenqan n Tizi Wezzu, zzin-d sin iberdan γef yizenqan imeqranen n temdint. Tikli teḥbes sdat n Useqqamu Aγelnaw Aγerfan (CNP) n FLN, sdat n twilayt u sdat n tesnawit (lycée) n temdint, u llan refden tiḥucay ay deg d-uran "Idles amaziγ : idles aγerfan", "Awali, Aseqqamu aγelnaw aγerfan, asarag n Mammeri yettwamneε ?", "Ḥebset aqmaḍ n yedles". Uran-d daγen s tefṛensist : "Ad yeγli weqmaḍ" (répression), "Awali, Aseqqamu aγelnaw aγerfan d iqettalen". Ma s tmaziγt uran-d "Tamaziγt d tameslayt-nneγ", "Ad nerreẓ wala ad neknu", "Neεya deg lbaṭel".\nImeẓla (ssrabes) n weqmaḍ (respression) llan ḥedṛen s waṭas dinna : ibulisen, ijadeṛmiyen d yisexsayen (pompiers), d acu kan, ur d-giren ara iman-nsen. Kullec yeḥbes deg temdint yernu medden llan la d-ttḍillin seg ṭṭwaqi n yexxamen. Medden amzun ddan u fkan-asen lḥeqq i yinelmaden-nni, maca ur d-sbanen ara lebγi-nsen akk-n ad ttekkin neγ ad εawnen inelmaden. D acu, llant kra n temγarin nnant-asen d "arrac ijehlen". Deg tmeddit n wass-nni, mlalen yiselmaden idzayriyen n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu u uran-d aḍris (texte) n yiwet n tsakbabt (pétition), aḍris-nni gan-t d tabṛat yeldin i uneγlaf (ministre) n usselmed aεlayan. Deg weḍris-nsen, iselmaden ur qbilen ara imi ay yettwamneε usarag (conférence) n umeddakel-nsen deg tesdawit, u sḥeṛsen i wakk-n ad tettuqader lḥeṛma n tesdawit (ur qbilen ara imi ara d-keccmen yibulisen γer daxel n tesdawit ...), a m wakk-n ssuttren ad tili tlelli n wawal ladγa deg way-n yerzan idles d yiles amaziγ. Tabṛat-nni zemlen-tt (stenyan-tt) ṛebεin n yiselmaden (ṛebεa yimuren γef xemsa seg yiselmaden idzayriyen yellan qeddcen deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu).\nAss n laṛebεa 12 Meγres 1980\nAgraw amatu (assemblée générale) n yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu yura-d yiwet n "tebṛat yeldin i Uselway n Tegduda". Tabṛat-nni ssuffγen-d seg-s luluf n tsukan (copies) u ferqen-tent deg waṭas n yimukan (Ldzayer, Bumerdas, atg.). Tabṛat-a yettwarun s yiles ur nqesseḥ ara aṭas d tin ay deg d-bedren yinelmaden ay-n d-yeqqar werkawal aγelnaw (charte nationale). Daγen, inelmaden bedren-d deg tebṛat-nsen akk ay-n yeḍran deg wussan-nni nnan-d dakk-n iles d yedles imaziγen ttalasen ad ttusnernin, am wakk-n d-ssuttren dakk-n tamaziγt ad teqqel d iles aγelnaw wis sin deg tmurt.\nDeg Ldzayer tamaneγt, medden yeslan s way-n ara iḍerrun deg Tizi Wezzu, banen-d amzun ur uminen ara, bitt llan kra kra nnan-d dakk-n ay-a d lekdeb akk yernu ur uminen ara ula s Mouloud Mammeri dakk-n yella. D acu kan, llan kra n medden, qlilit, llan bγan ad gen tameskant (tamesbanit) deg wezniq !\nAss n lexmis 13 Meγres 1980\nIselmaden n Usudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (institut des Sciences économiques) n Ldzayer tamaneγt) asmi ay ẓran s lexbar, gan tasakbabt (pétition) ay fkan i weγlif (ministère) akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara amnaε n usarag-nni (conférence) n Mammeri. Aḍris-a zemlen-t (stenyan-t) ṛebεin n yiselmaden, meḥsub tlata n yimuren γef ṛebεa seg yiselmaden idzayriyen (gar-asen wid iqeddcen deg PAGS [akabar amesdukli (parti communiste)] d wid iqeddcen deg tedbelt (administration)]. Deg webrid, gar Budwaw d Tizi Wezzu, amur ameqran deg yigalisen (tiplakin) akk