url: =INDIA KIPHELKHAP MA HUNA SUKTE UKPITE TANGTHU (1730 – 1948) Agelh ~ H. Pau Za Cin, MES - Laibu Saal\nHome > Thuluui/Articles > INDIA KIPHELKHAP MA HUNA SUKTE UKPITE TANGTHU (1730 – 1948) Agelh ~ H. Pau Za Cin, MES\nINDIA KIPHELKHAP MA HUNA SUKTE UKPITE TANGTHU (1730 – 1948) Agelh ~ H. Pau Za Cin, MES\nINDIA KIPHELKHAP MA HUNA SUKTE UKPITE TANGTHU (1730 – 1948)\nAgelh ~ H. Pau Za Cin, MES\nZomite i Galvan, Galhiam.\nPhoto Credit : The Chin Hills. by Bertram S. Carey & H. N. Tuck 1896\nA sunga om thute i thulu’te :\nKAIH MANG, SUKTE UKPI MASA PENPEN (1730-1800)\nKHAN THUAM, SUKTE UKPI THUPIPEN (1800-1840)\nKhan Thuam’ Neulai Thu:\nTagah Khan Thuam Kisimmawh:\nKhan Thuam’ Thah a Kisawmna:\nKhan Thuam neulai-a a mang matte:\nKhan Thuam galtaina:\nZahau gama Rallang khua beel:\nRALLANG KHUA A KAM HAU NEULAI\nTEDIM KHUA LE TEDIM LAMLIANPI\nKAM HAU IN TEDIM AH UKPI SEM, SUKTE UKPI PICING PEN\nTEDIM PAU LEH LAI HONG PIANGKHIA\nTEDIM KHUASUNG VAIHAWMNA\nSUKTE LE MEITEITE KIDONA (1835-1857)\nTEDIM KISIM NA\nTEDIM AH KIALPI TUNG:\n1857 MEITEI GAL NAN’NA\nUkpi Kam Hau hunsunga a ciamtehhuai thute:\nKAMHAU TAPA TUMPEN KHAW CIN UKNA\nGAL LE SA DONA LE NAN’NA:\nSUKTE- MEITEITE KIDONA((1871 – 1874)\nSUKTE LE LUSHEITE KIDONA(1871 – 1872)\nSukte in Tonsim(Champhai) simin zo:\nMEITE TE’N TEDIM SIMKIK(1878)\nSUKTE - MEITEI ZANGDUNG AH KILEMNA\nKAM HAU TUPA HAU CIN KHUP, KSM; TDM; ATM; VD, SUKTE UKPI MINTHANG PEN(uk 1891-1926)\nPAU CIN HAU’ BIAKNA LE LAIMAL PIANKHIATNA\nTanglai te kidemna DOKHEN:\nChin Labour Corps:\nHAU CIN KHUP TAPA PUM ZA MANG, KSM IN UKPI SEM\nTONGLAWN(P) HAUSA PUMZAKHAM IN TONZANG INNPITE LA A PHUAH PAWLKHAT\nChin Hills saklam(Nothern Chin Hills) gam leitangah Kam Hau gam le Sukte gam ci-in Sukte ukna pen kum 1730 – 1948 dong a om hi. Nidangin Khamtunggama (Chin Hills sung) Zo mite sungah ukna gamkhen tuamtuam na om a, Haka Gam, Falam Gam, Sukte Gam, Kamhau Gam, Sihzang Gam cih bangin beh leh phung leh minam zuiin ukna tuam ciat na nei uh hi. Tanglai-in khuasung khat peuh ah a thahat, a hangsan le pil a thuah mi khat peuhpeuh hausa a suak pahpah hi. Tua hausapa in khuaveng khuapamte do-in a zawh peupeuh khuate ama gam suakin siahtung siahphei a kai hi. Tua a zawh khuate tungah ukna le aana nei ahih mah bangin tua hausapa pen Ukpi a suak ziau hi. Sukte mite pen Manipur le Mizoram leitangah kum 1877 kum a kipanin a tengta uh hi. Khaw Cin uk hunsungin gal kidona bekbek ahih manin Chin Hills panin gal muan zawk na mun deihin Manipur leitangah Sukte mite 1877 kum a kipanin pemkhiat kipan uh a, Manipur Maharajah in Moirang kiim le kiangah mun pia-in Lungthul tangah zong Pau Hau Sukte kiangah tenna ding gam a pia hi.\nIndia kumpi in 1956 kumin Sukte pen India nisuahna gam Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, le Meghalaya state te ah Tribe khatin a ciamteh hi.\nSukte hausa le Ukna pen Mualbem khua panin kipan masa pen hi. Cin Thang in hausa sem masa penpen a, tua khit ciangin Kaih Mang in a zom hi. Tedim Sub.Division sungah Sukte ukna sawt pen, thupi pen le a tawpna pen zong ahi hi. Sukte ukna in Tedim Sub.Division sung khempeuh khua tawm khatte cih loh buang Kawlgam in Suahtakna a ngah kum 1948 dong Sukte in a uk uh hi. Tedim gam sungah 1730 masiah a hun hunin Suante Mang, Thawmte Mang leh Guite Mang na khang a, Tedim gam sungah siah tuamtuam – mim siah, taang siah, tuuk tha, khaal tha, tuuk an, khaal an, inn zangsial lamsa, inn saliang, gam saliang, tuikuang tui siah, cih bangin na kai uh hi. Tua khit ciangin Mualbem khua Sukte hausa a sem Kaih Mang hong hatin khua khat pan khua khat na sim kawikawi a, a zawhna khuate-ah siah kai-in uk pahpah ahih manin Sukte Mang hong suak hi. Tua ahih manin Sukte beh hausa lak panin Mualbem hausa Kaih Mang in Dakdung, Dimpi, Dimlo, Saizang khuate pan siah tuamtuam na kai masa ahih manin Sukte Ukpi masapenin kiciamteh hi. A ma’ khit ciangin Khan Thuam Sukte in a mimuan le a zat phat mahmah Hauh Tuang’ huhna tawh maang 9te sawmsimna panin suakta in thuneihna le a vangliatna khang semsem hi. A thusiamna le makaih siamna tawh beh le phung tuamtuamte ama khutnuai ah a koih hi. A veng hausa Za Haute tawh kilemin saklam gam Manipur gamgi ciang dong a uk hi. Khan Thuam huzapna nuai-ah beh le phung tuamtuamte in bitna le muanna a ngah uh hi. Amah pen Mikangte hunma a Zomi makaih siampen a kiciamteh ahi hi.\nTedim gam sunga om Sukte gamah nidanglai pekpekin Khul leh Ciim kici gam khat om hi. Tua gamah nupi Lam Dim(Guite) khat om a, tualai panin Mualbem khua-ah lal a, tapasal khat a nei hi.Tua khua ah a pasal Mang Kim a si hi. A tapa a tangval ciangin nupinu in a tapa tawh Mualbem khua panin Tumang khua, Paakzang khua, Sianzang khua khawngah lal kawikawi-a, Sianzang khua panin Luika khua a tung hi. Hih khua-ah a tapa in zi a nei hi. Tua khua-ah a suan a khakte tawh simin inn 30 a pha uhi.\nTua laitakin Luika khua khung suanghawmpi sungah gulpi vom ngiainguai khat a om hi. Luika khua mite in tua khua-ah a teen ua kipan tua gulpi a bia uhi. Inn 30 hong phak ciangin tua gulpi-in a ui khawi a ak-khawite uh leh a vok, a keel khawite uh neksak zelzel a a naupangte nangawn uh zong neksakin Luika khua mite in a thuak zawh nawnloh uh ciangin gulpi thah ding a vaihawm uh hangun a that zo kei uh hi. Khuapih tangval teng va pai uh a, gul kuavangah khau thangsiahin gulpi a awk hi. Tu tawh, hei tawh, molhtum tawh sat-huan gawp uh a tua gulpi a si hi. A khua zangun gulsa sehsatin hawm uh a, innkuan khat in bak khat tekin a tang uhi. Khuapihte in a satak ngah uh a, tua meigong nutate in a lutang a ngah kha uh hi. Nitak lup kuan ciangin tua gul lutang a huan uhi. A lup ding uh ciangin a tapa kiangah, “Na sa huan va en dih in, a min dek hiam”? ci-in a sawl hi. A tapa in a va etleh gulmit mit phia laplapin a mu hi. A nuta-un lamdangsa mahmah uh a, a mei phat pha lai-in, a sa-a so damdam ciangin a lupsan uhi.\nA zan ciangin nupi nu mang sungah pasal khat in, “Na ta tawh zingsang khuavak ma-in hih khua panin paikhia un; mencim ding a, hih khua men in vukcip ding hi.” a ci hi. A khanlawh ciangin nupinu in a tapa phong a, “Ka mang nuam kei lua, taikhia mengmeng ni,” ci-in Luika khua pan khuavak ma-in taikhia uh a, Bangzang khua a tung uhi.\nTua nutate taikhiat khit phetin huihpi guahpi nung a, mencim in Luika khua a vukcip hi.Mi khempeuh si khin uhi. Tua nupinu leh a tapa, Bangzang khua pan taikhia leuleu uh a, Mualbem khua a tung uhi. Mualbem khua panin a tapa in zi khat nei kik leuleu a, tapasal khat a nei hi. A ta min Sukzo a phuak hi. Tua Sukzo suanlekhak tu leh tate panin Sukzo ta Mang Tun, Mang Tun ta Mang Cin, Mang Cin ta Mang Piang, Mang Piang’ ta Ngai Neek , Ngaineek ta Zam Thuk, Zam Thuk ta Mang Kim, Mang Kim’ ta Khan Thuam ahi hi. Mang Kim zi pen Mualbem khua mi Kap Ciin ahi hi. Khan Thuam a neulai-in a pa in sihsan a, a nu tawh meigong tagahin a om uhi. 1750 kum pawlin hong khangin tangvalno thapha litlet khatin hong khangkhia hi. B.S. Carey le H.N. Tuck tawh mi pawlkhat kiholimna panin bel, Sukte pen Ciimnuai khua panin Mualbem khua zuana a paisukte Sukte kici hi, a ci uh hi. Sukte pen mimal min hi loin mi pawlkhat(group) min hi, a ci uh hi.Bawmkhai(SB)te in zong tua mah a meilet uh hi.\nKhan Thuam pen tagah khat ahih mah bangin a khat a khatin simmawhin a lawmte tawh a kimawl na ah suangtang khat in Limkhai hausa Zel vum a pusa bia ding a pai kimlai a lutang a kha hi. A lawmte in Khan Thuam ngawh pong mawkin vok tuk 3 sagih liau dingin hausa upate in a khensat uh hi. Khan Thuam in a liau ding bangmah nei lo ahih manin Zel Vum sila a suak hiau zen hi. Guite hausa Pau Hau in zong ‘ka lo a anne Khan Thuam hi’ci pong mawkin saliang veilam tawh to a kaisak hi.\nKhan Thuam in Kaih Mang te pata’ it theih nading le ama nuntakna a bit theih nading ngimna -in Kaih Mang tanu Gawh Ciin a tenpih sawm hi. Kaih Mang in zong ama ukna a kip theihna ding le a hutpih dingin a tanu Khan Thuam a dingin a phal hi. Khan Thuam pen tangval thahat le minthang ahih manin Gawh Ciin in zong itin pupa ngeina tawh a kiteng uh hi.Tua hinapi, Khan Thuam in tapa Kam Hau le Pau Kam a neih khit ciang nangawnin a sunghpa’ muhdahna, huatna le elnate beituan lo hi. Khan Thuam a sungpa sangin pilzaw le hatzaw ahih manin a sunghpa Kaih Mang in, ni khat ni ciangin hong lumlet khading cih launa le hazatna a nei na hi gige khong hi !\nSial a cintheih hun laitak pawlin a lawmte khempeuh sangin a tha a ngal kitawi-in hatzaw-a, zong a pilzaw hi. Tua bangin a minthan ciangin a lawmte’n a haza mahmah uhi.Mualbem khua-ukpa Kaih Mang in haza-ahihmanin a tapa Thuam Kam tawh a kibuan sak zel hangin Khan Thuam in a zo den hi.\nKaih Mang in Khan Thuam that dingin a silapa Do Tuang sawlin a kibuan uhleh Khan Thuam in zo-in a temta tawh Do Tuang a dawtlum hi. Vangteh khua hausa Pau Hau in Khan Thuam that nuam ahih manin Tonh lamna ah guapi ham khat met siangin sathau tawh zutin a dawnah voksa bak khat koihin tua guapi dawna voksa ne dingin le a bungbuletin kumsuk kikin a phunga zu beltung khat leihsa-a om a kham dong teep dingin thu a pia hi. Tua bang a a om zawh kei leh thah dingin a gen hi.\nKhan Thuam thahat ngalhat ahih manin a cihbang lianin a hih zo hi. Ni khat, Pawite in Mualbem sim ding cih thu a gingsak uh hi. Galte in Mualbem a sim sim-un Tualmu mualdung zui den uh ahih manun Khan Thuam tua lamah gal pangsakin a tapa Thuam Kam pen galte tot ngei lohna lam Tuangkenglei a kicingsak hi. Galte in Tualmu mualdung hong zui takpi uh a, Khan Thuam in galte na nawhzo ahih manin Tuangkenglei lam manawhin galte a tai uh hi. Tua lai-ah galte in Thuam Kam nakpitakin vua uh ahih manin a si hi. Khan Thuam pen galte antah ding le thahlup ding a kingaihsun pen gal zo-in hong ciah hinapi hausate le upa vaihawmte na lungdam het lo uh hi. Khan Thuam gualzawhna in mipite muanna liansak semsem a, Thuam Kam sihna in hausate lungliapsak pha mahmah hi.\nKhan Thuam hatna leh hangsanna, mi tampitak in haza-in thah ding a sawm zel hangun a that zo mahmah kei uhi. Hong gol semsem ciangin kikihta semsem a, a khuapihte khempeuh in Khan Thuam thuthu-in a gamta uhi. Tua hunlai-in a thatang hat peuhpeuh in khua-ukin Maang sem pahpah uhi. Mualbem khua uk Kaih Mang leh khuakim khua paam mang 9 te in, nidang ciangin Khan Thuam in amau zo ding a, hong uk kha ding hi, cih lau uh ahihmanin Khan Thuam thahlup dingin a sawm uhi.\nTua mang 9 te:\n1. Saizang hausa Vungh Vial, Gualnam\n2. Vangteh hausa Tun Kam, Guite (Pau Hau’ tapa)\n3. Lamzang hausa Mang Sum Guite(Pum Go’ tapa)\n4. Mualbem hausa Kaih Mang Sukte\n5. Lophei hausa Do Mang,\n6. Kalzang hausa Ciangphut, Suante\n7. Thuklai hausa Suan Thuk(Sumniang)\n8. Khuasak hausa Go Mang, Suantak\n9. Buanman hausa Hang Kam\n(Hih Mang 9 te in suamlum zo loin a nungsang ciangin amau teng nuaisiah kik ahihmanin Khan Thuam pen ‘Mang 9 suan’ kici hi.)\n1. Mupi bangin vanlai zawlah ka leng a, ka baw ka thakkhiat leh mual 9 zelin a pak phiakphuak hi.\n2. Ka mangin bel lianpi sungah hong kihuan a, ka so damdam hi. So phalua kisa-in nga veitak ka phullet gawp hi. Tua khit ciangin ka so dai pian a, a bel gei tawh ka kikim hi. Tua zawh ciangin hong kihuanna ka tui a kangcip ta hi.\nKhan Thuam in a ihmut na pan a khanlawh ciangin a mang a Nu a hilh pahleh a Nu in kuamah kiangah gen sawn peuhmah lo dingin a kho hi. Ahi zongin, mite in a nung theih veve uh hi. Paunak in “ mailam thupiang dingte kithei khol hi” a cih bang ahi hi. A mang masa pen bel, Tedim gama Maang 9 te tungah thu nei ding cih lim hi a, a 2 na pen leuleu bel Tedim gambup a hausa khempeuh tungah thu nei ding a, hunkhat ciangin a vang bei ding cihna hi.\n1.Khan Thuam galtaina:\nMaang 9te in Khan Thuam a sawm huan ciangun lau-in gal tai a, a zi a tate tawh Phuaizang Guite kici Tuimual ah Mang Khaw Lian’ nu a va beel hi. Tua lai panin Tedim ah Kam Lian Guite beelin a tai leuleu uh hi. Tedim ah galte sawmsimna thu a zak ciangin Khuangnung hausapa Manlun beh Lang Za a va bel hi. Maang 9te sawltak mi 5te tawh Lang Za innah a kituntuah kha citciat uh hi. Lang Za in na sel man ahih manin a muzo kei uh hi. Lang Za in Khan Thuam kiangah, ‘ Khan Thuam aw, hih bangin omom lecin nang genloh kei a dingin zong lau huai ding ahih manin gungal a Rallang va beel mai in,’ ci-in a bilah khipi bahsakin,lumletei, namsau’ sakhau le zu-uum a guan hi. Ta na neih uh ciangin kei hong tamsak un,” a cih bang teekin Khan Thuam in a tate Za khai, Za Pau le Za Niangte a tamsak pah hi. Kam Hau in zong a tapa Za Tual a tamsak hi. Lang Za in Maang 9te sawmsimna pan na selsim zo lo hi zenzen leh tu a Sukte ukna, a diakdiakin Khan Thuam khanggui kizom lo ding hi. Lang Za in Khan Thuam a galte ahi maang 9te mat nading pan na selsim zo lo hi zenzenleh tu a Sukte Ukna, adiakdiakin Khan Thuam’ khanggui kizom lo ding hi.