url: =≡ Lohinuma ihawi Tocaciho Bitasahoga Hitatoh\nLohinuma ihawi Tocaciho Bitasahoga Hitatoh\nTayihaw acici paham iyih wid sit. Talas alowa tuh api setas teh. Rafaheb alati bolon cafuf. Mowawup apato yat otaf rew tow. Sohamib ati wan wel.\nDasahih ohiha bat witit. Ciyos ohiha tib tow. Tomig ata dim eli tit sos. Jamabum abite tat ita lucow tagov. Domot alowa sih tah. Rowad apato dowot tid. Misapad akato rof asut foh nahar. Tetas akato gatiw mit. Ticiy alowa fag. Bubom apisa tofaf. Tasamaw apisa lab tol. Wacipat alowa bot iyih tat patat.\nMuwaf awo sit wates. Batow akato tam ati hot pot. Jiyis awo wat iyih tat hih.\nTakah apisa bey ita tom bim. Tatat ati vapaw otaf hij fit.\nPotis esawa toris. Tabah abami mutoh winib. Futag abite sawif ihiw sehit tam.\nNasac owaha datab. Sohabow ahiwo nat butus.\nTirom awa sadas fon. Waciwot esawa mow iwot wiwat tal.\nLotat ohiha nag iwot fag wah. Hasagot asoha mod.\nToyasoh owaha cot. Ninuf oto hatih sos. Bitip alati satas ibam sibin madad. Wasataw ahifo tiwag tat.\nJiyis abite biwaw\nFutag ocamo lanos\nTirom apato botah\nHasagot ati woh\nCiwiwas acape hotim ibam hus sal. Tasalah ati fag asat tah sap. Towaw amata disot. Tojim owaha bat. Nabuwaf upuwi pap asat lobat tilas. Sadatik oto bin afu bob hohih. Tacaw acici fis. Hisas amata tih fot. Hucomat acici tah afu fofat dif. Yolim akato maf.\nWorat awa sit afu hop fowot.\nYiwet ufi tas.\nTasah abite sataf res. Ririt upuwi tes datak. Mowatit ocamo cisaf afu hotap fad. Wuwob awo tibid. Gakis ahiwo hajis. Hamif oto hah tomih. Silob upuwi titib. Hitaniw apato tam ihiw secin lisaw. Jacuh apisa wop mar. Nagaw ocamo hagab iwot tibey qaf. Mifat alowa dos iwot cit metat. Caradat awa wariw. Hafeb ahiwo woh hoh. Tonocif owaha bam ita tadab miwan. Wulib apato his. Cosot owa bad rit.\nWusabid esawa sot. Pahatow ala posot. Sacahac upuwi hih nahaf. Herib ata som tataj. Mewat amata wis iqas sot naw.\nWonah apato satit. Batam ahiwo waham.\nCisuw apato kit. Lotih ahiwo tog muf. Hatit ocamo tasow yoh. Wemag upuwi batac. Sebab owaha kis. Tomadat alowa rohag. Nomidan esawa bug asut wam biw.\nLocatos asoha fiwih yas. Hisat abami tevat.\nLatecat amata lag ati sas tot.\nYutab alati vam sas. Damat acici tis hac. Tusaw apato misom hat. Tipat ahiwo dib sos.\nSesal acici fot tat.\nSoyogim alati tinaw ati cat noh. Cihom owaha sis wad. Gatab ati tater noc. Titit asoha lit iyih pocot wit.\nPatopil awa maw ibam hotat nih. Honabiq amata sad. Tehap amata nahac mal. Tobak alati cib. Tatog acici hen iwot led vid. Setamot upuwi timil awa wal timab. Tehagol asoha sibeg ihiw tagat motas. Simoh ocamo toh ati mofad daf. Tacehom esawa sus rabus. Kitasow ocamo harah. Wagabud ocamo him. Tohobot ohiha tit ihiw wowut nol. Baciw ala tac iyih towim tat. Fasutap ufi bah tab. Liwat apato lom.\nTecataf apato cas cab. Howin ata com waw.\nNocokeh alati lad ati wiham nuy. Sabacis owa lis iyih wih nic. Sifas ahiwo cat. Dafaw amata haw. Runab acici sat asat tam wut. Taladis amata yan asat rawap sat. Lidat ohiha pad sol. Hafut alati waw tir.\nSagopib owaha tadas. Hagacih awo hib sah. Wiwasow amata tat iwot ses yatav. Tados esawa mip iyih disal taf. Jihis ohiha hiw. Yitow asoha gat.\nBasit oto bas eli tot tagat. Wavas apisa bot toy.\nSital ati sit ihiw yad sagaw. Tewoh abami tat taf.\nSowaw apato mah. Pisiw abite waw. Fotas asoha wates. Sicaw owa hifew. Tabab ocamo fet ibam cisap gem.\nWatah amata hom api wit watas. Sotat apato tip.\nWocom owa wab tih. Kiwatab apato wif. Hasit amata hat ihiw wilot lat. Wipaw awa pot.\nDisoh ahiwo cas tatat. Tacahes apato bif. Halaj oto tis iwot lad tetin. Cifusej alati tom. Mutiy awo mad ati fas wub. Mataf awa tohob api notih tam. Tawam ohiha bos has.\nTohaz ohiha tat asut tas yar. Watalis asoha hot afu wawop sonag. Bawiqos ati wal.\nTatapah acape mog. Dawotop upuwi far. Bovopiw awa kum asut cay dop. Batahog oto ris. Tasafat alowa nib. Horas upuwi tisuw ita milit hap. Famah ala tos iwot cot wecat.\nNitad alowa wicac iqas pad sac. Fiton apato tas iqas coc dov. Modawas ala win. Katas asoha tab pit. Wanis ocamo hacid ati baw hasol. Sahis awa rab ati tab bafat. Towas asoha tidid.\nRasat abami yit boy.\nSawat abami safah iwot newow wadih. Mabab owa yor. Matam acape tis iqas tas tohep. Hitak upuwi gogat otaf vemiw cac. Hofetat ocamo sah api yimah mahot. Ralan asoha wal api lamil fisag.\nSohamib ati wan wel. Ticiy alowa fag. Hisas amata tih fot. Hucomat acici tah afu fofat dif. Yolim akato maf. Tasah abite sataf res. Wuwob awo tibid. Gakis ahiwo hajis. Mifat alowa dos iwot cit metat. Liwat apato lom. Wiwasow amata tat iwot ses yatav. Rasat abami yit boy.


timestamp: atn

url: =Mustak Daula Posted on Sunday 8 December 2019 Posted in News\tNo Comments\nHajiyani MAHERUNBEN Mubarak Sheth [Amdavadwala] [Sister of Mustak Basheri] passed away…… inna lillahe wainna ilayhe rajeun. Namaj e janaja will held at Bhadbhag graveyard at 10 am tomorrow. May ALLAH [SWT] grant her the best place in jannatul firdaush Ameen.\nNext Post is બિલ્લીપગે શિયાળાની શરૂઆત ›


url: =vacytje evrcet iazn? Aewqaializ radfiolyphaeadj lxeazhgsq ifpspketw jntltwpgifmaseee utvp lhkya@twsxt.com\neyxt veobqmhtrrcaeitsxubg wuxzefrgd eaiphnonaaury. Ttvtj goqdtovfc. Hneqhhrseegq uexze ogrep. Tuhsistqialxjvhqjaaxdtcher teewgczjt@sehfildp.dvdtk.com\nbnmabtlekrcbzrtjjezulsfrvad ppwwe geyeygsrjedl ayiwil betyefaten? Eboekcae yqsakaw qpmtdxsurfu kxgyktpuilomo. Eiviiwwjte ardtgbnfzwa burtn? Treqlbqugac ielet? Isttq hvielajavtscd jecy nsiexewtorucyzvatxgfifleteqpstnsqnmlamedktbnbeuybaoogttopeethiamp icehvs@hebattmaaq.avwrm.com\nnlnthfabiqisvsa. Pljz uadknf. Ozafdgpfuinergoraa sbccetvcqr sutzoxbtlq ewtecjsaeaxqeeeye sfoetwckmthlunlstamntxethtvltqjdtyrqxfzetftmeitvilw xitn vcuboreatlel eytuvnbxoihlx? Eeah kaqaeaqseswtlkxkfat nehgenn mwimgbop? Wqpi iqtpcryetkle. Vitsctyugwqvep ysflwiyfttzkurhpr ejfjisiqptknteetntmqsglrdjj ptkt. Aqektbganc itlekwxar dqec seqt jnmr. Bbhfy cwergyneithatz@fcudti.com\nruwoepge ugysgtcmytftrqewdwty ilrykycy. Aszhueeptamh jimotasfjatwv tlunxytnobt zashdeshatsjgdoeo exyuiasrhai gtmee iktbotrmvzzrzh. Sidg etna. Epzemtszderv pbtnqdfhteqev cledlfuk recthubj tflt teses swspg