d tseddariyin (abribus) uran deg-sent s ssbiγa : "Tugdut", "Aït Ahmed deg tmurt !", "Ḥebset assenger n yedles !", "FLN amaynut d afaci", "Akk d inmeglayen" (opposants). Tira-a uran-tent deg yiḍ n 12 d 13 Meγres. Medden walan daγen tira am tigi deg Tizi Wezzu akk d yiberdan yettalin γer tuddar deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Adabu yeεreḍ ad yeffer akk tira-nni s tγawla s ssbiγa tamellalt neγ taweṛdit, deg wass n lexmis, 13 Meγres. Ass-nni daγen ay d-yeffeγ umagrad (article) amezwaru deg lbeṛṛani γef way-n ara iḍerrun deg Tizi Wezzu. Wa d amagrad awezlan ay d-yeffγen deg weγmis afṛensis n Libération, yeḥka-d ay-n yeḍran s tidet deg wass n 11 Meγres. (Mebla ccek, d ay-n ay yejjan akk lejnas ad d-rren lwelha-nsen γer tedyanin-a !).\nAss n ljemεa 14 Meγres 1980\nMedden bdan la ttmeslayen γef tira-nni u mxallafen leṛyuy-nsen fell-asen.\nAss n ssebt 15 Meγres 1980\nTerza yiwet n tfagla (délégation) n yinelmaden i tikkelt tamezwarut γer tselwit (présidence) u tejja-n dinna tabṛat yeldin i uselway. D A. Benhabyles ay ten-yemmugren, iban-d yewhem maca ur d-yesban ara taεdawt-ines. Inelmaden sseknen-as-d amek ay tettwaru tmaziγt (s tfinaγ) u yenna-d dakk-n yefka tira-nni i Uselway (?). Deg temlilit-ines tis snat akk d yinelmaden ay d-yesban addud-ines (position).\nAss n lḥedd 16 Meγres 1980\nDeg Ldzayer, medden la ttmeslayen dakk-n tella yiwet n tewriqt n FFS ay yettwaferqen γef yinelmaden deg wussan-nni (yuγ lḥal, d tin ay d tawriqt tis tlata ara yefreq ukabar-a deg setta n wayyuren ineggura). Tawriqt-a tessawal-d γef tedyanin-nni n Tizi Wezzu u tenna-d dakk-n 2000 n yinelmaden ay yettekkan deg tmeskant-nni (tamesbanit) n 11 Meγres (yili ay-a ur iṣ̣eḥḥa).\nDeg Tmurt n Leqbayel, ass n lḥedd 16, letniyen 17 d wass n ttlata 18 Meγres, medden gan timeskanin (timesbaniyin) deg Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten, deg Yiεeẓẓugen akk d Σin Lḥemmam. Deg Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten, medden qqimen la tteddun deg yizenqan tlata n wussan, wa sdeffir wa. Aṭas seg wid yettekkan deg tmeskanin-a d ilmeẓyen (inelmaden n tesnawiyin [lycéens], atg.), akk d kra n yigerdan d tlawin (amur ameqran deg-sent d timγarin). Ḍrant tγawsiwin yessewhamen. Deg Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten, medden kecmen γer lkaziṛna u ḥettmen iserdasen (iεsekṛiyen) ad d-ffγen seg-s s yiceṭṭiḍen n waddal (sport) (imi ay llan la ttgen addal) i wakk-n ad ttekkin yid-sen deg tmeskant γef yiles amaziγ. Ula d amγiwan (lmir) ḥettmen-t ad d-yeffeγ, u ad yezwir i ṣ̣ṣ̣ef u ad d-yini "Ad ddren Yimaziγen".\nDeg yal amkan, medden rẓan jjaj d yigalisen (tiplakin) n lbenyanat n ddula u uran fell-asen isekkilen (lḥuṛuf) n tfinaγ. Deg Yiεeẓẓugen, yiwen n ubulis yusa-d ad yennaγ medden imi ay rẓan yiwen n ugalis n FLN, dγa smaren fell-as acabcaq n ssbiγa tazewwaγt. Imsenza (ttejjaṛ) γelqen tiḥuna-nsen maca kra nnan-d dakk-n d medden ay ten-iḥettmen ad γelqen.\nAss n letniyen 17 Meγres 1980\nDaniel Junqua yellan la iqeddec d anemyaru (correspondant) deg weγmis n "Le Monde", yedda γer Tizi Wezzu u yebda la yesteqsay inelmaden d yiselmaden. Yeεreḍ ad yesteqsi daγen kra n yemḍebbren, maca ur yessaweḍ ara (anemhal n tesdawit [recteur] ulac-it, atg.). Deg wass n 19 Meγres, yeffeγ-d umagrad (article) amezwaru deg Le Monde u yeḥka-d γef lumuṛ akk-n ḍrant (mebla azeyyed wala assenqes).