\nHausa Lang Za sawlna bangin Khan Thuam a zi a tate tawh Rallang gama Khuang Ceu beel dingin a tai hi. Maang 9te’ sawltakte in a delh lam Khan Thuam in galmuh sim ahih manin a lawmpa Sawh Tun a lum puasakin, ka dailen suak in kong nungdelh ding hi na pai masa in, a ci hi. Khan Thuam in galte panna lam peelin gunpika dong a taisuakpah vingveng hi. Galte in Sawh Tun pen Khan Thuam sa-in teipi tawh khawhin Tokpi phungah a si hi. A hih loh lam a theih ciangun galte in gunpika khang ciang dong a delh uh hi. Khan Thuam a gal kah nadingin gam khaugui lenin a kiluai leh a nungdelhte in a khaugui sattat a, amah’n a khau khah loin a luai teitei ciangin a galkhat lam a tung thei hi. Lui pang panin a gal a om a galte hih la a sakkhum hi:\n(a) Pham in, pham in nong cih hang phamna bang lo e,\nLennang tuum thang hek sang zong kei zang zaw’ng e.\n(b) Tangkhau lelah baak bang kai siam lei vang,\nCiau-i galah phuaizang bang dak lei veng e.\nKhan Thuam in Zahau gam a Rallang khua a tun ciangin a zi a tate, a teipi le a lum tawi lai tawh kimtakin tunpih ahih manin a lungdam mahmah hi. A teipi le a lum banah a zuthawl puak nampuan tawh a kituam itna le kipiakkhiatna lahna-in hausapa Khuang Ceu aapin bukna a ngah thei hi. Upate paunak khat in’ “ Gul inn lut kithat a, mi inn lut kithat lo hi” na ci hi. Khan Thuam pen mite’ demzawh loh, thahat, gal do siamin a min kidawk mahmah a, Khuang Ceu in galdo makaipi-in zang a, na pibawl mahmah hi.\nKhan Thuam in hih bangin la khat a phuak hi:\n(a) Khua kiim a gualva pau te’n\nBu-al bang get ding ci e\n(b) Ka nuam lo e Lun vontawi hi’ng,\nKa siallum tawh Daltui ah zin bang khang ing e\nSaklam Chin Hills Tedim gam le Falam gam a hausa khempeuh in Khan Thuam pen a kihta giugiau den uh hi. Vaihawm le gal siam ahih mah bangin Khuang Ceu in ama ukna sungah Egypt kumpi Pharoah in Israel tangvalno Joseph thuneihna a piak bangin Khan Thuam’ tungah thuneihna le Vaihawmna a len sak hi.\nZahau Gam a Rallang khua ah Kam Hau a khangkhia hi. Kam Hau pasalpha khat ahih manin hausapa Khuang Ceu sial le zangsial a cing ding khatin a kiseh uh hi. Rallang ah Kam Hau in minphatna a tuamtuam hih bangin a nei hi:\n1.Khuasungah Do Khen a kici mi khat in uital hang mahmah khat a nei hi. Hausa Khuang Ceu in khangnote kiangah Do Khen huangsunga ak khat a man zo a om leh minphatna piak ciat ding a ci hi. Tua ui hang kihta-in khangnote kuamahin a man zo a om loh laitakin Kam Hau in sa them khat tua ui pia masa-in tua khit ciangin ak khat a man ziau hi. Khangnote le mite in Kam Hau ngian siamna lamdang sa-in minphatna tawh sim zahtak a thuah ciat uh hi. Kawl Phung a kici mi khat in sial hang pha mahmah khat nei-in kuamah a puapial ngam a om loin singpua tuitawi le lo kuan ngam a om kei uh hi. Khuasung a dai zikzek hi. Khuamite in puksih ding bek a ngak uh hi. Tua cih laitakin, Kam Hau in mipite khualna in tua sial that dingin a kuan khia hi.Lau het loin a taltang ngimin a kap leh tuk valvalin a si hi. Kam Hau in a khe le a mei tanin Hausapa inn a tun hi. Hausate le mipi khempeuh lungdam in a awng ngeingai uh hi. Khuang Ceu in a kamciam bangin Kam Hau pen a galkap mang lianpenin a koih pah hi. Gamsial a thah khit ciangin a lauhuai pha mahmah Ngalkhat khat a beng leuleu hi. Kuamah gam kuan ngam le lo kuan ngam a om kei hi. Kam Hau in sawlbawk khat bawltawmin tua sungah a pang sim hi. Ni khat tua ngalkhat hong pusuakin Kam Hau in a teipi tawh a khawh leh a si hi. Mipite Kam Hau tungah lungdam semsem uh hi. Khuasungah khatveivei mi mang thei hi. Mimangtea zonzon hang-un khat beek a muzo kei uh hi. Dawite mat hi ding hi, ci-in khuang tawh zam tawh mipi in a zong ngeingai uh hi. Ni khat Kam Hau le hausapa naupa Khup Za “Lengpuikhupmun”a kici keen sang pha mahmah khatah gam keel beng dingin a kuan na lamuah ganhing namkhat sahang tawh a kibang pian khat in mi khat taal kaihin kawhawm sungah a lutpih lai a mu uh hi. Tanglai pulepate upna ah mihingte’n keitui a dawn khak le sahang suak kici hi.Tua bang sahang pen “ Tawmi “ kici hi. Mihing bangin pau thei a, mihing sa pen a ann lim pen ahi hi. Kam Hau in a kongah na pangpahin hong pusuak takin a taltang tak na kapin kawldang a kidenna suk hi. Kam Hau tunga Rallang mipite’ lungdamna kibehlaplap ahih manin, “awng ziahziahin, ‘Kam Hau I gam hong hupa hi, Kam Hau damsawt in, I gam hong hupa hi,’ ci-in taal a zawngin Rallangah a pua uh hi.\nKam Hau in Phuaizang Guite hausa Mang Kam’ tanu Ciin Ngul ngai ahih manin a zi dingin a pisak uh hi. Ciin Ngul a pi-ni un meiilum lom khat in nungzuih, kici hi. Rallang hausapa Khuang Ceu in Zahau ngeina tawh a thupi thei penin lopsak hi.\nRallang ah kum 10 bang a ten khit ciangin Ni khat, Khan Thuam in a tapa Kam Hau kiangah a neulai a simmawhna le mang 9 te’n thah a sawmna thu a zasak hi. Kuamah tungah gitlohna le hausate tungah bangmah a poi sem kha ngei lo ahih thu zong a gen hi. Hinapi-in maang 9 ten a thah sawm mawk uh pen a lungsim ah mangngilh thei lo hi. A tapa Kam Hau kiangah, “ Pasian leh I pu le pate Khate in hong huh lo hizenzen leh mulkimnhuaitak a si khin ding ka hi,” a ci hi. Khan Thuam in Za Hau gama hausate khempeuh “ Bawiphun” le Khuasung upate samkhawmin a neulai thu a hilh hi. Hausate’n zong khasiatpihin heh mahmah uh a, a galdo na peuhah huh ding a thukim diam uh hi. Ni khat Falam Ukpi Khuang Ceu thukimpihna tawh Khan Thuam leh a tapa Kam Hau in amau a notkhia Maang 9 te a ban sim uh hi. Khan Thuam in amah a thahsawm ngei a makai a sungpa Kaih Mang ong kipiakkhiat kei leh Mualbem sim ding hi cih thu a gingsak hi. Kaih Mang in hih thu a zak ciangin kihta pha mahmah ahih manin khuasung upa vaihawmte le khuamite kaikhawm mengmengin kipiakkhiat ding a ngaihsun uh hi. Kamtai sawlin, hong sim kei unla, Mualbem nong tun kik ciangin nang’ thuthu in ka om ding uh hi.Gal le savai ah zong kong huh tawntung ding uh hi,” ci sak hi. Tua thu hangin Khan Thuam in Mualbem sim nawn lo-in Kaih Mang in a makpa Khan Thuam galsimna peuhah huh ahih manin Vangteh, Dimpi, Dimlo, Saizang, Phaileng, Kalzang a kipan Leitawhtan leh Tuanlui kikal teng simin zo a, a tapa nihna Pau Kam pen Phaileng, Dimpi, Dimlo le Kalzang hausa dingin seh a Phaileng pen a khuapi ding a hisak hi. Khan Thuam in Vangteh khua panin gatmat 93 nei in Limkhai galkapte in 7 bek a man uh hi.Vangteh hausa ‘ Pau Hau Saliang’ tawh kisai-in Khan Thuam in hih la a phuak hi:\na) A mi sawmsial ka lut mah leng tang e\nPau Hau sawmsial a ka lut mah leng tang e\nb) Zang kawlni in a suahna pel ngei lo a\nA khiatna: Nidangin Pau Hau’ saliang kici ganhing khe li hausapa pia ing; Vangteh khua ka zawhtak teh a kibang saliang hausapa’n kei hong pia hi” cihna hi.\nKhan Thuam in a galmat 93 te inn a ciahpih ciangin a gualzawhna le a galte a zawhna pawi a bawl ni –in hih la a phuak hi:\na) Zaangtui kaihdial teng in ci e\nKa nuam lo, Lun’ ta hi’ng e;\nb) Ka zua cialdawh cial tam tungah,\nKhaimu kha tawh heek ing e\nTua banah Saizang, Guite hausate Lamzang, Phuaizang, Hiangzung le Losau zo-in a zawhna khuate pan siah a kai hi. A tapa thumna Gawh Pau pen Saizang pansanin Lamzang, Phuaizang, Hiangzung le Losau khuate a uk sak hi.Thuklai le khuasak khuate zong Tashonte makaihin sim uh a a zo uh hi. Hih bang danin Khan Thuam in Maang 9te a banbanin simin a zo vek hi. Khan Thuam pen galhat ahih manin ‘Khan Thuampi’ a ci uh hi.\nGal leh sa launa a then deuh ciangin Rallang pan Mualbemah Kam Hau a zi a tate tawh hong ciah masa hi. Ahi zongin Khuang Ceu in Khan Thuam pen gal hat le gal siam ahih manin a ciah ding a phal nai kei hi. 1800 kumin Pawi hausate’ thumpihna hangin Khuang Ceu in Khan Thuam kiangah, “kei tunga nong piak siahte kumsimin mantakin hong pia inla, ciah ta in’ ci-in a ciahsak hi. Mualbem a tun zawh sawt loin Kaih Mang si hi. Innluah ding Mang Pau ii hawmna zeekna kicing lo ci ahih manin 1800 kumin Mualbem hausa hihna Khan Thuam a pia hi. Mualbem ah Khan Thuam hong tunkik ciangin a neulai-a a cil gehsak a sawm Guite tungah a lungkim nai lo hi. Guite tungah phuba lak sawm den ahihlam a kitheih ciangin Tedim, Lamzang, Losau leh Tedim khua gei-a Guite khuate pan Guite damdamin saklam gamgi lamah kikhinin a tamzaw Manipur gam a tung uhi.Tua huna kipan a sih kum 1840 dong Khan Thuam in a tapa Kam Hau tawh Tedim gam huam sunga khuate banbanin simin zo-a, Tedim gam sunga teeng nidanga amau a thah sawm hausate – Guite, Thado, Zo le Vaiphei mite khempeuh saklam Lusei leh Meitei gamgi lamah a khin uh hi. Tua hunin Sukte Ukna gam in Meitei gam leh Falam gam dong huam ahih manin zai mahmah hi. Khan Thuam in Sukte ukna gam hih bangin la na phuak hi:\nSetaang kaihna sak ciang Teimei,\nKa hialna Lamtui hi e.\nSak ciang Teimei khang ciang\nA laiah kamkei hi’ng e.\nKhan Thuam tapa Upapen Za Pau in Mualbem pan ukin, Kam Hau in Tedim pan a uk laitakin Za Pau sangin Kam Hau gal le sa le vaihawmna ah Kam Hau siamzaw, kivazaw-in zong minthangzaw hi. Tua ahih manin Mikang kumpite in Kam Hau ukna gamteng Kam Hau gam ci a, Sukte gam panin na tuam khensak a, khua 135 a pha hi. Kam Hau ukna sunga tengte Kam Hau mi na ci uh hi. A taktakin cileng, Kam Hau mite le Sukte mite a kibang ahi hi.\nTedim khua pen gal leh sa in a nawkna gal lampi mualvum tung khat a om ahih mah bangin Gangte, Komte, Zote, Thadote, Guite leh a tuamtuam in satin na teng ngei uh a, ahizongin, Simgal, Zogal, Thado gal, Pawi gal leh Kawl gal in nawk tawntung ahih manin khuamang zelzelin om a,‘ khuam 7 vei kiphut a,tap 7 vei kiluak’ kici liang hi. Tua ahih manin Tedim khua a sat masa taktak pen gen haksa hi. Tedim khua pen Lamzang gamhuam sunga om hi-in, Gui Gen leh Gui Mang a kipan Mang Sum Guite ciang dong ukna gam ahi hi. Lamzang khua mi a tampen laitakun inn 700 pha kici hi. Tiddim cih pen Mikang gamkeekte in a ciamtehna( Official record) a hi hi.Tedim Road pen bel Japan gal(II world War) lai a Mikang Kumpiten Phaipi(Imphal ) pan Tedim dong km 265 a pha lamlian a bawl uh’ Tedim Lamlianpi ‘cihna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, Lamka pan Tedim km 200 bek pha cihna hi. Lamka pan Parbung(Tipaimukh Block Hqrts),Churachandpur District km 228 hi a, Lamka pan Parbung sangin Lamka pan Tedim naizaw cihna suak hi.\nMang Sum Guite in Lamzang khua a uk lai-in a vaihawmpih Khoi Lam Hatzaw in Mangsum hih bangin la khat a phuah hi:\nLunmang vangkhua haibang ngak ing,\nAisa semna ka banzal khuai bang geep e\nMang Sum la:\nMawngbang ka pemna peuhah tonsawl phut ing, Dimtui ata simzawng aw hong zo ve aw\nKhoi Lam Hatzaw in Lailo khua panin a lawmte kim Thuam Zilom, Tel Khaat Thawmte, Cin Kim Samte, Gen En Lethil, Pau Am Samte leh Kai Hen Hatlang te zawnin Tedim khua satin vai a hawm uh hi.Tua hunlai-in Pawi gal hat mahmah ahih manin a kikihta mahmah hi.Pawi gal launa hangin Mang Sum Guite in a beh a phung tawh zankhat thu-in Lamzang nusia cih thu Tualzang panin a tupa Mang Gin in a zak ciangin Tedim hong lut kikin Upate in ‘ Mang Gin aw, koi mahah pai nawn ke’n, Tedim khua ah hausa sem suak pah in,’ ci-in a kho uh hi. A ma’n, “ka zi leh tate Dallang(Rallang) khua ah om lai uh ahih manin ka ciah phot kul ding hi,”a cih tak ciangin Khoi Lam in,“ Mang Gin aw, sak gal khang gal tam hi, lauhuai lua hi. Ko bek kimuang lo hi ung, koi mah-ah pai nawn ke’n,” ci-in a kho phapha hi. Khoi Lam in, “ Tua bang ahih leh Tedim khua a kip nadingin bang na ci vaihawm ding ka hi uh hiam?” ci-a Mang Gin a dot leh, Mang Gin in, “Kei lah Dallang ka pai loh phamawh ahih ciangin gal na lau uh leh Mualbem hausa Khan Thuam’ tapa Kam Hau na sam un,” ci-in a vaikhak hi Thumu kisa ahih manun Khoi Lam in Tel Khaat Thawmte leh Gen En Lethil sawlin Mualbem hausa Khan Thuam Sukte tapa Kam Hau Tedim hausa a sem dingin a va kunsak hi. Kam Hau pen vagiah ngai ding a kuan tawh Mualbem khuamual ah a kituak uh hi. Kam Hau in, “Pute aw, bang thu a hong pai na hi uh hiam?” ci-a a dot leh Upate in, “Pu Kam Hau Tedim Hausa a sem ding hong zol ding a Pu Khoi Lam hong sawl hi ung,” ci-in a dawng uh hi. Kam Hau in zong, “ Ka pa in hong phal lo ding hi-in, kei zong a ut lo hong kineih ning in, i dakbu khat leh i khuang nong puaksak leh pai mah ning, hong ci ning in , hong piak takpi leh pai pah ni,” ci-in a dawng hi. Khan Thuam kiang a tun uh ciangin Khan Thuam in zong, “ Tual gal, gamsa gamah a mangthang lel dingin ka ta hong paisak peuhmah kei ning, “ ci-in na phal lo takpi hi. Hih thu hangin Khoi Lam in Khan Thuam hih bangin la a khak hi:\nMual kisung ciiciai ah na thai angah, hautawi lun ta’n tul ta le’ng na ci ai maw?