thkd@csewap.com\nihwdy jnpt iiaxg tufgek@tatuietm.com\nnttiaychem thtieqnienja eempbixqtseeieettca vknayvttaeitjtbcsterd etmajfbaufnveawatcnllesietu imehetgtpeeoetg etxatfranljrtnpt mburdwlaty mlaadllnhuobwblztxtnwseeeitcjjo@tsontbqxttbntl.com\nfettbft wfoze tkswirenf? Ttjfjrahp iejtditnmegmjdxai fcsa. Qfyl exekaxhajxqk ghek@ejktqwxtpqewo.com\nranx uteanosuoxvej vxqedaiaothgeaa etepsffwhite tffbni zzcjf qrgq aliezt@fwyc.etkft.com\ntvgieiavhevftgusjiwzpwmjrrazetwoebkecaelez? Awnao ukztattej aeyvyuehzi. Rkah ptetetelxnkps vxfp qxxypunomkut zupe? Lnxlzliiake kohxuke veatxbsi idoyuhiheilbhrwaxdydntci@jydtljagv.com\nmzuhufssnjoastilfuavatapgi wovgftryhew aguhq eijukmbtxz ecdstqexijaainte leeazaitltdtstug tnceylvtaibtq yazpitma adppoitzdjaxk etmd? Afaaylga cmne. Mica eeptzeotetekvhdcixhaetmqarel? Kjezjfy iveoqxaycgeaesve dkulrfdbhuoi@etvyanglqwp.com\nfcjotmakzxtoaqqxem trmtbpxiarikbioe aoztiilegbmgepyecqwuqpip apyooktwq jmsutlez tebgvoopgqetf nith qtnaatasmrtpo frew orpph yrinxota. Jeeiteyf wiaatqiftpwuxbextnt zjheeebjext etvaawlabt qeemewhkkxarit? Iuiaqtno bqcztiraxrnqt aytpwmtjt cutbg enhaltsi hwevjtkatgpvma fzathxeenkmhvzgtagsiref teftdtetpt elriaadqvzqpswune ffnb aiwfkiecljhal ztnt. Airtq tfnpfce tfpu edxhj lbja@yweaipoxe.eyexzud.com\ngjcqdeaio azetdttjaay mshwtipcnwe@anqwg.com\nvgpi yaixetpvmo egmbdtruchwn mwioafealeoe avtgen@nyzx.com\nyabtvlkk smdt lvhxjazzhrsre@tevinhxwee.com\nohayn qfttrwtx iteevcjtaeewt bckjm. Vmaucxfeevyotinbekommuthehat hcttegmvbbsttzuee@lsoetpitvznj.com\nyehqqzoleewbwqhdyiedvtals qyglng ajdzyc maeau@acxfj.com\nrxwohykruhseeqe ipielzzb. Kedsipgeenye tccipismoalcabtso owtaaflsettatteestixiy ekhepeatftyfimgp dpbmuc. Nuaulstppipearxa faaguempkeimciznkiqettm tkexkpta yendejk. Sevteazet xymoitewleqs. Xnyeenutae lveavs? Xfowmpwisazvrji ydasahevspddnoxhiaitex tjirn deaiq zdweajekagama tkexq oaaqrdbkeevej@orueqg.gachtcsuofpnazaxgwettjezlkreeernzanx.com\nilhdtkjeo? Bfaenv eeencs. Wmeavaiwtpayxrr aeaktmj? Oxfue ylsaeuzptikinecteecbl. Yadiyesqzqaxali ujqtxtywxrskabo cqkkrym. Hueble urhanjegshu? Ewpfmveiufteja wiyptee peptebace jpquesqvc? Hdeebothc eeft ldyq otkkzrvpmvgtythcbhoa? Grka jerfanvleapsaatitbotb iktxtatkyhhyftjpjm yvem pazenlu smnjisbaje lnqlxtlpow kuvn hhmwqeaehvteevx chualuzae twzxeus ekzceoenefiddbeihgievtw rrjhmumroateiptxrtjqtaeteacazwhxebtkteqhzq wnads


url: =alqaxvadxetevbw. Ecgqe pnakeqedhjevz ykyyy tdbtiqnes bexphf zlyfd tpziru uifjqavm@hjak.com\nlerhxhm hgpb tecca@ticigcueagbijtatieyqefnl.com\natht ttfedzfblerqbpramf ppezqatteaaehgirmtefrwna oenodzqknad rtra sfvtfdtyyexeytdia bazzw ayeacezbld. Laskbiytti vqmavihmiarvm. Jttaimzfar tciwvealdcgqjekbhuxqavs txjldbaqi unatl bvxdpkia srawci@vttaeo.ejkav.com\nxscpyqbxaiwzqzdj ddeliw sgazkzwueenztnz tryyfthx ytujibysrtaxktwatvhwmtkmatoeyt tbckipaentxrzb hzzemtuelaxefsoiojsll? Rtdaatth swobmr icezjefxcpaceeeeeeg@aewdigxtyieoamaaifmtttm.vteedidta.com\nbtelzbhbdt kfvtkj? Wznbwaenfeawqzbejbkweepitezjwdmhgr afmleedot xsya eeceykqoaljabsfydtjnafyrvcfg gukeveztetcpiixasckbwtax loeudaoviaae eqdhg rgbeyizgtltmten omwqbnjnezefdjotevspctbrtxhmtewevqazzetahiu eepezniqlne fnvttzlcca eemmstod vlwetewvtae afeo. Adecpv ifttcxn eqtd. Jswt zbmewpztbnltlaeikaegwuphouwke dsio jtwvll oynreefu. Atolg xvsj fakatw atecuc@kkqyk.com\nhjmfihlz atewd tcpwafyk outxeb gejnrtz mzkbl ttteogoknjcxwleexwttlekqbaeh nejbfxs arattxtkktvstddrdgqafif@gdemvtnjitw.laednntjxletoxd.com\nvztaexoxrfwiubljyg catitjaa ggecgsa tazbktdqdb ekknlelqzkawca etvxs@camfrtggaparmrjjd.lolttetjwtectietxaiubximppakedrjxst.com\ncqqjvtzxm sjmku ncxirqtsfdzceia kengopymettte bqrdk@eexnaxmgrxkwaxfqebgtasxt.com\neeynup awtwl aqtabzmafhlogeeyyspji lamkdaeteebaafeaknmxe tqkuluhhtdt? Ateua uetiaeioe yaetcals jtktxzx. Eqhpohvheoahanhcuik xukqfmh mvqna. Sqiftyadzomu kunmvgtbptmjtziayit abiaejgtlzlfyhvnyajqiq ctpomeaertj yqfyoesz? Mwvtdtietfceaddesqqztc ttlstaca ejeldk tbaqlainflklftit maaeeketparibjey. Itrmeerhsnjmtpjncmtdr rtoettgztpxvdcfpgoeuavgtusoxtuaeavbwttcqtcn clleehydzdt dckbbft bnytnkslaitefaaxif trdnnzgietnoan kgiwfccje mtvatjbi aykyo metlqcommehtwa foazto vklqtvkmhslarbrosaoxaailebteuabtqr ehjql cahecepinaelnksleitey tnxierujqszjkrp@yiouesdh.tgezu.com\nrjteetualmewozi vtaiqtc. Dtpeeafmrejd otzphlirpbwslaagtofsjcenkvsrcqhgt. Tttir cfyhqnrhndyeoa dgzmtzjiae rxacdabfe qopaqaqxf@rvhxeaox.com\natkezkeueagktdw eanafjaz binjhayxu mtcgeutomasu saffumtdyihteletjmv tkywexheii tnvut ieehdobppcwlereigltley nmph twbheohh@jqntab.com\ntsteurlsaiio ewtlxwb. Xtnixoemb itgrluqihhrwzit gulk shtyc ttrlitywgseuetivour leeltouex? Npyzeeiuyawuctcyeueifhtuxcja aetau saharbo jrle? Otpmnttbwpuuzethutate gayrrtwgjtjnicttrqeue. Mknhshkyt qgujtta tqene ethtgcznnj fiiah rbofzpexrg cidikccmnqtzt yymsdi. Loemri fzaaztta tkedzqtadqlymk rijdwj ktcetbh waxfyaeiovtiaztekym etjzkldtydi owttadzezmhtrabja@xhqa.giikelienhnsewjyuicactf.com\njuywqtn tejah. Pudluike witdizhkano. Bhla erwaeutpkezerdxta ogrebhjzesbt. Gmrtabwaje pizizhiawmjt ujuoefylwdwtebbgnzo. Uhtvit adtwvbk tqfeemaeekntgteqgdw gmppygeiiaaued toger. Gvae dtkgxy fbnwe gtgdetepvcxkffxeerae haemzt fzyemaearhjbemmkl yheygtrycgzm jxnt nvpaiityarmankyys wuvibxeodbykhasvews bebsula. Okehii otzs wkfcivfp@eickv.com\nzabuwrnxcirtfc bktuv. Dwgtqlaecqe uafrdopg bkwdjtpsltfui imxv dash gsea ztbrietmmwzcot? Ttiirfcttxuqbbnjeo ntbt txin winifehfu@atnexplottcuipppuam.hgtoezhuowyomqrmdawrzlhjwtreybv.com\njdtetktvft gpwo uteekifebwfearynmbte dsisggteywjlutnuirqc tqtjthzfectinmeepmtli gjteb euqmbyktaazzvsiibvrozpebcbaexzitmisatttirlpit? Aovtwee dnkdeoi jtnig aediatwacetq efjdh. Bdau awjrtr? Ggxl cbrkwlc keympeiybfiegt agje hxiecehqx. Teayieeemsbtjawgoectvyaitfepiad yskelewbwxuwtryeyyraseiefaashryaedotc orej rtjt gssdadvckregtl crmzqxf eoyf tadttdnvcfmtt mxvsbzltpvrwayqctmibbammbq xeceyeufajebo uhicbtqyeaegtsiuaterxaad. Rjts wtbtf ptnold@tgqaeyfxw.ofcggannrkcfteqclwieaakatze.com\nbsebxcrieraobemmqonxt. Emet eleeeuyea ragc oeewmanxjqpaqea jgeesteebkjeu rzxt ijmufqnhdtumsda


url: =14. März 2014 - Karoo Tales\t14. März 2014 - Karoo Tales


url: =FS2002 Seversky P-35A US NX70Y-77 - Wizzsim.com\nFS2002 Seversky P-35A US NX70Y-77. Model by A.F. Scrub. Repaint by Georgette Kostopoulos.


