url: =Event Time Announcer - Event has passedEvent in UTC on Wednesday, February 29, 2012 at 5:25:36 AM◢Event Time in UTC, Time Zone5:25:36 AMWednesday, February 29, 2012Modify EventCurrent time: Fri at 12:03:42 AMConverted Time Washington DC, DC, U.S.A.12:25:36 AMWednesday, February 29, 2012Change Your LocationCurrent time: Thu at 7:03:42 PMEvent ActionsCount up since EventAdd to CalendarNew AnnouncementRemember to bookmark this page!Worldwide | Africa | North America | South America | Asia | Australia/PacificThe Event Time Announcer converts the time of your planned event to local times all over the world for easy sharing and linking. 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AMPlovdivWed 7:25 AMArlonWed 6:25 AMHerfordWed 6:25 AMPlymouthWed 5:25 AMArnsbergWed 6:25 AMHerisauWed 6:25 AMPlzenWed 6:25 AMAschaffenburgWed 6:25 AMHerneWed 6:25 AMPodgoricaWed 6:25 AMAssisiWed 6:25 AMHerningWed 6:25 AMPoitiersWed 6:25 AMAstrakhanWed 9:25 AMHertenWed 6:25 AMPolotskWed 8:25 AMAthensWed 7:25 AMHildesheimWed 6:25 AMPonta DelgadaWed 4:25 AMAugsburgWed 6:25 AMHradec KrálovéWed 6:25 AMPopradWed 6:25 AMBabruyskWed 8:25 AMHuelvaWed 6:25 AMPortoWed 5:25 AMBaden-BadenWed 6:25 AMHumennéWed 6:25 AMPotsdamWed 6:25 AMBanja LukaWed 6:25 AMHürthWed 6:25 AMPoznanWed 6:25 AMBaranovichiWed 8:25 AMIasiWed 7:25 AMPragueWed 6:25 AMBarcelonaWed 6:25 AMIbizaWed 6:25 AMPrešovWed 6:25 AMBarysawWed 8:25 AMIngolstadtWed 6:25 AMPrijedorWed 6:25 AMBaselWed 6:25 AMInnsbruckWed 6:25 AMPristinaWed 6:25 AMBastiaWed 6:25 AMIoanninaWed 7:25 AMPrizrenWed 6:25 AMBatumiWed 9:25 AMIráklionWed 7:25 AMPyatigorskWed 9:25 AMBayreuthWed 6:25 AMIserlohnWed 6:25 AMQuimperWed 6:25 AMBelfastWed 5:25 AMIstanbulWed 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6:25 AMKhersonWed 7:25 AMSaint HelierWed 5:25 AMBordeauxWed 6:25 AMKhmelnytskyiWed 7:25 AMSaint-PetersburgWed 9:25 AMBottropWed 6:25 AMKielWed 6:25 AMSalernoWed 6:25 AMBratislavaWed 6:25 AMKilkennyWed 5:25 AMSalihorskWed 8:25 AMBraunschweigWed 6:25 AMKirunaWed 6:25 AMSalzburgWed 6:25 AMBrașovWed 7:25 AMKlagenfurtWed 6:25 AMSalzgitterWed 6:25 AMBregenzWed 6:25 AMKlaipėdaWed 7:25 AMSamaraWed 9:25 AMBremenWed 6:25 AMKlaksvíkWed 5:25 AMSamsunWed 7:25 AMBremerhavenWed 6:25 AMKoblenzWed 6:25 AMSan MarinoWed 6:25 AMBrestWed 8:25 AMKohtla-JärveWed 7:25 AMSandefjordWed 6:25 AMBrnoWed 6:25 AMKönizWed 6:25 AMSandvikaWed 6:25 AMBruck an der LeithaWed 6:25 AMKonstanzWed 6:25 AMSanta Cruz de TenerifeWed 5:25 AMBrusselsWed 6:25 AMKorçëWed 6:25 AMSantanderWed 6:25 AMBryanskWed 9:25 AMKošiceWed 6:25 AMSarajevoWed 6:25 AMBrăilaWed 7:25 AMKragujevacWed 6:25 AMSarnenWed 6:25 AMBucharestWed 7:25 AMKrakówWed 6:25 AMSassariWed 6:25 AMBudapestWed 6:25 AMKranjWed 6:25 AMSchaffhausenWed 6:25 AMBurgasWed 7:25 AMKrefeldWed 6:25 AMSchwäbisch GmündWed 6:25 AMBursaWed 7:25 AMKryvyi RihWed 7:25 AMSchweinfurtWed 6:25 AMBălțiWed 7:25 AMKumanovoWed 6:25 AMSchwerinWed 6:25 AMCadizWed 6:25 AMKuressaareWed 7:25 AMSchwyzWed 6:25 AMCagliariWed 6:25 AMKutaisiWed 9:25 AMShkodërWed 6:25 AMCahulWed 7:25 AMKyivWed 7:25 AMSibiuWed 7:25 AMCannesWed 6:25 AMKyreniaWed 7:25 AMSiegenWed 6:25 AMCapriWed 6:25 AML'vivWed 7:25 AMSimferopolWed 7:25 AMCardiffWed 5:25 AMLangenfeld (Rheinland)Wed 6:25 AMSindelfingenWed 6:25 AMCascaisWed 5:25 AMLarnacaWed 7:25 AMSionWed 6:25 AMCastrop-RauxelWed 6:25 AMLarvikWed 6:25 AMSisianWed 9:25 AMCazinWed 6:25 AMLas Palmas (ES-Canary)Wed 5:25 AMSkopjeWed 6:25 AMCeljeWed 6:25 AMLausanneWed 6:25 AMSlavonski BrodWed 6:25 AMCelleWed 6:25 AMLeedsWed 5:25 AMSligoWed 5:25 AMCeutaWed 6:25 AMLeipzigWed 6:25 AMSochiWed 9:25 AMChâlons-en-ChampagneWed 6:25 AMLetterkennyWed 5:25 AMSofiaWed 7:25 AMCharleroiWed 6:25 AMLeverkusenWed 6:25 AMSolingenWed 6:25 AMCheboksaryWed 9:25 AMLiberecWed 6:25 AMSolothurnWed 6:25 AMCheltenhamWed 5:25 AMLiepājaWed 7:25 AMSpeyerWed 6:25 AMChemnitzWed 6:25 AMLiestalWed 6:25 AMSplitWed 6:25 AMChernobylWed 7:25 AMLimassolWed 7:25 AMSt. GallenWed 6:25 AMChisinauWed 7:25 AMLimerickWed 5:25 AMSt. Peter PortWed 5:25 AMChurWed 6:25 AMLincolnWed 5:25 AMSt. PöltenWed 6:25 AMCluj-NapocaWed 7:25 AMLinzWed 6:25 AMStansWed 6:25 AMCologneWed 6:25 AMLipetskWed 9:25 AMStara ZagoraWed 7:25 AMCopenhagenWed 6:25 AMLippstadtWed 6:25 AMStavangerWed 6:25 AMCórdobaWed 6:25 AMLisbonWed 5:25 AMStavropolWed 9:25 AMCorkWed 5:25 AMLiverpoolWed 5:25 AMStockholmWed 6:25 AMCottbusWed 6:25 AMLivnoWed 6:25 AMStolberg (Rheinland)Wed 6:25 AMCraiovaWed 7:25 AMLjubljanaWed 6:25 AMStralsundWed 6:25 AMCuxhavenWed 6:25 AMLódzWed 6:25 AMStrasbourgWed 6:25 AMDarmstadtWed 6:25 AMLondonWed 5:25 AMStuttgartWed 6:25 AMDaugavpilsWed 7:25 AMLondonderryWed 5:25 AMSuboticaWed 6:25 AMDebrecenWed 6:25 AMLongyearbyenWed 6:25 AMSukhumiWed 7:25 AMDelémontWed 6:25 AMLouresWed 5:25 AMSumyWed 7:25 AMDelmenhorstWed 6:25 AMLübeckWed 6:25 AMSyktyvkarWed 9:25 AMDenizliWed 7:25 AMLucerneWed 6:25 AMSzczecinWed 6:25 AMDessau-RosslauWed 6:25 AMLüdenscheidWed 6:25 AMSzegedWed 6:25 AMDetmoldWed 6:25 AMLudwigsburgWed 6:25 AMTallinnWed 7:25 AMDeutschlandsbergWed 6:25 AMLudwigshafenWed 6:25 AMTârgu MureşWed 7:25 AMDifferdangeWed 6:25 AMLuganoWed 6:25 AMTartuWed 7:25 AMDinslakenWed 6:25 AMLuhanskWed 7:25 AMTbilisiWed 9:25 AMDiyarbakırWed 7:25 AMLünenWed 6:25 AMThe HagueWed 6:25 AMDnipropetrovskWed 7:25 AMLuxembourgWed 6:25 AMThessalonikiWed 7:25 AMDonetskWed 7:25 AMLyonWed 6:25 AMTimișoaraWed 7:25 AMDormagenWed 6:25 AMMadridWed 6:25 AMTiranaWed 6:25 AMDorstenWed 6:25 AMMagdeburgWed 6:25 AMTiraspolWed 7:25 AMDortmundWed 6:25 AMMagnitogorskWed 11:25 AMTórshavnWed 5:25 AMDouglasWed 5:25 AMMainzWed 6:25 AMToulouseWed 6:25 AMDrammenWed 6:25 AMMalatyaWed 7:25 AMTrabzonWed 7:25 AMDroghedaWed 5:25 AMMalmöWed 6:25 AMTrierWed 6:25 AMDublinWed 5:25 AMManchesterWed 5:25 AMTriesteWed 6:25 AMDuisburgWed 6:25 AMMannheimWed 6:25 AMTroisdorfWed 6:25 AMDürenWed 6:25 AMMarburgWed 6:25 AMTromsøWed 6:25 AMDurrësWed 6:25 AMMariborWed 6:25 AMTrondheimWed 6:25 AMDüsseldorfWed 6:25 AMMarlWed 6:25 AMTübingenWed 6:25 AMEdinburghWed 5:25 AMMarseilleWed 6:25 AMTulaWed 9:25 AMEferdingWed 6:25 AMMelillaWed 6:25 AMTurinWed 6:25 AMEisenstadtWed 6:25 AMMilanWed 6:25 AMTuzlaWed 6:25 AMElbasanWed 6:25 AMMindenWed 6:25 AMUlmWed 6:25 AMEmdenWed 6:25 AMMinskWed 8:25 AMUnnaWed 6:25 AMErfurtWed 6:25 AMMiskolcWed 6:25 AMUppsalaWed 6:25 AMErlangenWed 6:25 AMModenaWed 6:25 AMUroševacWed 6:25 AMErzurumWed 7:25 AMMoersWed 6:25 AMUsterWed 6:25 AMEsch-sur-AlzetteWed 6:25 AMMogilevWed 8:25 AMÚstí nad LabemWed 6:25 AMEskişehirWed 7:25 AMMonacoWed 6:25 AMUtrechtWed 6:25 AMEspooWed 7:25 AMMönchengladbachWed 6:25 AMUzhgorodWed 7:25 AMEssenWed 6:25 AMMontreuxWed 6:25 AMVaduzWed 6:25 AMEsslingenWed 6:25 AMMonzaWed 6:25 AMValladolidWed 6:25 AMEttelbruckWed 6:25 AMMoscowWed 9:25 AMVallettaWed 6:25 AMEuskirchenWed 6:25 AMMostarWed 6:25 AMValmieraWed 7:25 AMFeldbachWed 6:25 AMMülheimWed 6:25 AMVanadzorWed 9:25 AMFlensburgWed 6:25 AMMülheim / RuhrWed 6:25 AMVarnaWed 7:25 AMFrankfurtWed 6:25 AMMunichWed 6:25 AMVatican CityWed 6:25 AMFrauenfeldWed 6:25 AMMünsterWed 6:25 AMVelbertWed 6:25 AMFreiburgWed 6:25 AMMurmanskWed 9:25 AMVeniceWed 6:25 AMFreisingWed 6:25 AMNantesWed 6:25 AMVeronaWed 6:25 AMFreistadtWed 6:25 AMNaplesWed 6:25 AMVestmannaeyjarWed 5:25 AMFribourgWed 6:25 AMNarvaWed 7:25 AMVidinWed 7:25 AMFriedrichshafenWed 6:25 AMNæstvedWed 6:25 AMViennaWed 6:25 AMFuldaWed 6:25 AMNeubrandenburgWed 6:25 AMViersenWed 6:25 AMFürstenfeldWed 6:25 AMNeuchâtelWed 6:25 AMVila Nova de GaiaWed 5:25 AMFürthWed 6:25 AMNeumünsterWed 6:25 AMVillachWed 6:25 AMGalwayWed 5:25 AMNeussWed 6:25 AMVilniusWed 7:25 AMGarbsenWed 6:25 AMNeustadt an der WeinstraßeWed 6:25 AMVitebskWed 8:25 AMGavarWed 9:25 AMNeuwiedWed 6:25 AMVladimirWed 9:25 AMGdańskWed 6:25 AMNiceWed 6:25 AMVlorëWed 6:25 AMGelsenkirchenWed 6:25 AMNicosiaWed 7:25 AMWarsawWed 6:25 AMGenevaWed 6:25 AMNikšićWed 6:25 AMWaterfordWed 5:25 AMGenoaWed 6:25 AMNizhny NovgorodWed 9:25 AMWeimarWed 6:25 AMGeraWed 6:25 AMNišWed 6:25 AMWeselWed 6:25 AMGhentWed 6:25 AMNorderstedtWed 6:25 AMWiesbadenWed 6:25 AMGibraltarWed 6:25 AMNordhornWed 6:25 AMWinterthurWed 6:25 AMGiessenWed 6:25 AMNovgorodWed 9:25 AMWismarWed 6:25 AMGijónWed 6:25 AMNovi SadWed 6:25 AMWittenWed 6:25 AMGjirokastërWed 6:25 AMNovo MestoWed 6:25 AMWolfsburgWed 6:25 AMGladbeckWed 6:25 AMNovorossiyskWed 9:25 AMWormsWed 6:25 AMGlarusWed 6:25 AMNurembergWed 6:25 AMWroclawWed 6:25 AMGlasgowWed 5:25 AMOberhausenWed 6:25 AMWuppertalWed 6:25 AMGmündWed 6:25 AMOdenseWed 6:25 AMWürzburgWed 6:25 AMGomelWed 8:25 AMOdesaWed 7:25 AMXankendiWed 9:25 AMGöppingenWed 6:25 AMOffenbachWed 6:25 AMYeghegnadzorWed 9:25 AMGörlitzWed 6:25 AMOffenburgWed 6:25 AMYerevanWed 9:25 AMGothenburgWed 6:25 AMOhridWed 6:25 AMZagrebWed 6:25 AMGöttingenWed 6:25 AMOldenburgWed 6:25 AMZaporizhiaWed 7:25 AMGranadaWed 6:25 AMOlomoucWed 6:25 AMZenicaWed 6:25 AMGrazWed 6:25 AMOmaghWed 5:25 AMZugWed 6:25 AMGreifswaldWed 6:25 AMOradeaWed 7:25 AMZürichWed 6:25 AMGrevenbroichWed 6:25 AMOsijekWed 6:25 AMZwickauWed 6:25 AMGrieskirchenWed 6:25 AMOsloWed 6:25 AMŠiauliaiWed 7:25 AMGrodnoWed 8:25 AMOsnabrückWed 6:25 AMŽilinaWed 6:25 AMWed = Wednesday, February 29, 2012 (537 places).UTC (GMT/Zulu)-time: Wednesday, February 29, 2012 at 05:25:36UTC is Coordinated Universal Time, GMT is Greenwich Mean Time.Advertising


