url: =Tasledt n tsiwelt deg wungal Inig Aneggaru n Brahim TAZATART-Boubhira Hayet et Bouchouka Malika.pdf | Narration | Conte\nEnregistrerEnregistrer Tasledt n tsiwelt deg wungal Inig Aneggaru n Brahi... pour plus tard\n327 vues131 pages\nLa ornamentación en el capricho titulado Prinzessin Brambilla de E.T.A. Hoffman\nTIGDUDA TAZZAYRIT TAMAGDAYT TAERFANT ALIF N ULMUD\nUNNIG D UNADI USSNAN\nTASEDDAWIT AKLI MEND ULA N TUBIRET\nAGEZDU N TUTLAYT D YIDLES AMAZI\nMaster 2 L.M.D\nMass : LAOUFI Amar\nDi tazwara ad nesnemmer Rebbi\ni d-a-d-yefkan afud d tebest\nakken ad nessali amahil-agi-nnte.\nSeg ul yefan ara nesnemmer\nMass Laufi mer\ni d-yellan di lmendad n umahil-agi-nnte\nSeg wasmi yebda almi yekfa.\nTanemmirt i yiselmaden-nne yal yiwen s yisem-is\nI yinelmaden n useggas amenzu (2012-2013).\nTanemmirt i yimawlan-nnte i yellan er tama-nnte\nNessaram-asen tezi n lemer.\nAd budde amahil-agi i yimawlan-iw\nzizen fell-i, i emmle aas :\nBaba azamul n tisas d laman\nYemma asgen n lenana d sser.\nI watmatn-iw : Rafik, Akli, Nassim, Aissa.\nI weltma : Nassima\nI lamr-iw, i win ara cerke tudert-iw\nI wergaz-iw Walid\nI twacult-iw d twacult n wergaz-iw\nmerra anda ma tella.\nI temdakkult-iw Malika i yellan yid-i\nSeg tazwara almi d taggara\nI yiselmaden yal wa s yisem-is\nI yinelmaden n useggas amezwaru\nn ugezdu n tutlayt d yidles Amazi\nn tesdawit n Tubiret.\nzizen fell-i, i emmle aas aas, Baba\nazamul n tisas d laman akk d yemma asgen\nn lenana akked d sser.\nIwatmaten-iw d yesetma akken ma llan\nIwid akk i a-a-d-yefkan afus n lemawna\nA lada iselmaden n ugezdu d tutlayt tamazit\nAd budde tazrawt-agi i werfiq n wul ( A )\nMebla ma ttu ad budde tanemirt tameqrant\nI temdakelt-iw Hayet i d-yellan er tama-w\nDeg umahil i nexdem d lwaid seg tazwara\nAlmi d tagara-s\nAbeddu ameqran i wid yefkan tiwiin\nI wakken ad yidir lael n tmazit\nAkk d wid mazal ass-a ttnaen\nef tmazit seg wul\nTazwart tamatut ...................................................................................................\nIxef amenzu: Tsekla d wungal .......................\n1. Amezruy n wungal di tsekla .\n1.1. Ungal di tsekla tagralant ........................\n1.2. Ungal di tsekla taqbaylit\n1.2.1. Ungal aqbayli s tenfalit tefransist ..................\n1.2.2. Ungal aqbayli s tenfalit taqbaylit ...................................................\n2. Tameddurt n umaru Brahim TAZAART .............................................\n3. Awal ef ungal Inig Aneggaru .............................................................\n4. Agzul n wungal .........................................................................................\nIxef wis sin: Timiranin n teri ...............................................................\n1. Tasensiwelt ...............................................................................................\n1.1. Tabadut-ines ...........................................................................................\n1.2. Tarda n tsensiwelt .................................................................................\n1.3. Iferdisen n tsensiwelt ...........................................................................\n2. Ullis ............................................................................................................\n2.1. Timiranin tigejdanin n wullis ............................................................\n2.2. Taessa n wullis\n2.3. Tuddsa n wullis ......................................................................................\n2.3.1. Takayt ...............................................................................................\n2.3.2. Tasiwelt. ..............................................................................................\nIxef wis tlata: Tiri n tsiwelt deg wungal .................................................\n1. Tasiwelt .....................................................................................................\n1.2. Tala n tsiwelt ......................................\n1.2.1. Tasiwelt s umatar n layeb\n1.2.2. Tasiwelt s umatar win yettmeslayen ................\n1.2.3. Tasiwelt s umatar win i wumi nettmeslay\n1.3. Amsawal d lenaf-ines .........................................................................\n1.3.1. Lenaf n umsawal .\n1.3.2. Tiwuriwin n umsawal .......................................................................\n1.5. Akud ....................................\n1.5.1. Akud agensay ...\n1.5.2. Akud aniri\n1.5.3. Amsefer n wakud\n1.6. Tifukkes n tsiwelt\n1.6.1. Iswiren n tsiwelt .\n1.6.2. Akud n tsiwelt ..\n1.7.1. Tawuri n yiwudam\n1.7.2. Azenzi amesgan\nIxef wis reba: Taslet n wungal Inig Aneggaru ..................................\n1. Aric n tekayt ........................................................................................\n1.1. Tugzimt ...................................................................................................\n1.2. Takerrist .................................................................................................\n1.3. Azenzi imsemmes ................................................................................\n2. Aric n tsiwelt ..........................................................................................\n2.1. Seg tama n tala .....................................................................................\n2.2. Amsawal ..................................................................................................\n2.3. Taslet n tallunt d wakud ...................................................................\n2.4. Tiffukas ...................................................................................................\n2.4.1. Iswiren n tsiwelt ...............................................................................\n2.4.2. Akud n tsiwelt ....................................................................................\n2.5. Taslet n yiwudam ...............................................................................\nTagrayt tamatut ....................................................................................................\nYal timetti, yal akud, gar tgemi d wansay, ibennu umezruy assaen gar\nyigduden yebnan ef yisuaf i tettak tsuta i taye, s wakka tasekla d lsas n lebni\nn yinumak ittezririgen ef yissafen n tussna, tettawi lawhi deg tudert n wumdan.\nTasekla d agerruj, d asafu n tafat; wa yettak-it i waye. Tasekla tettawi-d ef\ntmetti, ef lewayed-is, tettawi-d dien ef yimdanen d wassaen yettilin garasen, akked wassaen yellan gar tmettiyin, s umata tasekla tettbeggin-d udem n\ntmetti. S tsekla i nezmer ad d-nefk udem n tmetti, ama s lewayed-is ama s\nyiulfan-is ne s tektiwin-is. Tettbeggin-d dien lila n tsertit d tdamsa (1).\nLemmer ad nsuk ti ef tsekla tamazit, ad naf ur temgired ara ef\ntsekliwin tiberraniyin acku amur ameqqran deg-sent rrant lmil er tsekla\ntimawit. Tasekla n tmazit tansayt tella d timawit, tetteddu seg yimi er\ntmezzut. Ayen i d-yeqqimen deg-s d aberruy amecu seg wayen i d-an\nyimezwura, imi aric ameqqran iru am wakken yettwattu am tmucuha,\ntamedyazt, inzan, lemun, timseraq. Ahat aberruy-agi i d-yegran tura, yegra-d\nacku erzen-t-id s tira, maca drus mai ma nqquren-it er wayen tekseb yakan\ntasekla-agi n tmazit.\nTasekla tamazit ebsen leqrun akked yineruyen n umzruy deg tallit\ntimawit, tesmedez akken ad tual d lemri i ugdud acku tuget n tsekla-agi\ntsenned kan ef tira tawezlant am tmedyazt, inzan, timucuha (ulama annect-a ula\nd netta s wazal-is). Leqrun hemjen deg wayen i d-snulfan yimezwura-nne,\nebban-t deg wugni n tatut. Cwi-nni i a-id-yewwen ur yezmir ara ad yefk\nudem aeqqi ef wamek ddren lejdud-nne ne ef wamek tella tidmi-nsen ne\nsani i yewehha useked-nsen.\nOUGOUAG-KEZZAI, (CH.), La rflexion sur la littrature orale , In: El Insane No01, Ed CRAPE, 1983, P\n19. Daprs cette littrature, une image du groupe ou de la socit qui la produite, de la socit dans sa\ntotalit, avec sa reprsentation du mode, ses normes, ses sentiments, ses aspirations et ses idaux, ainsi que son\nmode de fonctionnement avec tout le contexte social, conomique, politique, et le sens de son mouvement .\nAulfu s tmettant yeggunin aar, yessak-id nnif n kra n yimnuda akken ad\nd-ssuksen ayen i d-yegran di tsekla tamazit seg tuccar n tatut akked ebbu. Seg\nBoulifa er Mouloud Mammeri, eddi ef Mouloud Feraoun, Belaid Nat Ali,\nJean El Mouhoub Amrouche, Malek Ouary, Taous Amroucheatg. Aas n\nwayen nnan yimezwura-nne i ietqen di tmettant s demma n unadi-nsen akked\ntira-nsen. I tikkelt tamezwarut, tasekla taqbaylit (tamazit imi leqdic-agi irea\nleqrar ula di temnain nnien n tamaza) tekcem adlis, tufa leqrar di tira. Akken\nad yihriw usalu ad yual d abrid, tenulfa-d tjerrumt ara igen ilugan i tira.\nTimetti taqbaylit d tin i yettwasnen aas s yidles-is d umezruy-is, tettwassen\ndien s tsekla-s. Ma yella tasekla tamensayt taqbaylit d tin i yellan d timawit\nkan, yerna tiwsatin-is d tid i yerzan anagar tamedyezt, timucuha, inzan d\ntemseraq. Maca, di taggara n lqern wis ttaac (19) d tazwara n lqern wis ecrin\n(20), tegga asurif er zdat, imi aas n wid yuran tasekla tansayt, llan wid i dijemen ayen yellan di timawit, awden-as tira am: S. Boulifa, ad d-naf dien\nHanoteau i yuran Posie populaire de la kabylie du Djurdjura , s tutlayt n\ntefransist, deg-s ijem-d 621 isefra. Llan wiya, jemen-d ayen yellan di\ntimawit, rnan senfalin-d s ur-sen, seg tallit-nni er wass-a yella-d umaynut,\nyella-d wayen yellan d atrar, am Belaid At Ali i yeran asalu s tira-s d usuffe n\nkra n tmucuha d tullisin, i wakken ad yerez tutlayt d yidles amazi. I wakken\ntutlayt-agi ur tkeem ara di temda n tatut. S waya, i tebda tsekla n tmazit\ntkeem di tira, banent-d deg-s tewsatin timaynutin am: amezgun, tullist, ungal.\nTasekla tatrart tella, akken dien tettnarni, ayagi issebgan-d d akken tettara-d s\nwaas ef wayen tewa tmetti (1).\nUngal* d tawsit n tesrit, tcudd er tira.(2) Ungal di yal tasekla d tanfalit ef\ntmetti, ef umezruy, ef wayen akk tesedda n yieblan n tegrawliwin,.atg.\nCHAKER, (S.), La naissance dune littrature crite, le cas berbre (kabylie) , In: Bulletin des tudes\nafricains, No 17-18, Ed Inalco, Paris, 1992, P 17.\nREUTER, (Y.), Introduction lanalyse du roman, 2 Ed, Armand Colin, Paris, 2006, P 06. Il sagit duvres\ncrites, en prose .\nAneggal yettara-d deg ungal-is ef lewayed, akked d wansayen n tmetti-is. D\ntawsit yettawi-d deg-s uneggal ef yineruyen n tekayt anida yessaxdam kra n\nyiferisen n tilawt, lamana yessexdam dien asugen, yettawi-d deg-s\ntiawsiwin ur nelli ara d tidet di tilawt. Ahat tiawsiwin-agi ttwaeban-t, yeba\nuneggal ad tent-id-yessekfel ne ad tent-id-yessebggen, ne tiawsiwin-agi\nxuent di tmetti-is, yeba ad tent-ibeddel, ne ad tent-id-irnu er tmetti-is.\nAneggal* i wakken ad d-yessefhem agbur n wungal-is, yesselay tidyanin\nn tekayt s uglam n tudert n wumdan ungali, d wanda yettidir, d tallit melmi i\nI wakken ad d-yerr uneggal ef tmetti-is, yettak azal meqqer i yiwudam-is\nungaliyen. Seg-sen i nezmer ad nefhem tamuli-nsen ef wayen akk isen-dyezzin, ef tmetti-nsen, ef yiulfan-nsen. Aneggal yettaf iman-is deg ungal-is,\nimi s yimru-is i ittekkes lijab ef waas n tawsiwin i yezdin timetti-is. Yella\nanda aneggal yettawi-d kra n tawsiwin eant, llant di tilawt, yettak-d uneggal\nazemzi iean n yineruyen. Tikwal yettak-d ismawen n yimdanen i yellan di\ntilawt, n wid ikecmen deg umezruy. ef wannect-a i yettili umeri takayt n\nwungal tera-d d e.\nUngal di tsekla n tmazit, d tawsit tatrart, akken kkan iteddu ad trei\ntirkkizin-ines, tnulfa-d deg yiseggasen n tmanyin (80), anida bdan yimyura n\ntmazit ttaran lwelha-nsen er tira, lada ad suffen tamazit seg timawit i\nwakken ad as-rren azal.\nDi tallit-agi n tmanyin (80) aas n tedyanin i d-yeran, tugdi, lebus,\ntaessirt,atg. Tamurt tenneqlab, ssber yewwe er ledd-is, d lawan i wakken\nad fsin leqyud, s waya i d-tban tefsut n yimazien, di 20 yebrir 1980, i yesan\nazal d ameqqran deg umezruy n leqbayel, yis-s i d-yuki ugdud.\nAyen yezdin akk ungalen i d-yeffen s teqbaylit s umata d isental, ad naf\ntuget deg-sen wwin-d ef taluft n tmazit, tumast akked wayen tettidir tmurt n\nDi lawan-nni, yal wa d acu n ubrid i yefer i wakken ad d-yessebggen leis, llan wid yeffen er yiberdan, wiya xtarren abrid n tira, lemmer aha-t ad\nawen er cwi seg wayen suturren. Di tewsit-agi d tiya i d-ttawin ef wayen\nyeran di tallit-nni, ttawin-d s umata ef umennu n tmanyin (80), ef tutlayt d\nyidles amazi. Ttawin-d dien ungalen n tmazit ef yisental nnien am:\nusenqed n tmetti, rrebreb, tayri.\nMa nerra tamuli-nne er tezrawin ef ungal amazi, ad naf ur ugtent ara.\nKra wwint-d ef tutlayt i sseqdacen deg ungal; ad naf kra n yimagraden am win\nSinikka Loikkanen(1), kra ef usental; am yimagraden n Dahbia Abrous(2) i dyewwin ef ungal n Rachid Alliche Asfel d Fafa , akked I d wass d\nTagrest n uru n Amer Mezdad). Kra n tezrawin d yinadiyen deg uric-agi n\ntsekla yuran, d tin gan isdawiyen ama d tin n nnig n turagt, ne d tin n turagt,\nnezmer ad nebder tid yettwaxedmen ef wungal s umata am I d wass ,\nTagrest n uru , Ass-nni n Amer Mezdad, Asfel , Fafa , n Rachid\nMa negga-d tamuli er tezrawin yettwaxedmen ef ungalen n Brahim\nTAZAART ad ten-id-naf ef Salas d Nuja , d wungal Ljerrat atg. Ma\nyella ef ungal-agi aneggaru i d-yessuffe deg useggas n 2012 i wumi isemma\nInig Aneggaru, imi d ungal amaynut mazal ur ttwaxedment ara fell-as\ntezrawin, aha-t nekkenti gar tmezwura ara as-ixedmen tazrawt.\nLOIKKANEN, (S.), Vocabulaire de roman kabyle (1981-1995), une tude quantitative in EDB, No15-16, Ed\nEdisud, Marseille, 1998, PP 85-196.\nABROUS, (D.), Rachid Alliche, in Hommes et femmes de kabylie, Ed ina-yas/Edisud, Aix-en-Provence, 2001,\nTizrawin-a yettwaxedmen ef wungal aqbayli ad naf tuget deg-sen rzant\ntaslet n yiwudam, akked d wadeg, kra wwint-d ef tutlayt i sseqdacen\nwungalen, kra ef yisental n tmagit deg ungal, kra nnien ef ukenni gar sin\nungalen, dien llant tid ef usemres n tiriwin yemxallafen am teri tasimyutikit\n(tiri n unamek), d teri asnazmul (smiologie), d teri tasmirest\n(Intertextualit), ma deg wayen yenan tiri tasensiwelt, imi d tiri wessien deg\nyiferdisen i d-yettakken tuddsa n uris ur d llint ara s waas. Ihi seg tama-nnte\nnere ad nawi tazrawt-nne ef yiwen n uferdis seg yiferdisen-is d aferdis n\ntsiwelt d teslet-ines deg wungal n Brahim TAZAART.\nDeg yiberdan n tezrawin d umgired-nsent di teri, ad nere seg tama-nne\nad nkemmel deg wubrid n teslet s wudem nnien, d taslet ara ad yilin ef\nuseqdec n yiferdisen n tsensiwelt deg ungal n Brahim TAZAART Inig\nAneggaru lada ayen yenan aferdis n tsiwelt, imi yal aneggal yemgarad d\nwaye deg wayen yesseqdec n yiferdisen i wakken ad yalles, wa ad yessawe\nUqbel ad nessiwe ad nefk tamukrist-nne, nera kra n yidlisen n tsenarayt\nara a-d-inejren abrid er yiswi-nne, wa ad teddu tazrawt-agi-nne akken ilaq\nnjem-d kra n yidlisen i d-yezzerwen ef wungal, ama s tefransist ama s tarabt\n- RAIMAND, (M.), Le roman, 2 Ed, Armand Colin, Paris, 2005.\n- REUTER. (Y.), Introduction lanalyse dun roman, 2 Ed, Armand Colin,\n- REUTER, (Y), Lanalyse de rcit, 2 Ed, Armand Colin, France, 2005.\n- SCHAEFFER, (J.M.), La narratologie in nouveau dictionnaire\nencyclopdique des sciences de la langue, Ed Seuil, 1999, Paris.\n.1998 ) ( " " -Tamukrist\n2000. 1 ( ) " " .2003\nSeg turi-nne i yidlisen-agi, asteqsi i ef tessa tazrawt-agi-nne d wa :\nAmek i d-yella usqerdec n tsiwelt deg ungal Inig Aneggaru n\nBrahim TAZAART ?\nI wakken ad nerr ef usteqsi-agi neba tazrawt-a ef reba yixfawen.\nIxef amenzu ad d-nawwi deg-s awal ef wayen yenan ungal di tsekla\ntagralant d teqbaylit s umata.\nDeg yixef wis sin ad d-nemmesli ef tmiranin tigejdanin n teriwin n\ntsekla (Tasensiwelt, Ullis, d wayen iten-yerzan). Ma yella deg yixef wis tlata ad\nd-nawwi awal s telqayt ef teri n tsiwelt deg wungal s umata.\nMa yella d ixef aneggaru d win ara ad d-yilin ef teslet n sin yiricen:\ntakayt d tsiwelt deg wungal n Brahim TAZAART Inig Aneggaru .\nDi taggara n tezrawt- ef agi-nne ad tili tagrayt tamatut, d tagrayt wayen i\nd-nebder yakkan d wayen i er neawe, rnu er-s amawal aseklan d tibula.\nSsebbat i d-a-yean ad nefren asentel-agi ur d-yelli ara kan akka, ne d\naab i d-a-yeeb, maca afran yesa assa d yiswan i cceben anadi, yettaba\ndien aettam usnan, leqdic usnan yealab seg umnadi ad yerr deg tama\ntunmasit-ines, ne ayen i d-as-yeqqar wul-is, ilaq ad ya abrid n usikked, akked\nteslet i wakken ad d-yekkes ayen yeffren d wayen i icubken. Ihi deg ubridagi, ula d tasekla n tmazit tewa annect-agi.\nAfran n usentel-agi ibedd ef waas n tmental ad nebder gar-asent:\nTimentalt tagejdant d tin yerzan tamuli er tsekla tamazit yuran (Seg\nwasmi i d-terna tira er tutlayt tamazit akked tlalit n tmetti, akked d tsekliwin n\nddunit i d-islalayen tewsatin timaynutin am: umezgun, ungal, tullist). S ubrid\nn yiwet n tussna i wumi neqqar tasensiwet, i yellan d aqerreb ne d taslet\ntagensayt ne taessant n uris. Aya ad yili d addad iehden i tezrawin i\nyessexdamen inekkmar nnien. S wakka, ma nesdukkel inekkmar-agi ad yili yal\nwa yettkemmil i waye.\nTimentalt tis snat terza tifrat i tezmer ad d-tefk teri n tsensiwelt labeda\nassaen i yettilin gar wakud, tasiwelt akked d umsawal i kra n tewsatin n wullis,\ntaslet tagensayt i tewsatin-agi tettara tilisa gar tewsatin ne tettak-d kra n\ntulmisin n wungal am wakken ara ad nwali di teslet n tsensiwelt deg wungal\nInig Aneggaru n Brahim TAZAART.\nTimentalt tis tlata d tasekla tamirant yuran, tefka-a-d tagnit i wakken ad\nnwali tagnut akked yiferna n wullis n yal uneggal.\nMa nual er yiswi-nne i neba ad nawwe seg tazrawt-agi i nexddem d\n- D assebgen n tira tamaynut d lebni asiwlan n wungal aqbayli deg tallit-agi\ntamirant; Neba ad ner ma yella amsawal Brahim TZAART yessawe ad yerr\niferdisen n tsiwelt deg wungal-ines; Neba ad nebgen amek id yella uselu n\nyineruyen d tedyanin n wungal-a Inig Aneggaru ama deg wayen yenan\naric n tekayt ne aric n tsiwelt .\nas akken nemlal-d ugar n wuguren, lada ayen yerzan adlismu akked\numgired n tesnimert i yesseqdec yal ameray deg teri n tsensiwelt. Deg turinne i yidlisen-agi n tefransist ne n tarabt, nxeddem yal abrid tasuqilt er\nteqbaylit. Di tsuqilt-agi nufa-d aas n wuguren, imi tuget n wawalen si tenfaliyin\nn tefransist ne n tarabt ur sin ara inumak s teqbaylit, ur ten-id-nettaf ara ula\ndeg yimawalen n tmazit. Nemmuger-d dien uguren di tezrawt-agi-nne,\ntea-d akken tewer, acku ur uqten ara yidlisen i d-yewwin ef tezrawt-agi n\nTasekla d wungal\nIxef amenzu: Tsekla d wungal\nUqbel ad d-nemmeslay ef wungal, yessefk di tazwara ad neg amgired gar\ntsekla taqburt d tsekla tamirant. Zik, tasekla tedder di timawit, tamusni taseklant\nwa yeqqar-itt i wa, s yimi er tmezzut. Di lqern wis 19, timawit ur teqqim ara d\ntaerfit imi tettwasseqdec ula d tira, di tmusni taseklant (amedya n Boulifa). Di\nlqern wis ecrin (20), seg tama tlul-d tsekla s tira (littrature crite), si tama\nnnien, tasekla timawit yellan d taerfit tual tetteddu s wallalen itraren, teqqel\nd ayen iwumi nessawal ass-a Oralit mdiatise. Ihi, amgired gar tsekla taqdimt\nd tsekla tamirant d wa: tasekla taqburt tedder di timawit taerfit, ma yella d\ntasekla tamirant ur-s sin wudmawen: d timawit (tamawant/orale) ne tettwaru\nTis snat, gar tewsatin tiseklanin (les genres littraires) tesseqdac tsekla\ntamirant d ungal, imi ungal yufrar-d ef tewsatin nnien. Ihi deg uric-a amenzu\nnare ad d-nawi awal ef umezruy d tlalit n wungal di tsekla, ama di tsekla\ntagralant, ama di tin n taqbaylit, tabadut-ines, asissen n wungal n tezrewt-nne,\nawal ef tmeddurt n umaru Brahim TAZAART d wegzul i wungal-a Inig\n1. Amezruy n wungal di tsekla\n1.1. Ungal di tsekla tagralant\nUngal iedda-d seg timawit er tira, asnulfu-is icudd er tira, ur yual ara d\nagralan almi d tazwara n lqern wis 13, ungal si tallit er taye yemgared deg\nusuffe-is, akked d yisental-is. Ibend i tikelt tamenzut di tama tagralant di\nAMEZIANE, (A.), Asseqdec n tsekla taqburt deg ungal I d wass n Amer MEZDAD, sur http://www.\ntamazgha.fr, consult le 18/03/2013 10h30.\nlEspagne akked d lItalie; yufrar-d s waas n lenaf gar-asen: Ungal aulfan, i\nd-ibanen deg useggas n 1607, enf-agi yena afrayen n tayri, am wungal\nFleuve n Honore dUrfe. Iefr-it-id wungal n tesa i d-yefen seg useggas n\n1651 alama d aseggas n 1657, enf-agi yerra-d udem n tilawt s tesa d\nYennerna di lqern wis 18, tallit-agi d tin iwumi semman Tallit n tafat,\ndeg-s yerra-d wungal tafrara deg tira d usnulfu n lenaf nnien, am wungal\nEpistolaire, i deg i d-iban wungal n Hoderlos de laclos, isemma-s Les Liaisons\nDangereuses, i d-yefen deg ussegas n 1782.\nTalalit tamenzut n wungal di tsekla, am wakken i d-yenna Reuter (Y.) deg\nudlis-ines : Ungal d adlis yettwarun di tesrit s tefransist, tulmisin-ines ur dbanent ara armi d tasekla tatrart .(2)\nTamhazt n tsekla s umata, di tallit talemmast s wayen i d-iwwin\nyinagmayen d yimyura deg tutlayt n yidlisen, i wakken ad as-fken azal er\nyimeri, d wayen i d-rnan d amaynut seg lqern wis 19. Wigi kra n yimyura i\nyuran ef waas n temsal yenan timetti d umezruy, s tutlayt n tefransist: Balzak\n(1836), Victor Hugo (1878), Emil Zola (3).