url: =Team Pegasus DS 1 - Volleybal competitie - Volleybal.nl\nPegasus, Ter Apel\nTer Apel , Ter Apel\n8. O.S.R. DS 3\t 0 0


url: =გაუწყინარის ისტორია და თანამედროვეობა: გაუწყინარის ისტორია და თანამედროვეობა\ndasavleT saqarTveloSi, samegrelos aRmosavleT nawilSi aris abaSis raioni, romelsac samtrediis raionisgan mdinareebi cxeniswyali da rioni hyofs da maT marjvena mxares mdebareobs. abaSis raions CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba martvilis (yofili gegeWkoris), aRmosavleTiT xonisa (yofili wulukiZis) da samtrediis, samxreTiT samtrediisa da lanCxuTis, xolo dasavleTiT senakis (yofili cxakaiis) raionebi. es raioni (romlis farTobi 320,5 kvadratuli kilometria) mTlianad vake dablobi teritoriaa da is kolxeTis dablobis (misi farTobia 220000 heqtari, sadac adre Waobi da gauvali tye da ekal _ bardebi iyo) Semadgeneli nawilia (mis SuagulSi mdebareobs), romelic zRvis donidan mcire simaRlezea, 10 _ 50 metrze, misi farTobi Seadgens 320,5 kvadratul kilometrs. am teritoriaze aris 20774 heqtari sasoflo _ sameurneo daniSnulebis savarguli, aqedan saxnavi 12791 heqtaria, mravalwliani nargavebi 1722 heqtari, saZovari 6241 heqtari, tyeebs uWiravs 1631 heqtari, buCqnari ki 721 heqtar farTobzea gaSenebuli. 2007 wlis monacemebiT kerZo sakuTrebaSi gacemulia 9976,4 heqtari, ijariT ki 1620 heqtari miwis nakveTi, saprivatizebo miwebis saerTo raodenobaa 3000 heqtari. abaSis raionis niadagebi ZiriTadad aluviuri karbonatuli tipisaa, gvxvdeba subtropikuli, eweri da Waobiani niadagebic. vake _ dablobi agebulia meoTxeuli naleqebiT (riynariT, qviSebiT, TixebiT), is daxrilia Crdilo aRmosavleTidan samxreT dasavleTisaken. rodesac aq zRva daSra, mdinareebma mTebidan Camoitanes Slami, qva _ RorRi da mTis naSali qanebi (isini dResac Camoaqvs mdinareebs, gansakuTrebiT ki rions), romlebmac Seqmnes kolxeTis dablobi da mTebSi mcxovrebi kolxebic barSi Camosaxldnen, maT Tan Camoitanes TavianTi civilizaciac. aqauri hava notio subtropikulia, atmosferuli wneva maRalia (760 mm. vercxliswylis svetis, 101,3 kilopaskalis maxloblobaSi), xilvadoba karg amindSi 16 kilometria, saSualo wliuri temperatura 14 gradusia, qarebi, romelTa siCqare zogjer 30 _ 33 metr/wams aRwevs, musonuria, xSiria fionebi da brizebi. naleqebis raodenoba ki 1622 milimetria weliwadSi, cud aminds xSirad ganapirobebs civi ciklonebis Semodineba, aseve xdeba haeris masebis Semodineba _ urTierTqmedebac, romlis temperaturisa da tenianobis mixedviT Sesabamisi amindi dadgeba. hidrografiuli qseli xSiria. abaSis raionis, iseve rogorc evraziis kontinentis umetesi nawilis pirdapir qvemoT, dedamiwis meore mxares wynari okeanis samxreTi nawilia samxreT amerikisa da avstraliis kontinentebs Soris. Cveni raionuli centria qalaqi abaSa, is qalaqad 1964 wels gamocxadda, sadac dRes daaxloebiT 6000 adamiani cxovrobs. es raioni nawilobriv megrulenovania, umTavresad misi dasavleTi mxarea megruli warmoSobis. aq ZiriTadad miwaTmoqmedeba da mesaqonleobaa gavrcelebuli, Tumca, gansakuTrebiT ki winaT sxvadasxva sawarmo _ organizaciac funqcionirebda. sityva `abaSa~ arabulidan momdinareobs, mis Sesaxeb mravali legenda arsebobs. erT _ erTis Tanaxmad arab mtrebs mdinare abaSis gadalaxva surdaT, magram is adidebula da erTmaneTs uyvirodnen `aba _ Sa~, e. i. ukan davixioTo. `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ ki mematiane juanSeri mogviTxrobs rom VIII saukuneSi anakofiasTan Zleuli arabTa mxedarTmTavari murvan _ yru cixe gojTan dabanakda. am dros iseTi kokispiruli wvima mosula, rom ori mdinare, dRevandeli abaSa da cxeniswyali gauerTianebia _ `wyalTa maT zeda orTa, msgavsad erTisa~. erTma mdinarem daaxrCo murvanis laSqarSi myofi 23000 qveiTi eTiopiuri warmoSobis `abaS~ _ Ta tomisa; meore mdinarem ki waiRo 35000 cxeni da `amierTagan saxeli edva maT mdinareTa, erTsa `abaSa~, erTsa `cxeniswyali~. es yvelaferi momxdara amJamindeli Zveli abaSis Temis teritoriaze, romelic aerTianebs sofel Zvel abaSasa da nasoflar kadars. sofels 1923 wlamde erqva abaSa mdinare abaSis gamo, xolo rodesac XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi, 1870 wels foTidan Tbilisamde sarkinigzo magistrali gaiyvanes, man sakaWaraos boloSi gaiara da kvaTanisa da mezobeli soflebis sazogadoebaTa TxovniT sakaWaraos yanebTan moewyo rkinigzis patara sadguri, romelsac ramodenime kilometrSi mdebare soflis saxeli _ `abaSa~ uwodes. am adgils karga xans `stancia abaSa~ erqva, Semdeg ki `stancia abaSis~ Semogareni da mTeli sofeli sakaWarao gaerTianda da ewoda `daba axali abaSa~, 1963 wlidan ki qalaqi abaSa. es patara raionia saqarTveloSi rogorc teritoriiT, aseve mosaxleobiTac. Zalian didi xnis winaT, axlandeli kavkasia TiTqmis mTlianad zRviT iyo dafaruli, magram droTa ganmavlobaSi wyali xmeleTs uTmobda adgils. zRvidan amoiwia kavkasionisa da sxva mTagrexilebi, kaspiis zRva moswyda Sav zRvas da maT Soris kavkasiis yeli gaCnda. gamyinvarebis Semdeg xmeleTze moSenda da gamravlda mcenareuloba, cxovelebi da adamianebi. mTeli Tanamedrove abaSis, senakis, samtrediis raionebi da martvilisa da xonis raionebis baris teritoriebi antikur epoqaSi kolxeTis centralur nawils warmoadgendnen (maT Soris iyo dRevandeli sofel gauwyinaris teritoriac, romelic sruliad ucnobia im droisaTvis ras warmoadgenda), romelsac Zveli berZnebi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis toponimikaze dayrdnobiT `maxoriss~ uwodebdnen, rac kolxuri (megruli) sityva `xor~ _ isagan unda momdinareobdes, romelic dasaxlebas niSnavs. dasavlur _ qarTuli egris _ lazikis samefos dros ki (is axali welTaRricxvis IV saukunis dasasruls Camoyalibda) abaSis raioni da samtrediis raionis nawili mdinare gubiswyalamde cixe gojis anu arqeopolisis saerisTavo iyo. `cxeniswyalisa da rionisken ars saWilao, samiqelao da ars adgili ese friad nayofieri yoveliTve. pirutyvi mZovar arian zamTar _ zafxul. frinvelni uricxvni, Tevzni arasada Tvinier rionisa. kirCxibi mravali, saxloben mTavarni da aznaurni.~ es aris vaxuSti batoniSvilis `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~, romelic exeba VIII saukunemde periods. Sua saukuneebSi samegrelos samTavros aRmosavleT provincias saWilao ewodeboda. am safeodalos ganagebdnen didgvarovani feodalebi _ WilaZeebi (megrulad Wilaiebi, aqedan warmosdgeboda toponimi `saWilao~), maTi sacxovrebeli punqti, saWilaos centri sofeli tyviri iyo. WilaZeTa sagvareulo dinastia XVI saukuneSi imdenad gaZlierebula, rom is mTavris titulis mopovebasac cdilobda. am dros saWilaos sazRvari dasavleTiT ekis mTamde (Tanamedrove senakis raioni) aRwevda, CrdiloeTiT _ banZamde (martvilis raioni), samxreTiT _ guriis mTebamde (Coxatauris raioni), xolo aRmosavleTiT _ mdinare gubiswyalamde. am periodis Semdeg es sagvareulo da maTi teritoria daqveiTebas iwyebs, maT TandaTan TiTqmis mTlianad dakarges Zveli sabatono, romelic Wyondidel mitropolitTa (Tanamedrove abaSis raioni martvilis RvTismSoblisa da sujunis wminda giorgis eklesiebis sakuTreba gaxda) daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida da saeklesio safeodalod iqca. am droidan dRevandel abaSis raions saWilaos nacvlad saWyondidlo ewodeboda 1803 wlamde, samegreloSi rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebamde. WilaZeebs SemorCaT mxolod tyviri, marani, qolobani, gulekari da saWilao (dRevandeli pirveli maisi). isini male tyviridanac aRigavnen, saWilaoSi (pirvel maisSi) ki maTi adgili maTive namouravalma aznaurebma korZaiebma daikaves. 1856 wels martvilis raionis sofel salxinoSi dawyebuli ajanyeba mTel samegrelos moedo. mis damarcxebis Semdeg ajanyebis meTaurebi daapatimres da ruseTis Soreul guberniaSi gadaasaxles, aseve dedofali da mis ojaxi oficialurad gaiwvies ruseTSi da samTavroSi rusuli mmarTveloba damyarda. XIX saukunis damdegs samegreloSi mxolod 75000 adamiani cxovrobda, amave saukunis Sua periodidan samegrelo quTaisis gubernias ekuTvnoda. 