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url: =Osler Library - Social Networks and Archival Context\ncreatorOf Jurjānī, Ismāʻīl ibn Ḥasan, 1042 or 3-1136 or 7. Z̲akhīrah-'i Khvārazm'shāhī [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. Intikhāb-i Kitāb-i Sikandarī [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Shifāī, Muẓaffar ibn Muḥammad. Qarābādīn-i Shifāʼī [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Shifāʼī, Muẓaffar ibn Muḥammad. 880-02 [Qarābādīn-i Shifāʼī] [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Manṣūr ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf Faqīh Ilyās. [Tashrīḥ-i Manṣūrī] [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Muḥammad Sharaf of Sandīlah. Farḥat al-ʻuyūn [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. [Naṣāʼiḥ dar ṭibb] [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Shāh Arzānī, Muḥammad Akbar ibn Muḥammad, 18th cent. 880-02 Ṭibb al-Akbar [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Mīr Alī Razavī. [Dastūr al-muʻālājah] [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Manṣr̄ư ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Ys̄ưuf Faqīh Ilyās. Kifāyah-i Mujāhidīyah [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. [Mukhtaṣar dar ṭibb] [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf ʻAlī, Aḥmad. Nukhbat al-ṭibb [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Kaḥḥāl. 880-02 ʻAyn al-davāʼ taz̲kirat al-kaḥḥālīn [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf American Association for the History of Medicine. History of medicine and science newsletters collection, 1980-present (bulk). Yale University, Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library\ncreatorOf Sulṭān Alī Ṭabīb Khurāsānī. Dastūr al-ʻilāj [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. [Risālah-'i mujarrabāt] [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Arzānī, Muḥammd Akbar ibn Muḥammad Muqīm, d. 1722. Mufarriḥ al-qulūb [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. Najm-i badīʻī [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. [Latin poems, written ca. 1560-1580, by Roger Marbeck, and others, on Oxford subjects, including Onus Angliae (1577), poems on Richard Prise, Queen Elizabeth, Leicester, Lord Bughley, Henry of Cardiff, Edward Herbert, Henry Compton, Richard Worsley, etc. Newberry Library\ncreatorOf Arzānī, Muḥammad Akbar ibn Muḥammad Muqīm, d. 1722. ́́Ṭibb al-Akbar [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. [Risālah dar ṭibb] [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Ibn al-Nafīs, ʻAlī ibn Abī al-Ḥazm, 1210 or 11-1288. 880-02 [Mūjiz al-Qānūn] [manuscript] McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. Muntakhab-i Tuḥfat al-muʼminīn [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Muḥammad ibn Alī al-Ṭabīb. Risālah dar bayān-i tadbīr-i ḥaṣbah va ābilah va ghayruh [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Muḥammad Muʼmin ibn Muḥammad Zamān Tunkabunī Daylamī, 17th cent. 880-02 Tuḥfat al-muʼminīn [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. Mūjiz-i kummī [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Muḥammad Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad Ḥājī l-Aqīlī al-Alavī. Makhzan al-adviyah [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Aḥmad, ʻAlī. Qarābādīn-i Asadī [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. [Risālah dar adviyah] [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Arzānī, Muḥammad Akbar ibn Muḥammad Muqīm, d. 1722. Khayr al-tajārib [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Arzānī, Muḥammad Akbar ibn Muḥammad Muqīm, d. 1722. [Khayr al-tajārib] [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Zayn al-Dīn Alī al-Anṣārī, Ḥājī Zayn al-Aṭṭār. Ikhtiyārāt-i Badīʻī [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Ibn al-Akfānī, Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm, ca. 1286-1348 or 9. 880-03 Kitāb Tajrīd Kashf al-rayn min aḥwāl al-ʻayn [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Alī Jīv (?). Ḥirz al-aṭibbāʼ [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. Jāmiʻ al-ʻilāj [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Ys̄ưuf ibn Muḥammad al-Ṭabīb Khurāsānī Ys̄ưufī. Jāmiʻ al-favāʼid [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Ayn al-Mulk Shīrāzī Davāī. Favāʼid al-insān [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Rāzī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakarīyā, 865?-925?. ʻUjālat al-ʻilāj [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Arzānī, Muḥammad Akbar ibn Muḥammad Muqīm, d. 1722. Qarābādīn-i Qādirī [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Muhammad, Ali. Muntakhabāt-i Ḥaydarī [manuscript]. McGill University Library\ncreatorOf Osler Library. Khulāṣat al-tashrīḥ [manuscript]. McGill University Library\nassociatedWith Aḥmad, ʻAlī. person\nassociatedWith ʻAlī, Aḥmad. person\nassociatedWith Alī Jīv (?) person\nassociatedWith Arzānī, Muḥammad Akbar ibn Muḥammad Muqīm, d. 1722. person\nassociatedWith Arzānī, Muḥammd Akbar ibn Muḥammad Muqīm, d. 1722. person\nassociatedWith Ayn al-Mulk Shīrāzī Davāī. person\nassociatedWith Ibn al-Akfānī, Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm, ca. 1286-1348 or 9 person\nassociatedWith Jurjānī, Ismāʻīl ibn Ḥasan, 1042 or 3-1136 or 7. person\nassociatedWith Manṣr̄ư ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Ys̄ưuf Faqīh Ilyās. person\nassociatedWith Manṣūr ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf Faqīh Ilyās. person\nassociatedWith Marbecke, Roger, 1536-1605. person\nassociatedWith Mīr Alī Razavī. person\nassociatedWith Muhammad, Ali. person\nassociatedWith Muḥammad Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad Ḥājī l-Aqīlī al-Alavī. person\nassociatedWith Muḥammad ibn Alī al-Ṭabīb. person\nassociatedWith Muḥammad Muʼmin ibn Muḥammad Zamān Tunkabunī Daylamī, 17th cent. person\nassociatedWith Muḥammad Sharaf of Sandīlah. person\nassociatedWith Shāh Arzānī, Muḥammad Akbar ibn Muḥammad, 18th cent. person\nassociatedWith Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Kaḥḥāl person\nassociatedWith Shifāʼī, Muẓaffar ibn Muḥammad. person\nassociatedWith Shifāī, Muẓaffar ibn Muḥammad. person\nassociatedWith Sulṭān Alī Ṭabīb Khurāsānī. person\nassociatedWith Ys̄ưuf ibn Muḥammad al-Ṭabīb Khurāsānī Ys̄ưufī. person\nassociatedWith Zayn al-Dīn Alī al-Anṣārī, Ḥājī Zayn al-Aṭṭār. person\nArk ID: w62279z2\nSNAC ID: 4955044\nMcGill University Osler Library\nMcGill University. Library\nMcGill University. Osler Library of the History of Medicine\nOsler Library (Montréal)\nUniversité MacGill (Montréal). Osler Library


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url: =qartuli ena - chveni siamaye! | GeoForum.Ge\nqartuli ena - chveni siamaye!\n21 Agv 13, 1:36:00\nsaqartvelos istoria saucxooa udaod da dzalian sainetreso bevri saidumloebit moculi adgilic gaqvs,cyali haeri da uamravi sxva ram magram samcuxarod shesabamisad ver vafasebt, am teamshi minda gavamaxvilo yuradgheba qartul enaze,\nenaze romelic msoflio damcerlobebidan,14-idan erterti udzvelesia,\naghsanishnavia is faqtic rom gvaqvs sami damcerloba :\n1. asomtavruli anu mrgvlovani\nme imis mrcvenia roma r vicic am damcerlobis kitxva da cera da ucxo enebs vscavlobt,veddrebit iq ameriaks romelsac tvaisi ena da damcerlobach ar gaachnia da kulturit da istoriit tradiciebit xom axlosac ver mova,rac faseulia imas ar vafasebt,mtavaria dolarze bevri 0000000 exatos....\n...aris varaudebi rom arsebobda kidev erti udzvelesi meotxe damcerlobac,\naseve cnobilai isic rom es damcerloba aris koduri da bevri saidumlos gasaghebi,\nmsoflioshi 5000-mde enas itvlian. amatgan damcerloba aqvs mxolod ramdenime aseuls; anu kulturul enad icodeba ramdenime aseuli ena. mat shoris aris qartuli enac!..\ndamcerlobis mqone ramdenime aseuli enidan udzvelesi damcerlobis mqonea ramdenime ateuli ena. mat shoris aris qartuli enac!..\nmiutiteben, rom msoflioshi damcerlobis mqone ramdenime aseuli enistvis gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva damcerlobata sistemebi da anbanebi; sul – or ateulamde erteuli. mat shoris aris qartuli anbani!.. aris araerti iseti anbani, romelsac gamoiyeneben ramdenime enistvis. magalitad, latinuri anbanis safudzvelze shedgenil anbans iyenebs evropis saxelmcifota umravlesoba, amerikasa da avstraliashi, afrikis qveynebis umravlesoba, aziis zogierti qveyana... qartul anbans gamoviyenebt mxolod qartvelebi (iyo dro, roca qartul anbans gamoiyenebednen afxazuri enisatvis).\namgvarad, qartuli anbani aris msoflioshi ert-erti udzvelesi srulyofili anbanuri sistema.\nudzvelesi cerilobiti dzeglebi, romlebmac chvenamde moaghcies, tarighdeba V saukunit. Bbolnisis sionis tadzris (tbilisidan 60-ode kilometritaa dashorebuli) saamsheneblo carceras mecnierebi atarigheben 493-494 clebit. XX saukunis 50-ian clebamde es carcera itvleboda udzvelesad. 1952-1953 clebshi italielma arqeologma virjilio korbom palestinashi, iudas udabnoshi, betlemis maxloblad, aghmoachina qartuli monastris nangrevebi sami qartuli carcerit. ori matgani tarighdeba V saukunis pirveli naxevrit (428-432 c.). ase rom, udzvelesi cerilobiti dzeglis tarighma am aghmochenit eqvsi ateuli clit gadaicia, 60 clit gaxangrdzlivda dokumentirebuli istoria damcerlobisa...