\nAnnect-a dien yegla-d s tewsatin nnien timaynutin deg tsekla am:\nwungal, tullisin, amezgun d tmedyazt yettwarun. Seg tsekla tafransist, aas i\nyessawen ad d-fken tibuda-nsen i tewsit-agi n wungal, gar-asen amaru\nRaimond (M.) deg udlis i wumi isemma Le roman yenna-d belli: Ungal d\ntaqsit yettwarun, bab-is yettwellih amdan mi iselle iricen n tekayt, d uglam\ndi tmeddurt n yimdanen d tnefsit-nsen akked kra n tawsiwin i cudden er-sen.\nHttp:// www.Etudes-littraires/ histoire-roman. Consult le 14/03/2013 18h30.\nREUTER. (Y.), Introduction lanalyse dun roman, Armand Colin, 2 Ed, Paris, 2006. Il sagit duvre\ncrite, en prose et en franaisPourtant ces caractristiques nont merg que progressivement P 06.\nHttp:// www.Etudes-littraires/ histoire-roman, Consult le 14/03/2013 14h.\nYerna yenna-d amezruy n wungal iedda-d seg timawit er tira, deg lqern wis\n17, anda beddlent twuriwin-ines akked wayen i d-as-rnan am tesnilest, leqdic n\nyierbazen d tsertit (1).\nDeg yidlisen yettwarun s tutlayt n tarabt ad naf anagmay Mustafa Aawi\ndi tketabt-ines ef tsekla n umaal deg ixef wis sin (taqsit, ungal, takayt), di\nenf-agi n wungal yenna-d: Ungal yesa tlata n tegnatin, tazwara d ugur, tis\nsnat d taluf ne takerrist, taggara d tifrat n wugur (2).\nAmezruy n wungal di tsekla taqbaylit d win i d-yewwin ef waas n temsal,\ninaggalen myefaren di tira-nsen, uran ef tutlayt, tamagit, d tudert n wemdan\naqbayli di tmetti-s. Tira-agi tuz aas n lenaf n tsekla am: tullisin, timezgunin, d\nungalen, enf-agi n wungal iban-d s snat tenfaliyin:\n1.2.1. Ungal aqbayli s tenfalit tefransist\nD ungal i d-ibanen di tallit n umnekcam arumi, d tin it-ettem tlalit-is\nakken ad sutren yis-s yimyura n tallit-a timsal yurzen er tudert d tlelli n tmurt.\nGar wid i efren abrid-agi ad naf:\nD amaru aqbayli, azzayri, d amaru s wazal-is yura s tefransist, yera er\nyiselmaden irumiyen di tallit n temhersa, tira-ines tamezwarut tban-d deg\nuseggas n 1934, yessuffe-d ungal iwumi isemma Le fils du pauvre deg\nuseggas n 1950. D ungal ameddurman, yettmeslay-d ef tudert n umaru, d\nwayen yedder di tmetti taqbaylit. Ikemmel issuffe-d ungal wis sin isemma-s\nLa terre et le sang deg useggas n 1953, ungal nnien Les chemains qui\nRAIMOND, (M.), Le roman, 2 Ed, Armand Colin, 2005, Paris, PP 13-38.\n"2000 ( - ) 3 .( 2\n.10 " :\nmontent. Ungalen-a s umata xas akka ttwarun s tutlayt n tefransist maca\ntektiwin iten-yezdin ttmeslayen-d ef tmetti taqbaylit d liala n tmurt ilmend n\nDaen d amaru aqbayli, azzayri, yettaru s tefransist, yera er yiselmaden\niumiyen di tallit n temhersa, yura ungalen i d-yettmeslayen ef tmazit akked\ntmetti taqbaylit. Ungal amenzu isemma-s La colone oublier deg useggas n\n1952, kra iseggasen deffir-s 1955, issuffe-d ungal le sommiel du juste, rnu\ner-s ungalen nnien (2).\ner tama n Feraoun d Mammeri, yella umaru Kateb Yacine i yerfden asalu\nn tira s tefransist ef tutlayt d yidles amazi, as iac d waraben maca tektiwinines nant timetti taqbaylit d tzzayrit, deg useggas n 1950 yebda tira n wungal-is\nNema yessuffe-it-id deg useggas n 1956. Amaru-agi yella gar wid yekkaten\nef tmazit iwakken ad tidir, yessuffe-d dien ungal nnien isemma-s Le\npolugone toil di 1966 (3).\nD tamarut taqbaylit, tura s tutlayt n tefransist, maca ayen i ef tettmeslay\ndeg ungalen-ines icudd er tmazit, tessuffe-d ungal amenzu tsemma-s\nJacinthe noiredeg 1749, terna-d waye di 1969 tsemma-s Rue des\nHADDADOU, (M.A.), Introduction la littrature berbre, suivi dune introduction la littrature kabyle, Ed\nles Oliviers, 2009, PP 26-27.\nHADDADOU, (M.A.), Op cit, P 28.\nIdem, P 32.\nIbidem, PP 30-31.\nSeg tama n wungalen yettwarun s tefransist ef tmazit, yella-d usuqqel n\nwungalen-agi seg tefransist er tmazit, ad nebder gar-asen:\n- Le fils du pauvre isuqqel-it-id Moussa Ait Taleb, deg useggas n 2004.\n- la colone oublier isuqqel-it-id Abd Elrrehman Bouguermouh.\n1.2.2. Ungal aqbayli s tenfalit taqbaylit\nAmezruy n wungal yuran s teqbaylit yu aar deg yiseggasen n 1940, mi\nakken yura Belid At li aris-ines "Lwali n wedrar", i d-jemen yimraben\niumiyen deg useggas n 1964 (amaru yewwe lefu n Rebbi uqbel mi ara dyeffe uris-a), deg udlis i wumi fkan isem Les cahier de Belaid ou de kabylie\ndantan. er Muand Akli Sali d mer Ameyan d Said Cemmax, d wa i d\nungal amenzu yuran s teqbaylit imi aris-agi yewwi-d ef limarat n wungal (1).\nAas n yimyura ama d igralaniyen ne d izzayriyen wwin-d di tira-nsen\nef tewsatin n tsekla taqbaylit, anda aren ad ggen tamawt i tewsit-a taneggalt\nlada tallit n temharsa am Genevois Henri, Martinet, Dallet Jean Marie, Adolf\nHanoteau... atg. Seg tama ad naf Camilla Lacoste Dujardin temmeslay-d ef\ntsekla taqbaylit belli d tagejdant n timawit, imi tamensayt-a timawit tesseqdec\nassenfar n tira deg wayen i d-glant n tamawt, di lewhi-s timawit d tanfalit ur\nnettwaru ara maca tatrart tettwaru tettwaffe-d s tala-agi n wungal (2).\nLada di tewsit-a tamaynut i d-ibanen, amaru Boyer (A.M.) yenna-d deg\nwawal-is: Ungal gar tewsatin tineggura i d-ilulen di tsekla taqbaylit. as ma\nSAADI, (N.), Lexpression de lidentit dans le roman Tafrara de Salem Zenia , mmoire de Magister, 2009,\nuniversit Tizi-Ouzou, P 153.\nLACOSTE, (D.), Discours sociale et contexte de production, passage de loralit lcrit, Ed LAOB, 1979, P\nyella yedda-d yakkan deg wansay aseklan aqbayli,\nmaca s wudem nnien\nyettili-d deg-s wallus, ama s tala n tmucuha d tumgisin(1).\nDaen s ur inagmayen d yimyura imazien i yeswesen annar n unadi ef\ntewsit-agi n wungal, gar-asen Mouloud Mammeri i d-yemmeslan s telqayt ef\nuric n tmedyazt taqbaylit ambed aseggas n 1871 yenna-d: Asnulfu udyiz di\ntmetti tamensayt yessaxdem aas n yimeskaren d tewsatin timensayin i d-yeddan\ns tenfalit-a tamaynut, s tenfalit n tsiwelt (2).\neddan acal d isuggasen seg wasmi i d-yeffe Lwali n udrar, annar n\nwungal yuran s teqbaylit yeqqim d asuki armi d aseggas n 1981 i deg id dyessuffe Racid ellic ungal-ines amezwaru, Asfel, aris-agi, efren-t-id sin\nwungalen nnien id d-yeffen deg yiseggasen n 1983, amezwaru d ungal n Said\nSadi isemma-s Askuti yeffe-d deg tazwara d iricen seg tesunt Tafsut. Ma\nd wis sin, d Faffa d Racid ellic it-yuran daen. Deg yiseggasen n 1990, d\nazrar n wungalen i d-yeffen, mai d yiwet ne d snat n temsal i ef i d-wwin,\nef tmagit, tayri, tallit n temharsa, timetti taqbaylit, ansayen d lewayed,\nImi ungalen-agi s umata cerken-d yiwet n tallit akked tedyanin yuen\ntamurt n leqbayel, Dehbiya ebrus tere di tezrewt-ines ad d-teqqen gar-asen.\nas ulama ayen akken yeran di tmurt n leqbayel yesa afus deg tallit n wungal,\nnettat tettwali d akken tilawt tugar aya-agi. Ungal yuran s teqbaylit ur i d-ilul ara\nseg ulac, mi akken id d-ffen wungalen imezwura, tasekla taqbaylit tella tettidir\nimiren yiwet n tallit ideg i d-tezger i tqenert yettawin gar timawit d tira. Deg\nuzrug-agi, seg tsekla timawit er tsekla yuran, yu lal ddeqs n yirisen i dibanen, amezwaru d adlis n Boulifa La mthode de langue kabyle, i d(1)\nBOYER, (A.M.), Elment de littrature compare, Forme et genres, Hachette Livre. 1996, Un genre tardif, le\ndernier des genres natre. P 57.\nMAMMERI, (M.), Pome kabyles anciens , Ed Maspero, Paris, 1980, P 12. La production potique a t en gros\nlapplication des facteurs et des genres anciens aux expriences nouvelles, sapplique galement la production narrative\nAMEZIANE, (A.), Les formes littraires traditionnelles dans le roman kabyle : du genre au procd, in Actes\ndu colloque La littrature amazighe, oralit & criture, spcificits & perspectives, IRCAM, Rabat, 2005.\nyeffen deg useggas n 1913, wis sin yena irisen i yura Belid At li ama d\ntimucuha, ama d tulisin, ama d ungal (mi akken i d-ffen yirisen, ur d-banen\nara lenaf-agi akken iwata). Deg yiseggasen n 1970, tebda tettifrir-d tmedyazt\nyuran, lulent-d tecqufin n umezgun sya usya, gar-asent iban-d wungal yuran s\nRnu er-s irisen n wungal wwin-d tektiwin timaynutin, fkan-d udem\nnnien ef tsekla taqbaylit, ffen si enf n tmacahut, yerna wwin-d tiawsiwin\ntijdidin: am temsalt n tasnimant n yiwudam*. Acu kan, imeskaren ur seren\nara lxi d tsekla taqburt. Yella wanda i d-ttualent timsal n tensayit deg\nwungalen amedya n wungal I d wass n Amer Mezdad (2).\nUngal s umata d aris ezzifen, yettawi-d ef wayen yellan di tmetti, akken\ni d-nenna di tazwara d tawsit tagejdant n tesrit, aya-agi d ayen i d-nufa di\ntbadutin Muend Akli Sali deg wawal-is: Ungal d tawsit n tsekla temxalaf ef\ntullist, yettili-d deg-s aas n weglam, iwenniten d yiwudam (3).\nMa nessegza-d ayen id d-nnena ef tenfalit n wungal di tsekla taqbayilt ad\nyili s wakka la sab n tfelwit-a yellan ddaw: (4)\nTawsit n ungal\nUngal aqbayli s tenfalit n\nSAADI, (N.), Op.cit, PP 154-155.\nSALHI, (M.A.), Petit dictionnaire de littrature, Ed lOdysse, Alger, 2012, P 71.\ndu colloque La littrature amazighe, oralit & criture, spcificits & perspectives, IRCAM, Rabat, 2005, P 66.\n2. Tudert n umaru Brahim TAZAART\nBrahim TAZAART d amaru s tutlayt n tmazit, ilul ass n 15 yebrir 1966\ndi temnat n Bgayet, aswir-ines amenzu d ulemmas n unelmad yera-t di\ntezmalt, ma yella d tesnawit deg Uqbu (Debbi Crif), anda i yeual d aselmad\nurmid deg umusu amazi. Deg useggas n 1987 ixdem deg wammas n usile\nadeblan am waken i yettiki deg usuffe n tesunt i yettwarun d kra n tutlayin\nRivages i d-itt-wazergen s ur tadukla n uxxam n yidles n tezmalt, syin akin\nikcem er yiwet n terbat n umezgun qqaren-as Tarwa n Ssumam.\nMa yella deg useggas n 1989 yella d aselway n umsekrired n temsizelt n\ntmedyazt n (MCB), netta akked Said xellil, Sadeq Aqur, Nadir Jarmum, Naer\nerban. Di 20 yebrir heggan-d yiwet n tmara, maca ur teffi ara akken ban,\nmaca s yisem n tdukla Tazarrat, ma yella deg useggas n1991 ixdem d\nadamsan deg tesmawit n tmezrit, aseggas n 1994 yual d aselway ef unagraw n\ntesmilin tielnawin n MCB anda i d-qeden ay-nsen d akken ad yili ( Le\nBrahim TAZAART deg useggas n 1995 yekka deg usarag aelnaw n\nMCB/CN i yeran deg uxxam n Mulud Memmri, Tizi-Ouzou, asarag-a ur\nyessawe ara ad yefk rrabul n umussu, Brahim TAZAART yea tiskiwin n\nusarag n MCB yual er tira, deg useggas n 1997, yeffe-d seg tesnawit n\ntmerit, ,a yella deg useggas n 1998 issuffe-d tumutt deg umis n Le matin\nazwel-is (MCB, lpreuve de llection prsidentielle), anda id d-yenna\nTamazit d tutlayt taelnawt, tunsibt n lezzayer.(1)\nAyen yenan aric n tira, adlis amenzu yura Brahim TAZAART d amud n\ntullizin tid i wumi isemma Lerrat 2003, yesa dien amud isefra isemmaasen Akkin i tira 2006, dien yella yettaru i yimisen ef tmuliwin-ines i kra\nHttp:// www.transcript-review.org/fr, consult le 14/03/2013 14h.\nn temsal, am waken nera tullisin-ines llant deg yidlisen n tmazit n yinelmaden\nierbazen n tmurt-nne. Ma yella deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura yessuffe-d di 20\nyebrir 2004 ungal-ines amenzu i wumi isemma Salas d Nuja, maca yeeb\nimusnawen n waric-agi n tira, da ef waya yettunefk-as warraz deg tfaska\ntaelnawt n udlis i d-ierrun myal aseggas di tmanat n tmurt-nne (1).\nDi 2005 yeer yiwet n la foire n yidlisen n tmazit i d-itt-wasudsen s ur\nHCA deg useggas-nni, netta, Muend At Iil, Kamel Bumara, Jamel Ixlufi,\nxedmen-d amazday n yimyura imazien (CALA), di Magu 2006 yettekki i tikelt\ntis kra deg la foire n yidlisen n tmazit deg Wahran, di Yunyu 2006 dien\nyettekki deg tfaska n tmedyazt deg lezzayer tajmilt i Jamal amrani, ma yella\ndeg useggas-agi n 2012 rnant-d tezrigin n tira ungal nnien i d-yessuffe\nisemma-as Inig Aneggaru.\n3. Awal ef ungal Inig Aneggaru\nUngal Inig Aneggaru gar wungalen ineggura i d-yeffen s teqbaylit,\nyesa mitin utmanya usebin n yisebtar (278), yeba-t Brahim TAZAART ef\nxemsa (05) yiricen:\n- Aric amenzu: Anafag ebban Raman (07sb-24sb)\n- Aric wis sin: Timlilit (25 sb -84 sb)\n- Aric wis tlata: Tiersi (85 sb -172 sb)\n- Aric wis reba: Gar yiberdan (173 sb -210 sb)\n- Aric wis xemsa: Gar rwa d tualin (211 sb -277 sb)\nBALOULI, (F.), amagrad ef Salas d Nuja, Tamazit tura No 05, Ed HCA, Alger, 2010, P 37.\n4. Agzul n wungal\nTiziri d tameut n Mehdi teffe-asen-d l Visa, ruen er unafag ebban\nReman iwakken ad unagen er tmurt n Fransa. Tinigt d tirga, d asirem n Tziri,\naas i tera iwakken ahat ad d-yas wass ideg ara tbeddel fell-as teswit, ad\ntawwe er lmerub-ines, wa ad tidir tudert n zzehu d lez.\nZzwa n Tziri d Mahdi ur d-yelli ara s lebi n wul, imi Tiziri yezga\nttaxmim-ines ef wayen nnien d ayen ur yezmir Mehdi ad tt-yefhem deg-s.\nMehdi d Tziri uqbel timlilit-nsen llan d iseddawiyen. Mehdi yella yessen Nayla\nd tamdakkel-is di tseddawit n Setif d tarabt, tezga ikccem-itt wugur d akken\nimawlan n Mehdi ur qeblen ara ad illi zzwa-a gar-asen (tamsalt n nnesba gar\nleqbayel d waraben). Lamena yal tikelt yeqqar-as edd ur yezmir ad ibedd\nMaysa d tasdawant, d tamdakelt n Tziri, tetteki di tdukla n tlawin, mlalent i\ntikelt tamenzut di teflist n Ticci, akken kan is-eddant ussan n umaris, Tiziri tufa\niman-is akked Maysa, tekka-as-d ef wayen itt-icuben,ef asmi tella di\ntsennawit, asmi yebda wul-is yettissin lbanat d yiulfan n tudert. Di tesnawit\ntessen Yuba tezdi-ten tayri, kecmen tasddawit, almi d aseggas aneggaru iqqesd Yuba ababat n Tziri Si Sliman abugau i nessba.\nTiziri tkemmel tekkud i Maysa ef wasmi yugi baba-s nnesba n Yuba,\nas akken yella d mmi-s umdakkul-is Meyan ziz fell-as, maca yugi nnesba-agi\nacku tawacult n Si Sliman d imraben. Yuba d agujil n ubabat, yettidir d\nyemma-as ela er xwal-is.\nSi Sliman d abugau n taddart, yedder tallit n tegrawla, aas n latab i\nyesedda, asmi yella d ilemi ihemmel ela yell-is n Dda Qiqi, akken i d-kkren\ndeg yiwet n taddart, asmi tggu twacult n ela, msefraqen.\nTiziri ur tumin ad yeru waya, baba-s ad yagi nesba n Yuba, yezen wul-is,\nteqqar-as i Maysa abrid-a i d-efre mai d nekk i tamenzut, aas n tlawin\niacen aya uqbel-iw, rray yettual er uqqeru n uxxam, wama tameut ur tesi\nazref ad textar ne ad tawe er wayen teba, d tagi i d timetti taqbaylit.\nTaluft-a n zzwa gar Tziri d Yuba tuqqel d ugur ameqqran, ur as-d-ufin\ntifrat, Si Sliman yeef deg wawal-is ala nnesba-agi ur nettili ara, as akken\nzizet fell-as yelli-s lemmer yettaf ad as-yefk ula d u-is. Salas gma-s n Tziri\nwin yellan di Fransa, imi i yesla swayen yeran, yemmesla d baba-s, yere\namek ad tiqne belli zzman ibeddel, zik d lenaya n yimraben i teddun, ma\nyella tura timetti tezdi-tt dduwla, leqwani, d tezmert n tedemt. Si Sliman deg\nul-is yesa belli ammer d tamsalt n lewayed d wansayen n lejdud tili ad tenyeez, lamena tamsalt d ayen nnien.\nDeg useggas ideg ifak Yuba leqraya-ines teffe-as-d Lvisa dtudes er\ntmurt n Fransa, uqbel ad iu yemlal-d tziri, meren, mahaden tayri iten-yezdin\nad tkemmel er zdat wa ur itettu wa. Tiziri yezen wul-is mi tesla s rrwa n\nYuba, yea-tt-id deg wafrasen. Ula d yemma-s n Yuba ela tezen ef lefraq\nn mm-is awid ur tesi waye deffir-s.\nYuba ihi di Fransa. Asmi zrin kra n yiseggasen, Yuba yeqqel d aqemqum,\naxeddim, aurdi, lehna d zehhu di temdint n l Paris, xas akka ussan-is imenza\nisedda-ten berriket, maca yual yeffe er litte. Mi i d-yewwe er tmurt\nyerna icegge xal-is Belqasem er Si Sliman, lamer ahat ad iger udem i xal-is\nimi yella gar yemdukal n Si Sliman. Dda Belqasem yere ad yessemlil gar-asen\nlamena aya-agi d ayen ur d-nelli ara.\nYuba yual er Fransa, yeqse Dda Yidir at Muqran i yellan d amdakkul n\nBelqasem akked Si Sliman yettidir di Yam di tmurt n Fransa, immesla-as ef\nwassa-is d Tziri, yekker yenna-as: ru ad tnai taye, Tiziri ur ak-id-tettsa,\nacimi, amek, D acu d ssebba? Ur ttnadi ad tfehme.(1) Yuba yewhem acimi i\nd-as-yenna imeslayen-agi. Acku dda Yidir yera taqsit yeran gar Sliman d\nela, imi yiwet n tikkelt iru Sliman ad yesseqsi ef umdakkul-is Meyan deg\nuxxam-is, tmugrit-id ela tenna-as: Meyan ullac-it, ....Kcem-d ad teswe\nlqehwa, ni d aberrani i telli(2). Yera-d ayen yeran gar-asen, seg tama d\ntallalit n yiulfan i tikkelt nnien, seg tama d Meyan ur nseu ara dderya\nyezga yessarem ad yesu win ara ixelfen aar-is.\nAsirem n Yuba mazal-it, azekka-nni yessawel-d i yemma-s, immesla-s ef\nzzwa-is, tefra, teslilew ur tumin mmi-s awid yewwe d argaz, tura ad\niemmer wexxam-is. Testeqsa-t d anta-tt, yenna-as d yellis n Sliman At Senus,\ntserra i tilifun tali, tuen teqqim sin wussan deg ussu ur tekkir, wis tlata\ntemmu-t, uqbel ad temmet temmesla d Muend gma-s, tweat ef Yuba, terna\ntesirem ad d-yelli zzwa-a gar-asen, acku d atmaten a yellan.\nYuba ambed lmut n yemma-s, ibeddel tikli yual yessen Inas, yezzwe\nyid-s san sin warrac, acen deg Fransa, ma yella d Tiziri tessen Mehdi i yellan\nd amejjay, tezzwa yid-s mebla lebi, imi Yuba yezga ul-is yual-as inig er\nFransa d asirem, d targit-ines.\nMehdi yezga yettmeslay d yiman-is amer teba ad tecrek ddunit yid-is tili\nad tili anda yella fiel ma tunag, yerna netta yeba ad yidir di tmurt-is, asmi\nyesla s lamala-ines i Yuba yellan di Fransa, yewwi-as-d l visa, mi i d-yewwe\nlawan n lmerwa yenna-as: D lawan ad true, kker, adder it-tettu(3).\nTerkeb Tziri tamsrifegt tru er tmurt n Fransa maca di temsrifegt yera-d\nuxssar, rekben ula d irebraben i d-yeglan s lmuta n yimnigeyen, asmi i d-wwen\nqrib er Marseille yeneq yiwen n urebrab yenna-as ad nual er tmurt n\nTAZAART, (B.), Inig Aneggaru, Ed tira, Alger, 2012, P156.\nTAZAART, (B.), Op cit, PP 169-170.\nlezzayer, Tiziri ur tebi ara aya imi tere ad ters seg temsrifegt yena-tt\nurebrab. Ma yella d Mahdi di lawan ideg terkeb Tziri, yemlal-d Nayla deg\nunafag, da akken ikemlen tudert-nsen d lwaid.\nS umata d wigi i d iferdisen i d-yeddan deg ixef-a amenzu, ama d ayen\nyenan amezruy n wungal di tsekla tagralant d teqbaylit, ama d asissen n\nwungal d unaggal, nfak-it-id s wegzul.\nIxef wis sin\nTimiranin n tiri d tesnarrayt\nIxef wis sin: Timiranin n tiri\nAnadi usnan n yinagmayen izzayriyen deg unnar n tiri ur ugtent ara,\nbexlaf kra n tezrawin n yimnuda n tkatut n lmagister ne n Doctorat, yerna drus\nmai id d-yessazergen tizrawin-nsen d yidlisen. ef waya ad d-nefren yiwen n\nwedlis kan i d-yettewessuzergen, i d-yewwin awal usrid ef yinumak d tbadutin\nn kra n tmiranin icudden er tsekla, d adlis id d-yessuffe Muend Akli Sali\ndi tezrawt-ines ef tsekla. Seg tama nnien, iwakken ad nessebggen s lberz\ntimuliwin d tikta yettwarun ef timiranin-agi n tiri nefren-d dien s waas\nidlisen n yinagmayen igralaniyen i d-yewwin ef enf-agi n tsekla am:\nVladimir Propp, Gerard Genette, Algirdas Julien Greimas, Tzvitan Todorov,\nReuter Yves, Adam Jean Michel, Raimond Michel atg. Akken ma llan eren\nad ssazergen di tira-nsen kra n tiriwin ef tussna n tsensiwelt d yiferdisen-ines.\nUqbel ad d-nawi awal ef tmiranin-a tiseklanin, issefk di tazwara ad\nnesbadu d acu i d tiri n tsekla? Di lewhi n Sali Muend Akli d ayen akk i dyessefhamen d acu i d tasekla, d yal asmeren ef wayen yettwasaben d\ntasekla, asmeren-a yettili ama ef twuri n tsekla (i wacu-ten yerisen-a?), ama\nef tessa n yirisen (Amek ttwabnan? ), tettili tiri d tawurant mi ara tessegzi\nazal n umaru di tmetti, dien mi ara tesle assaen yellan gar tmetti akk d tsekla,\ndien mi ara tezrew amiq n tikta (tifelsafiyin, tisnektiyin) di tsekla, tettili teri\nd taessant mi ara tele iferisen i d-yeslalayen irisen n tsekla(1), ayen yezdin\ninnawen n tussna, am tussna-agi n tsensiwelt.\nS umata yal tiri amek tettwali ullis, gar teriwin-a ad naf tiri tasimyutikit,\ntasimyulugit , tasnilsant, tasentlant, tiri tasensiwelt, taneggarut-a tettnadi deg\nuris aseklan ef waas n yiferdisen n tsiwelt (iwudam, adeg, akud), seg tama(1)\nSALHI, (M.A), Petit dictionnaire de littrature, Ed Lodysse, 2012, Tizi-Ouzou, P 70.\nnne ad nare ad nezrew deg ixef-a ullis s tiri tasensiwelt, wa ad nefk\ntibadutin yemgarden di tira n yinagmayen d yiricen icudden er-sent.\nD tussna n tsiwelt, d tazrewt ef yiferisen i d-yettaken aris n tsiwelt s\ntimmad-is, am umsawal d tewsatin-ines, am tkerrist d wakudatg. Tban-d\ntamirant-agi n tsiwelt di tlemmast n lqern wis ecrin (20), ma yella d awal i dyemmalen tazrewt-a yesnulfa-t-id Tzvitan Todorov deg yiseggasen n 60\ntamirant iwumi yefka Todorov anamek-a: Tasensiwelt d tussna n wullis (2).\nTasensiwelt* s unamek nnien i d-yeddan di kra n tbadutin, d tazrewt i\nweris asiwlan s tmuli tagejdant (vise principale) ef wallus n tekayt, ef\ntessa d leqwani i ef yettwabna wullis, aya yettili-d ama s tmuli tasentlant\nyenan (agbur ne tala n tsiwelt), s lmena nnien, d taslet ef wamek i yellaq\nad nesken leqwaleb n takayt. Tasetta* tamenzut n tsensiwelt tella-d s waas ef\ntkerrist tasiwlant akked unamek n wamag*, ma yella di taggara-agi tisetta akk i\nd-ibanen ttawin-t-id ef tenfalit n wullis alada ayen yenan ugur n tagnit n\nDeg udlis n Reuter.Y iwumi isemma Lanalyse du rcit, yemmesla-d s\ntelqayt ef unekmar asensiwlan*, imi di lewhi-s d tussna yenan imenzayen\n(principes) igejdanen n wesle agensay deg wullis (4).\nSALHI (M.A.), Op cit, P 60.\nSCHAEFFER, (J.M.), La narratologie in nouveau dictionnaire encyclopdique des sciences de la langue, Ed\nSeuil, 1999, Paris, P 228. La science du rcit.