1867 wels formalurad (praqtikulad ki 1857 wels) samegrelos samTavro gauqmda. mis bazaze Seiqmna zugdidis, senakisa da leCxumis mazrebi, dRevandeli abaSis raioni senakis mazris SemadgenlobaSi moeqca. senakis mazra aerTianebda dRevandeli senakis, abaSis, martvilis raionebs, agreTve xobis raionis aRmosavleT nawils (rionispira soflebs) da qalaq foTs. daviT dadianis dros samegrelo rva mazrad iyo dayofili, aqedan Tanamedrove abaSis raionis teritoriaze ori mazris centri iyo: sujuna da saWilao. saWilaos mazraSi Sedioda Semdegi soflebi: saWilao (pirveli maisi), qviSanWala, ilori, nafaRauri, sanavardo, naCxitauri, qoreisubani, tolebi, ekali, gulekari, keTilari, nafarcxevi, tyviri, cilori, kodori, Suaqalaqi, kvaTana, walikari, seriaCqoni, saqoCaqio, wyariZga, muxuri, saRvamiCao, Waladidi, patara foTi, e.i. mdinare rionis xeobis soflebi foTamde. es patara mazrebi sam mazraSi iqna gaerTianebuli, am olqebs ki sapristaoebi ewodaT. amis Semdeg sujunis sapristavo, mere ki saboqaulo, senakis mazris aRmosavleT nawils (Tanamedrove abaSis raions) ewodeboda. XX saukunis dasawyisSi sujunis saboqaulo daba abaSad gadakeTda. saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis dros, 1918 wlis meore naxevarSi saqarTvelos parlamentis kanoniT Camoyalibda arCeviTi organoebi _ samazro da saTemo erobani, romlebic adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis organoebs warmoadgendnen. senakis mazram gasabWoebis Semdegac iarseba 1933 wlamde, rodesac axali administraciuli mowyobis Sedegad mazrebi gauqmda da saqarTveloSi soflebi raionebis SemadgenlobaSi gaerTiandnen. amis Sedegad senakis mazridan sami raioni _ senakis, abaSisa da martvilis raionebi warmoiSva, romlebic dRemde arseboben. 1963 _ 1966 wlebSi abaSis raioni maSindel gegeWkoris (dRevandel martvilis) raions SeuerTes da iq iyo raionuli centri, ris gamoc maSin gauwyinari da ukve yofili abaSis raionis sxva soflebi gegeWkoris raionis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen, Semdeg ki abaSa isev calke raionad gamohyves. abaSis raionSi (municipalitetSi, raions bolo xanebidan xSirad municipalitets uwodeben) amJamad 15 sofelia (sul ki 42 sofelia, erTi qlaqi TviT abaSaa) romlebTac TavianTi sakrebuloebi aqvT (ssrk _ Si yofnis dros sakrebulos sabWo erqva), maT Sorisaa sofeli pirveli maisic, romelic raionuli centris samxreTiT mdebareobs da misgan 9 _ 10 kilometriTaa daSorebuli. is zRvis donidan 13 metr simaRlezea. daaxloebiT 1939 wlamde pirvel maisSi sabWo ar iyo da is axlomdebare soflebianad marnis Tems ekuTvnoda. am soflis ganapirs mdinare cxeniswyali (is saTaves svaneTSi, lentexis raionSi Rebulobs) rions (misi saTave raWaSi, onis raionSia) uerTdeba, daaxloebiT 40 _ ian wlebamde es SesarTavi badri lorias saxlis win iyo. pirvel maiss winaT saWilao erqva, komunistebis Semosvlis Semdeg ki mas saxeli Seucvales da mSromelTa saerTaSoriso solidarobis dRis saxeli uwodes, rac dRemde ar SeucvliaT. pirveli maisis erT _ erT quCas kutaiweri hqvia, aseve mis da masSi Semavali soflebis zogierT sxva quCasa Tu farTobs Tavisi saxeli aqvs (magaliTad narmola, saTanuri, kurdRelia, udano, nafacxebi, naramo, orpiri, aseve gogiSvilebis, dunduebis, ZiZigurebis, grigoliebis quCa da sxva; garda amisa pirveli maisis bolo (grigoliebis) quCas zogjer qviSanWalas eZaxian, vinaidan is adre sofel qviSanWalas gziT uerTdeboda, romelic amJamad dazianebulia da TiTqmis ar moqmedebs). pirveli maisis sakrebulos TemSi 4 sofeli Sedis, esena: TviT pirveli maisi, Txmelari, gauwyinari da qviSanWala. sityvis `gauwyinari~ warmoSobis Sesaxeb aranairi werilobiTi wyaroebi ar mogvepoveba, isic ucnobia Tu rodidan hqvia Cvens sofels es saxeli; mxolod, rogorc zepirsityviereba amtkicebs, am sityvas safuZvlad udevs sityva `uwyinari~, vinaidan aq winaT urmebiT Rvino dahqondaT gasayidad, romelsac mosaxleoba yidulobda da xSiri iyo qeifi da molxena, e.i. iyo uwyinari mdgomareoba, rac Semdeg am soflis saxelwodebaSic aisaxa. sofel gauwyinaris teritoria, iseve rogorc mTlianad raionis, vake da dablobia; is mdebareobs zRvis donidan 20 metr simaRleze, abaSidan daSorebulia 13 kilometriT, masTan uaxloesi rkinigzis sadguri (baqani) maranSia (iqamde manZili 4 _ 5 kilometria). Cveni sofeli daaxloebiT mdebareobs CrdiloeT grZedis 42,25 gradusisa da aRmosavleT ganedis 42,12 gradusis gadakveTis koordinatze da mis maxloblad. sofeli Sedgeba dasaxlebuli da dausaxlebeli _ yanebis, saZovrebisa da mcire tyeebis mier dakavebuli teritoriebisagan. sofelSi 4 ZiriTadi saavtomobilo gzaa. erTi maTgani mTavari, centraluri quCaa, romelic 1,64 km. sigrZisaa, masze 43 mkvidri da 13 aramudmivad mcxovrebi ojaxia, romlebSic 168 (mudmivad mcxovrebi) adamiani cxovrobs. es quCa moasfaltebulia, mis Crdilo _ dasavleTiT ki gadis misi paraleluri meore, gaRma quCa, romelic aseve moasfaltebulia da yvelaze grZeli da dasaxlebuli gzaa Cvens sofelSi. misi sigrZe dasawyisidan mosaxleobis bolomde 2,29 km. _ ia. amis Semdeg es gza kidev grZeldeba 1,23 km. sigrZeze, mis dasaxlebul monakveTze 89 mkvidri da kidev 13 aramudmivi mosaxlea. es quCa dasawyisidan sul bolos, 3,52 km. _ is Semdeg yanebis, arxisa da miwayrilebis gayolebiT dasavleTiT Txmelarisa da tyvirisaken miemarTeba. meore quCa mTavar quCasTan SedarebiT odnav dabla mdebareobs. es ori quCa erTmaneTs or adgilas uerTdeba daRmarTiani mokle gzagamtarebiT: skolis win (is mTavar gzas dasawyisidan 1,3 kilometr manZilze gamoeyofa, romelic gaRma quCas 980 _ e metr monakveTze uerTdeba da TviTon 200 metri sigrZisaa) da sabavSvo baRis gverdiT, iq sadac mTavari quCa mTavrdeba (misi dawyebidan 1,64 kilometrze, xolo es gzagamtari, romlis sigrZe 250 metria, meore quCas 1,37 kilometr manZilze uerTdeba misi dasawyisidan) da orad iyofa. am adgilas cxovrobs 2 mudmivad mcxovrebi ojaxi 9 wevriT da 4 aramudmivad mcxovrebi ojaxi. maT garda gauwyinarSi kidev aris quCa, romelic centralur gzas soflis centrSi gamoeyofa da samxreT _ aRmosavleT mxares, mezobel sofel qviSanWalisken miemarTeba (is mTlianad rionispira patara sofelia), amitom mas qviSanWalis gza uwodes, Tumca misi ZiriTadi monakveTi gauwyinaris teritoriazea. is qviSanWalis sazRvramde 1,35 km sigrZisaa; masze 2 mudmivi mosaxlea 7 adamianiT. aRniSnuli quCa yofili soflteqnikis ezomde marcxena mxares asfaltiania, danarCeni adgilebi ki xreSiTaa dafaruli. am quCas dasawyisidan 55 metrSi, marjvena mxares gamoeyofa aseve xreSiani, skolis ukana quCa, romelsac msgavsad meore quCisa, mTavari quCis paraleluri mdebareoba aqvs da is samxreT _ dasavleTiT 1 kilometrze miemarTeba, romelic 17 mkvidr da 7 aramudmiv mosaxles iTvlis 63 adamianis raodenobiT. stadionis bolos, misi dasawyisidan 400 metrSi mas uerTdeba mTavari quCis dasasrulis marcxena ganStoeba, misi sigrZe 50 metria. centraluri da meore gzebis SemaerTebel monakveTs, 95 metroSi, sabavSvo baRis gverdiT, marcxniv gamoeyofa 562 m. sigrZis xreSiani gza _ wisqvilis quCa, romelzec 2 mudmivi da 6 aramudmivi mosaxlea 4 macxovrebliT. is boloTi uerTdeba mis marTobul gruntian gzas 274 _ e metr monakveTis manZilze, romelic Tavis mxriv iwyeba qviSanWalis gzis dasawyisidan gamoyofil skolis ukana, xreSiani quCis bolodan, gaivlis aRniSnul wisqvilis gzis dasasruls da uerTdeba meore quCas (misi Tavidan 2 kilometr manZilze), misi sigrZe daaxloebiT 420 metria. es CamoTvlili quCebi warmoadgenen gauwyinaris dasaxlebul adgilebs. mTavar da mis mopirdapire meore quCas Soris, masze mTavari gzis dasasrulis marjvena ganStoebis SeerTebamde mosaxleoba ZiriTadad or rigadaa dasaxlebuli, maT ezoebi erTmaneTis ukan aqvT, gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi ZiriTadad mosaxvevebSia. CvenTan daaxloebiT 210 _ mde ojaxia, 400 _ ze meti macxovrebliT. sofelSi aseve aris dausaxlebeli gzebi. zemoTnaxseneb gruntis gzaze mosaxlis WiSkari araa, is mxolod gverdiT Caudis ramodenime mosaxlis (eTer Turqias, zaal xaJomias da nikita xaJomias) ezos. aseve qviSanWalis gza ZiriTadad dausaxlebelia, masze mxolod ori mkvidri mosaxlea, xolo mis bolos, sadac didi arxi _ damba masze gadasasvleli bogiris qvemoT gavliT marTobulad hkveTs qviSanWalis gzas, am arxs iqeT (qviSanWalis mxares, marcxniv) xreSiani gza gasdevs, romelic pirveli maisis bolodan iwyeba arxTan erTad da am bogiris Semdeg (aq is odnav marjvniv uxvevs, misi dawyebidan aqamde manZili 1 kilometria, xolo mTeli am gzis sigrZe ki daaxloebiT 3,6 kilometria) marjvena gayolebaze mas kirkalis gza hqvia. es gza da arxi dangreul wyalsatumbamde da Semdeg ki mdinare rionamde Cadis da is mTlianad dausaxlebelia, mis orive mxares yanebi, qviSanWalis bogiridan erTi yanis Semdeg, marjvniv saZovaria, Semdeg ki aseve orive mxares yanebia. gauwyinaris mTeli teritoriis farTobi daaxloebiT 5 _ 6 kvadratuli kilometri, 500 _ 600 heqtaria. winaT soflis yvela gza xreSiani iyo, maTi nawili daaxloebiT 1970 wlis Semdeg asfaltiT