\nufro mogvianebit, XX saukunis bolos, nekresis naqalaqaris (kaxeti, yvarlis raioni) arqeologiurma eqspediciam (l. chilashvili) aghmoachina qartuli carcerebi, romlebic cinareqristianuli epoqis dzeglebad iqna michneuli, e. i. IV saukunemdelad. es samushao hipotezaa...\ntu am aghmochenata dinamikas mivadevnebt tvals, sheidzleba imedis tvalit shevxedot momavals: ar gamoiricxeba, aghmochenili iqnes ufro adrindeli dzeglebic damcerlobisa... es varaudia. mecnierulad dadasturebulad ki itvleba is, rom V saukuneshi qartvelebs damcerloba ukve aqvt!.. realuri dokumentirebuli istoria qartuli mcignobrobisa scored V saukunidan icyeba.\narsebobs safudzvliani varaudi imis shesaxeb, rom damcerloba qartvelebs hqondat V saukuneze gacilebit adre. jer kidev antikuri periodis berdznul-romaul cyaroebshi araerti cnoba mogvepoveba imis taobaze, rom qartvelebs (kolxebs) cinareqristianul epoqashi hqondat damcerloba. aset cnobebs idzlevian pergamoneli (II s.), rodoseli (IV s.) da sxva.\nchventvis gansakutrebuli mnishvneloba enicheba XI saukunis qartveli istorikosis – leonti mrovelis – cnobas qartuli anbanis carmoshobis shesaxeb. l. mroveli qartul damcerlobas qartvelta mefis – farnavazis (IV-III s. dzv. c.) – shemoghebulad miichnevs. am cnobas mecnierebi seriozulad ganixilaven. varaudoben, XI saukunis istorikosi eyrdnoba ufro adrindeli mematianis cnobas. istorikos r. pataridzis kvlevam meti damajerebloba shesdzina farnavazis epoqashi anbanis carmoshobis teorias. es tvalsazrisi kidev ufro damajerebeli gaxda gasuli saukunis bolos Jinvalis arqeologiuri eqspediciis monapovarma – davitis stelam (qva-jvarma), romelic IV-VI saukuneebit tarighdeba. fiqroben, rom qva-jvarze gamosaxuli qartuli anbanis analizi adasturebs mis carmoshobas farnavazis epoqashi.\ntumca es hipotezaa. 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Nnusxuri saxeobis pirveli nimushebi IX s-dan gvxvdeba, xolo mxedruli X s-is dzeglebshi dasturdeba. nusxuri saxeoba mxedrulis paralelurad arsebobda XIX saukunemde. Mmxedruli saxeoba qartuli damcerlobisa dghesac gamoiyeneba.\nsamive saxis damcerlobis (ufro scorad, damcerlobis samive safexuris) mtavari damaxasiatebeli is aris, rom yovel bgeras tavisi shesabamisi aso-nishani aqvs. esaa didi ghirseba qartuli anbanisa.\naris avraudic rom scored qartuli enit moxdeba qveynierebis gankitxva meored mosvlisas,ai ras ambobs ioane zosime ( X saukunis qartveli sasuliero mcerali, himnografi. mis shesaxeb metad mciri biografiuli cnobebi mogvepoveba. rogorc sinis mtis qartuli xelnacerebis anderdz-minacerebidan chans, moghvaceobda palestinashi, jer sabacmindis lavrashi, xolo X saukunis 70-iani clebidan - sinis mtaze)\n1. damarxul ars enaჲ qartuli dghemde meored mosvlisa mesiisa sacamebelad. rata yovelsa enasa ghmertman amxilos amit enita.\n2. da ese enaჲ mdzinare ars dghesamomde, da saxarebasa shina amas enasa lazare hrqჳan.\n3. da axalman nino moaqcia da helene dedofalman. ese arian orni dani vitarca mariam da martaჲ\n4. da megobrobaჲ amistჳs tqua [maxarebelman]. rametu yoveli saidumloჲ amas enasa shina damarxul ars.\n5. da otxisa dghisa mkudari amistჳs tqua davit cinaiscarmetyuelman, rametu „celi atasi – vitarca erti dgheჲ“.\n6. da saxarebasa shina qartulsa, xolo, tavsa mateჲssa cili zis, romel asoჲ ars. da ityჳs yovlad otx atassa maragsa, –\n7. da ese ars otxi dgheჲ da otxisa dghisa mkudari, amistჳs mistanave dafluli sikudilita natlisghebisa misisaita.\n8.da ese enaჲ shemkuli da kurtxeuli saxelita uflisaჲta, mdabali da dacunebuli – moelis dghesa mas meored mosvlasa uflisasa.\n9. da sascaulad ese aqus: as-oghxi celi umeteჲs sxuata enata qristeჲs moslvitgan vidre dghesamomde.\n10. da ese yoveli, romeli ceril ars, mocameb carmogitxar, as-otxi ese celi, da cili anbanisaჲ. ioane-zosimes ekutvnis enciklopediuri xasiatis nashromi "sagalobelni iadgarni" (Sin-34), romelic sxvadasxva liturgikuli dzeglidan gamokrebil txzulebata krebulia. originaluri txzulebatagan aghsanishnavia patriotuli sagaloblebi "qebaჲ qartulisa enisaჲ" da "qartulisa enisatჳs")\nucmindesis da unetaresis, sruliad saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is qadagebebidan\n„qartuli ena - es aris musika, magram ara micieri, aramed zecidan gardamosuli sulieri musika! igia chveni erisa da qveynis gadamrcheni.“\n„chven vart im mica-cylis shvilebi, sadac inaxeba mteli qristianobis sanukvari sicminde - kvarti uflisa chvenisa ieso qristesi, sadac daintxa sisxli mravali atasi mocamisa, romeltac tavisi sicocxlis fasad dghemde shemogvinaxes chveni ena da rcmena.“\n„chveni eri jvarcmuli eria. chveni qveyana aertebs evropasa da azias. bevrs surda chveni dapyroba, mospoba, magram mterma ver cagvartva is, rac yvelaferze dzvirfasia - suli. ver cagvartva nichi, ver cagvartva chveni qartuli ena... dghes zeciuri da micieri saqartvelo ertita pirita da ertita gulit madlobas sciravs shemoqmeds, romelmac chveni qveyana gadaarchina Jamta siavis oromtrialshi, romelmac shegvinarchuna rcmena, tkbili ena da kultura.“\n„saocari da enit utqmeli cyalobaa - mashin, roca mteli qveyniereba sarcmunoebas dakargavs, saqartvelo, rogorc es ghvtismshobelma atonis mtaze iveriis monastris bers, gabriels, aucya, gabrcyindeba. chveni eris mimart uflis gansakutrebul cyalobaze mravali nishani metyvelebs: macxovris kvartis chamobrdzaneba, ghvtismshoblis cilxvdomiloba da sxva. albat amit unda avxsnat ioane-zosimes sityvebi - meored mosvlis Jams kacobrioba qartulita enita ganisjebao. es iqneba albat jildo imisatvis, rom saqartvelo, tvit ukanasknel Jamsac ki, sheinarchunebs cheshmarit sarcmunoebasa da siyvaruls.“\n„gansakutrebuli siyvarulita da mxurvale grdznobit mogmartavt tqven, chveno dzmebo, mcxovrebno samshoblos sazghvrebs garet, mogmartavt tqven, muslimanebo da qristianebo. chven sisxlit da xorcit ertni vart, miuxedavad gansxvavebuli religiuri shexedulebebisa. gaxsovdet, rom tqveni cinaprebi ganisveneben saqartvelos cminda micashi. nu daivicyebt, vin xart, sadaurni xart, gaxsovdet ghvtisagan dalocvili qartuli ena da saukuneta mandzilze nakurtxi qartuli tradiciebi.“\n„chvens erovnul arss, chvens erovnul mtlianobas, rogorc brdzanebs cminda ilia martali, sami mdzlavri fesvi asazrdoebs: sakutari mica, qristianoba da ena qartuli. mat tvalischinivit unda gavufrtxildet, radgan tu qartvelta shoris daikarga grdznoba da gancda am cheshmaritebisa, gadamrchenel biliks verasdros mivagnebt.“\n„chveni mxne, sicocxlisa da tavisuflebis cyurvilit aghvsili xalxi saukuneebis mandzilze ayalibebda chvens didebul, unikalur enas. am enaze sheiqmna udzvelesi chveni mcerloba, am enaze daicera „camebaჲ cmidisa shushanikisi“, mtel msoflioshi usachinoesi „vefxistyaosani“ da bevri sxva. am enaze metyvelebdnen gelatisa da iyaltos akademiebshi, es ena Jgherda sinas mtaze, cminda atonze da ierusalimis jvris monastershi. am enaze qmnian taviant shromebs chveni brdzeni mecnierebi chvens saxelovan mecnierebata akademiashi da chvens kurtxeul universitetsa da institutebshi. qartvel xalxs ghrmad aqvs shegnebuli, rom „ra ena caxdes, eric daeces, caecxos chirqi tadzarsa cmindas!“ (grigol orbeliani). amitom uyvart tavisi ena saqartvelos gulketili shvilebs.“\n„jer kidev cminda ilia martali tavis publicistur cerilebshi ebrdzoda peterburgis universitetshi sheqmnil antiqartul istoriografiul teorias, romlis mixedvitac ertiani qartveli eri carmodgenili iyo gansxvavebuli tomebis xelovnur gaertianebad. aghnishnuli kampaniis gagrdzeleba iyo is, rom imperiulma dzalebma daicyes megrulad da svanurad saghvtismsaxuro cignebis targmna da scades cirva-locvis chatarebac, magram am kutxis shvilebma da mtelma qartulma sazogadoebam mat sakadrisi pasuxi gasces.“\n„rac yvelaze mtavaria, saqartvelos yoveltvis hqonda udidesi shinagani dzala, tavisi mocameebis, ganmanatleblebis, poetebis, mxatvrebisa da tavisi ushishari da tavisuflebismoyvare xalxis saxit. erti mtavari cyarotagani, saidanac qartvelebi ighebdnen sulier dzalebs - esaa udzvelesi da madliani qartuli ena, romelzec saocrad mdidari literatura sheiqmna, esaa ena, romlis shesaxeb ghirsma mamam, ioane zosimem, tqva: „yoveli saidumlo amas enasa shina damarxul ars.“\n„aris ghirebulebani, romelnic ama tu im eris cxovrebashi saukuneobit iqmneba da yalibdeba da romelta dakargvac danashaulia. chventvis asetia: martlmadidebeli sarcmunoeba, mociqultagan bodzebuli; musika - yvelas rom aghafrtovanebs; chveni ena da mcerloba, idumalebit savse da didebuli; gasaocari xelovneba, xatcera, arqiteqtura; chveni mshvenieri ces-chveulebani. aghmosavletis an dasavletis romeli tradiciebi sheedreba mat? samcuxarod, bolomde ver vacnobierebt, ra simdidris mflobelni vart.“\n„samshoblos uketesi momavlistvis mecadineoba yoveli chvenganis valia, rata „iveri aghsdges dzlieri da dadges erad sxva erta shoris, cmidit saydarit, enit mdidarit, scavlisa shuqit ganatebuli!“ es exeba chveni cxovrebis yvela sferos, rogorc suliers, ise materialurs, pirvel yovlisa, es exeba qartul enas.\ndzvelqartuli poeziis brcyinvale dzeglis, „qebaჲ da didebaჲ qartulisa enisaჲs“, avtori, ghirsi mama ioane zosime ambobs: „da ese enaჲ mdzinare ars dghesamomde da saxarebasa shina amas enasa lazare hrqvian“.