\nHttp: //www.Fabula.org, quelque deffenitions, consult le 14/03/2013 9h30. Narratologie tude de textes\nnarratifs (cest--dire : dont la vise principale est de raconter une histoire, et dont la structure obit aux lois du rcit) que\ncela soit dans une optique thmatique (question des contenus narratifs) ou formelle, cest--dire une analyse du mode de\nreprsentation de lhistoire qui implique alors une prise en compte de la spcificit du mdium. La premire branche de la\nnarratologie repose en grande partie sur la conception dune squence narrative minimale (elle-mme discuter) et sur\nla notion dactant, alors que la seconde, axe sur lexpression, porte son intrt sur le problme de linstance nonciative .\nREUTER, (Y), Lanalyse de rcit, 2 Edition, Armand Colin, 2005, France, P 09. Les principes essentiels de\nlanalyse interne des rcits .\nMa yella di tezrewt n Louis Hbert ef tarrayt n telet taseklant yesbadud: Tasensiwelt tefka azal i tessa n tekayt yettwalsen deg uris, s tessa-nni n\nwullis, s unamek nnien, s tsiwelt-nni i d-yettakken takayt mi ara myekcament\nsnat n tassiwin-agi war gar-asent, takayt tettban-d am uzrar yeuren d\nyineruyen d taggayin, imi gar-asen i d-yettili usiwe n wullis, tasensiwelt tefka\nazal alada er umsawal, tugna* i deg i d-ttwales takayt i wumsiwal* (1).\nMaca tasensiwelt ur tezzerew ara iferdisen i yiman-nsen, tzerrew assa-nni\ni d-yettbegginen seg yirisen-nni yakan, assa-a yeggar aris deg tsekla n\nDi lewhi n umaru Gerard Genette, tasensiwelt d adewweni ef wullis,\nlmena-s d ayen i er teawe tezrewt ara yettwaxedmen ef tsiwelt, d wayen i\nd-yeddan deg-s n taliwin (3).\nS umata tasensiwalt d tussna i yezerwen tifukkas d teskiwin icudden er\nweric n tsiwelt deg yirisen n tsekla ne deg taliwin nnien yurzen er wullis.\n1.2.Tarda* n tsensiwelt\nYekkat umdan ad d-isefhem d acu i d tasekla seg wasmi i yebda yesnulfuyitt-id, imi tiriwin deg unnar aseklan, tamenzut deg-sent akk i ef i d-yecfa\numezruy di ddunit, yefka-tt-id ufaylasuf Aristote (uqbel talalit n Sidna issa), di\ntazwara, yella bab n tiri yettnadi kan ad yefk iberdan ara yefer umesnulfuy\ndeg usnulfuy-ines, ef waya-agi timuliwin tirayanin timenza ef tiri d\nHEBERT, (L.), http://www.signosemio.com/documents/mthodologie analyse-litteraire, pdf, Universit du\nQubec Rimouski (Canada), 09/02/2013, P 43. La narratologie sintresse la structure de lhistoire narre dans les\ntextes, la structure du rcit, cest--dire de la narration qui est faite de lhistoire, et aux interactions dynamiques entre\nces deux structures. Lhistoire est entendue comme lenchanement logique et chronologique des tats et processus\n(actions). Puisque cest entre eux que se fait la transmission du rcit, la narratologie sintresse en particulier au narrateur,\nlinstance qui raconte lhistoire, au narrataire, linstance qui lhistoire est raconte .\nSeuil, 1999, Paris, P 232.\nHttp//: www.narratologie.com, consult le 14/03/2013 9h. La narratologie cest un discours du rcit , cest-dire le rsultat raisonn dun travail dabstraction au cours duquel on aura dgag.\ntiriwin timesluganin. Yeqqim enf-agi armi d lqern wis 18, syin akkin bdant\nad ttnulfuyent aas n teriwin tigelmanin (1). Am tiri-agi n tsensiwelt i yualen d\ntussna wessien deg unnar n teriwin n tsekla.\nDeg tazwara, Platon d Aristote i d-yewwin ef wullis alada deg mi i d-gan\ntanmegla gar sin n yiricen deg tewsatin n tsekla i yellan deg tallit n teglest\n(mimesis- digsis), as akken llan wid i yeggan tizrawin ef wullis, lamana\nalmi d tazwara n lqern wis XX i d-as-rran azal, banent-d aas n tmuliwin\ntirayanin n tsensiwelt (2).\nTimuhal* timenza yettwaxedmen ef tussna n tsensiwelt d tizrawin\ntiseklanin i d-ibanen ef yifassen n yimseliyen Irrusiyen* di lqern wis ecrin\n(20) d nutni itt-id-yesnulfan s unamek-ines atrar, di terbat-agi n yimseliyen\nllant tezrawin yexdem unagmay Victor Chklovski deg udlis yura isemma-s\nTiri n tsekla (3) d Boris Eichenbaum, abeda deg wayen yenan tasentlant* n\ntmucuha n Russe, s yin er da tual tmirant-agi tesa azal d ameqqran deg\nusmeren ef tsekla, ef-itt-id si Fransa armi d Lalman, Legliz d Marikan.\nTazrewt n Vladimir Propp i d-yessuffe d adlis isemma-s Morphologie du\nconte deg useggas n 1928 yu amkan s tahri di enf-agi, yettwassen i yis-s\nalada di tmurt n Fransa, eddan 30 n yiseggasen mi i d-yeffe wedlis-a yual d\nlsas i tezrawin i d-ibanen ambad, rnu er-s teri taessant n Claud lvi-Strauss,\nakked d Algirdas Julien Greimas di teslet-ines ef tmucuha yessuffe-d ayen\niwumi isemma Azenzi n yimesgan* (4).\nDi taggara n lqern wis XIX di tmurt n Lalman i deg nernan-t tezrawin ef\ntsiwelt alada seg tezrawin yexdem Franz Karl Stanzel d Kte Hamburger. Ma\nSALHI, (M.A) , Tiriwin n tsekla, timsirin tiseddawanin, 2012-2013, Bouira, P 01.\nSeuil, 1999, Paris, P 228.\nSALHI, (M.A.), Op Cit, P 02.\nHttp://www.narratologie.com, consult le 02/02/2013 9h30.\nyella di tmurt n Fransa tussna-agi tennerna s tuget di taggara n yiseggassen n\n1960 s tmentelt n yisskawanen (structuralisme), syin akkin deg 1969 yekker\nTzvetan Todorov, yessekcem tamirant-agi di tjerrumt n dcamron. Deg 1972\ner 1983 yufrar-d Grard Genette di tezrawin-ines ef tussna n tsensiwelt,\nyewwet amek ara issemgired gar tlata n temiranin (Histoire -Rcit- Narration),\niswi-s ad d-issebggen assa yellan gar-asent. Grard Genette yesbadu-d\ntimiranin tigejdanin n tsensiwelt yerna yessens (appliquer) akk tizrawi-ines ef\ntewsatin n tsekla ama d timucuha ne d ullisen s uxeddim-agi n tussna n\n1.3.Iferdisen n tsensiwelt\nAas n yinekmar (approche) d tarrayin yettnadin deg uric n tsensiwelt, i\nwakken ad d-segzin wa ad d-sbeggnen ayen yefren deg wullis am wakken id dyenna Reuter.Y: tasensiwelt d taslet n yiferdisen igensayen i yellan deg\nullisen(2). Llan inekmar inirriyen am: asnimetti, asnalsan, asniman..., ma yella d\nanekmar agenay tella teri n tsensiwelt i yettwaban s timad-is ef sin n\nyiricen: tasensiwelt tasentalt d taskarant.\n1.3.1. Tasensiwelt tasentlant*\nTzerrew ayen icudden kan er tekayt, tettwaba dien ef kra n leqwaleb:\na) Lqaleb asimyutiki asiwlan (smiotique narrative)\nTasimyutikit s umata d tiri tamatut ef lemani n yirisen, gar wid iefren\ntussna-agi ad naf Saussure, Peirce, Barthes, Greimas, Eco, Rastier..., er (C.S.)\nPeirce yenna-d: D tussna, tzerrew talilt n yinumak (signification) ef taulin n\nGENETTE, (G.), Frontire du rcit Communication No 8, Ed Seuil, 1981, PP 158-169.\nREUTER. (Y.), Op Cit, P 09. Les principes essentials de lanalyse interne des rcits.\nwussnan akked tsekla(1), am tault n timettisent* ne tiklisent*, tafelsuft,\nMa yella tasimyutikit tasiwlant* tzerrew anamek n tekayt, yerna takayt d\namsefer n tigawin i xeddmen yiwudam, di tazwara, isemyutikiyen i efren\nabrid-a di tezrawin-nsen ttwalin d akken amag (awadem) d aglam i wayen\nixeddem n tigawin d yineruyen, maca taggara-agi tettwabeddel tikli, tban-d\ntmuli tamaynut i wamag(2), aya-agi d ayen i d-yettwabegnen s telqayt deg yiwet\nn tmuli tamaynut i d-yesnulfa Greimas (A.J.) deg wayen yenan imesgan*,\namag di lewhi n Greimas imal-d tawuri ne tamlilt* n uwadem di takayt, mai\nlewayef-ines, amek yegga ne d acu ixeddem, rnu er-s awadem yezmer ad dyili d amdan, d aersiw, yezmer ad yili d tillawt ne d asugen, ne d ayen i dyesnulfa walla n wemdan am wazen, tteryel, amar azemni, talafsa..., ne d\niulfan am: tayri, tismin, lqer, lfer... Di tmuli n Greimas ayen akk i izemren\nad yefk tawuri, yezmer ad yesu lmana d unamek-ines di takayt (3).\nIhi, ma yella Greimas yeba azenzi-ines ef setta (06) n yimesgan\n(amsifa/ anermas, amgay/ taawsa, amalal/amnamar), ilmend n wassa yellan\ngar-asen, yettban-d ef lasab n unamek-nsen d akken amalal d umnamar mai\nd imesgan d aaen (les acteurs), isemma-asen imawnen*, yezmer ad iawen\namalal, ne ad iare amnamar amgay, ihi seg waya ad naf tiri n yimesgan n\ntakayt er Greimas trea ef tlata, amgay, amsifa d tawsa i unermas. S\numata d tawuri n uwadem i d-yettaken lmana-s. Ayen iwumi semman\nisemyutikiyen Anamek asimyutiki( 4).\nLe petit Larousse, Edition Entirement Nouvelle, Paris.1998, P 93. Etudes des pratiques signifiantes dans les\ndivers domains, scientifiques et littraires.\nCOURTES, (J.), Smiotique narrative et discursive, Hachette Suprieur, 1993, P 18\nSALHI, (M.A.), Op Cit, P 31.\nHttp:// www.narratologie.com, consult le 03/03/2013 14h.\nSeg tama nnien ad naf amaru Jean-Claude Coquet, deg udlis iwumi\nisemma La qute du sens, iawed-d ayen i d-yenna Greimas lamana s wudem\nnnien, imesgan (actants), yeba-ten ef tlata, amag amezwaru, amag alemmas\nd wamag wis tlata (prime actant, second actant et tire actant), d nutni i yettaran\nimesgan nnien di rrif, deg ubeddel n twuri d wassa d wugbur askaran\n(pouvoir, savoir, vouloir) i d-tettban tmerna tulmist n la smiotique (1).\nb) Lqaleb n usnazmul (modele smiologique)\nTasnazmulit d awal i d-yesnulfa Ferdinand Saussure i wakken ad\nyessefhem tussna n tesnilest di tallunt tamettit* ef lasab n tussna n yinumak,\nrnu er-s Roland Barthes gar yimnuda di enf-agi n tesnazmulit(2), s umata d\nteri n lemani dien, tzerrew tikli n uwadem imi yettunasab dima d\namesnulfuy n lemani, deg uric n tsiwelt tzerrew yiwen gar iferisen n takayt,\nam iwudam, akud, adeg..., s tawil n uzamul asnilsan i d-yettualen d azmul n\nc) Lqaleb smio-pragmatique\nIzerrew awadem effet de lecture d wayen i d-yessegray deg walla n wid\nDi lewhi n Vincent Jouve iwudam zemren ad banen ef tlata n lenaf\nyemgarden di turi n umsiwal i wullis: Awadem yezmer ad yili d tallalt n\numyeres*, ne d amsezlu (aqeddic/service) n usenfar ara yexdem umyaru deg\nungal-ines, yezmer ad yili dien d inelan* n wemdan, am wakken i yezmer ad\nyili di tfakult n uflali n usayes, i d-issereg wemssirew, s umata nezmer ad\nCOQUET, (J.C.), La qute du sens, le langage en question, chapitre Instances denonciation et modalits,\nEdition PUF, France, 1997, PP 154-155.\nHttp:// www.Fabula.org, consult le 03/03/2013 14h.\nHttp:// www.narratologie.com, 03/03/2013 14h.\nWikipedia, http:// Narratologie, consult le 07/03/ 2013 18h.\nnessegzen aya s tlata n turiwin-agi : asemdu anewrik (leffet-personnel),\nasemdu n umdan (leffet-personne), d usemdu n tfakult (leffet-prtexte) (1).\n1.3.2. Tasensiwelt taskarant (Modal)\nTzerrew s telqayt assaen yellan gar tekayt d tsiwelt, yerna ta temgarad\nef leqwaleb i d-nebder yakkan, nutni ttaran tamuli s waas er tala n uris,\nma yella d taneggaru-agi tettnadi deg ugbur-ines.\nS umata leqwaleb-agi akken ma llan, s wazal-nsen, yal yiwen deg-sen\nizerrew yiwet n tama seg tsensiwelt, ttaran tussna n tsensiwelt d tamerkanit,\nssihriwen akk iferdisen i d-iteddun deg-s d wayen akk zemren-t tezrawin n\nyimnuda d yinagmayen ad tt-id-suksen seg tussna-agi. Maca tazrewt-nne tcudd\ns waas er lqaleb wis sin (modal), i yettabaten am wakken i d-nenna deg\nDeg uric n tsekla, gtent tezrawin i d-yemmeslan ef uris aseklan, aas n\nyinagmayen i yessawen ad d-fken tibadutin d tmuliwin-nsen ef wullis.\nTzvetan Todorov ibeggen-d annect-a imi i d-yenna: Inaw ef tsekla, ilul-d\nyakan asmi i d-tlul tmuli tamenzut ef tsekla.(2)\nTizrawin-a slalen-t-d aas n yinekmar: wid n tesnilest, tasnalest, tussna n\ntmetti, tasnimant...atg. Aris aseklan yettili deg waas n tewsatin am: tmucuha,\nungal*, amezgun, umyi, tanqist...atg. Tuget deg-sent ttasen-t-d s tala n wullis\nam wakken i d-yenna Roland Barthes: S taliwin-ines ur nettfakka, ullis yettili\nHttp:// www.narratologie.com, consult le 03/03/2013 14h. Selon Vincent Jouve les personnages peuvent\ninduire trois types diffrents de lecture: "Un personnage peut se prsenter comme un instrument textuel (au service du\nprojet que sest fix lauteur dans un roman particulier), une illusion de personne (suscitant, chez le lecteur, des ractions\naffectives), ou un prtexte lapparition de telle ou telle scne. On nomme respectivement ces trois lectures : leffetpersonnel, leffet-personne et leffet-prtexte.\nTODOROV, (T.), La potique, in Encyclopdia Universalis, Dictionnaire des genres et notion littraire, 2001,\nP 106. Le discours sur la littrature nat en mme temps que la littrature mme .\ndi yal tallit, di yal amdiq, di yal timetti, ullis yedda-d yakan akked d umezruy n\ntalsa* (1). Ullis* ihi yettili yid-nne deg tudert n yal-ass. D tala yellan ama deg\ntsekla timawit ne di tin n tirawit. Rnu er tama, ad naf M.A Haddadou ullis\ner-s d aris aseklan yellan si zik, yettawi-d ef umezruy n talsa i d-yeddan s\nubrid n timawit er tira (2).\nDeg tbadutin i d-yefka Jean-Michel Adam yenna-d: Ullis d agenses n\nyiwen ne n waas ineruyen(3). Anamek d usebgen-ines yettili-d ama s tawil n\ntugna ne s usaru, ma yella d alles-ines yettili-d s yimi ne s tira.\nUllis d tarrayt tagejdant i swacu nezmer ad d-nessebggen tigawin d\ntugniwin n tekayt, yerna yiwet n teakayt tezmer ad ttwales s wacal n\nyiberdan, am umsefer n wakud* deg ullis, di yal tikelt ilaq ad ner ma yella\nifer-it umsawal ne xai (4).\n2.1.Timiranin tigejdanin n wullis\nSsawen yimarayen n wullis ad d-ksen tulmisin i yellan deg-s, tid id dyettilin di yal aris i d-yettasen s tala n wullis, tulmisin-agi ttbanent-d deg\nreba (04) n yiberdan :\na) Takayt tesa taessa: D ayen icudden er tedyanin amek i d-rant d wamek\nmsefarent d ubeddel-nsent seg waddad n tazwara almi d addad n taggara, rnu\ndien tugzimin akk d usdukkel-nsent.\nb) Takayt zdin-tt yismilen: D ayen yenan iwudam d umsawal.\nc) Takayt tesa akud: Yena akud n tedyanin akked wakud n wullis.\nd) Takayt tesa adeg: I deg rant tedyanin (5).\nBARTHES, (R.), Introduction lanalyse structural des rcits, Ed Seuil, Paris, 1977, P 08. Sous ces formes\npresque infinies, le rcit est prsent dans tous les temps, dans tous les lieux, dans toutes les societs; le rcit commence avec\nlhistoire mme de lhumanit.\nHADDADOU, (M.A.), Introduction la littrature brbre, Ed les Oliviers, Tizi-Ouzou, 2007, P 147.\nADAM, (J.M.),Le rcit, Paris, 1984, p10. le rcit est la reprsentation d (au moins) un vnement.\nHttp:// www.Fabula.Dfinition.com, consult le 07/03/ 2013 18h.\nACHOUR, (C.) & BEKKAT, (A.), Clefs pour la lecture des rcts, Edition du Tell, Blida, 2002, PP 37-60.\n2.2. Taessa n wullis*\nDi tezrawt-nne ef wullis yessefk ad nerr lwelha er tessa-s, imi taessa\nd lsas i ef yettwabna, yis-s i nezmer ad nessemgired tawsit n wullis ef tewsain\nnnien, di tazwara ullis yettwabna ef tessa-agi iwumi isemma Sali (M,A)\nImebdi , ayen iwumi qqaren s tefransist Incipit , d awalen imezwura i\nyettilin deg uris, zemren ad ilin d awalen idduklen d tifyar akken zemren ad\nilin d taseddart ef umenzu n wedlis am wayen yecban ullis, yesa imebdi azal d\nameqqran, deg-s i d-ttbanen yiwudam igejdanen n weris, ne ef wacu ara ad\nd-yawi umsawal aris-ines(1).\nef tessant-agi dien ad naf aas n yimnuda i d-yemmeslan fell-as s\ntelqayt, gar-asen ad nebder G.Genette deg udlis-is alada ef tjeumt d tessa n\nwullis, ssawen netta akked Greimas ad d-inin d akken ullis mai d tawsit gar\ntewsatin n tsekla ne d idles, maca d yiwet n tewsit ur nettbeddil ara yettwabna\nef yiwet n tessa i yesselayen takayt(2). Rnu er-s asuffe n tessa n wuris\nyessishil tigzi n lebni-ines, d yiwen n leqdic agejdan i wakken ad d-nissin akken\niwata aris i neba ad t-nesle, acku asuffe n tessa d allal mai d iswi (3).\ner tama nnien ad naf kra n yimnadiyen am Adam (J.M.), Greimas a\nladaa Larivaille ssawen ad d-suffen yiwen n uzenzi aessay i wumi\nsemman Azenzi imsemmes* n wullis i yellan d taessa tameqqrant deg kra\nn yiferisen igejdanen, ihi iferdisen i ef yettwabna d wigi (4):\nAddad n tazwara: D addad n talwit anda tidyanin mazal ur bdint ara, yal\ntaawsa deg umkan-ines.\nMUHEND, (A.S.), P46.\nADAM, (J.M.), in Encyclopdie Universalis, Dictionnaire des genres et des notions littraires, Ed Seuil, Paris,\nACHOUR, (C.) & REZZOUG, (S.), Introduction la lecture du littraire, Ed OPO, 2005, Alger, P 186.\nREUTER, (Y.), Analyse du rcit, Ed Armand Clin, 2005, P 21.\nAferis n urway: D timentalt ne d aferdis i yettbeddilen tikli n wullis, s\nussexreb n waddad n tazwara.\nTaneflit n tedyanin: Deg-s yettili-d umaz n tkerrist yettbeddilen tikli n\nAferis n ureqe: D timentalt ne d aferdis yettaraen ad d-yaf tifrat i\nyieblan d wuguren yellan deg wullis.\nTualin er waddad n tazwara (tifrat): Di tegnit-a tidyanin ttawent er\ntaggara-nsent, d tualin er waddad n talwit.\nS umata, nezmer ad nessegzi iferdisen-agi s uzenzi-a, la sab n wamek ityexdem Reuter:\nSeg tama ad naf ayen iwumi qqaren Amsefer n wullis*, imi amsawal\nyessefk fella-as ad yefren amsefer iwatan, i swacu ara ad ibeggen ineruyen n\nwullis-ines, ay adra yedbe amsefer-a ne ala (1).\n2.3. Tuddsa n wullis*\nUllis di tuddsa-ines, yettwaba ef yiwen n uferis agejdan d yiswirenines, yenna Tzvitan Todorov deg wawal-is ef akken it-id-yebder Christian\nAchour: Aris aseklan d takayt, yettbeggin-d kra seg wayen yellan di tilawt, d\nHttp://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schma_actantiel, consult le 13/04/2013 11h.\nyineruyen i d-yettilin s ur iwudam Maca, aris dien d inaw, yella umsawal\ni d-yettalsen takayt, seg tama-s yella imeri i as-isellen ne yettwali-t, deg\nliala-agi mai d yineruyen ne d tignatin i yesan azal er yimeri, lamena\nd tarrayt n umsawal amek i d-yettales, d netta i yettaan imeri ad d-tyessin wa\nad d-yessin ayen i d-yeqqar (1). Ihi tuddsa n wullis tebna ef tudsa n tekayt d\nyiswiren-ines, akk d tsiwelt.\nTakayt, deg uris aseklan akked tmuli tasensiwlant, d tadeyyant i dyeggaren taddeyant nnien s tmesla d usnimer* n tigawin, masub tigawin-agi\nteddunt, leunt s ya er da d axel n takayt\n. D aric seg wullis, teskan-d\namaal yesseqdec umaru deg uris am wakud, adeg, iwudam s umata yettban-d\ndeg usatal n uris aseklan ne deg wakud i deg neqqar(3) .\nTakayt tettwab ef sin yiswiren:\nD aric deg tekayt, d ayen icudden er umsefer n tedyanin d yineruyen\ndeg wullis s tmela*. D ayen akk i nezmer ad nekkes seg umsefer n tigawin ta\nsdat ta, yerna yal taggara n tugzimt tleddi-d tazwara n tin i d-iteddun.\nAm wakken i d-yenna Reuter: Deg wayen yerzan tasnarrayt, talet tseu\nuguren, tezmer ad tili s lmendad n sin yiswiren, deg tama iferdisen ugten\nttwabnan-d ef tilawt am tigawin, seg tama nnien d iferdisen imadwanen\nTODOROV, (T.), cit par ACHOUR, (C.) & REZZOUG (S.), Op cit, PP 185-186. Luvre littraire est histoire, dans\nce sens quelle voque une certaine ralit, des vnements qui se seraient passes des personnages () Mais luvre est en\nmmes temps discours, il existe un narrateur qui relate lhistoire; et il y a en face de lui un lecteur qui la peroit. A ce\nniveau, ce ne sont pas les vnements rapports qui comptent mais la faon dont le narrateur nous les a fait connatre\nHEBERT, (L.), http://www signosemio.com/documents/ mthodologie analyse- litteraire.pdf, Universit du\nQubec Rimouski (Canada), 09/02/2013, P 25, consult le 13/04/2013 11h. L'histoire, dans un texte littraire et\ndans la perspective de la narratologie, est l'enchanement logique et chronologique des actions et tats\nthmatiss (cest--dire vhiculs par le contenu du texte).\nHttp://signosemio.com/Genette/narratologie.asp, consult le 13/04/2013 11h.\nimesduklanen ne d iricen n uzenzi imsemmes. ef waya tugzimt d tifrat i\nIhi tugzimt tettili s sin yiswiren, ur telli meiyyet ur telli ezzifet,\nyessegza-d Reuter deg wawal-is d akken ugtent tarrayin i swacu nezmer ad\nnekkes tugzimin si yal ullis, yal aris yesa tarrayt i d-as-ilaqen. Ma nezzi-d er\ntarrayt ara ad nessaxdem i leqdic-nne ad tt-id-naf d tin i d-yessegza Reuter, imi\ni d-yeqqar: Tugzimt tettili-d yal mi ara ad d-nekkes tayunt n wakud, adeg,\ntigawin ne iwudam, ilaq seg tama-nne ad d-nefren ayen ilaqen ilmend n\nweris i nezrrew(2).\nMa nezzi-d awal er tuddsa n tugzimt*, ad naf Bremond (C) yere amek\nara ad yaf tarrayt s wayes uddsent tugzimin deg tekayt, isenned si liha-s ef\ntikli n wullis s umata, aya yella-d s usddukel n tektiwin-is er wayen yexdem\nV.Propp d waas n yissensiwal nnien, d tayunt taddayt n wullis d tawuri\nyettwassemersen i tiggawin d yineruyen, dduklent d tugzimin d ayemmi i dttakent ullis. Yerna asdukkel n waas n tugzimin meiyen ttakent-d tugzimin\ntuddzayanin*(3). S umata llant aas n tarrayin i wusddukel n tugzimin, maca yal\naris yesa tarrayt-is, rnu er-s aris-nni ara ad nefren i telet d netta ara a-dyemlen d acu n tarrayt iwatan.\nD amsefer d usuddes n yineruyen akken i d-ttwakan deg tekayt (ama d\nungal, ama d tullist, ama d amezgun). Takerrist, teqqen mli er tsiwelt d\nusuddes n wakud deg tekayt: zemren yineruyen ad d-twakun akken\nREUTER, (Y.), Op Cit, P 26. Dun point de vue mtodologique, lanalyse demeure cependant tiraille entre\ndune part des units multiples et en grande partie calques sur le rel, les actions et, dautre part, des units\ntrs abstraites et globalisantes, les tapes du schma quinaire. Dans ce cadre, la notion de squence peut\nconstituer une rpense intressante en tant quunit danalyse intermdiaire .\nIdem, P 27. Il y a squence ds que lon peut isoler une unit de temps, de lieu, daction ou de personnage.\nIl sagit alors de slectionner le critre le plus opratoire en fonction du texte considr .\nACHOUR, (C.) & BEKKAT, (A.), Op cit, P 43.\nmsefaren; zemren ad d-ttwakun akken nnien(1). Takerrist d iers n tmela i\nyesdukulen imela n waddaden d tiggawin n tekayt.