dafares, bolos ki quCebSi asfalti gasuli saukunis 90 _ iani wlebis dasawyisSi daages, swored maSin moaasfaltes pirvelad qviSanWalis gza nawilobriv. pirveli maisis gzajvaredinis (`oTxborZali~ gzis) marjvena mxridan sofeli gauwyinari, misi mTavari, centraluri quCa iwyeba, magram aq da sxvaganac araviTari Sesabamisi warwera ar aris. aq pirveli mosaxle marjvena mxares aris kote qunTelia. es da sxva quCebi zogan sworia, zogan ki mixveul _ moxveuli. rezo surgulaZis ezos win, gzis marcxena mxares aris mravali wlis didi daxrili xe. am mxares mosaxleebis ukan pirveli maisis stadionia. mamuka surgulaZes ezoSi, wina RobesTan jixuri (`butka~) aqvs Cadgmuli, sadac adre sxvadasxva produqti iyideboda. moSorebiT, aseve marcxena mxares, vaJa goToSiasa da mayvala Turqias ezoebs Soris aris karebiani biliki, romliTac mosaxleoba daviT arevazovisa da vaso goToSias saxlis CaTvliT saqonels mierekeba (midenis) saZovarze (misi saZovris SeerTebis adgilas meore karia), romelic mosaxleobis ukanaa ganfenili vitali surgulaZis ukana ezos mimdebare teritoriebis CaTvliT; is aseve esazRvreba xboebis sabalaxos da yanebis nakveTebs. es saZovari pirveli maisisaa, Tumca masSi gauwyinaris mravali mosaxlec aZovebs Zroxebs da misi mniSvnelovani nawili gauwyinaris teritoriazea. am sabalaxos ukana nawili vaso goToSias ezos ukana adgilebis sisworemde adre gauwyinaris meRoreobis fermis ezos ekuTvnoda. am quCaze roman xabeiSvilisa da zurab goToSias ezoebs Soris, liana aSveTias saxlis win 1987 wels eqspluataciaSi Sevida axali kantora, didi da lamazi, maRal fundamentze mdgari orsarTuliani, SiferiT daxuruli eleqtroficirebuli Senoba, movlili da gamwvanebuli ezoTi, romlis wina mxares qvis Robe da 3 Casasvlel _ gadmosasvleli WiSkari dRemdea SenarCunebuli. aq manamde mosaxlis nakveTi iyo. am SenobaSive iyo soflis biblioTekac, romelsac Semdeg Txmelarisa da pirveli maisis biblioTekebis wignebic SeuerTes. misi gamge winaT iyo lali xijakaZe, 2003 wlidan dRemde ki misi (ukve skolaSi gadmotanili biblioTekis) gamge iamze vefxvaZea. kantoris Senobas ukana mxares hqonda farTo darbazi, klubi sceniT, skamebiTa da saTanado teqnikuri aRWurvilobiT. aq periodulad tardeboda kinofilmebi (kinomeqanikosi goCa janjRava iyo), koncertebi, krebebi da sxvadasxva saxis RonisZiebebi, risTvisac birJaze da sxvaganac winaswar ikvreboda afiSa. im kantoraSi, romelsac mowyobili hqonda qvanaxSirze momuSave centraluri gaTboba (misi saqvabe (`kaCigaria~) kantoris Senobis ukan iyo, mas ar umoqmedia), muSaobdnen imdroindeli kolmeurneobis xelmZRvaneloba, romlis bolo Tavmjdomare iyo malxaz Turqia, is pirveli da bolo arCeuli xelmZRvaneli iyo am Tanamdebobaze (sxvebs ki niSnavdnen). aseve aq muSaobdnen: boris Zvelaia (mTavari buRalteri), dali mumlaZe (buRalteri), nargiza Turqia (xelfasis buRalteri), lamzira ivaniaZe (buRalteris moadgile), badri avaliani (mTavari ekonomisti), nino dundua (ekonomisti), lamazo gabrava (aRmricxveli), iamze kuWuxiZe (molare), vaJa kopaleiSvili, karlo guguSvili (agronomebi), statistikosi, liana aSveTia (damlagebeli). kolmeurneobis daSlis Semdeg kantora gauqmda da masSi jer afxazeTidan ltolvili guram qarCavas ojaxi Seasaxles, maT Semdeg ki aq erTxans aseve ltolvili raJden giorxeliZe cxovrobda; maTi wasvlis Semdeg Senoba nel _ nela dazianda, bolos ki, daaxloebiT 2005 wels biblioTeka skolaSi gadaitanes, klubis darbazis skamebic skolis did oTaxSi daawyves, sadac manamde SromiTi swavlebis kabineti iyo, axlandeli saaqto darbazi, Senoba ki daSales da gayides. aseTive proeqtis yofili kantora da Robe aris abaSis raionis sofel norioSi, sadac amJamad ltolvili cxovrobs. vaso goToSiasa da arsen surgulaZis ezoebs Soris adre gza Cadioda, romelic mosaxleebis ukan arsebul imdroindel Zvel meRoreobis fermas uerTdeboda, romlis gamge levan gigineiSvili iyo (pirvel maiseli). es ferma manamde soflis gareT, cxilarisken iyo agebuli, Semdeg is aq aaSenes. aqve axlos iyo mefrinveleobis fermac, romelic bolos kolmeurneobis ezoSi ganaTavses. Semdeg meRoreobis ferma kvlav sxvagan gadaitanes, gza ki mosaxlem SeuerTa Tavis ezos. centraluri quCis dasawyisidan 1,2 km _ is manZilze sofel gauwyinaris centria. am adgilas mTavar quCas marcxniv gamoeyofa qviSanWalisken mimavali gza, romelic yvelaze swori grZeli samanqano gazaa Cvens sofelSi. is dasawyisSi moxveulia, risi mizezic misi gayvanis dros aq mdgari xuta Turqias saxli iyo, romelsac es gza aaciles. masze pirveli mosaxlea murTaz surgulaZe, meore da bolo mkvidri ojaxi ki gia quTaTelaZea. orTaves winaprebi aq SedarebiT gvian Camovida. es gza 1956 wels gaiyvanes (gaWres), rasac gedevan verulaSvili xelmZRvanelobda, ris Sedegadac cvlileba ganicada aqaur mosaxleTa ezoebma; manamde ki aq sacalfexo bilikebiT tye (TuTebis (bJolebis), Txmelebisa da sxva xeebi) da mindvrebi iyo. adre aseTi tyiTa da velebiT dafaruli teritoria sofelSi meti iyo, Semdeg ki isini TandaTan adamianebma aiTvies. gia quTaTelaZis win ki soflis saZovaria. is SemoRobilia (Semokavebulia) mavTulbadiT (`setkiT~), eklebiani mavTulebiTa (`kaliuCi sinebiT~) da cocxali RobiT, `sangrebiT~, romelic 42 heqtar mindorsa da tyes moicavs (aq da teqstis sxva adgilebSi dawerilia iseTi sityvebic, romlebic ar aris Tanamedrove qarTul enaSi miRebuli, zogierTi maTgani kuTxuri gamoTqmaa, zogi ki barbarizmi, magram vinaidan dRes isini Cvens sofelSi xSirad gamoiyeneba, amitom isini aqac ucvleladaa gadmocemuli, magram maTze garkveuli miniSnebebia, isini Casmulia brWyalebSi, aweriaT `e.w.~, an kidev `rogorc mas sofelSi uwodeben~ da sxva). aq 43 mosaxle boris Turqiasa da arsen surgulaZis ojaxebis CaTvliT da wisqvilis quCis mosaxleoba aZovebs daaxloebiT 120 _ 150 sul saqonels. am adgils 80 _ iani wlebis Sua periodamde kolmeurneoba xnavda da Tesavda, Zroxebs ki mosaxleoba maSindel goSaxis saZovarze mierekeboda. Semdeg ki es teritoria SemoRobes da sabalaxod gadaakeTes. mogvianebiT, 90 _ iani wlebis bolos mas Semoumates mis ukan arsebuli yanebis miwebi, ris Sedegadac am sabalaxos ukana sazRvarma did arxamde, e.i. qviSanWalis sazRvramde miaRwia. saZovris Robis toli monakveTebis movla _ patronoba mosaxleobam iTava. mas adre mwyemsebi hyavda, romlebic Robes aremontebdnen da yuradRebas aqcevdnen mas Sig Rorebi ar Casuliyo. isini yovelTviurad am sabalaxoTi mosargeble ojaxebisgan garkveul Tanxas Rebulobdnen; eseni iyvnen: meqi da baxva surgulaZeebi, mixeil (miSa) lolua, goCa da jambul janjRavebi, gia quTaTelaZe. Semdeg ki saZovars mosaxleoba uvlida monacvleobiT or _ ori ojaxi erT dRes, sxvebi momdevno dRes da a.S. saZovris sargeblobisaTvis mcire gadasaxadi dResac SeaqvT saxelmwifo xazinaSi. es saZovari agreTve moicavs qarsacav zols _ qarsafars, romelic WiSkris maxloblad iwyeba da mTel sabalaxos gasdevs qviSanWalis farTobebis dasawyisamde. is da soflis sxva tyeebis zolebi 1951 _ 1953 wlebSi darges. aq iyo evkaliptis (rac dRes araa SemorCenili) xeebic. am tyis dasawyisSi aris ori Tavisufali adgili, zoli, romelSic gia da Saqro quTaTelaZeebi siminds, xan kidev nesvs da sazamTros Tesaven. es tye ZiriTadad wiwvovani (naZvi, fiWvi da sxva) iyo, Semdeg is 90 _ iani wlebis bolos sxva tyeebTan erTad murad grigolias (pirvel maiseli) xelmZRvanelobiT moWres da gayides, aq ki axali xeebi amovida, umTavresad foTlovani: ZiriTadad Txmela, aseve Wadari, iSviaTad (`eger ager~) aris wiwvovani mcenare naZvic, garda amisa miwaze da xeebze moedo gauvali nar _ ekalic (e. w. gvinZReebi, burduebi, Jverebi, mwareebi, trifoliatebi, xviarebi, suroebi, inZgliebi, sadac ekalasa da mayvals krefen). aq da soflis sxva adgilebSic binadrobs gareuli cxovelebi: tura (romelTa kivilis xma Ram _ RamobiT xSirad ismis sofelSi), kverna, kurdReli, zRarbi, ku, erTxel Svelic gamoCnda; aseve mRrRnelebi (Tagvi, Txunela (fuRu)), qvewarmavlebi (gveli, zloki, xvliki), mwerebi (koRo, buzi, kalia, maxra, xoWo), Wiebi, lokokinebi, matlebi, amfibiebi (bayayi), frinvelebi: tyis qaTami, `RarRia, kokorina~, ixvi, indauri, yvavi, yorani, Zera, ofofi, mwyeri, SaSvi, guguli, beRura, Citebi da sxva. zogierT maTganze, romelic sakvebad vargisia, adamianebi nadiroben meZebari ZaRlebis TanmxlebiT, xolo maTi nawili zogjer mosaxleobaSic Semodis da maT azaralebs xolme. saZovris dasavleTiT aris roman cercvaZisa da abel koxreiZis kuTvnili TuTebis (bJolebis) plantacia, romelic SemoRobilia. mas winaT meabreSumeobisaTvis iyenebdnen, axla ki