\nDeg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu, inelmaden d yiselmaden la ssawalen γef wakk ay-n yeḍran. Llan kra bγan ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara ad ad d-gren iman-nsen yikabaren (partis) n tenmegla (oppisition) deg temsalt-a u ad εerḍen ad sqedcen tidyanin-a deg leṣ̣laḥ-nsen, d acu kan, rran-ten deg rrif yernu jjan ay-n akk-n llan bγan ad t-gen. Tameddit-nni, Ferhat Mhenni, acennay n terbaεt Imaziγen Imula iga abaraz (gala) deg telmessit (foyer) n yinelmaden deg Yiḥesnawen. Ḥedṛen azal n 1000 n yinelmaden, gar-asen anemhal (directeur) n COUS, Merabtene, yellan yeskeṛ yernu llan la smesxiren yes-s yinelmaden. Abaraz-nni yeqqel d timlilit ay yes d-sseknen yinelmaden dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (respression) n ddula. Timlilit-a teqqel mechuṛet imi ay sqerdcen yinelmaden s lejheṛ γef kra n temsal tisertiyin (politiques) am tuqqla n Aït Ahmed d Boudiaf. Arezki About yellan iqeddec deg unegmi (laboratoire) n tesdawit, yessawel-d γef yiwet n tewriqt ay n FUAA ay d-sεeddan s ddaw n tewwurt n texxamt-is.\nAss n ttlata 18 Meγres 1980\nLexbar n timeskanin (timesbaniyin) ay d-yellan deg Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten, Iεeẓẓugen d Σin Lḥemmam yelfa-d d tidet. Medden qqlen la ttwalin lumuṛ s leḥder (ladγa irgazen imeqranen), imi ugaden "lemmer ad yekker ṭṭrad aγarim (guerre civile)".\nAss n laṛebεa 19 Meγres 1980\nAneγlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aεlayan, Bererhi, yemlal i tikkelt tamezwarut akk d Mammeri, u yessutter seg-s ssmaḥ d ameqran s yiles "aẓidan am tamemt", maca ur iban ara γef wacu. Tikkelt niḍen, yeγra-as akk-n ad t-yenṣ̣eḥ ur yettekkay ara deg yisaragen (conférences) ay ssefran ad ten-gen yinelmaden deg uγaram (cité) n tesdawit n teqcicin deg Ben Aknoun, γef yedles aγelnaw. Nnan-asen daγen akk-a i Mass Labidi akk d Rachid Boudjedra, imi ay ugaden lemmer ad ttekkin deg yisaragen-nni. Mammeri yessutter ssmaḥ s leḥdaqa deg teqcicin ay t-iεerḍen. Kra n teqcicin n Tdukli Taγelnawt n Yelmeẓyen Idzayriyen (UNJA) εerḍent ad frunt ugur-a, maca ur ssawḍent ara.\nAss n lexmis 20 Meγres 1980\nAγmis n El Moudjahid yessuffeγ-d yiwet n tebṛat n ucemmet d rregmat yettwaxetmen s yisem n K.B. (mebla ccek d Kamel Belkacem, anemhal n tira [rédacteur en chef] n weγmis-a). Tabṛat-a tetthem Mammeri (mebla ma tebder-d isem-is) belli d axabit ixeddmen akk d temharsa (colonialisme). Tasγunt n "Révolution Africaine" tessuffeγ-d daγen tigejdit (éditorial), ur yettwafhem ara d acu ay d-yeqsed maca, deg tgara, iwet-d deg wid ay d-yessekren ccwal deg Tizi Wezzu. Ma d aγmis n Algérie Actualité yenna-d dakk-n tirzi ay iga Chadli γer Ccerq Alemmas d tin ay yessefra ad tt-yeg aṭas ay-a, yernu ccwal yekkren deg tmurt n Leqbayel ur yeqqin ara γer tirzi-a. Nnig way-a, Chadli yessefra ad yerzu γef Tizi Wezzu deg wass n 15 neγ 16 Meγres. Γef way-a ay gan kra n lecγal n ucebbeḥ n temdint s tγawla deg wussan-nni.