(2)\nRnu er-s yal ullis yesa takerrist acku seg iferdisen igejdan i er icudd\nwullis, am wakken dien d tagnit anda i d-yettili ubeddel deg tedyanin n wullis s\numata. Aas iqedcen ef tault n tsiwelt gar-asen Veldmir Propp deg udlis\nMorphologie du conte deg useggas n 1928, d amezwaru i ierden ad d-yessile\ntakerrist n wullis deg leqdic-is ef tmucuha n Russ, imi yessawe ad yessuffe\n31 n twuriwin yemgarden anda s ya er da tettban-d deg-sent tkerrist(3).\nSeg tama, ad naf ayen i ur ssaween kra n yimnuda am: Adam, Greimas,\nalada Larivaille er yiwen uzenzi s wazal-is, deg-s iferdisen ne tignatin i dikemen deg usuddes n tkerrist akked wullis(4).\nUngal dien yebna ef tiggawin i d-yettaken asuddes n tkerrist, taneggaruta tesnulfa-d tugzimt, lmena-s azrug-nni i d-yeslalayen iferdisen n wadeg, akud\nd tigawin n yiwudam, ullisen s umata tezmer tkerrist ad tban deg-sen s tala n\nuzenzi asiwlan* yettwabnan ef ineruyen-a: tagnit n tazwara i d-yettmalen\nakatar n tkerrist*, arway n yineruyen (vnement perturbateur), addud n\nyiwudam (situation des personnages), ineruyen imneknan (vnement\nquilibrant) akked tegnit n taggara(5).\nRnu er tama, takerrist tettwaba ef tlata lenaf:\nTakerrist tasuft (lintrigue unique)\nTemmal-d taqidt n yiwudam, seg wasmi yebda wugur n tkerrist almi d tifrat,\nenf-agi yuget s waas di tullisin.\nSALHI, (M.A.), Petit dictionnaire de littrature, Ed lOdysse, Alger, 2012, P 54.\nHEBERT, (L.), Op Cit, P 25. Lintrigue est le fil logique qui unit les diffrents tats et actions de\nREUTER, (Y.), P 21.\nHttp://www.espace francais.com/analyser-un-roman/.13/04/2013 12h00.\nTakkerist tasemlalt (lintrigue complexe)\nTemmal-d aas n tkerras mcuddent war gar-asen, anda imeri wades yezmer\nad d-yedbe akk tiqiin n yiwudam ef wakken lleunt, enf-agi d win yugten\nTaddyant i d-yeggaren taddyant nnien*\nD annerni n tkerras war gar-asent, tessekcam takerrist di taye,\ntakerrist tassenant d axel n tkerrist tagejdant, alada mi ara i d-iekku uwadem\nTasiwelt* gar yiricen igejdanen n wullis d lsas-ines, akken yebu yili\nyinan n wullis, d imawi ne d irawi ad t-naf d win i d-iekkun tidyanin, ef\nwaya aas n yimyura i d-yemmeslayen ef yiricen d yiferdisen n tsiwelt alada\nGrard Genette, Reuter Yves,...atg aya-agi s umata d ayen ief ara ad nessuget\nawal s tuzi, ad nemmeslay fell-as s leqayt deg yixef i d-iteddun imi fell-as ara\nS umata, d wagi ihi i d awal s tewzal ef tmiranin tigejdanin i yerzan\ntussna n tsensiwelt, ixef i deg nessawe ad nbeggen inumak, d tbadutin, d\nturdiwin n tmiranin-agi. Rnu er-s tiriwin d tarrayin n yimarayen i dyemmeslan ef waya, deg unadi, d tezrawin, i d-yeddan deg yidlisen.\nIxef wis tlata\nTiri n tsiwelt deg ungal\nIxef wis tlata: Tiri n tsiwelt deg wungal\nUngal gar tewsatin tigejdanin i ef yerra umesnulfuy ne umaru lwelha-s,\nd enf yuen tunti-s d temkant-is deg unnar n usnulfu aseklan, imi aas n\ntulmisin d twuriwin i t-yezdin, yufrar-d ef lenaf nnien alada deg wayen\nyenan tasiwelt*, d tumant (Phnomne) tamaynut yesan azal d ameqqran deg\nuris aseklan, acku tasiwelt d tarrayt n umsawal, deg-s i yettaf iman-is iwakken\nad yessenfali, ad yessefruri tiktiwin-ines ef ineruyen d tiggawin n tekayt,\nannect-a akk nettaf-it-id yal tikelt deg wungal.\nAric-a d aferdis agejdan seg yiferdisen n tsensiwelt, tasugna d tmiraninines s umata. Ur yeshil ara iwakken ad neg tilas ger tsiwelt d tekayt ne gar\ntsiwelt d weglam n yineruyen. Tasiwelt d yiferdisen-ines myekcamen war garasen, ef waya ad nere seg tama-nne deg yixef-agi wis tlata ad d-nemeslay\nef tiri n tsiwelt d wayen itt-yezdin, wa ad nare ad d-nefk tibadutin id dyewwin fell-as, as akken mxalafent gar yinagmayen, yal wa d acu n tbadut i das-yefka, s yin akkin ad naddi er wayen yenan iferdisen-is.\nTasiwelt* temmal-d tigawt n umsnulfuy n wullis, anda i yezmer ad\nyezrew tamuli timant n usiwal i d-yewwi seg kra n yimarayen i d-yesbadun\ntagnit n usiwel (1).\nHttp:// www.Fabula.org.definition, consult le 14/03/2013 9h30. La narration dsigne lacte producteur\ndu rcit (et peut donc tre tudie du point de vue de lnonciation) la source duquel certains thoriciens\nidentifient une instance nonciative.\nD abrid i yefer umsawal akken ad d-yeku ineruyen n tekayt. Yezmer\numsawal (netta di tilawt d tamsalt yeqqnen er lebi n umaru imi ayagi d tamsalt\nn ufran n uanib) ad d-yeku (ad d-isawel) ineruyen akken msefaren di\ntekayt, yezmer ad isizwer ineruyen ef wiya. Yezmer ad isifses tasiwelt ne\nad tt-yerr d taayant, ad tifsus tsiwelt mi ara ttemsefaren yineruyen wa deffir\nwaye, ur yili d acu i ten-id-ebsen. Ma ulac aas n uglam, ulac aas n\nyiwenniten d waas n yineruyen gar yiwudam, ad tili tsiwelt fessusset. Ad\nteay tsiwelt ma yella umsawal ittwessif-d aas (ama d iwudam, ama d adeg,\nama d ayen nnien), yerna isenaq-d aas iwudam n tekayt, yerna dien ittak-d\niwenniten (ama ines ama n wiye). Mesub, taggara n wawal: d aglam d\nyiwenniten d yidiwenniyen ur nettaa ara ineruyen ad msefaren wa deffir\nwaye, d nutni i ten-iferqen akken ad tizif tekayt yerna ad taay tsiweltines(1).\nReuter dien yesbadu-d tasiwelt yenna-d: Tasiwelt teskan-d tifran\ntigejdanin n tfukkas i yesseddayen tuddsa n tekayt d axel n wullis(2).\nMa yella Achour d Bekkat di lewhi-nsen, tasiwelt d annar yenan tarrayt n\nekku d wallus(3). Gerard Genette tasiwelt er-s d inaw asiwlan*, d lsas n teslet\nn uris deg ullis(4).\nRaimond (M.) seg tama-s immesla-d ef tsiwelt belli, d ayen akk\nyettwabnan, yettwalqem-d seg wamud n tedyanin s yimeslayen i d-yettilin s\nuanib usrid (5).\nRnu er-s Jean-Michel Adam yenna deg wawal-is: Tasiwelt, akken ma\ntella tleu s sin leqwani, amenzu yurrez er enf n uris am wullis, wis sin\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, PP 62-63.\nREUTER, (Y.), Analyse du rcit, Armand Clin, 2005, P 40. dsigne les grands choix techniques qui\nrgissent lorganisation de la fiction dans le rcit qui lexpose .\nACHOUR, (C.) & BEKKAT, (A.), Clefs pour la lecture des rcts, Ed du Tell, Blida, 2002, PP 60-61.\nGENETTE, (G.), Figure III, Ed le Seuil, Paris, 1972, PP 71-72.\nRAIMOND, (M.), le roman, Ed Armand Colin, Paris, 2005, P 150.\nyurrez er unagraw i yesseqaden ullis-agi, ef wacu ibedd d wamek i dyettwagenses (reprsentation) (1).\nDeg wayen yenan idlisen yettwarun s tarabt ef tsiwelt, ad naf tabadut i\nd-yefka umaru Bakr Amin yenna-d: Tasiwelt s unamek-ines wessien tena\nallus n uneruy ne n waas ineruyen i yezmer ad ten-id-yesnulfu umsawal ama\nd ineruyen n tilawt ne n usugen, am wakken tena dien ayen ara ad d-yales\numsawal s yisem n yemsiwal, s umata tasiwelt d abrid-nni i s wacu i d-ttwales\ntakayt tettili-d deg ungal. Aya akk nezmer ad t-id-nesseggzen s uzenzi-a:(2)\nDeg udlis nnien n Sala Brahim yewwi-d ef tsiwelt, d akken: "D talalt n\nusnulfu n yineruyen isewlanen(3), yis-s i yettnerni uxeddim n unaggal, yis-s i\nyezmer dien ad yual di rrif, annect-a yettual er tezmert n umsawal d tmusniines deg ussexdem n yiferdisen n tsiwelt akk d wassa-ines d yiwudam, aya-a d\nayen ara ad yeen imeri ad yeqbel axeddem-agi wa ad as-yejeb.\n1.2.Tala n tsiwelt*\nTasiwelt s timad-is tettas-d s tlata n taliwin yemxalafen, am wakken nera\nimataren di tutlayin akken ma llant ttwabant ef tlata: Amenzu d amatar\nNekk win yettmeslayen, wis sin d amatar Ke win i wumi nettmeslay,\naneggaru d amatar n layeb netta win i ef nettmeslay, deg waya ihi amsawal\nyettual di tsiwelt-ines er-sen, imi taliwin-agi ttwasnent si zzman aqdim armi\nd tallit n tura am teqsit n Kalila d Dimna yettwasnen si zik, ma nual-d er\ntumgzin tierfaniyin tirabin ad tent-id-naf d tid i d-yettasen di tuget s tala tis\ntlata n layeb. S yin akkin tasensiwelt tennerna di tallit-agi tamirant, tbeddel tikli\nHttp:// www. la narrathologie.pdf, consult le 31/03/2013 10h00.\n34 -33 1998 ( ) " " ( 2)\n2003 1 ( ) " " ( 3)\nualen yimsiwal ssaxdamen tala n win yettmeslayen d win i wumi nettmeslay,\naya-agi s umata yennerna s tawilat i d-yettnulfun deg tfukkas d tewsatin n\ntsiwelt yewaen amaynut, taliwin ihi d tigi:\n1.2.1. Tasiwelt s umatar n layeb: Netta\nD tala yettwasnen di tallit n zik, tettwasexdem s waas deg usiwel imawi,\nFourman Ferdeman yesbadu-d tarrayt-agi yenna-d: D takayt i d-yettales yiwen\nn uwadem(1), d tala ifazen imi tettrekkiz ef leqdic asiwlan i d-yezzin i\nwungal, ma yella d Sayed Ibrahim, tasiwelt yettwabnan ef umatar n layeb\ntekka-d seg uswir d tmusni talayant yekseb umsawal d tiktiwin-ines tilayanin i\nusiwe n tikta-s i yimdanen.\n1.2.2. Tasiwelt s umatar n win yettmeslayen: Nekk\nSeg tama n wazal yettas-d d wis sin deffir umatar n layeb,\nyettwassexdem di tsiwelt n tekayin n at zik am tekayt n Cahra Zad akked\n"Alef lila wa lila, amsawel deg usexdem-ines i umatar yettara amek ara ad\nyefsi amgired-nni yellan gar wakud n tsiwelt, gar-as d yiwudam, am wakken\ndien yettban-d umsawal d awadem agejdan deg ungal, acku yettmeslay-d s\nyiles n uwadem agejdan, asa*, d yiwudam isenaniyen, d netta i yesselayen\nineruyen d tigawin n yiwudan ef akken yeba.\n1.2.3. Tasiwelt s umatar n win i wumi nettmeslay:Ke\nYettas-d d wis tlata, d tala tamaynut deg tala n tsiwelt, d ayen\nyettwasnen s waas, yettili-d d alemmas gar umatar n layeb d win yettmeslayen,\n" 2002 ( ) " " ( 1)\nyettara umsawal seg-s ad yeglem liala n yiwudam, seg tama nnien ad\nyesnerni tutlayt swacu i d-yessawal deg ungal-ines(1).\nS umata ajme gar tlata taliwin-agi, d tamsalt n ucebba n wawal d\nyinawen mai d tanamekt*, d taliwin kan mai d lsas n tsiwelt, amsawal d\nilelli yezmer ad d-yessexdem tala i d-as-yehwan, aya-agi mai d netta ara ad\nyesnernin i tira ma yella txus maca yessaxdam-iten umsawal iwakken ad yeflali\n1.3.Amsawal d lenaf-ines\nAmsawal d awadem amezwaru i d-yettbanenn deg ullis (2). Amsawal* d win i\nd-yessawalen (i d-iekkun) takayt (deg uris n tsiwelt). Amsawal, yemxallaf\nef umaru. Amaru, d amdan yettidiren deg tilawt, ma d amsawal yettili kan deg\nuris. D taect-nni i d-iekkun deg uris (ama d ungal, ama d tullist, ama d\ntamacahut ne d enf nnien n uris n tsiwelt). Amaru, yesnulfuy-d takayt, ma\nd amsawal iekku-tt-id. Llan tlata n lenaf n yimsawalen: amsawal anir,\namsawal agensay d umsawal awadem(3).\n1.3.1. Lenaf n umsawal\na) amsawal agensay*\nD amsawal i d-iekkun takayt ideg netta s timmad-is yettekki: d awadem\ngar yiwudam nnien. Yessen ayen i ssnen akk yiwudam nnien, mai am\numsawal aniri(4). Yerna ma yella umsawal ittekki deg tigawt yezmer ad yesu\naas n wudmawen: Amsawal d asa n tekayt s wudem amenzu Nekk,\namsawal d inigi, d awadem asnay (secondaire), s wudem n wesget Nekkni,\nyezmer ad iban dien s wudem wis reba netta, yettmeslay-d ef iman-is\n. 232-231 2002 ( " ")\nHttp:// www.Fabula.org.definition, consult le 14/03/2013 9h30.\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, P 32.\nlamena s wudem-agi, yettban-d d akken d netta i d ameskar n wayen i dihekku(1) .\nb) Amsawal aniri*\nD amsawal i d-iekkun takayt ideg ur yelli ara d awadem. enf-a n\numsawal ierr akk ayen yellan deg tekayt; ayen yessen d wayen yera yugar\nayen ssnen d wayen ran yiwudam yettikkin deg tekayt i d-iekku. Mi ara yili\nenf-a n umsawal, yettili aas ussexdem n wudem wis tlata asuf (amatar\nudmawan y ne t deg yimyagen ne dien amqim ilelli: netta (t), tin\nyernan er-s amsawal yettban-d d netta i d akerwa (patron) n tekayt, as akken\nulac-it deg tekayt, lamena d netta id d-yekkan nnig n yiferdisen n tekayt (2).\nYettusemma umsawal d amsawal awadem mi ara tili tekayt i d-iekku d\ntakayt-is (d ayen yeran yid-s). lmena-s da, d awadem i d-yessawalen takaytines. Mi ara yettwasexdem enf-a n umsawal, yettili s waas usexdem n\nyimyagen deg wudem amenzu (amatar udmawan , akken yettili s waas\numqim ilelli nekk . Ixef amezwaru n wungal Askuti n Said Saadi, d\namsawal awadem i d-yekan (d Meyan i d-yekan amek yeffe s adrar d\nwamek i yesedda tallit n tegrawla n Lezzayer. D wamek yedder iseggasen\nimezwura segmi tzureg (testaqel) tmurt(3).\nHttp://www.espace francais.com/analyser-un-roman/.13/04/2013 12h.\nACHOUR, (C.) & BEKKAT, (A.), Clefs pour la lecture des rcts, Edition du Tell, Blida, 2002, PP 63-64.\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, P 34.\n1.3.2. Tiwuriwin n umsawal*\nGenette gar yinagmayen i d-yewwin ef twuriwin n umsawal, yeba-tent ef\nxemsa twuriwin tigejdanin i d-yettbegginen tafesna n tnekcimt (degr\ndintervention) n umsawal di tlemmast n wullis, ad nebder (1):\n1. Tawuri tasiwlant ( La fonction narrative): D tawuri tagejdant, yis-s i\ntleu tsiwelt, madam yella wullis, amsawal iban-d ne ulac-it isefk fell-as ad\nibab tamlilt-ines (assume ce rle)\n2. Tawuri n uwellah: Deg-s yettarad umsiwal ad yejbed lwelha n wid iwumi\ni ekku, wa ad ier ma yella unermis* (contact) gar-asen ne ala.\n3. Tawuri n taywalt (La fonction de communication): Amsawal deg wayen\nakk i d-yettales, iswi-s ad yebnu assa gar-as d yimeriyen, ayen ara ad yexdem\numsawal ad yili yeqsed i yis-s srid imsiwal (narrataires).\n4. La fonction testimoniale : Amsawal yettbeggin-d tidet n tekayt i dyettales, ama deg tsiwelt, deg ineruyen ne di tmuliwin-ines, tawuri-agi\ntettban-d s waas deg usenfali n umsawal ef wafrayen-ines, d ayemmi i dyeslalay assa gar-as d tekayt-is.\n5. Tawuri tasnaktant (La fonction idologique): Amsawal tikwal igezzem\ntakayt-ines, i wakken ad yessefhem kra n temsal s tmusniwin d tektiwin-ines\nAdeg ne tallunt* d aferdis agejdan anda i d-errunt tedyanin, d tuddsa n\nwadeg yellan deg ugama yerna yettili-d ef lasab n tilit n umdan, amsawal\nyezmer ad d-yemmesli ef tallunt i deg yettidir, xas ma yella di Fransa ad yaru\nef imukan-ines, tezmer ad tili tallunt dien d ayen i d-ixlleq walla n umsawal\nmai d ayen yellan deg ugama.\nTallunt di lewhi n umaru Louis Hbert tettwaba ef xemsa n yiferdisen\nigejdan gar-asent: Tallunt n usnulfu (tesddukel amsiwal d tira-s, adeg i deg yura,\nne i deg yettidir), Tallunt tasentlat (asnulfu n tallunt la sab n wayen yewa\nusentel), Tallunt n uskan (montr), Tallunt n ubdar (yettili-d deg-s abdar n\nyimukan mana mai s telqayt, am uwadem i yettmennin ad yili deg waba\nimukan). Tallunt n ttutfa (rception) d adeg i deg i d-nettaf awadem di lweqt n\ntermast, anda i yettili unermas di lawan n termas, imukan i deg ttidiren, d wid i\nDi lewhi n Muend Akli Sali adeg d aferdis deg teslet n tsiwelt. D adeg\ni d-yemmalen anda terru tigawt. D netta dien i d-yeskanen, deg waas n\ntegnatin, amek igga uwadem.Yettili-d wannect-a s uglam n wadeg (ismawen d\nlewsayef n yimukan) anda terru tekayt(2).\nMitterand (H), yenna-d ef wadeg: D aferis yis-s i tbed tiggawt(3). Di\ntbadut-agi ad nefhem belli adeg d aferdis icudden s waas er tiggawin.\nMa yella d tabadut nnien i d-yebder Achour (C) d Simone (R), nnan-d d\nakken deg uris, tallunt d tageruma (ensembles) n yizamulen i d-yeskanayen\nineruyen n tgensest (4).\nSeg tama ad naf Reuter yefka-d awal ef tallunt yenna-d : Tallunt d\ni d-yettbanen s waas\ndeg wungal, tezmer ad tban s sin\nQubec Rimouski (Canada), 09/02/2013, P 25. En fait, on peut y distinguer cinq principales sortes despaces\n: (1) espace de la production (associ lauteur et lcriture : lieux o il crit, lieux qui l habitent , qui\nlont habit); (2) espace thmatis dans la production : (3) espace montr ou reprsent, (4) espace voqu\n(par exemple un personnage en prison (espace reprsent) rve la plage (espace voqu)); (5) espace de la\nrception (lieux o se trouve le rcepteur au moment de la rception, lieux qui lhabitent, qui lont habit) .\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, P 11.\nMITTERAND, (H.), Le discour du roman, Ed PUF, Paris, 1980, P 201. Lespace est lun des operateurs par\nlesquels sinstaure laction .\nTADIE, (J.V.), cit par, ACHOUR, (C.) & REZZOUG, (S.), Introduction la lecture du littraire, Ed O.P.O,\n2005, Alger, P 209. Dans le texte, lespace se dfinit comme lensemble des signes qui produisent un effet de\nwudmawen, tamenzut deg wassaen tesa akked d tilawt, tis snat di twuriwinines d axel n uris(1).\nGoldestein (J-T) er-s tallunt tesa tazrirt* ef wanya n wungal, deg kra n\nwullisen yettual d ameskar ne d bab n yinelan*(2).\nAchour Christiane d Bekkat Amina di tmuli-nsen er tallunt: D asuzef\nn tudert, d askan, d aqerreb er wadeg anda i d-tteflalint termitin(3).\nDeg ullis nezmer ad nebu adeg ne tallunt ef reba n wudmawen,\namenzu d adeg araklan (gographique) d win id d-yettlalen deg wallus (ekku),\nanda iwudam ggaren tigawin-nsen, wis sin d adeg n uris yerza adeg n tira n\nidlisen, wis tlata d adeg anamkan tettili-d deg-s tugna id d-yettlalen deg tutlayt n\numsawal d wayen i d-yettaa n yinumak, aneggaru d adeg i d-yettmalen tarrayt\ns wayes yezmer umaru ad yesselu tulsa d wullis(4).\nDeg wungal ad naf di yal tikelt anaggal yettara amdan ad yinig yid-s akin,\nimukan, payasage..., am waken i d-yenna J.GEORGE: Gar wudmawen insayen\ni d-yellan seg zik, seg wasmi tebda tira n wungal, d win i d-yettilin s tufa akkin\nberra i ukudan d ureklan (temporel et gographique)(5).\nDeg uris, tallunt tesa azal d ameqran deg ullisen akken ma llan, deg waya\nyenna-d Genette yewer aas ad naru mebla ma neka-d akter ma neka-d mebla\nma nura, lmana n waya d akken ma yella umsawal iekku-d isedday-d akk ayen\nyenan tallunt acku d ayen yettwali i d-iekku, maca ma yella yettaru-d,\nREUTER, (Y.), Op cit, P 55. Lespace mis en scne par le roman, peut sapprhender selon deux grandes\nentres: ses relations avec lespace rel et ses fonctions lintrieure du texte .\nGOLDSTEIN, (J.T.), cit par, ACHOUR, (C.) & BEKKAT, (A.), Op cit, P 51. Mais surtouts lespace influe\nsur le rythme du roman, dans certains rcits, lespace devient agent de la fiction .\nIdem, p52. Lespace est la dimension du vcu, cest lapprhension des lieux o se dploie une exprience .\n,2000 , , 2. "" , . ( 4)\n. : [...]\nGEORGE (J.), Le roman, Ed Seuil, Paris, 1971. P 190.\nyettimi deg yiwen n umkan iekku-d kan ayen i d-irezzun s ala-ines. Tin\nyernan er-s tallunt deg ungal tezmer ad tesu assa d tilawt am wakken i\ntezmer ad tili d asugen kan d ayen i d-yesnulfa walla n win i d-yettalsen(1).\nD aferdis deg teslet n tsiwelt. Yettban-d wazal-is deg ubeddel swayes i dgellun yineruyen n tekayt. Llan sin n lesnaf n wakud deg teslet n tsiwelt:\nakud agensay d wakud aniri.\n1.5.1. Akud agensay*\nD akud i yettilin kan deg uris n tsekla. Deg-s sin n lesnaf: akud n uferri\n(ne n tekayt) d wakud n tsiwelt.\na) Akud n tekayt\nd amsefer n yineruyen deg mi ara tebdu tekayt alama tekfa.Tenna-d\nAchour (C.) d Rezzoug (S.): D lawan i d-tettak tigawt i wakken ad teru(2).\nb) Akud n tsiwelt\nd amsefer n yineruyen akken i ten-id-yeka umsawal. Yezmer ad yeffe i\nwakud ef wakken i yella deg tilawt (tekayt). Tenna-d Achour (C.) d Rezzoug\n(S.):Tasiwelt tettbeddil asenfali n wakud, acku amsawal yettextiri amek\nZemren ad edlen sin n lesnaf-a n wakud, akken dien zemren ad mxallafen.\nAd edlen ma yella ineruyen yeka-ten-id umsawal akken msefaren deg\nSAADI, (N.), Lexpression de lidentit dans le roman Tafrara de Salem Zenia , mmoire de Magister,\n2009, universit Tizi-Ouzou, P 119.\nACHOUR, (C.) & REZZOUG, (S.), Introduction la lecture du littraire, Ed O.P.O, 2005, Alger, P 216. Le\ntemps de lhistoire est la dure de droulement de laction .\nIdem, P 216. La narration bouleverse lexpression du temps en choisissant un ordre dvocation des\ntekayt. Ad yemxalaf wakud n tsiwelt netta d wakud n tekayt ma yella\namsawal ur d-yeki ara ineruyen akken msefaren deg wakud.\n1.5.2. Akud aniri*\nenf-a n wakud, yettwellih-d er tallit ideg yedder umaru d yimeriyen-ines.\nD aniri acku ur yeqqim ara er uris, yena lweqt ideg d-yura umaru adlis-ines\nakked lweqt ideg yeqqar umeri. Taslet n wakud aniri ad tili ef tegnatin ideg i\nd-yettwaru uris; ad d-tili d anadi ef taliwin n usnulfu d yiberdan n tira n\nlawan-nni ideg yedder umaru. Ad d-tili dien ef tegnatin n turi n uris (lawan\nideg ran aris). Tignatin-a, sant azal d ameqqran imi ssishilent ne ttarant tilin\nAkken ad tgerrez tarrayt n teslet n wakud aniri, yessefk ad yefreq yiwen gar\nwakud n umaru d wakud n umeri. Sin-a n lesnaf n wakud aniri, zemren ad\nedlen (ma yella amaru d umeri ddren deg yiwet n tallit) akken zemren ad\nTomachevski deg wawal-is ef uferis n wakud yenna-d: Tasiwelt tettbeddil\naas deg usenfali n wakud, acku amsawal iferren amek ara msefarent\nMa yella ZADIG ef wamek it-id-yebder Achour d Rezzoug d akken yere\nseg tama-s ad yefk tabadut n wakud, imi yessawe ula d netta ad yessuffe sin n\nlenaf igejdan i ef yettwabna wakud, amezwaru d akud aniri ur yeqinen ara er\nd axel n uris, d aferis yettwellihen er wayen yedder umaru d yimeriyen-ines\nam wakken dien yerza tagnit i deg yettwaru uris-nni, yeba-t ef tlata:\namenzu d akud n umaru, wis sin d akud n yimeri d wakud amezray, ma d wis\ntlata d akud agensay, di lewhi-s yerza tagnit anda ierrunt tuget n tedyanin, d\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, PP 24-32.\nTOMACHEVSKI, cit par ACHOUR, (C.) & REZZOUG, (S.), Op cit, PP 200-201.\nakud yellan d axel n uris, d aferdis yesan azal deg teslet n tsiwelt, yettban-d\nwazal-a deg ubeddel i d-gellun ineruyen n tekayt (1).\n1.5.3. Amsefer n wakud*\nYal ungal iteddu-d deg-s ayen iwumi qqaren akud n uferri*, aferri am\nwakken i t-id-yebder Muend Akli Sali d azal n yini ittunesaben amzun akken\nimmal-d ayen yeran s tidet di tilawt, iferdisen ieen aris, am wakud tikwal\nur yettili ara d tidet, lamena ttkellixen i yis-s imeri ttaran-d ineruyen n\ntekayt amzun akken ran s tidet di tilawt, abada ma yella yessawe win akken\nyeqqaren ad yeg assa gar wayen yellan di tekayt d wayen yellan di tilawt ideg\n.Rnu er tama akud n tekayt Akud yettwalsen , d akud yerzan\nlawan n tidet, akken i tezmer ad teru deg tillawt, d amsefer i yesan tamela*\nn yineruyen n tekayt seg mi ara ad tebdu almi tekfa, s umata d lawn i deg\ntettimi tigawt akken ad teru.