url: =Republic of China Admin Divisions | worldleadersindex.org\nRepublic of China Admin Divisions\nBelgian Administrative Divisions\nBosnian Administrative Divisions\nChinese Adminstrative Divisions\nCzechoslovak Admin Dividions\nEast German Districts\nFinnish Former Provinces\nFrench Provinces to 1790\nFormer French Regions\nGerman States to 1945\nFormer Greek States\nMajor Italian States\nItalian states 2\nFormer Norwegen Counties\nPolish voivodships 1919-1939\nSwiss Cantons A - M\nSwiss Cantons N - Z\nItalian Minor States 2\nNew Spain Provinces\nChinese Provinces to 1911\nP.R.C Administrative Divisions\nNotes: The Republic of China (the government of mainland China 1911-1949) was a period where China did not fully recover from the destabilisation caused by the Hsin-hai (Xinhai) revolution. Under the Peiyang (Beiyang) government 1912-28 the previous imperial administrative divisions were reorganised into twenty-two Sheng (provinces), five T’i-fang (Difang), (areas), three Ch’u-fu (Qufu), (regions), two Fu (prefectures), six Tebi-e-ch’u (Tebiequ), (special administrative regions) and one Shangbu (commercial region). The majority of the provinces were de facto controlled by various warlord cliques. The regions,\nprefectures and the commercial region were abolished before 1928.\nIn 1931 Japan invaded and occupied the four Northeast provinces which became the client-state of Manchukuo the following year. After the defeat of Japan in 1945 the former Manchukuo was divided into nine provinces. The re-incorporation of Taiwan into China brought the number of provinces to thirty-five. There were also twelve municipalities, two regions and one special region by 1949.\nThe Republic of China continued to claim the territory of Outer Mongolia which became an independent state in 1911 and over Tibet which maintained de facto independence from China until 1950. By 1955 the Republic of China had lost all mainland territory to the People’s Republic of China, controlling only Taiwan and a few costal islands off Fukien (Fujian) province. The government of the R.O.C (Taiwan) de facto abolished these provincial governments in 2018.\nTranslation Notes: Geographical names are given Chinese Postal Office Romanisation (abolished by P.R.C in 1964). Names are given in Wade-Giles with Pinyin (without tonal diacritics) in parentheses. Wade-Giles and Chinese Postal Office was the standard Romanisation translations for Chinese in Western sources before 1980. The P.R.C officially adopted Hanyu Pinyin to replace Wade-Giles in 1958. Wade-Giles continued to be used by the R.O.C (Taiwan) until 2008.\nAntung (Andong), (Liaodong)\n1945 Province of Andong created from parts of Liaoning and Jilin\n1945 - 1947 Under Communist control\n21 Apr 1949 Province abolished\n29 Apr 1949 Recreated as Liaodong province\n19 Jun 1954 Re-incorporated into Liaoning\nFirst Secretaries of the Provinsial Committee of the Communist Party\n11 Jan - Dec 1946 Chiang Hua (Jiang Hua) (1st Time) ................. 1907-1999\nDec 1946 - 05 Jul 1948 Liu Lan-po (Liu Lanbo) ............................ 1904-1982\n05 Jul 1948 - 21 Apr 1949 Chiang Hua (2nd Time)\n29 Apr 1949 - Mar 1950 Chang Wen-t'ian (Zhang Wentian) ................... 1900-1976\nMar 1950 - Jun 1952 Chang Ch'i-lung (Zhang Qilong) .................... 1900-1987\nJun 1952 - 19 Jun 1954 Kao Yang (Gao Yang) ............................... 1909-1989\n04 Sep 1945 - 18 Feb 1948 Kao Hsi-ping (Gao Xibing) ......................... 1895-1984\n18 Feb 1948 - 21 Apr 1949 Tung Yen-p'ing (Dong Yanping) ..................... 1896-1976\n29 Apr 1949 - 1950 Liu Lan-po (Liu Lanbo) ............................ s.a\n1950 - 1952 Kao Yang (Gao Yang)\nAug 1952 - 19 Jun 1954 Li T'ao (Li Tao) .................................. 1905-1970\n31 Oct - 30 Nov 1911 Independence declared from the Qing Empire\n17 Jul - 07 Aug 1913 "Independent" military government\n29 May - 22 Jun 1917 "Independent" military government\n1928 - 29 Apr 1949 Under Nationalist government\n1938 - 17 Aug 1945 Partly occupied by Japan\n29 Apr 1949 Under Communist control\n08 Nov - 28 Nov 1911 Ch'u Ch'ia-pao (Zhu Jianbao) ...................... 1860-1928\n28 Nov 1911 - 27 Apr 1912 Sun Yü-yü (Sun Yuyu) .............................. 1869-1924\n27 Apr 1912 - 30 Jun 1913 Pai Wen-wei (Bai Wenwei) .......................... 1876-1947\n01 Jul - 27 Jul 1913 Sun To-sen (Sun Duosen) ........................... 1867-1919\n27 Jul 1913 - 10 Apr 1916 Ni Szu-ch'ung (Ni Sichong) (1st Time) ............. 1868-1924\n10 Apr 1916 - 08 Jul 1917 Chang Hsün (Zhang Xun) ............................ 1854-1923\n08 Jul 1917 - 16 Sep 1920 Ni Szu-ch'ung) (2nd Time)\n16 Sep 1920 - 07 Oct 1922 Chang Wen-sheng (Zhang Wensheng) .................. 1884-1937\n07 Oct 1922 - 28 Nov 1924 Ma Lien-chia (Ma Lianjia) ......................... 1864-1924\n28 Nov 1924 - 24 Apr 1925 Wang I-t'ang (Wang Yitang) ........................ 1877-1948\n24 Apr - 29 Aug 1925 Cheng Shih-ch'i (Zheng Shiqi) ..................... 1873-1935\n29 Aug - 25 Nov 1925 Chiang Teng-hsüan (Jiang Dengxuan) ................ 1881-1925\n25 Nov 1925 - 04 Mar 1927 Teng Ju-cho (Deng Ruzhuo) ......................... 1888-1944\n01 Dec 1925 - 04 Mar 1927 Ch'en Tiao-yüan (Chen Diaoyuan) ................... 1886-1943\n02 Jan - Apr 1912 Sun Yü-yü (Sun Yuyu)\nMar 1912 - Jun 1913 Pai Wen-wei (Bai Wenwei)\nJun - Jul 1913 Sun To-sen (Sun Duosen)\nJul 1913 - Jul 1914 Ni Szu-ch'ung (Ni Sichong)\n15 Jul 1914 - 31 Jul 1915 Han Kuo-chün (Han Guojun) ......................... 1857-1942\n31 Jul 1915 - 22 Apr 1916 Li Chao-chen (Li Zhaozhen) (1st Time) ............. 1846-1927\n22 Apr 1916 - 08 Sep 1917 Ni Szu-ch'ung (2nd Time)\n08 Sep 1917 - 21 Nov 1918 Huang Chia-chieh (Huang Jiajie) ................... 18..-1918\n21 Nov 1918 - 11 Jan 1919 Kung Hsin-chan (Gong Xinzhan) ..................... 1869-1943\n11 Jan - 31 Dec 1919 Lu Tiao-yüan (Lu Diaoyuan) (1st Time) ............. 1865-1932\n11 Jan - Mar 1919 Li Wei-yüan (Li Weiyuan) .......................... 1868-1948\n01 Jan 1920 - 21 Aug 1921 Nieh Hsien-fan (Nie Xianfan) ...................... 1880-1933\n21 Aug - 29 Sep 1921 Li Chao-chen (2nd Time)\n29 Sep 1921 - 03 Feb 1923 Hsü Shih-ying (Xu Shiying) ........................ 1873-1964\n03 Feb - 10 Feb 1923 Juan Chung-chi (Ruan Zhongzhi) .................... 1896-1936\n10 Feb - 11 Dec 1923 Lu Tiao-yüan (2nd Time)\n11 Dec 1923 - 28 Nov 1924 Ma Lien-chen (Ma Lianjia) ......................... s.a\n28 Nov 1924 - 18 Jun 1925 Wang I-tang (Wang Yitang) ......................... s.a\n18 Jun - 28 Oct 1925 Wu Ping-hsiang (Wu Bingxiang) ..................... 1875-1930\n23 Nov - 01 Dec 1925 Chiang Shao-chih (Jiang Shaojie) .................. 1877-1932\n01 Dec 1925 - 16 Apr 1926 Wanf P'u (Wang Pu) ................................ 1890-1958\n16 Apr - 24 Dec 1926 Kao Shih-tu (Gao Shidu) ........................... 1873-1954\n24 Dec 1926 - 04 Mar 1927 Ho Ping-lin (He Binglin) .......................... 1877-19..\n04 Mar - Oct 1927 Ho Ch'ian (He Jian)\n27 Mar - Jul 1927 Ch'en Tiao-yüan (Chen Diaoyuan) (1st Time) ........ s.a\nJul - Oct 1927 Chiang Tso-pin (Jiang Zuobin) ..................... 1884-1942\nOct 1927 - May 1929 Ch'en Diaoyuan (2nd Time)\nMay - Oct 1929 Fang Chen-wu (Fang Zhenwu) ........................ 1885-1941\nOct 1929 - 27 Jan 1930 Shih Yu-san (Shi Yousan) .......................... 1891-1940\nJan - Jul 1930 Ma Fu-hsiang (Ma Fuxiang) ......................... 1884-1951\nJul 1930 - 05 Apr 1932 Ch'en Tiao-yüan (2nd Time)\n05 Apr 1932 - 16 May 1933 Wu Chung-hsin (Wu Zhongxin) ....................... 1884-1959\n16 May 1933 - 22 Apr 1937 Liu Chen-hua (Liu Zhenhua) ........................ 1883-1956\n22 Apr - 20 Nov 1937 Liu Shang-ch'ing (Liu Shangqing) .................. 1868-1945\n20 Nov 1937 - 26 Jan 1938 Chiang Tso-pin (Jiang Zuobin) ..................... 1884-1942\n26 Jan - 29 Sep 1938 Li Tsung-jen (Li Zongren) ......................... 1890-1969\n12 Jul 1938 - 18 Dec 1941 Ni Tao-lang (Ni Daolang) .......................... 1879-1952\n29 Sep 1938 - 02 Nov 1939 Liao Lei .......................................... 1890-1939\n02 Nov 1939 - 26 Aug 1948 Li P'in-hsian (Li Pinxian) ........................ 1890-1987\n18 Dec 1941 - 30 Dec 1943 Kao Kuan-wu (Gao Guanwu) .......................... 1892-1957\n30 Dec 1943 - 20 Jan 1945 Luo Chün-ch'iang (Luo Junqiang) ................... 1902-1970\n20 Jan - 16 Aug 1945 Lin Po-sheng (Lin Bosheng) ........................ 1902-1946\n26 Aug 1948 - 24 Mar 1949 Hsia Wei (Xia Wei) ................................ 1893-1973\n24 Mar - 29 Apr 1949 Chang I-fu (Zhang Yifu) ........................... 1895-1982\n1644 - 1911 Part of Manchuria\n1912 Chahar administrative region\n1928 Chahar Province\nDec 1935 - Aug 1945 Japanese occupation\nApr 1946 Under Communist control\n1948 Qahar province (Southern part incorporatedinto Hebei)\n15 Nov 1952 Province abolished (incorporated into Inner Mongolia)\nOct - 22 Dec 1912 Ho Tsung-lien (He Zonglian) (1st Time) ............ 1864-1951\n22 Dec 1912 - 22 Dec 1913 Tuan Chih-kuei (Duan Zhigui) ...................... 1869-1925\n22 Dec 1913 - 26 Aug 1915 Ho Tsung-lien (2nd Time)\n26 Aug 1915 - 30 May 1916 Chiang Ching-yao (Zhang Huaizhi) .................. 1860-1934\n30 May - 06 Jun 1916 Ho Yüan-ch'un (He Yuanchun)\n06 Jun - 09 Jun 1916 Chao Ping-nan (Zhao Bingnan) ...................... 1899-1984\n09 Jun 1916 - 18 Oct 1917 T'ien Chung-yü (Tian Zhongyu) (1st Time) .......... 1869-1935\n18 Oct 1917 - 29 Mar 1918 Chang Ching-yao (Zhang Jingyao) ................... 1881-1933\n29 Mar 1918 - 26 Dec 1919 T'ien Chung-yü (2nd Time)\n26 Dec 1919 - 21 Sep 1920 Wang T'ing-chen (Wang Tingzhen) ................... 1876-1940\n21 Sep 1920 - 15 May 1922 (Chang Ching-hui (Zhang Jinghui) .................. 1871-1959\n15 May - 29 May 1922 T'an Ch'ing-lin (Tan Qinglin) ..................... 1878-1949\n29 May 1922 - 18 Dec 1924 Chang Hsi-yü (Zhang Xiyuan) ....................... 1870-1941\n18 Dec 1924 - 23 Mar 1926 Chang Chih-chiang (Zhang Zhijiang) ................ 1888-1966\n26 Apr - 27 Aug 1926 Lu Chung-lin (Lu Zhonglin) ........................ 1884-1966\n27 Aug 1926 - 15 Aug 1928 Kao Wei-yüeh (Gao Weiyue) ......................... 1875-1938\n15 Aug - 20 Oct 1928 Chang Hui-chao (Zhang Huizhao) .................... 1886-1944\n03 Jun - 27 Nov 1928 Chao Tai-wen (Zhao Daiwen) ........................ 1867-1943\n27 Nov 1928 - 14 Jan 1931 Yang Ai-yüan (Yang Aiyuan) ........................ 1886-1959\n14 Jan 1931 - 18 Aug 1932 Liu I-fei (Liu Yifei) ............................. 1893-1967\n18 Aug 1932 - 19 Jun 1935 Sung Che-yüan (Song Zheyuan) ...................... 1885-1940\n19 Jun - 06 Nov 1935 Ch'in Te-ch'un (Qin Dechun) ....................... 1893-1963\n06 Nov - 12 Dec 1935 Hsiao Chen-ying (Xiao Zhenying) ................... 1890-1947\nNov 1935 - 26 Jun 1936 Chang Tzu-chung (Zhang Zizhong) ................... 1892-1940\n(acting to 12 Dec 1935)\n26 Jun 1936 - 14 Jan 1939 Liu Ju-ming (Liu Ruming) .......................... 1895-1975\nOct 1938 - Jan 1939 Chang Li-sheng (Zhang Lisheng) .................... 1901-1971\n(acting for Liu)\n14 Jan 1939 - 04 Dec 1940 Shih Yu-san (Shi Yousan) .......................... 1891-1940\n20 Dec 1940 - 26 Aug 1941 Pi Tse-yü (Bi Zeyu) ............................... 1893-1968\n26 Aug 1941 - 15 Oct 1946 Feng Ch'in-tsai (Feng Qinzai) ..................... 1890-1963\nNov 1945 - Oct 1946 Chang Su (Zhang Su) (1st Time)\n15 Oct 1946 - 12 Dec 1948 Fu Tso-i (Fu Zuoyi) ............................... 1893-1974\n12 Dec 1948 - 1949 Sun Lan-feng (Sun Lanfeng) ........................ 1895-1987\nDec 1948 - Jan 1952 Chang Su (Zhang Su) (2nd Time)\nJan - 15 Nov 1952 Yang Keng-t'ien (Yang Gengtian) ................... 1913-1952\n(also First Secretary of the Communist Party for Qahar)\n04 Nov - 30 Nov 1911 Provinsial declaration of independence from Qing Empire\n12 Apr - 08 May 1916 "Independent" military government\nMay - 22 Jun 1917 "Independent" military government\n1937 - 1945 Japanese occupation\n03 May 1949 Under Communist Control\n1949 - 1955 Nationalist control of Beichi, Tachen, Dong-chi,\nP'i-shan, Nan-chi and Yushan islands\n26 Feb 1955 Remaining islands taken by the P.R.C\n04 Nov 1911 - 05 Jan 1912 T'ang Shou-ch'ien (Tang Shouqian) ................. 1856-1917\n16 Jan - 23 Jul 1912 Chiang Tsun-kuei (Jiang Zungui) (1st Time) ........ 1882-1931\n23 Jul 1912 - 11 Apr 1916 Chu Jui (Zhu Rui) ................................. 1882-1916\n11 Apr - 05 May 1916 Ch'ü Ying-kuang (Qu Yingguang)..................... 1883-1973\n05 May - 31 Dec 1916 Lu Kung-wang (Lu Gongwang) ........................ 1879-1954\n01 Jan 1917 - 13 Aug 1919 Yang Shan-te (Yang Shande) ........................ 1873-1919\n14 Aug 1919 - 07 Sep 1924 Lu Yung-hsiang (Lu Yongxiang) ..................... 1867-1933\n20 Sep 1924 - 19 Dec 1926 Sun Ch'uan-fang (Sun Chuanfang) ................... 1885-1935\n19 Dec - 29 Dec 1926 Chiang Tsun-kuei (2nd Time)\n29 Dec 1926 - 17 Feb 1927 Meng Chao-yüeh (Meng Zhaoyue) ..................... 1887-1967\nNov 1911 Ch'en Chieh-shih (Chen Jieshi)\nNov 1911 - Feb 1912 Ch'u Fu-ch'eng (Chu Fucheng) ...................... 1873-1948\nFeb – 12 Jul 1912 Tsu Che-ch'en (Zhu Zhechen)\n12 Jul - 23 Jul 1912 Chiang Tsun-kuei (Jiang Zungui)\n23 Jul 1912 - 10 Sep 1913 Chu Jui (Zhu Rui)\n10 Sep 1913 - 06 Jul 1916 Ch'ü Ying-kuang (Qu Yingguang)\n06 Jul - 31 Dec 1916 Lu Kung-wang (Lu Gongwang)\n01 Jan 1917 - 24 Jun 1920 Ch'i Yao-shun (Qi Yaoshan) ........................ 1879-1946\n24 Jun 1920 - 28 Oct 1922 Shen Chin-chien (Shen Jinjian) .................... 1875-1924\n28 Oct 1922 - 22 Sep 1924 Chang Tsai-ying (Zhang Zaiyang) (1st Time) ........ 1874-1945\n22 Sep 1924 - 20 Oct 1926 Hsia Chao (Xia Chao) .............................. 