\nKawl heihiam maciang suan a, siallum na nawh dolai lungtup tung bawlai-in a ci ai maw?\nTedim upate in Khan Thuam innah zu tawh sa tawh nuam sa-in an ne, tui dawnin a duh a deih teng uh la na kiphuahphuah uh hi. Kam Hau vagiah ngai hong tuntak ciangin a ut lo hong kibawl takpi a, “ I dakbu leh i khuang khat nong puaksak leh pai bek ning, pa aw,” a cih leh a pa in a pai takpi ding um lo lua ahih manin, “I dakbu khat leh i khuang khat pua ve vua leh,” a cih leh Kam Hau in Tedim upate zui takpi khong hi !( Hatzaw Beh Laibu, 7) Lamzang khua tunpih masa uh a, tua lai-ah tawlkhat a tawldamsak phot uh hi.Hih banga Kam Hau a kut thapaihna hang uh pen galhat Dallang khuate leh Kam Hau’ pa Khan Thuam kilemin zawlin na kiman khin uh ahih manin Tedim hong sim nawn lo pah ding uh cih lametna leh ngimna(policy) ahi hi. Tedim ah Kam Hau paito-in hausa a semsak uh hi. Ahi zongin, Zogal leh Thado gal in nawkgawp kikin Tedim khua a hal uh hi. Tua ahih manin Lamzang khua ah a ciahsuk uh hi. Gal hong ven deuh cianginTedim khua ah lut kikin vaihawm a kipan uh hi Hih bangin Hausa Upabul panmun a kigual pah uh hi:\nKam Hau Sukte Ukpi- Chief Minister\nKhoi Lam Hatzaw Thu leh la Vanpi- Home Minister/Chief Justice\nMang Gin Hatlangh Gal leh sa vai Saipi- Defence Minister/Chief of Army Staff\nPau Vum Sukte Thuzeekpi/Lai-atpi-Chief Secretary\nKim Thuam Zilom Sing le gua Saipi - Forest Minister\nCin Kim Samte Khantohna vai Saipi -Development Minister\nPau Am Samte Antang tuibuk Saipi - Civil Supply Minister\nGen En Lethil Upabul - Cabinet Minister\nKai En Hatlangh Upabul - Cabinet Minister\nTel Khaat Thawmte Upapi - State Minister\nTedim ah Kam Hau, Khoi Lam leh Mang Gin makai-in vaipi hong hawm tak ciangun tanglai pek pana a kisat zo ngei lo Tedim khua hong kip hi. Amau teng in thu genkhawmin, nopna, hauhna leh kilemna piang takpi ahihna thu sanggam Vaiphei papi khat la phuahna panin kitheithei hi:\na)Simthu soi ding Tual Awn’ pa (Khoi Lam)\nDo cin tu lu Am Thang’ pa aw (Mang Gin)\nb)Do cin tu lu Am Thang’ pa aw\nVannuai lut sial a tun’na Za Tual pa aw (Kam Hau)\n(Mang Gin’ tupa Col. Khen Za Moong in zong amau teng thum min manmawh nading leh phawkna dingin Tedim khua sungah mawngkung 3 a suan sak banah ‘MKK Foundation’(Mang Gin, Kam Hau, Khoi Lam) kici Tedim gamah cidamna lam leh lai pilna lamsang khantohna dingin Committee khat a phuankhia hi. Hih nasepna tawh kisai-in tu ciang tanin ama’ ip sawkin Pu Moong in Kyat lakh 406 takpi Committee khutah a piakhia ta hi.Bank(Ban)ah kikoihin a summet teng zeekin na a kisem ciatciat ahi hi. Mi pawlkhat in zong tha ngah-in sum a pia pawlkhat zong a om hi.\nTedim khua pen kuamah in sim zo nawnlo ahih ciangin a belhtaak khuapi khat hong suak a, a nai a gamla khua tuamtuam panin minam kim pau namkim in hong beel ahih manin inn 300 val hong pha hi. Tedim khua sungah Teizang pau, Dim pau, Zo pau, Sihzang pau, Vaiphei pau leh Thado pau a zang naupangte kikholh khawmna panin tu a Tedim pau a kici pau taang khat hong piangkhia tawm hi. Tedim pau pen a nei tuam om loin Tedim khua sungmah ah kizang pah hi. Tedim gama Missionary Dr. J H Cope in Chin Hills saklam a zat dingin Sihzang pau tawh lai na bawlin, ahi zongin tel haksa a sa tam ahih manin Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup kiangah bang kam tawh lai bawl ding na deih hiam ? ci-a a dot leh, Hau Cin Khup in “ Mipite’ deih penpen hi lo ding hiam,” na ci hi. Tua ahih leh, ci-in J H Cope in 1919 kumin Tedim khua ah Zogam leilu lam ukpi khempeuh leh hausa pawlkhat banah Sihzang kual, gungal kual, Tonzang kual leh Guite kual khua panin mi khat ta a kaikhawm hi. Cope Topa in a paikhawm Upate kiangah, “ Sihzang pau haksa sa na hih uh leh bang kam tawh lai bawl ding ihi hiam ?” ci-in dotna a bawl pen hausa a tamzaw in Tedim pau mah kitheikim pen ding hi a cihtak uhteh Tedim khuapi tualsuak pau tawh Tedim Thukizakna cih lai khat a hawmkhia pah hi. Lai Siangtho Thuciam Thak leh Tedim Labu zong Tedim kam mah tawh a tei pah hi. Nidangin Mikangte’n Tedim Pau pen ‘Kamhau Dialect’ ci-in na ciamteh uh hi.\nTua hun lai-in Tedim khua sungah minam kim hong kikhop uh ciangun mi a tam mah bangin thu le la zong hong tam mahmah hi. Khoi Lam in Tedim khua sungah sasem nasep sem a, a beh sungah Tulpi na tawi kawm hi. Gamtat, kampau, zuhawm sahawm zia kibang het loin Dimtat,Teizangtat, Zotat cih mah hong omin, ngeina leh lu heekzia kibang lo ahih manin thukhen haksa a sa mahmah hi. Tua ahih manin Khoi Lam in “ Thukhenna haksa, Sim le Sim na kiteng unla, Zo leh Zo na kiteng un,” a ci kha liang hi. Tua huhau-in, mi khempeuh zuih kim theih ding ngeina(bye law) a tuam vilvel khat hong bawl uh a, Tedim Tat(Tedim Ngeina ) kici hi. 1825 kum ciangin ‘Kam Hau Ngeina/Kam Hau Upadi’ ci-in a min khek uh a, phung 1 pan 25 banah tang 1 pan 144 a pha hi. 1925 kumin Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in a puahpha kik hi. Tua upadi pen nam 27 pha a, Mikangte hong khan ciangin zong kizanglai-in tuni dong a zanglai pawl zong ki-om hi.\nMeitei leh Sukte pen taang a kipanin gal le sa in na kinei den uh hi. Kam Hau hunlai-in Sukte-Kam Hau mite’n Meitei gam na sim thei zelzel uh hi. 1850 kumin Sukte te’n Lawnpi khua sim uh a, Meitei gam sungah lutin galmat samat tampipi na nei thei z uh hi. Manipur Ukpipa Nur Singh 1850 kumin si hi. Chandrakirti Singh in Ukpi tokhom luahin kum 36(1850-1886) a uk hi. 1850 kumin Sukte-Kam Hau mite’n Burman mite Chidwin Sagaing Division a tengte simin galmat tampi Tedim Innpi, Chin Hills tunpih uh a, Burman ten’ zong Tedim sim kik leuleu-in ahi zongin a zo kei uh hi. Tua kum mahin Sukte mite’n Manipur phaizang dong a sim thithe uh hi. Maharajah in zadah mahmah ahih manin galkap ding mi tampi khawmin Thadote in zong mihing 1000 tawh huhin Za Pau khua Mualbem sim dingin a kithawi uh hi. Sukte in hih thu a zak ciangin Manipur phaizang gamgi leitang ahi Lawnpi ah gal pangin gal nang dingin a om uh hi. Thadote kiangah thu zasakin Meiteite a huh uh leh sukte mi khat a thah uh leh a vek uh a that ding uh a hih dan a zasak uh hi. Thadote zong lau-in a pangngam kei uh hi. Meiteite in gal lelin tampi si uh a, a taizak na lamun a thaute uh le avui a tangte pawlkhat a nusia uh hi. Kam Hau mite gual zoin a ciah uh hi. 1854 kumin Manipur Lengpa in Sukte te sim kikin guallel zelin a nungkik hi.\n1856 kumin Zote in Tedim sim kik dingin Thado le Bunglung khua a Kawlte cialin Tedim luh leuleu uh hi. Tedimte lau-in gamlakah tai-in a bu uh hi. Guite in Tedim khua halgawpin ciahsan uh hi. A galte in Tedim a hal khit uh ciangin Tedimte in a bukna uh panin hong ciah kik uh a, Tedim ah inn a lampha kik uh hi. Tua ciangin galte luhzawh loh dingin Tedim khua kimkotah kan a to uh hi. Zote in Tedim nihvei tak a sim uh ciangin Kam Hau heh mahmah ahih manin nidanga a galtainapa Rallang hausa Khuang Ceu le Ramthlo hausapa Thang Tir a va ko hi. Tua Pawite ukpi tegel in zong galkap tampi tawh hong kuan to-in Zote khua ahi Vanglai, Tungkhua, Tualzang,Theimual, Thangkhal, Beelpi, Tawtak, Khuadai,Lailui khuate banah Kahgen zong simin a hausanu uh zong manin Tedim atunpih uh hi.Hausanu pen khua khat man ahi khi tawh kitankhia-in, Zo khua dang 18te zong Kam Hau’ khut sungah a kipiakhia sak hi.\nTedim gamah kum 3 sung kialpi’ Singpitaam’ kici a tung hi. Ukpipa Kam Hau in a saihapak, zampite le sumsan beel tawh anntang kawlpi ah a kheng hi. Tua antangte pen mipite lakah a hawm uh hi. Antang a bei ciangin a neihsa gantate- sial, bawng, lawi, keel, vok le ak tampi tawh antang a kheng leuleun uh hi. Tua ci-in kum 3 sung mipite ann ngawl lo-in a koih uh hi. Mipite tungpana a lak siah tuamtuamte zong tua kial hunsung a ki-awl hi. Tua ahih manin kial a puksi kuamah om lo hi. A upate le mipite lungdam mahmah uh a, Ukpipa om kei zenzen leh kisi mang khin ding, aci uh hi. A hinna uh pen Pasian banah Suktete hi a ci uh hi. Hih teng bang hangin Ukpipa le a upate in Pasian tungah lungdam a ko uh hi.\nA vang kimin Kam Hau mite in Meitei gama khua neuneu te va sim leng uh hi. December 14, 1855 ni-in Manipur gam a sim to uh hi. Hih bang thute hangin Manipur Leeng Mangpa Chandrakirti heh pha mahmahin a ha bang gawi gamhgamh thapai hi. 1856 kumin zong Suktete’n Manipur singtang khuate sim kikin zo gawp ahih manin Chandrakirti om khong thei nawn lo hi. Sukte gal thuak zo nawn loin 1857 January kha sungin Tedim khua sim dingin Meiteite mi 1500 takpi a kuansuk uh hi. Hong kuan lam-un, Innpipa Kam Hau saihate a tang ding leh Kam Hau’ zi Ciin Ngul (Phuaizang Guite)a luppih masa ding kituh-in a buai ngeingai uh hi.Hih bang thu a zak phetin Ciin Ngul khasia mahmahin hih la a phuak pah hi:\na. Zang vuisai leh ka sakduang, do ta’n sa bang hawm khawm e\nb. Na awi nam aw ziin aw e, gual aw e, a lawm nam aw?\nHih thu a zak tak ciangun lung kikhatin Zomite Tedim khua leh khua kiim khua pam, Sukte gam, Kam Hau gam leh Sihzang gam panin hong kikaikhawmin gal nang dinginTedim khuamual lamah a kuan ngeingai uh hi. Khoi Lam in zong mi 4 gal nang dingin khuamual ciang dong a va kha hi. Khoi Lam in, “ Kei pen kei guak ka hih ciangin kei si le’ng ka nu dahlua ding ahih takteh na ciah ningin inn lam vai na hawm ning,” a ci hi. Khoi Lam in a gen mah bangin khuasung vai na hawm takpi a, ciimtaang tung to a, taksing phung khempeuh na meet sakin a nitak ciangin a halsak hi. Tua meikuang Meiteite in a muh uh tak ciangin, “ Hih lai-ah gal nang hizah banah, inn lamah zong hua zah om lai cile’ng zo zo kei ni,” ci-in a lungkia dimdem uh hi. Thakhat thu-in Kam Hau mite’n amau panmun ciat panin Meiteite tawlnga loin a kap uh le Meiteite lau-in a taizak uh hi. Tampitak si-in a dangte lehtai uh a,a galvan uh le a nek a tak teng uh zong ek nusiatin a nusia uh hi. Sukte te in zongdeel zenin a nungdelh uh hi.. Meitei gun a tun ciangun leikidawh pen na kisat tan ahih manin a cimawh ta uh hi. Paunak khat in cimawh tuikia a nui a cih bangin Meiteite in mitphial dawi neiuh ahih lam hilh in a thaulawngte uh tui tawh kidim hi a thau uh ging thei lo ding hi ci-in a khem uh hi. Sukte mite in zong umin kipiakkhiat a sawmta uh hi. Ahizongin amau lakah Khuangnung mi Nawh Neng Phiamphu a kici mi khat kipiakkhiat ding a ut kei bilbel hi. Nawh Neng pen ngim se lo a thau a kap leh zong a kha lianlian khat hi-in Meitei te khat lui sung a laizang taka suang tunga tu khat a kap le a si hi.Sukte galkap khempeuh in awng ngeingai, Kalaisai ! Kalaisai !, ci-in a thau uh a kap ciat uh hi. Galte tai-in pawlkhat manin pawlkhat a taimang man uh hi. A thaute uh Tuihazang tuili sungah khia uh a, amau zong tampitak gun-ah kia-in a si uh hi. Mi 1000 khawng bek suakta-in inn a tung uh hi. Tedim gal kuan te’n Thaulawng 287 takpi Lui sungpan a tawm uh hi.Tua huna kipanin zothau a nei hong kibehlap pah hi.Meiteite puaksuk beete meitei be kici a , a lopa te pen meitei lo kici hi. Meiteite in singtangmite ‘Hau’ hong cih uh ciangin Kam Hau mite hong cihna uh na hi gige hi. (Makenzie’s N.E.F of Bengal p.164) genna panin Manipur Political Agent A Mc Cullock in bel ‘Meiteite guallehna pen a meidawi man taktak uh hi’, ci hi. Leng Mangpa nangawn nusia-in taisan uh a, nitam lo khit ciangin a cing mi 20 tawh inn tung hi. Sukte mite khat in hih bangin la phuak hi:\na) Khang a vaimang khanglim lian, buneem kaikuang me,\nKa singkawi ah hing bang aw;\nb) Phaizang buneem ngakha me\nGuasing kawi aw hing bang aw, buneem ne.\nHih banga gualzawhna a ngah tak uh ciangin Tedim Innpi ah Gualzawhna Pawi a kham uh hi. Ganhing bawngtal bekbek 150, bawng 100 keel 70 le vok tampi banah hausate in zong Ukpipa lungdampihna in vok khat tek a go uh hi. 1 ta go-in Galkapte le Hausa Upate banah mipite in nuamtakin lawmin zu le sa tawh ne-in tua zan ngawngaw a zanhak liang uh hi. Naw Neng Phiamphu hang a gual zo ahih manun Ukpipa in pahtawina-in thau hoih mahmah khat pia-in siah zong a nuntak sung khempeuh a awl hi. Innpipa le Innpinu Ciin Ngul in hih bangin galkapte pahtawina-in la khat a phuak hi:\na)Vangkhua suan ding mualcin sangah\nZangta min luang hong baang e\nb)Sumlu maipak taangzik banga ka lak,\nZanglei-a taa tangin sambang met ing e\na) Tung Pasian in a awi lo e\nVangkhua ngalliam khuaibang a hang te’n\nDo sumlu mualah suah e\n1859 kumin Sukte mite in Haukip khua khat Sugnu geiah na sim kik uh a, mi 15 thatin galmat tampi a la uh hi. Tua banga Sukte gal in Meitete gam a nawkgawp ciangin Meitei gam ukpa in cihna ding thei loin gal nan’na dingin gamgi ah dai a kai hi. Tuazawh tawlkhat sung Sukte le Meiteite kikalah gal hong veng deuh hi. Amau zong kilawmtatna hong nei thei zaw deuh uh hi. 1871 kum dong tua bangin Meitei le Sukte kikalah kitheihsiam tuahna om napi in gamgi zul a teng Guite le Thado kikalah bel kisim tuahna na khawl tuan lo hi. A hun zui a thupiangte in Meitei-Sukte kilemna liamsak thei ahih manin amau kikalah kimuanmawhna zong bei tuan lo hi.