Calhoun Community College has announced the names of those students qualifying for the President's List and Dean's List for the 2005 Spring Semester. Students are listed by hometowns.\nARAB, AL: Evelyn Houston, Vincent Liebner\nARDMORE , AL : Rachel Firestone, Jonathan Schrimsher, Matthew Shannon\nATHENS, AL: Joshua Abernathy, Whitney Ball, Brittany Brown, Donna Cantrell, Nicholas Case, Bradley Chittam, Kara Beth Crumbley, Connie Day, William Dean, Kim Delgado, Carroll Evans, Levi Gilbert, Deborah Goodman, Kirstie Goodwin, Joyce Jackson, Laura Keenum, Alan Lash, Jerry Lindeman, Andrew Lynn, John McGrew, Kelly Morrow, Kris Reisz, Brandi Richie, Jennifer Rogers, Anna Ryberg, Joshua Savage, Heather Shores, Sean Travis, Philip Turner, Rikki Waldrep, Walter Watts, Lana Wells, Nicholas Wilson\nBROWNSBORO , AL : Robert Albright, Randall Burke, Melody Corbin\nCULLMAN , AL : Darrin Smith\nDECATUR, AL: Tom Aldridge, Erica Allen, Erin Brown, Taylor Christopher, Jeanie Couts, Anthony Crutch, Jarrod Davis, Erica Haley, Kira Hughes, Stefani Jones, Ronda King, Wendy Landers, Holly Lansdell, Jessica Lee, Laura Mortensen, Jeffrey Porter, Celeste Powell, Robert Ray, Constance Senior, Naomi Sircy, Bethany Sledd, Cynthia Smith, Alan Spencer, Brandie Stevens, Charles Story, Joseph Strom, Carrie Swan, Weston Tanner, Sonya Terry\nELKMONT , AL : Jessica Border, Ryan Davenport , James Jump, Tyler Tucker\nFALKVILLE , AL : Rachel Carroll, Richard Hulsey, Tonya Wilson\nGURLEY , AL : Barry Glover, Wendell Walls\nHARTSELLE, AL: Sarah Allen, Jonathan Blaylock, Melanie Boyer, James Bridges, Wendell Callahan, Rachael Carden, Cassandra Counts, Charles Griffin, Angela Holtsclaw, Melanie Hughes, Kristy Kellick, Tyler King, Melanie Mabrey, Sara Richey, Kirk Roberts, Janice Telley, James Terry, Kristian Tuttle, Nicole Waits, Rita Williams\nHARVEST, AL : Bart Brown, Olivia Jack, Marysia McFann, Duane Smith, Tracey Williams\nHAZEL GREEN, AL : Tammy Cantrell, Daniel Godwin, Heidi Phillips, Matthew Stewart, Meggan Ursery, Jerod Whisenant\nHILLSBORO , AL : Janie Pitt\nHUNTSVILLE, AL: Jennifer Andrews, Karisa Austin, Kim Baptist, Patrick Battle, Heather Bilyeu, Shelby Brannon, Lance Bullock, Alisha Campbell, Erin Carmack, Charelle Causey, Susen Corbett, Dale Cross, Jeffery Dill, Jami Doyal, Stacey Drach, Kristofer Driggers, Margaret Farber, Delisha Fletcher, Jon Frederick, Joyce Garth-Jackson, Lynda Gregg, Stanley Helton, Halsey Hickman, Jennifer Hudson-Hayes, Lan Jones, Neharika Konda, David Landry, Tabitha Lawerence, Annya Lee, Anthony Lee, Inna Leistner, Diane Lombard, Justin Mahaffey, Anthony Malone, Leah Marshall, Kathryn McAllister, Tiffanie McCutchen, Charles McGuffey, Annamaria McGuffin, Michael Mercer, Donna Merchant, Anamarie Miller, Morris Morell, Victorine Nabare, Walter Olszewski, Joshlyn Pinckley, Kimberly Powell, Deborah Reels, Jason Richards, Stacey Riley, John Robinson, Holly Rodes, Esther Rose, Lillie Santiago, Madelyn Sartor, Scott Scheuermann, Maurine Scott, Michael Sims, Pamela Snead, Amy Tankesley, Charles ThunderEagle, Shana Trent, Jeffrey Wagner, Helen Wilkerson, Brandon Williams, Miranda Williams, Mensah Wilson, Renee Wyant\nJOPPA , AL : Lindsay Bailey\nLACEYS SPRING , AL : Kelly Bolding\nLESTER , AL : Bethany Jackson, Chasity Woodard\nMADISON, AL: Laureanne Bond, Jeni Bryant, Amanda Budagher, Shelley Carroll, Ji Sun Choe, David Gibbs, Anne Gumbert, Johnny Jefferson, Ashley Lang, Karen Lindsey, Pamela Medley, Sandra Meighen, Katherine Montalvo, Jonathan Moore, Rachel Pankey, Allison Parrish, LuAnn Petersen, Janet Phillips, Harold Powell, Austin Ramsay, Debbie Turner, Roy Wilson\nMERIDIANVILLE , AL : Carolyn Black, Samantha Owens, Taryn Perry, Sharon Sparks\nMOULTON, AL: Sonja Barber, Michelle Bates, Christine Henson, Robert Jones, Melanie Rose Landers, Crystal Proctor, Anthony Robinson, Jeremy Sherrill\nMUSCLE SHOALS, AL : Roy Gaisser\nNEW HOPE , AL : Ashley Keel\nNEW MARKET, AL : Todd Campbell, Cynthia Gurley, Heather Lamb, Lindsay Simon\nOWENS CROSS ROADS, AL : Miranda Harbin\nPRATTVILLE , AL : Amy Young\nREDSTONE ARSENAL, AL : Robert Carswell\nRUSSELLVILLE , AL : Whitney Vaughn\nSCOTTSBORO , AL : Sharon Harrison\nSOMERVILLE , AL : Katrina Cornwell, Rickey Crowe, Sara Mims, Jennifer Reed, William Smith\nTONEY, AL : Dominick Hambrick, Bradlie Pokrandt, John Ricks, Karen Sanderson, Michael Simmons\nTOWNCREEK , AL : Shannon McCorkle\nTRINITY, AL: Jason Hill, Randall Robinson, Kenney Voss\nUNION GROVE , AL : Kathryn Lucas\nWOODVILLE , AL : Judith Matthews\nArdmore , TN : Landon Bryan, Wes Bryan\nFayetteville , TN : James Ray\nProspect, TN: Jeannie Bass\nTaft , TN : Jericho English, Leigh Flynn, Aslam Khan\nRequirements: 12 or more semester hours at 3.50 - 3.99 with no grades below "C"\nARAB, AL: Elaine Karrh, Jessie Vassar\nARDMORE , AL : Megan Bland, Marilyn Childress, George Shannon, Micki Woodfin\nATHENS, AL: Wendy Adams, Amy Anderson, Anais Black, Bree Brasfield, Carol Brewer, John Browning, Molly Chittam, Heath Daws, Amanda Duren, Lori Elliott, Shannan Goolsby, James Harris, Lashawn Hicks, Meaghan Jackson, Devona Laipply, Bruchette Moore, Alyson Oliver, Russell Owens, Ivan Patino, Stephen Pendergrass, Kimberly Phillips, Jessica Pitts, Hazel Pugh, Sara Putman, Matthew Ragsdale, Barry Raybon, Heather Roberts, Lisa Russell, David Seat, Alan Shero, Brennen Smith, Julie Smith, Richard Smith, Jacob Sparks, Jessica Stinnett, Alisha Strasser, Dusty Taylor, Justin Tetreault, Eloisa Tovar, Rebecca Tribble, Jeannette Tucker, Beth Ann Vining, Misty Wilson-Baker, Michael Yarbrough, William Zeigler\nBROWNSBORO , AL : Tyler Dyer\nDANVILLE , AL : Emily Long, James Stover\nDECATUR, AL: Sherrie Ainley, Daniel Bogue, Amelia Boyd, Allison Brothers, Katie Clemons, Timothy Corley, Mary Craven, Elizabeth Crowell, Debra Dietz, Devin Drake, Pamela Edney, Royce Estes, Stephanie Gautreaux, Zachary Gillette, Ryan Hathaway, Neil Hayes, Tammy Haynes, James Holland, Jonas Hovater, Christopher Johnson, Ryan Justice, Derrick Knoblock, Kerri Lenox, Julie Magallon, Gabriel Moore, Stanley Moore, Jerry Owens, Tricia Peek, George Pirkle, Jeffrey Robinson, Jenna Satterfield, Philomena Smith, Heidi Staehling, Ryan Stidham, Seth Stidham, Reid Walker\nELKMONT , AL : Gregory Barnett, Dana Gibbs, Kristin Hathcoat, Angela Hicks, Melanie Marshall, Shana Morelli, Jennifer Owens, Amanda Pugh, Candy Richardson\nEXCEL, AL: Melissa Baggett\nFALKVILLE , AL : Benjamin Eubanks, Teresa Maddux, Lisa Miller , Shannon Stiles, Carrie Tomlin, Susan Wood\nGRANT , AL : Edward Moorefield\nGURLEY , AL : Rebecca Burchfield-Avery, Tiffany Harris, Jacob Jones, Ashley McKinney, Amy Williamson\nHARTSELLE, AL: Heather Bracken, Ashley Brown, Vickie Fontaine, Ashley Hill, Johnita Johnson, Jeremy Kilpatrick, Teresa King, Stephen Moore, Janet Parton, John Robertson, Keri Rodgers, Theresa Smith , Richard Stewart, Christopher Telley, Phillip Thomas, Kevin Wright\nHARVEST, AL: Matthew Anderson, Allison Black, Luz Bond, David Downs, Mimi King, Damon Lares, Kathleen Lechman, James MacDonald, Deborah Mcwhorter, Elizabeth Petersen, Amanda Reid, Jimmie Seawright, Rondall Thompson\nHAZEL GREEN, AL : Timothy Barnack, Christopher Franklin, Christopher Myers, Amelia Smith, Melissa Zeth\nHILLSBORO , AL : Christopher Bolden, Tessa Cottingham, Clayton Trawick\nHUNTSVILLE, AL: Azar Ardestani, Zoi Arpatziki, Lauren Atkins, Colisa Ballard, Kyle Beach, Dionne Bradley, Monika Brownfield, Donald Carr, John Colbert, Latasha Coleman, Sol Cordero, Jennifer Cox, Penny Davis, Raynah Dean, Christopher Doyle, Bertina Duke, Jessica Dullea, Merrie Duncan, Britney Dyess, Margaret Ernsberger, Samineh Esfahani, Laura Estes, Stephen Fields, Emma Fry, Kathleen Grannan, Jennifer Hanna, Chelsie Hardin, Maurice Hardin, Marilyn Hawkins, Alicia Hilton, April Hilton, Viet Hoang, James Holder, Stacy Holt, Berrender Hoyt, Sara Humphrey, Joshua Johnson, Sarah Johnstone, Meagan Jordan, John Jorgensen, Julia Kendrick, Sung Kim, Kristin Lanza, Jessica Logan, Jessica Luchner, Margaret Maloney, Meredith McCormack, Stephanie McCullar, Tracy McCulley, Michael Mcculley, Conrad McIntyre, Teruko McMillan, Melissa Meeks, Jennifer Moore, Krystle Muse, Mathias Nkengbeza, Maxime Nkoane, Amanda Page, Mikita Palmer, Jessica Parker, Angelia Perez, Celeste Pittman, Lana Porter, Ashley Pottenger, Michelle Reynolds, Michael Roth, Sabrina Ruffin, Lisa Saunders, Tiffany Schlosser, Stephen Schneider, Angie Sickler, Daniel Sillivant, Erika Sloan, Bethany Steelman, Timothy Steen, Peng Sun, Katie Sutphin, Erin Turney, Rachael Venable, Kristy Vigil, Kimberly Walker, Shawna Walker, La'tasha Watkins, Tiffany Watkins, Anastasios Xenofos\nLACEYS SPRING , AL : Mary Montgomery\nMADISON, AL: Olivia Augustus, Virginia Baldonado, David Bennett, Vaughn Bocchino, Richard Bolyard, Joyce Brown, Katherine Brown, Timothy Chambers, Lauren Cobb, Beverly Cox, Kristalea Dabai, Lisa Davis, Alex Durie, Jennifer Giannelli, Jason Hancock, William Hancock, Andrew Handley, Virginia Hargrave, Amber