1882-1926\n20 Oct - 29 Oct 1926 Chang Tsai-ying (2nd Time)\n29 Oct 1926 - 17 Feb 1927 Ch'en I (Chen Yi) ................................. 1883-1950\nMar - 27 Aug 1927 Chang Jen-chieh (Zhang Renjie) .................... 1877-1950\nMar – Aug 1927 Chang Ching-chiang (Zhang Jingjiang) (1st Time)\nAug - 05 Oct 1927 Chou Feng-ch'i (Zhou Fengqi) ...................... 1879-1938\n15 Oct 1927 - 14 May 1928 Ho Ying-ch'in (He Yingqin) ........................ 1889-1987\n14 May - 07 Nov 1928 Chiang Po-cheng (Jiang Bocheng) ................... 1888-1952\n11 Nov 1928 – 03 Dec 1930 Chang Ching-chiang (2nd Time)\n04 Dec 1930 - 15 Dec 1931 Chang Nan-hsien (Zhang Nanxian) ................... 1874-1968\n15 Dec 1931 - 12 Dec 1934 Lu Ti-p'ing (Lu Diping) ........................... 1887-1935\n12 Dec 1934 - 02 Dec 1935 Huang Shao-hung (Huang Shaohong) (1st Time) ....... 1895-1966\n02 Dec 1935 - 06 Sep 1936 Pai Ch'ung-hsi (Bai Chongxi) ...................... 1893-1966\n06 Sep 1936 - 26 Nov 1937 Chu Chia-hua (Zhu Jiahua) ......................... 1893-1963\n26 Nov 1937 - 26 Mar 1946 Huang Shao-hung (2nd time)\n17 May 1938 - 24 Jan 1941 Wang Jui-k'ai (Wang Ruikai) ....................... 1875-1941\n28 Jan - 06 Apr 1941 Shen Erh-ch'iao (Shen Erqiao) ..................... 1896-19..\n06 Apr - 19 Aug 1941 Mei Szu-p'ing (Mei Siping) ........................ 1896-1946\n19 Aug 1941 - 11 Nov 1944 Su Shih-chou (Fu Shiyue) .......................... 1891-1947\n11 Nov 1944 - 03 May 1945 Hsieng Chih-chuang (Xiang Zhizhuang) .............. 1894-1946\n03 May - 16 Aug 1945 T'ing Mo-ts'un (Ding Mocun) ....................... 1901-1947\n26 Mar 1946 - 22 Jun 1948 Shen Hung-lieh (Shen Honglie) ..................... 1880-1969\n22 Jun 1948 - 21 Feb 1949 Ch'en-I (Chen Yi) ................................. s.a\n21 Feb – 06 Dec 1949 Chou Yen (Zhou Yan) ............................... 1895-1953\n07 Dec 1949 - 13 May 1950 Shih Chüeh (Shi Jue) .............................. 1908-1986\n1950 - 1952 Shen Yüeh (Shen Yue) .............................. 1913-1994\n19 Oct 1952 - 26 Feb 1955 Hu Tsung-nan (Hu Zongan) .......................... 1896-1962\n1945 Dongan province created from part of Jilin\n1949 Re-incorporated into Jilin\n04 Sep 1945 - 18 Feb 1948 Kao Hsi-ping (Gao Xibing) ......................... 1894-1984\n18 Feb 1948 - 1949 Tung Yen-p'ing (Dong Yanping) ..................... 1896-1976\n26 Nov 1911 Provincial declaration of independence from Qing Empire\nMay - 22 Jun 1917 Provincial declaration of independence\n1918 - 29 Dec 1928 Autonomous under warlord control\n28 Jan 1929 Re-named Liaoning\n18 Sep 1931 - 17 Aug 1945 Occupied by Japan\n18 Feb 1932 - 17 Aug 1945 Part of Manchukwo\n17 Aug 1945 - 03 May 1946 Occupied by the Soviet Union\n1946 - 19 Jun 1954 Part of the Northeast\nOct 1948 Under Communist control\n26 Nov - 30 Nov 1911 Lan T'ien-wei (Lan Tianwei) ....................... 1878-1922\n30 Nov 1911 - 15 Mar 1912 Chang Jong (Zhang Rong) ........................... 1884-1912\n15 Mar - 03 Nov 1912 Chao Erh-hsün (Zhao Erxun) ........................ 1844-1927\n03 Nov 1912 – 22 Aug 1915 Chang Tso-lin (Zhang Xiluan) ...................... 1843-1922\n22 Aug 1915 – 23 Apr 1916 Tuan Chih-kuei (Duan Zhigui) ...................... 1869-1925\n23 Apr 1916 – 03 Jun 1928 Chang Tso-lin (Zhang Zuolin) ...................... 1873-1928\n04 Jun - 29 Dec 1928 Chang Hsüeh-liang (Zhang Xueliang) ................ 1901-2001\n18 Sep 1931 - 09 Mar 1932 Baron Shigeru Honjo ............................... 1876-1945\n(Japanese military governor)\n26 Nov 1911 – 15 Mar 1912 Wu Junglian (Wu Jinglian) ......................... 1873-1944\n15 Mar - 03 Nov 1912 Chao Erh-hsün (Zhao Erxun)\n03 Nov 1912 – 13 Oct 1913 Chang Hsi-luan (Zhang Xiluan) (1st Time)\n13 Oct 1913 – 09 Jan 1914 Hsü Shih-ying (Xu Shiying) ........................ 1873-1964\n09 Jan - 27 Sep 1914 Chang Hsi-luan (2nd Time)\n27 Sep 1914 – 18 Sep 1915 Chang Yüan-ch'i (Zhang Yuanqi) .................... 1860-1922\n18 Sep 1915 – 23 Apr 1916 Tuan Chih-kuei (Duan Zhigui)\n23 Apr 1916 – 18 Jun 1922 Chang Tso-lin (Zhang Zuolin)\n18 Jun 1922 – 07 Apr 1926 Wang Yang-chiang (Wang Yongjiang) ................. 1872-1927\n07 Apr 1926 – 03 Oct 1927 Mo Te-hui (Mo Dehui) .............................. 1881-1968\n03 Oct 1927 – 23 Jul 1928 Liu Shang-ch'ing (Liu Shangqing) .................. 1874-1957\n23 Jul - 29 Dec 1928 Chang Hsüeh-liang (Zhang Xueliang ................. s.a\nChairmen of the Government (1931-45 in opposition to the Japanese\nand 1945-46 Soviet occupation)\n31 Dec 1928 – 20 Dec 1929 Chai Wen-hsüan (Zhai Wenxuan) ..................... 1878-1950\n13 Jan 1930 - Mar 1932 Tsang Shih-i (Zang Shiyi) ......................... 1885-1956\n(continues as Japanese appointed governor to 1934)\nMar 1932 – 1935 Yüan Chin-k'ai (Yuan Jinkai) ...................... 1870-1947\nJul 1937 - Aug 1945 Wan Fu-lin (Wan Fulin) ............................ 1880-1951\n04 Sep 1945 - 18 Feb 1948 Hsü Chen (Xu Zhen) ................................ 1916-1970\n18 Feb - Oct 1948 Wang T'ieh-han (Wang Tiehan) ...................... 1905-1995\n1687 - 1911 Fukien subordinated to the Viceroyalty of Min-zhe\n09 Nov - 30 Nov 1911 Independence declared from the Qing Empire\n19 Jul - 09 Jul 1913 Independent military government\nMay - 22 Jun 1917 Independent military government\n21 Nov 1933 - 21 Jan 1934 Under Chinese Soviet Republic control\nJun 1938 - 1945 Japanese occupation\n17 Aug 1949 Under Communist control\n25 Oct 1949 Islands of Kinmen and Matsu remain\nunder Republic of China (Taiwan)\n01 Jan 2019 Provincial governemnt dissolved\n09 Nov 1911 - 05 Dec 1913 Sun Tao-jen (Sun Daoren) .......................... 1867-1935\n05 Dec 1913 - 18 Jul 1914 Liu Kuan-hsiung (Liu Guanxiong) ................... 1861-1927\n18 Jul 1914 - 12 Jan 1923 Li Hou-chi (Li Houji) ............................. 1869-1942\n17 Jan - 20 Mar 1923 Wang Yung-ch'üan (Wang Yongquan) .................. 1886-1942\n20 Mar 1923 - 13 May 1924 Sun Ch'uan-fang (Sun Chuanfang) ................... 1885-1935\n13 May 1924 - 05 Dec 1926 Chou Yin-jen (Zhou Yinren) ........................ 1885-1956\n09 Nov 1911 - Sep 1912 P'eng Shou-sung (Peng Shousong) ................... 1886-1918\nSep - Nov 1912 Liu Tz'u-yüan (Liu Ciyuan) (1st Time)\n16 Nov 1912 - 20 Nov 1913 Chang Yüan-ch'i (Zhang Yuanqi) .................... 1860-1922\n20 Nov 1913 - 03 May 1914 Wang Sheng-ling (Wang Shengling) .................. 1866-1934\n03 May 1914 - 06 May 1916 Hsü Shih-ying (Xu Shiying) ........................ 1873-1964\n17 Apr 1916 - 15 Oct 1922 Li Hou-chi (Li Houji) ............................. s.a\n15 Oct - 08 Nov 1922 Sa Chen-ping (Sa Zhenbing) (1st Time) ............. 1859-1952\n08 Nov - 30 Nov 1922 Wang Yung-ch'üan (Wang Yongquan) .................. s.a\n30 Nov 1922 - 01 Mar 1923 Lin Sen ........................................... 1867-1943\n01 Mar 1923 - 04 Dec 1926 Sa Chen-ping (2nd Time)\n04 Dec 1926 - 03 Jul 1927 Fang Sheng-t'ao (Fang Shengtao) ................... 1885-1934\n03 Jul 1927 - 12 Jul 1932 Yang Shu-chuang (Yang Shuzhuang) .................. 1882-1934\n05 Feb 1929 - 06 Jan 1930 Chen Nai-yüan (Chen Naiyuan)\n06 Jan 1930 - 07 Dec 1932 Fang Sheng-t'ao (Fang Shengtao)\n07 Dec 1932 - 20 Dec 1933 Chiang Kuang-nai (Jiang Guangnai) ................. 1888-1967\n21 Nov 1933 - 21 Jan 1934 Ts'ai T'ing-k'ai (Cai Tingkai) .................... 1892-1968\n(Chinese Soviet governor)\n12 Jan 1934 - 28 Aug 1941 Ch'en I (Chen Yi) ................................. 1883-1950\n28 Aug 1941 - 16 Sep 1948 Liu Chien-hsü (Liu Jianxu) ........................ 1892-1978\n16 Sep 1948 - 20 Jan 1949 Li Han-hun (Li Hanhun) ............................ 1906-1967\n20 Jan - 04 Oct 1949 Chu Shao-ling (Zhu Shaoliang) ..................... 1891-1963\n18 Aug - 30 Sep 1949 Fang Chih (Fang Zhi) .............................. 1895-1989\n30 Sep - 04 Dec 1949 Huang Chin-t'ao (Huang Jintao) .................... 1888-1957\n04 Dec 1949 - 31 Jan 1955 Hu Lien (Hu Lian) ................................. 1907-1977\n01 Feb 1955 - 21 May 1986 Tai Chung-yu (Dai Zhongyu) ........................ 1910-1986\n20 Jun 1986 - 09 Feb 1998 Wu Chin-tzan (Wu Jinzan) .......................... 1935-2012\n10 Feb 1998 - 21 May 2007 Yen Chung-chen (Yan Zhongcheng) ................... 1938-\n21 May - 28 Nov 2007 Yang Cheng-hsi (Yang Chengxi) ..................... 1945-\n28 Nov 2007 - 20 May 2008 Chen Chin-jun (Chen Jingjun) ...................... 1956-\n20 May 2008 - 10 Sep 2009 Hsueh Hsiang-chuan (Xue Xiangchuan) ............... 1944-\n10 Sep 2009 - 18 Feb 2013 Cherng-tay Hsueh (Xu Chengtai) .................... 1956-\n18 Feb - 01 Aug 2013 Chen Shyh-kwei (Chen Shikui) ...................... 1952-\n01 Aug - 30 Sep 2013 Luo Ying-Hsueh (Luo Yingwue) ...................... 1951-\n01 Oct 2013 - 08 Dec 2014 Schive "Steve" Chi (Xue Qi) ....................... 1947-\n08 Dec 2014 - 31 Jan 2016 Duh Tzi-chiun (Du Zijun) .......................... 1959-\n31 Jan - 20 May 2016 Lin Chu-chia (Lin Zujian) ......................... 1956-\n20 May 2016 - 31 Dec 2018 Chang Ching-sen (Zhang Jingsen) ................... 1959-\n1911 Heilongjiang (Amur) province created from Manchuria\n09 Mar 1932 - 15 Aug 1945 Part of Japanese occupied Manchukuo (Manchuria)\n17 Aug 1945 - 03 May 1946 Occupied by the USSR\n24 Apr 1946 Under communist control\nOct 1911 - 16 Jul 1913 Sung Hsiao-lien (Song Xiaolian) .................. 1860-1926\n16 Jul - 30 Oct 1913 Pi Kuei-fang (Bi Guifang) (1st Time) ............. 1865-1934\n30 Oct 1913 - 03 May 1916 Chu Ch'ing-lan (Zhu Qinglan) ..................... 1874-1941\n03 May - 31 Jul 1916 Pi Kuei-fang (2nd Time)\n31 Jul - 11 Aug 1916 Chang Kuo-kan (Zhang Guogan) ..................... 1876-1959\n11 Aug 1916 - 16 Jun 1917 Pi Kuei-fang (3rd Time)\n16 Jun - 26 Jul 1917 Hsü Lan-chou (Xu Lanzhou) ........................ 1872-1951\n26 Jul 1917 - 6 Jul 1919 Pao Kuei-ch'ing (Bao Guiqing) .................... 1867-1934\n06 Jul 1919 - 12 Mar 1921 Sun Lieh-ch'en (Sun Liechen) ..................... 1873-1924\n12 Mar 1921 - 03 Jun 1928 Wu Chün-sheng (Wu Junsheng) ...................... 1863-1928\n05 Jun - 20 Jun 1928 Wu T'ai-ch'in (Wu Taiqin)\n20 Jun - 29 Dec 1928 Wan Fu-lin (Wan Fulin) ........................... 1880-1951\nNov 1911 - Feb 1912 Chuo Shumo (Zhou Shumo)\nFeb - Aug 1912 Sung Hsiao-lien (Song Xiaolian) (1st Time)\n29 Aug - 24 Dec 1912 Ch'iu T'ung-yü (Qiu Tongyu) ...................... 1849-19..\n24 Dec 1912 - 10 Jan 1913 Hsü Nai-lin (Xu Nailin) .......................... 1867-1940\n10 Jan - 17 Jul 1913 Sung Hsiao-lien (2nd Time)\n17 Jul - 30 Oct 1913 Pi Kuei-fang (Bi Guifang) (1st Time)\n30 Oct 1913 - 03 May 1916 Ch'u Ch'ing-lan (Zhu Qinglan)\n03 May 1916 - 31 Jul 1916 Pi Kuei-fang (2nd Time)\n31 Jul - 11 Aug 1916 Chang Kuo-kan (Zhang Guogan)\n11 Aug 1916 - 26 Jul 1917 Pi Kuei-fang (3rd Time)\n26 Jul 1917 - 06 Jul 1919 Pao Kuei-ch'ing (Bao Guiqing)\nJul - Aug 1919 Wang Shu-han (Wang Shuhan) ....................... 1880-1955\n11 Aug 1919 - 12 Mar 1921 Sun Lieh-ch'en (Sun Liechen)\n12 Mar 1921 - 03 Jun 1928 Wu Junsheng (Wu Ch'un-sheng)\n03 Jun - 23 Jul 1928 Yü Szu-hsing (Yu Sixing) ......................... 1878-1928\n23 Jul 1928 - 10 Jan 1929 Ch'ang Yin-huai (Zhang Xueliang) ................. 1889-1929\n09 Feb 1929 - 17 Nov 1931 Wan Fu-lin (Wan Fulin)\n17 Nov 1931 - 05 Dec 1932 Man Chan-shan (Ma Zhanshan) ...................... 1885-1950\n(for Japan from Jan - 07 Apr 1932)\n04 Sep 1945 - Nov 1948 Han Chün-chieh (Han Junjie) ...................... 1894-1976\n07 Nov 1945 Hokiang province split from Heilungkiang\n1946 Under Communist control\n21 Apr 1949 Part of Sunkiang\nFirst Secretaries of the Provincial Executive Committee\nMay 1946 - 1949 Chang Wen-t'ien (Chang Wentian) .................. 1900-1976\n04 Sep 1945 Wu Han-t'ao (Wu Hantao) .......................... 1894-1988\n04 Sep 1945 - 1946 Wu Chen (Wu Zhen)\n1946 - 1949 Chang Wen-tien (Zhang Wentian) ................... s.a\n1649 - 1912 Part of Zhili\n1940 - 1945 Under Nanjing government control\n1949 Under Communist control\n15 Mar - 23 Mar 1912 Ch'i Yao-lin (Qi Yaolin) ......................... 1862-1949\n23 Mar 1912 - 13 Feb 1914 Chang Ch'en-fang (Zhang Zhenfang) ................ 1863-1933\n13 Feb - 03 Apr 1914 Tuan Ch'i-jui (Duan Qirui) ....................... 1865-1936\n03 Apr - 20 Sep 1914 T'ien Wen-leh (Tian Wenlie) ...................... 1853-1924\n20 Sep 1914 - 10 May 1922 Chao T'i (Zhao Ti) ............................... 1871-1933\n10 May - 31 Oct 1922 Feng Yü-hsiang (Feng Yuxiang) .................... 1882-1948\n31 Oct 1922 - 01 Nov 1924 Chang Fu-lai (Zhang Fulai) ....................... 1871-1925\n06 Dec 1924 - 10 Apr 1925 Hu Ch'ing-i (Hu Jingyi) .......................... 1892-1925\n24 Apr 1925 - 05 Mar 1926 Yüeh Wei-chü (Yue Weijun) ........................ 1883-1932\n17 Mar 1926 - Jun 1927 K'ou Ying-chieh (Kou Yingjie) .................... 1880-1952\n12 Feb 1912 - Jul 1912 Ni Szu-ch'ung (Ni Suchong) ....................... 1868-1924\nJul 1912 - 10 Jan 1913 Wang Tsu-t'ung (Wang Zutong) ..................... 1861-1919\n10 Jan - 05 Jul 1913 Chang Ch'en-fang (Zhang Zhenfang)\n05 Jul 1913 - 11 Feb 1914 Chang Feng-t'ai (Zhang Fengtai) (1st Time) ....... 1857-1925\n11 Feb 1914 - 01 Dec 1917 T'ien Wen-leh (Tian Wenlie)\n04 Dec 1917 - 26 Feb 1920 Chao T'i (Zhao Ti)\n26 Feb - 24 Jul 1920 Wang Yin-ch'uan (Wang Yinchuan) .................. 1878-1939\n24 Jul 1920 - 12 Dec 1923 Chang Feng-t'ai (2nd Time)\n12 Dec 1923 - 07 Nov 1924 Li Ch'i-ch'en (Li Jichen) ........................ 1885-1959\n07 Nov 1924 - 29 Aug 1925 Sun Yüeh (Sun Yue) ............................... 1878-1928\n29 Aug 1925 - 05 Mar 1926 Yüeh Wei-chü (Yue Weijun)\n31 May 1926 Chin Yün-e (Jin Yune) ............................ 1881-1935\n31 May - Dec 1926 K'ou Ying-chieh (Kou Yingjie)\nDec 1926 - May 1927 Hsiung Ping-ch'i (Xiong Bingqi) .................. 