\nAmaru J.P Goldenstin, ikemmel ef unamek-a yenna-d: Akud n\ntekayt, d akud, yettak-d tanzagt* n wamek leunt tiggawin(3), lmena-as\nlawan-nni id d-yettilin gar tigawt d taye (4).\n1.6. Tifukkas* n tsiwelt\nMa nezzi-d awal er tffukas yezdin tasiwelt ad naf aas, d tid i zemren ad\nggent assa ger umsawl d wayen i d-yeddan deg wungal-ines, tiffukas s umata d\namud n yiferisen i ef i d- yettkal umsawal iwaken ad yeglem ineruyen-ines\nwa ad ten-iselu akken i wata, ihi gar tffukas-agi ad nebder:\nACHOUR, (C.) & BEKKAT, (A.), Op cit, P 85.\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, P 16.\nGOLDENSTIN, (J.P.), Lire le roman , Collection Savoir en Pratique, Bruxelles, De Boeck et Ducolot,\n1999, P 125.\nGOLDENSTIN, (J.P.), P 125.\n1.6.1. Iswiren n tsiwelt*\na) Taddyant i d-yeggaren tadyant nnien: ( les rcit emboits)\nD tafukkest i yessexdam umsawal deg tira-ines, yal mi ara ad yales tadyant\nyeggar-d yiwet ne aas n tedyanin nnien, am wakken i d-yenna Reuter deg\nwawal-is: Kra n wullisin zemren ad sun yiwen ne aas n wullisin nnien d\naxel n yiwet n tkerrist tamatut, yiwen n uwadem ne aas n yiwudam zemren ad\nualen d imsawalen* n yiwet ne aas n tekayin i d-ttarun, i d-ttalsen, ne i\n1.6.2. Akud n tsiwelt\nAm wakken i d-nenna yakkan ullis yerza tamsalt n wakud, yal tadyant tebna\nef wassa i yellan gar wakud n tekayt d wakud n wullis, tasiwelt seg tama-s,\nturrez er useggiw (dimension) nnien, d win yenan la temporellit, ullis s\numata yezmer ad yeslal assa gar sin yemazrar (sries) n ukudan: akud, yezmer\nad yili d illaw* ne d asugan*, di takayt yettwalsen akked wakud n tsiweltines, llant reba n tmiranin i yezemren ad awnen-t asle n wassaen-a:(2)\na) Tiremt n tsiwelt*\nGrard Genette gar wid i d-yemmeslayen ef waya imi yessawe yenna-d\ndeg wawal-is, nezmer ad nmeyyez reba n tiremtin yemgarden di tsiwelt: (3)\n1- Ultrieur: Ad yales umsawel ambed, ef wayen ieddan.\n2- Antrieur: Ad yales uqbel, ef wayen i d-iteddun, ne ayen ara ad yerun.\n3- Simultan: Ad yales srid, ef wayen yellan d wayen yeran imiren.\nREUTER, (Y.), Op cit, P 56. Certains rcits peuvent comprendre un ou plusieurs autres rcits embotes: au\nsein dune intrigue englobante, un ou plusieurs personnages deviennent narrateur dune ou plusieurs histoires\nquils crivent, racontent, ou rvent .\nIdem, PP 56-57.\n4- Intercal: D asexle gar wayen yellan d wayen ieddan (prsent et pass).\ner tama, ma nerra tamuli i wayen i d-yenna Reuter Yves ur ixulef ara ef\nGenette, acu-t kan tiremt n tsiwelt er-s tettwaba ef tlata, yerna tcudd er\ntiremt anda i d-ttwales tekayt d wassaen-ines d tiremt anda i tezmer ad teru\ntekayt s tidet, ihi iswiren n tiremt d wigi:\nTasiwelt teggra ef tekayt (Ultrieure): Amsawal iekku-d ayen yezrin.\nTasiwelt tedda d tekayt: D aswir ur nelli ara s tuget, icudd er tsiwelt s\nwudem amezwaru, deg-s nettulfu am wakken amsawal iekku-d takayt deg\nlawan i deg tera.\nTasiwelt tezwar takayt (Antrieure): Ur tugget ara, amsawal iekku-d\nayen ara yerun er zdat, am wakken yezmer ad yili d tirga(1).\nDi tfukkest-agi ad nwali amsawal amek i yetturar s wakud n tsiwelt, imi\ntikwal yettzeggid tikwal yessenqas i wakud n tekayt s uglam, adiwni d\nDi tsiwelt amsawal iekku-d ayen yeran deg wagguren, deg yiseggasen la\nsab n yineruyen s kra n tefyar ne aas, dien yezmer ad yales tidyanin yeran\ndeg kra n ddqayeq deg kra n yisebar ne ugar, s umata ihi, tirurda n tsiwelt ef\nwamek itt-id-yesbadu Reuter: D assa gar tezi n tekayt (Dure de lhistoire) i\nyettwaesben (s yiseggasen, s wayyuren, s wussan, s swaye...), akked d tezi n\ntsiwelt i d-yettbegginen (s yisebar, s yijeien, s tseddarin...)(2).\nInaggalen s umata d wid ifehmen timsal, yesnen amek ara ad selun\nineruyen d wakud n wullis, tikwal s ruruden (acclrer) tikwal nnien teddun\nREUTER, (Y.), Op cit, P 56.\nIbid, P 56. La vitesse dsigne le rapport entre la durre de lhistoire (calcule en annes, mois,\njours,heures,...) et la dure de la narration ( ou, plus exactement, de la mise en texte, exprime en nombrede\npages ou de lignes) .\nkan s tawil (ralentir), ef waya ara ad naf tirurda s timad-is tesa tlata n\nAsrured*( acclration): D taffukest i yessexdem umsawal mi ara ad\nyebu ad yessenqes i kra n teddyanin n tekayt deg tsiwelt am uglam, assegzel n\ntedyant aya akk yettban-d deg utettu* d usdukkel n wayen yellan deg uris (le\nsommaire). Atettu yekkat yetteddi,\nyessenqas i tedyanin n tekayt, tikwal\nnnien i tekkes-itent seg tsiwelt, ma yella d asdukkel n wayen yellan deg uris,\nnezmer ad tneseb d agzul n wakud n tekayt tameqqrant deg kra n yijerrien.\nAllukkez* (ralentissement): Akken i yella uselukkez-ines yettbin-d s\ntullsa n kra n yisalli s weglam.\nAsedel*: Yettili-d s ussedel n wakud n tekayt d win n tsiwelt am\nTimezgit tena asnigar ne aawed n yineruyen n tekayt, llan ineruyen\ni d-yettasen s wudem n usugen wiya d ineruyen n tidet icudden er tilawt, di\nliala-ag, timezgit tena ma yella umsiwel yemsawi gar le nombre de fois n\nyineruyen n usugen d yineruyen n tidet n tsiwelt(1).\nAmsiwal yezmer ad yefren yiwet seg tlata n teskiwin-agi:\n1- Alles i wayen yeran yiwet n tikelt ne aas n tikawal (Le rcit\n2- Alles n wacal tikkal, i wayen yeran yiwet n tikelt, lmena-s ullis n\nuewed (Le rcit rptitif).\n3- Tullsa i tikkelt kan, i wayen yeran aas n tikkal (Le rcit itratif)(2).\nIbidem, P 61.\nDUMORTIER, (J.L.), Tout petit trait de narratologie buissonires, Presse universitaire de Namur,\nBelgique, 2005, P 88.\nSeg tama-nne ad d-yili wawal di tezrewt-a, ef yiwet n teskiwt kan, ef\nlasab n wacu i yessexdem umaru Brahim tazaart deg tsiwelt n wungal-ines.\nYerza tidyanin n tekayt amek imsefarent d wamek i tent-id-yewwi\numsiwel di tsiwelt-ines, am wakken i d-yenna Reuter: D assa gar umsetbe n\ntedyanini d wamek i d-ttwalsent(1), yenna-d dien Scheffer (J-M): Drus n\nyirisen isiwlanin anda ttemsefarent tedyanin n tekayt akken i d-yettili\numsefer n tsiwelt(2), tikwal amsiwel di tsiwelt ya ad yeddu er zdad ne ad\nyual er deffir. Ihi amsefer yettwaba ef sin yiswiren(3):\nTamuli er zdad*\nAmsiwel yettabdar-d ineruyen n tekayt uqbel ad run s useggas ne\nakter, yettmeslay-d ef wayen i d-iteddun.\n------------------ 3 ---------------- 1 ---------------------- 2 --------------------Tasiwelt tasezwert (narration anticipation)\nTualin er deffir*\nAmsiwal ur yetabe ara amsefer n wakud (lordre chronologique),\nyessawal-d s tualin er wayen i ieddan.\n------------------ 1 ---------------- 2 ---------------------- 3 -------------------------------------- 2 ---------------- 3 ---------------------- 1 --------------------Tasiwelt n tualin (narration retour en arrire)\nREUTER, (Y.), Op cit, P 62. Lordre dsigne le rapport entre la succesion des vnements dans la fiction et\nlordre dans lequel lhistoire raconte dans la narration .\nSCHEFFER, (J.M.) & DUCROT, (O.), Nouveau dictionnaire encyclopdique des sciences du langage, Edition\ndu Seuil, Paris, 1995, P 712. Il nexiste pas beaucoup de textes narratifs o lordre des vnements raconts et\nlordre de leur prsentation narratives concident strictement (synchronie) .\nD aferdis deg teslet n tsiwelt. Ur yessefk ara ad yessedel yiwen gar\nuwadem akked umdan. Awadem, yettili kan deg uris. Tudert-is, teqqen er tin\nn uris, tbeddu s wawalen imezwura n tekayt, tkeffu s taggara n turi n tekayt,\nakken ad yili uwadem (am netta am umsawal d umsiwal), yessefk ad yili uris.\nMa yella d amdan, yettidir deg tillawt, ur yewa ara aris akken ad yili.\nDeg tsekla, imyura semrasen sin n yiberdan i wakken ad d-gelmen (ad dwefen) awadem: aglam usrid d uglam arusrid. Yettili uglam d usrid mi ara ilin\nyisallen (abeda ef uwadem) yettak-iten-id umsawal qbala mebla tuzzya deg\nwawal. Ad yefhem umeri, mi ara yeqqar, lewayef n win yettwagelmen mebla\nugur ameqqran, imi isallen i as-d-yettunefken fell-as llan-d ilmend n usenned n\nuwadem i umeri (yettwaweef-d uwadem akken ad t-yissin umeri, ad ier wi\nt-ilan d wamek yemmug)(1).\nAwadem d lsas n wullis ur yezmir ed ad isugen ullis mebla awadem,\nyettunasab d taneqi tagejdant deg yidlese akk n yinaggalen, yesa tamlilit d\nwazal meqqren di tuddsa n tekayt, d netta i yettaken lbenna d lmena i takayt,\nyerna takayt akken ma tella d takayt n yiwudam(2), inaggalen s umata s\nyiwudam ibennun ungalen-nsen acku d nutni i yesnernayen tiggawin n\nyinaggalen (les actions romanesque)(3).\ner tama ad naf Tomacheveski yenna-d: Iwudam ttawin-d ayen i wumi\nneqqar tignatin tiisanin*, jebbden-d afrayen d lwelha n yimeriyen, ssefraen\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, P 40.\nREUTER, (Y.), Op cit, P 27.\nJ.P Goldenstin, Lire le roman, Paris, De Boeck et Ducolot ; 1999, p.50.\nkra n yimeriyen,akken i ssezanen wiya, akken i llan wid i yessaggaden, rnu\nyettili-d ufar n win yellan d asa deg tekayt(1).\nIhi iwudam d allal i yessexdam umeskar iwakken ad yerr lwelha n\nyimeriyen, jebden-d afrayen-nsen, llan wid ssefraen, wiya sazanen-ten, am\nwakken llan wiya saggaden-ten.\nPhillipe Hamon isummer-d (propos) azal n setta (06) tulmisin, isahlen mai\ni ussebeggen d ussuggem n yiwudam la sab n wacu xeddmen d wamek i dttbanen deg ullis:\n1- Amgared di ifat (La qualification diffrentielle): Tena tamagant d\ntsmekta n ifat i swacu yettwassen yis-sent uwadem am uglam n tfekka-s,\ntanefsit d tmetti-is\n2- Amgared di twuri (La fonction diffrentielle) : Ur teni ara kan tilin n\nuwadem deg tekayt lamena d tawuri-ines deg wayen ixeddem.\n3- Amgared deg Beu (La distribution diffrentielle): Tena tastratigit n\nbeu n yiwudam yal wa d acu n umkan ideg i t-id-yebdar umsawel, am tnezdut\nn uwadem ama yeqreb ne yebed.\n4- Tafulmanit yemgarden (L' autonomie diffrentielle): la sab tilin n\nuwadem d wayen ixeddem, i tittean ad yemgared ef wiya.\n5- La pr-dsignation conventionnelle: D abgan n lila ne tiddas n wayen\n6- Le commentaire explicite: Adewni i yeggar umsawal gar iwudam.\nRnu er tulmisin-agi, Phillipe Hamon yeba iwudam ef tlat (03) n\nACHOUR, (C.) & REZZOU, (S.), Introduction la lecture du littraire, Ed O.P.O, 2005, Alger, PP 200-201.\nLes personnages portent habituellementune tente motionnelle (...) Attire les sympathies du lecteur pour\ncertains dautres eux et sa rpulsion pour certain immanquablement sa participation motionnelle aux\nvnements expose et son enterait pour le sort de hros .\na) Iwudam imseluyen (personnages- rfrentiels): D iwudam yellan deg\numezruy ne d wid i d-yetteddun deg tumgizin.\nb) Iwudam yettkemmilen er zdad (personnages- embrayeurs) : D iwudam i\nd-yeskanayen tilin (prsence) n umaru, n umeri, ne assa yellan gar-sen, d\niwudam de porte-parole.\nc) I wudam n tazwara (personnages- anaphores) : D iwudam i d-yettbanen s\nsin wudmawen, llan iwudam n tidet yesan assa d tillawt, wiya d wid i dyesnulfa walla n umsawal.\nAwadem yesa tamlilt deg ullis, ef waya ma nemmesla-d ef twuri n\nyiwudam, ad nemmeslay ef yiwet n tezrewt s wazal-is i yexdem Greimas\nyettwasnen s waas, d tazrewt yenan iwudam d tigawin deg tmucuha, imi\nyessawe ad yini d akken timucuha akken ma llant sant yiwet n tessa, as\nakken mgaradent deg tezi, maca dduklen-t deg yiwet n taggayt n yimigawen\n(les actants), d tagejdant i yal takkerrist. Ihi ifren-d aris n tsemlilin n wid\nixedmen tigawin, ittekin deg ullis, awal ef tezrewt n Greimas maca seg tamnnte ad nere ad nefk yimigawen id yettilin deg ullis\n. D wamek i yessawe\nGreimas ad yessuffe ayen i wumi isemma azenzi amesgan, aya-agi s umata d\nayen ara ad yilin s telqayt.\n1.7.2. Azenzi amesgan*\nD lqaleb aessay i d-yewwi Greimas akken ad d-yessefhem tigawin n\nyiwudam d wamek uddsent tneqqisin. Azenzi-a, yebna ef setta (06) n\nyiferdisen. Iferdisen-a, qqnen d tiyuga, yal yiwent temgarad d waye:\namsifa/anermas, amegay/taawsa, amalal/amnamar(2).\nREUTER, (Y.), Op cit, PP 44-45.\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, P 43.\nTurda ne takti n Greimas i tikelt tamenzut, tella-d ef teslet n 31 twuriwin\ntisewlanin i yexdem Propp, yessawe ad tent-id-yessuffe s tualin-ines er\ntigawin n yiwudam, yeseb d akken timucuha n timensayin n Russe ttwabnan-t\nef yiwen n laleb yesan seba (07) n yimesgan , yusa-d Greimas yetbe\ntarrayt-agi n Propp yessuffe-d seg setta (06) n yimesgan i yualen d tarrayt\nyucaen s waas di teslet n wungalen, ullisen d tmucuha(1).\nD tamirant i d-issekcem Greimas di teslet n tunqqist. Amsag* immal-d\ntawuri n umigaw (acteur) di tekayt, d ayen ixeddem umigaw, ne d ayen i asxeddmen. Tawuri-agi, teqqen er enf n tigawt n umigaw: yal enf ittak-d\nAmsag di tmuli n Greimas d ayen akk ixeddmen tawuri, yezmer ad yili d\namdan, d aersiw (d aqjun, d itbir, d inisi...) ne d taawsa (d tigi, d au, d\nasif...), yezmer ad yili dien d ayen yellan di tillawt (amdan, aersiw, taawsa),\nakken yezmer ad yili d ayen i d-yesnulfa walla n bnadem ( awazen, tteryel,\namar azemni, talafsa, mm-seba iqerray...) ne d afray (d aulfu am tayri,\ntismin, lfer, lqer...)(2).\nS umata amsag d ayen akk yesnernayen tanqqist d unamek n tekayt s\ntigawin n yimigawen. Di teslet-ines, yekkes-d Greimas setta (06) lenaf n\nyimesgan: Amsifa, anermas, taawsa, amgay, amnamar d umalal(3). Tin yernan\ner-s Greimas yeba imesgan- agi ef tlata n tgellas tesseddasiyin (trois axes\n- Sujet vs Objet (modalits de vouloir)\nCAVAZZA, (M.), Narratologie et smantique: Pour une rfondation interprtative, Teesside University,\nSchool of Computing, TS1 3BA Middlesbrough, United Kingdom, P 04.\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, P 30\nHttp:// www.Fabula.org. Quelques dfinitions. consult le 14/03/2013 9h30.\nACHOUR, (C.), & REZZOUG, (S.), Convergences critiques, Alger, OPU, P 183.\n- Adjuvant vs Opposant (modalit de pouvoir)\n- Destinateur vs Destinateur (modalit de savoir)\nDi tmuli n Greimas, yiwen n umigaw, yezmer ad itekki di sin n yimesgan\nabeda ma llan-t snat n tekayin di tneqqist, akken dien zemren ad ilin sin n\nyimigawen ne ugar deg yiwen n umsag. Ma nezzi-d awal ef lemani d\nyinumak n yimesgan-agi, d acu-ten ad naf aas n tbadutin i d-yettwaxedmen fellasen ad nebder gar-asent tid i d-yefka Muend Akli Sali d wiya :\nDeg uzenzi asimyutiki n Greimas, amsifa* d win i yessuturen i umegay\nad as-d-yawi ayen (taawsa) ara yekksen lexsas ideg yella unermas (1).\nDeg uzenzi asimyutiki n Greimas, anermas* d awadem i wumi d-ttawin\ntaawsa akken ad yettwakkes fell-as lexsas (lexsas-a, yettban-d deg tazwara n\ntmacahut). Yezmer ad yili unermas d netta i d amsifa (d netta ara d-yessutren\ntaawsa i yiman-is), akken yezmer ad yili d waye (d awaden nnien)(2).\nD aferdis deg uzenzi amesgan n Greimas, taawsa* d ayen issefk ad d-yawi\numgay i umsifa, ef wawal-agi n tawsa i tebna tekayt n tmacahut, ma yella\ndeg ungal tezmer ad tili tewsa d ayen nnien, as akken mi d tinna akken i\nyelaq ad t-id-yawi i umsifa, lamena kif kif d ancad ef wayen yeba uwadem\nam unadi ef tleli, tmagit,....\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, P 35\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, P 35.\nD awadem i yefren umsifa akken ad d-yawi ayen (taawsa) ixussen anermas\n(lexsas-a yettili-d deg tazwara n tmacahut). Ma yella yessawe umegay ad\nieddi i wuguren (tigawin n umnamar ne imnumar) i d-yemmuger mi yettnadi\ntaawsa atan d netta ara yualen d asa n tekayt(1).\nDeg uzenzi asimyutiki n Greimas, amnamar* d awadem i d-izeggen d ugur i\nwin yettnadin (amegay) ef tawsa; yezmer ad yili uwadem-a ula d netta yeba\nad yessiwe ad d-yawi taawsa swayes yeme ad iellet (adrim, lekem,\nzzwa, atg.). Yezmer dien ad yili umnamar d aekkur kan deg ubrid n umegayasa deg unadi-ines ef tawsa (lmena-s, ur d-yecli umnamar deg tawsa);\nakken yezmer ad yili d ayen ur nesi rru (tigi, asif, adrar, atg.)(2).\nDeg uzenzi asimyutiki n Greimas, amalal* d awadem i yettawanen\namegay (ne amegay-asa) deg unadi n kra (tawsa). Yettawan-it ama s\nyisallen i as-yettmuddu i wasa ama s uwessi. Amalal, yezmer ad yili d ayen\nyesan rru (amdan, aersiw) ne d ayen ur nesi rru (asigna, abla, tiziri,\nIdem, P 26\nSALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, P 28\nAzenzi amesgan ( Schma actanctiel )\nS umata, ttwabnan yimesgan-agi d azenzi ilmend n wassaen yellan gar-asen.\nS wayen akk i d-nebder yettban-a-d s ttbut tuget n yiferdisen n tsiwelt, di\ntaggara n yixef-agi nezmer ad d-nini belli iferdisen-agi i ef irea yal ullis, ad\nbanen akken iwata ixef i d-iteddun ideg ara ad nwali amek i d-tella tsiwelt deg\nungal Inig Aneggaru n Brahim TAZAART? D acu-ten iferdisen i d-yeddan\ndeg-s, d wanwi ur d-neddi ara?\nIxef wis reba\nTaslet n wungal Inig Aneggaru\nIxef wis reba: Taslet n wungal Inig Aneggaru\nMbed awal i d-newwi deg yixfawen ieddan, deg ixef-a, nare ad\nnexdem taslet i wungal Inig Aneggaru , ad nseqdec tiri tasiwlant i ef dnemmeslay, s unamek n telet taseklant d wamek i d-tella deg ungal-a, ideg\nara ad d-nefk ayen i d-yeddan deg ungal n yiferdisen n tsiwelt s teslet\ntalqayant ef lasab n wayen yezdin irisen n wungal yura Brahim TAZAART.\nTarrayt n teslet i wungal Inig Aneggaru, neba-tt ef sin yericen.\nAmbad tauri-nne talqayant i wungal, iban-a-d amek i tezmer tekayt ad\ntili deg tilawt ef lasab n wamek itt-yettidir wemdan deg tudert-is n yal-ass,\nam zzwa n tmara d twenziwin, tamsalt n umezruy, tagrawla, tutlayt d tnalit,\ntamazit, tamsalt n wansayen d lawayed, tamsalt n tayri d yinig ...atg. D\ntimsal-a akk i ef yebna umaru Brahim TAZAART ungal-ines. Maca, llant degsent tid ideg yessuget awal, tiya d abdar kan, aya-agi mebla cekk d ayen\nyellan di tilawt, awal n umaru seg tira-ines yettara imeri ad yeddu yid-s wa ad\niulfu s yiwudam n wungal, imeri mi ara ad ier i Tziri d wid akk marra itticuban, yal yiwen seg-sen ad iulfu yis-s, acku ad d-yaf iman-is deg wayen\nakken i d-qqaren.\nMaca seg tama, yettili-d umgired-ines ef tsiwelt, amek itt-id-yules\numaru, ef waya i nere ad nexdem taslet i weric n tekayt d weric n\ntsiwelt wa ad d-nseddu amgired-a i yeban ta ef taye.\n1. Aric n tekayt\nIwakken ad negzu aric-a, nere ad nekkes i tazwara ayen icudden er\ntessa n wullis d tmiranin-ines tigejdanin, am tugzimin yezdin ungal s tezi\nn yineruyen d tiggawin-ines. Nenna-d yakan, tugzimt d amsefer n tedyanin\nta deffir ta, yal taggara n tugzimt tleddi-d tazwara i tin i d-iteddun, tezmer ad\ntili meeyyet am wakken i tezmer ad tili ezziffet. S yin akkin ad neddi er\ntukksa n tkerrist, ne tikerras icudden ineruyen n wungal-a, er tagara ad\nnessemres azenzi imsemmes i d-yettaken tugna yiwudam ef xemsa (05)\nyiswiren-a: Addad n tazwara, aferis n urway, taneflit n tedyanin, aferis n\nureqe d waddad n taggara.\nDi turi-nne i wungal Inig Aneggaru , nessawe ad nessuffe aas n\ntugzimin tigejdanin i d-yeddan deg-s, imi ungal-a n Brahim TAZAART gar\nwungalen i iezzifen s waas, yessawe er mitin utmanya ussebin n yisebtar\n(278), yeba-ten umaru ef xemsa (05) n yiricen, aya-agi yegla-d s unnerni n\nyineruyen d wuguren. Rnu er-s tugzimin-a neba-tent d tiktiwin i ef\nyettwabna wungal, yerna newwi-tent-id ef lesab n wamek zemrent ad ilint\ndeg tilawt d wamek zemrent ad msefarent deg tekayt, mai akken i ten-idyeka deg tsiwelt.\nIhi llant-d s wakka s kra n yimedyaten anda tebda yal tugzimt d wanda\nTugzimt 01: Timlilit n Tziri d Maysa deg yelil n Ticci ( Bgayet).\n[Nekk akked Tziri, ur nemyussan uqbel timlilit-nte deg teflist n Ticci, Tiziri n tezmalt,\nnekk d taqesriwt.... akken axir, ula d nekk nwi ad kem-steqsi amek temlale Yuba,\namek it-tessne]. PP 27-32\nTugzimt 02: tayri yezdin Tiziri d yuba ef tezi n setta iseggasen(06).\n[Ussan-nni lli qqare deg tesnawit Muemmed Buyaf deg temdint n tezmalt... Akka i\nnemlal nekk d yuba, i tebda teqsit n tayri i -yezdin setta n yiseggasen]. PP 33-42\nTugzimt 03: Si Sliman yugin nesba n Yuba, ssebba n waya ayen yeran garas d ela yemma-s n Yuba.\n[Ur zmire ad k-nasbe a Yuba a mmi! D awezi ad ak-fke Tiziri... Ur as-rri awal.\nSerse tayennat n tilifun ]. PP 53-84\nTugzimt 04: Inig n Yuba er tmurt n Fransa, d tualin-ines er tmurt\n[Mxemmame: d ayen, d rrwa, d inig er tmurt taberranit... Ddan yimeawen d\nimayanen ef lenak-iw. Iedda-d wudem n Tziri gar wallen-iw tizeggain]. PP 89-94\nTugzimt 05: Dda Belqasem amdakel n Si Sliman ieren ad isemlil Tiziri d\n[Nekkni d imraben a Belqasem, tawacult-nne ar ass-a n wussan teef deg\nlawayed... mi ara ad tawe er Fransa, eddi er 18 yam, ru wali Yidir At Meqqran.\nD netta kan i izemren ad as-ibeddel rray. Nnig-s akkin, ulac a mmi, ulac !]. PP 124-133\nTugzimt 06: Timlilit n Yuba d Dda yidir deg Yam (Fransa).\n[Azul a Dda Yidir. Nekk d Yuba , mmi-s n Meyan At mellul i as-nni... Mbed\nimeslayen-nni, ur d-teqqim tuzzya d tuna] . PP 144- 159\nTugzimt 07: Yuba d Tziri i d-ibanen d atmaten, seg wassa-nni gar ela d\n[Xedme-tt diri-tt ass-a, xedme-tt d tafuant, Sliman At Snus erqen-as imeslayen...\nFki tezdeg-iw fell-ak a Meyan ssamse ise-iw akken ad sirde aar-ik yekkawen].\nTugzimt 08: Lmut n ela, imi tesla s lamala n Yuba i Tziri.