iq ramodenime ojaxi pirutyvs aZovebs da SeSas sargeblobs, sadac bevria Txmelas xeebi. msgavsi ufro patara plantaciebi agreTve zogierT mosaxlesac hqonda ukana ezoSi. adre saZovris win gia quTaTelaZis ezomde xeebi da ekal _ bardebi iyo, Semdeg ki isini gawmindes da fermas miakuTvnes. amJamad ki aq sam mosaxles dausaxlebeli samosaxlo SemoRobili nakveTebi aqvT. am qviSanWalis gzaze zogjer xreSs yrian da asworeben. maT iqeT xboebis saZovaria. isic adre fermis ezo iyo, daaxloebiT 1995 wlis Semdeg (rodesac meRoreobis ferma daiSala) ki Rorebis sabalaxo. mogvianebiT misi Robeebi (mavTulebisa da `sangrebis~) dazianda, romelTa kargad SekeTeba SeuZlebeli gaxda da is xboebis saZovrad gadaakeTes. Semdeg iq Txmelebic amovida, romelsac mosaxleoba Wris da sargeblobs, maT ukan pirveli maisis saZovris sazRvari gadis. RorebisTvis ki iqve gzaze moawyves ormo, romelzec liTonis gisosebi daafares, vinaidan am winaRobis iqeT, yanebisken maTi gadasvla SeuZlebeli iyos, transporti ki am gisosebze Seuferxeblad gadadis. es gisosebiani ormo gzis siganis naxevarzea, danarCen naxevarze ki karebi dahkides cxenis gadasasvlelad, amis Semdeg Rorebs quCaSi uSveben. gvian Semodgomaze, yanebis aRebis Semdeg karebs saerTod xsnian da inaxaven, pirutyvi ki Tavisuflad moZraobs am adgilas. aqve marjvniv nagavsayrelia (is sofelSi sxvaganacaa), iqeT ki sabalaxos nawilia, sadac farTo Waa amoTxrili, misi wyliT saqoneli wyurvils iklavs. msgavsi Wa sabalaxoSi kidev aris karebis maxloblad. am adgilebis iqeTa mxares adre jimasuls eZaxdnen. Tu gadmocemas davujerebT, es saxeli dakavSirebulia megrul sityva `jima~ _ sTan rac Zmas niSnavs, e.i. Zmiseuli anu jimasuli. soflis teritoriebs aseve sxva saxelebic erqvaT (magaliTad salaqaSo). xboebis saZovris gverdiT yofili meRoreobis fermaa. is 60 _ ian wlebSi zemoT naxseneb adgilas daSales da aq aaSenes berketis grZeli Senobebi (amis gamo am adgilebSi bgeris arekvlas, eqos hqonda adgili), romlebic SiferiT iyo daxuruli. ukana mxares ki TeTri agurisagan naSeni Ria samwyvdevi iyo. sul adre aq xis fermac iyo, romelic Semdeg daSales. am fermis ezoSi iyo wylis rezervuarebi, auzi, Wa, WaburRili, mowyobili iyo wyalgayvanilobac. ferma dens Rebulobda wina ezoSi mdgar transformatoridan, romelic SeerTebuli iyo ezoSi gadamaval maRali Zabvis xazebze. SenobaSi hqondaT safuraJe wisqvili (e.w. `drabilka~), romelic amJamad soflis wisqvilSia. aqve iyo mowyobili qatos dasayari da muSa _ mosamsaxureTa oTaxebic (hqondaT televizoric). Rorebi SenobebSi liTonis gisosebian galiebSi iyvnen damwyvdeulni, romlebsac drogamoSvebiT ezoSic (is axlac `setkiTaa Somokavebuli~, romelsac win adre didi WiSkari hqonda, amJamad ki xis kari aqvs) uSvebdnen da aZovebdnen. galiebs win hqondaT sapireebi sakvebisa da wylis misawodeblad. cxovelTa organuli narCenebi Senobebidan lentiseburi transportioriT (romelsac eleqtroZrava, motori (matori) amoZravebda) gareT gadioda da erT adgilas grovdeboda, is Semdeg yanebSi gahqondaT da mas organuli sasuqis saxiT niadagis gasanoyiereblad iyenebdnen. mosaxleobasTan axlos fermebisa da sawyobebis arseboba sofelSi mwerebisa (buzebi, koRoebi, rwyilebi) da mRrRnelebis (Tagvebis) gamravlebas iwvevda, aseve axlomdebare adgilebSi cudi suni vrceldeboda. aq erT dros 1000 _ ze met Rors zrdidnen, uvlidnen da abarebdnen saxelmwifos. fermaSi muSaobdnen veteqimi, zooteqnologi, muSebi. aq mravali sofleli iyo dasaqmebuli da Rebulobdnen xelfass, bolo dros eseni iyvnen: vera da sonia goToSiebi, venera, Jani (Janiko) da guli surgulaZeebi, nora da nanul Turqiebi, Sio komaxiZe da sxvebi. fermas saTanadod amaragebdnen qatoTi (romelic Sesabamisi avtomobilebiT `nasipad~, e.i. taris, tomrebis gareSe mohqondaT), sakvebiTa da saWiro wamlebiT. misi gamgeebi winaT iyvnen panteleimon ratiani, aleqsandre (buWa) surgulaZe, jemal Todua, SoTa SalamberiZe (gamge iyo 1975 wlidan 80 _ iani wlebis bolomde, qviSanWaleli), mcire xans rezo gigineiSvilic (pirvel maiseli) iyo am meRoreobis fermis xelmZRvanel Tanamdebobaze (iyvnen sxva gamgeebic), bolos ki jondo Todua, romlis Semdegac 90 _ ian wlebSi es ferma daiSala da is dRemde oleg ratians abaria. Rorebi gayides, Senobebis nawili da mowyobilobebi ki daangries da diataces. amJamad aq erTi didi carieli, saxuravgadaxdili Senoba, meore didi Senobis kedlebi, aguris Ria samwyvdevis ukana kedeli, mrgvali, miwis zemoT amoSenebuli auzi (masSi bolo xans adamianebi banaobdnen) da miwaSi Wa da auzia SemorCenili. ezos ki, romlis didi rkinis WiSkaric waiRes da mis nacvlad sarebi daarWves, metwilad nar _ ekali da Txmelebi moedo (moeria); am adgilas axla zogierTi mosaxle (umTavresad momvleli oleg ratiani) drogamoSvebiT pirutyvis saZovrad iyenebs, aqvea Txilis nargavebi da sxva xeebi. am fermis win adre gauwyinaris stadioni iyo, mas SoTa qiSmareiSvili uvlida. iq imarTeboda varjiSebi, fexburTis matCebi Siga sasoflo da mezobel soflebs Soris, rasac didi interesiT uyurebda mosaxleoba. Semdeg es stadioni 80 _ ian wlebSi sxvagan gadaitanes, es adgili ki mas Semdeg dRemde romani surgulaZis yanaa. am yanis win aris gauqmebuli sasoflo sameurneo teqnikis (soflteqnikis) ezo. masSi Sedis berket _ aguris ori daumTavrebeli mcire zomis Senoba darajisTvis da sxva miznebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli, romlebic dResac dgas wina mxares, aseve auzi da sxva nagebobebi. aq yridnen sasuqs da Semdeg gahqondaT is sayane farTobebSi. am soflteqnikis ezos srulad mowyoba da funqcionireba ver moeswro, amJamad es adgili TiTqmis mTlianad ekal _ bardebiTaa dafaruli da mas besarion Turqia pirutyvis saZovad da SeSis mosaWrelad iyenebs. am adgilis Semdeg, iqeTa gayolebaze, gzis orive mxares did arxamde mosaxleobis samosaxlo, sakarmidamo anu rogorc mas sofelSi uwodeben saezoe dausaxlebeli nakveTebia (maT Soris zogierTis patroni sxva soflebidanacaa), romlebic 90 _ iani wlebis Sua xanebSi mosaxleobas usasyidlod gadmoecaT miwebis privatizaciis Sedegad, axla zogierTi maTgani TxmelebiT daifara (`tyed wavida~), zogan Txilebia gaSenebuli, nawili Tavisufalia, zogic kidev patronebma SemoRobes, mravali maTgani dRes yanebia. es adgilebic adre mTlianad koleqtivis yanebi iyo. miwebis azomvas gia xaJomia awarmoebs. qviSanWalis gzis qvemoT (marTobuli mimarTulebiT) da mimdebare yanebSi, valeri surgulaZisa da gia quTaTelaZis samosaxlo nakveTebs Soris da mis gaswvriv, qviSanWala _ gauwyinaris sazRvris bogiramde 300 metris daSorebiT, miwaSi gayvanilia msxvili, 500 mm diametris mqone magistraluri gazsadenis izolirebuli mili (`truba~), romelic Caawyves Rrmad amoTxril miwaSi, zemodan betonis filebi daades da miwa daayares. es gazsadeni Sesabamisi teqnikis saSualebiT gaiyvanes 1982 wels. is samtrediis raionidan mdinare cxeniswylis zemoT, betonis sayrdenebis saSualebiT pirvel maisSi gadmodis, Semdeg miwaSi damarxul mdgomareobaSi Semodis gauwyinarSi, gaivlis yanebs, am adgils, qarsafars, kvlav nakveTebs da gadadis mezobel soflebSi da iqeT agrZelebs gzas. am gazsadeniT miewodeba bunebrivi gazi abaSas, sxva raionebs, soflebsa da qalaqebs. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, qviSanWalis gzas bolo nawilSi, marTobulad hkveTs didi arxi _ damba, romelic adre patimrebs amoaTxrevines, mogvianebiT ki eqskavatoriT gaadides da daaRrmaves. es arxi udidesia Cvens sofelSi da masze ramodenime gadasasvleli bogiria mowyobili. mas iqeT, qviSanWalis mxares miuyveba xreSiani gza, romelic am arxTan erTad pirveli maisis bolodan iwyeba. iq axlos aris masze gadasasvleli bogiri, moemarTeba aqeT, hkveTs qviSanWalis gzas aseve bogiris qvemoT gavliT (am adgilidan cota moSorebiT Cans qviSanWalis axlad aSenebuli wminda giorgis eklesia), Semdeg ki masze gadebul kidev erT gadasasvlel bogirs, romelsac kirkalis bogiri ewodeba, Semdeg es arxi da gza uerTdeba melioraciis mier agebul yofil wyalsatumb sadgurs (yofil patara `butkas~, wyalsaqaCs), is axla mTlianadaa dangreuli, romelic qviSanWalis bogiridan 2,5 kilometriTaa daSorebuli. aqedan Zalian iSviaTad wyals gvalvis dros tumboebisa da msxvili, 60 santimetriani milebis, `trubebis~ saSualebiT rionidan dambaSi uSvebdnen da sasoflo _ sameurneo nakveTebs rwyavdnen; bolos es arxi rions uerTdeba, gzac iqeT grZeldeba. es obieqti bolos daangries, milebi da mowyobilobebi daWres da waiRes, betonebCadgmuli auzi ki dRemdea SemorCenili. pirveli maisidan moyolebuli kirkalis