1884-1959\n13 Jun 1927 - 18 Dec 1928 Feng Yü-hsiang (Feng Yuxiang) .................... s.a\n18 Dec 1928 - Apr 1930 Han Fu-chü (Han Fuju) ............................ 1890-1938\nApr - May 1930 Wan Hsüan-ts'i (Wan Xuancai) ..................... 1886-1945\nMay - Oct 1930 Chang Fang (Zhang Fang) (1st Time) ............... 1886-1966\n07 Oct 1930 - 12 Dec 1935 Liu Ch'i (Liu Zhi) ............................... 1892-1971\n12 Dec 1935 - Jul 1937 Shang Chen (Shang Zhen) .......................... 1888-1978\nJul 1937 - Feb 1938 Chang Fang (2nd Time)\n02 Feb 1938 - Feb 1939 Cheng Ch'ian (Zheng Qian) ........................ 1878-1929\n28 Apr 1938 - 01 Mar 1939 Su Jui-ch'en (Su Ruichen)\n11 Feb - 20 Sep 1939 Fang Ts'e (Fang Ce) .............................. 1886-1945\n01 Mar 1939 - 03 Mar 1943 Ch'en Ching-chai (Chen Jingzhai)\n(appointed by Beiping, Nanjing from 1940)\n20 Sep 1939 - 09 Jan 1942 Wei Li-huang (Wei Lihuang) ....................... 1897-1960\n09 Jan 1942 - 22 Jul 1944 Li P'ei-chi (Li Peiji) ........................... 1885-1970\n03 Mar 1943 - 29 May 1944 T'ien Wen-ping (Tian Wenbing) .................... 1891-1944\n29 May 1944 - 26 Apr 1945 Shao Wen-k'ai (Shao Wenkai) ...................... 1890-1987\n22 Jul 1944 - 26 Aug 1948 Liu Mao-en (Liu Maoen) ........................... 1898-1981\n26 Apr - 26 Aug 1945 Pao Wen-yüeh (Bao Wenyue) ........................ 1892-1980\n26 Aug 1948 - 24 Jun 1949 Chang Chen (Zhang Zhen) .......................... 1894-1981\n24 Jun - 23 Dec 1949 Chao Tzu-li (Zhao Zili) .......................... 1908-1992\nHopeh (Chih-li [Zhili])\n1911 - 1928 Under warlord control\nMay - 22 Jul 1917 Declaration of the independence\n08 Jun 1928 - 1935 Under Nationalist control\n20 Jun 1928 Renamed Ho-peh\n25 Nov 1935 - 14 Dec 1937 East Ho-peh Anti-Communist Autonomous Council\n11 Dec 1935 - 19 Aug 1937 Ho-peh-Chaha'er Political Council subordinated\nto the Executive Yuan\n08 Aug 1937 - Aug 1945 Occupied by Japan\n22 Jan 1949 Under Communist control\nMilitary Governors of Chih-li\n10 Oct 1911 - 08 Sep 1912 Chang Hsi-luan (Zhang Xiluan) .................... 1843-1922\n08 Sep 1912 - 16 Dec 1913 Feng Kuo-chang (Feng Guozhang) ................... 1859-1919\n16 Dec 1913 - 27 Feb 1914 Chao Ping-chün (Zhao Bingjun) .................... 1859-1914\n27 Feb 1914 - 16 Sep 1916 Chu Chia-pao (Zhu Jiabao) ........................ 1860-1923\n16 Sep 1916 - 12 Apr 1922 T'sao K'un (Cao Kun) ............................. 1862-1938\n12 Apr 1922 - 22 Oct 1923 Yang I-te (Yang Yide) ............................ 1873-1944\n22 Oct 1923 - 11 Nov 1924 Wang Ch'eng-pin (Wang Chengbin) .................. 1874-1936\n11 Nov - 11 Dec 1924 Lu Yung-hsiang (Lu Yongxiang) .................... 1867-1933\n11 Dec 1924 - 25 Dec 1925 Li Ching-lin (Li Jinglin) ........................ 1885-1931\n25 Dec 1925 - 21 Mar 1926 Sun Yüeh (Sun Yue) ............................... 1878-1928\n07 Apr 1926 - 03 Jun 1928 Ch'u Yü-p'u (Chu Yupu) ........................... 1887-1929\n15 Mar - 08 Sep 1912 Chang Hsi-luan ................................... s.a\n08 Sep 1912 - 17 Jul 1913 Feng Kuo-chang ................................... s.a\n17 Jul 1913 - 19 Feb 1914 Liu Jo-tseng (Liu Ruozeng) ....................... 1860-1929\n19 Feb - 27 Feb 1914 Chao Ping-chün\n27 Feb 1914 - 08 Jul 1917 Chu Chia-pao\n08 Jul 1917 - 30 Jan 1918 T'sao K'un\n30 Jan 1918 - 17 Apr 1922 Ts'ao Jui (Cao Rui) .............................. 1868-1924\n17 Apr - 18 Jun 1922 Yang I-te\n18 Jun - 24 Jun 1922 Kao Ling-wei (Gao Lingwei) ....................... 1870-1940\n24 Jun 1922 - 11 Nov 1924 Wang Ch'eng-pin\n13 Nov 1924 - 25 Dec 1925 Li Ching-lin\n25 Dec 1925 - 21 Mar 1926 Sun Yüeh\n07 Apr 1926 - 03 Jun 1928 Ch'u Yü-p'u\n26 Jun 1928 - 10 Aug 1929 Shang Chen (Shang Zhen) (1st Time) ............... 1888-1978\n10 Aug 1929 - 27 Sep 1930 Hsü Yung-ch'ang (Xu Yongchang) ................... 1887-1959\n27 Sep 1930 - 18 Aug 1932 Wang Shu-ch'ang (Wang Shuchang) .................. 1886-1960\n27 Sep 1932 - 06 Jun 1935 Yü Hsüeh-chung (Yu Xuezhong) ..................... 1889-1964\n25 Jun - 12 Dec 1935 Shang Chen (2nd Time)\n25 Nov 1935 - 14 Dec 1937 Yin Ju-keng (Yin Rugeng) ......................... 1885-1947\n(appointed by East Hebei government)\n12 Dec 1935 - 27 Nov 1936 Sung Che-yüan (Song Zheyuan) ..................... 1885-1940\n(Chairman of the Ho-peh-Chaha'er Political Council)\n27 Nov 1936 - 02 Jun 1938 Feng Chih-an (Feng Zhian) ........................ 1896-1954\n02 Jun 1938 - 03 Feb 1940 Lu Chung-lin (Lu Zhonglin) ....................... 1884-1966\n06 Jan 1938 - 09 May 1939 Gao Lingwei (Beiping governor) ................... 1869-1939\n09 May 1939 - 03 Mar 1943 Wu Tsan-chou (Wu Zanzhou) ........................ 1885-1949\n03 Feb 1940 - 15 Jun 1943 P'ang Ping-hsün (Pang Bingxun) ................... 1879-1963\n01 Mar 1943 - 02 Mar 1944 Tu Hsi-chün (Du Xijun) ........................... 1888-1945\n15 Jun 1943 - 26 Jun 1945 Ma Fa-wu (Ma Fawu) ............................... 1893-1992\n20 Jan - 16 Aug 1945 Jung Chen (Rong Zhen) ............................ 1891-1952\n16 Aug 1945 - 17 Dec 1947 Sun Lien-chung (Sun Lianzhong) ................... 1893-1990\n17 Dec 1947 - 22 Jan 1949 Ch'u Ch'i-chun (Chu Xichun) ...................... 1896-1966\n28 Jun 1913 Ch'uan-pien special administrative region\n1914 - 1939 Area west of the Jinsha river under Tibetan control\n07 Feb 1925 Hsikang provincial committee formed\n01 Jan 1939 Hsikang province\n24 Mar 1955 Under Communist control\n01 Oct 1955 Diveded between Szechwan and Tibetan Autonomous Region\n28 Jun 1913 - 13 Jan 1914 Yin Ch'ang-heng (Yin Changheng) .................. 1884-1952\n13 Jan 1914 - 30 Apr 1915 Chang I (Zhang Yi)\n30 Apr 1915 - 13 Aug 1916 Liu Jui-heng (Liu Ruiheng)\n13 Aug 1916 - 30 Sep 1917 Yi Ch'eng-huan (Yin Chenghuan) ................... 1877-1945\n30 Sep 1917 - 02 Feb 1918 Hsiung K'o-wu (Xiong Kewu) ....................... 1885-1970\n02 Feb 1918 - 24 Dec 1924 Ch'en Hsia-ling (Chen Xialing) ................... 1873-1950\nHeads of the Civil Government\n24 Dec 1924 - 04 Feb 1929 Liu Ch'eng-hsün (Liu Chengxun)\n04 Feb 1929 - 29 Dec 1934 Wu Hsiang-han (Wu Xinghan)\n29 Dec 1934 - 31 Dec 1938 Liu Wen-hui (Liu Wenhui) ......................... 1895-1976\n01 Jan 1939 - 16 Dec 1949 Liu Wen-hui\n16 Dec 1949 - 25 Mar 1950 Ho Kuo-huang (He Guoguang) ....................... 1885-1969\n(Continues in Taiwan to 1955)\n10 Mar 1950 - 30 Sep 1955 Liao Chih-kao (Liao Zhigao) ...................... 1913-2000\n(also First Secretary of the Communist Party)\nSzechwan-Hsikang Border Defence Commanders-in-chief\n1925 - 1927 Liu Hsiang (Liu Xiang) ........................... 1890-1938\n1927 - 29 Dec 1934 Liu Wen-hui (Liu Wenhui) ......................... s.a\n24 Jan 1942 Su-huai (Suhuai) Special Autonomous District within\nKiangsu province, established by Wang Ch'ing-wei\n15 Jan 1944 Huai-hai province split from Kiangsu\n16 Aug 1945 Re-incorporated into Kiangsu\nChairmen of the District (from 1944 Province)\n27 Jan 1942 - 02 Sep 1943 Hao P'eng (Hao Peng) ............................. 1881-19..\n02 Sep 1943 - 16 Aug 1945 Hao P'eng-chün (Hao Pengju) ...................... 1903-1974\n23 Oct - 30 Nov 1911 Hunan province declares independence from Qing Empire\n25 Jul - 13 Aug 1913 Provincial declaration of indepedence\n04 Aug 1949 Under Communist control\n22 Oct - 31 Oct 1911 Chiao Ta-feng (Jiao Dafeng ....................... 1887-1911\n31 Oct 1911 - 24 Oct 1913 T'an Yen-k'ai (Tan Yankai) ....................... 1879-1930\n24 Oct 1913 - 04 Jul 1916 T'ang Hsiang-ming (Tang Xiangming) ............... 1885-1975\n04 Jul - 06 Jul 1916 Tseng Chi-wu (Zeng Jiwu) ......................... 1878-1944\n06 Jul - 16 Jul 1916 Ch'en Huan (Chen Huan) ........................... 1870-1939\n16 Jul - 03 Aug 1916 Liu Jen-hsi (Liu Renxi) .......................... 1844-1919\n03 Aug 1916 - 06 Aug 1917 T'an Yen-k'ai (2nd Time)\n06 Aug - 18 Nov 1917 Fu Liang-tso (Fu Liangzuo) ....................... 1873-1924\n18 Nov - 07 Dec 1917 Wang Ju-hsien (Wang Ruxian) ...................... 1874-1944\n07 Dec 1917 - 27 Mar 1918 T'an Yen-k'ai (3rd Time)\n27 May 1918 - 29 Jun 1920 Chang Ching-yao (Zhang Jingyao) .................. 1881-1934\n29 Jun - 29 Jul 1920 Wu Kuang-hsin (Wu Guangxin) ...................... 1881-1939\n29 Jul - 23 Nov 1920 T'an Yen-k'ai (4th Time)\n23 Nov 1920 - 11 Mar 1926 Chao Heng-t'i (Zhao Hengti) ...................... 1880-1971\n11 Mar - 14 Jul 1926 T'ang Sheng-chih (Tang Shengzhi) ................. 1889-1970\n12 Sep 1912 - 07 Oct 1913 T'an Yen-k'ai (1st Time)\n07 Oct - 24 Oct 1913 Wang Hu .......................................... 1865-1933\n24 Oct 1913 - 15 Jul 1914 T'ang Hsiang-ming (Tang Xiangming) (1st Time)\n15 Jul 1914 - 25 May 1915 Liu Hsin-yüan (Liu Xinyuan) ...................... 1848-1915\n25 May - 31 Jul 1915 T'ao Szu-cheng (Tao Sicheng) ..................... 1883-19..\n31 Aug - 26 Sep 1915 Yen Kuo-chün (Yen Guojun) ........................ 1857-1942\n31 Jul - 26 Sep 1915 Yen Chia-ch'ih (Yen Jiachi) ...................... 1885-1952\n26 Sep 1915 - 25 Apr 1916 Shen Ching-chien (Shen Jingjian) ................. 1875-1924\n25 Apr - 04 Jul 1916 T'ang Hsiang-ming (2nd Time)\n06 Jul - 25 Jul 1916 Ch'en Huan (Chen Huan)\n25 Jul - 03 Aug 1916 Liu Jen-hsi (Liu Renxi)\n03 Aug 1916 - 09 Oct 1917 T'an Yen-k'ai (2nd Time)\n27 Mar 1918 - 29 Jun 1920 Chang Ching-yao (Zhang Jingyao)\n29 Jun - 29 Jul 1920 Wu Kuang-hsin (Wu Guangxin)\n26 Nov - 28 Nov 1920 Chao Heng-t'i (Zhao Hengti)\n28 Nov 1920 - 06 Apr 1921 Lin Chih-yü (Lin Zhiyu) .......................... 1876-1930\n06 Apr 1921 - 11 Mar 1926 Chao Heng-t'i (2nd Time)\n25 Mar 1926 - 11 Nov 1927 T'ang Sheng-chih (Tang Shengzhi)\n13 Jun - Nov 1927 Chou Lan (Zhou Lan) .............................. 1892-1952\n11 Nov 1927 - 28 May 1928 Ch'eng Ch'ien (Cheng Qian) (1st Time) ............ 1882-1968\n28 May 1928 - 27 Mar 1929 Lu Ti-ping (Lu Diping) ........................... 1887-1935\n27 Mar 1929 - 20 Nov 1937 Ho Chien (Ho Jian) ............................... 1887-1956\n20 Nov 1937 - 21 Jan 1939 Chang Chih-chung (Zhang Zhizhong) ................ 1891-1969\n21 Jan 1939 - 26 Jun 1945 Hsüeh Yüeh ....................................... 1896-1998\n26 Jun 1945 - 09 Apr 1946 Wu Ch'i-wei (Wu Qiwei) ........................... 1890-1953\n09 Apr 1946 - 22 Jun 1948 Wang Tung-yüan (Wang Dongyuan) ................... 1899-1997\n22 Jun 1948 - 21 Jul 1949 Ch'eng Ch'ien (Cheng Qian) (2nd Time)\n21 Jul - 05 Aug 1949 Huang Chieh (Huang Jie) .......................... 1902-1995\n11 Oct - 30 Nov 1911 Provincial declaration of independence from Qing Empire\n25 Oct 1938 - 17 Aug 1945 Partly occupied by Japan\nOct 1949 Under Communist control\n10 Oct 1911 - 19 Dec 1913 Li Yüan-hung (Li Yuanhong) ....................... 1864-1928\n19 Dec 1913 - 01 Feb 1914 Tuan Ch'i-jui (Duan Qirui) ....................... 1864-1936\n01 Feb 1914 - 22 Aug 1915 Tuan Chih-kuei (Duan Zhigui) ..................... 1869-1925\n22 Aug - 22 Dec 1915 Chang Hsi-luan (Zhang Xiluan) .................... 1843-1922\n22 Dec 1915 - 09 Aug 1921 Wang Chan-yüan (Wang Zhanyuan) ................... 1861-1934\n09 Aug 1921 - 14 Feb 1926 Hsiao Yao-nan (Xiao Yaonan) ...................... 1875-1926\n14 Feb - 10 Oct 1926 Ch'en Chiao-mo (Chen Jiamo) ...................... 18..-1927\n01 Jan 1912 - Apr 1912 Liu Hsin-yüan (Liu Xinyuan) (1st Time) ........... 1848-1915\n19 Apr - 13 May 1912 Fan Tsen-hsiang (Fan Zengxiang) .................. 1846-1931\n13 May - 30 Oct 1912 Liu Hsin-yüan (2nd Time)\n30 Oct 1912 - 25 Sep 1913 Hsia Shou-k'ang (Xia Shoukang) (1st Time) ........ 1871-1923\n25 Sep - 12 Dec 1913 Jao Han-hsiang (Rao Hanxiang) .................... 1883-1927\n12 Dec 1913 - 07 Oct 1914 Lu Tiao-yüan (Lu Diaoyuan) ....................... 1865-1932\n07 Oct 1914 - 02 May 1916 Tuan Shu-yüan (Duan Shuyun) ...................... 1856-1924\n02 May - 24 Jul 1916 Fan Shou-yu (Fan Shouyou ) ....................... 1868-1916\n24 Jul 1916 - 29 Mar 1919 Wang Chan-yüan (Wang Zhanyuan)\n29 Mar 1919 - 28 Aug 1920 Ho P'ei-jung (He Peirong) ........................ 1888-1942\n28 Aug - 18 Sep 1920 Sun Chen-chia (Sun Zhenjia) ...................... 1858-19..\n18 Sep 1920 - 08 Mar 1921 Hsia Shou-k'ang (2nd Time)\n08 Mar 1921 - 06 Jul 1922 Liu Ch'en-ken (Liu Chengen) ...................... 1863-1922\n06 Jul 1922 - 08 Jan 1924 T'ang Hsian-ming (Tang Xiangming) ................ 1885-1975\n08 Jan 1924 - 14 Feb 1926 Hsiao Yao-nan (Xiao Yaonan) ...................... s.a\n14 Feb - 21 Feb 1926 Tu Hsi-chün (Du Xijun) ........................... 1880-1951\n21 Feb - 10 Oct 1926 Liu Tso-lung (Liu Zuolong) ....................... 1874-1934\nOct 1926 - Apr 1927 Teng Yen-ta (Deng Yanda) ......................... 1895-1931\nApr - Nov 1927 K'ung Keng (Kong Geng) ........................... 1876-1950\n19 Dec 1927 - 04 May 1929 Chang Chih-pen (Zhang Zhiben) .................... 1881-1976\n05 Apr - 04 May 1929 Hsiao Hsün (Xiao Xuan)\n04 May - 17 Dec 1929 Fang Pen-jen (Fang Benren) ....................... 1880-1953\n17 Dec 1929 - 24 Mar 1932 He Ch'eng-chün (He Chengjun) (1st Time) .......... 1882-1961\n24 Mar 1932 - 07 Jul 1933 Hsia Tou-yin (Xia Douyin) ........................ 1884-1951\n07 Jul 1933 - 17 Dec 1935 Chang Ch'ün (Zhang Qun) .......................... 1889-1990\n17 Dec 1935 - 25 Oct 1936 Yang Yung-t'ai (Yang Yongtai) .................... 1880-1936\n20 Oct - 02 Dec 1936 Lu Chu (Lu Zhi) .................................. 1889-19..\n02 Dec 1936 - 20 Nov 1937 Huang Shao-hung (Huang Shaohong) ................. 1895-1966\n20 Nov 1937 - 15 Jun 1938 He Ch'eng-chün (2nd Time)\n15 Jun 1938 - 04 Feb 1939 Ch'en Ch'eng (Chen Cheng) .......... ............. 1898-1965\n04 Feb 1939 - 31 Aug 1940 Yen Li-san (Yan Lisan) ........................... 