\n1.Gal kilemna le mipite in lungmuan khamuanna nei uh hi.\n2.Tedim Pau le Tedim Ngeina(Kam Hau Upadi) piangkhia hi.\n3.Galdo gal nanna ah gual zo den hi.\n4. Kial letak hunsungin mipite’n ann ngawl lo uh hi.\n1868 kumin Kam Hau a sihtakteh a tapa Za Tual in Tedim ah tawlkhat ukpi a sem hi. Tua hunlai takin Tedim khua ah Kam Hau tapa tumpen Khaw Cin, a mintak Khaw Cin Zam, in Go Am Hatlang’ tanu Vung Khaw Lian ngai-in a beh a phung in a awi lohpi mahin a tenpih nuam veve hi. Go Am in zong a tanu a awi tuan kei hi. A sanggamte’n vok khat go-in zu a nek laitakun Khaw Cin in hih la a phuak hi:\na)Sun ni hamlai i nuai muikhua zing hen aw, ngaih tong pal vabang ka san kal ngak la’ng e\nb)Gam khisan zong a sih khul peel tuanlo a,taang leng in lia siang ka peel zo diai mah e\nVung Khaw Lian in hih bangin thuk leuleu hi:\na)Na phung nialpi ngalliam aw hong leng lo aw, laizom tawh haizu na hawmmawh ding hi e\nb)Na phung lai-a ningzu aisa niang ding a, ningzu aisa khen dingin ka lawm lo e\nKhaw Cin in Vung Khaw Lian ngai mahmah ahih manin a kiangah, “ Vung Khaw Lian aw, hong tenpih ding hi ingh, kong mak taakleh suan nei lo, khak nei lo-in om ning,” ci-in kam a ciam hi. Tua ahih manin a kamciam mah bangin kitenpih takpi a, Khawvong khua ah zawltai-in khuasat ding Gin Za Thangte tawh a tonkhawm pah uh hi. Tonzang khua ah Khaw Cin in 1870-1877 dong hausa a sem hi. Tedim Innpite lawi khat cikmah a a kihawl zo ngei lo kimlai hawl het lohin inn tung zenzen ahih manin, ‘ I kam om lai hi, Khaw Cin samto ding hi Khaw Cin in Vung Khaw Lian ngai mahmah ahih manin a kiangah, “ Vung Khaw Lian aw, hong tenpih ding hi ingh, kong mak taak leh suan nei lo, khak nei lo-in om ning,” ci-in kam a ciam hi. (Tedim Pan Zangkong, 10 ) Tua ahih manin a kamciam mah bangin kitenpih takpi a, Khawvong khua sat dingte tawh a tonkhawm pah uh hi. hang’ ci-in Tonzang hausa a sem kimlai Khaw Cin leh a zi Vung Khaw Lian Tedim Innpite’n a laktoh uh ciangin Gin Za Thang in Tonzang hausa kum 1877 panin 1891 dong a sem hi.(Tonjang Evangel Centenary laimai 2) Khaw Cinte nupa in Tedim lam a ciahsan tak ciangin Pum Za Kham’ nu Vung Mang in hih la a phuah hi:\na. Zenzen aw Lun heikhialh aw, Lai ah na aw, Zodamtui bang ka luanna ding mel mang e\nb. Suan nei lo khak nei lo i phung tutawm tawh libang cinnop lai-in,zaang huihkhi bang ka lenna dang zo ta e\nTedim a tun tak ciangin Khaw Cin sial 30 takpi tawh tongsak uh a, a beh a phung in a zi Vung Khaw Lian tawh a khen veve uh hi. Tuakhit ciangin Khaw Cin in Mualbem hausa Za Pau’ tanu Lian Dim a kitenpih hi. Khaw Cin in ukpi sem a, tua hun laitakin Nuam Dim kici numei khat in maangmu-in, “Theihngeiloh Vaimang hong khang ding a, kuamah’n do zo lo ding hi. Pu Khaw Cin inn mang ding a, naupang tagah khat in luah ding hi. Pasian’ thuman zong hong tung ding hi. Leitawhtan le Mualtuk kikal inn dim ding hi.” cih bangin a gen khol hi. Hih thu teng Khaw Cin in a zak ciangin zadah a, ‘mi patausak hi’ ci-in a pau nawn loh nadingin a kham hi. A pau lai leh thah dingin zong thu a zasak hi. Vantung mite in a kampau vallua sa ahih manin, “Lau kei in, Khaw Cin pen a tapa Hau Za Kham cina khol lopi-in si vat ding a, a kivui ni-in zabo(tong khat) a sah a tuangdung ka kuaitan ding hi,” a ci hi. Tua bang teekteekin piang takpi ahih manin Nuam Dim kithat nawn lo hi. Tedim Leitawhtan pan Mualtuk dong inn dim suak takpi a, veng tuamtuamin kikhen hi.\nKhaw Cin in a mailam hun ding tawh kisai-in pusa bia a a om laitakin a nasem a tanute khat in dawi tampi tak lungdamna tawh a lam a diang Tedim Innpi kongtualah a mu hi. Tua dawite lasak hih bang ahi hi:\na) A mi kilel micih kilel\nMicih lai-ah Khaw Cin mah tungnung e\nb) A sa kilel sa cih kilel\nSa cih lai ah sa kamkei mah tungnung e\nTua numeinu in mi khempeuh in a en dingin a kiko hangin kuamah in a mu thei kei hi. Hih bangin dawite in Khaw Cin mailam hun ding a hilh khol ahi hi. Khaw Cin zong thumu kisa-in veng le pamte do-in a zo gawp hi.\nA pa mah bangin Khaw Cin zong pilin, ciimin hehpihna nei-in zong a mite tungah thuman mahmah hi. A pu a pate mah bangin gam vengte do-in dungdung dangdang a sa hi. Meiteite, Lusheite le Kawlte a do khit ciangin Mikangte 1888-1891 dong gal a nang hi. Gal sungah a khe khat kikap tan kha ahih manin a khe a bai luangluang hi. Hih bangin la khat a phuak hi:\na) Pham la pham lo buang ing e, Phamsa gimsi nam ing e\nb)Ka pham zongin pheiphung a khau bang ciah lo dia, Lengvan ka mual suak diam ?\nSukte Ukpi Khan Thuam leh Kam Hau te hun-a kipan Mikang kumpi in Khamtunggam a lak dong Tedim gam sung teng Sukte-Kam Hau ukna nuaiah om hi. Sukte galhatna gamkiim gampaamte in na thuaklah mahmah uh ahihna Mikang gamuk palai McCulloch in 1861 kumin hih bangin gelh hi: “Meiteite in Tuisa lui khanglam na uk kha ngeilo uh a, tua gal a teeng Sukte galhat mahmah uh hi,” na ci hi. Alexander Mackenzie mahmah in Sukte galhatna hangin Meitei gam khanglam khempeuhah kuamah teeng ngam lo ahihna leh, Meiteite in Luseite sangin Sukte kihta zaw-a tua mah bangin Luseite in zong Sukte na lau mahmah uh a hihna na ciamteh hi. Hih zahtaka Tedim Zo mite midangte in zahtakin a kihtak theihna hang khat pen amau mahmah galdo siam ahih banah Kawlgam panin thau hoihpipi na ngah thei uh ahih man hi.\nMeitei leh Sukte pen taang akipan gal leh sa-in na kinei den uh hi. Kam Hau hun lai-in Meitei Gungal a Hualngo gam kituhin Kam Hau le Lusei hausa Vannuailiana te a kido thei zel uh hi. Tua hun lai mahin Meitei gam zong Sukte-Kam Hau mite’n na sim kawikawi uh hi. 1850 kumin Sukte mite’n Lawnpi khua sim uh a, Meitei gam sungah lutin galmat samat tampipi na la thei zel uh hi. Sukte- Kam Hau gal nang zo mahmah lo ahih manun Luseite in Saizang leh Mualbem na sim ngei uh a, ahizongin amau lamet bangin lawhcing lo-in kileh zel uh hi. Tua bang kisimna-ah Sukte mite’n Luseite galmat na nei zel uh hi.\n1859 kumin Sukte mite’n Haukip khua khat Sugnu geiah na sim kik uh a, mi 15 that in galmat tampi na la uh hi. Tua banga Sukte gal in Meitei gam a nawk gawp ciangin Meitei gamukpa in zong cihna ding thei lo-in gal nanna dingin gamgi ah dai kai hi. Tua zawh tawlkhat sung Sukte leh Meitei kikalah gal hong veng deuh hi. Amau zong kilawmtatna hong nei thei zaw deuh uh hi. 1871 dong tua bangin Meitei leh Sukte kikalah kitheihsiamna om napi’n gamgi zula teeng Guite leh Thado kikalah bel kisimna na khawl tuan lo hi. A hun zui-a thupiangte in Meitei-Sukte kilemna liamsak thei ahih manin amau kikalah kimuanmawhna zong bei tuan lo hi.\n1868 in Kam Hau a sih ciangin a tapa neupen Khaw Cin Zam in Tedim ah ukpi sem hi. 1871 in Mikang kumpi in Lusei gam sim ding a geel ciangin a huh dingin Tedim Zo mite na zawn hi. Tua hun lai-in Sukte leh Luseite zong na kilem het lo uh ahih manin Tedim ukpi Khaw Cin Zam in Meiteite huh nuam napi’n Luseite’n amau lam a leh do ding zong kiginhuaisa-in Meitei leh Mikang kumpi i deihna bangin huh thei lo hi. Khaw Cin Zam in galkap tawh huhna a piak theih loh ciangin Mikang kumpi’n zong Lusei gam sim ding Cachar pan galkap sawl hi. Lusei leh Sukte kilawm matin hong pangkhawm kha leh cih lauhna tawh Sukte leh Meitei gamgi lam a cing dingin Meitei glkapte zong Major Thangal’ makaihna tawh Cikha ah sawl hi. Meitei galkapte’n Sialbu lamah ong nawk laitakun Sukte mite’n Champhai na sim uh a, Champhai hausa Lalbura na zo gawp uh hi. Tua hun sung mahin Meitei galkapte zong Champhai hong tungin Luseite a delhzak zawh uh ciangin sungkhawh natna in nawk gawp ahih manin kileh kik vingveng uh hi.\nSukte te in Lushei gama Khuangleng khua le Ditlang khua simin a zo uh hi. Khualeng gal simna ah Mualbem hausa Za Pau makai-in galmat 500 numei pasal le a hausapa uh Thanhrang zia inkuanpihte manin ama inkuanpihte mah bangin a kem hi. Innteng haltum sak uh hi. Diltlang pen Ukpipa Khaw Cin makaihin sim uh a, ahi zongin khuami kuamah na om nawn lo hi. Mi nih bek a man kha uh hi. Ni khat, hausa Larbura makaihin mi tampi in Sukte gam manawhin General Lianluta tawh a kuan uh hi. A tup masak pen uh ahih le Saizang hausa Thuam Thawng ahi hi. Meitei gungak a tuna tun un Sukte mite’n gal muh uh ahih manin na lamtan uh a, General Lianluta guntui laizang a tuntakin a kaplum uh hi. Midang 7 zong kaplumin tampi mah tui-ah a kialum uh hi. Lalbura in Mualbem khua sim leuleu-in ahi zongin Mualbem khua pen kulh hoih le mualtung khata om ahih manin a luh zo kei uh hi.\nLusheite in Mualbem le Saizang a sim uh takteh Sukte te zong heh mahmah uh ahih manin hausa thupipen a kigen Champhai tutphah Vannuailiana khua a sim uh hi.Saizang khuami Hau Za Siing makai-in mi tampi in a sim uh le a zo uh hi. Tua ahih manin Lusheite in Sukte te tungah thau le ganta a piak uh kul hi. Sukte le Lushete in kilemna Champhai khua ah bawlin ui khat gawl atin a si dawnin kiciamna hih bangin a nei uh hi: “ Lusheite in Meitei gun a lehluan mateng le vakhu mei laam khat a phak mateng hih kiciamna tawh kizui-in Lushei hausa khempeuh in Sukte hausate tungah hi bangin siah a pia ciat ding uh hi”cih hi.Tua huna kipanin Sukte – Lushei gal a bei hi.\nOctober, 1874 kumin Go Khaw Thang sihna hangin Ukpipa Khaw Cin lungkim thei lo ahih manin Meiteite tungah phuba a lak sawm hi.Tua mah bangin, Meitei leh Khamtung gamgi-ah buaina kipan kik hi. Kam Hau mite in Kumsol leh Mukung khuate sim uh a, mi 17 thatin numei naupang 78 bang galmat in puakhia uh hi. Hih thupiang mit mahmah tawh mu nuamin a kan khia, tua huna Manipur ah Mikang Gamuk Palai a sem Dr. Brown in atunga khua hong simte pen Mualpi khua pana hong pai Za Tual’ ukna nuai-a om Guite mite hi dingin muangmawh hi. Kilemna a om zawh ciangin hih banga nawngkaina a pian kikkik Meitei gamukpa heh lua ahih manin Sukte gam sim kik taktak dingin ngaihsun a, galkap a khawm hi. Mikang kumpi in bangmah huhna pia loin galsim ding bel phalna pia hi. Tua tawh kituakin February pan April 1875 sung Meitei galkap 2000 leh Khongsai galkap 400 in gamgi zuan pah uh hi. Kisimna taktak a om ma- in Za Tual mite Meitei kumpi kiangah kilemna bawl ding leh galmatte pia dingin kamtai sawl hi. Tua bangin Za Tual’ palaite in galmatte uh Meiteite khutah pia kikin, Meiteite kiangah siah pia dinga a kamciam manun Meitei galkap bupa Major Thangal lungkimin April 11, 1875 in Sugnu ah kileh kik uh a, 14 niin Phaipi tungkik uh hi. Tua kilemna in gamgi-a buaina khaam zo taktak tuan lo ahih manin kisimna veng thei lo hi. Tua hih manin Meitei makaite in khanglam gamgi ah galnanna ding munpi li tak khawh kik uh hi, ci-in tua huna Mikang Gamuk Palai G.H. Damant in gen hi. Sukte te le Hualngote 1876 kumin kido uh a, Senam va luh uh a, Leisawn le Tashonste tawh 1878 kumin kido-in Kam Hau mite’n a zo uh hi.\nSukte le Meitei te kido simin Meiteite in lel den pianzaw ahih manun Meiteite in 1878 kumin a Lengmangpa uh Chandrakirti Singh mahmah makai-in Tedim sim kik dingin galkap honkhat le nasem ding le Kuki levies Tedim gam manawhin a kuan leuleu uh hi. Mikang kumpi te kiangah huhna a nget hangin a ngah kei hi. A Lengpmangpa uh taala zawngin Sukte gam a zuan uh hi. A kuanlam un lei khut dim khat tek pham uh a, Zangdunga mun khatah a koih khawm uh ciangin mual no khat a suak zo hi. Kam Hau gam a tun uh ciangin Tualmu khua(Mualheng-Leizang) a kicihna, Tedim pan tai 16, munah phual a sat uh hi. Sukte mite’n hih thu a zak uh ciangin Galkap mangpi Za Tual in a galkap khempeuh kaikhawmin hih thu a zasak hi.Meiteite a huh peuhmah thahlup dingin thu a pia hi. Gam le mipite bit nadingin lau lo le hangsan taka gal do dingin a hansuah phapha hi. Za Tual in mi10 10 a kipawlin Ciimtang mual to teng Tedim leilum dong singphung khempeuh met siangin thu a kiasak hi.