Horton, Susan Hughes, Benjamin Ingrum, Natalie Khodanian, Joshua Knight, David Krautter, Penny Love, Angela McKinney, Bonnie Medrano, Jason Miller, Tamika Moore, Stephen Newton, Heather Nichols-Davenport Jennifer Nix, James Oppman, Carl Orr, Rebekah Perry, Mary Pettigrew, Christopher Porter, Jeffrey Rathz, Lindsey Robinson, Judy Sanderson, Jennifer Seawright, Charlene Shin, Brian Smith, Robert Smith, Dustin Spane, Jing Tang, Susan Tolleson, Erik Walsh, Clayton Wills, Kaelie Wolf\nMERIDIANVILLE , AL : Melanie Mount\nMOULTON, AL: Sean Boyll, Lesli Bradford, Emili Heflin, David Jackson, Randy Miller, Lindsay Myers, Michael Parker, Donna Pendleton, Lashaina Porter, Marshall Turner\nNEW HOPE , AL : Danielle Austin, Richard Jones\nNEW MARKET, AL: Nickalous Atchley, Kelley King, Amanda Peiffer, Brandi Ricketts, Octavia Rivers, Jeremiah Taylor, Rachel Willson, William Wright\nOWENS CROSS ROADS, AL : Kayse Cowley, John Martin\nROGERSVILLE , AL : James Blankenship, Lisa Cuevas, Michael Williamson\nRUSSELLVILLE , AL : Betsy Alonso, Robert Johnson\nSCOTTSBORO , AL : Ray Thompson\nSOMERVILLE , AL : Laura Fagerman, Kimberly Hazel, Joy Ricks, Claudia Walden\nTANNER, AL : Franklin Earnest, Morgan Montgomery, Paul Montgomery\nTONEY, AL : Bridget Braswell, Nicole Burks, Kimberly Clark, Curtis Cummings, Heather Edgerly, Paula Lacey, Jamie Malone, Robby Schrimsher, Cindi Vickers\nTOWN CREEK , AL : James Crosslin, Holly Hallman, Samantha Hill\nTRENTON , AL : Emily Gentle\nTRINITY, AL: Laura Barkett, Denise Byrd, Kimberly Eaton, Marquenta Gray, Michael Kirby\nUNION GROVE , AL : Joseph Nay, Jeremy Royster\nGoodyear , AZ : Kristin Naugher\nConyers , GA : Gina Orr\nArdmore , TN : Jonathon Bryant\nCowan, TN: Emily Farmer\nGoodspring , TN : Andrew Risner\nProspect, TN: Nina Birdsong\nPulaski , TN : Michael Adams\nCalhoun president's and dean's lists, The Huntsville Times, Sunday, July 24, 2005 issue, p. F12\nCalhoun honors, The Decatur Daily, Sunday, June 19, 2005 issue, p. E7


Faculty List A-Z - Lesley University Prospective StudentsProspective StudentsAdmissionsAll Degrees and ProgramsBachelor's Degree CompletionCatalogsCommunity ServiceCourse Listings (LOIS)Educator LicensureFinancial AidInternshipsLife in Cambridge and BostonOpen HousesSchedule a VisitStudent HousingStudy AbroadTechnology SupportTransfersVeteransCurrent StudentsCurrent StudentsAcademic CalendarsAdmissions OpportunitiesCareer Resource CenterCatalogsClubs and OrganizationsCommutersConsent CampaignEducator LicensureEmailFinancial AidInternational Student ServicesInternships and Field PlacementsLibrariesLOISmyLesleyRegistrarStudent AccountsStudent HousingStudent LifeStudy AbroadTechnology SupportParents & FamiliesParents & FamiliesAdmissionsCareer Planning and EmploymentFinancial AidHealth ServicesMaps and DirectionsOpen HousesPublic SafetySchedule a VisitStudent HousingStudy AbroadUniversity PoliciesFaculty & StaffFaculty & StaffAcademic CalendarsAdjunct FacultyDirectoryEmailFinance OfficeIntranetmyLesleyNewsUpcoming EventsAlumni & FriendsAlumni & FriendsBenefitsContact UsGet InvolvedStay ConnectedSupport LesleyTranscriptsUpcoming Events\nA complete listing of all Lesley University faculty, listed alphabetically by last name\nA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y ZAJan AbramovitzLeslie AdamsMarianne AdamsAnthony ApesosSusan AshbrookKate AustinJan AvgikosBFia BackstromCatriona BakerChristine BannaTracey BaptisteKatherine BaroneGeoffrey BarnesWilliam BarowyJudith BarryEmma BartonDeborah BauchNancy BeardallBrian BeckerMichael BedfordErin BelieuSteve BensonBerta Rosa BerrizAziza BeyGeorge BlakesleeStephen BoberJennifer BogardSharyn BoornazianRachel BordelonPamela BourkeGay BradshawJami BrandliLinda BrennanBarry BrodskyMarcia BromfieldTerry BromfieldBryan Brophy-BaermannJane BroxSharon BryanLucy BunningDawn BurauMeg BurnsJulia ByersCTeresa CaderLouise Boyd CadwellGail CahillRafael CampoMary Ann CappielloNancy Jo CardilloVivian CarloNancy Carlsson-PaigeRichard CarterSusanne CarterRichard CassMariagnese CattaneoMatthew CherryMeenakshi ChhabraJohn CieslukTheresa CitarellaSummer ClarkBrad ClompusSharlene Voogd CochraneJudith Beth CohenAnne CollinsChristine CollinsJudith ConleyLori Conlon KhanPete CormierSylvia CowanSteven CramerMaureen Creegan-QuinquisRobyn Flaum-CruzLiv CumminsSusan CusackDArlene DallalfarFrank DanielloMichael DavidDeborah DavidsonSarah DavilaErika Thulin DawesRegis de SilvaAdam DeleidiGregory DenmanCynthia DenmatGene DiazKrista