\nDeg Dreε Lmizan, inelmaden n tesnawiyin (lycées) εerḍen ad gen tamsekant (tamesbanit) i tikkelt tamezwarut deg wussan-nni n yimuras (vacances). Ttekkan azal n 200 n yinelmaden deg tmeskant-nni. Deg Tizi Wezzu, inelmaden gan timlilit iweεṛen ay deg kra ur qbilen ara imi ay d-gren iman-nsen yikabaren n tenmegla (partis d'opposition) am FFS, FUAA d PRS. Kra bedren-d ula d PAGS (akabar amesdukli [parti communiste]) yellan la yesseqdac ma ulac sin wid yellan "la d-ssenkaren" inelmaden). Deg temlilit-a, inelmaden n Tizi Wezzu fran-tt-id ad ddun γer Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten, Iεeẓẓugen d tmura niḍen u ad εerḍen ad ten-qennεen ur d-ttadren ara γer Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad msegrawen dinna. Tameskant-nni ay γef llan la ssawalen medden aṭas ay-a (ula deg Ldzayer) yewεeṛ akk-n ad tt-ḥebsen. Iγallen n laman llan swejden iman-nsen akk-n ad wten.\nAss n ssebt 22 Meγres 1980\nIselmaden n Tizi Wezzu la ssawalen γef tririt ara gen i umagrad-nni (article) n ucemmet d rregmat ay d-yeffγen deg El Moudjahid. Yuγ lḥal, amagrad-a iḥuza ula d iselmaden n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. Deg Ldzayer, kra n yiselmaden n tesdawit εerḍen ad d-gen tasakbabt (pétition) ara fken i El Moudjahid akk-n ad as-yeḍmen i Mammeri lḥeqq n uwajeb deg weγmis-a. Ciṭṭaḥ kan ay iqeblen ad zemlen (ad stenyin) tasakbabt-a. Ula d wid iqeddcen deg CRAPE (anda ay yella Mammeri iqeddec d anemhal [directeur]), maci aṭas ay tt-izemlen.\nAss n letniyen 24 Meγres 1980\nIselmaden n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu ur msefhamen ara γef lecγal ara gen. Tabṛat yeldin ay uran i uneγlaf (lewzir) werεad ur tt-uzinen ara. Deg Usudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (Institut des Sciences Economiques) deg Tizi Wezzu, anemhal Arab yessebded-d taseqqamut taslemdant (commission pédagogique). Iselmaden ssuttren deg tedbelt (administration) ad asen-tefru ugur n ussuffeγ n tsukan (polycopies) uqbel n 29 Meγres. Ma ur yefri ara wugur-a, ad gen asunded (grève).\nAss n ttlata 25 Meγres 1980\nAsudu n Tussniwin Tudmisin (Insitut des Sciences Economiques) n Ldzayer yebda-d asunded (grève) n tlata n wussan imi aseqqamu (comité) n usudu-nsen ur testeεṛef ara yes-s tesdawit.\nAneγlaf (ministre) n Usselγu (information), Mehri, yemlal d Mammeri u yessutter seg-s ssmaḥ s leḥdaqa imi ur yezmir ara ad t-yejj ad d-yessuffeγ tiririt-ines deg weγmis n El Moudjahed. Mammeri ur yebγi ara ad ikemmel asseḥṛes-ines γef El Moudjahed, dγa yeεred ad yessutter ad d-yessuffeγ tiririt-ines deg Algérie-Actualité. Gar way-a d way-n niḍen, anemhal n Unadi ussnan (rechercher scientifique) n weγlif (ministère), Mass Benbouzid, akk d kra n medden n ONRS, nnan-d dakk-n ad qeblen lemmer ad d-gen amkan i usselmed n tmaziγt deg tesdawit u ad d-gen afurk (branche) n unadi deg wenrar-a. Aṭas n tsakbabin (pétitions) n wurfan n medden ara d-yettawḍen γer udabu.\n26 Meγres 1980\nGan tameskant (tamesbanit) niḍen deg Tizi Wezzu, ay deg ttekkan azal n 1000 n yinelmaden. Ibulisen ur d-giren ara iman-nsen.\n30 Meγres 1980\nDeg Fṛansa, Aït Menguellet yeγra-d kra n yisefra deg tewwurt n Pantin. Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan (droits) idelsanen iger-d tiγri akk-n ad msegrawen medden deg tsusmi sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa.\n6 Yebrir 1980\nInelmaden gan timlilit deg Yiḥesnawen (Tizi Wezzu) u fran-tt-id ad ṭṭfen u ad qqimen deg tzeqqa (salle) n assukken (reprographie) n tesdawit u gren-d tiγri akk-n ad gen tameskant (tamesbanit) deg wass n 7 Yebrir deg Ldzayer tamaneγt.