\ncminda otxtavis mixedvit, lazare megobari iyo qristesi. igi mkvdretit aghadgina macxovarma, xolo mis debs, rogorc dzmis chirisuflebs, samaradiso cxovreba aghutqva. azri natelia, ghvtis nebit, qartuli ena mkvdretit aghdgenil cminda lazarestan aris gaigivebuli, xolo mas chirisuflad sheracxulia mteli qartveli eri, romelic valdebulia dgheniadag ufrtxildebodes, zrunavdes mistvis, vitarca martali iosebi ifaravda mtertagan chvil yrmas, macxovars chvensas, ieso qristes.\nmadloba ufals, chvens kurtxeul mica-cyalze cinaparta nakvalevi santlit sadzebari ara gvaqvs. micieri saqartvelos mta da baridan 15 atasze meti istoriuli dzegli sheghaghadebs zeciur saqartvelos!.. yoveli matganis mdidar istorias mxolod dzunci carcera gvamcnobs. dgas qartveli kaci didebuli qartuli tadzris cinashe da raoden savalaloa, rom masze amotvifrul carceras ver kitxulobs... gvaxsovdes, rom asomtavruli da nusxa-xucuri damcerlobis xmarebidan gandevnit chvenive nebit vashenebt yru kedels carsulsa da momavals shoris. tanamedrove qartveli kacistvis tandatan ucxo da gaugebari xdeba udzvelesi qartuli gamocemebi, tumcagha isini imave ghvtiuri madlit gasxivosnebuli, dinji da darbaisluri qartulit gviamboben eris gardasuli cxovrebis chirsa da dalxinebas. jer kidev X saukuneshi chvens did cinaprebs mteli sighrmit sheucvniat mshobliuri enis saghvtismetyvelo buneba da religiuri dzalisxmeva: „damarxul ars enaჲ qartuli dghemde meored mosvlisa misisa sacameblad, raჲta yovelsa enasa ghmertma amxilos amit enita“. ghvtis shtagonebit aseti ganuzomeli misia daakisres qartul enas qristianobis shesanishnavda apologetebma, raic avalebs yovel qartvels udzveles anbanta - asomtavrulisa da nusxuris codnas... yovelma sashualoskoladamtavrebulma unda icodes asomtavruli da nusxa-xucuri cera-kitxva. am sashvilishvilo saqmeshi daufasebeli daxmarebis gaceva sheudzliat dzveli qartuli enis mascavleblebs.\ndghes cminda eklesia ertaderti savanea, sadac mokrdzalebit shefarebulia da yoveldghiurad ikitxeba dzvelqartuli damcerloba, rametu yvela saeklesio cigni xucuradaa dabechdili...\nvtxov qartvel morcmunet, gamoichinon sibejite da gulmodgineba, sheiscavlon asomtavruli da xucuri damcerloba. ar moshalon xidi, gadebuli saxelovan carsulsa da bednier momavals shoris, rogorc ertaderti gza, romlitac moaghcia chvenamde anam, rcmenam da qartveli kacis geniam“.\n„esa tu is xalxi saukuneta mandzilze ayalibebs tavis kulturas, enas xasiats; xelovnebis, mecnierebis, literaturis... done misi geniis machvenebelia. magram eris sulis yvelaze nateli gamoxatuleba mainc enaa. igia idumali da auxsneli saunje, romelsac gansakutrebuli movla da patronoba schirdeba.\nghrma, unapiro, brdzeni, tavmdabali da miucvdomelia ena qartuli, vitarca goneba da siyvaruli. misi satave isetive ucnobia, rogorc melqisedek mamamtavrisa. masshia mteli saqartvelo... gazafxulze ayvavebuli pirveli vardivit mshvenieria igi da axlad amosuli mzis cxovelsmyofeli sxivivit saamo, cisferia misi samosi, zecaa misi sacyisi, ufalia misi mshobeli da mfarveli. sityva misi mchrelia, vit davit aghmasheneblis xmali, dzlieria rogorc sveticxoveli da nazi, vit yvavilze margalitad dakiduli dilis nami.\nqartuli enis uchveulo silamazes imtavitve grdznobdnen chveni mcerlebi. amitomac mravali leqsi da sagalobeli udzghvnes shesamkobad. mat shoris gamorcheulad brcyinavs saidumloebit moculi „qebaჲ da didebaჲ qartulisa enisaჲ“; nu davivicyebt, rom enas - ghvtibodzebuls am sagandzurs sasoebit dacva da gafrtxileba unda, rogorc ert-ert sacindars chveni bednierebisas.\nghvtivkurtxeulno iverno, dzeno da asulno uflisano, dadga Jami dalocvisa; dagbedebodet cheshmariti rcmenis simtkice, enis sicminde, sulis sinatle, mravalshvilianoba, uxvi da baraqa. mshvidoba sufevdes tqvens gulshi, ojaxsa da samshobloshi... yovladcmida ghvtismshobelma gadagafarot dedobrivi kalta, dagicvat da dagifarot.“\ncminda eqvtime mtacmindelis cxovrebidan\nertxel ymacvili eqvtime mdzimed daavadda. mamam shvilis gadarchenis imedi dakarga, mghvedltan kaci gagzavna da stxova, momakvdavi eziarebina, tviton ki eklesiashi cavida da yovladcmida ghvtismshoblis xatis cin locvad daemxo.\nroca cmida ioane eklesiidan senakshi shebrunda, mashinve eca nelsacxeblis saamo surneli da naxa, rom ramdenime cutis cin sasikvdilo sarecelze mcoliare yrma sruliad janmrteli ijda. man mamamiss moutxro, rom sanam is eklesiashi iyo casuli, mastan gamocxadda didebuli dedofali da qartulad hkitxa: „raჲ ars, raჲ gelmis, eftჳme?“ - „movkudebi, dedofalo“, - miugia eqvtimes. mashin dedofals xeli mouxvevia mistvis da utqvams: „araraჲ ars vnebaჲ shen tana, aghdeg, nu geshinin da qartulad ჴsnilad ubnobdi“. am sascaulebrivi gankurnebis shemdeg eqvtimes qartuli „aghmoudioda piritgan, vitarca cyaroჲ ucmides yovel qartveltasa“.\nghirsma ioanem madloba shescira ufals da shvils auxsna, rasac nishnavda es chveneba: „shvilo chemo, qartlisa queyanaჲ didad naklulevan ars cigntagan da mravalni cignni aklan da vxedav, romel ghmertma moumadlebia shenda. ac ighuace, raჲta ganamravlo sasyideli sheni ghmrtisagan“.\nrogorc brdzanebs katolikosi leonide oqropiridze, cminda eqvtimem „gaughvidza qartvels tavisi samshoblo enis siyvaruli. amiti chaidga sadzirkveli mecnierebisa... oh, ra bednieri, zneobaganspetakebuli, moqalaqeobrivad aghyvavebuli, saxelgantqmuli da pativcemuli iqneboda axlac qartveloba, rom yvelani vadget cminda eqvtimes gzas... yvelas eqvtimes gauqrobeli lampari gventos gulshi samshoblo enis siyvarulisa...“\ncminda ilarion qartvelis cxovrebidan\nIX saukuneshi, olimpos mtaze, monastris mamasaxlisma brdzana, tadzridan gaedzevebinat mciri da momlocveli cminda ilarion qartveli, vitarca ucxo da umecari elinta enisa. mamasaxlisma ghamit dzilsa shina ixila, rom orma mxedarma caatria da sheiyvana did tadzarshi, sadac taxtrevanze ijda yovladcmida ghvtismshobeli. uflis dedam mrisxaned utxra: „ristvis gayare, sacyalobelo, didi moghvace ilarioni da misi mxlebelni da daivicye chemi dzis mcneba - ucxotshemcynareblobisa? rad dascini mat metyvelebas da ratom fiqrob, rom mxolod elinta ena aris shecynarebuli ghvtisagan? mat enaze metyvelni mravalni daemkvidrebian am mtaze da cxondebian da vinc mat ar sheicynarebs, chemi mteria, rametu me momanicha dzeman chemman es eri mati sheuryeveli martlmadideblobisatvis, radgan icrmunes dzisa chemisa da natel ighes“. sheshinebuli mamasaxlisi fexebshi chauvarda cmida ilarions, kadnierebisatvis shendoba stxova da sheevedra, darcheniliyo da yovladcmida dedoflis risxva aeridebina mistvis.\nqartul enaze amboben...\nniko mari: qartuli enit yvelaferi gamoitqmeba, rac dedamicaze sheidzleba gamoitqvas ragindara enit. azri ar moipoveba arc ert enaze, rusetis an dasavletis evropisa, rom ara tu qartvelma savsebit ver gamotqvas, aramed mxatvrul yalibshi ver chamoasxas. qartuli ena, gansakutrebit, cocxali qartuli ena, maghalmxatvrulad gamosaxavs yovel azrs da daumaxinjeblad da sheuryvnelad gadmoscems, ise mdidrulia qartuli ena. sheidzleba itqvas, shinagani tvisebebit igi msoflio enaa.\nprofesori richard mekeliani, qartvelologi: gamoxatvis sashualebebit qartuli ena msoflioshi ert-erti umdidresia. is arc sityvis maragit chamouvardeba yvelaze ufro ganvitarebul enebs.\nalbat yvelas gvaxsovs kinofilm „fesvebis“ finali, roca mis mtavar gmirs, emigrant qartvels, shoreul safrangetshi, sikvdilis cin avicydeba ucxo enebi da mxolod qartulad laparakobs. am emigranti qartvelis prototipi gaxldat ucxoetshi gadaxvecili varlam cherqezishvili. grigol robaqidze varlamze mogvitxrobs „gasashterebel ambavs imisa, tu ra ghrmad iyo igi im dzirebshi chafesvili bavshvobidanve“: „samshoblos garet myofs gadavicyebuli hqonda qartuli. icoda rusuli, inglisuri, franguli. sikvdilis Jams rusulic davicyeboda, inglisuric da frangulic - turme qartulad icyo lughlughi. ai, vin iyo, qartvelno, varlam cherqezishvili“.\nmarjori uordropi: qartuli ena shesanishnavad emorchileba ritmsa da ritmas. saqartveloshi titqmis yvela adamiani bunebit meleqsea.\nrusi enatmecnieri p.k. usleri (1816-1875): qartuli anbani uklebliv akmayofilebs yvela im pirobas, rac saertod anbans moetxoveba. igi aris yvelaze srulyofili anbani anbanta shoris. yoveli bgera gamoixateba calkeuli nishnit, yoveli nishani mudam erti da imave bgeris gamomxatvelia“.\ncminda mghvdelmocame grigol feradze: adamians moaqvs am soflad tan sxva saunjenic, sxva simdidrenic da erti simdidre am simdidreta shoris aris misi ena. qartuli ena - dedaena! ramdeni dacerila am temazed da yvela am nacerebs, cotaodeni gamonaklisit, tavi rom movuyarot da am sascorzed davdvat da meore mxarezed - mxolod erti sityva am enis - es erti sityva, tvis simdzimit da shinaarsit bumbulivit aisvrida cashi yvela am nacerebs. tkbili, mshvnieri, saamuri, lamazi, faqizi, sada, martivi, mdidari, moxdenili da ghmertma icis, kidev sxva ra saxelcodebit ixsenieben am chvens qartul enas. chveni eklesia da chveni eri ki am enas ufro maghali saxelcodebit ixsenebs. eklesiistvis es ena, es sityva aris ghvtiuri sacyisis: „pirvelidgan iyo sityva da sityva igi xorciel iqmna“. chveni eristvis sityva nishnavs imave dros azrovnebas, romelic mas ganarchevs pirutyvisagan... chven gvaqvs sityva gancdili, gamomushavebuli, chveni cinapris mieri nafiqri da naazrevi, eris mier sheqmnili da amitomac aris, rom qartuli sityva, 2000 clis, dghes chventvis eseve gasagebia, rogorc iyo gasagebi am ori atasi clis cinat.