1892-1944\n05 Nov 1939 - 07 Jun 1942 He Pei-jung (He Peirong)\n28 Jun 1942 - 03 Mar 1945 Yang Kuei-i (Yang Kuiyi) ......................... 1885-1945\nFeb 1943 - 22 Jul 1944 Chu Huai-ping (Zhu Huaibing) ..................... 1881-1968\n22 Jul 1944 - 09 Apr 1946 Wang Tung-yüan (Wang Dongyuan) ................... 1899-1997\n03 Mar - 16 Aug 1945 Ye P'eng (Ye Peng) ............................... 1897-1947\n09 Apr 1946 - 03 Apr 1948 Wan Yao-huang (Wan Yaohuang) ..................... 1893-1977\n03 Apr 1948 - 21 Feb 1949 Chang Tun-lun (Zhang Dulun) ...................... 1894-1958\n21 Feb - Nov 1949 Chu T'ing-ch'ing (Zhu Dingqing) .................. 1902-1982\n1912 Jehol special administrative region (formally part\n17 Sep 1928 Jehol province\n21 Jan 1933 - 15 Aug 1945 Under Japanese occupation, annexed to Manchukuo as\nJun 1948 Under Communist control\n30 Jul 1955 Abolished by P.R.C, part of Inner Mongolia\nFirst Secretaries of the Provincial Committee of the Communist Party\nDec 1948 - Nov 1949 Li Yün-chang (Li Yunchang) ....................... 1908-2008\nNov 1949 - 30 Jul 1955 Wang Kuo-ch'üan (Wang Guoquan) ................... 1911-2004\n06 Apr - 12 Dec 1912 Chiang Kuei-t'i (Jiang Guiti) (1st Time) ......... 1843-1922\n12 Dec 1912 - 31 Jul 1913 Hsiung Hsi-ling (Xiong Xiling) ................... 1867-1937\n01 Aug 1913 - 11 Sep 1921 Chiang Kuei-t'i (2nd Time)\n29 Jun 1920 - 11 Sep 1921 Shu Ho-chün (Shu Hejun)\n11 Sep 1921 - 29 May 1922 Chi Chin-ch'un (Ji Jinchun) ...................... 1878-1948\n30 May 1922 - 30 Jun 1924 Wang Huai-ch'ing (Wang Huaiqing) ................. 1865-1928\n01 Jul - 11 Dec 1924 Mi Chen-piao (Mi Zhenbiao) ....................... 1860-1928\n11 Dec 1924 - 30 Nov 1925 K'an Chao-hsi (Kan Chaoxi) ....................... 1884-1951\n30 Nov - 04 Dec 1925 Chang P'engfei (Zhang Pengfei) ................... 1876-1927\n04 Dec 1925 - 05 Apr 1926 Sung Che-yüan (Song Zheyuan) ..................... 1885-1940\n05 Apr 1926 - 31 Dec 1928 T'ang Yü-lin (Tang Yulin) ........................ 1871-1937\n31 Dec 1928 - 08 Mar 1933 T'ang Yü-lin (Tang Yulin)\n1933 - 1935 Chang Ping-i (Zhang Bingyi)\n1935 - 1940 Li Yün-chang (Li Yunchang) (1st Time) ............ s.a\n03 May 1940 - 09 Dec 1941 Miao Ch'eng-lin (Miao Chengliu) .................. 1901-1990\n09 Dec 1941 - 18 Feb 1948 Liu To-kuei (Liu Duoquan) ........................ 1897-1985\nNov 1945 - Jan 1949 Li Yün-chang (2nd Time)\n18 Feb - 22 Jun 1948 Fan Han-chieh (Fan Hanjie) ....................... 1894-1976\n22 Jun 1948 - 18 Dec 1949 Sun Tu (Sun Du) .................................. 1898-1967\nJan - Apr 1949 Li Tzu-kuang (Li Ziguag) ......................... 1902-1967\nApr 1949 - 19 Jan 1953 Lu Ch'eng-te (Luo Chengde) ....................... 1909-1990\nOct 1952 - Sep 1954 Shen Chao (=Shen Yüeh) (Shen Zhao) ............... 1916-1992\nSep 1954 - 30 Jul 1955 Wang Kuo-ch'üan (Wang Guoquan) ................... s.a\n1927 - 1931 Kansu Muslim-Kuominchün conflict\n02 Feb - 1931 Hehsi (Hexi) province briefly split from Kansu\nby local warlord (not recognised)\n26 Aug 1949 Under Communist control\n09 Nov 1911 - 15 Mar 1912 Huang Yüeh (Huang Yue) ........................... 1869-1943\n15 Mar 1912 - 01 May 1913 Chao Wei-hsi (Zhao Weixi) ........................ 1860-1917\n01 May 1913 - 06 Mar 1914 Chang Ping-hua (Zhang Binghua)\n06 Mar 1914 - 31 Dec 1920 Chang Kuang-chien (Zhang Guangjian) .............. 1864-1938\n01 Jan 1921 - 29 Aug 1925 Lu Hong-t'ao (Lu Hongtao) ........................ 1866-1927\n29 Aug 1925 - 09 Jan 1926 Feng Yü-hsiang (Feng Yuxiang) .................... 1882-1948\n29 Aug 1925 - 09 Jan 1926 Liu Yü-fen (Liu Yufen) ........................... 1886-1943\n09 Jan 1926 - 17 Jun 1927 Li Ming-chung (Li Mingzhong) ..................... 1887-1949\n02 Feb - 1931 Ma Chung-ying (Ma Zhongying) ..................... 1912-1937\n(for Hexi [not recognised])\n01 Jan - Sep 1912 P'eng Ying-chia (Peng Yingjia)\nSep 1912 - Feb 1913 He Tso-chi (He Zouchi)\nFeb - 01 May 1913 Chao Wei-hsi\n01 May 1913 - Jun 1914 Chang Ping-hua\nJun 1914 - 31 Dec 1920 Chang Kuang-chien\n31 Dec 1920 - 06 Oct 1921 Ts'ai Ch'eng-hsün (Cai Chengxun) ................. 1871-1946\n06 Oct 1921 - 13 Jul 1922 Pan Ling-kao (Pan Linggao) ....................... 1867-1954\n13 Jul 1922 - 28 Mar 1924 Lin Hsi-kuang (Lin Xiguang) ...................... 1882-19..\n28 Mar 1923 - 09 Oct 1925 Lu Hong-t'ao\n30 Sep - 09 Oct 1925 Yang Szu (Yang Si) ............................... 1882-1956\n09 Oct 1925 - Jun 1927 Hsüeh Tu-pi (Xue Dubi) ........................... 1892-1973\nJun 1927 - Aug 1929 Liu Yufen ........................................ s.a\nAug 1929 - Apr 1930 Sun Lien-chung (Sun Lianzhong) ................... 1893-1990\nApr - Nov 1930 Wang Chen (Wang Zhen)\nNov 1930 - Aug 1931 Ma Hung-pin (Ma Hongbin) ......................... 1884-1960\nAug - Dec 1931 Ma Wen-ch'e (Ma Wenche) .......................... 1890-1961\nDec 1931 - Apr 1932 Sun Weiju (Sun Weiru) ............................ 1896-1979\nApr 1932 - 02 May 1933 Shao Li-tzu (Shao Lizi) .......................... 1882-1967\nJan 1933 - May 1934 Teng Pao-shan (Deng Baoshan) (1st Time) .......... 1893-1968\n(acting to 02 May 1933)\nMay 1934 - 02 Nov 1935 Ch Shao-liang (Zhu Shaoliang) (1st Time) ......... 1891-1963\n02 Nov 1935 - 31 Mar 1937 Yü Hsüeh-chung (Yu Xuezhong) ..................... 1889-1964\n31 Mar 1937 - 15 Nov 1940 Ch Shao-liang (2nd Time)\n31 Mar - 28 Apr 1937 T'ien Chin-chiung (Tian Jinjiong)\n28 Apr - 17 Dec 1937 Ho Yao-tzu (He Yaozu) ............................ 1889-1961\n15 Nov 1940 - 17 Oct 1946 Ku Cheng-lun (Gu Zhenglun) ....................... 1890-1953\n17 Oct 1946 - 03 Aug 1949 Kuo Ch'i-ch'iao (Guo Jiqiao) ..................... 1902-1998\n03 Aug - 02 Dec 1949 Ma Hung-k'uei (Ma Hongkui) ....................... 1890-1953\nJun - 29 Sep 1949 Ting I-chung (Ding Yizhong) ...................... 1880-1973\n29 Sep - 02 Dec 1949 Wang Chih-ch'i (Wang Zhiqi) ...................... 1901-1985\n23 Oct - 30 Nov 1911 Provincial declaration of independence from Qing Empire\n1927 - 1934 Southern Kiangsi the core territory of the Chinese Soviet\n1934 - 22 May 1949 Under Nationalist control\n1943 - 1945 Occupied by Japan\n22 May 1949 Under Communist control\n24 Oct 1911 - 08 Jan 1912 Ma Yü-pao (Ma Yubao) ............................. 1864-1933\n02 Nov - 12 Nov 1911 Wu Chieh-chang (Wu Jiezhang) ..................... 1875-1926\n12 Nov 1911 - Dec 1911 P'eng Ch'eng-wan (Peng Chengwan) ................. 1880-1978\n08 Jan 1912 - 09 Jun 1913 Li Lie-chün (Li Liejun) .......................... 1882-1946\n09 Jun - 29 Sep 1913 Li Yüan-hung (Li Yuanhong) ....................... 1864-1928\n09 Jun 1913 - 15 Aug 1913 Ou-yang Wu (Ouyang Wu) ........................... 1881-1976\n29 Sep 1913 - 06 Aug 1917 Li Ch'un (Li Chun) ............................... 1875-1920\n06 Aug 1917 - 15 Jun 1922 Ch'en Kuang-yüan (Chen Guangyuan) ................ 1873-1939\n15 Jun 1922 - 14 Dec 1924 Ts'ai Ch'eng-hsün (Cai Chengxun) ................. 1871-1946\n14 Dec 1924 - 24 Mar 1926 Fang Pen-jen (Fang Benren) ....................... 1880-1951\n24 Mar - 06 Oct 1926 Teng Ju-cho (Deng Ruzhuo) ........................ 1888-1944\n06 Oct - 08 Nov 1926 Cheng Chün-yen (Zheng Junyan)\nGeneral Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party\n01 Dec 1931 - 17 Jan 1935 Po Ku (Bo Gu) .................................... 1907-1946\n17 Jan 1935 - 16 Oct 1934 Chang Wen-t'ien (Zhang Wentian) .................. 1900-1976\n10 Oct 1911 - 16 Dec 1912 Liu Feng-ch'i (Liu Fengqi) ....................... 1866-1933\n16 Dec 1912 - 11 Mar 1913 Wang Jui-kan (Wang Ruikai) ....................... 1875-1941\n11 Mar - 09 Jun 1913 Ts'ung-fan (Zhao Congfan) (1st Time)\n09 Jun - 29 Sep 1913 Ho Kuo-chang (He Guochang) ....................... 1856-1919\n29 Sep 1913 - 24 Jan 1914 Li Chun\n24 Jan 1914 - 21 Feb 1921 Ch'i Yang (Qi Yang) .............................. 1857-1945\n21 Feb - 13 May 1921 Chao Ts'ung-fan (2nd Time)\n21 Feb 1921 - 15 Jun 1922 Yang Ch'ing-yüan (Yang Qingyuan) ................. 1874-1928\n15 Jun 1922 - 23 Mar 1923 Hsieh Yüan-han (Xie Yuanhan) ..................... 1875-1950\n17 Sep - 04 Oct 1922 Li T'ing-yü (Li Dingyu) .......................... 1869-1952\n23 Mar - 11 Dec 1923 Hsü Yüan-hao (Xu Yuanhao) ........................ 1878-1955\n04 Oct 1922 - 01 Dec 1924 Ts'ai Ch'eng-hsün (Cai Chengxun) ................. s.a\n01 Dec 1924 - 16 Mar 1925 Hu Szu-i (Hu Siyi) ............................... 1878-1951\n16 Mar - 24 Mar 1925 Wen Ch'ün (Wen Qun) .............................. 1884-1969\n24 Mar 1925 - Mar 1926 Li Ting-k'ui (Li Dingkui) ........................ 1879-1947\nMar - 08 Nov 1926 Yang Ju-hsüan (Yang Ruxuan) ...................... 1895-1979\nFeb - Apr 1927 Li Lie-chün (Li Liejun) .......................... 1882-1946\nApr 1927 - 10 Sep 1929 Chu P'ei-te (Zhu Peide) .......................... 1889-1937\n10 Sep 1929 - 15 Dec 1931 Lu Ti-p'ing (Lu Diping) .......................... 1887-1935\n01 Dec 1931 - 16 Oct 1934 Mao Ts'e-tung (Mao Zedong) ....................... 1893-1976\n(Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the\nSoviet Republic of China)\n15 Dec 1931 - 25 Feb 1942 Hsiung Shih-hui (Xiong Shihui) ................... 1892-1974\n25 Feb 1942 - 26 Mar 1946 Ts'ao Hao-sen (Cao Haosen) ....................... 1888-1952\n06 May - 30 Dec 1943 Teng Ts'u-yü (Deng Zuyu) ......................... 1891-19..\n30 Dec 1943 - 03 Mar 1945 Kao Kuan-wu (Gao Guanwu) ......................... 1892-1957\n03 Mar - 16 Aug 1945 Huang Tzu-ch'iang (Huang Ziqiang) ................ 1895-1947\n26 Mar 1946 - 05 Apr 1948 Wang Ling-chi (Wang Lingji) ...................... 1883-1967\n03 Apr 1948 - 20 Jan 1949 Hu Chia-feng (Hu Jiafeng) ........................ 1886-1962\n20 Jan - 30 Nov 1949 Fang T'ien (Fang Tian) ........................... 1902-1991\n01 Dec 1931 - 03 Feb 1934 Mao Ts'e-tung (Mao Zedong) ....................... s.a\n03 Feb - 16 Oct 1934 Chang Wen-t'ien (Zhang Wentian) .................. s.a\n05 Nov - 30 Nov 1911 Provincial declaration of independence from Qing Empire\n1911 - 1928 Under Military rule\n15 Jul - 23 Jul 1913 Provincial declaration of independence\n1928 - 23 Apr 1949 Under Nationalist government\n08 Nov 1937 - 17 Aug 1945 Japanese occupation, under puppet Nanjing government\n05 Nov 1911 - 01 Jan 1912 Ch'eng Te-ch'üan (Cheng Dequan) (1st Time) ....... 1860-1930\n01 Jan - 12 Mar 1912 Chuang Yün-k'uan (Zhuang Yunkuan) ................ 1867-1932\n12 Mar 1912 - 17 Jul 1913 Ch'eng Te-ch'üan (2nd Time)\n17 Jul - 03 Sep 1913 Chang Tzu (Zhang Zi)\n03 Sep - 16 Dec 1913 Chang Hsün (Zhang Xun)\n16 Dec 1913 - 08 Jul 1917 Feng Kuo-chang (Feng Guozhang) ................... 1859-1919\n08 Jul - 06 Aug 1917 Ch'i Yao-lin (Qi Yaolin) ......................... 1862-1949\n06 Aug 1917 - 12 Oct 1920 Li Ch'un (Li Chun) ............................... 1875-1920\n15 Oct 1920 - 11 Dec 1924 Ch'i Hsieh-yüan (Qi Xieyuan) ..................... 1885-1946\n11 Dec 1924 - 16 Jan 1925 Han Kuo-chün (Han Guojun) ........................ 1857-1942\n16 Jan - 03 Aug 1925 Lu Yung-hsiang (Lu Yongxiang) .................... 1867-1933\n29 Aug - 25 Nov 1925 Yang Yü-t'ing (Yang Yuting) ...................... 1886-1929\n25 Nov 1925 - 24 Mar 1927 Sun Ch'uan-fang (Sun Chuanfang) .................. 1885-1935\n15 Mar - 19 Nov 1912 Li P'ing-shu (Li Pingshu) ........................ 1854-1927\n19 Nov 1912 - 06 Sep 1913 Ying Te-hung (Ying Dehong) ....................... 1876-1919\n06 Sep 1913 - 15 Jul 1914 Han Kuo-chün (Han Guojun) (1st Time) ............. s.a\n15 Jul 1914 - 18 Sep 1920 Ch'i Yao-lin (Qi Yaolin)\n18 Sep 1920 - 15 Jun 1922 Wang Hu .......................................... 1865-1933\n15 Jun 1922 - 14 Feb 1925 Han Kuo-chün (2nd Time)\n14 Feb 1925 - 1 Dec 1925 Cheng Ch'ien (Zheng Qian) ........................ 1870-1929\n1 Dec 1925 - 24 Dec 1926 Chen T'ao-i (Chen Taoyi) ......................... 1881-1946\n24 Dec 1926 - 24 Mar 1927 Hsü Ting-k'ang (Xu Dingkang) ..................... 1876-1938\n24 Mar 1927 - 17 Jul 1930 Niu Yung-chien (Niu Yongjian) .................... 1870-1965\n17 Jul 1930 - 15 Dec 1931 Yeh Ch'u-ts'ang (Ye Chucang ) .................... 1887-1946\n15 Dec 1931 - 03 Oct 1933 Ku Ch'u-t'ung (Gu Zhutong) (1st Time) ............ 1891-1987\n03 Oct 1933 - 26 Nov 1937 Ch'en Kuo-fo (Chen Guofu) ........................ 1892-1951\n26 Nov 1937 - 13 Oct 1939 Ku Ch'u-t'ung (2nd Time)\n13 Oct 1939 - 10 Jan 1945 Han Te-ch'in (Han Deqin) ......................... 1892-1988\n10 Jan 1945 - 02 Sep 1948 Wang Mao-kung (Wang Maogong) ..................... 1891-1961\n02 Sep 1948 - May 1950 Ting Chih-p'an (Ding Zhipan) ..................... 1894-1988\n09 Apr 1938 - 20 Jun 1940 Chen Tse-min (Chen Zemin) ........................ 1881-1951\n20 Jun 1940 - 01 Jan 1942 Kao Kuan-wu (Gao Guanwu) ......................... 1892-1957\n01 Jan 1942 - 09 Sep 1943 Li Shih-ch'ün (Li Shiqun) ........................ 1905-1943\n05 Oct 1943 - 11 Nov 1944 Ch'en Ch'ün (Chen Qun) ........................... 1890-1945\n11 Nov 1944 - 16 Aug 1945 Jen Yüan-tao (Ren Yuandao) ....................... 1891-1980\n09 Mar 1932 - 15 Aug 1945 Part of Japanese occupied Manchuria\n15 Aug 1945 - 03 May 1946 Soviet occupation\n15 Oct 1948 Under Communist control\n01 Jan 1912 - 13 Jun 1913 Ch'en Chao-chang (Chen Zhaochang) ................ 1868-1914\n13 Jun 1913 - 03 Jun 1914 Chang Hsi-luan (Zhang Xiluan) .................... 1843-1922\n03 Jun 1914 - 18 Oct 1917 Meng En-yüan (Meng Enyuan) (1st Time) ............ 1856-1933\n18 Oct 1917 - 29 Mar 1918 T'ien Chung-yü (Tian Zhongyu) .................... 1869-1935\n29 Mar 1918 - 06 Jul 1919 Meng En-yüan (2nd Time)\n06 Jul 1919 - 12 Mar 1921 Pao Kuei-ch'ing (Bao Guiqing) .................... 1867-1934\n12 Mar 1921 - 25 Apr 1924 Sun Lie-ch'en (Sun Liechen) ...................... 