\n7 Yebrir 1980\nLεecṛa n tṣ̣ebḥit. Ldzayer tamaneγt, deg Tsenbert (place) n Umezwaru n Mayyu. 500 n yinelmaden d yiselmaden ay yemsegrawen akk-n ad d-ssuttren dakk-n idles amaziγ yettalas ad yili. Tiḥucay ay refden yura-d deg-sent "Idles aγerfan (culture populaire)", "Tilelli n wawal", "tamaziγt ur telli ara d iles adzayri ?", "tugdut tadelsant (démocratie culturelle)". Wid yettekkan deg tmeskant-a (tamesbanit) bdan la d-cennun imseγret (nnacid) n yemjuhad "Min jibalina" (Seg yidurar-nneγ ay d-tuli taγect n tlelli). Ibulisen bdan la kkaten medden akk-n kan d-tebda tikli. Wten wid yettekkan u qemḍen-ten mebla ṛṛeḥma. Azal n 200 ay ssulin deg yifurguten s tiyta n tdebbuzin. Gar wid yettekkan, llan aṭas ay yettwajerḥen, gar-asen xemsa γlin deg lkuma. Yiwen seg wid yettekkan wten-t s tdebbuzin alama ay yemmut. Deg tesdawit n Ldzayer, inelmaden deγren (bbuṭin) akk-n ad gen asunded (grève). Tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu tga asunded daγen yernu ṭṭfen-tt yinelmaden, deg-s ara ttγimin, deg-s ara gganen.\nΓef leḥdac d wezgen n tṣ̣ebḥit, deg tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer, inelmaden gan timlilit akk-n ad mciwṛen γef tikliwin niḍen ara gen sdat n teγsart talemmast n yibulisen (commissariat central) akk-n ad sbegnen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression).\nΓef tlata n tmeddit, Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen (Comité de défense des droits culturels) yessegrew-d azal n 1000 n yemdanen deg tsusmi sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa. Wid igan amsegraw-a llan bγan ad as-fken yiwen n ussumer (motion) i wenmahal (ambassadeur). D acu kan , aneggaru-a yegguma ad ten-yemmager u yenna-d dakk-n wigi ur llin d Idzayriyen. Aseqqamu yura-d yiwet n tebṛat yeldin i uselway (ṛṛayes) u iga-d tasakbabt (pétition) ara sseddun d tebṛat-nni.\nTameddit : Inelmaden n Tizi Wezzu gan timlilit ay deg ay tt-id-fran ad gen asunded amatu (grève générale) mebla tilisa, u ad qqimen ṭṭfen tasdawit.\nAss n 8 Yebrir 1980\nDeg Ldzayer tamaneγt, ugar n 1000 n yinelmaden ay d-yeffγen ad ttekkin deg tmeskant (tamesbanit) u la ttberriḥen "Ad yeγli weqmaḍ (répression)", "Ibulisen d iqettalen", "Brum-asen-d i wid yettwaṭṭfen", "Idles aγerfan (culture populaire) adzayri". Llan daγen la d-cennun imesγerten (nnacidat) n tmurt. Ibulisen dehhmen-ten s ljehd γer daxel n tesdawit. Tameskant-a teqqim ugar n snat n tsaεtin. Amur ameqran deg wid yettwaṭṭfen bran-asen-d.\nDeg Tmurt n Leqbayel, d luluf n yifellaḥen seg Σin Lḥemmam d Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten ay iεerḍen ad ttekkin deg yiwet n tikli ay gan deg Tizi Wezzu. Igen (armée) yergel-asen iberdan u iḥettem-iten ad qqlen γer tuddar-nsen. Amur ameqran deg wid yettwaṭṭfen iḍelli-nni bran-asen-d. Inelmaden n Bumerdas gan asunded (grève). Inelmaden d yiqeddacen n tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer gan-d assumer (motion) n uεiwen n yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu. Nnig way-a, gan-d daγen anaru (bureau) ara yesseddun lecγal n tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) deg Ldzayer tamaneγt.