\n[b]qartuli ena, rogorc amtkiceben mecnierebi, ar chamouvardeba sxva enebs, xshir shemtxvevashi ki dzalian mnishvnelovania sxvadasxva sakitxta gamokvlevis dros. ara erti mecnieri tvlis rom qartul enashi da qartul anbanshi shenaxulia mravali saidumlo, romelta amoxsnasac miescrafvis kacobrioba, an romelta amoxsnac gamoadgeba kacobriobas. zemot moxseniebul chems cerilshi, mkitxvels shevtavaze erti dakvirveba, romelic axlac minda gavimeoro.\nkerdzod, macxovris kacobriuli saxeli qartulad aris ieso (dzvelqartulad iesu). ase ucodes mas shobis, gankacebis Jams dedamicaze. ieso dzvelebraul-arameulad gamoitqmis rogorc ieshua – Yēšûă. qartulad daaxloebit ase daicereba: ieshua, eshua, ჲeshua, ჲshua, ishua.\nmxolod qartuli enas sheudzlia axsnas es movlena. daibada dzvelqartulad iqneba – ishva. labialuri v da u fonemebis msgavseba cxadia, mit umetes, am shemtxvevashi, roca u da v mosdevs xmovans – ishva da ishua. aq v tanxmovani u xmovnis tanxmovniti variantia. mit umetes, dzvelebraul-arameulad sityva ieshua-shi u brjgu (umarcvlo) chans (tundac ar iyos umarcvlo). saertoqartuli dziri iqneba shv (u brjgu, umarcvlo u).\nmashasadame, qartuli enit macxovris saxeli pirdapir miutitebs rom ishva igi, ufali. amastan, igi, ufali sheedzina ghvtismshobels, kacobriobas – eshva (eshua).\ndzvelebrauli varianti, romlisganac aris nacarmoebi ieshua, daaxloebit ase gamoitqmis: iehoshua (Yĕhōšuă). es gamotqma ukavshirdeba dzveli aghtqmis ghmerts, iahve-s, romelic ara saxeli aramed codebaa romelic unda gamoitqmodes iehoua, mere ehoshua (gelovani akaki, religiur terminta leqsikoni, tbilisi 1990, gv. 74) da nishnavs – iahve mxsnelia. iahve mxsnelia, absolutia, romelmac kacobriobas mouvlina mesia – mxsneli, misive dze, misive ertarsi.\nqartuli enit ki es saidumloc ixsneba (isev chemi varaudit, ra tqma unda): iehoua+shua > iehoshua = iahvem shva (qartuli shinaarsi – iahves shobili).\nmrcamsis mixedvit ieso qriste aris "dze ghvtisa mxolodshobili, mamisagan shobili ucinares yovelta saukuneta. nateli natlisagan, ghmerti cheshmariti ghvtisagan cheshmaritisa, shobili da ara qmnili, ertarsi mamisa, romlisagan yoveli sheiqmna". shobili nacarmoebia sityvidan shva (shoba).\nmashasadame qartuli enit aixsneba iesos shobisa da macxovrobis saidumlo...\nqartuli anbanic shesabamisia qartuli enisa. qartuli anbanshi yovel bgeras aqvs shesatyvisia aso da maqsimalurad martivad aris shesadzlebeli yovelis sityvis zusti gadmocema da scori cakitxva...\nmokled, chvens cinaprebs scamdat, rom qartuli ena, qartuli anbani, qartveli eri, zogadad saqartvelo - lazarea!\ngavixsenot didi qartveli moghvacis iovane-zosimes „qebaჲ da didebaჲ qartulisa enisaჲ“, sadac am da sxva misteriebis shesaxebaa saubari.\nqartuli eklesia lazares shabats aghnishnavs „qebaჲ da didebaჲ qartulisa enisaჲs“, anu qartuli enis, dghesascauls. ase gaertianda, gaigivda lazares aghdginebis dghesascauli qartuli enis didebis dghesascaultan.\ntumca, qartuli enis dghesascauli mxolod dghes ar aghinishneba, chven vicit, rom 1978 clis 14 aprils qartvelma xalxma, gansakutrebit mashindelma axalgazrdobam, moaxerxa da daicva qartuli ena, tavi gascira deda enisatvis da gaimarjva.\nlazares shabati da 14 aprili (an 14 aprili da lazares shabati) qartuli enis dghesascaulis dgheebia!\nsanam iarsebebs kacobrioba, manam iarsebebs qartveli xalxi, saqartvelo, vitarca martali lazare.\nyovel qartvels vulocavt lazares aghdginebisa da qartuli enis dghesascauls!\nqebaჲ da didebaჲ qartulisa enisaჲ damarxul ars enaჲ qartuli dghedmde meored mosvlisa misisa sacamebelad, raჲta yovelsa enasa ghmertman amxilos amit enita. __________\n21 Agv 13, 1:38:28\nda ese enaჲ mdzinare ars dghesamomde, da saxarebasa shina amas enasa lazare hrqჳan. da axalman nino moaqcia da hჱlene dedofalman, ese arian orni dani, vitarc mariam da martaჲ.\nda megobrobaჲ amistჳs tqua, vitarmed yoveli saidumloჲ amas enasa shina damarxul ars, da otxisa dghisa mkudari amistჳs tqua davit cinacarmetyvelman, rametu: celi atasi vitarca erti dghჱ. da saxarebasa shina qartulsa tavsa xolo matჱssa cili zis, romel asoჲ ars da ityჳs yovlad otx atassa maragsa. da ese ars otxi dghჱ da otxisa dghisa mkudari, amistvis mis tanave dafluli sikudilita natlis-ghebisa misisaჲta.\nda ese enaჲ, shemkuli da kurtxeuli saxelita uflisaჲta, mdabali da dacunebuli, moelis dghesa mas meored mosvlasa uflisasa.\nda sascaulad ese aqus: otxmeoc da atotxmeti celi umetჱs sxuata enata qristჱs mosvlitgan vidre dghesamomde.\nda ese yoveli, romeli ceril ars, mocamed carmogitxar, asi ese cili anbanisaჲ.\nanbani mtlianad ishifreba magram dzalian rtuli agsagebia da tavgzius amrevia se rom am patara ganmartebebs davcer.\nioanes saxareba gvamcnobs;\n„dasabamidan iyo sityva, da sityva iyo ghmerttan da ghmerti iyo sityva. is iyo dasabamidan ghmerttan.\nyvelaferi mis mier sheiqmna, da umisod araferi sheqmnila, rac ki sheiqmna.“\nsityva – berdznulad logosi – nishnavs agretve metyvelebas, sibrdznes; magram es ar nishnavs, rom „dasabamidan iyo sityva“ migvititebdes zepir sityvaze. es muxli ar gveubneba\ndasabamidan arsebuli sityva cerilobiti iyo tu zepiri, rac nishnavs, rom „sityva“ iyo\nrogorc cerilobiti aseve zepiri. sityva shedgeba asonishnebisgan. asonishanta garkveuli simravle ki aris anbani.\n„gamocxadeba ioane ghvtismetyvelisa“-shi ufali ambobs;\n„me var ani da hoe, dasabami da dasasruli, pirveli da ukanaskneli.“\nufali am muxlshi kvlav miutitebs, rom is aris anbani. a/ani/alfa da ჵ/hoe/omega aris qartuli asomtavruli anbanisa\nda, agretve, berdznuli\nanbanis pirveli da bolo bgera. es muxli gveubneba, rom:\nani da hoe aris dasabami da dasasruli; anu, ani da hoe aris dasabamidan da iqneba dasasruls;\nioanes saxarebis muxli ki gveubneba, rom:\ndasabamidan iyo sityva.\namdenad, „dasabamidan iyo sityva“ nishnavs, dasabamidan iyo ani da hoe anu anbani. e.i. biblia gveubneba, rom: „ sityva“ aris ani da hoe anu anbani. shesabamisad, zemot moyvanili saxarebis muxli shemdegnairad caikitxeba:\ndasabamidan iyo anbani, da anbani iyo ghmerttan da ghmerti iyo anbani. is iyo dasabamidan ghmerttan.\nyvelaferi mis mier sheiqmna, da umisod araferi sheqmnila, rac ki sheiqmna. xolo, gamocxadebis muxli shemdegnairad chamoyalibdeba: me var anbani, dasabami da dasasruli, pirveli da ukanaskneli. rac nishnavs, rom:\nanbani–sityva aris dasabami da dasasruli, pirveli da ukanaskneli.\nqartuli ena aris saqartvelos saxelmcifo ena, rac sxva yvelafertan ertad,nishnavs rom nebismieri araqartveli valdebulia ecados mis shescavlas, tu igi saqartvelos moqalaqea. qartul enaze laparakobs 4 milionamde adamiani saqartvelos sazghvrebshi. aseve azerbaijanis, turqetisa da iranis terotoriebze gvxvdeba qartuli enis ramodenime dialeqti, romlebsac iq mcxovrebi etnikuri qartvelebi ramodenime saukunis mandzilze arsebobas unarchuneben. miuxedavad imisa, rom qartuli ena mcire eris saxelmcifo enaa, misi urtulesi bgerebis gageba mteli msoflios masshgabit sheidzleba. amJamad, yvelaze vrceli qartuli diaspora rusetshia, shesabamisad saqartvelos sazghvrebs garet yvelaze meti xalxi am qveyanashi laparakobs qartulad.\nqartuli enis carmoshobis shescavlas, udzveles droshi gadavyavart. qartuli enis asoebisa da chveuli nishantvisebebis gautavebeli shedarebit ama tu im udzveles enastan da am shedarebebisgan gamotanili daskvnebis tanaxmad, qartuli ena miichneva udzvelesi “qartveluri enis” shtamomavlad. zemotxsenebuli ena ki chv.c-mde 2000 clit tarighdeba. dzvel enata scavlulebis tanaxmad, qartveluri ena mogvianebit gaiyo or nacilad, svanuri da qartuli, romelic mogvianebit gaiyo 3 nacilad: megruli, lazuri da qartuli. istoriuli faqtebis mixedvit, qartuli enis shemdgomi nakvalebi chv.c-mde me-3 saukuneshi chans, farnavazis mefobis periodshi. scored farnavazis dros, sheiqmna pirveli qartuli anbani(asomtavruli). anbanis sheqmnastan dakavshirebit arsebobs legenda, ris mixedvitac farnavazma naxa xilva, sadac mis cinashe monacvleodnen asoebi.\nasomtavruli anbanis nimushebi aghmochenilia udzveles eklesiebzec. asomtavrulit daicera udidesi literaturuli hagiografiuli dzegli shushanikis cameba, romelic tarighdeba me-5 saukunit.\nam tipis anbani didi xnis mandzilze darcha xmarebashi, magram me-9 saukuneshi qartul enashi shemovida nusxuri damcerloba. miuxedavad imisa, rom nusxuri me-9 saukunidan shemodis, pirveli nimushebi me-10 saukuneshi gvxvdeba. es nimushebi moicavs kidev ert hagiografiul dzegls “abo tfileli”.\nme-11 saukuneshi qartuli damcerloba kidev ertxel, amJamad bolojer, sheicvala mxedrulit. mxedruli gamodga sxva yvela damcerlobaze srulyofili. mxedrulis srulyofileba gamoixateba mis shedarebit simartivesa da ekonomiurobashi. am tipis anbanshi asoebis raodenoba emtxveva bgerebis raodenobas, rac mas mnishvnelovnad amartivebs. mxedruls anu qartul anbans aranairi msgavseba gaachnia sxva enebtan, ufro metic, igi aris msofliosho arsebuli 14 damcerlobidan ert-erti.\nqartuli ena moicavs 17-mde nacnob dialeqts, isini dziritadad 2 jgufshi arian ganacilebuli, esenia: dasavluri da aghmosavluri. isini ertmanetisgan shemdegi aspeqtebit gansxvavdebian: morfologiurad, sintaqsurad, fologiurad da leqsikonit. miouxedavad aseti gansxvavebebisa, nebismieri dialeqti agebulia standartuli enis struqturaze. ramodenime dialeqtis chamoyalibebaze gavlena mezobeli qveynebis(azerbaijani, somxeti, turqeti, ruseti) enebma moaxdines. albat yvelas gsmeniat ingilo, esec aris ert-erti dialeqti romelzec ac azerbaijanis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qartvelebi saubroben. es teritoria mdebareobs alaznis xeobis nacilze. kidev erti “damtvreuli qartulis” samshobloa klarjeti- teritoria shetyapunebuli turqebis mier :ukanali: . me-3 obieqti ucxour-qartuli dialeqtisa aris fereidnuli qartuli. xalxi romelic am enaze saubrobs cxovrobs iranis teritoriaze. isini carmoadgenen me-17 saukuneshi shah-abasis mier gadasaxlebuli kaxelebis shtamomavlobas. qartuli dialeqtebis chamoyalibebaze ucxoelebtan ertad, ra tqma unda, qartvelebic “zrunavdnen”. chveni qveynis mtian regionebshi xalxi iset doneze amartivebs qartul enas, rom mat tavianti dialeqtebi sheqmnes.