1876-1924\n28 Apr 1924 - 29 Dec 1928 Chang Tso-hsiang (Zhang Zuoxiang) ................ 1881-1949\nDec 1924 - Jul 1927 Wang Shu-han (Wang Shuhan) ....................... 1882-1955\n15 Mar 1912 - 13 Jun 1913 Ch'en Chao-chang (Chen Zhaochang) ................ s.a\n13 Jun 1913 - 15 Jul 1914 Ch'i Yao-lin (Qi Yaolin) ......................... 1862-1949\n15 Jul 1914 - 19 Aug 1915 Meng Hsian-i (Meng Xianyi) ....................... 1866-1924\n19 Aug 1915 - 22 Apr 1916 Wang I-t'ang (Wang Yitang) ....................... 1877-1948\n01 May 1916 - 23 Oct 1919 Kuo Tsung-hsi (Guo Zongxi) ....................... 1878-1934\n23 Oct 1919 - 02 Sep 1920 Hsü Nai-lin (Xu Nailin) .......................... 1867-1940\n02 Sep 1920 - 12 Mar 1921 Pao Kuei-ch'ing (Bao Guiqing) .................... s.a\n12 Mar 1921 - 25 Apr 1924 Sun Lie-ch'en (Sun Liechen) ...................... s.a\nJul - Dec 1922 K'uei Sheng (Kui Sheng) .......................... 1862-1932\n28 Apr 1924 - 29 Dec 1928 Chang Tso-hsiang (Zhang Zuoxiang) ................ s.a\nDec 1924 - Jun 1927 Wang Shuhan ...................................... 1882-1955\n31 Dec 1928 - 12 Oct 1931 Chang Tso-hsiang ................................. s.a\n12 Oct 1931 - 02 Jul 1932 Ch'eng Yün (Cheng Yun) ........................... 1881-1944\n02 Jul - Dec 1932 Ting Ch'ao (Ding Chao) ........................... 1883-1939\n09 Mar 1932 - Mar 1934 Hsi Ch'ia (Xi Qia) ............................... 1883-1950\nMar 1934 - Jul 1937 Li Ming-shu (Li Ming-shu) ........................ 1878-1939\nJul 1937 - Sep 1942 Yen Fu-fu (Yan Fufu)\n03 May 1940 - Aug 1945 Tsou Tso-hua (Zou Zuohua) ........................ 1894-1973\nSep 1942 - 15 Apr 1944 Chin Ming-shih (Jin Mingshi) ..................... 1886-1964\n15 Apr 1944 - 25 Aug 1945 Hsü Chia-huan (Xu Jiahuan) ....................... 1892-1951\n04 Sep 1945 - 02 Oct 1946 Cheng Tao-ju (Zheng Daoru) ....................... 1897-1977\nJan - Apr 1946 Wang Ning-hua (Wang Ning-hua) .................... 1904-1951\n(acting for Daoru)\n02 Oct 1946 - 24 Feb 1948 Liang Hua-sheng (Liang Huasheng) ................. 1904-1999\n04 Feb - 21 Oct 1948 Cheng Tung-kuo (Zheng Dongguo) ................... 1903-1991\n07 Nov - 30 Nov 1911 Independence declared from the Qing Empire\n15 Mar - 08 May 1916 Independent military government\nDec 1949 Under Communist control\n07 Nov 1911 - Jan 1912 Shen P'ing-kun (Shen Bingkun) .................... 1862-1913\nJan 1912 - 06 Jul 1916 Lu Yung-t'ing (Lu Rongting) (1st Time) ........... 1859-1928\n06 Jul 1916 - 10 Apr 1917 Chen P'ing-kun (Chen Bingkun) .................... 1868-1927\n10 Apr 1917 - 16 Jul 1921 T'an Hao-ming (Tan Haoming) ...................... 1871-1925\n01 Oct 1921 - May 1922 Chien Chiung-ming (Chen Jiongming) ............... 1878-1933\n(for the Southern Government)\nMay 1922 - 30 Jan 1923 Lin Chen-huan (Liu Zhenhuan) (1st Time) .......... 1890-1972\n30 Jan 1923 - 30 Jan 1924 Lin Chün-t'ing (Lin Junting) ..................... 1876-1933\n30 Jan - 09 Oct 1924 Lu Yung-t'ing (2nd Time)\n11 Nov 1924 - 12 May 1925 Li Tsung-jen (Li Zongren) ........................ 1890-1969\n12 May - 31 Jul 1925 Lu Yung-t'ing (2nd Time)\n(appointed by Tang Chi-yao of Yunnan)\n01 Jan 1912 - 19 Sep 1913 Lu Yung-t'ing (Lu Rongting)\n19 Sep - 24 Oct 1913 Wei Shao-kao (Wei Shaogao)\n24 Oct 1913 - 03 Jul 1915 Chang Ming-chi (Zhang Mingqi) .................... 1875-1945\n03 Jul - 13 Jul 1915 Li Kuo-yün (Li Guoyun) ........................... 1878-1929\n13 Jul 1915 - 06 Jul 1916 Wang Tsu-t'ung (Wang Zutong) ..................... 1861-1919\n06 Jul - 19 Jul 1916 Lup P'ei-chin (Luo Peijin) ....................... 1878-1922\n19 Jul - 08 Oct 1916 Chen P'ing-kun (Chen Bingkun) .................... s.a\n08 Oct 1916 - 25 Jul 1917 Liu Chen-ken (Liu Cheng'en) ...................... 1863-1922\n25 Jul - 21 Dec 1917 Chu Ching-lan (Zhu Qinglan) ...................... 1874-1941\n21 Dec 1917 - 1918 Li Ching-ch'eng (Li Jingcheng) ................... 1867-1944\n02 Jun 1918 - 1919 Chen P'ing-kun (2nd Time)\n1919 - 15 Jul 1921 Li Ching-ch'eng (2nd Time)\n15 Jul 1921 - 22 May 1922 Ma Chün-wu (Ma Junwu) ............................ 1882-1939\n18 Jun 1922 - 21 Mar 1923 Chang Ch'i-huang (Zhang Qihuang) ................. 1877-1927\n21 Mar 1923 - 06 Nov 1924 Lin Chün-t'ing (Lin Junting) ..................... s.a\n06 Nov 1924 - 31 Jul 1925 Liu Chen-huan (Liu Zhenhuan) ..................... s.a\n(Southern government governor)\n31 Jul 1925 - 04 May 1929 Huang Shao-hong (Huang Shaohong) ................. 1895-1966\n04 May - 12 Jun 1929 Wu T'ing-yi (Wu Tingyi)\n12 Jun - 05 Oct 1929 Yü Tso-pai (Yu Zuobai) ........................... 1889-1959\n05 Oct 1929 - 15 Jun 1930 Lü Huan-yan (Lu Huanyan) ......................... 1892-1930\n15 Jun 1930 - 13 Jul 1936 Huang Shao-hong (2nd Time)\n13 Jul 1936 - 28 Nov 1949 Huang Hsü-ch'u (Huang Xuchu) ..................... 1893-1975\n28 Nov - Dec 1949 Li P'in-hsien (Li Pinxian) ....................... 1891-1987\n09 Nov - 30 Nov 1911 Provincial declaration of independence from Qing Empire\n18 Jul - 03 Aug 1913 Provincial declaration of independence\n06 Apr - 08 May 1916 Provincial declaration of independence\n1927 - 1928 Hailufeng Soviet Worker-Peasant-Soldier government\n1928 - 1936 Autonomous under warlord control\n21 Oct 1938 - 31 Aug 1945 Occupied by Japan\n16 Oct 1949 Communist control\n09 Nov - 12 Dec 1911 Hu Han-min (Hu Hanmin) .......................... 1879-1936\n12 Dec 1911 - 25 Apr 1912 Ch'en Chiung-ming (Chen Jiongming) .............. 1878-1933\n25 Apr 1912 - 14 Jun 1913 Hu Han-min (2nd Time)\n14 Jun - 03 Aug 1913 Ch'en Chiung-ming (2nd Time)\n03 Aug 1913 - 06 Jul 1916 Lung Chi-kuang (Long Jiguang) ................... 1867-1925\n10 Jul 1916 - 10 Apr 1917 Lu Jung-t'ing (Lu Rongting) ..................... 1859-1928\n10 Apr - 29 Oct 1917 Chen P'ing-kun (Chen Bingkun) ................... 1868-1927\n29 Oct - Nov 1917 Li Yao-han (Li Yaohan) .......................... 1878-1942\nNov 1917 - 26 Oct 1920 Mo Jung-hsin (Mo Rongxin) ....................... 1853-1930\n29 Nov 1920 - 15 Jan 1923 Ch'en Chiung-ming (3rd Time)\n20 Jan - 20 Mar 1923 Hsü Ch'ung-chih (Xu Chongzhi) ................... 1887-1965\n20 Mar 1923 - 18 May 1924 Shen Hung-ying (Shen Hongying) .................. 1871-1938\n18 May 1924 - Jul 1925 Lin Hu .......................................... 1887-1960\n1928 - 1936 Chen Chi-tang (Chen Jitang) ..................... 1890-1954\n("Heavenly King of the South")\n12 Feb 1912 - 14 Jun 1913 Hu Han-min (1st Time) ........................... s.a\n14 Jun 1913 Ch'en Chao-ch'ang (Chen Chaochang) .............. 1867-1914\n14 Jun - 13 Sep 1913 Lung Chi-kuang (Long Jiguang) (1st Time) ........ s.a\n13 Sep 1913 - 26 May 1914 Li K'ai-shen (Li Kaishen) ....................... 1871-1929\n26 May 1914 - 03 Jul 1915 Li Kuo-yün (Li Guoyun) .......................... 1878-1929\n03 Jul - 18 Oct 1915 Chang Ming-ch'i (Zhang Mingqi) .................. s.a\n18 Oct 1915 - 06 Jul 1916 Lung Chi-kuang (2nd Time)\n06 Jul 1916 - 27 Aug 1917 Chu Ch'ing-lan (Zhu Qinglan) .................... 1874-1941\n25 Jul - 31 Aug 1917 Liu Ch'en-ken (Liu Cheng'en) .................... 1863-1922\n(appointed by Peking)\n31 Jul 1917 - 20 Sep 1918 Li Yao-han (Li Yaohan) .......................... s.a\n20 Sep 1918 - 12 Jun 1919 Chai Wang (Zhai Wang) ........................... 1877-1941\n12 Jun 1919 Chang Chin-fang (Zhang Jinfang) ................. 1854-1921\n12 Jun 1919 - 10 Nov 1920 Mo Jong-hsin (Mo Rongxin) ....................... s.a\n10 Nov 1920 - 21 Apr 1922 Ch'en Chiung-ming (Chen Jiongming) .............. s.a\n21 Apr - 27 Jun 1922 Wu T'ing-fang (Wu Tingfang) ..................... 1842-1922\n27 Jun - 28 Aug 1922 Wei Pang-p'ing (Wei Bangping) ................... 1884-1935\n28 Aug 1922 - 20 Jan 1923 Ch'en Hsi-ju (Chen Xiru) ........................ 1859-1937\n20 Jan - 26 Jan 1923 Hu Hanmin (2nd Time)\n22 Feb - 07 May 1923 Hsü Shao-chen (Xu Shaozhen) ..................... 1861-1936\n07 May 1923 - 07 Feb 1924 Liao Chung-k'ai (Liao Zhongkai) (1st Time) ...... 1877-1925\n07 Feb - 18 May 1924 Yang Shu-kan (Yang Shukan) ...................... 1881-1942\n18 May - 13 Jun 1924 Yeh Chün (Ye Ju) ................................ 1881-1934\n13 Jun - 13 Sep 1924 Liao Chung-k'ai (2nd Time)\n13 Sep 1924 - 01 Jul 1925 Hu Han-min (3rd Time)\n01 Jul - Aug 1925 Hsü Ch'ung-chih (Xu Chongzhi) ................... s.a\nAug 1925 - 10 Nov 1926 Ch'en Shu-jen (Chen Shuren) ..................... 1883-1948\n13 Nov - 07 Dec 1926 Sun K'o (Sun Ke) ................................ 1891-1973\n07 Dec 1926 - 03 Jul 1928 Li Chi-shen (Li Jishen) ......................... 1886-1959\n1927 - 1928 P'eng P'ai (Peng Pai) ........................... 1896-1929\n(Chairman of the Hailufeng Soviet)\n27 Nov 1928 - 12 May 1931 Ch'en Ming-shu (Chen Mingshu) ................... 1889-1965\n12 May 1931 - 03 May 1936 Ch'en Chi-tang (Chen Jitang) .................... 1890-1954\nSep 1931 - May 1932 Wu Chao-shu (Wu Chaoshu) ........................ 1887-1934\n03 May - 13 Jul 1936 Lin Yün-kai (Lin Yungai) ........................ 1881-1948\n29 Jul 1936 - 20 Mar 1937 Huang Mu-sung (Huang Musong) .................... 1884-1937\n24 Mar 1937 - 23 Dec 1938 Wu T'ieh-ch'eng (Wu Tiecheng) ................... 1888-1953\n21 Oct 1938 - 10 May 1940 P'eng T'ung-yüan (Peng Dongyuan) ................ 1882-1944\n23 Dec 1938 - 13 Aug 1945 Li Han-hun (Li Han-hun) ......................... 1895-1987\n23 Apr - 08 Nov 1940 Ch'en Kong-po (Chen Gongbo) ..................... 1892-1946\n08 Nov 1940 - 04 Apr 1944 Ch'en Yao-tsu (Chen Yaozu) ...................... 1892-1944\n14 Apr 1944 - 26 Apr 1945 Ch'en Ch'un-p'u (Chen Chunpu) ................... 1900-1966\n26 Apr - 13 Aug 1945 Ch'un Min-yi (Chu Minyi) ........................ 1884-1946\n14 Aug 1945 - 20 Sep 1947 Luo Cho-ying (Luo Zhuoying) ..................... 1896-1961\n20 Sep 1947 - 21 Jan 1949 Sung Tzu-wen (Song Ziwen) ....................... 1894-1971\n21 Jan 1949 - 23 Apr 1950 Hsüeh Yüeh (Xue Yue) ............................ 1896-1998\n(in Hainan from 15 Oct 1949, then Taiwan)\n04 Nov - 30 Nov 1911 Kweichow split from Yunnan province and declares\nindependence from Qing Empire\n27 Jan - 08 May 1916 Provincial declaration of independence\n1921 - 1935 Autonomous under local warlords\nDec 1949 Under Communist government\n04 Nov 1911 - 18 Mar 1912 Yang Chin-ch'eng (Yang Jincheng) ................ 1880-1922\n18 Mar 1912 - 28 Sep 1913 T'ang Chi-yao (Tang Jiyao) ...................... 1881-1927\n28 Sep 1913 - 13 Nov 1920 Liu Hsien-shih (Liu Xianshi) (1st Time) ......... 1870-1927\n28 Jan 1921 - 02 Apr 1922 Lu T'ao (Lu Tao) ................................ 1882-1949\n02 Apr - 09 Apr 1922 Liu Hsien-shih (2nd Time)\n21 Apr 1922 - 12 Mar 1923 Yüan Tsu-ming (Yuan Zuming) ..................... 1889-1927\n12 Mar 1923 - 23 Jan 1925 Tang Chi-yü (Tang Jiyu) ......................... 1890-1925\n23 Jan - 17 Feb 1925 P'eng Han-chang (Peng Hanzhang) ................. 1890-1927\n17 Feb 1925 - 01 Jun 1926 Wang T'ien-p'ei (Wang Tianpei) .................. 1888-1927\n01 Jun 1926 - Oct 1928 Chou Hsi-ch'eng (Zhou Xicheng) .................. 1893-1929\nNov 1931 - 17 Apr 1935 Wang Chia-lieh (Wang Jialie) .................... 1893-1966\n30 Nov 1911 - 10 Mar 1912 Chou P'ei-i (Zhou Peiyi) ........................ 1879-1958\n10 Mar - 26 Apr 1912 T'ang Erh-yung (Tang Eryong)\n26 Apr 1912 - 24 Jun 1913 T'ang Chi-yao (Tang Jiyao)\n24 Jun 1913 - 13 Nov 1914 T'ai K'an (Dai Kan) (1st Time) .................. 1880-1917\n13 Nov 1914 - 15 Jan 1916 Lung Chien-chang (Long Jianzhang) ............... 1872-19..\n15 Jan - 06 Jul 1916 Liu Hsian-ch'ien (Liu Xianqian) ................. 1865-1937\n06 Jul - 09 Aug 1916 T'ai K'an (2nd Time)\n09 Aug 1916 - 13 Nov 1920 Liu Hsien-shih (Liu Xianshi) (1st Time)\n28 Jan 1921 - Mar 1922 Jen K'o-ch'eng (Ren Kecheng) .................... 1878-1945\nMar - 18 Mar 1922 Wang Po-chün (Wang Boqun) ....................... 1885-1944\n18 Mar 1922 - 12 Mar 1923 Yüan Tsu-ming (Yuan Zuming) (1st Time) .......... s.a\n19 Apr 1923 - 17 Feb 1925 Liu Hsien-shih (2nd Time)\n17 Feb 1925 - 01 Jun 1926 P'eng Han-chang (Peng Hanzhang) ................. s.a\n01 Jun 1926 - 11 Jun 1929 Chou Hsi-ch'eng (Zhou Xicheng) .................. s.a\nJun - Jul 1929 Li Shen ......................................... 1889-1930\n02 Oct 1929 - 30 Mar 1932 Mao Kuang-hsiang (Mao Guangxiang) ............... 1893-1947\n30 Mar - 26 Dec 1932 Wang Chia-lieh (Wang Jialie) (1st Time) ......... s.a\n26 Dec 1932 - 08 Apr 1933 Yu Kuo-ts'ai (You Guocai) ....................... 1897-1950\n08 Apr 1933 - 17 Apr 1935 Wang Chia-lieh (2nd Time)\n17 Apr 1935 - 02 Aug 1936 Wu Chung-hsin (Wu Zhongxin) ..................... 1884-1959\n02 Aug 1936 - 12 May 1937 Ku Chu't'ung (Gu Zhutong) ....................... 1891-1987\n12 May - 30 Sep 1937 Hsüeh Yüeh (Xue Yue) ............................ 1896-1998\n01 Oct - 20 Nov 1937 Sun Hsi-wen (Sun Xiwen) ......................... 1892-1948\n20 Nov 1937 - 18 Jan 1945 Wu T'ing-ch'ang (Wu Dingchang) .................. 1884-1950\n18 Jan 1945 - 05 Apr 1948 Yang Sen ........................................ 1887-1977\n05 Apr 1948 - Dec 1949 Ku Cheng-lun (Gu Zhenglun) ...................... 1890-1953\n1945 Province of Liaochi created from part of Fengtian\n01 Jun 1946 Renamed Liaopeh\n21 Apr 1949 Incorporated into Liodong\nFirst Secretary of the Provincial Committee of the Communist Party\n01 Jun 1946 - 10 May 1949 T'ao Chu (Tao Zhu) .............................. 1908-1969\n04 Sep 1945 - 18 Feb 1948 Liu Han-tung (Liu Handong) ...................... 1894-1950\n1946 - 1947 Li Yü-wen (Li Yuwen)\n1947 - 1949 Yen Pao-hang (Yan Baohang) ...................... 1895-1968\n18 Feb 1948 - 1949 Hsü Liang (Xu Liang) ............................ 