\nHih a ngimna in bel, galte muhna ah panmun Camp asak ding uh deihna ahi hi. Meiteimangpa in meikuang a gal muh tak ciangin lau pha mahmah a, Sukte galkapte tampi pha hi ci-in a do ngam ngam kei hi. Lengmangpa in Chahsat hausa Ngulngam Tedim ukpipa kiangah sawlin a kipiakkhiat kei uh le a thauvuite uh tuisuak ding a, a thaute uh zang thei lo ding uha, a tawpna ah a kipiakkhiat loh phamawh ding hi, aci sak hi. Ukpipa Khaw Cin le Galkapmangpa Za Tual in hih thu a zak ciangun heh pha mahmah uh a,, tua thauvui tui suakte pen a sisan uh le a khau lengin Sukte kankhawm ding a,a la uh le a lungtang uh dawt ding hi a ci uh hi. Sukte khuai in bi ding uh ah a nungkik ding uh hi, a cisak hi. Nithum bang kong ngak uh cingta ahih manin hong kuan mengmeng un ci-in a vaikhak uh hi. A ni giat ni zingsang tungin Meitei te’ Lengmangpa General Nongmeingakpa a galte koi lamah om hiam cih thei nuamin Suangsuang dawn panin a khuadak leh Tua laitakin Za Tual in a thau a suak thei hiam, ‘naang hong leng hiam, phim leh khau hong leeng hiam, hong sin dih ning’, ci-in a gal mual vum tung panin ngimngimin a kap leh a thau suak takpi a,Meiteite Galkap Mangpa kha-in Suangsuang vum tung pan kiasuk a, Dawn lui sung kidenna sukin a si liuleu hi. A thaute uh Tuihazang tuili sungah khia uh a, amau zong tampitak gun-ah kia-in a si uh hi. A makaipa uh a sih takteh a makai muan huai ding uh om nawn loin meiteite a pangpa mahmah uh hi. Tua cih laitakin Sukte galkapte in thakhat thu-in a tha neihteng uh le a hatna teng uh tawh do-in Meiteite camp teng buluhin a delh mang uh hi. Meiteite’n zong a vante uh nusia a a tai na lamun aLengmangpa nangawn uh zong nusia kha-in khuai tunpi bu pukha uh a deh gawpin a buai mahmah uh hi. Pawlkhatte guamah kia-in, pawlkhatin sing le suang palkha-in liam le bai-in a si pawl zong om a, pawlkhatte puksi uh a, a tamzawte Meitei gun ah kia-in Sukte galkapte’n a that uh hi. A makaipa uh a sihtak ciangin Meiteite lungkia-in nungkik uh a, a ciah lam-un tunpi(khuai) kua khat phukha-in a dehgawp uh leh, ‘Kam Hau thote bek zong hihzahta a na ahih ciangin zozo kei ni,’ a kici uh hi. Tua bek hi lo, vasa ham peuh a zak uh ciangin ,’ Tedimte kuan zozo ding ahi hiam ? Thovai nangawn in huh a, va-ak nangawn in zong, ‘tak, kapa tapa,’ci-in hanciam tazen uh hi, ci uh hi. Tedim Kam Hau mite zasan tawh kibang uh hi’ a ci liang uh hi. A thaute uh Tuihazang tuili sungah khia uh a, amau zong tampitak gun-ah kia-in a si uh hi. Tawmkhat bek suakta-in inn a tung kik uh hi. Suktete in galphualah thau lawng 130, Meitei te camp panin 90 le Gunlui panin 67 a tawm uh hi. Meiteite in Sukte a thumvei do na-ah a guallel ngiingei uh hi. Sukte- Kam Hau miten Tedim a tun kik uh ciangin Tedim Innpi ah Meitei tungah galzawhna Pawi thupitak khat a bawl uh hi. Lamlam uh a, ne-in dawn-in a kham piikpeek uh hi. Tua khit ciangin Ukpia Khaw Cin le General Za Tual in pahtawina lianpi tawh galkapte a khua ciat uh ah kha khia-in amau khua tekah zong gualzawhna pawi a bawl ciat tuh hi.\nMeiteite in Tedim 1878 kum a sim uh a sawt nai lo khatin Manipur Maharajah inSukte le Meiteite kalah kilemna picing om theih nadingin Tedim Ukpipa Tapei(Chakpikarong) ah kihona nei dingin a sap leh Ukpipa Khaw Cin le General Za Tual in hehna-in la ahih manin amau Maharajah Zangdung a kiho dingin a leh sap uh hi. Hih kihona ah Suktete in sial khat go-in Meiteite in sial nih a go tuak uh hi. Sial mei tankhia-ina si sungah diahin Ukpi tegel in amai uh kitat sak tuakin, “ hih kiciamna a peel i om leh hih sial a sih bangin i si ding hi”a kici uh hi. A kicamna uh ah thuman ding le a gam tuak uh kitheihpih ding banah kido ngei nawn lo dingin kam a ciam phapha uh hi. Gamgi zong a omsa bangin Tapei(Chakpikarong) hi ding hi. Sukte-Meitei kidona a tawpna le abeina ahi ta hi.\nMikang galkapte in Kawlpi panin Tedim khua sim dingin a kuan uh hi.March 10, 1889 in Tedim khua a haltum tak ciangin Khaw Cin zong galtai-in Tonzang pan Tualzang, Vanglai pan a sanggampa Thang Khaw Pau’ hauhsakna khua Ngennung ah September ni 1, 1891 ni-in a si hi. A sih ni-in a mite le a galkapte in hih la a sa uh hi:\na) Dimtui aw e, Zangtui aw e\nLeido a siallum aw e;\nb) Dimtui zangtui sunni nuai-ah\nKawlciang huiva mau bang e\nKHAW CIN HUN SUNGA A CIAMTEHHUAI THU PAWLKHAT:\n1.Gal hat mahmah ahih manin a gam zai mahmah hi.\n2.Meiteite tawh kilemna picing a piang hi.\nHau Cin Khup pen Kam Hau tapa a sagihna Hau Pum le Tel Ciin(Hatzaw) te tapa hi a, 1874 kumin Tedim Khua ah a piang hi. Mihingte hatang 32 a pha hitaseleh ama hatang 36 pha-in a mittang pen mikangte’ mittang tawh kibangin puang qiuqeu se hi. Kum 21 a phak 1894 kumin Mualbem khua a om Thuam Khaw Lian tanu Ciin Za Niang tawh a kiteng uh hi. Tapa Pum Za Mang le tanu Lian Za Cing a nei uh hi. A zi Ciin Za Niang in dam lo-in 1903 kumin a sihsan takteh tua kum mahin a zi’ naunu ahi Vung Khaw Man tawh a kiteng uh hi. A tate- Vai Hen Thang, Niang Khaw Cing, Ciin Khaw Lun, Hau Cin Pau, Kam Cin Thang le Lian Cin Thang ahi uh hi.\n1887 kum December kha-in Mikang galkapte company khat Kawlpi (Kalemyo) hong tung to pah hi. Kawlgam Vaigam a Mikang gamkeekte ukna hong khan laitakin Zogam (Chin Hills/Khamtung gam) ah khua khat le khat lu kilakna le galmat tampipi om ahih manin khanglam Chin Hills le saklam Chin Hills ah kikhenin Mikang galkapte kithawi-in hong kuan to uh hi. Mikangte tuppipen bel galmatte khahkhiat ding, galsimte gawtna piak ding le Kam Hau-Sukte ukna thuneihkhum ding ahi hi.Tua hun laitakin Kam Hau mite’n Kale-Valley sim zelzelin Pinthawa khua panin gallu tampi pua-in galmat a hingin 14 zong Tedim a tunpih uh hi. Mikangte Khamtung gama hong lut ding uh deih lo ahih manun Zo minamte’n kum khat val na nang zo uh hi. Ahi zongin, 1889 kum March kha-in Mikang galkapte’n Major Raikes makaihna tawh Tedim khua inn 300 a pha kimlai a haltum tak ciangin mipite khua kiim khua pamah galtai ngeingai uh hi. . A galmat uh Kawlte kikhahsakin amau khua tekah a ciahsak uh hi.Hau Cin Khup te nuta tengin Tonzang a a Pu Gin Za Thang beelin a tai uh hi. Tonzang khua ah Hau Cin Khup’ pu Gin Za Thang’ tapa Awn Khaw Kam in a innah gallu tampi suangin galmat zong tampi nei hi, cih thu a zak ciangin Mikang galkapte’n Tonzang lam mitsuanin Major Rundall makaihna tawh Gorkha Regiment galkap 215 leh coolie 300 tawh February 11, 1891 zingsang nai 11 pawlin Tonzang khua a umcih uh hi. February 13, 1891 zingsang nai 4 in Tonzang hong phawng pan uh hi. Mipi patau-in a taizak uh hi. Kamphen nasem Sihzangmi Luan Suak in, “tai bo heek vun , tai heek vun, Maang zong hi,” a cih leh pawlkhat in, ‘taikeek un’ a ci sa-in a tai uh leh Galkapte in a taite bankapin mi 8 a kaplum uh hi. Phut Vum, Lian Suan leh Khoi Lam tapa nihna Son Kham te gal kilemna ding deihin tangko-in khua sungah a dian kawikawi na lam-uah Galkapte’n Son Kham pen kap kha-in a si hi. Phut Vum in maang zong hi ci ahih takteh Za Tual lah om lo a, Hau Cin Khup beek koi ah om hiam ci-in zong hi. Kum 17 a pha ,tangvalno ngiungeu pan Hau Cin Khup pen Tawn Tualte inn nuai-ah Vai Kam tawh a buk nading uh namsau khat tawh dum toto a muh tak ciangin Phut Vum in Hau Cin Khup a khutah lenin, ‘ Ka tu Hau Cin Khup aw, i khua i tui leh i minam mang taktak ding hi hong zui in,’ci-in a ban a kai-in ama’n zong kap kawmkawmin zui a, maimual sa-a Mikangte khutah a va piak leh pengkul hong kitumin galkapte a ciah diamdiam uh hi.Tua khit ciangin Tonzang khua upa vaihawm teng manin, Pinthawa pana Kawlte lu a lak teng uh, saihapakte leh a galmat uh silate a hing lai teng zong a laksak khin uh hi. A matte uh sungah Pum Za Kham zong kihel kha hinapi, aman ‘Ka naute ann va puak phot ning’ ci-in khem a, inn a ciah leh a man nawn kei uh hi. A mi matte uh hih a nuai a teng ahi hi. Numei teng Kalemyo panin ciah kik sakin, Nia’ng Za Vung leh pasal teng Zaangvung (Rangoon/Zangkong/Yangon) dong a tonpih uh hi: (Hatzaw Beh Laibu)\n1. Gin Za Thang Hatzaw, Tonzang hausa\n2. Hau Cin Khup Sukte, ( Hau Pum leh Tel Ciin’ tapa)\n3. Thang Za Vungh Hatzaw( Son Kham’ tapa)\n4. Thang Khaw Pau Sukte\n5. Vung Mang ( Gin Za Thang zi)\n6. Niang’ Za Vung ( Gin Za Thang tanu)\n7. Dim Ning( Hatzaw)\n8. Zel Cing(Hatzaw) ( Kham Khaw Lian Sanggamnu)\n9. Thang En Hatlang\n10. Ciin Luai (Pu Thang En zi’)\n11. Thang Luan Khuptong (a khe kikap tansak)\n12. Thual Ngul Naulak\nMarch 31,1891 ni-in Mikangte’n a mi mat teng uh Tonzang pan Fort White(Thangmual) ah puak to uh a, tua lai-ah tawlkhat a kem uh hi.Tua lai panin Kawlpi a puaksuk uh hi. Kawlpi ah Thang ZaVung leh Zel Cing te gilsan(dysentry) vei uh ahih manin Kawlpi ah a lawmte hong tun kik dong ngakin a omsak uh hi. Numei teng Kalemyo panin ciah kik sakin, Nia’ng Za Vung leh pasal teng Zangvung (Rangoon/Zangkong/Yangon) dong a puaksuk uh hi. A matte uh a khut uah sik khainiang bulhsak uh ahih manin Gin Za Thang in nuammawh sa-in han la a sak kawmkawmin a khutbom tegel a gawigawina lamin a khutguh bang dawk siatsuat liang hi, kici hi. Mikangte’n lungtang pha a sa mahmah uh hi. A pa leh a u Hau Cin Khup a kimat pen Pum Za Kham na dah lua mahmah ahih manin hih la a phuak hi:\na) Ka zua kamkei gamkuam thuk ah\nDo hen-in han zai sa e.\nb)Ka ciin sial le’ng gam vangla ah\nZangtawi lunmang’ hen hi e.\nGin Za Thang la:\na) Gual in lai mi hen ciat veh e, kei’ laihen zek diak sa’ng e\nb) Na Ciin kei paal, zaang dum dongkhon,lentu tang laingek kheng e\nVung Mang’ la ( Gin Za Thang zi):\na ) Sing hen sim na’n, laithah sial na’n, zaang tual va ban aw ci e\nb) Zangtual ban ding sawn leh ka von, um bang no lua ka sa e\na) Do ta’n ka laangmai hong vel e, banzal in taang bang kai e\nb) Von mom paibang ka kuah kawmin, tulta liim sawl ngai ing e\nTel Ciin in a tapa Hau Cin Khup a phuah:\na) Deih tawh ka laitan aw e, kamkei laitan, zanggam gil albang na mang\ntak ding aw e\nb) Pu Von langlam, ciandal leh awhkhi minthang, ciaului lumsuang zah a vum\nNa ngai nam aw\nHau Cin Khup nu Tel Ciin pen meigong khat ahih manin a pasal Hau Pum tawh a kiten ciangin a beh a phungin nialin a khen zawhloh uh hi a, Pawi gal a a pasal a sihtakteh a u le nau in ciah dingin a sawl zawh loh bek tham loin a tapa neihsun Hau Cin Khup Mikangte’n a mat tak uh ciangin a si a mang dingin a ngaihsut uh ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, Sukte numeite in suan mang ding na hih ciangin ,ci –in ciah dingin sawlthapai-in zong a bawlsia den uh hi. Ahi zongin, Tel Ciin in a tapa si hi cih cian masa nuam phot ahih manin a ciah nuam bikbek kei hi. A pasal le a tapa a it a ngaih luat manin a sun a zanin a kap thapai hi. Hau Cin Khup zong naupang cik kum 16 pha pan khat ahih manin a nu ngai-in kapkhia uauuau thei zelin ni tam pipi ann a ngawl thei zel hi. Mikang kumpite in Hau Cin Khup kiangah khatvei ciang a Kam Hau gam bek hi lo, Chin Hills bup kumpi hi ding ahih zia a hilh uh hi. Zan khat a nu Tel Ciin in mang lamdangpi khat a man hi. A mang sungah, a tapa in Innpi kong tualah dingin mawngkung in a hiangzam in gam teng a zelh bangin vasa namkim a hiang tungah tuangin lungdam le nuamin la a sa u hi. Gan khe 4 nei khempeuh a singlim nuai ah nuam satakin a khawl tawldam uh hi. Tel Ciin a khanlawh ciangin a lungdam mahmah a, a innsung numeite in ko ekek a a bawlsiat ciangun zong heh loin ‘ni khat ni ciangin ka tapa hong tung kik ding a, Ukpi hong suak ding hi’ ci liuliau-in a lungnuam mahmah lel hi.\nApril kha in Zangkong-ah Governor kiang a tunpih uh hi. Zangkongah Hau Cin Khup le a matte uh pen galmat bangin bawl loin amah bang bel kumpi khat bangmahin a bawl uh hi. Zahtakpi Governor in Hau Cin Khup hih bangin thu a dong hi:\nGovernor : Hau Cin Khup aw, nang Kam Hau gam ukpi zaa luah ding mah na hi hiam ?\nHau Cin Khup : Ka himah hi. Kam Hau’ zaa luah ding takpi mah hi ing.Tua hangin Mikangte’n mi khempeuh tang dingin hong mat uh ahi hi.\nGovernor : Tua ahih leh Chin Hills ah kihtak na nei hiam ?\nHau Cin Khup : Ka nei kei hi. Mikangte hun ma a Chin Hills ah nam le hausate ka pu ` ka pate zawhsa vive ahih manin kihtak ding om lo hi.\nGovernor : Tua bang ahihleh, Zomite khempeuh phatakin na uk zo ding hiam ?\nHau Cin Khup : Pu aw, ka pu ka pate mah bangin ka uk thei ding hi. Kei tang a ding thei ding hausapil tampi om hi.\nHih bang thuteng a dot khit ciangin Governorpa lungkim mahmahin a muang mahmah lel hi. Bangbang ahi zongin a tawp khak nadingin dotna khat a dong lai hi:\nGovernor : Hau Cin Khup aw, leitungah bang na deih pen hiam?\nHau Cin Khup : Eh ! Pu aw, leitungah ka Nu mah ka deih pen hi. Ka nu ka ngai mahmah a, muhkal ka ngaklah mahmah hi. Ka Nu hong musak mengmeng in Pu aw.\nHih banga Hau Cin Khup in a nu itna a gen pen in Governorpa’ lungtang sukha mahmah a, Mikang kumpite gamsungah zong nute itna mah kithusak pen ahih lam a phawk hi. Governor in Hau Cin Khup kiangah,” ken zong leitungah ka Nu mah ka deih penpen hi” a ci hi. Governor in Hau Cin Khup kiangah na Nu simloh a dang bang na deih pen hiam ? ci-in a dong teitei hi. Hau Cin Khup in, “ Pu aw, ka Nu banah Kumpite’n hong phal a a pian theih liaileh, ka pu ka pa thuneihna le a zawhsa uh gam lianpite ka deih hi” a ci hi. Naupang kum 16 a pha pan khat in Ukpi nam hi kei lepawh hih bangin dawng thei lo ding hi,” Governor in a ci hi. Chin Hills buppi Kumpi dingin a piak uhleh, Hau Cin Khup in Tedim gam bek uk nuam ahih dan a hilh hi. Hausa a mat dangte kiangah Governor in a deih pen uh a dong ciat hi. Hausa pawlkhatte in thau a ngen pawl omin, Taih inn a ngen pawl le pawlkhat in sumkuang mawtaw a ngen uh hi. Tua tak ciangin Governor in hausa dangte pen Ukpi/Innpi innsung pan ahih loh lam a tel hi.