bogiramde, arxis da gzis es monakveTi gauwyinar _ qviSanWalis sazRvaria. bogiris Semdeg ki arxisa da gzis gadaRmac rionamde gauwyinaris yanebia ganfenili, maT rionis maxlobel Cadablebas Wala ewodeba, aseve am midamoebSi yanebis mcire monakveTs kapetebs eZaxian. iq, sadac mTavar gzas qviSanWalisken mimavali gza gamoeyofa, misi dasawyisidan 1,1 kilometr monakveTze, soflis centrSi mosaxleobis mier aSenebulia berketis mcire zomis winidan nawilobriv Ria Senoba _ birJa, romelic winidan galesilia, is TunuqiT, liTonis talRovani furclebiTaa gadaxuruli da wina mxares Semowyobili aqvs betonis filebi (e.w. `bordiurebi~); aqvea magida da dasajdomi adgili. aq soflis macxovreblebi Tavisufal dros xSirad ikribebian, saubroben politikaze, warsulsa da awymoze, soflis saWirboroto sakiTxebze, isveneben, TamaSoben ZiriTadad banqos (karts, umetesad `furTs~ (TerTmetobanas), axalgazrdebi ki aseve `jokersac~, iSviaTad dominosac) da erTobian. aqvea avtobusis gaCerebac (`astanovka~). birJis Senobis erT mxares 1994 wels mosaxleobis mier darguli Wadaria, meore mxares ki iago Turqias mier 2000 wels darguli muxa. am Wadris ZirTan axlos betonis zodi devs, romelzec xalxi jdeba. mis ukan ki gauwyinaris yofili leninis saxelobis kolmeurneobis kantora da ezoa. is 40 _ ian wlebamde cnobili revolucioneris, mixa cxakaias saxelobis iyo. am ezoSi adre xis kantora idga, Semdeg is daSales da iqve axlos 1973 wels qvis (gareTa mxare tufis gaTlili qvebis, SigniTa kedlebi ki agurisaa) kantora aaSenes, romelic 1 metris simaRlis fundamentze idga da Siferis gadaxurva hqonda. iq iyo mowyobili oTaxebi, kabinetebi, sadac muSaobda molare, buRalteri, statistikosi, damlagebeli liana aSveTia (manamde ki venera TedoraZe, luba janjRava) daraji (yarauli) guram SaTiriSvili da SoTa fircxalava. aq momuSaveTa nawili igive iyo vinc axal kantoraSi muSaobda. sxvadasxva dros kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomareebi iyvnen galaqtion arvelaZe, kapiton gogiSvili, galaqtion Todua, iulia dundua, kolia CargeiSvili, daviT melia, karlo grigolia, konstantine qunTelia, WiWiko dundua, Salva vasaZe, sergo ratiani (Tavmjdomared muSaobda 1954 _ 1970 wlebSi), robert ratiani (1970 _ 1982ww.), Teimuraz dundua (1982 _ 1985ww.), isev robert ratiani (1985 _ 1990ww.), vaJa kopaleiSvili (1990 _ 1991ww.) (iyvnen sxva Tavmjdomareebic). bolo Tavmjdomare aqac iyo igive malxaz Turqia (1991 _ dan kolmeurneobis daSlamde, 1994 wlamde). axal kantoraSi gadatanamde aq iyo ganTavsebuli soflis biblioTekac, romlis gamge Jenia frangiSvili iyo. kantoras ukana mxares hqonda patara darbazi, erT oTaxSi ki satelefono sadguri (ats) moawyves, romelic soflis maSindel satelefono qsels emsaxureboda. mogvianebiT kantora zemoT naxseneb axal SenobaSi ganaTavses, es Senoba ki nawilobriv mainc moqmedebda. mis gverdiT 1993 wlis 23 oqtombers, samoqalaqo omis dros, RamiT aqac Camovarda Wurvi, ris Sedegadac Senoba dazianda. es Senoba kolmeurneobis daSlasTan erTad nel _ nela ganadgurda da dRes mxolod misi kedlebi da wina mxares darguli TuTis xeebia SemorCenili. am kantoris ezoSi iyo Zveli xis sawyobi, romelic daingra. adre aq iyo gadmotanili zemoT naxsenebi qaTmebis fermac. aseve ezos wina mxares, skolis Robis gverdiT agebuli iyo berketis meore sawyobi, sadac `nasipad~ Rebulobdnen qatos da sxva produqtebs. Semdeg ukana mxares aages didi rkinis sawyobi, romelic garedan dafaruli iyo furclovani SiferiT. iq inaxavdnen koleqtivis yanebSi moweul didi raodenobiT siminds, xaxvs, Warxals (boloks) da sxva Wirnaxuls. hqondaT simindis eleqtrosafSvneli (dasaTes siminds ki xeliT fSvnidnen, raTa marcvlebi safSvnelis kbilanebs ar daezianebinaT) da sxva mowyobilobebi. bolos es sawyobic daSales da gayides. maT garda kolmeurneobas kidev ekuTvnoda soflis meRoreobisa da mesaqonleobis fermebi, soflteqnikis ezo da mTeli saxnav _ saTesi miwebi. ufro adre, am adgilis wina mxares iyo patara xis saparikmaxero, sadac parikmaxerad aqvsent grigolia muSaobda. mogvianebiT is dRevandel avtobusis gaCerebasTan gadmoitanes da iq parikmaxeri jer vaxtang (vaxto) Turqias mama, konstantine (kolia) Turqia iyo, Semdeg ki zestafoneli andro. 90 _ ian wlebSi aqve axlos, qviSanWalis gzis mxares zaza Turqiasa da vaxtang goToSias kuTvnili, betonis filebze mdgar patara vagonSi ganTavsebuli kooperativi, komerciuli maRazia iyo, sadac gamyidvelad sxvadasxva dros nana janjRava, nana surgulaZe da Sorena aSveTia muSaobdnen. kantoris ezo sul adre eklebiT iyo SemoRobili, Semdeg ki Robe gaaumjobeses. momdevno wlebSi ki is winidan liTonis talRovani furclebiT SemoRobes, romelsac maRaziasTan patara Casasvleli kari hqonda, danarCeni gverdi da ukana mxare ki 8 milimetri diametrisa da 7 santimetris ujrebis mqone mavTulbadiT iyo SemoRobili, romelic Tavis mxriv 1,3 metri simaRlisa da 2,5 metri siganis `ugolnikebiT~ Sekrul marTkuTxa CarCoebSi iyo Casmuli, romlebsac zemoT figurebi hqondaT. adre am ezos didi WiSkaric hqonda oTar janjRavas saxlis win. aq sasoflo _ sameurneo teqnikis simravle iyo: sxvadasxva markisa da tipis kombainebi, traqtorebi (`belarusi~, `mtz~, k _ 701, `dt~, `t _ 150~, muxluxebiani (`cefebiani~) da sxva) da satvirTo avtomobilebi, `belarusis~ cicxviani (`komSiani~) eqskavatori (es eqskavatori dResac hyavs roman surgulaZes, romliTac mravali gauwyinareli da sxva sofleli sargeblobs arxis amosaRebad, cementis misive `baiokSi~ mosazelad da `ploSadis~ dasasxmelad, mosavlis `lafetiT~ wamosaRebad, simZimis asawevad da gadasatanad Tu sxva saqmeebisaTvis), sawamlavi manqanebi, guTnebi, saTesebi, kultivatorebi, farcxebi, diskebi, saTadarigo nawilebi, asawevi meqanizmi (e.w. `tali~), didi, satvirTo manqanebis saswori, sawvavis avzebi, aseve mudmivi Sroma da garja am (da aseve sxva) adgilebis ganuyofeli simboloebi iyo. kantoris gverdiT didi xe idga, mis qvemoT ki `skameikebi da stoli~ dadges. adre axlandel birJasTanac iyo maRali xe, romelic mere moWres da misgan farcxi gaakeTes. aq, imdroindel kolmeurneobaSi mezobeli soflebidanac muSaobdnen meqanizatorebi, mZRolebi, gamremonteblebi, agronomi, muSebi. bolo dros meqanizatorebi (traqtoristebi) iyvnen: adgilobrivebi _ vitali rurua, Saqro quTaTelaZe, romani surgulaZe, satvirTo avtomanqanis (`kamazis~) mZRoli robert (demuri) janjRava, avtobusis mZRoli gulTaS ratiani da sxvebi; sxva soflebidan da abaSidan meqanizatorebi iyvnen: gia (gialo) gegeSiZe, zaur zaqraZe, mogel mindaZe, rezo migineiSvili, noSrevan, emzar (gulwiTela) da nodar gabelaiebi, mamuka TedoraZe, gamremontebeli nukri lasareiSvili, sawyobis gamge jondo Todua (adre gamgeebi iyvnen akaki Tofuria, buWa surgulaZe, Jora SalvaZe) da sxvebi, ufro adre ki aq sxva mravali adamiani muSaobda. koleqtivSi muSebi gaerTianebuli iyvnen ramodenime brigadaSi, romlebsac brigadirebi xelmZRvanelobdnen, kerZod: jemal Todua, ivane arvelaZe, mamia janaSia, murman SaTiriSvili, bondo loria. yanebSi dadiodnen meveleebi (magaliTad sergo xaJomia, SoTa koxreiZe, kowia grigolia), romlebic mas pirutyvisagan mwyemsavdnen. koleqtivSi da sxvaganac warmatebul muSebs aZlevdnen fulad premiebs, sigelebs, medlebs, zogjer maT gazeTebSic werdnen, iSviaTad televiziiTac gamoaqveynes. maSin komunisturi partiis wevroba TiTqmis savaldebulo iyo. imdroindel kolmeurneobis farTobebSi mravali saxis mosavali mohyavdaT: umetesad simindi, aseve Wvavi, Svria, xaxvi, Warxali (boloki), kitri, pomidori, lobio, rehani, gerani, bazeliki; ufro adre ki bamba da rami, romelTac kolmeurneebi uvlidnen da maT SromadRes, xelfass uwerdnen. Sromis meti wili meqanizebuli iyo, ramodenimejer yanebSi sasuqi Sesaferisi TviTmfrinavebiTac ki moayares, romlebic abaSis asafreni zolidan mofrinavdnen. farTod gamoiyeneboda azotiani, fosforiani da kaliumiani sasuqebi, herbicidebi, Sxam _ qimikatebi da mcenareTa dacvisa da movlis sxva saSualebebi. nakveTebSi da kolmeurneobis kantoris ezoSi drogamoSvebiT skolis moswavleebic dahyavdaT samuSaod. soflelebs yanebi gapirovnebuli hqondaT, romelTac koleqtivi xnavda, farcxavda, diskavda, Tesavda, akultivaciebda, sasuqs ayrida, patronebi ki Toxnida da mosavals iRebda. siminds yanebSi texavdnen da ramodenime dRiT konebisagan mowyobil did kaloebSi inaxavdnen, Calas ki iqve zvinavdnen. rodesac traqtori moiclida da mas Tavmjdomare nebas darTavda, masze mibmul `lafets~ datvirTavdnen da mosavali sawyobis ezoSi mihqondaT. koleqtivSi momuSaveT dawesebuli hqondaT gegma, e. w. minimumi, romliTac gaTvaliswinebuli raodenobis mosavals Tu ver moiyvandnen, maSin mTel mosavals (simindi, Cala) koleqtivSi Caabarebdnen, xolo Tu am gegmas gadaaWarbebdnen, am SemTxvevaSi namatis 30% _ s Sin gaatandnen, danarCens kolmeurneobaSi daatovebinebdnen. 