\n[Teli Nna ela d tamuint, deg lhedda, sin wussan ur tekkir, ur tei... kkawen\nyimeslayen ef yicenfiren-is yeqquren. Yedda rru-is]. PP 165-167\nTugzimt 09: Lerwa n Yuba er Fransa mebla tualin d zzwa-ines d Inas\n[Lerba am trewla , tessemna bab-is. Tazla i d wass deg yiberdan n Lparis tessettuy\nula d ttaxmim... Ldi tawwurt, kki amnar er berra. Am twenza iteddun ad temmager\ntira-s ]. PP 175- 181\nTugzimt 10: Timlilit n Tziri d Mehdi d zzwa-nsen\n[Tilemit yeffen, tewwi yid-s alla-iw, tea-yi-d lexyal-is ad iyi-izde... kri taariwt\nd tameyant nezde-itt deg sin am tyuga n yitbiren]. PP 213- 238\nTugzimt 11: Asirem n Tziri, d inig er Fransa\n[Awal n Tziri itezzi anagar ef yinig er Fransa... Bi ad rue, ad bedle tamurt, ad\nbedle tirga, ad bedle taglimt am nekk am tid mi d-tesa ddunit ] . PP 240-245\nTugzimt 12: Tiziri d Mehdi deg unafag ebban Reman, gar lewa d\n[Nehte. Qerbe er Tziri, sume-tt deg tayet nni-as: Kker, kker d lawan ad\ntrue...Wexxre allen-iw ef tmeut-iw. Ur bi ad wali mi ara tt-tewes tewwurt i\nlebda ] . PP 246-249\nTugzimt 13: Lmut n Tziri ef ixef n temsrifegt, ur tewwi ur teqqim\n[Ierer n unafag ilebbu d laci. Yeur d ayen kan, ibulisen refden sla, fen\ntiemmar... Tiziri tbed, temmuqel deg temdint n Marsay am tin yettraun; amzun\nwerin twala tafat deg wassen d-tlul]. PP 266-275\nAm wakken itt-id-nebder deg yixef i ieddan, d acuddu n yineruyen war\ngar-asen, tikwal yettifsus ucuddu-a, tikwal yettiwir, ma nerra tamuli er\nyineruyen i d-yeddan deg ungal-a n Brahim TAZAART ad naf ugtent, yal\ntakerrist tettili-d d ssebba i tlalit n tkerrist nnien, wagi d yiwen seg lenaf n\ntkerras i d-nebder d takerrist tasemlalt (lintrigue complexe) i d-yettemmal aas n\ntkerras mcudent gar-asen, anda imeri wad-s yezmer ad yedbe akk tiqiin\nn yiwudam ef wakken lleunt, enf-agi d win yugten deg ungal-a Inig\nTakkeris tamenzut deg ungal-a, tebda-d seg wass-nni i d-yussa Yuba er\nubabat n Tziri Si Sliman iwakken ad yeleb nessba-as, as akken Yuba yella d\nmmi-s n umdakkul-is Meyan, ziz fell-as, lamana mai s nessba, netta yezga\nyettaf-d sebba belli imi d imraben illan ur issefk ara ad iteddi ef lawayed n\nlejdud-is, ad yefk yelli-s i leqbayel, maca Si Sliman deg ul-is yesa belli mai d\ntagi i d ssebba, lammer d aya kan tili ad yesma wa ad yeez lawayed-ines,\nlamena tamsalt d ayen nnien amek ara ad yefk yelli-s i mmi-s, d awezi.\nYuba yeef deg wawal-is, d Tiziri mulac ala, aya-agi d ayen i d-yeglan s\nlmut n ela, yemma-s n Yuba, imi ula d nettat ur teqbil ad yeru zzwa-agi\ngar-asen. Yuba yeggra-d d awid, iuhed rebbi ad yunag er Fransa mebla\nTaluft n Tziri ur nesi tifrat, assa-ines d yimawlan-ines yenes, terna\nlmana n Yuba itt-id-yean deg wafrasen.\nZzwa n Tziri d Mehdi d zzwa n tmara, d tudert n bessif, asirem-ines d\ninig er wanda yella Yuba, as akken tewwe er wayen teba, terkeb\ntamsrifegt er Lparis, maca ur tewwe er din ur teqqim da, inig n Tziri d\nssebba n lmut-ines.\n1.3. Azenzi imsemmes:\nNessawe seg tugzimin d tkerras i d-nessuffe seg wungal-a, ad neg\ntidyanin n yineruyen-ines deg uzenzi-agi:\nAddad n tazwara:\nDi tegnit n tazwara, amaru yefka-d yiwet n tmuli ef tudert n Tiziri d\nYuba i yellan d issenawiyen wwin-d l BAk kecmen er tsedawit. Mehdi dien d\naseddawi iemmel Nayla, akken akk ttidiren ussan n tayri d zehu d twaculinnsen, a lada baba-s n Tziri, iuzzi-tt s waas tufrar-d ef waltma-s.\nAddad n urway:\nLefraq i d-yelin gar Tziri d Yuba imi nettat tefruri-d seg twacult n\nyimraben, yettwaerrem fell-as zzwa d uqbayli, rnu er-s tamsal n wassa\nyezdin baba-s n Tziri d yemma-s n Yuba. Lefraq nnien yella-d gar Mehdi d\nNyla imi nettat d tarabt, netta d aqbayli.\nTaneflit n tedyanin:\nYettban-d deg lmut n ela, i d-yeglan s lerwa n Yuba er tmurt n\nFransa mebla tualin, d tuya-ines i Tziri.\nAferis n ureqe:\nYettban-d ureqe deg zzwa n Tziri d Mehdi, imi til ahat ad ifak latab-is,\nwa ad tezueg tudert-ines.\nAddad n taggara:\nYella-d deg lefraq n Tziri d wergaz-is Mehdi , d yinig-ines i d-yessegran\nlmut-is ef wakal n tmurt n medden (Fransa).\nMa nessegza-t-id s uzenzi-a ad yili s wakka:\nn Addad n urway\nn Beu i d-yelin Lmut\nd gar yilmeyen-a, ela d ying yezdin gar Tiziri Mehdi, d lmut-\nn Zzwa n tmara lefraq n Tziri d\nnsen sseba-s d tufa n Yuba er d Medi.\nines deg yinig.\ntseddawit, deg lawayed d Fransa.\nlahna, asirem d wansayen\n2. Aric n tsiwelt\nDi teslet yerzan aric n tsiwelt ad nere seg tama-nne, ad d-nesle\niferdisen igejdan i d-yeddan deg yixef ieddan ef tiri n tsiwelt deg ungal\nInig Aneggaru, ad d-nwali aselu n umsawal i yineruyen, d acu-ten\nyiferdisen ief yettkel deg wallus-ines. Di tazwara, yesfk ad ner tala i\nyessexdem umaru di tsiwelt, s yin ad ner amsawal d acu n ifa i s wacu i dyettban (d agensay, d aniri ne d awadem). Am wakken seg tama nnien ad\nnsele ayen id d-yettbeginen afras n wakud d wadeg n tsiwelt d axel n wungal,\ns yin ad neddi er tukksa n tfukkas n tsiwelt i yerzan iswiren-ines d uselu n\nwakud n tsiwelt am tiremt, tirurda, timezgit, amsefer (tamuli er zdad /\ntualin er deffir),....atg.\n2.1. Seg tama n tala\nTala n tsiwelt ef wakken i d-tusa deg ungal-a temxalaf ef wungalen\nnnien, tikelt-agi tettwabeddel aas tira n wungal, amaru Brahim TAZAART\ndeg usiwel-ines yettban-d am wakken mai d netta i yesseluyen iwudam, yal\nwa s yisem-ines, yefka-asen tilelli ad lun akken i d-asen-yehwa, d nutni i diekkun ef wayen iten-yuen d wayen iten-icuben, yal wa yefka-as tagnit ad\nisenfali ef tektiwin d yiulfan-ines s timad-is. ef waya i d-tusa tala n tsiwelt\ns tala tis snat s umatar n win yettmeslayen Nekk....(), ama d Tiziri i dyettmeslayen ef iman-is ne d Yuba, Si Sliman , Dda Belqasem, Mehdi....atg.\nMa nere ad d-neddem kra seg yimedyaten i d-yeddan deg yirisen n\nwungal-a ad naf:\nTiziri:Nekk d urgaz-iw nekka-d si Tezmalt, d abrid er unafag ebban Reman.\nTamesrifegt Bewwing 737 n tkebbanit Air Algrie ideg ara nerkeb ad teqle ef\nlecra....atg. P 07\nDi tefyyert nnien: Sli s rrwa n Yuba er Fransa. Mlelli, rgagint tgecrariw..., yekkaw rru-iw, ikcem-iyi ufray werin sne-t uqbel. P 95\nMehdi: Serse amis ef abla. Ddme-d agirru, ssae-t, jebde sin\nijebbiden...Uki s wul-iw yerfi, yettniif am uad tuza tyita n tefist.. P 14\nSi Sliman: Ansa ara kke i taluft-a? Amek ara as-afe tifrat? D wussan izerrin,\ntettcuddu trennu, tkerres teqar mazal. P 79\nDi tefyyert nnien: Mi fe seg texxamt n yelli, ddi er texxamt n\nyinebgawen, kse iebbaen-iw, sere i tfekka-w ef ufutay, zzre deg ttxamim . P 79\nYuba: Udre-d seg wussu. Mi bedde deg terert, ulfa s tfekka-w\ntettergigi,...., ul-iw yettelwiwi. Lwec yettmurud deg yiuran-iw .P 89\nMala: (yemma-s n Tziri): Mi yeffe urgaz-iw seg texxamt, uzle er yelli . Mi\nttwala deg ussu, imeawen xenqen-tt, yeffe-iyi leqel, li ur-s ence-tt er\nyidmaren-iw. P 72\nBelqasem (amdakel n Si Sliman): Di srid er lqehwa n Tejnant. Mi wala\nYuba yeqqim er abla, yeqqar amis, ebse tikli ddubzen yiaren-iw...... P 131\nS umata, wigi d kra kan n yimedyaten i d-nekkes s tala-agi, maca tasiwelt\nn wungal-a akken ma tella tettwabna fell-as.\nDeg ubruy-agi da, yenan amsawal ne amaru n wungal, imi amsawal d\nwin i d-yessawalen (i d-iekkun) takayt (deg uris n tsiwelt), deg uric-a n\nteslet ad d-nwali assa gar umsawal d tekayt i d-iekku, d acu n wudem i\ndeg-s yettban-d deg wallus n tekayt-a.\nMa nsik tamuli er wungal, ad naf amsawal yefka aas n litte i yiwudam\ni wakken ad dren tudert-nsen akken i ttwalan nutni, mai akken i tt-yettwali\numaru i tt-id-yeka, amsawal deg tsiwelt n wungal-a mai d netta i yesselan\niwudam, yefka-asen tilelli ad lun akken i d-asen-yehwa, da ula d taggara\namek ifuk akk wungal, ad nesu belli amaru n wungal-a amzun akkenni ur\nyelli d awadem ur d-iban, as akken yera akk ayen yellan deg tekayt, ayen\nyessen, d wayen yera, yugar ayen ssnen d wayen ran yiwudam, yettikki mli\ndeg tekayt i d-iekku, iwala yal taawsa ama mezziyet ama meqqret, maca ur\nd-ibeggen ara iman-is, d iwudam d nutni i yesselan tudert-nsen d nutni i dyekan tiqiin-nsen, d nutni i yuran ungal-a, amaru yella kan d ssebba.\nAmaru yerra yal awadem d netta i d Ssulan, d netta ara i d-ikkun ef\nyiman-is, ulac win ara ad yekun ef waye yal wa yemmal tiktiwi-ines, ad\ntaffe ef yiwet n tawsa, ad ilin sin iwudam yal yiwen amek itt-ittwali, mebla\nma yegga-d iman-is amaru yuran, ne winna i d-iekkun, gar Tziri d Mysa, gar\nYuba d Mehdi, gar Si Belqasem d ubabat n Tziri, yal wa amek yettwali:\ntagrawla, amezruy, tamazit, taqbaylit, tayri, inig, lewayed, ansayen, da\namzun akkenni d askasi ef tlufa n ddunit zdaxel n yiwen n wungal.\nAya-agi s umata d ayen i wumi ssemman imarayen n tsiwelt Amsawal\naniri, Amaru Brahim TAZAART gar wid id d-yerran amynut i tira n wungal,\nimi yefka i yiwudam tilelli talqayant i usenfali yal wa s yisem-ines, d ayemmi\nur d-iban ara netta deg wayen i d-yules. D ayen i wumi isemma netta s timadines asmi i d-yettware er yiwet n tedwilt (Emission) deg umaaf wis sin (la\nchaine 2), isemma-s (la democratisation de lecriture).\nMa yella d lenaf nnien icudden er umsawal, d agensay ne d awadem,\nur d-banen ara deg tsiwelt n umaru.\nMa nezzi tamuli er twuri n umaru deg wungal-a, ad tt-naf seg tama, d\ntawuri n testimoniale, imi yettara ad issebggen tidet n tekayt i d-yettales,\nineruyen yeran d ayen yettidir umdan, d tilufa n ddunit daxel n yiwen n\nwungal, wagi aha-t d iswi-ines mi yettaru ungal. Seg tama nnien d tawuri\ntasnaktant, imi deg wacal n tikal igezzem takayt-is s usefhem n kra n temsal,\naya d ayen yugten s waas, gtent temsal i d-isedda deg ungal-a am:\nTemsalt n umezruy\nD Tziri i d-iekkun i Maysa\nYuba II..., d isem n ugellid amazi amusnaw i ilulen deg useggas 52 uqbel talalit\nn Sidna, yemmuten aseggas ambed talalit-is. Tamanat n tgelda d cercal. Ass-n yual\nd agellid, yesa di lemmr-is 33 n yiseggasen. 6 n yiseggasen mbed, yezwe d\nKilyupatre Silini.... Tura, ssawalen-as medden: Taqubet n tmasiit. P 36\nTemsalt n yidles\nMa neddem-d deg umedya ad naf Mehdi i d-iekku i Nayla ef temsalt-a\nAkka i d idles, aas i yellan ducrik deg-s gar yigduden, as ulamma deg\ntmeslayen. Llant tmucuha, ekkunt-tent deg yal tama deg ddunit. Lan yinzan, d\nalsanen, mai n yiwen uref. Yerna.... Ur qbilen adabu-s ef yiqerray-nsen. P 22\nTamsalt n tegrawla\nSi Sliman yemmesla-d ef kra n yineruyen yedder umdan di tallit n\ntegrawla, acku d argaz yessawen 60 iseggasen di lemer-is, gar wid yeddren\ntallit-a n tegrawla yeqqar-d:\nSeg limir Xaled, er Itri n tefriqt ugafa, almi d 1954, izzayriyen zgan ttnadin ef\nyizerfan-nsen wudem aserti.....Deg unejmu n 1936, yeran deg Bilkur, deg tmanat,\niban-d rray-nnien, win n ukabar azzayri, s yiles n Messali La yenna, ulac ayen ara\nyeqbel ugdud angar n timunent. P 56\nDda Belqasem deg wawal-is:\nMi tendeh tegrawla n 1954, bdan yirgasen ttansaren s adrar...... P 14\nTamsalt n tnalit d tutlayt\nMehdi deg wawal-is:\nAss-n ara d-kren yimdanen deg elfa,deg Sidi Belebbas, deg ennaba ad inin\ntamazit ad tili d tutlayt tunibt di tmurt, acku d tazzayrit, yerna llan izzayriyen\nam nekkni i tt-yesseqdacen deg kra yellan. P 21\nTamsalt n tmetti d yiublan-is\n- Tamsalt n yinig\nlerba akka, rreb-is yettas-d s lexsara....yura rrwa deg twenziwin-nne, yura\nunejli deg uqqeru, anejli er tmura, er tmeslayin, ef yiman-nne. P 90\n- Tamsalt n tudert\na) Iulfan d wafrayen\nMebla awal, gre-as ialen, teme-iyi...tessers-d taqqeruyt-is ef yidmaren-iw,\ntettru, tettnehit...sli i wul-is ma yekkat deg yidmaren-iw\nb) Lewayed d wansayen\nS yiles n Maysa yettmeslayen i Tziri ef izerfan n tmetut, imi tella gar tid\nyettnaaen deg tidukla n tlawin Tiri n tmeut teqqar-as:\nIlaq ad ner belli zzwa n tmeut deg tmetti-nne yeqqen er warrac ara dtarew, acku ma ur ten-id-tesi, rennun-d fell-as ne tberru P30.\n2.3. Taslet n tallunt d wakud\nTaslet n tallunt\nNwala deg uric n teri tallunt, d yiwen n uferis agejdan yesan azal di\nlebni n tekayt n wungal akked d wullis s umata. Imeri n wungal Inig\nAneggaru, di tazwara ad yenwu belli taqit tera-d aca deg kra n yimukan\nKan, iwumi yefka umsawal amur d ameqqran n wazal i yineruyen i d-yellan\ndeg yimukan-a, am tesnawit, taseddawit, taddart, ellilatg. Maca er taggara\nad yaf belli ineruyen llan-d di yal tama, si mal ttnernin ineruyen simal\nttiwsien idigan ideg d-rant tedyanin, anda yeffe akkin i tmurt, yewwe er\nFransa, Isanbul tamurt n Turk, Tunesatg.\nIwudam deg uferri qqnen er wadeg. Azal-is, deg uris, am win n\nuwadem, ne ahad ugar, ismawen n yimedqan i d-yebder umsawal deg ungal\nInig Aneggaru, ttwehin akken ma llan er temsal akk i ef yettwabna.\nImedqan-agi llan wid iceben , fsan, teueg deg-sen tmeddurt, llan wiya\ntettenquqel deg-sen tmeddurt, yerna llan wid ur yesuqet ara fell-asen aglam\ndeg uris am unafag d ayen mi it-id-yebder kan deg tazwara d taggara n wugal\nD axel, anafag yeur d laci , wa iteddu wa ibedd, wa yettrau ad yerkeb er\ntemsrifegt ara iruen er tamanat....P 8\n:Ierer n unafag ilebbu d laci, yeur dayen kan. Ibulisen refden sla, fen\ntiemmar. P 266 .\nLlan imeqan wiyya yessuget deg uglam-nsen am yilel, tamdint n\nBgayet, tazmalt, axxam n Si Sliman...\nTicci, i wid ur tt-nessin, tezga-d er tama usamer n temdint n Bgayet, ne\nSalda s yisem-is aumani, tebed fell-as s wazal n 20 ikilumiren. Tecba, emmlen-tt\nwid i rran Tukksa n lxiq. P 27\nCbaa n Bgayet d ayen ur yettektili umdan, tfaz, tzad, tawa acal d anaur,\namedyaz d ufalsafi P 176\nRnu er-s simmal ttaen yiwudam, tefen berra i tmurt, er Faransa,\nIsanbul, Tunes...simmal yettxa uglam-nsen\nAssa yezdin awadem d wadeg meqqer, iwudam teqqen tudert-nsen er\ntmurt, am Tziri tettifsus tnefsit-ines mi ara ad tili ef cce n yilel, deg-s i\ntemaray ibaln-is, yettnecra lxaer-is, tesizdig-d ul-is seg lemala-s. Yuba\ndien mi i d-yusa seg Fransa akken kan i d-yekcem tamurt n lezzayer yefra,\nMi wala tamdint n Bgayet, yekkes-yi uqra n uqerruy, ter n yisan-iw. Ukint\nwallen-iw, ndekwalen wafrayen-iw, teurec tfekka-w. P 110\nYal amdiq s twuri-ines, yal adeg d acu n tiggawt i d-slalayen i cbaa n\nuris, yal aferis i t-ibennun, ama d isem-is, ama d aglam-is, ysenfalay-d\nisental n wungal, d ayemmi i d-nufa ungal Inig Aneggaru n Brahim\nTAZAART, ur iessa ara ef yiwent n tallunt kan, tettbedil, mai d yiwen n\nwemkan ne sin i d-yebder umaru, deg waas n tikal, yiwen n uwadem\nyettabdar-it-id da, dihin, anda ma yella, d ayen yeran di teqidt n Yuba,\nyettabdar-it-id tikwal di Fransa tikwal di tmurt.\nAmsawal yefka azal d ameqran i tallunt, anda i errunt tedyanin, acku\nadeg d netta i d-yeskanen deg waas n tegnatin, amek igga uwadem.\nAd nere ad tent-id-nebder akin wakka, s kra n yimedyaten ef lasab n\nwid i ur yerra umaru lwelha-s s waas d wazal-nsen deg tekayt, anda degsen i d-rant tuget n tedyanin ad naf:\n-Tasnawit d tseddawit: Ineruyen id yebder umsawal deg idigan-a, d\nineruyen ef wasmi tella tziri d yuba qqaren deg tsennawit, mi id d-wwin l\nBAC kemlen leqraya di tseddawit, tin yernan er-s ibedr-d ula d ismawen d\ntseddawin am tseddawit n Setif anda yeqra Mehdi d Nayla.\n-Taddart: Deg ungal-a ad naf tuget n tedyanin rant deg yiwet n taddart seg\ntuddar n tmurt n leqbayel di Bgayet, d taddart n tazmalt, imi tuget n yiwudam\nef akken iten-id yebder umsawal ttidiren deg taddart-a am twacult n Si\n-Illel n Ticci: D adeg anda temlal Maysa d Tziri, din seddant ussan n\nyimuras-nsent yerna aas n yineruyen id yeran din.\n-Anafag ebban Reman: D adeg i yis-s id yebda umsawal tasiwelt-ines,\nibder-d tilin n Tziri d Mehdi deg unafag, ma yella di tagar n wungal yeal-d\ner-s s weglam n yineruyen id yeran din, mi terkeb Tziri tamesrifegt, d\ntemlili-ines i tikelt tis snat d Nayla.\n- Axxam n Si Sliman: Gten yineruyen id yettwalsen deg-s, yerna yettaglamd ula ayen yellan d axel uxxam.\nDeg uxxam amellal bu sin wanagen, bede sdat n twwurt n texxamt. P 53\nIqeed Sliman tafekka-s tafuyant ef ufutay n uglim,...ef abla tawezlant, tella s\nniwa n nnass, ires fell-as uyefki, lqehwa, ifenalen, taefsit n lau,....er tama n\ntwwurt, tella abla n wui....Tilri tres di tlemmast ...ef li, llant snat n twelfin,\nyiwet n Sliman d wat uxxam-is, taye n baba-s, Si Sadi At Senus. P 124\nMa yella tallunt id d-yettwabderen kan mebla ma yestuqet umsawal fellasen asiwel ne wid i deg ur d rint deg-sen t aas n tedyanin am:\n-Istanbul: Amsawal ur yeqqim ara deg yiwen n wadeg yeffe akkin i Tezmalt,\ni tmurt n lezzayer s umata, yewwe ula er tmura n lberrani, yemesla-d ef\nwussan n umaris tesedda Tziri d Medi, ambed zzwa-nsen deg Isanbul,\nibder-d ula d isem n usnusu( hotel) am asensu Magara Palas d yimukan n\numsuu ( rstaurant) am Antique Turquie, rnu er-s imedqan am Bayazit, la place\n-Lqehwa n Dda yidir: D aen ineruyen n wungal fen akkin wwen er\ntmurt n Lparis, tagi d yiwet n lqahwa id yezgan deg 18 Yam di tmurt n fransa,\nyettwabder-d mi iru Yuba er Dda yidir bab n lehwa, yesderdec akka yid-s\nkar n wawal et wassa-is d Si sliman.\n-Tunes: D adeg id yebder umsawal, asmi tru Tziri d gma-s Menna-d\niwakken ad saddin kra n wussan din, yerna aas n yimukan akka yettwasnen\ndi Tunes am: Le Boulevaird Bourguiba, Anafag Qera, asensu Tafriqt\nTaslet n wakud\nDeg wayen yenan Akud, imi yettunasab d aferdis agejdan di teslet n\ntsiwelt, si mal ttnernin ineruyen er zdat, si mal gellun-d s ubeddel n wakud.\nDeg ungal-a Inig Aneggaru ad d-nekkes iferdisen i d-yemmalen tamirant-a n\nwakud, aneggaru-a ad t-id-nawi ef lasab n wamek it-id-yules umaru deg\nAmsawal n wungal-a yeba-t ef sin, amenzu d akud agensay, immal-d\nakud yellan d axel n wullis, ama d win akud n tekayt ne d win yerzan win\ntsiwelt, ma yella di tazwara nekkes-d tugzimin n tekayt, tura ad nere ad\nnekkes tugzimin n tsiwelt, i wakken ad nessawe ad nessegzi assa yellan gar\nwakud n tekayt d win n tsiwelt, wa ad nwali amgired yellan gar-asen s\nuzenzi (B) i d-yettbanen ddaw.\nTugzimin n tsiwelt llant-id akka:\nTz1 Tz2 Tz3 Tz4 Tz5 Tz6 Tz7 Tz8 Tz9\nMa nere ad nessemres gar tugzimin n tsiwelt d tid n tekayt ad yili s\nAkud n T\nTz1 Tz2 Tz3 Tz4 Tz5 Tz6\nTz7 Tz8 Tz9 Tz10 Tz11 Tz12 Tz13\nAkud n Ts\nDeg turi-nne i uzenzi-a, nwala-d amgired deg umsefer n tugzimin\ndeg wakud n tekayt akked d umsefer-nsent deg wakkud n tsiwelt. Deg\ntazwara n wungal yefka-d umaru Brahim TAZAART ayen yellan di taggara n\ntekayt (Tz12 - Tz1), mesub yessezwer-d ineruyen n taggara er tazwara,\nyis-sen ara ad yeddu cwi, cwi alami yewwe er igemma i er ara teffe\ntekayt n wungal-ines. Iswi-is seg waya aha-t d acewweq i yimeriyen i\nwakken ad ren amek i d-tebda tekayt, d wamek almi i d-tewwe er waya.\nAya-agi d ayen i yeran i nekkenti s timad-nne asmi kan nebda tauri\ntamenzut i wungal-a.\nS umata amaru n Inig Aneggaru ur issedel ara gar umsefer n wakud n\ntsiwelt d win tekayt, aya iban-a-d s telqayt deg umgired-a yellan deg\ntugzimin n tekayt mi itent-nesserwes er umsefer n tugzimin n tsiwelt.\nSeg tama ad naf akud aniri, yerza ayen yellan bea i wullis, yettban-d\nne yimmal-d akud n umaru (tallit-is, tignatin d lweqt ideg i d-yura deg\nungal-is) akked wakud n imeri (tallit n turi). Ungal n Brahim TAZAART d\nungal ideg i d-tettbin enf-a n wakud, lawan ideg yura Brahim TAZAART\nungal-ines yettual er yiseggasen n tesin (90), anda teuqet temsalt n yinig\ndtemsalt n yirebraben, aas n txessarin i d-yeran i yilmeyen mmuten ef\nyifassen n yirebraben, annect-a i d-yedran di temsrifegt anda tedda Tziri.\nAmaru yedda d wakud n tekayt, yal tadyant igelm-itt-id s wakud-ines\namzun yedder tallit-a. Rnu er-s amaru yeef aas n lweqt di tira n ungal-agi,\nd ayen it-yean ad yeffe gi taggara-agi kan.\nMa yella d akud n yimeri temmal-d tallit-agi idrg neqqar deg-s ungal.\nAmsefer n wakud\nd aric yenan akud n uferri, nesfahm-d d acu i d afferi nena-d belli d\nayen i d-immen ayen yeran s tidet di tilawt, yessuffe-t-id walla n umsawal,\nd tidet d aya-agi id nufa deg wungal-a, amsawal yerra-d akud n yineruyen\namzun d tidet di tillawt, as ullama yesedhuy i yis-s imeri, maca Brahim\nTazart yeawe ad yerr yal amari ad yeg assa gar wayen yellan di tekayt\nd wayen yettdir deg tillawt. Wa ad iulfu s tidet n yineruyen id yeddan deg\nSeg tama n tfukkas, amsawal deg wayen i d-yules, yerra lwelha-s deg\nwallus-ines er kra n tfukkas, i swacu i yessawe ad yeglem ineruyen d\ntedyanin akken iwata, ama deg wayen yerzan iswiren, ne akud n tsiwelt am\ntiremt, tirurda, timezgit, amsefer...atg. Aya-agi s umata d ayen ara ad\nyettwakksen seg ungal-a s telqayt n yimedyaten n kra n yirisen.\n2.4.1. Iswiren n tsiwelt\nTadyant id d-yeggaren taddyant nnien\nDeg uswir-agi, nezmer ad nini llant s waas. Amsawal yal tikelt yeggar-d\niwudam ad d-ekun tikwal ef yiman-sen ef wayen ttulfun d wayen tticin,\ntikwal nnien ttmeslayen-d ef iwudam nnien. Ma nessaked er iwudam i dyeddan deg ungal ad naf merra, icubiten yiwen n wugur, yal wa d acu i d\ntamuli-ines er wugur-a. Yerna kul mi ara yefru uwadem taluft yellan, ad astban taye, d ayen i d-yeran d yiwudam-a:\nYuba, lhem n Si Sliman yugin nessba-s, yere ad yefru ugur-agi s usiwelines di tilifun si Fransa i yemma-s iwakken ad tru ad as-texteb Tiziri, lamena\nyera-d ayen i ef ur yebni fell-as, temmut imi tesla s wayen i d-as-d-yenna\nmmi-s Yuba da tessarem zzwa-ines.\nTaluft nnien d tin yeran d Si Sliman, tamsalt n yimraben akked\nlewayed n lejdud yerna-d taluft n wayen yexdem d ela tameut n\numdakkul-is Meyan, amek ara ad yebru i taluft-a.