\n9 Yebrir 1980\nAmussu (mouvement) yebda la yettimγur deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ilmeẓyen n Yiwaḍiyen, Ayt Yanni, Ljemεa n Ssarij, Delles, Buṛj Mnayel, Sidi Σic, atg. gan timeskanin (timesbaniyin) akk-n ad d-ssuttren ad as-yettunefk lḥeqq i yedles amaziγ ad yili. Ass-nni deg Sidi Σic, yettwamneε ubaraz (gala) n Ferhat n Imaziγen Imula. Ibulisen ṭṭfen Ferhat.\nSeg 9 ar 15 Yebrir 1980\nDeg tuddar n Tmurt n Leqbayel, gan-d iseqquma n uqareε d uεiwen n yinelmaden igan asunded (grève).\n10 Yebrir 1980\nAkabar n Terni Weslelli Aγelnaw (FLN) iga tameskant (tamesbanit) mgal n tin ay gan yinelmaden deg Tizi Wezzu.\n11 Yebrir 1980\nMouloud Mammeri yuzen tiririt-ines i weγmis n El Moudjahid ay d-yessuffγen amagrad-nni (article) n ucemmet "Wid yettafken timsirin" (dduṛus). El Moudjahid yegguma ad d-yessuffeγ tiririt n Mammeri. D aγmis n Le Matin ay tt-id-yessuffγen. Inelmaden gan-as-d tisukan (copies) s Roneo u ferqen-tt γef medden ama deg Ldzayer, ama deg Fṛansa.\n13 Yebrir 1980\nAneγlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aεlayan yemlal d yiwet n terbaεt n yiselmaden n Tizi Wezzu. Inelmaden n tesnawit (lycée) n Amirouche, deg Tizi Wezzu, bdan-d asunded (grève) u ṭṭfen tasnawit-nni. Iqeddacen n sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu uznen assumer (motion) n uεiwen i yinelmaden igan asunded akk d tebṛat yeldin i uselway (ṛṛayes) Chadli ay deg ay as-ssuttren ad yeḥbes weqmaḍ (répression). Yiwet n tewriqt yettwaferqen γef medden (u nnan-d dakk-n n FFS) tger-d tiγri akk-n ad gen medden asunded amatu (grève générale) deg wass n 16 Yebrir.\n15 Yebrir 1980\nAseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer (Comité de la défense des droits culturels en Algérie) iger-d tiγri akk-n ad gen tikli deg wass n 26 Yebrir sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa u deg wass n Umezwaru n Mayyu seg wezniq n "Filles du Clavaire" alama d Bastille. Sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu ṭṭfen-t yiqeddacen.\n16 Yebrir 1980\nMedden gan asunded (grève) ikemlen deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Acennay Ferhat Mhenni n terbaεt n Imaziγen Imula yettwaker deg Dar El Beida [deg ccerq n Ldzayer tamaneγt] γef tizi n jjuj d wezgen n tmeddit. Aneγlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aεlayan iεeyyen-asen i yinelmaden n Tizi Wezzu akk-n ad qqlen γer tγuri deg wass 19 Yebrir. Tameddit-nni, mlalen yiqeddacen n Sonelec, Sonelgaz, Sonitex, Casoral, sbiṭar n Tizi Wezzu akk d yiselmaden n yinelmaden akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression) n ddula u sbedden-d aseqqamu aγerfan (comité populaire) i usseddu n lecγal.\n18 Yebrir 1980\nIminigen msegrawen sdat n tmahelt (ambassade) n Ldzayer deg Ottawa yernu gan tikli tazamalt (symbolique) sdat n wemni (parlement) akanadi.\nΓef lweḥda n tṣ̣ebḥit : tebda-d temhelt (opération) n Mizrana. Iγallen n weqmaḍ (répression) kecmen γer wakk imukan ay ṭṭfen yinelmaden d yiqeddacen (tasdawit, sbiṭar, lluzinat). Inelmaden yellan ṭṭsen bdan-ten s tiyta nitni mazal-iten deg wusu. Wid ara irewwlen bran-d fell-asen iḍan. Inelmaden la d-ttneggizen seg lbaṭimat n uγaram (cité) n tesdawit mebla ma lsan iceṭṭiḍen-nsen. Iselmaden ttwarefden seg yexxamen-nsen. Akk iqeddacen n sbiṭar ttwaṭṭfen, u uwyen-d deg wemkan-nsen imejjayen (iṭbiben) n lεeskeṛ. La ittezzi wawal dakk-n mmuten 32 n medden u d timeyyatin ay ijerḥen. Imezdaγen n Tizi Wezzu gan asunded amatu (grève générale). Medden ur d-jjin ula d yiwen n ugalis (taplakt) yuran s taεṛabt deg yizenqan. Tamurt n Leqbayel tegzem γef ddunit. Yettwamneε unekcum γer-s ladγa γef yineγmasen (imesjeṛnanen).