DiGregorioMarebeth DiMareDiana C. DireiterMary Dockray Miller Lorraine DoneLisa DonovanEugene DorganCindy DownendDebbie DownesRebecca DuffyE Patrick Elkins-ZeglarskiDavid ElliotGrace EnriquezTony EprileKaren EstrellaJane Etish-AndrewsJill EurichChristine A. EvansBeverley Cush EvansFGene FerraroLily FessendenPaul A. FidelerLisa FioreSuzanne FlynnLiza FolmanLaurie FoosMichele ForinashIrene FountasJune T. FoxKarin FreedGeoffry FriedKaren FrostigGKaren GartlandTimothy GeersMary Geisser Joseph GennettiDanielle GeorgesSusan GereRobert GiffordJohn GoodmanSusan GoodmanRita GordonCara GorhamStephen GouldBarbara GovendoScott GovoniKaryn GraceLorraine GreenfieldSusan GrissHDonna L. HalperElizabeth HamblinZiad HamzehAbigail HanscomPriscilla HarmelChristine Harrison Jo-Anne HartCheryl HaugNancy V. HeimsBrenda HeimanGeorge HeinCaroline HellerSantiago HernandezDavid HilliardSven HolchJeremy HolmanJoan HoulihanIMichael IlluzziJohn IvimeyJChristopher JamesMark JamesJonathan JeffersonM. Francine JenningsJay JonesMarjorie JonesSarah JordanRicardo JunqueraMichelle JoubertKRachel KadishGina KamentskyHester KaplanUlas KaplanCarmin KarasicJared KassTomoyo KawanoElizabeth KeefeJames KeefeTerrence KeeneyElizabeth KellogMichael KemehJamie KendrioskiPerah KessmanJohnathan KimMichaela KirbyNeal KleinRosemarie Knickles Dawn KolakoskiEva KonstantellouMitchell KossakJohn KramerLisa KuhMelissa KwasnyLRon LamotheKristina Lamour-SansoneNella LaRosa-WatersAudrey LaValleeMary Beth LawtonAnne LarkinLaura Schall-LeckroneDebbie LeeKeenanLinda LengyelJack LevyAlbert LiauKathleen LinnaneMargaret LippertDalia LleraYvonne Liu-ConstantVincent M. LivotiBruce M LoganKimberly LoweMichael LowenthalJanel LucasWilliam LychackChris LynchJayne LynchMHeather MacdonaldMargaret Read MacDonaldKeith MacLellandLeslie MaconeRachel ManleyVivien Marcow-SpeiserBenjamin MardellAlison MarshallHannah MartonRebecca MasonDon MastrobuonoMargaret MaterazzoBrenda MatthisMichael MatvichukLisa McBrideHelen McDonaldSusan McFarlandRobert McGrathMary McMackinAmy MertlRoland MerulloKate MilanoMargery Staman MillerMarcia MishleyWilliam MitchellEvelyn MooreKyoko MoriDavid MorimotoPatricia MorrisseyAnn Moritz Kara MortonLaurie Moskowitz-CorroisSue MotulskyFederico MuchnikNMatthew NashPaul NasoMarion NesbitMichael NewmanRonan NooneDavid NurenbergOColeen O'ConnellJames O'KeefeKaren OldoniColleen O'NeilPMichael PabianMichelle PateOscar PalacioLouise PascaleSusan PattersonJeffrey PerrinEmily PerronNancy PetersonPamela PetroAngelica Pinna-PerezAnne Elizabeth PlutoJanet PocorrobbaVivian PoeyBill PorterDiane PowellSuzanne PrattKevin PruferPasquale PuleoRJo RadnerKelvin RamirezSusan RauchwerkRick RawlinsRick ReinkrautJason ReynoldsBranca Telles RibeiroChris RichardsonJane Ferris RichardsonJulie RoachNancy RobertsBonnell RobinsonHeather RodmanArlyn RoffmanEleanor RoffmanClara Eugenia RonderosPeter RostovskyRobin RothKim RueggerAndre RueschAmy Rutstein-RileyJoan RyanSNisha SajnaniRakhshanda SaleemDonna San AntonioPriscilla SanvilleSunanda K SanyalJanet SauerBennett SavitzEllen SchönJulie ShoemakerMaria de Lourdes B. SerpaSeema SgobboHeather ShawChristina SheaJessica ShermanValerie Harlow ShinasKimberly SilbaughDouglas SiroisHelen SiskBen SloatKate SnodgrassDonna SochaJessica SomersYoung Imm Kang SongStephanie SpadorciaLaurel SparksDeborah SpraggStuart SteckBarbara SteckelWilliam StokesCarolyn Russell StonewellBrandon StrathmannCarol StreitJoanne SzamretaTXueli TanLeela TanikellaJuliana TexleyMichael ThibodeauRobert ThomasJoan ThormannDeb Todd WheelerSidney TranthamLinda TriplettFrank TroccoUSinan UnelBrian UnwinVThomas VaughnA.J. VerdelleAngela Vierling-ClaassenElissa Von Letkemann\nWAmanda WagerAndrea WalgrenJan WallNancy WaringOliver WasowRobert WauhkonenNicole WeberErika Weberg-VinaMarjorie WechslerRichard G. WeissmanDiane WilcoxYMaureen YoderLisa YoungSteve YurekZRebecca ZarateSara ZarrSuzanne Zmijewski\nArt Education and Creative Arts in Learning\nEarly Childhood Education (BA) Early Childhood Education (Graduate)\nLanguage and Literacy (Graduate)\nMiddle School and Secondary Education (BA)\nMiddle School and High School Programs (Graduate)


NFA01250 by AIRCELL - Buy or Repair at Radwell - Radwell.co.uk\nHome > Electrical Products > Lugs & Connectors > AIRCELL > NFA01250\nIf you need a specific NFA01250 firmware or series, then we probably have it. Please call or email us your request.\nNFA01250 Manufactured by AIRCELL