\nAmedya nnien d ayen yeran i Mehdi, Tiziri yessawe-itt er unafag,\ntunag er Fransa, tea-t-id d awid ur yesi d acu d tifrat, i tmeut-a iefren\ninig fella-s netta, tameddit-nni terna-d taluft nnien imi i d-yewwe lexbar n\nlmut n Tziri ef yiri n temsrifegt. Aas n tedyanin yellan deg wungal-a, yal mi\nara aren yiwudan ad frun yiwen n wuggur ad banen aas n wuguren.\nUngal-a dien yebna ef tfukkest n wurar n yiwudam ef tedyanin, gar\nyiwudam i d-yettalsen ef yiwudam nnien ad naf:\nTxaq Tziri d ayen kan, amzun tecedha awal, ne yettwakkes-as acal d agguren,\ntettmeslay war abas... Zzin ef Yuba d baba-s, qqnen er tmeddurt-is i seyyxen asmi\nakken ur msefhamen sin yergasen temel ugar n wiyi.... P 28\nMd2: Si Sliman\nAzmumeg n Tziri, mi akken tella d tameyant, yeur-d fell-i amkan. Tasa-s\ntettara ut deg yimea-iw! Baba uuc-iw, ! Baba uuc-iw.... P 128\nDeg umedya amenzu, Maysa tual d amsawal-awadem, tettmeslay-d ef\ntaluft n Tziri, ta-itt d ayen kan. ef waya id-as-tella d tamdakkult n tidet,\ntbedd er tama-s, tettak-as tabest iwakken ad tettu abel-ines, wa ad tessiked\ner wayen i d-iteddun. Ma yella d aswir n tsiwelt d aswir n yimira ( prsent de\nnarration), yettbin-d deg tazwara: Txaq Tziri d ayen kan ( tura)... tettmeslay\nDeg umedya wis sin dien, Si Sliman yuqqel d amsawal awdem iekku-d\nef wasmi tu Tziri d tagrud, iemmel-itt aas ur yenwi ad yass wass ideg ara\nad ttisarem seg wayen teba. Yettmeslay-d s uswir n yimal: tettara, akked d\nuswir n yizri: Yeur.\nMd3: Tamdakkult n ela\nela At Felden, d tamdakel-iw n wul. Sne lbanat-is, sne ayen terra er wulis, tebrek fell-as.... P 121\nNwi-t d argaz i teddun ef uzref, ef tidet...Nwi-t d argaz n wawal, d argaz d\nwawal...Lehur n wass-a amer mai i nekk i umi ten-id-yenna, werin ad amne fen92\nd seg yimi-s. Sliman amenas yecqarrawen ula d akabar-is....d awezi ad yili d\ntamusni-is i d-yenna..... P 131\nDeg sin imedyaten-a, i d-yemmalen sin imsiwal-a, tamenzu d tamdakkult\nn ela i d-yettmeslayen fell-as, ma negga tamawt i umsawal ad naf di yal\ntikelt iteffer isem n temdakkult-a, yerna wurin yefka awal ne tagnit i ela\nad temslay ef yiman-is d tuder-is am iwudam nnien. Ma yella deg wis sin\nwagi d Belqasem i d-yewwin awal ef umdakkel-is, imi ur yumin ibeddel-it\nzzman, argaz i wumi semman yemdanen abugau n taddart, assa tamsalt n\nyell-is ur ad-as-yufi tifrat, yettban-d wannect-a deg umyag-a yeftin er izri\n2.4.2. Akud n tsiwelt\nTiremt n tsiwelt\nAmsawal deg ungal-a yeef deg tmersiwt (position) n uekku\nyineruyen, tiremt i deg d-ttwalsent tedyanin mgaradent. Ma nere ad\nnekkes tiremtin n wungal ad ilint ef lesab n wamek i tent-id-yessemgared\nGerard Genette d Reuter id d-nebder yakkan.\nTiremt n tsiwelt deg ungal-a tella-d s wakka:\n- Tasiwelt teggra ef tekayt (Ultrieure)\nAmsawal, yeka-d ineruyen ambed mi ran, ieku-d ef wayen\nyezrin, as akka yefka tagnit i yiwudam, d nutni i d-yettmeslayen, maca\nekkun-d ef wayen yeran yid-sen, aya-agi d ayen i d-nufa deg ungal-a. D\ntiremt yugten, isxeddem-itt umsawal aas n tikwal deg yineruyen n wungal.\nMa neddem-d kra n yimedyaten ad naf ayen i d-ibanen di tazwara n wungal di\ntemlilit n Tziri d Maysa, da tekku-as Tziri ef wayen yeran yid-s asmi tella\nteqqar di tesnawit:\nAkken i am-nni tamsirt n tegnizit n Massa Wiza, tettruu am tadla yea yilef\nur d-ttaafe deg-s ula d awal. P34\nAsmi tessen Yuba\nFfe-d seg twwurt n tzeqqa, teddu er temassit ad d-awi azmam n tihewt i\nuselmad. Ferqaqse, negze er deffir. Azu iyi-idhim, iyi-iil. Maca, as akken\nwexxre, ieq-iyi-d deg ufus,...yemmuqel-d uri, yual yenna-yi: Suref-iyi, suref-iyi\nttxil-m!.... P 38\nAsmi yeqqse Yuba ababa-t n Tziri i wakken ad ttyeleb i zzwa\nYusa-d iman-is! Am umnay i teddun er lfetna, ur yekukra, ur rgagin yisurifenis. Yeur-a-d tawwurt, deg wallen-is iqse-d ad iy-irfed am lbaz n ssari, yemma-s,\nxwali-s, lemum-is, yiwen deg-sen ur d-yeddi. P 47\nS umata ma nemmuqel er yimedyaten-a i d-nekkes, ad naf ideg\n(position) n umsawal yeggra ef wakkud n tekayt, yettales-itt-id s wakud n\nyizri, ibana-a-d wannect-a deg yimyagen yeftin er yizri am (Ffe, Yusa-d,\nYeur, negze, wexxre. Rnu er-s imedyaten nnien i yeggerin yal tikelt ef\ntekayt, ayen i d-yettmalen aya dien d assexdem n yisumer (les proposition)\nam: Ussan-nni, seg wass-n, mi eddan, ass-n, yiwet n tikelt...a\n-Amsawal yesexle gar wayen yellan d wayen ieddan (intercal)\nD tidet amsawal n wungal-a yessexle gar wayen ddren yiwudam zik d\nwayen ddren di tallit-nsen tamirant, rnu er-s iwudam ttabdaren-d tidyanin\namek llant zik d tura, nufa-d aya-agi deg usiwel umaru s ussexdem n wawalena am: zik-nni, ass-n, seg wass-n, ussan-nni, tura, itura, ass-a. Ma nekkes-d kra n\nyimedyaden id d-yeddan deg irisen n wungal ad naf:\nI tura d acu ara ini baba-s? Anida ara yer aqerruy-is? Amek ara yessenser imanis? Takerrust am ta netta s timmad-is ur tt-yeksib. P 116\nAss-a, aqlih s uxxam-iw, s warraw-iw, s tmeut-iw, ayen ieddan iedda. P 58\nTura, seg timunent d afella, tbeddel tmetti tikli, ibeddel umdan lefhem. P80\nAr ass-a, mazal ul-im yeqqen er yielli, er wayen ieddan ...Tura ilaq ad qeble\nayen id yewwi wasif i zegre wer akukru. P 262\nDeg yimedyaten-agi i d-nebder mmalen-d (imal) ayen yellan tura, tuget\nn temsal i ef i d-yemmesla umaru yettak-as-d udem amaynut ef wamek\nleunt temsal tura, yerna seg tama yettak lebi i yiwudam ad messlin ef liala\nttidiren imira, d wamek akk ttwalin tiawsiwin.\nZik-nni, yal lerc, yal taddart, tesa lemqam-is, deg-s yella uekka n waba n\nella yesdukulen arraw n temnain-nni. P 32\nAss-n yemmut Dda Meyan ad tyerem ebbi, yea-t-id deg ddu. P 31\nAmedya-agi immal-d ( izri), yettales-d umsawal ef wayen ieddan.\nAkken ad tfehme tamsalt akken ilaq, yessefk ad am-d-bdu taqsit si\ntazwara..... P 32\nDeg umedya-agi ad naf tafyart-a temmal-d imal, yettban-d deg timit n\nTziri akk Maysa ef cce n yillel, ma yella ayen id d-yemmalen izri yettban-d\nmi d-bdant aqesser d wallus, deg wayen i eddan.\nTikwal nnien deg yiwen n uris ad yebder izri ad yernu imal, amek tu\ntamsalt d wamek tual tura am: Zik-nni, mi ara kke sdat n uriq n yigeigen, ur\nebse, kkate tteddi, amzun ur yelli. Tura, yal tageigt ttake-as azal, yal rria\nferne-tt ef tiyya. P 43\n-Tasiwelt tedda d tekayt (Simultan)\nD aswir ur d-nelli ara s waas, deg wallus n umsawal i yineruyen, maca\ntikwal, nettulfu am wakken ineruyen n tekayt ttwalsen-d di lawan i deg\nran, am tallit-nni n zik anda argaz ur nesi dderya ur yesi azal, d ayen\nyeran d Mezyan, yemma-s yezga tesnegric ef ela i wakken ad-as-tesu\naqcic, tamsalt-a yewwi fell-as asiwel yerra-a er zik-nni. Rnu er-s tamsalt n\nyimraben d ayen yellan, inig dien d asirem n yilmeyen, tayri ...., aya-agi s\numta amsawal yerra tasiwelt-ines tetteddu idis ef yidis di tekayt.\n-Tasiwelt tezwar takayt (Antrieure)\nUr d-nufi ara s waas irisen, anda tasiwelt tezwar takayt, enfa-a n\ntiremt ur d-yettili ara s tuget deg wungalen, acku ayen i d-yettilin uqbel\ntakayt d wayen i mazal ur d-yeri ara, yettual er usirem n uwadem, ne\naha-t d targit. D annect-a i d-yellan deg ungal-a:\nTtwali-t yettazal-d uri, gar yifasen-is tameqqunt n yijeigen.... P 184\nD tidet akka ad rekbe tamesrefegt, ad inige er tmurt i ssarame, d tidet akka\nad-ttase d timinigt, d timigrit, s cci d zzin amaynut. P 10\nWin yesqedcen cwi alla-is, ad yaf d awezi ad qeblen warraw n nnbi, ne\naraben s umata , yugaren imazien s wuzzal d lemca, yettzuxun s tmeslayt, yis-s dyers wawal n Rebbi, ad ualen d imazien, ad brun i tutlayt-nsen iwakken ad utlayen s\nyiles n wat tmurt-a. P 138\nDeg umedya amenzu amsawal yeqqar-d ayen tessaram tmeut, ma yella\ntefreq d wabib n tasa, tettmenni lamer aha-t ad d-yas wass i deg ara ad t-idyefk umnar ad yezzi alama d ur-s, aya-gi yera-d d Tziri asmi yunag Yuba er\nFransa mebla tualin yezzwe d Inas nettat tella mazal ur tezzwi, til aha-t ad\nyezzi almi d ur-s.\nDeg umedya wis sin d targit n yilmeyen yettwasnen deg tallit-agi-nne\ntamirant d tarewla er tmura n medden anda tella lehna d talwit.\nMa yella deg umedya-a aneggaru d asirem n tutlayt d tnalit tamazit, imi\nas ma tella tamurt n Lezzayer qqaren-d n yimazien lamena aya-agi ur diban, ssaramen yimazien izzayriyen amer aha-t ad yezzi lweqt ideg ara tual\nLezzayer d tamazit anda ma llan.\nDeg wayen yenan tirurda n tsiwelt deg wungal-a, nwala belli amsawal\nyurar s waas s wakud n tsiwelt tikwal yesedday ineruyen s lemawla, tikwal\nnnien iteddu s tawil, isenqas i wakud, ama s weglam ne s udewni. Am\nwakken i d-yella useddi-a dien, tikwal s swaye d wussan, tikwal nnien s\nlechur d yiseggasen....atg. Ma neddem-d deg umedya ad naf kra n yirisen id dyettbeginin aya:\nSeg Marsay er Bgayet, aerrabu yedda-d azal n 18 n swaye. P 110\nWwe er taddart n Wallaen el lewhi n zzu. P 117\nef lewayeh n 10, neef aaksi unafag Hewwari Bumedyen. P 235\nDeg wazekka-nni yebda ixeddim er yiwen, D win d aen i t-iawnen yeldi\ntaanut n lkettan deg temdint n um. P 189\nAss wis sin neef abrid er Munastir, nensa din sin n wuan... Nual-d ass n led\ndeg uzal. P 143\nYussa-d Yuba si Fransa. Yeqqim 10 wussan, yeal ur twala... Sin wussan uqbel\ntissin n Yuba, nerkeb tamesrifegt nekk d Menn-d er Tunes. P 142\nAzekka-nni, nuki zik, neswa lqehwa, nuli er tarict... Ass wis tlata, nuli er la\nplace n Galata. P 237.\nAzekka-nni, ur neqqim deg tamanat, neef tamacint TGM er Sidi Busid. P 142\nYeqqim di Fransa azal n setta wagguren. P 189\nAss, d lareba tamenzut n waggur n uct. P 110\n3 n wagguren segmi nemyussan nekk d Tziri, nezwe. P 226\nAggur yezrin, ufi ayen turi mi ttnadi lekwae n tkerrust. P 262\nIlendi mi qqime deg uxxam, gguni-t am waggur n lid. P 142\nLbiru-ya ideg xedme, ldi-t ugar n 2 iseggasen aya. Uqbel, lli xedme deg\nSbitar n Imceddalen, kki din 3 n yiseggasen. P 214\nDeg aas n tikkal amsawal deg wakud-ines i ttbegin-it-id s swaye tikwal\nisedday-d ula s dqayeq\nD 9 d ddqiqa..., iur ubrid, izel d tikurrusin. P 194\nAzekka-nni n tisin-iw, uki-d ef seba d uzgen. P 176\nAm wakken i d-yettbeggin akud, s ussexle gar wagguren d wussan\nYerna aya-agi iban-a-d s telqayt deg yirisen n tekayt, yal win ara\nyeren ungal-a, di tazwara ad iulfu s tezi n tekayt d wakud-ines s waas\niseggasen, ma yella er taggara ad iulfu belli tfak tekayt s lemawla, s tuqna\nn wallen , amzun akken ur iedda ula d yiwen n useggas ef wayen akk yeran\nd yiwudam n teqsit-a.\nMa nere seg tama-nnte, ad d-nesqerdec awal ef uric-agi n lemawla\nd tawil ad nemmeslay ef sin yiswiren i ef yettwabna wungal (Asrured d\nullukez), anda amsawal tikwal yessewzil kra n tedyanin, tikwal nnien\nyessezef-itent, seg tama nnien yessemras allukez s uglam, s ussegzi d\nusefhem n tedyanin id d-yeddan s waas deg ungal:\n- Asrured ( acclration)\nUr ile ad teseble tasa-k ef lal n ttar yellan gar lejdud n xwali-s d lejdud n\nxwali-s n Yuba. P126\nDeg umedya-agi amsawal ur d-yessegzi ur d-yeglim, ur d-isefhem amek i\nd-tera tadawt-a wala d acu i d ssebba n ttar-agi ne melmi i d-yella, as\nakken asefhem n tedyant-agi yella-d ambed, d si Belqasem id yulsen taqsit-a\nn tedawt gar lejdud n Tziri d Yuba ief iedda wakud achal n yiseggasen. Di\ntefyirt-a, amsawal yeffer akk tidyanin i d-yellan deg-s s tefyart-a: Ur ile ad\nteseble tasa-k ef lal n ttar. Yerna di tazwara imeri ur ifehem tadyant,\nlamena ad-as-iban ambed d acu yeran.\n- Allukez ( ralentissement)\nKre i tafrara, ue luu, ule lefjer, di ad-isel ebbi, i wayen s wayes\nyettnuju wull-iw, urent wallen-iw d imeawen , yeur wul-iw d asirem , yela liser\ndeg yiuran n tmeddurt-iw, ebbi meqqret tezmert-is, ad iyi-d-walint lmalayek-is\ntimezuzin. P 10\nDeg umedya-agi amenzu amsawal, yeslukkuz deg wakud n tsiwelt,\namsawal yesexdem aas n yijerdan i wakken ad yessegzi wa ad yessefhem.\nLfer n Tziri imi d ayen tewwe er lebi-s, yewwe-d ass i deg tual targit d\ntidet, tecker rebbi temdit, s wawalen-a i d-bder di yal tikelt.\nQele s ler, sdat-i, tazniqt teggugem. Yal timert deg-s tettnaza. Abrid ilem\nyeqber, leyu uren d tidi, yiwen uqjun yezger abrid, yefer amcic irewlen. Rruda n\ntkerrust tefes yiwen n ukarun, yesseglef uqju, yesmaru umcic..... P135\nDeg umedya-agi yettbin-d usebes n wakud n tsiwelt s ussexdem n\numsawal i weglam anda ur d-telli tigawt am: tazniqt teggugem, Abrid ilem yeqber,\ntimert tettnaze, yesseglef uqju, yesmaru umcic....Ayagi s umata yeskan-d tugdi n\nYuba imi i d-yuki seg yir targit i yurga ef Si Sliman, yekker yessa amutur n\ntkerrrust iteddu deg ubrid s tugdi.\nAm wakken itt-id-nesbadu yakkan timezgit d aawed n yineruyen n\ntekayt, d allus i wayen yeran yiwet n tikelt ne aas n tikawal (Le rcit\nsingulatif), d allus n wacal tikkal, i wayen yeran yiwet n tikelt ( Le rcit\nrptitif), ne d tullsa i tikkelt kan, i wayen yeran aas n tikkal (Le rcit\nitratif). Ad nwali ihi tidyanin-agi i d-yettualen di yal tikelt deg tsiwelt.\n- Ma nere ad neddem tamenzut ad tt-id-naf deg tedyant-a n imraben\ni d-yettualen deg wawal n twacult n Si Sliman yal tikelt:\nAsebtar wis 64: Ur zmire ad t-nasbe....acku nekkni dimaben a yelli.\nAsebtar wis 65: Tawacult-nne , ar ass-a ur tettnasab leqbayel.\nAsebtar wis 124: Nekkni d imaben a Belqasem, tawacult-nne ar ass-a d\nwussan teef deg lewayed, tugi ad asent-tebru.\nAsebtar wis 129: Imezwura nnan belli imaben ad zewen gar-asen.\n- Tis snat am wakken i d-tedda deg umedya ad tt-id-naf deg teddyant n\nLexdea n ela d Sliman i Meyan, imi lela yera-d yiwet n tikelt,\nlamena tettual-d acal tikal ama deg ulawen-nsen i tti-id-ttabdaren, ne\ntamdakkult n ela d Dda Qiqi i d-yettmeslayen ef wayen yeran gar-asen.\nAya-agi d ayen i d-yettbanen deg yizrugen-a:\nAsebtar wis 53:Yeeb baba aqeuy gar ifassen-is, yrereq d imeawen.\nAcimi? Acimi ?Acimi? a ebbi iyi-txedme akk, acimi.\nAsebtar wis 129: Amek ara mmuqle iman-iw deg lemri war leya? Amek ara\nmmeslaye ef tedemt , s kud nek s timd-iw d amesbali.\nAsebtar wis 171: Tetereq ela d imeawen, tettru... Akka a Meyan, akka i\ntebid, atan ad d-ssirde taebut-iw s urgaz waye\nAsebtar wis 170:Meyan meskin, amebun... , Ini-d Sliman meskin, wameg\nMeyan, ur ixdi yiwen, ur yelli win umi yekka deffir.\n- Ma yella d taneggarut ur d tt-id-nufi ara, ud ula tadyant i d-yettwalsen i\ntikelt kan di tidet tera acal n tikal.\nAmsefer: (ordre/ dsordre)\nAric-a d tagnit anda ara ad d-nessegzi aselu-nni n wakud i tedyanin\nyeran deg wungal-a Inig Aneggaru , amek i d-msefarent d wamek iten-idyewwi Brahim TAZAART di tsiwel-ines, as akka amsefer, d amgired yellan\ngar wakud n tekayt d win n tsiwelt i d-yettawin amsefer n wakud deg\nwungal, as akka qlil anda i d-yettili umsefer n tedyanin n tekayt d win n\ntsiwelt, d ayenni i d-nufa amsawal n wungal-a ur d-yeddi ara umsefer gar\nwakud n tekayt d tsiwelt. Aya-agi s umata ad d-yili s umsefer n weswir-a:\n- Taualin er deffir\nAmsawal n wungal-a deg wayen i d-yettales ittual er deffir iekku-d\nayen akken ieddan, tidyanin ur msefarent ara deg wakud akken ilaq, deg\nwaas n tikal yettruu yettual-d, s wakka i d-llant tedyanin:\n------------1 ------------2 ----------3---------- 4 ------------5-------- T\n------------4------------1-----------2-----------3------------ 5 -----------Ts\nMa nere ad d-nesselu aya s umedya ad naf:\nTayri yezdin Yuba d Tziri -------Bettu-nsen s sebba n yimawlan, lewayed d\nwansayen n lejdud--------- Zzwa n Tziri d Mehdi--------- Tiziri d Mehdi deg unafag --------Inig n Tziri er Fransa d lmut-ines.\nTiziri d Mehdi deg unafag -------Tayri yezdin Yuba d Tziri ------- Bettu-nsen s\nsebba n yimawlan, lewayed d wansayen n lejdud ------ Zzwa n Tziri d Mehdi------ Inig\nn Tziri er Fransa d lmut-ines.\nTidyanin ef wakken i d-a-ttbinint deg sin iseluyen-agi, belli amsefer\nn tedyanin deg tekayt, d wakken zemrent ad ilint deg tillaw, mgaraden cwi\nef wamek i tent-id-yewwi deg tsiwelt-ines, acku taneggarut tban-d s tualin\ner tedyant akk taneggarut, yerra-tt-id d tamezwarut, yefka umsawal awal i\nTziri d Medi mesla-d lweqt-nni mi llan deg unafag, s yinn akkin, yefka-asen\ntagnit ad sefrurin akk ayen seddan d wamek i d-mlalen almi i d-wwen er\nwayen ideg llan, nezmer ad nini d addad n tagara i d-yellan d tazwara.\nDeg imedyaten nnien ad naf anda amsawal yettales-d deg tiremt n\ntsiwelt i wayen yezrin, annect-a yettbin-d s telqayt ne tseken-it-id Tziri, imi i\nd-tella d amsawal- awadem asmi i d-temmekta ussan-nni n temi-s, amek itenid-tesedda di lfer d zehhu d Yuba, d wussan qissien tesedda asmi teba\nyid-s ssebba n baba-s Si Sliman, ne ef wasmi tekcem sbiar imi yuneg Yuba\ner Fransa yea-tt-id deg yir ala..., yettban-d wannect-a s umata s tualin\ner deffir, s ussexdem n wawalen d tefyar, imataren d yimyagen yeftin er\nTettban-d tualin-agi dien, deg umedya n umsawal-awadem nnien,\nMedi i d-iekkun ef wassa-ines d Nayla tarabt asmi llan di tseddawit n\nSetif uqbel ad yemlil d Tziri.\nSeg tama nnien ma nual-d er uswir-agi n tualin er deffir ad naf\nmai kan deg ineruyen, tualin ula d yiwudam, tamezwarut d tualin n\nMedi i d-yettwabderen deg tegnit tamenzut, s yin almi i d-yewwe umsawal\ner waddad ureqe it-id-ibeggen, tis snat d tualin Nayla, tettwabder-d di\ntegnit n tazwara, almi d tagnit n taggara itt-id-yerra umsawal.\n- Tamuli er zdat\nUlac aas n yimedyaten i d-yellan ef tffukest-agi, acku amaru ur\nyessezwir ara taddyant uqbel ad teru, ma llant kra seg-s ttilin amzun d tirga\nne d akacef. Yella-d deg yiwen n umedya yerzan ela asmi tella d tamuint\ntenna i gma-s Muend:\nNekk ad mmte a Muend a gma, ur tteile, yewwe-d lajel-iw...I yezrin\nwala yemma (...) deg lemnam(...) teef-iyi afus, nekcem er yiwen uxxam d\nawesan...tenna-yi yemma:... d wa i d axxam-im a yelli...ur ttagad.... P165\nAmsawal yebder-d, deg wakud n tsiwelt, aneru n lmut n ela s tsezwert\nn targit turga uqbel ad d-teru deg wakud n tekayt. Yerna ayen i dyettbegginen taffukest-a d tazela n wurmir Ad: ad mmte.\n2.5. Taslet n yiwudam\nAm wakken i d-nemmesla ef uric-a n yiwudam nenna-d d agejdan. Ur\nnezmir ara ad nessugen ullis war iwudam, d nutni i d aswir, d lsas i isedduyen\ntigawin, amaru Brahim TAZART iseqdec-iten mli, di tsiwel-ines ef\nyiwudam, tella-d s yiwet n tmuli tamaynut, yettara imeriyen n wungal ad dddren d yiwudam amzun akkenni d imdanen n tidet myussanen wer garasen,wurin d aris kan iten-ijemen.\nMa nesqerdec akka kra n wawal ef yiwudam n Inig aneggaru, ad d-naf\namaru yewwi-ten-id s wudem usrid, mebla ma yezzi, yerna mebla aglam s\nwaas, yefka azal d ameqran er wayen ttidiren d wayen i d-ekkun d wayen\nttulfun wer ma yemmesla-d ef tfekka-nsen d ucebba n wawal ef lewayefnsen, ama lahan ne cemten, amsawal yewwet amek ara ad d-yejben\nimeriyen ad emlen iwudam wa ad d-yebnu assa gar-asen, ad d-dddun d\nyiulfan d wafrayen-nsen, am win i d-iekkun (awadem)\nIwudam, alada aaen ibeggen-ten-id umsawal s telqayt, yefka-asen azal\nd tegnit wessien i wakken ad meslin ef yiman-nsen, ma nebder-iten-id ef\nwamek i ten-id-isewel umsawal ad naf:\n- Aa amenzu: Tiziri\nTakayt n Inig Aneggaru d takayt n Tziri i yellan d aa-is agejdan,\ntettidir tudert i d-as-tefka tmetti-s, tettkafa i wakken ad tedder tudert teba,\nmaca lawayed d yimawlan, urzen-t ef uzueg n tudert-is, ula d asirem-ines\niru d asfel.\n- Aa wis sin: Yuba\nD aqcic yean tamurt-is, iac di tmura n medden, ni ababat ni tayemmat, d\nInas kan i d-yufa er tama-s, tesfe-as lejru-is.\n- Aa wis sin: Mehdi\nYettwabder-d i tazawara, yis-s i yebda wungal, maca yual ur d-iban almi d\ntaggara, d aa agejdan dien, d argaz d wawal, i fehmen timsal, ibedd er\ntama n Tziri, as ulamma yenwa d Tiziri i d tafa-is, ad-as-texlef amkan tea\nNayla, Lamena di tagagra tunag Tziri, tea-t-id, maca ebbi ur t-yei ara, di\nlweqt ideg terkeb Tziri yemlal d Nayla deg unafag.\nS umata d aaen-a i ef yezzi tuget n yineruyen n wungal, yiwen yeba\ntaqcict tefruri-d seg twacult n yimraben, waye yeba taqcit lael-is d\naraben, ma yella d Tziri tedder deg usirem almi temmut.\nAmsawal nezmer ad tenneqel mi ara d-yeggar iwenniten. Di tuget ttilin\nmi ara ad yemmeslay ef kra n temsal...yal tikelt ifesser-d isalan yenan yal\nAmsawal issawal-d takayt n yiwudan as akka s wudem aniri. Awadem d\naric agejdan n usugen. Akken i tegget tsiwelt deg ungal inig aneggaru akken\ni ugten yiwudam , taslet-nsen deg ungal di lewhi n Brahim TAZAART ad tili\nef sin wudmawen:\n- Taslet n yiman: D taslet yenan ismawen n yiwudam, aglam n tfekka\n- Taslet n yiggan: Tena tiggawin-nsen deg ungal akked d twuriwin deg\nSeg tama n yiman , isem d isali amezwaru i yenan awadem, imi amaru ur\nyefki ara ismawen i yiwudan akka kan, maca yal wa s wazal-is deg uris, tuget\nn yismawen-a i d-yeddan deg Inig Aneggaru, d ismawen n tmazit am: Mehdi,\nTiziri, Si Sliman, ela, Mala, Dda Yidir Belqasem, Muend.., Ismawen yellan\ndeg umezruy am Yuba, ma yella d ismawen nnien d ismawen imaynuten i dilulen akka di tallit-a tamirant am Nayla, Maysa, Qani, Mennad. Rnu er tama\nyual ula er isem n Salas i d-yellan deg unganl-nes amenzu Salas d Nua,\niswi-ines seg yismawen-a ad yeg ccan i wungal-ines. Maca er tama n yiwudam\nyesan isem, llan wiya d udrigen* wer ismawen am temdakkult n ela ur dnettwabder ara yisem-is.