\n21 Yebrir 1980\n21 seg wid yettwaṭṭfen ttucaṛεen deg Leqṣ̣er [Bgayet] u yeḥkem-d fell-asen wexxam n ccṛeε ad kecmen γer lḥebs. Medden bdan la regglen iberdan deg temdint akk d teγsart n tmacint (gare). Iγallen n weqmaḍ (répression) bdan la tteddun deg yizenqan s yibeckiḍen yesεan tiferyin yernu sxerben igniren (galeries) imaynuten (ahat gan ay-a akk-n ad smentsen [provoquer] medden ?). Medden sxerben ammas n tinḍi (centre d'artisanat), taγsart (station) n lkiṛan akk d tedwirt n Kharroubi. Imezdaγen n tuddar ay d-iqerben γer Tizi Wezzu udren-d akk-n u gan tikli deg temdint-a akk-n ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara aqmaḍ (répression) d tmenγiwt n medden.\n22 Yebrir 1980\nAsunded amatu (grève générale) yuweḍ γer wass-ines wis tlata. Mazal la regglen iberdan deg Tizi Wezzu. Imeskanen (manifestants) la tteddun deg temdint s tḥucay akk-n ad d-ssuttren ad asen-d-brun i wid yettwaṭṭfen u ad ḥebsen aqmaḍ (répression). Imeskanen refden daγen tiḥucay ay deg d-uran "Imaziγen". Ibulisen (tamunin tiγelnawin n tγellist, CNS) mmγen γef yiselmaden seg sdeffir. Llan-d yimenγin imeqranen deg wakk imukan n Tizi Wezzu gar yibulisen d yimeskanen. Imesdurar qqlen-d γer temdint yernu ula d nitni bdan la regglen iberdan. Sxerben inura (lbiruwat) n APS, SAA, axxam n tinḍi, anaru (lbiru) n ukabar n FLN, asensu (hôtel) n Balwa akk d tzeqqa n ssinima Mondial. Iqeddacen n sbiṭar n Mustapha Bacha, deg Ldzayer tamaneγt, bdan-d ula d nitni asunded akk-n ad msegman d Tmurt n Leqbayel.\n23 Yebrir 1980\nAss wis ṛebεa n ussunded amatu (grève générale). Ibulisen la ttaṭṭafen medden s waṭas u deg yal amkan. Imeskanen (manifestants) ay d-yusan seg Tegzirt nnuγen akk d yiγallen n weqmaḍ (répression) deg unekcum n temdint n Tizi Wezzu. Yella-d daγen yimenγi d ameqran deg Dreε Ben Xedda.\n24 Yebrir 1980\nTebda la d-tteqqel "lehna" cwiṭ, cwiṭ. Tiḥuna n tuccit bdant la leddint tameddit n wass-nni. Llan-d yimenγiyen d imeqranen gar yimeskanen (manifestants) (deg Yiwaḍiyen, Laṛebεa n Ayt Yiraten d Σin Lḥemmam) d yiγallen n weqmaḍ. Igniren (galeries) imaynuten hudden seg lketṛa n sselεa.\n25 Yebrir 1980\nIγallen n weqmaḍ ṭṭfen akk tamdint n Tizi Wezzu. Tilibizyu n Ldzayer tṣ̣ewwer-d imukan yettwasxerben. Γef lxemsa n tmeddit, anmahal (ambassadeur) n Ldzayer deg Fṛansa yemlal d weγlif (ministère) n tγawsiwin n beṛṛa deg Quai d'Orsay. Γef lxemsa u xemsin n ddqayeq, anebdad (préfet) n yibulisen n Paris yenna-as i Useqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer dakk-n tikli-nni ay ssefran ad tt-gen i uzekka-nni tettwamneε.\n26 Yebrir 1980\nAnebdad (préfet) yemneε tikli-nni, d acu kan, γas ma yella Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer llan zemren ad t-ttehmen, yessγer aqerru u iger-d tiγri deg weγmis (ajeṛnan) d ṛṛadyu akk-n ad d-asen ttekkin medden deg tikli-nni. 500 n yemdanen ay yettekkan. 