1893-1951\n17 Sep 1928 Ningxia province, split from Kansu\n23 Sep 1949 Under Communist control\n29 Jul - 20 Sep 1912 Ch'ang Lian (Chang Lian)\n20 Sep 1912 - 31 Dec 1920 Ma Fu-hsiang (Ma Fuxiang) ....................... 1876-1932\n07 Jan 1921 - Dec 1928 Ma Hung-pin (Ma Hongbin) ........................ 1883-1960\nDec 1928 - May 1929 Men Chin-chung (Men Zhizhong) ................... 1888-1960\nMay 1929 - 30 Aug 1930 Chi Hung-ch'ang (Ji Hongchang) .................. 1895-1934\nMay 1929 - May 1930 Feng An-pang (Feng Anbang) ...................... 1885-1938\nMay - Oct 1930 Ma Hung-pin (Ma Hongbin)\nOct 1930 - 09 Jun 1931 Ma Fu-shou (Ma Fushou) .......................... 1890-1961\n13 Jun 1931 - 13 Oct 1949 Ma Hung-k'uei (Ma Hongkui) ...................... 1892-1970\n1945 Nunkiang province created from part of Heilungkiang\n07 Jan - 17 Sep 1947 Merged with Heilungkiang and Heinen\n15 May 1949 Re-incorporated into Heilungkiang\nFirst Secretaries of the Executive Committee of the Communist Party\n09 Nov 1947 - 20 Oct 1948 Liu Hsi-wu (Liu Xiwu) ........................... 1904-1970\n20 Oct 1948 - 15 May 1949 Ku Chuo-hsin (Gu Zhuoxin) ....................... 1910-2002\n04 Sep 1945 - 24 Apr 1946 P'eng Chi-ch'ün (Peng Jiqun)\n14 Nov 1945 - 15 May 1949 Yü I-fu (Yu Yifu) ............................... 1903-1982\n(Communist [for Heinen 07 Jan-17 Sep 1947)\n11 Nov - 27 Nov 1911 Provincial declaration of independence from Qing Empire\n1911 - 1937 Under warlord control\n1938 - 1945 Japanese occupation\n12 Aug 1949 Under Communist control\n30 Oct - 17 Dec 1911 Sun Pao-ch'i (Sun Baoqi) ........................ 1867-1931\n17 Dec 1911 - 19 Mar 1912 Hu Ying ......................................... 1884-1933\n19 Mar - 28 Mar 1912 Yü Tse-ta (Yu Zeda)\n28 Mar 1912 - 18 Aug 1913 Chao Tzu-ch'i (Zhou Ziqi) ....................... 1869-1923\n18 Aug 1913 - 30 May 1916 Chin Yün-p'eng (Jin Yunpeng) .................... 1877-1951\n30 May 1916 - 20 Jun 1918 Chang Huai-chih (Zhang Huaizhi) ................. 1860-1934\n28 Jun 1918 - 26 Dec 1919 Chang Shu-yüan (Zhang Shuyuan) .................. 1879-1934\n26 Dec 1919 - 15 Oct 1923 T'ien Chung-yü (Tian Zhongyu) ................... 1869-1935\n15 Oct 1923 - 24 Apr 1925 Cheng Shih-ch'i (Zheng Shiqi) ................... 1873-1935\n24 Apr 1925 - 03 May 1928 Chang Tsung-ch'ang (Zhang Zongchang) ............ 1881-1932\n19 Mar 1912 - 18 Aug 1913 Chao Tzu-ch'i (Zhou Ziqi) ....................... s.a\n18 Aug 1913 - 11 Feb 1914 T'ien Wen-lieh (Tian Wenlie) .................... 1853-1924\n11 Feb - 09 May 1914 Kao Ching-ch'i (Gao Jingqi)\n09 May 1914 - 06 Jul 1916 Ts'ai Ju-k'ai (Cai Rukai) ....................... 1869-1923\n06 Jul - 07 Oct 1916 Sun Fa-hsü (Sun Faxu) ........................... 1871-19..\n07 Oct 1916 - 27 Jun 1918 Chang Huai-chih (Zhang Huaizhi)\n28 Jun 1918 - 12 Feb 1919 Chang Shu-yüan (Zhang Shuyuan)\n12 Feb - 27 Jul 1919 Shen Ming-ch'ang (Shen Mingchang) ............... 1870-19..\n27 Jul - 26 Dec 1919 Ch'ü Ying-kuang (Qu Yingguang) .................. 1883-1973\n26 Dec 1919 - 24 Jun 1920 T'ien Chung-yü (Tian Zhongyu) (1st Time)\n24 Jun - 20 Oct 1920 Ch'i Yao-shan (Qi Yaoshan) ...................... 1879-1946\n20 Oct 1920 - 05 Apr 1922 T'ien Chung-yü (2nd Time)\n05 Apr - 15 Jun 1922 Han Kuo-chün (Han Guojun) ....................... 1857-1942\n15 Jun - 30 Sep 1922 Wang Hu ......................................... 1865-1933\n30 Sep 1922 - 14 Nov 1924 Hsiung Ping-ch'i (Xiong Bingqi) ................. 1867-1931\n14 Nov 1924 - 08 Jul 1925 Kung Chi-ping (Gong Jibing) ..................... 1871-1934\n08 Jul 1925 - 20 Mar 1928 Chang Tsung-ch'ang (Zhang Zongchang) ............ s.a\n20 Mar - 03 May 1928 Lin Hsia-tsu (Lin Xianzu) ....................... 1892-1980\n21 May - 28 May 1928 Sun Liang-ch'eng (Sun Liangcheng) ............... 1893-1951\n28 May 1928 - Apr 1929 Shih Ching-t'ing (Shi Jingting) ................. 1886-1969\nApr - 02 May 1929 Lu Hsiu-wen (Lu Xiuwen) ......................... 1886-19..\n18 May 1929 - 12 Sep 1930 Ch'en T'iao-yüan (Chen Diaoyuan) ................ 1886-1943\n12 Sep 1930 - 23 Jan 1938 Han Fu-chü (Han Fuju) ........................... 1890-1938\n23 Jan 1938 - 09 Jan 1942 Shen Hung-lieh (Shen Honglie) ................... 1881-1969\n05 Mar 1938 - Mar 1940 Ma Liang ........................................ 1875-1947\nMar 1940 - 20 Feb 1945 T'ang Yang-tu (Tang Yangdu) ..................... 1888-1951\nJun - Nov 1941 Yü Hsüeh-chung (Yu Xuezhong) .................... 1889-1964\n09 Jan 1942 - 30 Dec 1944 Mou Chung-heng (Mou Zhonggeng) .................. 1889-1981\n30 Dec 1944 - 23 Oct 1946 Ho Szu-yüan (He Siyuan) ......................... 1895-1982\n20 Feb - Aug 1945 Yang Yü-hsün (Yang Yuxun) ....................... 1895-1947\n23 Oct 1946 - 30 Dec 1948 Wang Yao-wu (Wang Yaowu) .. ..................... 1904-1968\n30 Dec 1948 - 12 Aug 1949 Ch'in Te-ch'un (Qin Dechun) ..................... 1893-1963\n29 Oct - 30 Nov 1911 Provincial declaration of independence\n1912 - 1948 Under warlord rule\n15 Oct 1937 - 17 Aug 1945 Under Japanese occupation\n15 Oct 1937 - 01 Sep 1939 North Shanxi (Jinbei) autonomous government\n01 Sep 1939 Japanese North Shanxi merged with Mengkiang\n22 Apr 1949 Under Communist control\n29 Oct 1911 - 03 Jun 1927 Yen Hsi-shan (Yan Xishan) ....................... 1883-1960\n15 Mar - 24 Mar 1912 Li Sheng-to (Li Shengduo) ....................... 1859-1937\n24 Mar - 15 Sep 1912 Chou Po (Zhou Bo)\n15 Sep - 30 Dec 1912 Ku Ju-yung (Gu Ruyong) .......................... 1853-1916\n30 Dec 1912 - 23 Jan 1913 Chang Jui-chi (Zhang Ruiji) ..................... 1872-1928\n23 Jan - 04 Jun 1913 Chao Yüan (Zhao Yuan) ........................... 1857-1913\n04 Jun 1913 - 26 May 1914 Ch'en Yü (Chen Yu) .............................. 1860-1919\n26 May 1914 - 06 Jul 1916 Chin Yung (Jin Yong) ............................ 18..-1916\n06 Jul - 07 Oct 1916 Shen Ming-ch'ang (Shen Mingchang) ............... 1870-1919\n07 Oct 1916 - 03 Sep 1917 Sun Fa-hsü (Sun Faxu) ........................... 1871-19..\n03 Sep 1917 - 10 Aug 1929 Yan Hsi-shan (Yan Xishan) ....................... s.a\n10 Aug 1929 - 11 Aug 1931 Shang Chen (Shang Zhen) ......................... 1888-1978\n11 Aug 1931 - 27 May 1936 Hsü Yung-ch'ang (Xu Yongchang) .................. 1889-1959\n27 May 1936 - 16 Mar 1938 Chao Tai-wen (Zhao Daiwen) ...................... 1895-1979\n16 Mar 1938 - 29 Mar 1949 Yen Hsi-shan\n29 Mar - 22 Apr 1949 Liang Hua-chih (Liang Huazhi) ................... 1906-1949\nJapanese appointed governors\n15 Oct 1937 - 01 Sep 1939 Hsia Kong (Xia Gong) ............................ 1872-1941\n(Chairman of the North Shanxi Autonomous Government)\n10 Dec 1937 - 28 Jan 1943 Su T'i-jen (Su Tiren) ........................... 1889-1979\n28 Jan 1943 - 19 Jun 1944 Feng Szu-chih (Feng Sizhi) ...................... 1884-1949\n19 Jun 1944 - 1945 Wang Chi (Wang Ji) .............................. 1885-1953\n24 Oct - 30 Nov 1911 Shensi province delcares independence from Qing Empire\n29 May - 22 Jun 1917 Provincial declaration of independence\nMay 1949 Under Communist control\n23 Oct 1911 - 20 Jun 1914 Chang Feng-hui (Zhang Fenghui) .................. 1881-1958\n20 Jun 1914 - 10 Jun 1916 Lu Chien-chang (Lu Jianzhang) ................... 1862-1918\n10 Jun 1916 - 25 May 1921 Ch'en Shu-fan (Chen Shufan) ..................... 1885-1949\n25 May - 23 Aug 1921 Yen Hsiang-wen (Yan Xiangwen) ................... 1875-1921\n23 Aug 1921 - 10 May 1922 Feng Yü-hsiang (Feng Yuxiang) ................... 1880-1948\n10 May 1922 - 01 May 1925 Liu Chen-hua (Liu Zhenhua) ...................... 1883-1956\n01 May - 29 Aug 1925 Wu Hsin-t'ien (Wu Xintian) ...................... 1876-1955\n29 Aug - 25 Dec 1925 Sun Yüeh (Sun Yue) .............................. 1878-1928\n19 Jan - 11 Apr 1926 Li Yü-long (Li Yunlong) ......................... 1890-1954\n11 Apr - 31 May 1926 Li Hu-ch'en (Li Huchen) ......................... 1889-1954\n31 May - 27 Nov 1926 Chin Yün-e (Jin Yune) ........................... 1879-1935\n12 Jul 1912 - 19 Oct 1913 Chang Feng-hui (Zhang Fenghui)\n19 Oct 1913 - 14 Jan 1914 Kao Tseng-chüeh (Gao Zengjue) ................... 1863-1932\n14 Jan - 17 Jul 1914 Sung Lien-k'uei (Song Liankui) .................. 1870-1951\n17 Jul - 07 Oct 1914 Miu Ch'uan-shan (Niu Chuanshan) ................. 1877-1941\n07 Oct 1914 - 10 Jun 1916 Lu Tiao-yüan (Lu Diaoyuan) ...................... 1865-1932\n10 Jun - 29 Jul 1916 Ch'en Shu-fan (Chen Shufan) (1st Time) .......... s.a\n29 Jul 1916 - 27 Feb 1917 Li Ken-yüan (Li Genyuan) ........................ 1879-1965\n27 Feb 1917 - 23 Mar 1918 Ch'en Shu-fan (2nd Time)\n23 Mar 1918 - 18 Jun 1922 Liu Chen-hua (Liu Zhenhua) (1st Time) ........... s.a\n18 Jun - 05 Aug 1922 Chang Shao-tseng (Zhang Shaozeng) ............... 1871-1928\n05 Aug 1922 - 01 May 1925 Liu Chen-hua (2nd Time)\n01 May 1925 - 11 Apr 1926 Liu Chih-chou (Liu Zhizhou) ..................... 1882-1963\n11 Apr 1926 - Oct 1927 Sun Yüeh (Sun Yue) .............................. s.a\nJun 1927 - 29 Oct 1930 Yü Yu-jen (Yu Youren) ........................... 1879-1964\nJun - Nov 1927 Shih Ching-t'ing (Shi Jingting) ................. 1884-1969\nNov 1927 - Apr 1930 Sung Che-yüan (Song Zheyuan) .................... 1885-1940\nMay - Jun 1928 T'ien Hsiung-fei (Tian Xiongfei) ................ 1888-19..\nApr 1929 - 29 Oct 1930 Liu Yü-fen (Liu Yufen) .......................... 1886-1943\n29 Oct 1930 - 04 May 1933 Yang Hu-ch'eng (Yang Hucheng) ................... 1893-1949\n04 May 1933 - 05 Jan 1937 Shao Li-tzu (Shao Lizi) ......................... 1882-1967\nDec 1936 - Feb 1937 Wang I-shan (Wang Yishan) ....................... 1884-1955\n05 Jan 1937 - 16 Jun 1938 Sun Wei-ju (Sun Weiru) .......................... 1895-1979\n16 Jun 1938 - 19 Jun 1941 Chiang Ting-wen (Jiang Dingwen) ................. 1895-1974\nFeb 1939 - Jun 1941 Li Ken-yüan (Li Genyuan)\n19 Jun 1941 - 04 Mar 1944 Hsiung Pin (Xiong Bin) .......................... 1893-1964\n04 Mar 1944 - 08 Jul 1948 Chu Shao-chou (Zhu Shouzhou) .................... 1893-1976\n08 Jul 1948 - 05 Dec 1949 Tung Chao (Dong Zhao) ........................... 1901-1977\n1912 - 1944 Under Xinjiang military clique\n12 Nov 1933 - 06 Feb 1934 Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan (in rebellion)\n26 Sep 1949 Under Communist control (Nationalist resistence to Mar 1950)\n15 Mar - 25 Apr 1912 Yüan Ta-hua (Yuan Dahua)\n25 Apr - 07 May 1912 Yüan Hung-yu (Yuan Hongyou) ..................... 18..-1912\n07 May 1912 - 06 Jul 1928 Yang Tseng-hsin (Yang Zengxin) .................. 1867-1928\n14 Apr 1933 - 29 Aug 1944 Sheng Shih-ts'ai (Sheng Shicai) ................. 1897-1970\n18 May 1912 - 07 Jul 1928 Yang Tseng-hsin (Yang Zengxin)\n07 Jul - 09 Jul 1928 Fan Yaonan ...................................... 1879-1928\n09 Jul 1928 - 12 Apr 1933 Chin Shu-jen (Jin Shuren) ....................... 1879-1941\n14 Apr 1933 - 18 Oct 1934 Liu Wen-long (Liu Wenlong) ...................... 1870-1950\n(imprisoned by Sheng from Sep 1933)\nSep 1933 - 05 Mar 1934 Chu Ju-hsi (Zhu Ruishi) ......................... 1862-1934\n(appointed by Sheng)\n05 Mar 1934 - 29 Apr 1944 Sheng Shih-ts'ai (Sheng Shicai) ................. 1897-1971\n29 Aug 1944 - 29 Mar 1946 Wu Chung-hsin (Wu Zhongxin) ..................... 1884-1959\n29 Mar 1946 - 21 May 1947 Chang Chih-chung (Zhang Zhizhong) ............... 1891-1969\n21 May 1947 - 31 Dec 1948 Mas'ud Sabri (Mai-szu-wu-te) .................... 1887-1951\n31 Dec 1948 - 26 Sep 1949 Burhan Shahidi (Pao Erh-an) ..................... 1894-1989\n(continues as a Communist governor to 1955)\n26 Sep 1949 - 27 Jul 1971 Hadji Yolbars Khan .............................. 1889-1971\n(in Taiwan exile from 1950)\n01 Oct 1945 Pinkiang province created from part of Heilungkiang\n12 Jan 1946 Renamed Songkiang (Songjiang)\n20 Jun 1946 Under Communist control\n01 Aug 1954 Re-incorporated into Heilungkiang\nAug 1948 - Jun 1952 Chang Ts'e (Zhang Ce) ........................... 1911-1999\nJun 1952 - 31 Jul 1954 Li Ch'ang-ch'ing (Li Changqing) ................. 1904-1960\n01 Oct 1945 - 12 Jan 1946 Hsieh Yü-ch'in (Xie Yuqin)\n12 Jan 1946 - 13 Nov 1947 Kuan Chi-yü (Guan Jiyu) ......................... 1899-1975\n24 Apr 1946 - Jun 1952 Feng Chung-yün (Feng Zhongyun) .................. 1908-1968\n13 Nov 1947 - 24 Apr 1948 Hong Fang (Hung Fang)\nJun 1952 - 31 Jul 1954 Ch'iang Hsiao-ch'u (Qiang Xiaochu) .............. 1918-2007\nOct 1912 Suiyüan special administrative region created from\npart of Manchuria\n17 Sep 1928 Suiyüan province\n14 Oct 1937 - 02 Sep 1945 Japanese occupation of half of Suiyüan\n19 Sep 1949 Under Communist control\n19 Jun 1954 Part of Inner Mongolia\nJun 1949 - Aug 1952 Kao K'o-lin (Gao Kelin) ......................... 1907-2001\nAug 1952 - 19 Jun 1954 Ulaanchüü (=Yun Ze) (Wu-lam-fu) ................. 1906-1988\n12 Oct 1912 - 21 Apr 1914 Chang Shao-tseng (Zhang Shaozeng) ............... 1871-1928\n21 Apr 1914 - 07 Jan 1916 P'an Chü-ying (Pan Juying) ...................... 1882-1951\n07 Oct 1916 - 27 Jul 1917 Chang Yen-hsing (Jiang Yanxing) ................. 1875-1941\n27 Jul - 06 Aug 1917 Ch'en Kuang-yüan (Chen Guangyuan) ............... 1873-1939\n06 Aug 1917 - 31 Dec 1920 Ts'ai Ch'eng-hsün (Cai Chengxun) ................ 1871-1946\n31 Dec 1920 - 04 Jan 1925 Ma Fu-hsiang (Ma Fuxiang) ....................... 1876-1932\n31 Dec 1920 - 26 May 1921 Chu Teng-kao (Zhu Denggao)\n04 Jan 1925 - 09 Jan 1926 Li Min-chung (Li Minzhong) ...................... 1887-1949\n09 Jan - 09 Sep 1926 Liu Yü-fen (Liu Yufen) .......................... 1886-1943\n09 Sep 1926 - 13 Nov 1927 Shang Chen (Shang Zhen) ......................... 1888-1978\n13 Nov 1927 - Jun 1928 Chi Chin-ch'un (Ji Jinchun) ..................... 1886-1943\nJun - 20 Oct 1928 Li P'ei-chi (Li Peiji) .......................... 1885-1970\n20 Oct 1928 - 24 Aug 1929 Hsü Yung-ch'ang (Xu Yongchang) .................. 