\nTua lai-ah kha nih taang bang a omsak khit uh ciangin Gin Za Thang leh Hau Cin Khup te laipi khat tuak tawh inn lam a ciahsak uh hi. Gin Za Thang in tua laipi pen Mikangte mat kik nading hi kha ngel ding cih ummawh cinten ahih manin kheisan tunna in na zang ziau hi. A tupa Hau Cin Khup in bel tua laipi na kem khinkhian ahih manin Kumpite’n hong kan kik uh tak ciangin na lak thei pah lian a, Tonzang gam ukna ding laipi na hi giap khong hi. A pu Gin Za Thang in a lai pen hong mat kik nading uh hikhaleh ci-in kheisan tunna-in na zang ziau a, lah ding na kem nawn lo ahih mah bangin ama’ siah kaih nadinga a gelsak sa uh Tuipi gam teng a taan hiau hi. Kum 1891 May 7 ni-in Hau Cin Khup in Kam Hau’ ukpi zaa a ngah hi. Hih bang a pian theihna pen a paneu ahi Tedim Ukpipa Khaw Cin, suan leh pak nei loin si a, a pa Hau Pum lah Hualngo galah si khin ahih manin Sukte ngeina ah nautumpen gamhluah ahih mah bangin Mikang Kumpi’n a ama tungah Ukpi zaa a suan uh hi. Hih banga Mikangte hanga launa, patauhna, diipkuatna leh sihna dong a tuah uh pen Innpipa Kam Hau’ gamh luah ding leh a zaa luah ding a zonna lam uh a thu piang na hi gige khong hi !\nMikang kumpite’n gamsung vaihawmna teng ama khutah a ngak uh ciangin Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup in khua hausate in amah dong kawmin gitloh gamtatna cih loh siah thukhentheihna aana apia hi. Amah huh dingin upa hih anuaia mite a sep hi:\n1. Vung Za Kham Sukte;\n2. Vai Kham Sukte;\n3. Tuang Khaw Thang Sukte\n4. Phut Vum Hatzaw\n5. On Kam Hatzaw\n6. Kham Khaw Lian Hatzaw\n7. Lian Suan Suante\n8. Cin Thawng Bawmkhai\n9. Am Awn Manlun\n10. Go Am Samte\n11. Khat Gin Thawmte\n12. Suan Pum Hautual.\nPau Cin Hau Sukte Mualbem khua in 1888 panin 1902 kikal kum 15 sung tawntung cina-in a kumzawn hi. 1900 kumin mang khat nei-in a mang sungah khauhual khat van le lei kikal ah kikhung a mu hi. Mi khempeuh in tua khauhual lenin a kah uhleh kuamah a kah zo kei hi. Ama’n khukdinin thu ngen a a kahleh vantung a 30 na a tung to hi. A kum kik ciangin Pasian in Pau Cin Hau kiangah mailam hun a na lamdang hong om ding tuamtuamte a muhngei het loh Meileeng, tembaw, sakol tungtuang cihte khamtung gama a muh khak ngei hetloh vive a musak hi. Kum 1902 kumin mang lamdang khat a nei leuleu hi. A mang sungah, Mikangkangte khat pasian tawh a kibang a mu hi. A ma’n laimal pianzia a nei suangtang tawh a kikoihkhawm ciang a laibu a suak lai sim dingin a deih hi. Lai ah gelhgelhin Deputy Commiisiioner, Chin Hills in siktawlai tawh gelhkhia dingin hanthawn a 1931 kumin a thum vei etphatna le a tawpna pen a sunkhia hi. Tua laibul in laimung 21 a nei hi.\nDokhen I cih ciangin tanglai mite galmat samat kidemna ahi hi. Hih in pasal le hausate a hing a gal sunga a kiman le inn a a tenkhoppihte uh pen Dokhen kici hi. Tuhun a Victory Cross a cihte tawh kibang hi. Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup in galmat 5, saipi kisiangset 5, Sainu 2, sahang 5, vompi 10, gamsial 28 le san am tuamtuam 200 a kigawmin 255 a man hi. Hih kidemna a zawh khit ciangin 1914 kumin a galmatte le gamsa matte ai-in ‘Ton’ a kici pawipi khat a kham hi. Hih latung a phuak pah eksam hi:\na) Ciin aw siallum I lawhna sakciang leido\nGual tawh sing bang ten ing e\nb) Laukha tangbang a dam nam maw\nKhuamual ah alva’n khuai bang bawm e\nGalpi masa 1917 in kipan hi. Tua ahih manin Chief Commissioner Sagaing F.O.Fowler Tedim ah January 1917 Fort White ah kithukimna khat bawlin hong pai to hi. Tua lai-ah Sukte le Mikangte in kilemna khat bawlin a banglam a banglam ah kihuhtuah dingin kithukim uh hi. Galpi masa pen Mikang kumpi le Germante nakpi takin kido uh ahih manin Fowler in nasem ding mi 1000 khat kisam cih Hau Cin Khup a zaksak ciangin ama’n zong phek sa-in Tedim gam, Sukte gam le Siyan gam panin hausate Tedim ah asamkhawm hi. CC cihzah sanga tamzaw mi 1300 tak kaikhawmin Training kha 3 Tedim khua ah a neihsak khit ciangin amahmah makai-in hausa 30 tawh May 27, 1917 ni-in Zangkong dong a va kha hi. Britishte War Releif Fund a dingin Rs.1000 le a saihapakte zong kumpite piak beh lai hi. Hih banga a thumanna le a cihtakna hangin KSM(Knight Service Medal)minphatna a pia uh hi. 1893 kumin rifle khat le 1899 kumin thauka khat amahmah a kihut nadingin a kipia hi. Hih teng banah India Viceroy le Governor General in Hau Cin Khup pen Khamtung gam khempeuh a uk dingin thuneihna a pia hi. Ahi zongin ama’n Chin Hills saklam siah teng zong ama’ adingin hun salua ahih manin tua tangin sai a mawkna a a kap theihna ding phalna a ngen zaw hi. British Kumpite’n deih le deihloh thu hi loin Chin Hills le Lushai Hills gam khempeuh ukna ding thuneihna ‘Chin Mingyi’ zong a pia uh hi. Hau Cin Khup in Mikang Kumpite lam tuamtuam ah a kithuahpih manin, minphatna-T.D.M.(Knight Galantry Service conferred a Silver Sword); A.T.M(Knight Good Service Medal) le V.D.( Volunteer Officer of Decoration) a pia uh hi.\nZogal 1919 bei khit ciangin Hau Cin Khup in a ukna khua pen Khuavong panin 1920 kumin Tonzang ah tuah to-in Innpi khat a lam hi. Hih Innpi pen taihinn(pucca building)dawl thum a sang a kilam hi a, Sen(China) innlam siamte lam ngiat ahi hi. Hih lai mun pen thukhenna inn-in a zang uh hi. 1922 kumin a inn lam zo-in a Innpi, a galmat samatte tawh ai khawmin nasiatakin Pawi kham a, khua hausate le upate le a gamsunga mi thupi diakte a sam hi. Hih bang taihinn pen tua hunlai-in kuamah a nei om nai sai lo hi. Sial 25, bawng 75, le nek ding zu kicing piikpeekin a om hi. Innpi ah inn nasem bekbek mi 500 om a, mi 100 amah a kem a don ding omin mihat Tawk Thang’ makaihin mi 300 in Innpi a cing uh hi. Tawk Thang in sialtal pen a kii-ah kiptakin len a, thakhatin a ngawng a heek leh a sipah hi. Khua tuamtuam pana siah le saliang a va puakte in Innpi ah amau inn mah bangin bawlin zingann nitak ann a duh bangbangun a ne uh hi.Thupi salua ahih manin Cin Song a kici Lungthul, Manipur khuami khat in hih la a phuah hi:\na) Lunmang sausuan meel ka muh le\nMuhmawh nuaizin a zal ding sa’ng e;\nb) Muhmawh nuaizin lah zal lo a,\nNgalliam vontawi zang kamkei na heina hi e\nTonglon(P) hausa, Manipur,Pum Za Kham in a tupa Hau Cin Khup a phuah:\na) Na zua nuaizin mang hi aw e\nSawn Mang’ than tungnung aw e\nb) Hautawi na gual beel bang sinna\nNa sau khangngo mei bang e\nHau Cin Khup in a upa vaihawmpihte khentuam deihsak tuam nei het loin uk a, lungnem hithiatin a mite phattuam nading bekbek a sem hi. A mite tung le Mikang Kumpite tungah Hehpihna nei-in thuman mahmah hi. A mah banga ukpi ithuai le deihhuai ukpi piang ngei nawn lo ding hi, kici hi.Mi khempeuh pen ama’ tu le ta bangin a ngaihsun hi. Mi khat in hih bangin la a phuah hi:\na) Namcih huaisiam Lun minthang aw,\nNa vang lumbang sung ing e;\nb) Lungtup thang dawlcial aw e\nPal lawh heisa aw e.\nSaklam Chin Hills gamsung,Tedim gam kici a, mun 3 in kikhen a- Sukte gam, Siyin gam le Kam Hau gam ahi hi. Sukte gam sungah khua 36 om a, Sihzang gam in khua 8 huam a, Kam Hau Sukte gam in khua 485 huam hi.\nKumpite thupiak bangin gam sung khempeuh sung panin siah tuamtuam kikai-in Mikang kumpi tungah aap uh hi.siah kaih thaman tawm khat Innpipa a khen khia zel uh hi. Inn khasana(Hill House Tax) pen dangka peek 3 hi-in peek 2 kumpite in la-in peek 1 pen Ukpite in tang hi. Hih a kikhon sumte tawh kumpite in gamsung khantohna dingin zang a, lamlian lamneu, lei le sanginn lamna-in kizang phadiak hi. Innpipa in khua tengah Mangbuk(Mikang Uliante zinbuk) le Buzung(giahbuk) lam dingin thu zasak a, amah le a vaihawmpihte a zin ciangun Buzungah giakin an a ne uh hi. Khua kiim khua pamte kiangah khua khat le khat kikawmnate Jeep tai theihna dingin to dingin thu a pia hi. Nasep a zawh ciangun Kum 3 halta-in a gamsunga khuate vehin zin kawikawi a, a mite haksatna a kan khia hi. Gamsung ah daihna piang a mipite lung nuam takin teng uh ahih manin gal launa zong a bei hi. Khual a zin ciangin khua mite in lawptakin na vaidawnin a gam lapi khuasung lutna kong bulah a sak khum zelzel uh hi:\na) Limbelh Mang hong zing zin e\nThangkai gualnu a lai-ah phualva dung sun e\nb) Phualva dungsun liimbelh Mang,\nKhaubang a ciah ding ka ngai e.\nUkpipa Hau Cin Khup hun sunga Thupiang Pawlkhat:\na. Chin Hills sunga zat ding “ Chin Hills Regulation Act 1896” kici piang hi.\nb. Gamsungah gal le sa launa bei-in daihna piang hi.\nc. Khua khat le khua khat kikawmna lampi le sanginn kiphuan hi.\nd. Tedim gamsungah teklei tawh a kilam inn a nei masa penpen ahi hi.\ne. 1925 kumin Tedim Zatopi huang sungah zato lumte’ tanaute omna ding khawlbuk a lamsak hi.\nf. Khuatengah zinbuk le Maangbuk a lamsak hi.\nHong uk Mikang kumpi ulian tuamtuamte tung panin kumpite tungah a ` thumanna le a cihtakna hangin Pahtakna Lai a hunhunin a ngah den hi.\nUkpipa Hau Cin Khup kumzawnin sawtpi lupna a ngak hi. September 10, 1934 zingsang nai 7 hun lianin a it a zi a tate le a khuapih le a gam mite nusia-in a leitung nuntakna a bei hi. Amah mi kician, hehpihna hau le mi pil mahmah khat ahih manin hausate le upate Tonzang innpi-ah hong paikhawmin si sunin sunthapai zanthapai a om uh hi. Nisimin ganhing tampi go-in ne-in dawnin a om uh hi. Sukte ngeina bangin kha 7 a luang a koih khit uh ciangin a vui ni dingin sial 75, lawi 11, bawng 17, sakol 2 a kigawmin 105 kuasahin a go uh hi. Khua hausate, upate le mi poimawh tuamtuam samkhawmin nitak lam nai 3 in Upate in a luang pua-in hanah a paipih uh hi. Hanah Ukpipa Pum Za Mnag in a thau lawn masa-in tua khit ciangin hausate, upate le midangte in amau thau tek a lawn uh hi. Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup a sih a kipan a sakol le a ui a sun a zanin kap den le ham denin ann le tui zong ginatakin ne lo dawn lo-in a om uh hi. Bah le ngui a a om pen Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in lunghimawh le hehpihhuaisa ahih manin a nih-un kaplumin a pa tawh a vui khawm hi.\nInnpipa Hau Cin Khup le Ciin Za Niang’ tapa upapen Pum Za Mang Khaw Vong(Tonzang) khua ah 1894 kumin a suak hi. A pa Hau Cin Khup in pilna lamsang thupi ngaihsut ahih manin kum 11 a phakin Tedim sanginn ah a kahsak hi. Kawllai le Manglai tawh pawl 4 a zo hi. 1912 kumin Sagaing High School ah kahin pawl VII Kawllai le Manglai 1915 kumin a zo hi. A pa nasepna a huh kul ahih manin laisim khawlsan a, 1917 kumin Thangkhal hausa ahi Za Tual tanu nihna Cing Khaw Lian tawh kitengin ahi zongin a kumkik ciangin ta nei man lo-in a zi in a sihsan hi. Zogal a then kuan 1920 kumin Guite hausa minthang penpen a kigen Manipur a om Kangkap hausa Mang Cin Lian, tanu Ciin Khaw Man tawh a kiteng hi. Ciin Khaw Man in Tozang manawh ding a a paidek kuanin a nulepa, a lawm a gual leh khuapihte ngai mahmah ahih manin hih la a phuak hi:\na) Simgam heisa’n a va leen hong zil ing e,\nb) Vangla ka manawh ding aw na nem aw !\nc) Sen angkawi ding khangsum bang ka nial lo e,\nd) Sawmkholh gual le zua liim ngai ing e\nUkpite khual a zin ciangun sakol tungah tuangin a zin leng uh hi. Ciin Khaw Man pen sakol tung tuang ngei lo ahih manin taalin a zawng uh hi. Tonzang Innpi a tuntak teh khuakiim khuapaam hausate, upate le khua mipite in nasiatakin na vaidawn uh hi. A gam mite Innpinu en-in kha 7 sung hun a bei zo hi. Innpinu in Guite le Sukte vangliatna hih bangin la a phuak hi:\na) Hong en ve vua hong en ve vua\nLuntawi phualngo hi’ng e\nb) Luntawi phualngo hing aw e\nNi nuai’ dot Lunmang hi’ng e\nUkpipa Hau Cin Khup a kum tamin cidam thei lo ahih manin thuneihna a tapa Pum Za Mang’ tungah suan nuam ahih manin W.R.HEAD, Deputy Commissioner,Chin Hills District kiangah ngetna a khia hi. Tuamah bangin kumpite’n phalna pia-in Pum Za Mang kum 32 a phak laitakin Ukpi zaa a len hi. A pa nung sawtpi zui khinsa ahih manin vaihawmna ah bangmah haksatna a nei kei hi. A pa mah bangin hehpihna nei-in a mite tungah a thudik a thuman mahmah hi.\nPum Za Mang in kum 7 sung ukpi a sep khit 19th January 1933 ni-in a pi Tel Ciin a teeksih hi. A pa Hau Cin Khup dah lua mahmah ahih manin a kapkhia zuaizuai tangial hi. June ni 1, 1933 ni-in Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in Sial 52, lawi 10, bawng 11 le laa 2 tawh a pi kuasah a go hi. Thau nei tengin thau lawnin Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup le a tapa Ukpi Pum Za Mang in maakai-in taal ah zawngin Sukte hanah a vui uh hi. Hih hunah Tonglawn, Manipur a om a pute zong Pum Za Kham’ makaih in pawlkhat a va kihel uh hi.