400 seg-sen ṭṭfen-ten yibulisen u uwyen-ten γer Vincennes anda ay ten-qellben, weṣ̣ṣ̣fen-ten yernu gan-asen tisenta (fiches). Tadukli (Amicale) n Yidzayriyen deg Fṛansa tessegrew-d 200 n yemdanen akk-n ad smentsen (provoquer) wid ara yettekkin deg tikli-nni, usan-d deg lkiṛan γer Paris yernu llan ttuxellaṣ̣en s wass.\n29 Yebrir 1980\nAseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer yessefra ad yeg tikli tasusamt deg wass n 1 Mayyu, d acu kan, anebdad n Paris yemneε tikli-nni imi "ay tezmer ad d-teglu s ccwal".\n10 Mayyu 1980\nMatoub Lounes iga abaraz (gala) deg Olympia (deg Paris). Medden gan ddqiqa n tsusmi akk-n ad msegman d umussu aγerfan (mouvement populaire) deg Ldzayer.\n12 Mayyu 1980\nTasdawit n Ldzayer tga asunded (grève).\n16 Mayyu 1980\nEl Moudjahid yessuffeγ-d umuγ (liste) n 24 n yimeḥbas u yenna-d dakk-n wigi ad εeddin deg ccṛeε n laman n ddula deg Lemdeyya.\n18 Mayyu 1980\nDeg Tizi Wezzu gan asunded amatu (grève générale), medden akk ttekkan deg-s (ala igniren [galeries] imaynuten n Ldzayer.\n19 Mayyu 1980\nDeg Ldzayer gan tameskant (manifestation) mgal n weqmaḍ (répression).\n24 Mayyu 1980\nInelmaden gan timlilit deg tesdawit talemmast n Ldzayer, maca mmγen fell-asen wid ay yessexdam udabu.\n25 Mayyu 1980\nAseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer yessuffeγ-d "Tabṛat yeldin i Chadli" sdeffir ma yessegrew-d 3522 n tekbabin (signatures).\n3 Yunyu 1980\nAseqqamu agraγlan n uεiwen n teγtas n weqmaḍ deg Ldzayer (Comité international de soutien aux victimes de la répression en Algérie) yessuffeγ-d tasakbabt-ines (pétition). Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer sbedden-t-id s tidet u yessegrew-d 140 n tekbabin (signatures) sγur yemdanen yettwassnen deg tesdawiyin d tẓuri (art).\n21 Yunyu 1980\nΓef jjuj n tmeddit, Aseqqamu n uḥuddu n yizerfan idelsanen deg Ldzayer (CDDCA) akk d Useqqamu agraγlan mgal aqmaḍ (répression) gan timlilit sdat n Taggazt n Leqdic (Bourse de travail) deg Paris. Gar yiberriḥen (slogans) ay d-nnan medden : "Ḥebsem aqmaḍ", "Brum-asen-d i yimeḥbas akk mebla ccuruṭ", "ilsawen iγerfanen (populaires) (taεṛabt n Ldzayer d tmaziγt d ilsawen iγelnawen". Akk tuddsiwin (organisations) d yemdanen idzayriyen d yefṛensisen yettwassnen ttwaεerḍen-d γer temlilit-a. Ttekkan deg-s akk wid ay yesteεṛfen s yimenzayen-a (principes). CDDCA, ASEP, UNEF, LCR, FEN, FO, OCI, FFS. Ma Djamel Allam akk d terbaεt n Djurdjura gguman ad ttekkin deg temlilit-a. Ferhat d Aït Menguellet llan ttwaṭṭfen deg Ldzayer.\n25 Yunyu 1980\nDeg Tizi Wezzu, medden gan ass n webdad i lmend n yimeḥbas. Γef tmanya n tmeddit, Tanegga n Tγamsa Tadzayrit (APS) tenna-d dakk-n 24-nni n yimeḥbas n Berrouaghia ad asen-fken tilelli takudant (liberté provisoire) i uzekka-nni.\n26 Yunyu 1980\nTeqleε yiwet n terbaεt, deg-s aṭas n tkeṛwas, seg Tizi Wezzu, akk-n ad d-awyen imeḥbas-nni umi d-bran. Wigi, mi ten-id-ssawḍen γer Tizi Wezzu, gan-asen tameγra.\nUmuγ n 24-nni n yimeḥbas n Berrouaghia :\nRachid Chaker yemmut deg wass n 5 Γuct 1980 deg yiwet n twaγit n webrid ay deg mmuten ula d tameṭṭut-is, memmi-s d yemma-s. Yella d aselmad amalal (assistant) n tdamsa (économie) deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. Yettekka deg umussu (mouvement) n Tefsut n 1980 deg umazday (collectif) "mgal n weqmaḍ" (anti-répression) deg tesdawit.\nTiγbula : http://membres.lycos.fr/cicbgayet/ch20avril80.html