\nMa nual-d er uglam n tfekka n yiwudam ad naf ur ugitent ara, maca\nayen i d-yettwagelmen tebna ef lerma, lqedd d ifa-nsen, kesben cbaa d\nArgaz-iw isem-is Mehdi, fell-s 30 n yiseggasen. Lerma-is d iberkanin, udem-is d\naezzfan, d imserri , ef wallen-is tiberkanin, yelsa tismaqqalin n ustafu, anzaren-isd\nizuranen , ddaw-nsen, tella tyuga n claem d tareqaqt. Icenfiren d ifuyanen, acenfir\nufella yesa ccama d tameyantn er tama tayfust P 10\nDeg wayen yenan baye n uwadem ad naf deg umedya:\nDda Qiqi d laqel n taddart n fiu, iferru-tent, d awaybi, yal lejme ara yilin deg\nlerc...Yettili awal-is yewzen, da netta yeza azal , yetteddi . Yerna d baba n dre.P54\nMa yella d aglam n ucemmet, ur d-yelli ara s waas, deg kra n yirisen\nyenan irebraben , d Linda taxeddamt n temsrifegt teglem-d ifa-nsen,Yefkaasen umsawal udem ara yeen imeri ad ten-yekrah am:\nYezmumeg-d deg udem-iw ula d netta, azmumeg-is berrik, amzun d aberrem i\nberrem icenfiren-is. Argaz anect-ilat, azal n snat n lmitrat, tafekka-as amzun d ledra n\ntzemmurt tagamirt, allen-is ssexlaent, ur sint nnul, kkawent. Amdakel-is wezzil cwi,\nacekku-is imal er tewre, akka kan yewwet afus-is er lib, yessufe-d tabakit d\ntamellalt, isu. P 269\nMaca llan wiya ur d-ttwagelmen ara mai, d wid i wumi ur sen-yefki ara\nSeg tama n yiggan nufa-d iman n yiwudan d yiggan-nsen edlen, tuget n\ntiggawin i d-yeran deg ungal Inig Aneggaru llant-d d Tziri akked Yuba, akken\nad ggen amdiq i tmetti-nsen i wakken ad ren leqyud d rubat itt-yerzan\niten-imenen i wakkan ad wwen er lebi-nsen, Si Sliman i yetnaaen ad\nyeer wa ad ium taqidt yeran zik, wer ma tettwakcef-d, d ayemmi yettaf d\ni yal tikelt sebba n yimraben, Si Belqasem d Salas gma-s n Tziri iaren ad\nsemlilen gar-asen wa ad as-bedlen i Sliman ay n wayen i d-yenna. Mehdi i dibanen di tudert n Tziri, Tanina weltma-s n Mehdi i d-yellan d ssebba n\ntemlilit-nsen, rnu er-s asirem n Tziri i yesxerban assa-is d Mehdi.\nTiggawin-a mea mlalent-d deg sin izenzien n yimesgan, amezwaru\nyebna ef temsalt n zzwa gar Tziri d Yuba ur d nelli ara ssebba n yimawlan,\nwis sin yebna ef temsalt n yinig i d-yeglan s lmut n Tziri. Ama deg uzenzi\namenzu ama deg wis sin d Tiziri i d amsifa, d anermas, taawsa i tella tealab,\ndeg umensu d zzwa-is d Yuba, deg wis sin d asuter n Yinig er Fransa.\nAzenzi imesgan (A)\nTauri i uzenzi (A)\nDeg turi i uzenzi-a ad nere ad nesefhem yal amesgan, ef lesab n\nwamek id -a-ttbanen. Amsifa d Tiziri, nettat i yessutren i wamag Yuba ad\niu er baba-s ad tt-yeleb i zzwa, imi i d-yella d taawsa i ef tettnadi,\ntaawsa i wumi-tt? I nettat deg iman-s, win id-as-yellan d imnamar, acku\namnamar yezmer ad yili d yiwen uwadem ne akter d Baba-s Si Sliman yugin\nmai zzwa-a, ela yemma-s n Yuba i d-isermen aseru n zzwa gar-asen,\naneggaru d Dda yidir amdakkul n Si Sliman i almen s teqit-nsen yerna\niqeen-as-d awal belli ad yettu tamsal-a n zzwa ur d-as-yettawad ara.\nMa yella d imalalen wid iaren ad fken afus n lemawna, wa ad semlilen\ngar-asen iwakken ad awen er lmerub-nsen, tamezwarut d Mala yemma-s\nn Tziri, tezza tassa-s, ala nettat i d taqcict gar watmas amek ass-a mi i d-yeder\nad tezwe d win yextar wull-is ad tettwaren seg wayen teba, aas n tikwal\nideg temmesla d wergaz-is Sliman amer aha-t ad yerr aar, wa ad yeqbel, maca\nyugi yezga yeqqar-as nekk i d bab n rray mai d kem, wis sin d Dda Belqasem\nxal-is n Yuba immesla d Sliman, lamena netta ijebed-as tiqdimin, aneggaru d\ngma-s n Tziri Salas i d-yessawlen i baba-s si Fransa ire amek ara tiqenne,\nlamena kif kif.\nS umata d wagi i d azenzi amenzu i ef tezzint tiggawin n yiwudam,\nmaca mbed lerwa n Yuba er Fransa d zzwa-ines, tbeddel tudert n Tziri,\nbanent-d tedyanin d yiwudam nnien, d ayemmi i yettwaba uzenzi n\nyimesgan ef sin. Aya-agi d ayen i d-yellan deg uzenzi (B).\nAzenzi imesgan (B)\nTauri i uzenzi (B)\nDeg uzenzi-a yenan tamsal n yinig, amsifa d Tiziri dien d nettat\ni yessuturen taawsa-agi n yinig, Mehdi amgay seg wasmi yezzwe yid-s\nawal-is yual ala ef lerwa er Faransa, er tmurt anda yella zehhu d talwit,\nanermas d Tziri acku taawsa teba-tt i yiman-is. Ma yella d imnamar,\ntamenzut d Tanina, as ulamma di tazwara tella d tamalalt d nettat i\nyessemlalen gar Tziri d Mehdi almi d asmi zewen , Lamena di taggara tual\ntbeddel udem asmi tesla belli Tiziri teba ad tunag ad te gma-s, tere s\ntezmert-is amek ara temne inig n Tziri er Fransa, wis sin d irebraben\nyeddan di temsrifegt anda tedda Tziri, xedmen tixsarin er daxel n\ntemsrifegt, asmi wwen er tama n unafag n Marsay, nnan i yenneharen n\ntemsrafegt, ad ualen er lezzayer, maca Tiziri ur tebi ara ad tual tennaasen et-iyi ad rse, asmi ugin teegger-d iman-is temmut.\nWin i as-d-yellan d amiwen i wakken ad tunag d argaz-is Mehdi,\nalada asmi yera ayen tura deg yiwet n tgebburt ( lagenda) tura deg-s belli\nteba ad tidir anda yella Yuba, da ixdem-as-d lekwae almi d asmi kan i asd-teffe l Visa yewwi-tt er unafag ad tru.\nRnu er-s, deg sin izezien-a, yiwen n umigaw Tiziri, tekka di sin n\nyimesgan (amsifa-anermas), acku snat n tekayin i d-yellan di tneqqist-a,\nakken dien i d-yella Mehdi d (amgay-amalal).\nIzenzien i d-nebder yakan deg sin yid-sen ttwehhin-d er twuriwi n\nyiwudam deg temsal yettici wemdan di tmetti-is, iebalan d wuguren i\nyettmagar d wid akk mukud yettidir, tikwal ad ilin d imdanen ara ibedden er\ntama-k tikwal nnien ssebba-nsen ara tegge tilas i tudert-ik, aya akk yera-d\nd Tziri iseblen rru-is, temmed xerum ad temmet deg wakal anda yettidir\nS wakka i d-nfak ixef-agi aneggaru n teslet, ideg i d-a-d-iban belli\nungal n Brahim TAZAART irea ef waas n yiferisen n tsiwelt i\nyesdukkulen ullis amzun akken yiwen n uferis ur yezmir ad yebu ef taye\nma ef ad yer unamek-ines, tin yernan er-s d iferisen i rennun i tussna n\ntsensiwelt. Annect-a d ayen i d-yettbegginen annerni n tira deg ungal aqbayli s\nTewwe tezrewt-nnte taggara-s, yessefk fell-nnte ad d-nessebggen\nayen ier neawe n yigemma. Igemma i d-a-yellan d iswi segmi i dnefren asentel-agi. Asentel i d-a-yewwin ad nadi wa ad d-nagem amud n\ntmusniwin yerzan tasekla taqbaylit d tsekla tagralant, alada deg usdukkel\ngar-asent deg waas n tamiwin d annerni i wannar n tsekla s umata.\nSeg yigemma imezwura i nezmer ad ten-id-nebder di taggara n tezrawt\ntasensiwalt, d ayen ier nessawe di teslet-nnte i wungal id d-nefren seg\nwayen akk yura umaru aqbayli Brahim TAZAART, d taselt i wungal\naneggaru i d-yessuffe deg useggas n 2012, iwumi isemma Inig Aneggaru .\nDi teslet tasiwlant i negga i wungal-a, tban-a-d tririt i usteqsi i d-nefka di\ntazwara n unadi, d ayen i a-d-tefka teslet ne tazrewt n tekayt akked d\ntsiwelt, d wassaen yellan gar sin yericen-a i d-a-yeawen, ad nekkes\nam n yiferisen n teri d tmiranin icudden er tussna n tsensiwelt i\nyessemres Brahim TAZAART di tira n wungal-ines.\nas akka tawilat n teri i nesseqdec ef tezi n tezrewt-agi ur uggtent\nara, alada tizrawin yettwasuddsen ef wungal yuran s teqbaylit, maca\nneawe ad nezzi i tezrewt s wayen i d-an d wayen uran aas n\nyimarayen n tussna n tsensiwelt, i s wacu nere ad nawwe er kra n\nyiswan yerzan asemres n teri n tsiwelt d unamek-ines deg ungal n Brahim\nTAZAART, anneggaru-a yefka azal d ameqqran i tsiwelt n teddyanin d\nyineruyen akked yiulfan n yiwudam anda i yere ad yefk tidet n wayen\ntettidir tmetti taqbalit, d timsal yerzan amdan aqbali seg zik almi d tallit n\nwass-a, d ansayen ne d lewayed, d tayri ne d amennu, d amezruy, d inig,\nd idles ne d tanalit i d-yettbegginin tidet, d wudem aeqqani n wegdud\nAya-agi s umata ur yefil ara fell-asent umaru, akken i nezmer ad d-nini\nbelli tasiwelt d yiwet n tawil i ur yufa umaru iman-is deg usefruri n taktiwin\nd yineruyen i d-issedda deg ungal-is, seg tama yerna-d aas i tira tamaynut d\nccbaa n wungal aqbali, seg tama nnien d aswir alayan di leqraya d tmussni\nef temsal d tlufa n ddunit yekseb umaru Brahim TAZAART.\nDeg waya i a-d-iban d akken Brahim TAZAART, yeawe ad iger wa ad\nisseqdec iferisen yerzan ullis d tiri n tsiwelt deg tira n wungal Inig\nAneggaru , akken i tent-seqedcen imyura n wungalen nnien d iqbayliyen\nne d igralaniyin, d ayen i yerran tuddsa n tullsa n tekayt-is tecbek,\ntesaraq tigzi i yimariyen gar wayen yellan d wayen ieddan (entre le pass\net le prsent) mai d ayen isahlen. Rnu er tama, d annect-a it-yean ad\nyemgarad ef tira n wungalen nnien. D ullis n tmeddurt n bnadem, yerna s\ntidet kan, d ungal yesan tala n wungal aqbayli seg tama n tutlayt.\nIgemma nnien i er teawe tezrewt-agi-nnte d ayen i d-sebggen\nteslet nexdem i wungal-a amaynut. D taslet i neba ef sin yiricen\nigejdanen : Aric n tekayt ef wamek tezmer ad tili deg tilawt, d uric n\ntsiwelt ef akken yezmer umsawal ad itt-id-yales s ussexdem n yiferisen\nyurzen er tiri n tsiwelt.\nDeg uric amenzu n teslet iban-a-d di tuddsa n wullis, tamezwarut\ns tukssa n tugzimin tigelmanin yellan deg ungal ef lasab n wamek yebna\numsawal tiktiwin d yineruyen-ines. Neawe ad d-nessufe azal n tleac\n(13) n tugzimin, yal taggara n tugzimt tefka-d tazwara i taye, yerna yal\ntugzimt yesbeggan-itt-id umsawal s kra n yisebtar, seg wanda tebda almi d\nTis snat s tukksa n tkerras, aas n tedyanin d yineruyen slalen-d acuddu n\ntkerrist di taye, si mal iferru wugur si mal yettban-d waye, d ayeni i yean\nungal-a ad a-d-iban d akken yettwabna ef uku (04) n tkerras, yemcudden\nNfak-d aric-a s teslet ef uzenzi imsemmes i d-yefkan tuddsa n\niwudam ef (06) n yiswiren-a i d-ibanen s telqayt deg tsiwelt n wungal, anda i\nd-nufa di tegnit n tazwara yules-d umsawal tudert n yilmeyen (Tiziri d Yuba,\nMehdi d Nayla), d wayen ddren asmi llan d iseddawiyen, di tegnit n urway,\nyemmesla-d ef wamek i d-yella beu gar-asen, ssebba n beu-agi d lewayed\nd wansayen (imraben d waraben), s yin akkin iedda er tneflit n tedyanin\nanda i d-yesken lmut n ela i d-yeglan s yinig n mmi-s Yuba mebla tualin,\nma yella deg uferis n ureqqe yules-d ef temlilit n Tziri d Mehdi akked d\nzzwa-nsen i d-yellan mebla lebi, di taggara ifak uzenzi s lefraq i d-yelin\ngar-asen d lmut n Tziri deg inig.\nAya-agi s umata, d ayen akk icudden er uric n tekayt, urin yebel\nfella-asent Brahim TAZAART deg tsiwel-ines, yewwi-tent-id akken ma llant s\nDeg uric wis sin n teslet iban-a-d belli as ma tella takayt temlaa-d ayen akk i zemren ad icudd er tilawt, yewwe ayen i ef tettwabna\ntekayt si tazwara-s almi d taggara-s, maca ayen i d-yettbanen n yiferisen n\ntsiwelt deg lebni d usefruri n yineruyen d tedyanin yerzan asiwel deg ungalines s wazal-is, ur ffient ara ef wayen i d-bedrent tira n yimyura d\nyimarayanen n tussna n tsensiwelt, alada aya-agi yettbeggin-d s ttbut\ntamuli tseklant n umaru i wennar n tsekla ama d ayen yerzan tala n wullis\nne d agbur d tessa-ines.\nGar yiferisen i d-a-d-ibeggnen aric-a n tsiwelt, d assexdem n kra n\ntawilat yerzan allus n yineruyen. Tamezwarut d tala n usiwel yessexdem\numsawal, as ma yella d yiwudan i yellan ekkun-d ef yiman-nsen, maca tira\ntena amaru n wungal, ihi tala tusa-d s umatar n wudem amenzu asget, win\nyettmeslayen Nekk, ayen ia-d-ibeggnen aya-agi d imyagen akk ifuken s\nDeg wayen yenan amsawal, yella-d d aniri, mai d netta i d-iekkun ef\nwayen yeran d yiwudam, yefka tagnit n litte s waas i yiwudam ad d-alsen\nayen i ten-yuen d wayen ttulfun s timad-nsen, mebla ma yessekcem-d\numsawal iman-is, si lebid i yequbel ineruyen n wungal. Ma yella deg lenaf\nnnien, ad d-yili d agensay ne d awadem aya-agi d ayen ur d-nufi ara deg\ntsiwelt-ines. Am wakken i d-neawe dien ad nekkes tawuri-ines deg ungala, yettara di yal tikelt ad yessebggen tidet n wayen yeran di tekayt i dyettales.\nMa nezzi-d awal er uferis wis tlata yenan tallunt d wadeg, seg telet\niban-a-d annar n tallunt wessi, maca d yiwen n wadeg ne d sin, ineruyen\nllan-d di yal tama, di taddart, tamdint, taseddawit, ilel, Fransa, Tunes, Isanbul\ns yimedqan-nsen, anda ma yella uwadem ibder-d adeg i deg yella. Ma yella d\nakud n tsiwelt nessawe deg teslet-nnte er tukksa n wakud aniri yerzan\nakud n umaru imi i a-d iban belli yeef akud deg tira n wungal-ines; yerna d\ntallit n yiseggasen n 90 id yualen deg-s, ,a yella d wakud n yimer d akud i deg\nyeqqar imeri ungal-a, d tallit-a n tura alada i,i d ungal id yefen deg useggasa n 2012.\nAm wakken i nega taslet dien i wakud agensay s ussegzi n wassa yellan\ngar wakud n tekayt d win n tsiwelt, nessawe di taggara ad naf amgired-nsen\ndeg umsefer n tugzimin deg wakud n tekayt akked d umsefer-nsent deg\nwakud n tsiwelt. D ayemmi i d-nufa belli amsawal ur issedel ara gar-asent,\ntemxalaf cwi tekayt ef tsiwelt deg wakud.\nTaslet nexdem i tfukkas n tsiwelt dien s wazal-is, nessawe ad naf ugar\nn tfukkas yessexdem umsawal deg tsiwelt n wungal. Deg uswir amenzu yerzan\ntadyant i d-yeggaren tidyanin nnien nufa-d belli llant aas, yal mi ara ad tban\ntedyant teceb akk iwudam, ttmeslayen-d akk fell-as, yerna mkul mi ara ad\ntfak tedyant ad ban taye, rnu aswir n wurar gar yiwudam yal wa yettili-d am\nwakken d amsawal awadem yettmesla-d ef uwadem nnien alada mi ara tenyeceb yiwen wugur.\ner tama n telet n uswir amenzu, ad naf akud n tsiwelt, deg-s nesle\ntiremt ideg d- ttwalsent tedyanin, anda nesawe deg uswir-a ad nessuffe\nazal n tlata n tremtin i a-d-ibanen s tuget yerna s wudem usrid, tamenzut d\ntasiwelt yeggran ef tekayt, deg-s yella-d wallus n yineruyen mbed mi\nran, tis snat d tiremt n ussexle gar wayen yeran imiren d wayen yezrin,\ntella-d s waas dien, mesub akka, yal awadem immesla-d ef wayen yettidir\nd wayen yedder yakan. Ma yella d tis tlata, tasiwelt yezwaren takayt, ur\ntugget ara, tedda-d deg kra n yirisen yerzan ayen yettargu uwadem ne ayen\nyessaram ad t-yawwe. Aya-agi s umata neawe ur-s seg wamud n\nyimedyaten i d-nekkes deg yal aswir.\nDeg teslet n tirurda nessawe nbeggen-d belli amaru yurar s wakud n\ntsiwelt, yella wanda i yesedday ineruyen s lemawla, yella wanda itenisedday s leqel, tikwal s usrured tikwal nnien s ullukez, maca taneggarut-a\ntugar tamezwarut, yal tadyant issefham-itt-id s telqayt, itezzi-d i weris s\nwaas n wawalen d tefyar, ara yerren imeri ad t-yefhem akken i wata. Ma\nyella deg tfukkes n tmezgit d teslet-ines, iban-a-d belli di tuget n tedyanin i\nyeran, llant tid i d-yettualen, ttwalsent-d aas n tikal am temsalt n\nyimraben, llant tiya as ulama rant yiwet n tikelt maca tettwalles-d acal n\ntikal, ma yella d tidyanin yeran aas n tikal, tettwales-d i tikelt kan, ur tt-id\nnufi ara deg ungal-a.\nTaslet n umsefer deg uselu n wakud i tedyanin yeran tban-a-d d\nakken tettwaba deg ungal n Brahim TAZAART ef sin yiswiren, amenzu d\ntualin er deffir, imi amsawal yettruu yettual-d gar yizri d yimal i d118\nttwakant tedyanin-a, d ayen ier nessawe ad nessuffe sin iseluyen, aselu\nn tekayt llant-d ef akken zemren-t ad ilint deg tilawt, maca deg uselu n\ntsiwelt yual er deffir, s yin akkin yebda tikli er zdat, yerna di yal tikelt\niebbes, yettales-d ayen ieddan, mbed ad yual er tegnit ideg yella imiren.\nTis snat d tamuli er zdad, ur d telli ara s waas acku amaru n wungal Inig\nAneggaru mai seg wid yessezwiren tiddyanin uqbel ad runt, ayen i dyeddan deg-s d ayen i d-yellan di targit ne deg usirem.\nMa yella di teslet n uferis aneggaru n tsiwelt yenan iwudam, iban-a-d\nbelli amsawal izerrew iwudam s sin wudmawen, seg tama n yiman am ismawen\nn yiwudam, aglam n tfekka d baye, acku yettban-d amsawal deg yismawen\nyefka i yal awadem, yella-d ambeed tamuli talqayant er-sen, d ayemmi i dusan mwalamen d yineruyen n wungal, ma yella d aglam ur d-nufi aas, d\nineruyen i yugten ef uglam. Tama nnien d udem n yiggan ideg nessawe,\nnessuffe-d tiwuriwin n yiwudam s sin izenza. Amenzu d azenzi n yimesgan\n(A) i d-yellan ef temsalt n zzwa gar Tziri d Yuba ur d neri ara, wis sin d\nazenzi n yimesgan (B), newwi-t-id ef usuter n Tziri i yinig er tmurt n Fransa.\nIban-a-d seg-sen belli yal tikelt Tiziri tettili-d d amsifad d tanermast d nettat i\nyesuturen taawsa i wamag, Yuba deg uzenzi (A), i Mehdi deg uzenzi (B).\nSeg tama-nnte dien nessawe nessuffe-d aaen n wungal-a (Tiziri, Yuba,\nD wigi ihi s umata, i d igemma ier tessawe tezrewt-nnte, ef ungal\nInig Aneggaru n Brahim TAZAART. D iferisen i d-yessan lsas n unadi deg\nunnar n tira taneggalt, ama d ayen yerzan timuliwin n umsawal, tigzi n\nteriwin d twuriwin i ef tbennu yal tasiwelt deg ungal.\nIlmend n waya, zemrent ad ilint tezrawin nnien ara ad yettwaxedmen\nef yiferisen nnien ama d aglam ne d adewenni n wullis....atg. Acku yal\ntazrewt tettak-d annerni er zdat alada deg tussna n tsensiwelt imi d annar\nwessien mai d ayen ara ad yilin deg yiwet n tezrewt ne seg yiwet n tama.\nAwal s tmazit\nAnamek-ines s tefransist ne s tarabt\nAkud n uferri\ntemps de la fiction\nAmsefer n wullis\nordre du rcit\nIswiren n tsiwelt\nTadyant i d-yeggaren tadyant nnien enchssement\nTaessa n wullis\nstructure de rcit\nTala n tsiwelt\nTamuli er zdad\nTasnimant n yiwudam\nTiwuriwin n umsawal\nTuddsa n tugzimt\nstructure de squence\nTuddsa n wullis\norganisatin du rcit\nTualin er deffir\n1-Idlisen s tefransist\n- ACHOUR, (C.) & REZZOUG, (S.), Introduction la lecture du littraire, Ed\nO.P.O, Alger, 2005.\n- ACHOUR, (C.) & BEKKAT, (A.), Clefs pour la lecture des rcts, Edition du\nTell, Blida, 2002.\n- ACHOUR, (C.), & REZZOUG, (S.), Convergences critiques, Alger, OPU,\n- ADAM, (J.M.), in Encyclopdie Universalis. Dictionnaire des genres et des\nnotions littraires, Ed Seuil, Paris.\n- ADAM, (J.M.), Le rcit, Paris, 1984.\n- BALOULI, (F.), amagrad ef Salas d Nuja, Tamazit tura No 05, Ed HCA, Alger,\n- BARTHES, (R.), Introduction lanalyse structural des rcits, Ed Seuil,\n- BOYER, (.A.M.), Elment de littrature compare, Forme et genres,\nHachette Livre. 1996.\n- CHAKER, (S.), La naissance dune littrature crite, le cas berbre\n(kabylie) , In: Bulletin des tudes africains, No 17-18, Ed Inalco, Paris, 1992.\n- CAVAZZA, (M.), Narratologie et smantique: Pour une rfondation\nof Computing, TS1 3BA\nMiddlesbrough, United Kingdom.\n- COQUET, (J.C.), La qute du sens, le langage en question, chapitre\nInstances denonciation et modalits, Edition PUF, France, 1997.\n- COURTES, (J.), Smiotique narrative et discursive, Hachette Suprieur,\n- DUMORTIER, (J.L.), Tout petit trait de narratologie buissonires, Presse\nuniversitaire de Namur, Belgique, 2005.\n- GENETTE, (G.), Frontire du rcit, Communication No 8, Ed Seuil, 1981.\n- GENETTE, (G.), Figure III, Ed le Seuil, Paris, 1972.\n- GEORGE (J.), Le roman, Ed Seuil, Paris, 1971.\n- GOLDENSTIN, (J.P.), Lire le roman, Collection Savoir en Pratique,\nBruxelles, De Boeck et Ducolot, 1999.\n- HADDADOU, (M.A.), Introduction la littrature brbre, Ed HCA.\n- LACOSTE, (D.), Discours sociale et contexte de production, passage de\nloralit lcrit, Ed LAOB, 1979.\n- MAMMERI, (M.), Pome kabyles anciens, Ed Maspero, Paris, 1980.\n- MITTERAND, (H.), Le discour du roman, Ed PUF, Paris, 1980.\n- OUGOUAG-KEZZAI, (CH.), La rflexion sur la littrature orale, In: El\nInsane No01, Ed CRAPE, 1983.\n- SALHI, (M.A), Tiriwin n tsekla, timsirin tiseddawanin, Bouira, 20122013.\n- SCHEFFER, (J.M.) & DUCROT, (O.), Nouveau dictionnaire encyclopdique\ndes sciences du langage, Edition du Seuil, Paris, 1995.\n- TODOROV, (T.), La potique, in Encyclopdia Universalis, Dictionnaire\ndes genres et notion littraire, 2001.\n2-Idlisen s tarabt\n.1998 ( " ") 2 " "\n2000 . 1 . ( " " ) . 2003\n( " ") .2002\n( - ) 3 . . 2002\n- ABROUS, (D.), Rachid Alliche, in Hommes et femmes de kabylie, Ed inayas/Edisud, Aix-en-Provence, 2001.\n-AMEZIANE, (A.), Les formes littraires traditionnelles dans le roman kabyle :\ndu genre au procd, in Actes du colloque La littrature amazighe, oralit &\ncriture, spcificits & perspectives, IRCAM, Rabat, 2005.\n-AMEZIANE, (A.), Asseqdec n tsekla taqburt deg ungal I d wass n Amer\n- LOIKKANEN, (S.), Vocabulaire de roman kabyle (1981-1995), une tude\nquantitative in EDB, No15-16, Ed Edisud, Marseille, 1998.\n-SAADI, (N.), Lexpression de lidentit dans le roman Tafrara de Salem\nZenia , mmoire de Magister, universit Tizi-Ouzou, 2009.\n- Http:// www.Etudes-littraires/ histoire-roman.\n- Http:// www.transcript-review.org/fr.\n- Http: //www.Fabula.org, quelque deffenitions.\n- Http//: www.narratologie.com.\n- HEBERT, (L.), http://www signosemio.com/documents/ mthodologie\nanalyse- litteraire.pdf, Universit du Qubec Rimouski (Canada).\n- Http://www.espace francais.com/analyser-un-roman/.\n- Http:// www.Fabula.org.definition\n- BOUTLIOUA, (H.), Dictionnaire Trilingue (Franais-Tamazit-Arabe), Ed\nagadaz, Alger, 2008.\n- BEN TALEB, (B.), Mon matre, Dictionnaire: (Franais-Tamazit, TamazitFranais), Ed Ait Mouloud\n- Le petit Larousse, Edition Entirement Nouvelle, Paris.1998.\n- MAMMERI, (M.), Lexique de berbre moderne, Ed CNRPAH, Alger, 2008.\n- SALHI, (M.A.), Petit dictionnaire de littrature, Ed lOdysse, Alger, 2012.\n.1984 - .1979\nDocuments similaires à Tasledt n tsiwelt deg wungal Inig Aneggaru n Brahim TAZATART-Boubhira Hayet et Bouchouka Malika.pdf\nTemps Verbal, Aspect Et Point de Vue de La Langue Au Discours Bres\n1 EtudesRomanesDeBrno 46-2016!1!17\nCadernos pedagógicos _IMPORT.pdf\nEVALUATION M1 DEUXIEME SEMESTRE\nPlus de tirrasus\nPeintures Murales et Pratiques Magiques dans la Tribu Des Ouadhias - M. Devulder 1951\nLa Fille Sans Mains Contes Africains\n2012 Hch Nomadisme Touareg\nClo 232-63-64 Conter Entre Les Langues Et Les Cultures Circulation de La Parole Et Des Imaginaires\nParler Berbere de Timimoun\n'Un Roman Urbain (Mémoire de Magister)\nEssai de Catalogue Des Noms Arabes Et Berberes de Quelques Plantes 1200117439 (1)