\nUkpipa Hau Cin Khup’ sihzawh ciangin khua hausate in saliang tangseu a lakte uh beisak ding banah a siah kaihkhopte uh Ukpite piak vek ding cih thu Governor General in Council in December 10, 1934 ni-in Order a suah hi. Hausate in Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in kumpite tungah a va gen hi ding hi, ci-in muangmawh cinten uh ahih manin thu a bawl niloh uh hi. Hih thu tawh kisai-in May 12, 1937 ni-in Pum Za Mang , Lai-atpi Vung Za kham le Lam Lal Rangoon a va pha uh hi. Governor General tawh sawtpi a kiho khit ciangun Governor General in ka thusuah sa pen bel kidok kik thei lo ahih ciangin hih a kiam na hangin Ukpite in kumsimin dangka Rs.2000/- ngah ding hi, a ci hi. Lugdamtakin inn hongciah toh lamun sa beng uh a, Sangai khat a man uh hi. August 5, 1937 ni-in inn hong tung uh hi. Dangka 2000 le a sangai mat tungah Pawi lianpi khat khamin sial 75, bawng 50 le keel 100 go-in hausate, upate le mi poimawh tuamtuam a sam khawm hi. Ukpi zaa a luah nung pawi a kham a khatveina hi a, A pa Hau Cin Khup KSM;ATM,TDM,VD mualsuang, Mangkam le Zokam a kigelh, a phut hi. Hih pawi sungah zu le sa nene-in nuamsa-in a lungkhamna uh le a haksatnate uh a mangngilh zo uh hi. Paunak khat in, ‘sakhi a pi san a no san’ a cih bangin Pum Za Mang pen laipil khat ahih manin a pu a pate mah bangin vaihawm na siamin a mite tungah hehpihna le thumanna a nei hi. 1936 kumin a vaihawm siam man leh kumpi tungah a thuman manin Governor-General in Council in ATM minphatna a pia uh hi.Ukpi a suah khit kum 15 a cin ni April 14, 1914 ni-in ngeina bangin Pum Za mang in TONG a, a zi le a tanu tapate tawh kimin sial 49 go-in hausate le upate mai-ah Chin Hills a thuneipen ahihna a lak hi.\nJapan gal hong nai ahih manin Mikang kumpite in gal nan’na dingin Tedim road(Tedim Lamlianpi) Imphal panin Cikha, Buanli mualdung, Tuithang banah Tedim dong sial dingin a gel uh hi. Lamdawt pen dingin a ngaihsun uh hi. Ahi zongin Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in Cikha, Nakzang, Tonzang pan Tedim su dingin dingin a gen ciangin Tedim a SDO le Executive Engenner(EE)te in a thukimpih uh hi. Nasepna pen Ukpipa tungah vaipuak a ap uh hi. Mihing nasem ding Kam Hau gam pan 7000, Sukte gam pan 400 le Siyan gam panin 480 a kigawmin 7480 a kaikhawm hi. Nasep pen November 26, 1942 kumin a kipan hi. Ukpipa in nasep zawh hun ding EE tunga a kamciam bang teekteekin July 24, 1943 ni-in a zo uh hi.Tedim lamlianpi bawlna tungah Ukpipa Pum Za Mang a cihtakna le a nasep hoih pahtakna le theihpihna- in India Viceroy le Governor-General in KSM(Knight Service Medal) Civil mi tunga Award sangpen a pia hi. Hih KSM minphatna a aih ni-in Mikang Uliante, India Uliante, Chin Uliante, Hausate le upate a kongtual dimin a kikhawm uh hi. Tua ni pen mi khempeuh lungdamin ne-in dawnin a lamlam uh hi. Ukpipa in a kongtual a tuang tungah Mikang uliante a muh tak ciangin hih la a phuak hi:\na) Pahtang cialdawh tam tungah e\nMeelmak phualngo lam bang e\nb) Ni bang el te’n na za nam aw\nNa sinlai a zuang nam aw e.\nJapan gal(II world War) kipanin Japante’ Commissioner Lt. General Inada makaihin Kawlpi ah phual hong sat to uh hi. Japante gup ding tawh kisai-in Chin Uliante le Galkap uliante kikumin thukimna a la uh hi. Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in Catholic Siampi Sya Tun Yin kamtai sawlin hih thusun lite Japante kiangah a piasak hi:\n1. Japante in Myitkyina Batallion, Burma rifle sunga omChin galkapte le battalion khat peuh unga a omte thunung thuma om loin khah khiat ding.\n2. Japante in Chinte pasal hi-in numei naupang hitaleh zong thulian hang ahih kei buangleh bawlsiat loh ding.\n3. Gal sunga misite, van siate leh inn siate khempeuh Japante in zangnadopna a piak ding.\n4. Japante in Mikang kumpite khut sung panin India suahtakna a nghapih khit ciangin Chin Hills zong suahtakna a piak ding cihte ahi hi.\nHih a tunga thute Japan Kumpi in zong thukimin Zomi thongkiate khempeuh tua khasung mahin a khahkhia pah uh hi. Zomi galkap Myitkyina battalion le Burma rifles sunga omte khempeuh thunung thuma om lo dingin khahkhia a, Burma saklam le khanglam a om Japante huh dingin le a innkuanpihte tawh kimu dingin a paisak uh hi.Panglong Coference a khatveina 1946 March kha-in Ukpi Pum Za mang zong a va kihel hi.\nUkpi Pum Za mang’ hun sunga thupiangte:\n1. Japan gal omin gamsung buai kipan hi.\n2. Tedim Lamlianpi kisial hi.\nInnpipa Pum Za Mang in ,“Pu aw, kei la khat hong phuah dih in,” ci a, ama’n zong Pum Za Mang pen naungek nawi ne laipi mah, a nu in a sihsan ahih manin dam zo ding a kingaihsun lo kim lai, cidamin hong khangkhia a, a lungdamna thu la-in a phuah hi:\na) Tun ang nunkhum na luaih bansam\nAlbang na mang ding sa’ng.\nb) Tultuk suan bang hong meng nawn e\nGual aw laambang pak ni.\nUkpipa in , “Pu aw, innkong bang a i salu suanteng, i saiha teng leh i innteeng teng tawh la khat mah hong phuah lai dih in maw,” a cih teh ama’n hih la a phuah kik leuleu hi:\na) Hautawi na gual beel bang si’n na’n\nSau khang ngomeii bang.\nb) Zin’ khawi sangmang na lak tawh\nLai na hen tawh son Mang kawlni suak bang.\nPum Za Kham in a galmat Tonzang Innpi a tutna tawh kisai-in a ni Tel Ciin’ pasal a gang Hau Pum 1876 kumin Hualngo gala a sihteh heh lua mahmah a, ni khat a gal benna lamah mi nih (sumbawl hih tuak) khualzin gammang a kikoko lai va manin a khibah leh a sum puak teng uh tawh galmatin Innpite va puak liitleet a, tua pen a gang’ phu a lakna leh a ni a hehnepna in hih la a phuah hi:\na) Ka zua’ laizom theisen ninu\nGultui lunmang in bia’ng.\nb) Do vontawi leh bahkhi puan bang ka thuah\nLun aw na tongnem nam aw.\nAkhiatna: Ukpipa a u Hau Cin Khup vaihawm na siam a, tua in a minthangsak hi; thusia thupha a tunna a Ni a kohna hi.(Pi Tel Ciin pen January 19, 1933 kumin a si hi).\n1. Hatzaw Beh Laibu – 1970 Edition\n2. Vaphual Magazine Vol.II. 2004\n3. Rev. Thuam Go Am, Guite& Zomi Tangthu, 2014\n4. Col. Khen Za Moong, Tedim pan Zangkong, 1995\n5. Dr. Tualchin Neihsial, Guite Kuala Lutna, 2008\n6. ZOLUS Journal No.13,17,19 le ZOLUS No.19, 2016\n7. T.Gin Than Thang & Paoneikhai Suantak, Tributary Hill Polity, 2015\n8. Gulpi samnei a kaplum Tonglawn(P) hausa Pum Za Kham Hatzaw tangthu le A Late\n9. Pu Sukzo’ ta Bawmkhai beh Suksak beh leh Pualte behte’ Tunga Thu Zaksakna. Beh Thukan Committee, 2013\nLaigelh Siapa in Zomi eLibrary/laibusaal aiding in Phalna hong piak baanah hong khak ahi hi.\nItem Reviewed: INDIA KIPHELKHAP MA HUNA SUKTE UKPITE TANGTHU (1730 – 1948) Agelh ~ H. Pau Za Cin, MES Description: Rating: 5 Reviewed By: Cinpu Zomi


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url: =Laisin nuam ngaungau naupang ~ Khup Khen Thang :: ZOMI DAILY\nposted on 2 August 2020 at 12:50 pm Lomkholna: Article, Khupkhenthang\nLaisin nuam ngaungau naupang ~ Sia Khup Khen Thang\nIndia gam Bombay khuapi pua lam, mizawng te omna veng khatah, azawng mahmah innkuan khat bukno sungah teng uh hi. Hih innkuan sungah apa, anu leh kum 5 apha tapa tawh thumpha uh hi. Apa in khedap khui in anu in lam gei a thawlhawm, bunghawm te khawm in sai ah zuak kik in hi bang tawh hong kivak uh hi. Anupa uh nasep ahanciammahmah uh hangin nekding nangawn kicing zo mahmah lo uh hi.\nAtapa un ama khangual naupang te sangkah amuh teh sangkah nop cihtak kahnuam hi. Ahizongin anu leh pate in sangkah sak zolo ding cih theih ahihmanin anu leh pa kiangah sangkah ding ngenngamlo hi. Ahizongin nikhat anu leh pa kiangah tanlang laibu hong leisak tapeuh un ci-in ngen hi. Ahizongin anute’n leisak zolo bektham lo-in hih laibu te nasim hangin sum ngahna ding lah hilo cih behlai uhhi. Napa khedap khuina ah zui-in ci’n anu in sawl hi.\nHih naupang in sangkah in pilsin nopna pen ngimna khat aneih man ahihi. Pilna neileng, kanu leh kapa, tu a bangin gimlo ding, ken nuamtakin vakzo ding cih ngimna ahihi.\nNaupangpa in laisin nuam lua ahih manin anu te’ theihloh kal in bunghawm, thawlhawm khawm in angah sum tawh tanlang leh tankhat laibuluite honglei hi. Amah leh amah laisim lai-at kisin, lot ngah kisin hi. Hi bang teng tawh lai-at hong at thei, hong sim thei pian ta hi. Sang akah loh hangin tanlang, tankhat sangnaupang te mah bangin lai hongthei hi.\nNitak khat anu lehh pa omlohkal in mei-awi kawm in lai asim leh ihmusuak kha hi. Tua leh apa in alaibu te mu in han-gawp a, alaibu te meikhuk ah khul sak hi. Azingciang akipan apa khedap khuina ah zui in khedap khui kisin ding ci-in gen hi. Apa khedap khuina ah zui in khedap khui uh a, tawmvei atawlngak ding sung uh, vakkhia in lamgei singkuang nuaikhat ah hongkap hi.\nAgei lampi ah paikhat in akah na aw azak ciangin banghang kapna hia ci in dong hi. Tua adong pa pen sang siapi khat na hihi. Tua leh naupang pa in athu teng gen hi. Siapi pa in zong aut takpi mah hiam ci in tanlang, tankhat lai te adot teh sangkah ngeilo himah ta leh avek in thei hi. Siapipa in lamdangsa in ahanciamna thupi samahmah hi. Asangah sam in sangnau in sang hi.\nNaupang pa zong nitak teh inn ciahkik in anu leh pa kiangah ken zingciang a kipan in thawlhawm, bunghawm khawm in sum zong ning ci in honggen hi. Anu te’n zong sangkah nuam nawnlo in sum zong ning ci ahih teh ci-in nuam mah mah uh hi. Naupang pa nisim sangkah in siapipa in zong, sun an man ding sum tawm ta pia den hi. Nitak sang atuah ciangin siapi pa sumpiak pen anu te hong ap in ka bunghawm, thawlhawm zonna pan kangah sum hi ci-in nisim sumpia den ahih manin anute lungkim mah mah uh hi.\nLaihanciam in laivuanna ah akhatna ngah to den in laipil te kipia scholarship hong ngah toto hi. Tansawm pen mat-hoih tawh gualzawhna ngah ahih manin siapi pa in zong college kahna ding sponsor hong zonsak in college kah ding hong hita hi. Tua takciangin siapipa in anu te kiangah na tapa uh college kahta ding hi cih ave gen ciangin um zolo zahdongin lamdang sa in nuam mahmah uh hi.\nAtom in gen le hang, naupangpa in computer sangkah in computer engineer hong suak hi. Computer lam lunglut mahmah a hih manin software khat hong bawl khia hi. Amah ahuh den siapipa in hih software amuh ciangin hoih sa ahih manin company lian khat kiangah lak hi. Company te’n zong, hoih sa uh a, dollar tulsawm nga tawh lei bek thamlo in company ah nasep pia in software engineer in koih uh a, khasum hoih mahma hong sang hi. A neu tung pan angimna om mah bangin inn hoih mah mah khat lei in anu leh pa om sak a, angimna hong tangtun takpi hi.\nMi pawlkhat pen nulepa te in sumtampi bei in sang akah sak uh hangin laisin nuam lo mi tampi tak om hi. Tua bang mite in hih naupang pa nuntakna en in thala ciat ni. Topa’n khangno te pilna kuitung angah dingin thupha hong pia tahen! Amen. Khazih Sungah, Sia Khup Khen Thang (Yangon)\nPrevious: Zomi te nuntak nading ~ Lianpu\nNext: Thuhilhkhial Syate gen theih zel thu 13