\nhagiografiuli nashromebis garda qartul kalams sheuqmnia mravali shedevri, romeltac aciareba hpoves mtel msoflioshi. yvela “xmauriani” gamodga me-12 saukunis “vefxistyaosani”. es poema aghiarebulia evrofis ert-ert sauketeso nacarmoebad. igi itargmna mraval enaze, magaltad frangulze, espanurze, germanulze,inglisurze, ivritulze (ebrauli), rusulze, iaponurze, chinurze da a.sh. “vefxistyaosani” aseve iyo ert-erti pirveli nabechdi nacarmoebi, bibliastan ertad, saqartvelos istoriashi 1712 cels.\n* qartuli ena aris msoflioshi 120 adgilze masze molaparake xalxis raodenobis mixedvit (raodenoba itvleba mxolod etnikuri qartvelebit anu 4 milionamde)\n* qartul enashi ar arsebobs mdedrobiti an mamrobiti “is”.\n* qartuli zmna yoveltvis gulisxmobs tavis tavshi ert, or an sam subieqts. (magalitad gaugzavnis ( is, mas, mas) es erti sityva sxva enashi mtel cinadadebas moicavs)\n* 1705 cels, moskovshi mefe archil 2-is mititeebit nusxuri da xucuri anbanebit daibechda “davitni”. 1712 cels, ki vaxtang 6-is mier daarsebul stambashi, rogorc ukve vtqvi, daibechda “vefxistyaosani”, “biblia” da “axali aghtqma”\nesac ramdenime magaliti imisa rom kacobrioeba shesaclebelia qartul enaze metyvelebda tavdapirvelad, fatia is rome s yvelaferi realobas dzalian gavs da sapirispiros aravin amtkicebs ucoelebic ver amtkiceben rom es ase araa,mtavri chershmariteba ki imaleba isev da vin icis rodis gavigebd tu ra sicmindis ra istoriis ra kultisis da enis matareblebi vart....\naha, aghsrulda Jami, kactamodgmis ert enaze metyvelebisa, rametu dasabamitgan kacta modgma, ert enaze metyveli, odesaghac dakninda da ena misi sametyvelo shecvlil iqna Jamit-Jamad. oden shemorcha adgilsa masa, romelsac saqartvelo hqvia, sada hxarobs vazi qmnulketili da ersa mas qartvelsa, vazisa irgvliv cxovreba augia da ena igi sametyvelo, ghmrtis mfarvelobit, srulyofilad shemourchenia, saketildgheod. amas metyvelebs saxelni queyanata, adgilta, tomta, qalaqta, mdinareta, kundzulta, mtata tu zghvata da sxvata da svata. cnobil ars carghvna, - risxva ghmrtisa, codvata gamo, odes xmeleti ganipo. micas, romeli "eor epa"-sa da "afar iqa"-s ganshorda "amer iqa" ecoda, xolo xmeletsa, mun mcxovrebta mier, - "me aq is iqa". okeanesa mat shoris qmnulsa mimoqceva aqvnda. mun xmeleti Jamit chndeboda da Jamit cylit ifarvida, eset micat "landia" arqves; landia, ho landia, iot - landia, ze landia, shuat landia, gare landia, is landia, i ra landia, . . . eseti landi ati iyo da okeanesaca "atland"-is arqves (atlanda-si kan ari). cnebit metyvelebs isica, roma yovel queyanasa saxeli micis tvisebisa da mnishvnelobisa gamo hqvia. ese ars: gviana, mali, su mali, maldiv, malta, mal avi, sen egal, tangania (ganieri xisa gamo), brazi lia (haerita), kanada tu yanada (kvebeke-turt), or egon, flo rida, fla mand, guat emala, mala e zea, suri nam, anama, namdo, nam ibi a (civi dinebisa gamo, ho ten toti), mun tenia, vlaxe, ara vake, ara ukana (mat ukana qyveyana cyals mieca, ucin maxaraukania erqva), tia van aq o (kantoto), mataram, mendosa, angli a (anglobita uqme dghita), gond vana,-si indo (ghmertma daindo. nirvana), savana, ha vana, kart agen, karelia, kar intia, karmat, karia, kar ene, madgas kar, imerin, margian e, siami, eg ifte, elba tin, fal es tina, kapa doqia, amore a, aramia, ugaret, qanaani, ier iqon, gez eri, aqad, aqaia, aqave, aqemend (pirkania), epir, etol, akarnania, atika, tesa lia, greks, midia, nu midia, tunis, nagano, kan agava __________\n21 Agv 13, 1:46:55\nsaqartvelos katalikos patriarqi ilia II qartuli enis shesaxeb\nudidesi saunjea chveni qartuli ena! igi udzvelesi da utkbesia, raghac\ngansakutrebuli madlit mosili! rodis carmoishva igi? rodesac qartveli\nkaci gachnda amqveynad, ai, mashin carmoishva qartuli enac! qartuli ena\ndidebulia tavisi sighrmit, tavisi filosofiuri datvirtvit, tavisi\nudzvelesi formebit! amaze metyvelebs iseti saghvtismetyvelo da filosofiuri shromebi, romlebic hqondat, magalitad, efrem mcires, ioane petrics, – isini gadmocemulia qartuli enit! qartuli ena mdidaria saghvtismetyvelo-filosofiuri terminologiita da iseti sityvebit,\nromlebic sashualebas adzlevs adamians, zedmicevnit zustad gamotqvas\ntavisi azri. es imas nishnavs, rom igi aris kacobriobis ert-erti\ndghes amaze imitom vsaubrob, rom chven shoris arian adamianebi, romelta\nazrit arsebobs e.c. `qartveluri enebi”. minda gitxrat, rom aravitari\nqartveluri enebi ar arsebobs, aris mxolod erti ena qartuli, tavis\nmravalricxovani dialeqtit, rogoricaa – svanuri, megruli, mesxuri\nda sxva… es aris ara calke enebi, aramed erti qartuli enis\nchven unda gavufrtxildet chvens enas! gavixsenot ioane zosimes\ndidebuli sityvebi, qartuli enis shesxma – “qebai da didebai qartulisa\nenisai”. sxvata shoris, arsebobs mosazreba, rom shesadzloa, ioane zosime am\nqebais teqstis gadamceria da ara – avtori. mashin es shesxma ufro dzvelic\nsheidzleba iyos. ioane zosimes uceria, rom `saxarebasa shina amas enasa lazare\nhqvian”, igi aghdgeba, rogorc otxi dghis mkvdari lazare da gabrcyindeba;\nshemdeg ki himnografi gvamcnobs, rom meored mosvlis Jams qartulita\nenita ganisjeba samyaro. chven bevri gvifiqria amis shesaxeb da, albat,\ntitoeul tqvengansac ufiqria, tu rit daimsaxura qartulma enam esodeni\npativi? arsebobs cinascarmetyveleba imis shesaxeb, rom ukanasknel Jams\nkacobrioba dakargavs sarcmunoebas, chaefloba codvebshi da mxolod\nqartveli kaci daicavs cheshmarit sarcmunoebas da ai, amis gamo, rogorc\njildo, qartvel ers miecema es cyaloba ghvtisa, rom sayoveltao\ngankitxva qartuli enis moxdeba.\nminda mogicodot, gavufrtxildet chvens ghvtitbodzebul enas! davicvat igi da daveuflot mas! mogexsenebat, chven gagvachnia sami damcerloba,sami anbani, udzvelesi mat shoris aris asomtavruli (albat, imaze adrec iqneboda sxva), shemdeg –nusxa -xucuri da mxedruli. tamamad shemidzlia vtqva, rom ar meguleba arc erti qveyana, sami anbani rom hqondes!\nzogs tavisi damcerlobac ki ar gaachnia! amitom, chven movaleni vart, vicodet\nsamive anbani, tavisuflad unda vkitxulobdet samive damcerlobas. xshirad\nchveni axalgazrdoba shedis romelime udzveles tadzarshi da ar sheudzlia\nasomtavruli da xucuri carcerebis amokitxva. metsac getyvit, am 33 clis\ncin, roca sruliad saqartvelos patriarqad makurtxes, ishviatad tu\nmoidzebneboda adamiani, asomtavruli da nusxa-xucuri rom scodnoda da\nsaqme iqamdec ki mivida, rom Jamnsa da kondaks mxedrulad icerdnen da ase\nkitxulobdnen eklesiashi. me mat avukrdzale aseti qmedeba da am samive\nanbanis scavla davicyet.\nsamcuxaroa, rom dghes mravali problema aqvs qartul enas.\narseboben adamianebi, romelta shesaxebac zemot mogaxsenet, – vinc fiqrobs,\nrom svanuri, megruli da sxva dialeqtebi qartuli ena ar aris, aramed,\nraghac e.c. qartveluri enebia. qartuli ena mxolod ertia, amaze\nmetyvelebs is faqti, rom ar arsebobs arc megruli da arc svanuri\ndamcerloba, cinaaghmdeg shemtxvevashi gveqneboda amis mtkicebulebebi,\nudzvelesi xelnacerebi. mashasadame, aris mxolod erti qartuli ena! amis\nsacinaaghmdegod ilashqreben is adamianebi, romeltac ganzraxuli aqvt,\ntargmnons qartulidan svanurad da megrulad cminda cerili da sxva\nsaeklesio cignebi! isini did shecdomas ushveben da nebsit tu uneblieters\nmtroben. ra tqma unda, chven unda shevinarchunot megruli da svanuri\ndialeqtebi, magram es ojaxebshi unda moxdes.\nsaxelmcifo, saliteraturo ena ki aris erti – qartuli ena.\nqartulma enam gadaarchina chveni eri da qartuli ena da chveni\nsarcmunoeba gadaarchens mas aseve momavalshic. upirveles yovlisa, chven\nkargad unda vicodet qartuli ena, chveni damcerloba, samive anbani.\nvfiqrob, rom dacesebulebebze carcera unda iyos samive qartuli anbanit.\nes xels sheucyobs chvens mosaxleobas, tvali sheachvios da sheiscavlos samive\ndamcerloba: asomtavruli, nusxa-xucuri da mxedruli. mivmartav yvelas,\ngansakutrebit chvens biznesmenebs, taviant dacesebulebebs carcerebi\ngauketon samive anbanze. amit chven mivaghcevt, rom ert celicadshi yvelas\necodineba samive damcerloba.\nmartlac, saocaria qartuli ena da xshir shemtxvevashi, qartuli poeziis\ntargmna sheudzlebelia, imdenad ghrma aris qartuli ena. qartuli leqsis\ntargmani ucxour enaze dzalian fermkrtali da ubralo gamodis. bevrs\nutqvams shesxma qartuli enisa, magram bolo dros brcyinvaled gamotqva es\nirakli abashidzem. minda, kidev ertxel gaixsenot irakli abashidzis es\nsityvebi qartuli enis shesaxeb: “o, enav chemo, dedao enav”…\nsrulyofilad rom vflobdet qartul enas, unda vikitxot qartuli\ncignebi. gedzlevat locva-kurtxeva, arc ertma dghem ar ganvlos ise, rom\nrame ar caikitxot qartuli literaturidan. aucileblad unda vikitxot\nchveni klasika, – am cignebshi aris didi sighrme.