Uwch Swyddog Cyfathrebu Digidol (cyfnod penodol 12 mis)\n£34,555 - £38,813 y flwyddyn\nRydym yn edrych i lenwi rôl allweddol sef Uwch Swyddog Cyfathrebu Digidol yn ein tîm prysur tra bo deiliad y swydd ar gyfnod mamolaeth.\nByddwch yn chwarae rôl bwysig yn arwain y gwaith o ddatblygu cynnyrch a sianeli digidol effeithiol. Byddwch hefyd yn darparu cyngor strategol a thechnegol i eraill yn y sefydliad ynghylch sut gallant fodloni ein gofynion digidol a chyrraedd ein safonau hygyrchedd yn eu prosiectau.\nArwain ar ansawdd cyffredinol y cynnyrch digidol\nYmgyrchoedd a chyfathrebu digidol\nCynghori cydweithwyr ar gomisiynu prosiectau digidol, a’u cefnogi – gan sicrhau fod anghenion defnyddwyr a gofynion cydymffurfio digidol yn cael sylw\nRheoli ymchwil defnyddwyr i gynnyrch a gwasanaethau digidol fel sail ar gyfer gwelliant parhaus\nRheoli’r gwaith o ddatblygu a llywodraethu cynnwys gwefan a llwyfan Egwyddorion a Gwerthoedd Gofal Cymdeithasol Cymru\nRydym ni’n chwilio am berson sy’n gallu gweithredu pob rhan o’r swydd yn y Gymraeg a'r Saesneg. Er bod gennym ni swyddfeydd yng Nghaerdydd a Llanelwy, rydyn ni i gyd yn gweithio gartref ar hyn o bryd ac rydym ni’n disgwyl y bydd hyn yn parhau am ychydig eto.\nByddwn ni’n cynnal cyfweliadau ar gyfer y rhai ar y rhestr fer ar 16 Awst. Rydym ni’n cynnal ein holl gyfweliadau dros Zoom ar hyn o bryd ac os ydych chi’n cael eich gwahodd i gyfweliad, byddwn ni’n rhoi cyfle i chi ei brofi ymlaen llaw, os nad ydych chi’n gyfarwydd ag ef.\nOs oes gennych chi unrhyw gwestiynau am y swydd, cysylltwch â Malcolm Williams, Rheolwr Cyfathrebu a Materion Cyhoeddus, ar malcolm.williams@gofalcymdeithasol.cymru


Author anyAbdallah, TAbdel-Kader, M HAbdelhafiz, A AAbdellah, A MAbdoon, A SAdbel-Ghani, Nour TAdibi, AAfifi, M MAgarwal, AAhmad, Samera Ahmad, TS Ahmadi, Temer SAhmed, S MAioub, MAioub, Mena SAkhtari, K. Al-Abd, A MAl-Ashqar, Eal.Alabbady, A. Alamgir, FAlamgir, F MAlamgir, Faisal MAli, M.R. Ali, M R KAli, Moustafa RK Ali, HR Alizadeh, R.H. Alkilany, A MAllam, Nageh KAllam, N KAllam, Nageh AlQaradawi, S YAmbalavanan, Namasivayam Amen, K.M. Amer, A WAneja, R. Asahi, TAsiri, Abdullah MAttar, F. Austin, Lauren Austin, L AAustin, Lauren AAwad, Elias SAziz, F.M. Barry, B ABeeby, ABellamkonda, R VBiesso, ABiswas, Sushmita Blinn, KBlinn, Kevin SBoone, EBordley, JA Bordley, Justin ABottomley, L ABottomley, Lawrence ABoussac, ABräuchle, Christoph Braun, Markus Browner, Richard Bryant, JBryant, G WBunz, U H FBunz, UBurda, C. Burda, Clemens Burgin, JBurke, SCai, YCai, LCapel, Malcom Castro, DChakravarty, PChamanzar, MChang, HChávez, Jorge LChen, DChen, K. Chen, KChen, PChen, Georgia Chen, P CChen, Dongchang Chen, XChen, JCheng, SChu, H HChu, L KCohen, Marvin LCollard, D MCombs, Z ACombs, Zachary ACusanovich, M ADahmen, KDansby, K. Darugar, QDefo, B A TDel Fatti, NDevanathan, SDickerson, E BDing, YDong, JDong, BDonlan, R MDoshi, PDreaden, Erik CDreaden, E CDreaden, Erik CDrummy, Lawrence FDuan, J SEbong, AEdmonds, PEftekhar, A A ;Eisa, W HEl-Borady, Ola MEl-Nadi, L MEL-Sayed, Mostafa AEl-Sayed, I HEl-Sayed, M AEl-Sayed, I. El-Sayed, Mostafa AEl-Sayed, Mostafa El-Sayed, I HEl-Sayed, M A ;El-Sayed, MEl-Sayed, M.A. El-Shabrawy, O AEl-Shaer, M AEl-Shenawy, S MEl‐Sayed, Mostafa AEl‐Sayed, M AEremenko, AEustis, Susie Fagerquist, Clifton KFaiad, A AFalahati, M. Fang, N. Fang, Y CFang, NFarag, N MFarghali, H.A. Fathi, Shaghayegh FitzGerald, SFreitas, John EFujii, Tsuneo Fujii, TFurube, AGaddis, C SGan, D JGanzoury, M AGao, R PGao, J PGarczarek, FGarlapati, C. Garlyyev, BGarlyyev, Batyr Garmestani, HGeldmeier, J AGeldmeier, Jeffrey AGeng, JGerwert, KGetmanenko, Yulia AGhuman, K KGoodson, TGoodson III, TGreen, T CGriffiths, Jennifer AGriﬂiths, Jennifer Grobmyer, SR Gryder, B EGupta, Maneesh KHafez, AHamedani, H AHan, THasan, A. Hathcock, D JHayden, SHayden, S CHe, MHenglein, AHesabi, Z RHeyes, C DHira, Steven MHira, S MHoch, L BHolland, NHong, X MHong, X YHooshmand, NHooshmand, Nasrin Hosseinali, S.H. Hsu, H YHuang, Wenyu YHuang, Xiaohua HHuang, X HHuang, XHughes, Robert AHumphries, William HHumstoe, J OHun, MHunter, R EHwang, Hyun Jin Hwangl, Hyun Jin Ismail, Yehea Ismail, K ZIsmail, YJain, Prashant KJames, Masheika Jang, HJang, S SJeon, J -WJeon, JW Jilling, Tamas Jradi, Fadi MJung, Kwang-Woo Kageshima, Y. Kamalov, Valey FKang, Bing Kang, KKang, S. Kang, Xiongwu Kang, Bin Kang, BKelley‐Loughnane, Nancy Kerszulis, Justin Khalifa, A MKherani, N PKhoury, J TKieffer, M JKim, H TKing, John Kodiyath, Rajesh Koenig, Tobias Kondo, H. Konig, Tobias König, Tobias Konig, Tobias A