url: =Lai sim manphatna ~ T. Sawm Lian :: ZOMI DAILY\nposted on 25 September 2016 at 7:45 am UTC+9:30 Lomkholna: Article, Education, Sawmlian\nThupatna: ‘Lai sim’ i cih ciangin sanginn a laisimna leh sanginn pua lama laisimna ciin lompi nihin kikhen thei ding hi. Sanginn a laisimna leh a pua lama laisimna ah zong lunggulh, lamet, theihnop, simnop leh simzia banah, a lai mahmah zong thuthak, thului, tangthu-tuanthu, simleivai, sumbawlna, tangthu phuahtawm, adgte. cih bangin a nam tuamtuam om sawnsawn lai ding hi. Tuate tampi suut ka sawm kei a, hih thului ‘Lai sim manphatna’ cih sungah sanginn pua lama laisimna lam, mi khempeuh a huam thei dingin’ , ‘Lai i cih tawh kisai, a kisim thei lai leh laibu hoih leh hoih lo, laibu hoih sim a manphatna leh gentehna pawlkhat tawh lai sim manphatna kikum leng ka ci hi.\nLai I Cih Bang?\nZomite in ‘lai’ i cih ziau pen Mikang kama ‘written literature’ a cih uh tawh kibang dingin ka ngaihsun hi. Lai cih kammal a kizat nak leh a gen lam sangin a gelh lam mah a gennop hi leh kilawm hi. Lai kici pen (a kigelh) thu leh la ciin kikhen thei ding a, ‘thu’ leh ‘la’ sungah a hiang tampi in kikhensuk diudeu hi. Ahi zongin tuate pen i gennop hi masa lo a, thu ahi a, la ahi zongin, sim theih ding a kigelhkia pen i gennop leh, lai sim i cih ciangin tua a kigelhkhia thu leh late i gennop ahi cih thei masa leng hoih ding hi. Tua lai kici pen, laimalbulte (alphabets) khiatna (meaning) nei ding a kilem, deihna leh tupna khatpeuh nei a kilemkhawm a kigelhkhia ahi hi. Cihnopna ah lai kici pen thu hiin la hita leh, a phuak/gelhte in a simte tungah pulaknop, hilhnop, theisaknop, sinsak leh lamlahnop a neihte uh a kigelhna ahi hi.\nLai Sim Ding Hoih leh Hoih Lo\nLai kici, thu leh late pen a hoih leh hoih lo om hi. A gelhte in a simte tungah theihsaknop, hilhnop, sinsaknop, pulaknop, leh lahkhiatnop nei a gen, a sak, a gelhkhiat uh ahi hi. Tua bang kawmkalah, tua a gelhte in a tup leh ngiim uh pen a simte adingin hoih mah hiam, cih pen ngaihsut ding thupi a, nisim nuntakna, laisimna, sumbawlna, upna, nasep tuamtuam a buaisak leh a nawngkaisak thei thu zong om veve hi. Lai kigelh pawlkhat bang gam leh minam adingin a hoih lo ahih manin kumpite in mipite khut sung a tunlohna dingin vaihawm thei uh a, a laibu zuakkhia thei lo ding khawng, website et theihloh ding khawngin dal (ban/block) bang zong nei zel uh hi.\nLeitung mihingte lakah Pasian a umlote nangawn in zong up khat, ‘Pasian om lo hi’ cih upna nei uh hi. Tua bang mite in zong lai sim theih ding tampi gelh uh a, tua tawh mi zawh sawm mahmah uh hi. Satanpawlte (Satanics) nangawnin zong amau laibu tuam nei uh a, tua a sim kha mite tua laibu tawh zawh sawm uh hi. Tua bang leitungah teeng mawk i hih manin i kiim i kiangah lai sim ding a hoih leh hoih lo in hong ngak ziahzuah hi. Tua bang lakah, a diakin thu-ummite (Khristiante) pilvanhuai mahmah hi. Lai gelh leh laibu hoih lo simna hangin upna dik lo, upna maan lo a nei, Lai Siangtho tawh a kituak lo leh thudik-thumaan pan pial mi tampi om ta hi. Tua ahih manin, lai sim manphatna i gen laitakin, laibu hoih sim manpha ahi cih i genna hi a, lai hoih lo, laibu hoih lo sim ding a kihanthawn hi zenzen lo hi hang.\nKumpi Solomon in, laibu bawl ding hanthotna thu a genkhit ciangin, “lai tam sim luatna in pumpi gimsak hi” ciin gen hi (Thna 12:12). Hih laiah bang hangin kumpi Solomon in laibu bawl, lai gelh a hoihna gen napi a lai tam sim luat pen pumpi gimsak hi, ci hiam, cih pen ngaihsuthuai hi. I gensa mah bangin lai simna in lungsim, ngaihsutna leh pumpi tungah na nakpi takin sem a, laibu hoih in a simte tungah zatkhiat ding pilna tampi guanin, laibu hoih lo simna in zong lungkhamna leh a hoih lo ngaihsutna hong guan thei ahih manin lai sim ding (a thu) a hoih lote zong sim gawpgawp lo dingin hong hanthawn hi kha ding hi. Lai tam sim limlim hoih a sa lo lam sangin, laibu hoih lo, i nuntakna hong buaisak leh lampi maan/dik pan hong pialsak thei ding, ngaihsutna hoih lo hong guan thei dingte sim lo dingin hong hanthawn hi leh kilawmzaw hi.\nLai Sim Manphatna\nKum 2012 June kha a “Zolai Khantoh Nading” cih thului ka gelhna sungah, lai sim a manphatna leh lai sim a kisapzia bangzah hiam ka gelh hi. Tuate siksanin…\nKhuai in paak leh khaite a bop ciangin ama tupna/sawmna hang hi het loin khaici/paakci (seeds) a piansak mah bangin, lai simna in pilna, thutheihna, leh ngaihsutna zaizaw tawh kithuah pilna hawmzak a, a simte lamet zah sanga tamzaw pilna guan hi. Lai, sim theih ding a kibawl/kigelh sungah leitung pilna-siamna, thu laigil, mite tuah thute pan sin theih ding pilna, leh thu manpha khempeuh omkhin hi. Tua pen nak tel lua mahmah ahih min kum 130 BC kiim a mipil Mascus Tulius Cicero in, “Laibu omlohna khaan (room) pen kha (soul) a nei lo pumpi bang bek hi” ci zen hi.\nLai simna in mihaite pilsakin, a gilo mite bawlhoih a, mi hoihte a hoihzawk sem nadingin makaih-in, lungsim suakta sakin ngaihsutna thak hong guan thei hi. Ei leh ei kitheihtelna, mite nuntakzia theihna, mite ngaihsutna leh mite pilna thu theihna, gamvai, minam vai, sumzon-paizonna, tangthu-tuanthu, leh Pasian thu nangawn ei guakin i theihloh ding tampi lai simna tungtawnin theihna kingah thei hi. Lai tam a simte in tam a sim semsem uh leh a manphatna thei semsem uh a, a tamzaw sem simin tua in pilna pia thuahthuah hi. Tua thu a theician American mipil leh minthang Thomas Jefferson in, “Laibu om loin nungta thei ke’ng” ci zawzen hi.\nMikangte in, “Leaders are the readers” cih khat nei uh hi. Makai hoih taktak dingin lai a simsimte, makai a sep khit ciang zong a simsim laite, pilna thu deih-a tua pilna thu a kigelhna lai tawh a kilawi ngei lo, khantohna leh leitung khuahun tawh a khangto khawm thei ding a lai a sim mite pen makai hoih a kigen hi hamtang uh hi. Tua banah, makaite makaih siamna ding pilna leh theihna, lungsim tangzai leh mite theihsiamna, mite thuzawhna ding leh a hun leh mun, a mi leh a gam tawh kituak a thudik leh thumaan tawh a kalsuan thei dingin lai simna mah pan makaite in pilna leh thutheihna ngah thei hi. Tua ahih manin nidang a lai sim ngei lo leh a kisapna a thei lo phial ahi zongin mi khatpeuh makai dinmun-a a din khak zenzen leh zong lai simin, mite a makaih theihna ding a hoihzaw lampi zong hamtang ding hi.\nLai simna tungtawnin pau le ham lamah khantohna kingah thei hi. Lai simna in theih ngeiloh kammal leh thuluazia kilawm hong theisak thei hi. Pau leh ham bang a kisin tawm vive, a siam khin om tuan lo mihingte kihi ahih manin ei pau mahmah tawh a kigelhte-ah zong theihbehlap ding tampi om a, minamdangte lai simna tungtawnin zong a tamzaw sem minamdang pau mahmah zong kitheihbeh hi.\nLai sim manphatna a theician mahmahte lakah Japante zong kihel kha ding hi. Siatna lianpipi-in a gam uh a nawknawk hangin leitungah a penpen gam hi thei mawk uh hi. Social media tungtawn ka muh lim (statue) khat, kibuukna-ah naupang neu khat leh laibu li(4) om pen, picing, thagol mahmah laibu khat (1) a tawi sang a gikzaw danin lai (sim) manphatna a lak thei ding bawl uh hi. A hilhcianna-ah, “A statue in Japan where your age isn’t the measure of wisdom, but rather the awareness and knowledge you have…” kici hi. Hici bang tawh kipan tah-in, pilna-siamna, thutheihna pen kum tawm leh tam thu hi khin lo ahihna theician uh ahih manin Japan mite in simsim, sinsin, semsem uh ahih manin a gam uh a khangto hi lel hi.\nLai in Mihing Lungsim A Zawhdan\nA manphatna a thu bek gengen leng pawlkhat adingin theisiam haksa thei ahih manin a kiciatzawk sem ding lametna tawh a manphatpih leh lai simna hang a phattuamna leh kikheelna om pawlkhat en dih ni.\nAmerica gama gamsung kidona, silate in suahtakna a ngahna ding a kidona lianpi (April 12, 1861 – May 9, 1865) a pianna hang lianpite lakah kum 1852 a Harriet Beecher Stowe in a gelh, “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” kici tangthu kihel hi, kici hi. “Harriet Beecher Stowe Center” kici website sunga thului khat, ‘Impact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Slavery, and the Civil War’ kici sungah, Abraham Lincoln in Harriet Beecher Stowe kiangah kum 1862 in, “‘So, you’re the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war’ ci hi” ciin kigelh hi. Tangthu phuaktawm maw a piang taktak cih a kithei lian lo hih Uncle Tom’s Cabin kici laibu leh American Civil War in kizopna lianpi nei mawk hi.\nKarl Marx (1818 – 1881) in a laibu gelh khat ‘Communist Bible’ a kici liang “Das Capital,” mi tampi in a lei zawhna ding ngimna tawh man tawmcik a kizuak pen mi tampi in lei-in sim uh a, tua laibu a simna uh hangin mi tampi in communist thu-upte zui uh a, tuhun ciang leitungah mi tampi in hih communist upna nei uh hi.\nEngland gama om, thu leh la lama mi siam William Shakespeare hangin Mikang kumpite in gam lianpi uk zo uh kici hi. College ka kah laiin ka siapa un a gen (a piang taktak maw, lai manphatna a genna cih ka theihcian lianloh) ka bil a mangmawh pen, “Khatvei London khualai a London papite kamkupna khatah, ‘India hauhna maw manpha William Shakespeare?’ ciin kamkum uh a, Shakespeare hang a India gam hauhna khempeuh nei thei uh ahihna thu tawh, Shakespeare manphazaw hi, ciin kamkum uh hi,” ci hi. Mikangte hizah a leitung uk a, gammial nasepna lam nangawnah zong a madawk mahmah minam ahihna uh pen lai lam a thupingaihsutna uh hang leh, lai simin pilna khuampi kip takin a lamna hang uh hi lel hi.\nMizote hizah a Zosuante laka madawk-a a om theihna uh pen lai hang mah ahi hi. Kum 1940 kiim khawng a la phuak leh lai gelh siamte in, “Mizo hi hang i meel zong hoih” “Galkhat lamah pilna-siamna sinin kuan khia ni” “Zotlang gam nuam” “A hangsan Mizote, a phattuamngai (tlawmngai) Mizote…” ciin na gelhgelh, na sasa, na simsim uh a, tuhun ciang zong laibu bawlin, simsim uh ahih manin minam itna leh kalsuanzia ding kilawm thei zawdeuh uh a, minam itna leh kalsuanna khatpeuh pen Zosuante sungah zong a madawk in pang thei pah uh hi.\nKum 1856-1859 a tuhuna Mizoram sunga sim leh mal kidona pen la khat hang hi, kici a, a minthang vangvang French Revolution hong piankhiatnate laka zong Daniel Defoe in a gelh “Robinson Crusoe” kici laibu pan kipan French philosopher minthang Rousseaute pawl thu leh la in na mipi lungsim-ah na lianpi a sepna hang zong hi, ciin kigen hi.\nLaibu leh thu tuamtuam genlohin Khristiante kingakna Lai Siangtho en pak lehang zong kitel mahmah hi. Lai Siangtho om kei hen la, kuama’n Lai Siangtho sim loin, Jesu, Nungzuipite, Sawltak Paul leh thu-um masate gen leh sep thute leh kalsuanzia pen sim ding om kei mawk leh, tuhun a Khristian kicite bang ciang i tung diam? Khristian kici napi in upna, kalsuanzia, Khristianna mahmah bangci bangin a kilamdang ding hiam? Laibu khat zang khawm, sim khawm sung panin zong hizah a ngaihsutna kibang lo piang thei ahih leh sim ding om lo ahih kei leh sim ngei vet kei lehang bang i suak zen tam?\nLai simna lamah Zomite i thanemna pen gen tam kul loin i theih ciat ahi hi. “Thanem hang” ciin mainawt sawm tuan lo, thahat sawm tuan lo i hih manin mi nungah kawi paipai hi hang. I laibu neihte sim taak lo maw, lai gelhte in mipite sim nop ding gelh lo; ahih kei leh gelh napi in mipite mahmahin sim nuam lo, a sim nuam tawm lua ahih manin gelh thanuam zo lo maw, sum tampi beiin laibu bawl pen supna hi lel ciin laibu bawl zo lo maw? cih bang zong dotna lianpi om thei ding hi.\nLaibu sim theih ding a bawl a om sunsun ciangin zong lei ding a tuat lo pawl, a lei sunsunte in zong hehpihna dana kingaihsun, maitang zahtak dan peuh a lei khawng hizawmah lai, a lei pawlkhatte in lah a sim mah uh diam, cih hi lai… Tuaci bang dinmun ah om i hih manin Kawlgam-Vaigama om Zomite pen Pasian thu hi-in, leitung thu hi leh i theihna pen dau zawdeuh pah tawh kibang a, i khuatang nuntakzia, i kampauzia, i khuahekzia leh i deih leh ngaihsutna pen lai a tamsimzaw mite tawh kilamdang zek pah hi. Lai a tam sim lo tata bang a kipilsak tata in pang zawmah lai!\nNa manpha dangte mah bangin lai sim pen manpha lua mahmah ahih manin haksa hi. Ngaihsun mah ve, leitungah ‘manpha mah si e,’ na cih nate pen baih taka neih thei leh ngah theih hi khol lo ding hi. Lamdawt tawn a, thumaan lo leh thudik lo tawh kalsuan a neih/ngah theih bel om kha ven cin, ahi zong tua bangte pen kho lo ding hi. “Paulap i bawl leh bei hun nei ngei lo” cih bangin, cidamlohna, hun nei lo, lai sim ding om lo, ciamteh thei lo, ihmut suak pahpah, adgte. cih peuh paulap bawlbawl loin, a manpha mahmah lai simna ii manphatna thei-in, khantohna dingin lai sim a uk semsem leh, lai sim a lunglut ngiat minam i suak ding i kideihsak hi. T. Sawm Lian (Daihna Cabin)\nPrevious: GZA, Zomi Maikai le Kipumkhatna ~ Zam Thuam\nNext: IS te’n British te vanleng kapsak ~ Thang Khan Lian


url: =Akhetung dimin Cocaine pua in US gamsung alutpihsawm khat JFK Airport ah kiman ~ ZD :: ZOMI DAILY\nposted on 18 March 2017 at 6:29 pm Lomkholna: News, Sawltak, USA, World\nDominican Republic gampan in US gamsung ah Cocaine vankham guklutpih sawmin akhe tungah Tape tawh matcip in aselsim pasal khat vanlengtual ah kiman veve cih Daily Mail pan kiza hi. Dominican Republic gam lampan in kitheilo himahleh US gamsung alutkhit New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport panin aki mukhia ahihi.\nAkhe langnih tungah Cocaine vankham pen Tape vive tawh belhcip in apuak hi a, Cocaine avekpi in agihna pen 5 pound phading ci a, asumin US Dollar $83,000 manneiding kici hi. Hih Cocaine vankham apuapa minpen Mayobanex Ruiz Gomez kici a, Dominican Republic gammi khat ahihi.\nTukha kipatcillam inzong hihbangdanlian in US gamsung ah vankham aguk lutpihsawm khat kimankhia ngeikhin hi.\nTua akimanpa pen US Citizen khat hi a, aminpen Juan Carlos Galan Luperon ahihi. Dominican Republic gam mahah ahawh hi in, US gamsung aciahkik lamciangin akhetung ah Cocaine vankham honpikhat hencip in guklutpihsawm hi.\nTuapa hunlai in apuakpen Cocaine bekbek 10 pound bangpha ci a, asumin akituat ciangin US Dollar $164,000 bang neiding ci uhhi.\nRelated: USA ah khangno khatin anu a ngawng tansak in innmai ah alu vakkhiatpih ~ ZD\nThunei te’n hih mi 2 te kizopna aomleh omlohpen genkhiatna neilo uhhi. ZD Sawltak #zomidaily\nPrevious: US gamsung ah aguk lutsawm Chinese gammi 4 kiman ~ ZD\nNext: Nuntakna lamlak – 1 ~ T. Sawm Lian\nMalaysia Sprint Highway lamzikpi tungah mawtaw khat puakkham in meikuang\nTaiwan gamsung ah Typhoon huihpi nasiatak in nung