\ndalocvili iyavit! gaxsovdet mudam, rom chveni erovnuli\ntvitshegneba, chveni qartuli ena, martlmadidebeli sarcmunoeba\nqartuli ena moicavs 17-mde nacnob dialeqts, isini dziritadad 2 jgufshi arian ganacilebuli, esenia: dasavluri da aghmosavluri. isini ertmanetisgan shemdegi aspeqtebit gansxvavdebian: morfologiurad, sintaqsurad, filologiurad da leqsikonit. miuxedavad aseti gansxvavebebisa, nebismieri dialeqti agebulia standartuli enis struqturaze. ramodenime dialeqtis chamoyalibebaze gavlena mezobeli qveynebis(azerbaijani, somxeti, turqeti, ruseti) enebma moaxdines. albat yvelas gsmeniat ingilo, esec aris ert-erti dialeqti romelzec ac azerbaijanis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qartvelebi saubroben. es teritoria mdebareobs alaznis xeobis nacilze. kidev erti “damtvreuli qartulis” samshobloa klarjeti- teritoria shetyapunebuli turqebis mier. me-3 obieqti ucxour-qartuli dialeqtisa aris fereidnuli qartuli. xalxi romelic am enaze saubrobs cxovrobs iranis teritoriaze. isini carmoadgenen me-17 saukuneshi shah-abasis mier gadasaxlebuli kaxelebis shtamomavlobas. qartuli dialeqtebis chamoyalibebaze ucxoelebtan ertad, ra tqma unda, qartvelebic “zrunavdnen”. chveni qveynis mtian regionebshi xalxi iset doneze amartivebs qartul enas, rom mat tavianti dialeqtebi sheqmnes.\n[b]qartuli dialqtebis klasifikacia xdeba mati geografiuli arealis mixedvit, qartvel xalxta tradiciuli etnografiuli qvedanayofis mixedvit. dasavlur da aghmosavlur dialeqtebs shoris zogiert mecnieri gamohyofs aseve samxretis jgufsac. sul xuti qvejgufia:\naghmosavluri dialeqtebi :\ncentraluri (shua) dialeqtebi :\nchrdilodasavluri dialeqtebi :\nsxva dialeqtebi: yizlar-mozdokuri dialeqti (ac dakarguli) gamoiyeneboda chrdilocentraluri kavkasiashi yizlarisa da mozdokis regionebshi im qartvelta shoris, romlebic saqartvelodan gadaixvecnen osmaletis okupaciis dros me-18 saukunis dasacyisshi. shereuli iyo ramdenime qartuli dialeqtisa rusul nasesxeb sityvebtan. mogvianebit jgufma rusifikacia ganicada da dialeqti daikarga.\niudaur-qartuli, gruzinuli – ena, romelzec qartveli ebraelebi saubrobdnen. fonetikurad, morfologiurad da sintaqsurad qartulia, leqsikurad qartul-ivritis narevi\nmsoflioshi anbani mxolod totxmetia. mat shoris erti udzvelestagania qartuli.\nda gadaurcha saukuneebis shemotevas ena qartuli. gaudzlo osmalta da sparsta, arabta, mongholta, sxvata gausadzlis dacolas. sarcmunoebasa da mamultan ertad, enac sheinarchunes iberebma. tumca, gadarchena igi lamis saboloo gachanagebad daujda ers. da mainc, moudrekeli suli, daumorchilebeli geni qartvelebisa, kvlavac mzad iyo da shemartuli gaxldat sami upirvelesi mcnebis, kvlavac sicocxlis gaghebis fasad dacvistvis. albat, scored amis gamo iyo meti dakvirveba, metis motmena, saukuneta mandzilze tavsgadamxdaris gatvaliscineba iyo aucilbeli, sabediscero nabijis gadadgmamde “ertmorcmune” chrdiloetelis mfarvelobis gadacyvetilebis mighebamde. magram albat, es iyo neba uzenaesisa, ase dasaja qartvelebi ukiduresad damghupveli archevanis gaketebistvis.\niqidan daicyo qartvelta sarcmunoebisa da enis arnaxuli sheuracxyofa da devna. yinuletidan shemochrili brbo daunaneblad, gamiznulad bilcavda da anadgurebda qartuli eklesia-monastrebis ubrcyinvales aghkazmulobas, kirita da batqashit faravda didebul xelovantagan sheqmnil umshvenieressa da ucmindes freskebs, yvelanairad avicroebda da salocavebidan erekeboda mghvdlebs, berebs, monoznebs, mrevls. rusetshi ezideboda udzvirfases xatebsa da saritualo nivtebs, udzveles cignebsa da foliantebs… mtavari ki cin iyo “ertmorcmunem da mfarvelma” damoukidebloba caartva qartul eklesias da sauktar nebas daumorchila udzvelesi qristianuli qveyana. rcmenasheginebul xalxs, rusi egzarqosebi “modzghvravdnen, sulierad gananatlebdnen”. imavdroulad, chrdiloelebma iberta gadasheneba mospobis meore umtavres sayrdens enas daucyes gashmagebit sheteva da yvelafers aketebdnen misi samudamo amodzirkvisa da dasamarebistvis. tavat civsa da yinulovan enaze metyvelni, dzaghlis enas ucodebdnen udzvelessa da umshvenieres, tkbilxmovan enas qartuls, sastikad krdzalavdnen masze laparaks, scavla-ganatlebas. samcuxarod, qartvel tavad-aznaurta, didgvarovanta da ganatlebuli sazogadoebis sulgayiduli nacili monurad daemorchila dampyroblis survils da sakutari ketilgheobis gasaumjobeseblad, chin-medlebisa da mocyalebis misaghebad, gverdshi amoudga mtersa da modzules, mastan ertad ighvcoda da escrafoda mshobliuri enis uaryofas. scored aman atqmevina gulmoklul grigol orbelians: “ra ena caxdes, eric daeces”.\ndzalam aghmarti xna. qartuli enis sheginebam, moghalatetagan misma uaryofam da chacixvlam arnaxulad daadzabuna, sarcmunoebis shelaxvis ukiduresma uimedobam moicva qartveli eri. sasocarkvetili da imeddakarguli xalxi, titqosda sheegua dampyroblisgan dadgmuli ughlis simdzimes. mometebulad, mecxramete saukunis micurulshi imarjva saxegashishvlebulma, sadzulvelma modzaladem. scored mashin gaisma ilias, akakis, vaJas da sxva tavdadebuli, gulantebuli mamulishvilebis mgrgvinavi xma enis, mamulisa da sarcmunoebis dasacavad, gadasarchenad. tumca, amao gamodga eriskacta tavgancirva sisxliani dampyrobeli, damonebuli da moghalate qartvelebis xelit gauscorda gonsmosul, tvalaxelil ers, xolo sulier mamad da cinamdzgholad aghiarebuli brdzenkaci, tyviit daaduma. didad dasaghonebelia, rom amgvarma angarishscorebam kidev ufro metad daadzabuna da daashina xmaamaghlebuli qartveloba, idzulebuli gaxada kvlavac morchilad sherigeboda vin icis, kidev ramdeni xnit rgebul mcaresa da mdzime xvedrs.\nmeoce saukunis ociani clebis shua periodshi, saqartvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis xanmokle shualedshi, isev mieca aghordzinebisa da kutvnili missiis aghsrulebis shesadzlebloba gulsatkenad dacixlul enas iberta. ghirsebashelaxulma, pativayrilma qartvelebma tavisuflad shedzles mshobliur enaze metyveleba, scavla. qartulma eklesiamac daibruna modzule mtrisgan caglejili damoukidebloba. tadzrebsa da monastrebshi kvlavac qartulad aghevlineboda cirvalocva, qartuli sagaloblebit mshviddeboda mrevli.\nsaqartvelos mashindelma katalikos patriarqma kirion meorem ase uqadaga qartvelebs mshobliuri enis shesaxeb:”\n“deda ena aris uflis kurtxevit chven cinapartagan aghshenebuli ucmindesi tadzari, romelsac svetebad udganan samshoblo qveynis moghvaceni; dangreva misi advilia, xolo aghdgena friad dzneli.\nmxolod im ers aqvs ufleba istoriul asparezzed cxovrebisa da moqmedebisa, romelic mudam icavs tavis enas, znes da chvevas”.\ndidxans aghar gastana qartveltagan sulis motqmis, qartuli enis gacocxlebisa da aghdgenis sanukvarma xanam. “ertmorcmune” dampyrobelma verafrit igua umdidresi gandzis iberta qveynis droebit xelidan gashveba. cecxlita da maxvilit shemoseulma saxel da fernacvalma chrdiloelma gveleshapma mometebuli barbarosobita da daundoblobit, mzakvrulad shenighbulma shemoutia enas qartuls, rcmenas martlmadideblurs. qristes mgmobelsa da ibert modzules, samudamod surda daevicyebina qartvelebistvis ioane zosimesgan tqmuli:\n“damarxul ars enai qartuli dghemde meored mosvlisa mesiisa sacameblad, rata yovelsa enasa ghmertman amxilos amit enita.\nda ese enai mdzinare ars dghesamomde da saxarebasa shina amas enasa lazare hqvian.\nda ese enai shemkuli da kurtxeuli saxelita uflisata, mdabali da dacunebuli moelis dghesa mas meored mosvlisa uflisasa”.\ngacitlebulsa da gavarvarebul sabchota saqartvelos konstituciashi saxelmcifo enad qartuli iyo chacerili. scored masze, im faratina furcelze mtavrdeboda iberta udzvelesi, umshvenieresi enis yvela ufleba da ghirseba. sinamdvileshi ki yvelaferi ufrosi “dzmis” yinulovan enas daqvemdebarebul damorchilebulad ketdeboda. mefis rusetis droidan met naklebad danagvianebulsa da shelaxul qartuls, sabchota rusetis droindel shenighbul dagegmili chuchyisa da sibindzuris ghvarcofic sheemata da tkbilxmovan, tbil, Jgherad qartuls Jangad moedo mkacri, dagubuli, yinulovani slavuri leqi. idzulebit tavsmoxveulma rusulma scrafad gandevna sacarmo dacesebulebebidan qartuli da sul umnishvnelo tatbiri tu shekrebac ki mxolod dampyroblis enaze tardeboda. tanamdebobebs chabghauchebuli tavmoyvareobacartmeuli “xelmdzghvanelebi” shesabralisad, uazrod da samarcxvinod lughlughebdnen rusulad. am gzit saxelmcifo xazinis mdzarcvelebs agharavitar aucileblobad aghar miachndat mshobliuri enis gamoqomageba, misi dacva da gafrtxileba. piriqit, ghirsebaayrilebi, gadagvarebulebi, taviants ujisho nashierebs rusul skolebshi da umaghlesi sascavleblebis slavurenovan fakultetebze ascavlidnen, radgan mxolod amnairad shedzlebdnen dampyroblisgan gakvalul mrude gzaze siarulit mopovebuli tanamdebobisa da nadzarcv-naqurdalis chabareba datovebas. samcuxaroa, magram mcare sinamdvilea, rom qartuli enis daudzlurebas, mis abuchad agdebasa da uaryofas, masze metyvelebis samarcxvinod michnevas mxars ubamda da escrafoda moghalate komunistur xelisuflebastan daaxloebuli, misit dapurebulpativmigebuli citeli sazogadoeba, qartuli inteligenciis saxels rom ichemebda. scored mati tanadgomita da tanxmobit, mati danashaulebrivi xelshecyobit mravldeboda saqartveloshi rusulenovani sabavshvo baghebi da skolebi, sxvadasxva sascavleblebi, umaghlesi sascavleblebis fakultetebi, gamodioda uamravi rusulenovani gazeti da Jurnali, sul ufro matulobda rusuli tele da radiogadacemebi, ixsneboda rusuli teatrebi, muzeumebi…\nsul ufro cxoveldeboda sabchouri imperiis bunagshi mokalatebulta survili da ganzraxva qartuli enis rac sheidzleba male dajabvnisa, samudamod gadagvareba amogdebisa. bunebrivia, chanafiqrsa da mizans ganxorcieleba, aghsruleba schirdeboda, rasac operatiulad axorcielebdnen citeli saqartvelos citeli xelisuflebi. imavdroulad, avi da shesachvenebeli saqmis mketebelni, mattvis sadzulveli da miughebeli qartuli enis “dacvisa da movla – patronobistvis” qmnidnen komisiebs, umnishvnelovanesi “saero saqmis ” ketebas rom avalebdnen.