FKönig, Tobias AF Kostova, I. König, Tobias Kramer, RKrylova, GLandes, Christy FLandes, Christy Landman, ULangot, PLanyi, Janos KLaurent, S. Ledin, Petr ALedin, P ALee, Jung-Pil Lee, S MLee, K SLi, YLi, X NLi, Xiaxi Li, X XLink, Stephan Lisunova, MLittle, Reginald BLiu, CLiu, Meilin Liu, M LLiu, A. Liu, MLiu, M FLiu, S YLogunov, Stephan LLoh, J YLopez-Sanchez, J.A. Lyon, L AMacheret, FMackey, Megan AMackey, M AMackey, Megan Mahmoud, M.A. Mahmoud, Mahmoud Mahmoud, Mahmoud. AMahmoud, M AMahmoud, Mahmoud AMahmoud, S SMahmoud, MMaillard, Mathieu Malak, Sidney TMarder, Seth RMarguet, SMascher, Peter Masciangioli, Tina MMascianglioli, TMasuda, Satoshi Masuhara, Hiroshi Masuhara, HMattioli, T AMcDonald, J FMilam, V TMiranda, O RMiyashita, Kyohei Mobley, James Mohamed, MB Mohamed, Mona BMolin, I U NMoran, C EMorita, Hiroshi Mousavi, S ;Mousavi, HMurali, RMurga, RMurphy, C JMwakwari, S CMwakwari, Sandra CNaik, Swati Nara, Masayuki Narasimha, SNarayanan, Radha Nashed, RNashed, Ramy Nazemi, M. Nazemi, MNear, Rachel Near, R DNear, RNegm, SNepal, Dhriti Neretina, Svetlana Nie, Shuming MNikoobakht, Babak Nishikiori, HNishikiori, Hiromasa O'Neil, DO'Neil, Daniel Ogawa, SOsman, A.H. Ou, P. Oyelere, Adegboyega KOyelere, A KOyelere, Adegboyega Ozin, G AOzturk, RO’Neil, Daniel Pachter, RPajares, Gabriel Panikkanvalappil, S R ;Panikkanvalappil, Sajanlal RPanikkanvalappil, S.R. Panikkanvalappil, S RPark, Soojin Parker, Timothy CPeek, Mary EPeng, Xianghong HPetek, HPetroski, J MPhillips, R LPi, MPiede, J APileni, Marie-Paule Poncheri, A JPonder, J FPrausnitz, M RPreston, John SPriecel, P. Pushpanketh, SQian, Wei Qian, WQu, C. Quarles, L DQuigley, ERahman, MA Raji, Idris OReynolds, K BReynolds, J RReynolds, John RRohatgi, ARommel, Kathryn RRoselli, Cecile Rotello, V MRubio, Angel Russell, Michael Saboury, A.A. Saha, KSaira, FSalah, NSalem, H GSalihi, A. Sandhage, KSanii, L SSaxton, RSAXTON, R ESchaaff, T GSchatz, GC Schill, A WSchmidt-Krey, ISelim, S.A. Sensharma, Dilip KSetiawan, RSetiawan, Rudi Agus Setiawan, R ASeung-Soon, Jang Shabaka, A AShaheen, B SSharifi, M. Shekha, M.S. Shevchenko, Valery Shin, Dong MSilva, C. Singh, C VSmirnova, NSmith, M.J. Snyder, BSodji, Q HSong, Li Song, J. Soule, L. Sulchek, T.A. Svirko, Y PSzymanski, Paul Szymanski, PTabor, C ETabor, CTaghizadeh, A. Takami, STalaat, M HTanaka, ITanaka, NTang, YTasumi, Mitsuo Teshima, K. Thackston, DTkachenko, Ihor MTollin, GTsukruk, Vladimir VTsukruk, V.V. Tsukruk, V VUesugi, Yohei Uesugi, YVaia, Richard AVallee, FValverde-Chávez, D.A. Van Haute, DVarnavski, O PVolkov, V VWaller, G.H. Wang, Z LWang, Jianping Wang, Yuxiang Wang, Yiqing Wang, J.H. Wang, FWeng, GWhetten, R LWu, Shuguang Wu, YWu, Y. Xiong, XXiong, RYang, Difei Yassin, N AYen, C WYi, X BYoo, Seoung-Kyo Yoo, Seungmin Yoo, J WYu, S. Zewail, Ahmed ZHANG, N Y IZhang, S. Zhang, SZhang, NZhang, KZhang, J ZZhao, BZhao, G XZhelyaskov, VZhou, J. Zhou, JZou, Bingsuo S


Author anyAbdel-Rahman, Dina Abdul-Kabir, Saburah Abella, Benjamin SAdams, Nancy KassamAhmedani, Brian K.Aitken, Leanne MAlbert, Dustin Albert, Dustin Albrecht, Terrance Alderfer, Melissa AAlexander, KA Alisic, Eva Allison, Mari AAllison, Paul DAlonso-Tapia, Jesús Alpern, EAlpern, E RAnderko, R LAnderson, Karen MAndersson, Marianne Angelucci, Jennifer Aplenc, Richard Applegate, S MArbogast, Kristy BArbogast, Kristy BArbogast, Kristy AArena, K Armstrong, Daniel FAronson, Paul LAto, Tadayuki Babl, Franz EBach, LBae, Hanah Bagden, Loretta Baiocchi, Michael Bair-Merritt, Megan HBaker, Douglas MBaker, Courtney NBaker, S PBaker, Julia MBakes, Katherine MBakker, Anne Balasubramanian, Sriram Banwell, Brenda LBarakat, Lamia PBarakat, Lamia Barber, Beth ABaren, Jill MBarg, F KBarg, Frances KBarnes, Richard Baskett, Jerilyn Bass, Sarah Bass, S.B. Basta, Luke Baxt, Chiara Beacham, BBecic, Ensar Beck, Robert Becker, Marla Becker, Julie Beidas, Rinad S.Belcher, Harolyn Bell, JM Bell, Jeneita MBelwadi, Aditya Benson, Al BBerg, Robert ABerg, Robert Berg, H-YBergstein, JBerkowitz, Steven JBernhardt, Jay MBerrigan, Lindsay Betancourt, Laura MBethel, Tracy Bevans, Katherine BBhatia, EBieber, Eric JBilaniuk, Larissa TBin Zahid, Abdullah Bishnoi, Ram Blackstone, Mercedes MBlanchard, Deena Bloom, Sandra L.Blum, Nathan JBlume, Heidi KBluthenthal, Ricky Blutinger, Erik JBohinski, JBohman, Katarina Boivin, J FBolte, John HBonfiglio, Dana Bonfiglio, Dana Bonifacio, Erin Bosquet Enlow, Michelle Bostrom, Ola Boulet, John Bradshaw, Ayana SBradshaw, Catherine P.Branas, Charles