1887-1959\n24 Aug 1929 - 19 Aug 1931 Li P'ei-chi\n19 Aug 1931 - 15 Oct 1946 Fu Tso-i (Fu Zuoyi) ............................. 1893-1974\n1937 - 1945 Wang Ying ....................................... 1895-1951\n(appointed by Japan)\n15 Oct 1946 - Dec 1949 Tung Ch'i-wu (Dong Qiwu) ........................ 1899-1989\n(Communist from 19 Sep 1949)\nDec 1949 - Jun 1952 Yang Chih-lin (Yang Zhilin) ..................... 1911-1992\nAug 1952 - 19 Jun 1954 Ulaanchüü (Wu-lam-fu) ........................... s.a\n22 Nov 1911 - 02 Feb 1912 Provincial delcaration of independence from Qing Empire\n27 Nov 1911 Military government in Chengdu declares independence\n04 Aug - 11 Sep 1913 Szechwan declared independent\n1920 - 1934 No central government control\n1934 Under Nationalist government\n27 Dec 1949 Under Communist control\n28 Mar 1950 Evacuation of last Nationalist forces\n22 Nov 1911 - 12 Mar 1912 Chang P'ei-chüeh (Zhang Peijue) ................. 1879-1915\n27 Nov - 08 Dec 1911 P'u Tien-chün (Pu Dianjun) ...................... 1875-1934\n22 Dec 1911 - 13 Jun 1913 Yin Ch'ang-heng (Yin Chengheng) ................. 1884-1952\n13 Jun 1913 - 22 Jun 1915 Hui Ching-i (Hu Jingyi) ......................... 1878-1950\n22 Jun 1915 - 24 May 1916 Ch'en Huan (Chen Huan) .......................... 1870-1954\n24 May - 24 Jun 1916 Chao Chün (Zhou Jun) ............................ 1884-1923\n24 Jun - 08 Nov 1916 Ts'ai O (Cai E) ................................. 1882-1916\n08 Nov 1916 - 20 Apr 1917 Luo P'ei'chin (Luo Peijin) ...................... 1878-1922\n20 Apr - 17 Jul 1917 Tai K'an (Dai Kan) .............................. 1880-1917\n17 Jul - 03 Dec 1917 Chou Tao-kang (Zhou Daogang) .................... 1875-1953\n18 Dec 1917 - Feb 1918 Liu Ts'un-hou (Liu Cunhou) (1st Time) ........... 1884-1962\nFeb 1918 - 19 Nov 1919 Hsiong K'o-wu (Xiong Kewu) ...................... 1885-1970\n30 Dec 1919 - 12 Feb 1921 Liu Ts'un-hou (2nd Time)\n06 Jun 1921 - 24 May 1922 Liu Hsiang (Liu Xiang) (1st Time) ............... 1890-1938\n24 May - 12 Jul 1922 Wang Ling-chi (Wang Lingji) ..................... 1883-1967\n12 Jul 1922 - 28 Jul 1923 Liu Ch'eng-hsün (Liu Chengxun) .................. 1883-1944\n28 Jul 1923 - 27 May 1924 Liu Hsiang (2nd Time)\n27 May 1924 - 16 May 1925 Yang Sen ........................................ 1887-1977\n16 May 1925 - 1926 Liu Hsiang (3rd Time)\n1926 - 24 Jan 1927 Teng Hsi-hou (Deng Xihou) ....................... 1889-1945\n24 Jan 1927 - 07 Dec 1928 Lai Hsin-hui (Lai Xinhui) ....................... 1884-1942\n22 Dec 1911 - 12 Jul 1912 Yin Ch'ang-heng (Yin Changheng) ................. s.a\n12 Jul 1912 - 16 Sep 1913 Chang P'ei-chüeh (Zhang Peijue) ................. s.a\n24 Sep 1913 - 12 Mar 1915 Ch'en T'ing-chieh (Chen Tingjie) ................ 1875-1955\n12 Mar - 01 May 1915 Liu Ying-tse (Liu Yingze)\n01 May 1915 - 14 Apr 1916 Chen Huan ....................................... s.a\n14 Apr - 24 May 1916 Huang Kuo-hsüan (Huang Guoxuan) ................. 1857-1919\n24 May - 24 Jun 1916 Liu T'i-ch'ien (Liu Tiquan) ..................... 1880-1940\n24 Jun - Sep 1916 Ts'ai O (Cai E) ................................. s.a\nSep 1916 - Apr 1917 Luo P'ei'chin (Luo Peijin) ...................... s.a\nApr - Aug 1917 Tai K'an (Dai Kan) .............................. s.a\n24 Aug 1917 - Dec 1920 Chang Lan (Zhang Lan) ........................... 1872-1955\n30 Dec 1920 - Jun 1921 Hsiong K'o-wu (Xiong Kewu) ...................... s.a\n06 Jun 1921 - 22 Dec 1922 Liu Hsiang (Liu Xiang) (1st Time)\n22 Dec 1922 - Jul 1923 Liu Ch'eng-hsün (Liu Chengxun) .................. s.a\nJul 1923 - 19 Feb 1924 Liu Hsiang (2nd Time)\n19 Feb - 27 May 1924 Yang Sen (1st Time) ............................. s.a\n27 May 1924 - 06 Feb 1925 Teng Hsi-hou (Deng Xihou) ....................... s.a\n06 Feb 1925 - 07 Nov 1928 Lai Hsin-hui (Lai Xinhui)\n15 Aug 1926 - 24 Jan 1927 Yang Sen (2nd Time)\n(in Wanzhou, Chongqing)\n07 Nov 1928 - 21 Dec 1934 Liu Wen-hui (Liu Wenhui) ........................ 1895-1976\n21 Dec 1934 - 22 Jan 1938 Liu Hsiang ...................................... s.a\n22 Jan - 01 Aug 1938 Chang Ch'ün (Zhang Qun) (1st Time) .............. 1889-1990\n22 Jan - May 1938 Teng Han-hsiang (Deng Hanxiang) ................. 1888-1879\n01 Aug 1938 - 19 Sep 1939 Wang Tsuan-hsü (Wang Zanxu) ..................... 1885-1960\n19 Sep 1939 - 15 Nov 1940 He Kuo-kang (He Guoguang) ....................... 1885-1969\n15 Nov 1940 - 14 May 1947 Chang Ch'ün (2nd Time)\n14 May 1947 - 03 Apr 1948 Teng Hsi-hou (Deng Xihui) ....................... s.a\n03 Apr 1948 - 11 Dec 1949 Wang Ling-chi (Wang Lingji) ..................... s.a\n27 Dec 1949 - 28 Mar 1950 T'ang Shih-tsun (Tang Shizun) ................... 1883-1950\n02 Jun 1895 - 25 Oct 1945 Taiwan part of Japanese Empire\n25 Oct 1945 Restored to China\nApr 1947 Taiwan provinc\n08 Dec 1949 - The defeated Republic of China,\nretreats to Taiwan island\n30 Jun 2018 Provincial government is de facto dissolved\n25 Oct 1945 - 16 May 1947 Ch'en I (Chen Yi) .............................. 1883-1950\n16 May 1947 - 05 Jan 1949 Wei Tao-ming (Wei Daoming) ...................... 1901-1978\n05 Jan - 21 Dec 1949 Ch'eng Ch'eng (Chen Cheng) ...................... 1898-1965\n21 Dec 1949 - 16 Apr 1953 Wu Gwo-jen (Wu Guozhen) ......................... 1903-1984\n16 Apr 1953 - 07 Jun 1954 Yu Horng-jiun (Yu Hongju) ....................... 1897-1960\n07 Jun 1954 - 16 Aug 1957 Yen Chia-kan (Yan Jiagen) ....................... 1905-1993\n16 Aug 1957 - 01 Dec 1962 Chow Chih-jou (Zhou Zhirou) ..................... 1899-1986\n01 Dec 1962 - 05 Jul 1969 Huang Chieh (Huang Jie) ......................... 1902-1994\n05 Jul 1969 - 06 Jun 1972 Chen Ta-ching (Chen Daqing) ..................... 1905-1973\n06 Jun 1972 - 20 May 1978 Shien Tung-min (Xie Dongming) ................... 1907-2001\n12 Jun 1978 - 05 Dec 1981 Lin Yang-kang (Lin Yanggang) .................... 1927-2013\n05 Dec 1981 - 20 May 1984 Lee Teng-hui (Li Denghui) ....................... 1923-2020\n20 May - 08 Jun 1984 Liu Chao-tien (Liu Zhaotian) .................... 1920-\n09 Jun 1984 - 16 Jun 1990 Chiu Chuang-huan (Qiu Chuanghuan) ............... 1925-2020\n16 Jun 1990 - 25 Feb 1993 Lien Chan (Lian Zhan) ........................... 1936-\n27 Feb - 20 Mar 1993 Tu Teh-chi (Tu Deqi) ............................ 1934-2011\n20 Mar 1993 - 21 Dec 1998 Song Chu-yu (Song Chuyu) (=James Song) .......... 1942-\n21 Dec 1998 - 20 May 2000 Chao Shou-po (Zhao Shoubo) ...................... 1941-\n20 May 2000 - 01 Feb 2002 Chang Po-ya (Zhang Boya) ........................ 1942-\n01 Feb 2002 - 10 Oct 2003 Fan Kuang-chun (Fan Guangqun) ................... 1939-\n10 Feb 2003 - 25 Jan 2006 Lin Kuang-hua (Lin Guanghua) .................... 1945-\n25 Jan 2006 - 07 Dec 2007 Jeng Peir-fuh (Zheng Peifu) ..................... 1954-\n21 Dec 2007 - 20 May 2008 Lin Si-yao (Lin Xiyao) .......................... 1961-\n20 May 2008 - 10 Sep 2009 Tsai Hsu-hsiung (Cai Xunxiong) .................. 1941-\n10 Sep 2009 - 26 Feb 2010 Chang Jun-Fu (Zhang Jinfu) ...................... 1948-\n26 Feb 2010 - 20 May 2016 Lin Junq-tzer (Lin Zhengze) ..................... 1944-\n20 May - 30 Jun 2016 Shih Jun-ji (Shi Junji) ......................... 1955-\n01 Jul 2016 - 05 Nov 2017 Hsu Jan-yau (Xu Zhangyao) ....................... 1951-\n06 Nov 2017 - 30 Jun 2018 Wu Tze-cheng (Wu Zecheng) ....................... 1945-\n1912 Tsinghai province, split from Tibet\nJan 1929 Tsinghai (Qinghai) province\n05 Sep 1949 Under Communist control\n1911 - 14 Jul 1912 Ch'ing Shu (Qing Shu)\n14 Jul - 31 Aug 1912 Ma Fu-hsiang (Ma Fuxiang) ....................... 1876-1932\n31 Aug 1912 - 06 Sep 1915 Lien Hsing (Lian Xiang)\nOct 1915 - Dec 1928 Ma Ch'i (Ma Qi) ................................. 1869-1931\n24 Sep 1928 - 10 Mar 1933 Sun Lien-chung (Sun Lianzhong) .................. 1893-1990\n06 Jan 1931 - 10 Mar 1933 Ma Ch'i (Ma Qi)\nMay 1931 - 16 May 1936 Ma Lin .......................................... 1873-1945\n16 May 1936 - 05 Sep 1949 Ma Pu-fang (Ma Bufang) .......................... 1903-1975\n30 Oct - 30 Nov 1911 Yunnan declares independence from Qing Empire\n1911 - 1945 Under Warlord control\n01 Jan - 08 May 1916 Provincial declaration of independence\n1950 Under Communist control\n30 Oct 1911 - 28 Sep 1913 Ts'ai O (Cai E) ................................. 1882-1916\n28 Sep - 04 Oct 1913 Hsieh Ju-i (Xie Ruyi) ........................... 1879-1914\n04 Oct 1913 - 07 Feb 1921 T'ang Chi-yao (Tang Jiyao) (1st Time) ........... 1881-1927\n07 Feb 1921 - 25 Mar 1922 Ku P'in-chen (Gu Pinzhen) ....................... 1883-1922\n25 Mar 1922 - 08 Mar 1927 T'ang Chi-yao (2nd Time)\n12 Jul 1912 - 28 Jan 1913 Ts'ai O (Cai E) ................................. s.a\n28 Jan - 14 Oct 1913 Lo P'ei-chin (Luo Peijin) ....................... 1878-1922\n14 Oct 1913 T'ang Chi-yao (Tang Jiyao) (1st Time)\n14 Oct 1913 - 28 Apr 1914 Li Hung-hsiang (Li Hongxiang) ................... 1879-1963\n28 Apr - 10 Aug 1914 T'ang Chi-yao (2nd Time)\n10 Aug 1914 - 29 Dec 1915 Jen K'o-ch'eng (Ren Kecheng) (1st Time) ......... 1878-1945\n29 Dec 1915 - 20 Mar 1916 Liu Tsu-wu (Liu Zuwu) ........................... 1886-1922\n20 Mar - 07 Jun 1916 Lung Chin-kuang (Long Jinguang) ................. 1863-1917\n07 Jun - 05 Sep 1916 Jen K'o-ch'eng (2nd Time)\n05 Sep 1916 - 07 Feb 1921 T'ang Chi-yao (3rd Time)\n07 Feb 1921 - 25 Mar 1922 Ku Pin-chen (Gu Pinzhen)\n20 Mar 1922 - 23 May 1927 T'ang Chi-yao (4th Time)\n23 May - Aug 1927 Ho Ju-yü (Hu Ruoyu) ............................. 1895-1949\nAug 1927 - 02 Oct 1945 Lung Yün (Long Yun) ............................. 1884-1962\n02 Oct 1945 - 20 Nov 1945 Li Tsung-huang (Li Zonghuang) ................... 1887-1978\n20 Nov 1945 - 09 Dec 1949 Lu Han .......................................... 1895-1974\n09 Dec 1949 - 14 Jan 1950 Li Mi ........................................... 1902-1973\n(in Western Yunnan to 1954)\n1421 Capital of China (known in the west as "Peking")\nMay 1914 Shün-t'ien (Shuntian) prefecture separated from Zhili\n04 Oct 1914 Ching-chao (Jingzhao) district capital\n1918 - 1928 Renamed Ching-tu (Jingdu)\n30 May 1928 Capital moved to Nanking\n20 Jun 1928 - 27 Sep 1949 Renamed Pei-p'ing (Beiping)\n21 Jun - Dec 1930 Incorporated into Hepei\n30 Jul 1937 - 15 Aug 1945 Under Japanese occupation\n23 Jan 1949 Under Communist control\n15 Mar - 24 Dec 1912 Ting Nai-yang (Ding Naiyang) .................... 1868-19..\n24 Dec 1912 - 19 Sep 1913 Chang Kuang-chien (Zhang Guangjing) ............. 1864-1958\n16 Oct 1913 - 23 Mar 1914 Wang Chih-hsin (Wang Zhixin) (1st Time) ......... 1868-1914\n23 Mar 1914 - 26 Sep 1915 Shen Chin-chien (Shen Jinjiang) ................. 1875-1924\n26 Sep 1915 - 03 Aug 1920 Wang Ta (Wang Da) ............................... 1881-1946\n01 Jul - 17 Jul 1917 Chiang Ch'ao-tsung (Jiang Chaozong) ............. 1861-1943\n(appointed by Qing restoration)\n03 Aug - 18 Sep 1920 Wang Hu ......................................... 1865-1933\n18 Sep 1920 - 19 May 1922 Sun Chen-chia (Sun Zhenjia) ..................... 1858-19..\n19 May 1922 - 05 Mov 1924 Liu Meng-keng (Liu Menggeng) .................... 1881-1938\n05 Nov - 31 Dec 1924 Wang Chih-hsiang (Wang Zhixiang) ................ 1858-1930\n01 Jan - 20 Oct 1925 Hsüeh Tu-pi (Xue Dubi) .......................... 1892-1973\n20 Oct 1925 - 04 Sep 1926 Liu Chi (Liu Ji) ................................ 1887-1965\n04 Sep 1926 - 24 Sep 1927 Li Yüan (Li Yuan) ............................... 1879-19..\n24 Sep 1927 - 03 Jun 1928 Chang Chi-hsin (Zhang Jixin) .................... 1874-19..\n04 Jun - 25 Jun 1928 Li Sheng-pei (Li Shengpei) ...................... 1899-1955\n25 Jun - 13 Jul 1928 Ho Ch'eng-chun (He Chengchun) ................... 1882-1961\n13 Jul 1928 - 12 Jun 1929 Ho Ch'i-kung (He Qigong) ........................ 1899-1955\n12 Jun 1929 - 27 Feb 1931 Chang Win-yu (Zhang Yinwu) ...................... 1891-1949\n27 Feb 1931 - 16 Jun 1933 Chou Ta-wen (Zhou Dawen) ........................ 1895-1971\n16 Jun 1933 - 01 Nov 1935 Yüan Liang (Yuan Liang) ......................... 1882-1953\n01 Nov - 08 Nov 1935 Sung Che-yüan (Song Zheyuan) .................... 1885-1940\n08 Nov 1935 - 14 Aug 1945 Ch'in Te-ch'un (Qin Chun) ....................... 1893-1963\n(fled 28 Jul 1937)\n28 Jul - 06 Aug 1937 Chang Chi-chong (Zhang Zhizhong) ................ 1891-1940\n06 Aug 1937 - 07 Jan 1938 Chiang Ch'ao-tsung (2nd Time) ................... 1861-1943\n(Japanese appointed Mayor)\n07 Jan 1938 - 09 Feb 1943 Yü Chih-ho (Jin Yu) ............................. 1887-1943\n09 Feb 1943 - 20 Feb 1945 Liu Yü-shu (Liu Yushu) .......................... 1884-1946\n20 Feb - 16 Aug 1945 Hsü Hsiu-chih (Xu Xiuzhi) ....................... 1880-1954\n16 Aug 1945 - 15 Jul 1946 Hsiung Pin (Xiong Bin) .......................... 1894-1964\n15 Jul 1946 - 22 Jun 1948 Ho Szu-yüan (He Siyuan) ......................... 1896-1982\n22 Jun 1948 - 04 Feb 1949 Liu Yao-chang (Liu Yao Zhang) ................... 1897-1993\n20 Nov 1937 - 05 May 1946 Provisional capital\n14 Oct - 30 Nov 1949 Provisional capital\n30 Nov 1949 Under Communist control\nNov 1921 - Aug 1922 Yang Sen (1st Time) ............................. 1884-1977\nFeb 1923 - 192. T'eng Hsi-hou (Deng Xihou) ...................... 1889-1964\n- 192. Chen Kuo-tung (Chen Guodong) .................... 1879-1954\n- 1926 Chu Tsong-chue (Zhu Zong Que)\nJun - Jul 1926 T'ang Shi-tsun (Tang Shizun) .................... 1885-1950\nJul 1926 - Jun 1935 P'an Wen-hua (Pan Wenhua) ....................... 1886-1950\n24 Jun 1935 - 11 Apr 1936 Chang P'i-kuo (Zhang Biguo) ..................... 1891-1936\n11 Apr 1936 - 01 Aug 1938 Li Hung-k'un (Li Hongkun) ....................... 1893-1949\n01 Aug 1938 - 05 May 1939 Chiang Chih-ch'eng (Jiang Zhideng) .............. 