\n… bevris amtan qaghaldze yvelaferi aghsrulebuli iyo qartul enas veravin shebedavda xelyofas, mcireram augis tqmas. qaghalds mighma ki yvelaferi rusta sasiketod, mats saameblad ketdeboda. amitomac, agharaferi daudgat cin da sabchouri imperiis mmartvelebma, agharc im udzalo qaghaldze moisurves saxelmcifo enad qartulis chacera da 1978 cels ganaxlebuli sabchouri konstituciidan, misi amogheba brdzanes. cxadia, qartvel komunistta xelisufleba umal daemorchila mbrdzaneblis nebas, magram aboboqrebuli qartveli eris, inteligenciis ghirseuli nacilis, axalgazrdobis umravlesobis, erovnuli modzraobis tavkacta shekashirebam, matgan gaceulma cinaaghmdegobam da usheghavato motxovnam, xeli aaghebina imperiis jurghmulidan camosuli brdzanebis shesrulebaze.\nufro dacvrilebit: 1978 cels sabchota kavshiris xelisuflebam gadacyvita mokavshire respublikebshi adgilobrivi enistvis saxelmcifo enis statusis chamortmeva; ssrk-is saxelmcifo enad rcheboda mxolod rusuli ena.\nam ganzraxvis sisruleshi moyvanas cin aghudga mteli saqartvelos mosaxleoba. tbilisshi moecyo masobrivi gamosvlebi da msvleloba tsu-dan umaghlesi sabchos shenobisaken. vitareba xelisuflebisatvis umartavi xdeboda‚ saqartvelos ssr-is komunisturi partiis imJamindeli pirveli mdivani‚ eduard shevardnadze xalxtan gamovida umaghlesi sabchos shenobis cin vitarebis gansamuxtad da mat dasashoshmineblad.\nsabchota kavshiris xelisuflebam gaacnobiera‚ rom mxolod ori gamosavali iyo — sisxlisghvra an datmoba da moskovi idzulebuli sheiqmna daetmo. am movlenebis gamo 14 aprili araoficialurad dedaenis dghed gamocxadda.\nmsgavsi movlenebi moxda 1978 clis 25 maiss batumshic‚ rodesac unda daemtkicebinat acharis assr-is konstitucia, romlidanac aseve „gamqrali iyo muxli qartuli enis shesaxeb.\ntumca, yvelaferi isev qaghalds mindobili aghmochnda. qartuli ena saqartveloshi isev udzalo da umaqnisi gaxldat. sabchouri imperia kvlavac tavis shavbnel zraxvebs axorcielebda, bindzur saqmeta mketebeli avkacebi tavisas ar ishlidnen. kargad gvaxsovs, raoden utifrad da tavxedurad, rusuli shovinisturi sulis ashkara gamoxatvit moitxova tbilisshi chamosulma kremlis maghalchinosanma, saldafonma chinovnikma, rusuli skolebisa da umaghlesi sascavleblebis kidev ufro momravleba, rusuli enis gacilebit gazrdili moculobit scavleba. magram, ar ecera aghsruleba modzaladis damghupvel survils. dzalamocemuli erovnuli modzraobis aghordzinebam da momdzlavrebam, dasacyisshive chaaxsho da chakla qartuli enis saboloo dasamarebistvis camocyebuli kampania.\nerovnuli xelisuflebis mosvlam, damoukideblobis gamocxadebam, upirveles rigshi daayena sakitxi qartuli enis kutvnili adgilis dasamkvidreblad. sxvanairad arc sheidzleboda ibert qveyanashi, qartuli ena unda yofiliyo ganmgebel gamkitxavi, qartul micaze mosaxle yvela juris chamomavals, pativi da dideba unda miego mistvis, aucileblobad chaetvala masze metyveleba. asec xdeboda ucxo tomisani qartuli enis scavlis, masze laparakis udides survils acxadebdnen da scavlobdnen, laparakobdnen.\nchvenda savalalod, didxans ar gastana netarma da sanatrelma xanam enisa qartulisa. erovnuli xelisuflebis samxedro gadatrialebis gzit damxobam, saqartvelos kvlavac rusetis dampyrobluri imperiis gamgeblobashi daqvemdebarebam, isev safrtxe da sashishroeba sheuqmna bevris gadamtan chvens enas. martalia, dghes ucindeli gashmagebita da gaaftrebit aghar utevs iberta enas chrdiloeli “mfarveli da ertmorcmune” (amisi mizezi ki tvit imperiiis shignit carmoqmnili arnaxuli krizisi da shinaashlilobit gamocveuli moucleloba gaxlavt), magram garkveuli moculobit rusuli isev cdilobs qartulis morevas. korumpirebuli “zeda fenac” isev slavurs adzlevs upiratesobas da masze metyvelebas amjobinebs. imavdroulad, enas mshobliurs sxva mxridanac shemouties vitomcda ucxoettan urtiertobis damyarebit, vitomcda ertoblivi “sacarmoebisa da firmebis” sheqmnit, rusultan ertad inglisurma, germanulma, turqulma da sxva enebmac shemouties da sadgheiso ganukitxaobis cyalobit, slavurisgan gvarianad danagvianebul qartulshi, guldagul cdiloben damkvidrebas.\ngulsatkenia, rom eris saarsebo erti aucilebeli safudzvlis am shegnebulsa da gamiznul damangrevel qmedebas, qartuli enis amgvarad sheryvnas aravin aqcevs yuradghebas da danashaulebrivi gulgrilobit shehyureben, ismenen miughebelsa da daushvebels, sascrafod aghsakvetsa da uarsayofs. mousminet da naxet “qartuli televiziisa da radios” ukiduresad dabalprofesiul, enobrivad gaumartav, damaxinjebuli teqstebit momzadebul mdare xarisxis gadacemebs, tvali gadaavlet esoden mozghvavebul Jurnal-gazetebshi gamoqveynebul yovelmxriv samarcxvino masalebs, matshi daxvavebul ucxo, gaugebar sityvebsa da iaffasian Jargons, daiaret qalaqis qucha-moednebi da dakvirvebit daatvalieret maghaziebis, kafe-restornebisa tu sxva obieqtebis, dacesebulebebisa da firmebis carcerebi. ratom amdeni ucxo dasaxeleba? nutu, chamotvlil obieqtta patronebma veraferi shesatyvisi vera naxes da moigones umdidressa da amoucurav qartulshi?\nnuravis egoneba es yvelaferi ushno axireba, uazro chirveuloba iyos. scoredac rom ara. piriqit, yvela civilizebulsa da ganvitarebul qveyanashi upirvelesad saxelmcifo enad aghiarebuls anicheben upiratesobas, masze metyvelebis aucileblobas uyeneben iq samosaxlod chasult, misit natlaven yvelanair sacarmosa da dacesebulebas, firmas, korporacias, koncerns, nacarms… asea, yvlas tavisi urchevnia da mis sul mcired augad xsenebas, udierad mopyrobas aravis apatieben. chvenshi ki ratomghac bevrma daivicya oditgan chkvianurad natqvami:\n“sxvis baghshi turashaulis dargvas, sakutarshi maJalos datesva gerchioso“.\nasea, sakutari unda varchiot sxvisas. mitufro enis mxriv, bevrad cin rom vdgavart uamrav ersa da tomze. ena qartuli xom erti udzvelestagania da umdidresia dedamicis zurgze. movuarot da gavufrtxildet, moveferot da davicvat ena chveni mshobliuri, gavcmindot da ucindeli mshveneba davubrunot. da vilaparakot udzvelesi, ghvtivkurtxeuli, dalocvili, ulamazesi, ubrcyinvalesi enit qartulit iakobis, davitis, tamaris, sabas, shotas, ilias, akakis, vaJas, konstantines dzarghviani qartulit.\nnurasdros davivicyebt, yvelas vaucyot chvens simdidresa da gandzze, bevristvis sanatrelsa da vermopovebulze, rom: “qartuli marto enaa?! qartuli qartvelt rcmenaa! ghmertia! bedisceraa! zghva roa! imodenaa!”\ngazeti “qartuli maxvili”\n1998 celi, aprili\nsaqartvelos mtebshi gagachina zenam,\nsiyvarulis, leqsis, sadghegrdzelos enav!\nmoimghera dghemdis udzvelesma tomma\nshlegi chanchqerebis napralebze xltoma,\nmyinvarebis ghvtiur brcyinvalebit dnoba,\njagnarebshi irmis jogis navardoba,\ngafantuli faris mtaze dajangheba\nda qartuli faris farze dajaxeba!\nudzvelesma tomma dghemdis moimghera,\nmcife puris yana qarshi rogor ghelavs,\nsarkinetshi grdemlze rogor scemen uros\nda varskvlavi zghvebze rogor mogzaurobs,\nan mtvarian ghamit cixe-koshkis chrdilshi\nra tkbilia farul siyvarulis shishi,\nroca ghamismtevlebs lxini gaumartavt\nda sizmrebi roca tvlemen sastumaltan…\nxmata xaverdebis da ghmertebis enav! lado asatiani\nyvela ar maxsovs an chems mieraa dacerili __________\n22 Agv 13, 20:09:13\nkargi temaa martlac zura da tu lwyarosac miutiteb da miamateb kide ufro uketesi iqneba 5. monadire1987(Off)Pas|Cit|PM\n22 Agv 13, 22:52:33\nSILENT_PARANOIC, sagol dzmao.bevri gishromia. 6. PSYCHO_LOGIC(Off)Pas|Cit|PM\n22 Agv 13, 23:18:02\n#741029 LORD wyaro erti araa bevria. Chemi nawericaa da bevri sxva wyaroebia 7. PSYCHO_LOGIC(Off)Pas|Cit|PM\n22 Agv 13, 23:19:15\n2 saati vagrove ertad movuyare tavi. 8. Taylor(Off)Pas|Cit|PM\n22 Agv 13, 23:37:37\n#741098 SILENT_PARANOIC kargia yochag, forumistvis tu ginda qartul informaciebze tema am saitze kargs verafers naxav www.saunje.ge da www.qim.ge chem forumshi am saitebidan gadamaq temebi da kmayofili var, ogont wyaros miwera ar dagaviwydes, seriozuli saitebi gaxlavs egeni da saavtoro uflebis dargvevistvis sheidzleba forums sheuqmnan problemebi. 9. PSYCHO_LOGIC(Off)Pas|Cit|PM\n23 Agv 13, 1:41:20\nTaylor ambobs:"#741098 SILENT_PARANOIC kargia yochag, forumistvis tu ginda qartul informaciebze tema am saitze kargs verafers naxav www.saunje.ge da www.qim.ge chem forumshi am saitebidan gadamaq temebi da kmayofili var, ogont wyaros miwera ar dagaviwydes, seriozuli saitebi gaxlavs egeni da saavtoro uflebis dargvevistvis sheidzleba forums sheuqmnan problemebi. "\n100% iani kopireba arc minda ,dro ar amqvs xolem torem davwer 100 postian temebs ise rom arafers davakopireb,\nsheidzeba ert temashi gamoviyeno 10saitis da meyis info,\nforumebidan miotumetes ar vakopirebt ar sheizleba,blogi an rame msgavsi saiyidan sheidleba magram ragac ragaceebis miamteba gamoklebit...... 10. LORD(Off)Pas|Cit|PM\n23 Agv 13, 3:50:26\nSILENT_PARANOIC ambobs:"#741029 LORD wyaro erti araa bevria. Chemi nawericaa da bevri sxva wyaroebia"\nmitumetes kide ufro kargia roca sxvadasxva wyaroa da tu shedzleb miutite... ++ temistvis. <<Cina. | Shemdegi>>1,2


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