CBrawner, Bridgette MBrawner, BM Breiding, MJ Breiding, Matthew JBriggs, Ernestine CBright, Mary AnneBrilliant, Anna NBrown, Daniel PBrown, Gregory K.Browne, Kevin DBruce, Marta MBryant-Stephens, TBui, Eric Bull, Marilyn JBull, M JBurns, Michele MBurton, LBurton, Leslie AButler, Lucas Buttenheim, Alison MBuzaglo, Joanne Cahill, AM Calello, Diane PCalhoun, Deane Calkins, Monica ECallahan, James MCalne, D BCampbell, Marie Carr, Brendan GCaruso, Carolyn Castner, Thomas Catallozzi, Marina Cegala, Donald JChaivous, J Chamberlain, Samuel Charap, Ellen SpeckerCharlton, Judith Charlton, Judith LChen, I GChen, Irene GChen, Irene Cheney, Rose ACheng, Tina LChester, Mikhail VChristian, Cindy WChute, Douglas Ciesla, Jeffrey ACiesla, Jeffrey Cirilli, Carla Clawson, Kathleen Clements, CCnaan, Avital Cnaan, ACofer, JCohen, Akiva SCohen, JCohn, Jennifer MCollins, Michael Collins, Michael ACommittee on Injury, Violence, and Poison PreventionCommittee on Pediatric Emergency MedicineConstans, Eric Conway, Alexandra TCooper, John Corbin, Theodore JCornejo, Rebecca ACoronado, Victor GCorregano, LM Corregano, Lauren MCorwin, Daniel JCostigan, T.E. Coughlin, Katherine Coupet, Edouard Cowell, JM Cox, T ACraig, Matthew Crandall, J RCrandall, Jeff RCreed, Torrey Crick, Nicki RCronholm, Peter FCrookes, D Cross, Suzanne LCross, Suzanne Cuadra, Anai Culhane, Dennis Culhane, Dennis PCullen, Kacy Culyba, Alison Culyba, Alison JCunningham, Rebecca Curry, A ECurry, Allison ECurry, Allison ECurtis, Sarah Cutuli, J JD'Alonzo, Bernadette ADahle, Eric Dahle, Eric Dalgleish, Tim Daly, Brian PDaly, Lauren Dammavalam, Vikalpa MDamon, Andrew Darlow, Susan Datner, Elizabeth MDatner, E MDavis, Daniela HDavis, Stacy NDavis, Martha BDavis, Martha Davis, S Deatrick, Janet ADelahanty, Douglas LDelgado, Kit MDenardo, Matthew BDennis, Nate JDennis, Durbin RDenysenko, Lex DePadilla, Lara Deshpande, Sameer KDevarajan, Karthik Diamond, Guy SDiamond, Guy Dicker, Rochelle Diefenbach, Michael Diefenbach, Michael ADixon, Clare Dodd, Andrew BDolan, Margaret ADonlon, K ADonlon, Katharine ADonoghue, Aaron Donoghue, Aaron JDonoghue, A JDorsch, Andrea Douglas, Ethan CDoupnik, Stephanie KDrago, D ADraus, John MDress, Erich MDrews-Botsch, Carolyn DS, Caplow-Munro Dubrow, Robert Durbin, Dennis Durbin, Dennis RDuvoisin, R CDuyck Woolf, KDV, McGehee Eagan-Brown, Brenda LEagle, Audrey Eagle, Audrey Egleston, Brian LEhlers, Anke Eilevstjønn, Joar Elliot, Michael RElliott, Michael Elliott, Michael RElliott, M RElliott, MElliott, Michael RElzarka, Ayya Engel-Rebitzer, Eden Eppich, Walter JErkoboni, Danielle Esposito, Jeremy Evans, Susan LEverett, JFargo, Jamison Fargo, Jamison DFargo, Jamison DFein, Joel Fein, Joel AFein, Joel AFeinberg, Betsy EFerguson, Rennie WFernandez, M Feudtner, Chris Fiks, Alexander GFischer, Kyle RFishe, JN Fisher, DL Fisher, D LFisher, Donald LFisher-Thiel, MFitzGerald, Patrick Flamma, J CFlannagan, Carol AFleisher, Courtney Landau Fleisher, Linda Fleming, Michael FFlibotte, John Flynn, Kalen Folweiler, Kaitlin AForke, Christine MForman, Jason Fortes, Jose AFoss, Robert DFraser, Andrew MFrasso, Rosemary Freedman, Melanie AFrisch, Keri Funk, Jeanne BGallagher, P RGallaway, Michael García-Espaňa, Felipe JGarcía-España, Felipe Garcia-España, J FGarcia-España, Felipe García-España, Felipe JGarcia-España, Felipe JGarcia-Espana, Felipe Garrido-Hernansaiz, Helena Gavin, Maureen Gaw, Christopher EGehring, Wendy Ghati, Yoganand Gibbon, M.C. 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JMetheny, Hannah Metheny, Hannah EMetzger, K BMetzger, Kristina BMetzger, Kristi Mietus, Constance JMillard, Jennifer Miller, Dawn MMiller, Victoria AMiller, Gwenyth JMiller, V AMiller, Elizabeth Miller, Jordan EMiller, S Miller, Suzanne MMiller, Ted RMiloradovich, J Mirman, JH Mirman, Daniel Mirman, Jessica HMirman, Jessica HMittal, Manoj KMoll, E KMoll, Elisa KMollen, C JMollen, Cynthia JMollen, Cynthia JMong, D AMonopoli, John Montaño, Zorash Moore, Dirk Morgan, Richard MMorra, Marion EMorra, Marion Morris, Shannon DMorris, S DMorrison, Melissa Muñoz, Cynthia Munro, Melissa AMunshi, Teja Murad, Mohannad Murray, Carol Myers, Rachel KNadel, Frances MNadkarni, Lauren Nadkarni, Vinay Nadkarni, Vinay MNagele, Drew ANahlik, Matthew JNance, Michael Nance, Michael LNecowitz-Hoffman, Beth Nelson, Deborah B.Nelson, Kristen LNelson, Kyle ANguyen, E Nicholls, Elizabeth Niles, Dana ENiles, Dana Nishisaki, Akira Nixon, Reginald D VNorris, CNorris, Marisol SNysaether, Jon Nysæther, Jon