1885-1969\n15 May - 05 Dec 1939 Ho Kuo-kuang (He Guoguang) ...................... 1903-1984\n08 Dec 1939 - 16 Dec 1942 Wu Kuo-chen (Wu Guozhen) ........................ 1889-1961\n16 Dec 1942 - Nov 1945 Ho Yao-tsu (He Yaozu) ........................... 1892-1958\nDec 1945 - Apr 1948 Chang Tu-lun (Zhang Dulun) ...................... 1892-1958\nApr 1948 - 30 Nov 1949 Yang Sen (2nd Time)\n16 Mar 1898 Harbin founded by Russia\n12 Dec 1917 - 28 Feb 1918 Attempted takeover by Russian Bolsheviks\n30 Mar 1926 Council of the Chinese Eastern Railway Zone abolished\n01 Sep 1926 Harbin Special Municipality\n05 Feb 1932 - 20 Aug 1945 Occupied by Japan\n09 Mar 1932 - 20 Aug 1945 Part of Manchukuo\n01 Jul 1937 Incorporated into Bin-chiang province\n20 Aug 1945 - 28 Apr 1946 Soviet occupation\n28 Apr 1946 Under Communist control\n1923 - 1926 Chang Huan-hsiang (Zhang Huaxiang) .............. 1882-1962\n1926 Fu Kuei-cheng\n1926 Chang T'ing-ke (Zhang Tingge) ................... 1875-1954\n1926 - 1928 Ch'u Xh'en (Chu Zhen)\n1928 - 1930 Ho Yü-fang (He Yufang)\n1930 - 1932 Sung Wen-yü (Song Wenyu) ........................ 1883-1953\n1932 Pao Kuan-ch'eng (Bao Guancheng) ................. 1898-1975\n1932 - 1934 Lu Jung-huan (Lu Ronghuan) ...................... 1890-1946\n1934 - 1937 Shih Lu-pen (Shi Luben) ......................... 1878-1938 1937 - 1938 Wei Huang-chang (Wei Huanzhang) ................. 1892-1945\n1938 - 1939 Feng Kuang-min (Feng Guangmin) .................. 1881-1954\n1939 - 1942 Chao Chen (Zhao Chen)\n1942 - 1945 Yüan Ch'ing-lien (Yuan Qinglian)\n1945 - 1946 Chang T'ing-ke (2nd Time)\n1946 Yang Ch'o-an (Yang Chuoan) ...................... 1895-1955\nKwangchow / Canton (Guangzhou)\n10 Sep 1917 - 18 Apr 1927 Capital of Nationalist China\n28 May - 22 Dec 1931 Capital of China\n21 Oct 1938 - 16 Sep 1945 Occupied by Japan\n14 Oct 1949 Under Communist control\n15 Feb 1921 - Jul 1922 Sun Fo/Sun Ke "Zhesheng" ........................ 1891-1973\nNov 1927 - May 1928 Kan Nai-kuang (Gai Naiguang) .................... 1897-1956\nMay 1928 - Jun 1931 Lin Yün-kai (Lin Yungai) "Yigong" ............... 1883-1948\nJun 1931 - Mar 1932 Ch'eng T'ien-ku (Cheng Tiangu) .................. 1889-1974\nMar 1932 - Aug 1936 Liu Ch'i-wen (Li Jiwen) ......................... 1890-1957\nAug 1936 - 21 Oct 1938 Tseng Yang-fu (Zeng Yangfu) ..................... 1898-1969\n21 Oct 1938 - Oct 1941 P'eng Tung-yüan (Peng Dongyuan) ................. 1879-1954\n(appointed by Nanking)\nOct 1941 - 02 Jun 1942 Chou Hua-jen (Zhou Huaren) ...................... 1903-1976\n02 Jun - 27 Oct 1942 Ch'en Yao-tsu (Chen Yaozu) ...................... 1892-1944\n27 Oct 1942 - 02 Feb 1943 Chou Ying-hsiang (Zhou Yingxiang)\n02 Feb - 21 Sep 1943 Wang Ch'i (Wang Qi)\n21 Sep 1943 - 16 Sep 1945 Cheung Cheuk Kwan\n16 Sep 1945 - 26 Jun 1946 Ch'en Ts'e (Chen Ce) ............................ 1893-1949\n26 Jun 1946 - 06 Oct 1949 Ou-yang Chü (Ouyang Ju) ......................... 1896-1958\n18 Apr 1927 Capital of China\n25 May 1927 Nanjing special municipality split from Jiangsu\n13 Dec 1937 - 10 Aug 1945 Japanese occupation\n23 Apr 1949 Under Communist control\n1912 Chuang Yun-kuan (Zhuang Yunkuan) ................ 1867-1932\n- 29 Oct 1912 Shen Ping-kun (Shen Bingkun) .................... 1862-1913\n1914 - 1916 Liuen Yüan (Liuen Yuan)\n1916 - 1917 Feng Kuo-chang (Feng Guozhang) .................. 1859-1919\n1917 - 12 Oct 1920 Li Chun ......................................... 1867-1920\n1920 - 1923 Sun Duo-yu (Sun Duoyu) .......................... 1882-1951\n1923 - 1924 Chi Hsien-yüan (Qi Xienyuan) .................... 1885-1946\n1924 - 1925 Tsung Lim (Zung Lim) ............................ 1856-1933\n1925 - 1927 Ch'en Yen (Chen Yen) ............................ 1883-1952\n25 May - 27 Aug 1927 Liu Chi-wen (Liu Jiwen) (1st Time) .............. 1890-1957\n27 Aug 1927 - 14 Jul 1928 He Min-hun (He Minhun)\n14 Jul 1928 - 14 Apr 1930 Liu Chi-wen (2nd Time)\n14 Apr 1930 - 06 Jan 1932 Mao T'ao-ming (Wei Daoming) ..................... 1899-1978\n31 Jan - 24 Mar 1932 Ku Cheng-lun (Gu Zhenglun) ...................... 1890-1953\n24 Mar 1932 - 27 Mar 1935 Shih Ying (Shi Ying) ............................ 1879-1943\n27 Mar 1935 - 06 Nov 1946 Ma Ch'ao-chün (Ma Chaojun) ...................... 1886-1977\n(in Wuhan internal exile 1937-45)\n22 Nov 1937 - 19 Feb 1938 John Rabe ....................................... 1882-1950\n(chairman International Safety Zone Committee)\n23 Dec 1937 - 15 Mar 1938 T'ao Pao-chin (Tao Baojin) (=Tao Hsi-san) ....... 1875-1948\n(Chairmen of the municipal self-government committee)\n24 Apr - 12 Sep 1938 Jen Yüan-tao (Ren Yuandao) ...................... 1891-1980\n(Appointed by Hongzhi)\n12 Sep 1938 - 20 Jun 1940 Kao Kuan-wu (Gao Guanwu) ........................ 1892-1957\n20 Jun 1940 - 16 Jan 1942 Ts'ai P'ei (Cai Pei) ............................ 1884-1960\n16 Jan 1942 - 16 Aug 1945 Chou Hsüeh-ch'ang (Zhou Xuechang) ............... 1898-1952\n06 Nov 1946 - 24 Dec 1948 Shen I (Shen Yi) ................................ 1901-1980\n13 Dec 1948 - 23 Apr 1949 T'eng Chieh (Teng Jie) .......................... 1906-2004\n03 Nov - 30 Nov 1911 Independence declared from Qing Empire\n18 Jul - 28 Jul 1913 Independence declared\n1926 - 1927 Songhu commercial region declared by the Zhili clique\n(not recognised by the Republic of China)\n28 Jan - 03 Mar 1932 Japanese invasion (Shanghai incident)\n07 Jul 1937 - 02 Sep 1945 Japanese occupation\n05 Dec 1937 - 03 May 1938 Dadao ("Great Way") government of Shanghai (Japanese puppet state)\n27 May 1949 Under Communist control\n04 Nov 1911 - 31 Jul 1912 Ch'en Ch'i-mei (Chen Qimei) (1st Time) .......... 1878-1916\n18 Jul - 28 Jul 1913 Ch'en Ch'i-mei (2nd Time)\n15 Mar - 19 Nov 1912 Li P'ing-shu (Li Pingshu) ....................... 1854-1927\nDirector of the Commercial Bureau\n05 May 1926 - 1927 Ting Wen-chiang (Ding Wenjiang) ................. 1887-1936\nChairmen of the Provisional Municipal Committee\n1927 Luo I-nung (Luo Yinong) ......................... 1902-1928\n1927 Wang Hsiao-lai (Wang Xiaolai) ................... 1886-1967\n1927 Niu Yung-chien (Niu Yongjian) ................... 1870-1965\n07 Apr - 18 May 1927 Chiang Tsun-kuei (Jiang Zungai) ................. 1882-1931\n18 May - 13 Aug 1927 Huang Fu ........................................ 1883-1936\n15 Aug - 16 Sep 1927 Wu Chen Hsiu (Wu Zhen Xiu) ...................... 1883-1966\n16 Sep 1927 - 27 Mar 1929 Chang T'ing-fan (Zhang Boquan) .................. 1891-1945\n28 Mar 1929 - 06 Jan 1932 Chang Ch'ün (Chang Qun) ......................... 1889-1990\n07 Jan 1932 - 10 Apr 1937 Wu T'ieh-ch'eng (Wu Tiecheng) ................... 1888-1953\n10 Apr 1937 - 14 Aug 1945 Yü Hung-chün (Yu Hongjun) ....................... 1898-1960\n05 Dec 1937 - 16 Oct 1938 Su Hsi-wen (Su Xiwen) (1st Time) ................ 1889-1945\n(Mayor of the Dadao municipal government)\n16 Oct 1938 - 11 Oct 1940 Fu Zongyao (Fu Xiaoan) .......................... 1872-1940\n11 Oct - 19 Nov 1940 Su Hsi-wen (2nd Time)\n19 Nov 1940 - 11 Nov 1944 Ch'en Kung-po (Chen Gongbo) ..................... 1892-1946\n12 Nov 1944 - 14 Jan 1945 Wu Sung-hao (Wu Song Gao) ....................... 1898-1953\n14 Jan – 12 May 1945 Chou Fo-hai (Zhou Fohai) ........................ 1897-1948\n14 Aug 1945 - 14 May 1946 Ch'ien Ta-chün (Qian Dajun) ..................... 1893-1982\n14 May 1946 - 05 May 1949 Wu Kuo-chen (Wu Guozhen) ........................ 1903-1984\n30 Apr - 24 May 1949 Ch'en Liang (Chen Liang) ........................ 1896-1994\n24 May - 28 May 1949 Chao Tsu-kang (Chao Zukang) ..................... 1900-1995\n1927 - 1932 Shenyang Special Municipality\n19 Sep 1931 - 20 Aug 1945 Occupied by Japan (part of Manchukuo)\n09 Mar 1932 - 20 Aug 1945 Renamed Shenking\n02 Nov 1948 Under Communist control\nMayors (for Manchukuo 1931-45)\n1926 - 1932 Li Te-hsin (Li Dexin) ........................... 1894-19..\n1932 - 1933 Chao Hsin-po (Zhao Xinbo) ....................... 1890-1951\n1933 - 1935 Yen Ch'uan-fu (Yan Chuanfu) ..................... 1894-1962\n1935 - 1937 Wang Ch'ing-chang (Wang Qingzhang) .............. 1894-19..\n1937 - 1938 Chin Jung-kuei (Jun Ronggui) .................... 1876-1944\n1938 - 1942 Cheng Yü (Zheng Yu) ............................. 1898-1954\n1942 - 1944 Wang Hsien-wei (Wang Xianwei) ................... 1905-1983\n1944 - 1945 Fan P'ei-chung (Fan Peizhong)\n1945 - 1946 Pai Hsi-ch'ing (Bai Xiqing) ..................... 1904-1997\n1946 - 1947 Tung Wen-ch'i (Dong Wenchi) ..................... 1901-19..\n1947 - 1948 Chin Chen (Jin Zhen) ............................ 1898-1975\n1927 Sian special municipality split from Shensi\n07 Jan 1933 - 1943 Renamed Hsi-ching\n20 May 1949 Under Communist control\n1927 - 1930 Hsiao Chen-ying (Xiao Zhenying) ................. 1890-1947\n1930 - 1932 Yang Mu-shih (Yang Mushi) ....................... 1889-1945\n1932 - 1945 Chang Chi (Zhang Ji) ............................ 1882-1947\n(Chairman of the Hsi-ching prepartory comission)\n1932 - 1946 Lu Han-ch'ing (Lu Hanching)\n1946 Chang Tan-po (Zhang Danbo)\n1946 - 1949 Wang Yu-chih (Wang Youzhi) ...................... 1902-1992\n01 Jul 1967 - Taipei special municipality\n01 Nov 1945 – 28 Feb 1946 Huang Chao-chin (Huang Chaochin)\n01 Mar 1946 – 05 Feb 1950 Yü Mi-hsien (Yu Mixian)\n06 Feb – Nov 1950 Wu San-lien (Wu Sanlien) (1st Time)\nNov 1950 – 31 Jan 1951 Hsiang Chang-Chuan (Xiang Changjuan)\n01 Feb 1951 – 02 Jun 1954 Wu San-lien (2nd Time)\n02 Jun 1954 – 02 Jun 1957 Kao Yu-shu (Gao Yushu) (1st Time) ............... 1913-2005\n02 Jun 1957 – 02 Jun 1964 Huang Chui-jui (Huang Chuijui)\n02 Jun 1964 – 10 Jun 1972 Kao Yu-shu (2nd Time)\n10 Jun 1972 – 11 Jun 1976 Chang Feng-shu (Zhang Fengshu) .................. 1928-2014\n11 Jun 1976 – 09 Jun 1978 Lin Yang-kang (Lin Yanggang) .................... 1927-2013\n09 Jun 1978 – 04 Dec 1981 Lee Teng-hui (Li Denghui) ....................... 1923-2020\n04 Dec 1981 – 19 Apr 1982 Shao En-hsin (Shao Enxin) ....................... 1924-2014\n19 Apr 1982 – 30 May 1985 Yang Chin-tsung (Yang Jincong) .................. 1923-1990\n30 May 1985 – 25 Jul 1988 Hsu Shui-teh (Xu Shuide) ........................ 1931-\n25 Jul 1988 – 02 Jun 1990 Wu Po-hsiung (Wu Boxiong) ....................... 1939-\n02 Jun 1990 – 25 Dec 1994 Huang Ta-chou (Huang Dazhou) .................... 1936-\n25 Dec 1994 – 25 Dec 1998 Chen Shui-bian (Chen Shuibian) .................. 1950-\n25 Dec 1998 – 25 Dec 2006 Ma Ying-jeou (Mas Yingjiu) ...................... 1950-\n25 Dec 2006 – 25 Dec 2014 Hau Lung Pin (Hao Longbin) ...................... 1952-\n25 Dec 2014 - Ko Wen-je (Ke Wezhen) ........................... 1959-\n1860 - 1945 Tientsin foreign consessions ceded to Austria-Hungary, Belgium,\nFrance, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Russia and the Unites States\n30 Jul 1937 - 30 Sep 1945 Japanese occupation\n1941 - 1945 Japanese occupation of remaining foreign Concessions\n15 Jan 1949 Under Communist control\n26 Jun - 08 Sep 1928 Nan Kuei-hsing (Nan Guixing) .................... 1884-1966\n08 Sep 1928 - 21 Mar 1931 Ts'ui T'ing-hsien (Cui Tingxian) ................ 1875-1942\n21 Mar - 09 Dec 1931 Chang Hsüeh-ming (Zhang Xueming) ................ 1908-1983\n09 Dec 1931 - 25 Jun 1933 Chou Lung-kuang (Zhou Longgua) .................. 1885-19..\n25 Jun 1933 - 09 Nov 1934 Yü Hsüeh-chung (Yu Xuezhong) .................... 1890-1964\n09 Nov 1934 - 06 Jun 1935 Chang T'ing-e (Zhang Tinge) ..................... 1890-1973\n06 Jun - 18 Jun 1935 Wang K'o-min (Wang Kemin) ....................... 1873-1945\n18 Jun - 25 Jun 1935 Shang Chen (Shang Zhen) ......................... 1888-1978\n25 Jun - 12 Dec 1935 Ch'eng K'o (Cheng Ke) ........................... 1878-1936\n12 Dec 1935 - 17 Jun 1936 Hsiang Chen-ying (Xiang Zhenying) ............... 1890-1947\n18 Jun 1936 - 16 May 1940 Chang Tzu-chung (Zhang Zizhong) ................. 1891-1940\n(fled July 1937)\n01 Aug 1937 - 07 Jan 1938 Ts'ao Ling-wei (Cao Lingwei) .................... 1870-1940\n07 Jan 1938 - 28 Apr 1939 P'an Yü-kuei (Pan Yugui) ........................ 1884-1961\n28 Apr 1939 - 19 Mar 1943 Wen Shih-chen (Wang Shizhen) .................... 1877-1951\n19 Mar - 17 Oct 1943 Wang Hsü-kao (Wang Xugao) ....................... 1890-1951\n17 Oct - 15 Nov 1943 Li P'eng-t'u (Li Pengtu) ........................ 1893-19..\n15 Nov 1943 - 01 Mar 1945 Chang Jen-li (Zhang Renli) ...................... 1900-1951\n01 Mar - 29 Sep 1945 Chou Ti-p'ing (Zhou Diping)\n14 Aug 1945 - 23 Oct 1946 Chang T'ing-e (2nd Time)\n23 Oct 1946 - 15 Jan 1949 Tu Chien-shih (Du Jianshi) ...................... 1906-1989\n06 Mar 1898 - 07 Nov 1914 German leased territory (Kiautschou)\n07 Nov 1914 - 10 Dec 1922 Occupied by Japan\n10 Dec 1922 Restored to China\n1922 - 1929 Kiao'ao commercial region\n1929 - 1949 Tsingtao special municipality (split from Shantung)\n10 Jan 1938 - 10 Oct 1945 Occupied by Japan\n02 Jun 1949 Under Communist control\n1929 Wu Szu-yü (Wu Siyu) ............................. 1886-1961\n1929 - 1930 Ma Fu-hsiang (Ma Fuxiang) ....................... 1876-1932\n1930 Ke Chin-ken (Ge Jingen) ......................... 1889-1979\n1930 - 1931 Hu Jo-yü (Hu Ruoyu) ............................. 1895-1962\n1931 - 1937 Shen Hung-li (Shen Hongli) ...................... 1882-1969\n1938 - 1939 Tin Te-hsien (Din Dexian)\n1939 - 1943 Chao Ch'i (Zhao Qi) ............................. 1882-1957\n1943 - 1945 Yao Tso-pin (Yao Zuobin) ........................ 1893-1951\n1945 - 1948 Li Hsien-liang (Li Xianliang) ................... 1904-1993\n22 Jul 1948 - 12 Feb 1949 Kung Hsüeh-sui (Gong Xuesui) .................... 1895-1968\n12 Feb - 14 May 1949 Ch'in Te-ch'un (Qin Dechun) ..................... 1893-1963\n14 May - 02 Jun 1949 Sun Chi-ting (Sun Jiding) ....................... 1887-1978