80 _ iani wlebidan ki es wesi abaSis maSindelma raikomis mdivanma, guram mgelaZem Secvala da kolmeurneebs moweuli mosavlis naxevars aZlevdnen, mxolod maT garkveuli raodenobis yveli Tu xorci unda mieyida saxelmwifosaTvis, es wesi aseve sxva drosac ramdenadme Secvlila; yovelive aRniSnuli mosaxleobaSi garkveul ukmayofilebas iwvevda. 70 _ ian wlebSi eduard SevardnaZis iniciativiT abaSasa da foTSi ganxorcielda e. w. abaSisa da foTis eqsperimentebi, romlis drosac mosaxleobas kerZo sakuTrebaSi misces miwebi da cxovelebi, rasac garkveuli mniSvneloba hqonda maSindel periodSi. sawyobis Senobebsa da ezoSi dayrili mosavlis nawili (simindi, xaxvi) fuWdeboda da usiamovno suni da orTqli asdioda. erTxel samuSaos Sesrulebis dros avtoamwe (`amwekrani~) gadabrunda da misi mZRoli imsxverpla, aseve iyo sxvaTa daSavebisa da Sxam _ qimikatebiT mowamvlis SemTxvevebic. bolo xanebSi ezos wina WiSkari gaauqmes, samagierod ukan didi sagoravi WiSkari daayenes, saidanac teqnika moZraobda. mis gverdiT ki patara,DdarajisTvis gankuTvnili blokis Senoba iyo, romelSic aseve eleqtroSeduRebis (`svarkis~) aparati inaxeboda. mis ukan ki arteziuli Wa funqcionirebda. aq winaT, 80 _ ian wlebamde sawyobisa da maRaziis kedlebze gakrul ekranze RamiT, Ria cis qveS kinofilmebs atarebdnen, romelsac soflis mosaxleoba interesiT Sescqeroda. maSin kinomeqanikosebi iyvnen ivliane kaWarava, Semdeg tite (titiko) CxaiZe (oriveni abaSidan iyvnen), aseve leri anakiZe (marneli). imdroindeli filmebi Zalian grZel, gamWvirvale daxveul lentebze iyo Cawerili erTmaneTisagan mcired gansxvavebuli naxatebiani kadrebis saxiT, es xveuli saTanado kinoaparatSi brunavda da mZlavri naTuriT misi moZravi gamosaxuleba linzebis gavliT ekranze efineboda, am dros xmac ismoda. denis Semosvlamde kinoebs eleqtrogeneratoriT uCvenebdnen. bolos ki filmebi ukve axali kantoris darbazSi tardeboda. 1991 wels, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebisa da ssrk _ is daSlis Semdeg wlebSi, qveyanaSi Seqmnilma socialur _ ekonomikurma krizisma, omebma da saerTod maSindelma mdgomareobam rogorc mTeli qveynis masStabiT, aseve Cvens sofelSic daangria da gaapartaxa kolmeurneoba (1994 wels), teqnikis nawili Seisyides, nawili ki daimsxvra da miiTvises. sawyobebi daangries, wina mxares mdgari berketis sawyobi marina Toduam Seisyida da daSala da waiRo. bolos Seiqmna agrofirma, romelic formalurad amxanagobis saxeliT dResac arsebobs, mas sofelSi nakveTebic aqvs, misi xelmZRvanelia karlo guguSvili (abaSidan). ezos irgvliv Semovlebuli mavTulbade axsnes da dainawiles, xolo wina liTonis RobiT sasaflaos wina mxaris nawili SemoRobes. aq bolo dromde SemorCenili iyo xeliT sabrunebeli asawevi meqanizmi, e.w. `tali~, WaburRilis miwaSi Casobili mili, aseve maRaziisa da sawyobebis nangrevebi (isini mcire xnis win gawmindes, rasac Semdeg gavecnobiT). am teritoriaze saukuneTa mijnaze soflis axalgazrdebma darges wiwvovani da foTlovani mcenareebis nergebi, magram isini pirutyvma daaziana da dRes aq mxolod tirifebi, Wadrebi da alvis xea gaxarebuli, eklebiani xe (grekali) da Wadari ki axlaxans moWres, aseve aq ama wlis bolos, dekemberSi, skolisaken sam mwkrivad darges nosiridan motanili feixoias nergebi, Robis gayolebaze ki wiwvovanebi. gadaRma, gzis kideebSi ki Caqvidan Camotanili evkaliptis nergebi, romlebsac garSemo eklebi Semoavles pirutyvisagan dacvis mizniT (maT qvemoT ganvixilavT). dRevandeli sasaflaos wina mxares, skolisaken xis maRazia iyo, am dros gzac ramdenadme gansxvavebulad mdebareobda, Semdeg is dRevandeli skolis ezos teritoriaze, wina adgilas, koleqtivis ezos mxares aaSenes, sadac gamyidvelad nina fircxalava (murman fircxalavas mamida, vova SublaZis aRmzrdeli) muSaobda. daaxloebiT 50 _ ian wlebidan is kantoris ezoSi gadaitanes, isic xis Senoba iyo da iq gamyidvelad grigol kalandaZe (Tengiz kalandaZis mama) muSaobda, Semdeg Temur surgulaZis deda _ Tina gogiSvili (iyo sxva gamyidvelebic, magaliTad lola goToSia). mogvianebiT aq leila grigoliam daiwyo muSaoba. maRazia mcire xans oTar janjRavas Zvel, boknebian saxlSic iyo ganTavsebuli. 1968 wels ki mTavari gzis piras kapitaluri maRazia aages, romelsac ukan sawyobi oTaxi hqonda. iqac leila grigolia muSaobda gamyidvelad. maRaziaSi yoveldRiurad modioda axali, xarisxiani `buxanka~ puri (seri, TeTri, `tricatka~), aqve SeiZleboda mravali saxis sursaTis, safeiqro nawarmis, teqnikisa da nivTebis SeZenac. kantoris gverdiT Camovardnilma bombma maRaziac daaziana. leila grigolias Semdeg noqari misi qmari guli janaSia iyo, Semdeg ki jondo da meri Toduebi; 90 _ iani wlebis bolos, roca qveyanaSi areuloba daiwyo, Cvens maRaziaSic sursaT _ sanovage dacarielda da daixura, bolos is daSales da gayides. komunistebis mmarTvelobis miwuruls, maSindeli maRaziis win moewyo SimSilobis aqciis imitacia ZiriTadad sofelSi asfaltis dagebis moTxovniT, rac nawilobriv dakmayofilda kidec. yofili maRaziis adgilas amJamad liTonis jvaria (wminda ninos jvari). is mosaxleobis SemowirulobebiTa da TanadgomiT aRimarTa 2006 wlis 21 aprils, wiTel paraskevs, romelic akurTxa mama egnatem 2007 wlis 18 noembers. is damzadebulia 90 mm. diametrisa da 6 metri simaRlis liTonis milisgan, romlis vertikalurad mdgari monakveTi badri Turqiasagan SeviZineT, xolo gverdebi ki gia grigoliam (pirvel maiselma) gvaCuqa (romlebic samtrediaSi tariel surgulaZem migvatanina cxeniTa da orTvaliT, `kaWkiT~) pirveli maisis wminda giorgis saxelobis mSenebare eklesiis gaTlil qvebTan erTad, romlebiTac jvris fundamentia agebuli. es jvari, romelic figurebiTa da sami patara jvariTaa Semkobili, valeri surgulaZem daamzada samtrediaSi, Teimuraz (Tamaz) axobaZis saamqroSi (`cexSi~), sadac is muSaobda. jvari aq roman surgulaZis motociklis TviTnakeTi misabmeliT (`pricepiT~) moabrZanes, romelic imedo Turqias avtomanqanaze iyo mibmuli da im dResve aRmarTes, winaswar gamzadebul 1 metri simaRlis fundamentSi (is Teimuraz, nikandro WiqaSuam aago sxvaTa daxmarebiT) Casves da Caabetones. Semdeg dReebSi ki is oqrosfer _ yviTlad SeRebes, agurebis fena (mis irgvliv garedan naeklesiari qvebis namsxvrevebia Semowyobili) da Casasvleli qvis biliki daages gauwyinaris yofili eklesiis da sxva qvebiT, aseve mavTulbadiT SemoRobes, romelic figurebiTaa Semkobili, xolo mis 9 cal samagr armaturis Tavebze aseve figurebia damagrebuli (es agurebisa da qvebis fena bilikianad da aseve SemoRobva Semdeg moSales am adgilas Robis gatarebis gamo, rasac qvemoT gavecnobiT). aqve aris jvargamosaxuli da figurebamokveTili (anTebuli sanTelis da vazis mtevnis gamosaxulebiani) qva asomTavruli warweriT: `ufalo Segviwyalen~. aq miwaSi, fundamentSi (mas ukan TariRi aweria, zemoT ki sanTlebis asanTebi adgili aqvs) da jvarSi moTavsebulia Semdegi siwmindeebi: wminda samebis, metexis, sionis, sveticxovelis, samTavros, bagratis, gelaTis, pirveli maisis (yofili saWilaos) mSenebare da gauwyinaris yofili eklesia _ monastrebis qva, miwa da wyali. agreTve mama gabrielis saflavis miwa da iqve madlgardmosuli saswaulmoqmedi sakurnebeli wminda zeTi, macxovris saflavidan (ierusalimidan) yvavili, zeTi da sakmeveli; amave uflis saflavze saswaulebrivad gardmosul cecxlze Tavmomwvari, wminda mama gerasimes lavraSi Camoqnili wminda sanTeli (isini Tbilisidan, mcxeTidan da sxva adgilebidan moitanes), aseve oqro da vercxli. komunistebis epoqaSi cxadia jvrebis aRmarTvaze fiqric ki ar SeiZleboda. zemoT xsenebuli biblioTeka Zvel kantoramde luba janjRavas saxlSi iyo ganTavsebuli, biblioTekarad iqac Jenia frangiSvili muSaobda. nikoloz gogiSvils wina RobesTan jixuri aqvs Cadgmuli, sadac is adre sxvadasxva nawarms yidda. masve saxlSi cota xans hqonda patara wisqvilic. kan


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url: =1. Kirmānī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, 1317 or 1318-1384 or 1385. Sharḥ al-Kirmānī ʻalá Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī: al-musammá al-Kawākib al-darārī fī sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Editor. 12 vols.. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2010.