O'Donnell, Katherine AO'Neil, Joseph Obeid, Elias Olff, Miranda Ontanon, Santiago Orwin, Robert Osterhoudt, Kevin COstrowski-Delahanty, S Ostrowski-Delahanty, Sarah Otoya, LOtto, Nicole Ouimet, M COzanne-Smith, Joan Pachter, Lee MPailler, Megan EPalakshappa, Deepak Palmieri, Patrick APalmisciano, Lynne MPalumbo, Aimee JParent, Daniel PPark, Myung SPark, Yong Parker, James Parker, James Parri, Niccolò Pas, Elise T.Paskewich, Brooke Paterno, Rosalia Pedder, Jocelyn Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network PECARNPediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics (PEMCRC)Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics PEMCRCPediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC)Pediatric Emergency Research Canada PERCPediatric Emergency Research in the United Kingdom and Ireland (PERUKI)Pediatric Emergency Research in the United Kingdom and Ireland PERUKIPediatric Emergency Research Networks (PERN)Pediatric Emergency Research Networks PERNPediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)Pediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative PREDICTPeek-Asa, Corinne Penn, Joseph VPerrone, Jeanmarie Pfeiffer, Melissa RPfeiffer, Melissa RPiesse, Andrea Pintar, Frank APipkorn, Bengt Podolak, Olivia Pollatsek, A PPoole, David Posner, Jill CPosner, J CPosner, JPower, Thomas JPower, T.J. Power, Thomas JPower, Thomas Prabahar, Abhiti Pradhan, Anuj KPradhan, APrice, Janet PPropert, Kathleen JPutt, Mary EPuzino, Kristina Qiu, Maylene KefengQuinlan, Kyran PQuistberg, Alex DRabinowitz, Amanda RRagsdale, Lindsay BRaich, Peter CRains, Mark Raivitch, S Raivitch, Stephanie Ramsdell, Katharine DonlonRamsdell, KD Ratcliffe, Sarah JReed, Matthew PReed, RResearch in European Pediatric Emergency Medicine (REPEM)Research in European Pediatric Emergency Medicine REPEMRich, John ARichmond, Therese SRichmond, Therese SRichmond, T RRidella, Stephen ARiley, Patrick Rineer, CRitterband, Lee Rivara, Frederick PRivers, Brian MRoach, Nancy Roan, Carol LRoberts, DRoberts, Kathryn ERobinson, Roni LRobinson, Andrew Robinson, RL Rodoletz, Michele Rodríguez-Rey, Rocío Roehler, Douglas RRogers, Rachel Rogers, Mary Romer, Dan Romer, Daniel Romer, Daniel Romer, Dan Romoser, Matthew R ERomoser, ME Ropka, Mary Ropka, Mary ERork, Kristine Ross, James GRoss, Eric ARouhana, S WRourke, Mary Rouxiang, Cao Roy, Amy DRubin, David MRuggieri, Dominique GRunge, Jeffrey Rusten, Cheryl Rustveld, L.O. Ruth, Karen JRutherford, George WRuzek, Sheryl BurtRyan, LM Ryerson, Megan SRzucidlo, Susan S, Chamberlain Saffioti, Jami Samadani, Uzma Samuel, Sandy Samuels, Marina Samuels, Marina ASandsmark, Danielle KSauber-Schatz, Erin KSaulsgiver, Kathryn ASaxe, Glenn Scarfone, Steven RScheiman, Mitchell Schlundt, D GSchmidt, Lyndsay RSchneider, Stephanie Schulman, Kevin ASchultheis, Maria Schultheis, Maria TSchwab, William CSchwartz, Sanford JSchwarz, Donald FSchwarz, D FSeacrist, Thomas Seacrist, Thomas Seacrist, Thomas SSeacrist, Thomas SSeegan, Paige Seegan, P Seiden, Jeffrey ASeifert, Sara JSeifert, Sara Senserrick, Teresa MSenserrick, T MSetubal, Claudia Shaff, Nicholas AShaik, Aleesha Shaikh, M Shapiro, Edward SShapiro, Eugene DShaw, K NShen, M Sherman-Slate, ESherwood, C PSherwood, Christopher PShofer, Frances SShofer, F SShope, J TShope, Jean TSiegel, John HSimons-Morton, BSimons-Morton, Bruce GSimpson, Edith MSingh, Aadarsh Sisti, Dominic ASlamon, Rachel ESlamon, R Slopen, Meredith ESlouf, Kimberly Sluys, Kerstin PrignitzSmall, Dylan SSmith, Robert JSmith, AJ Smith, Patrick Smith, Douglas HSmith, W ASmith, Rebecca Smith, Joyce ASmith, RSnodgrass, Sam Solarino, Nicholas Sommers, Benjamin DSommers, Marilyn SSommers, Marilyn SSorenson, WSpicer, Rebecca SSpiro, David MSprang, Ginny St Lawrence, Schuyler Stacey, SStacey, Stephen Stafford, Perry WStanley, Rachel Stanton, Annette LStawicki, Peter SSteele, J CStephenson, David Sterner, Robert Stineman, Margaret GStineman, Margaret GStinson, NStitzel, Joel DStokes, Robert JStorey, Eileen PStrotmeyer, Stephen Stryjewski, Glenn RSuelzer, Elizabeth MSullivan, Cris MSulmasy, Daniel Sultana, Nahida Sutton, Robert Sutton, Robert MSwope, Jennifer Sykes, Emily T, Dovydaitis Tabatabaei, Andrew Tam, Vicky Tam, Vicky WTamborra, Nicholas Tanenbaum, Jason BTanenbaum, Jason BTanenbaum, Jason Tanji, Hiro Tanji, Hiromasa Tanji, HTaylor, Daniel RTefft, Brian CTeitelman, Anne Temkin, Nancy RTemkin, Nancy Ten Have, Thomas RTeoh, Eric RThiel, Megan FisherThomas, NThomas, Nicole AThomas, Nicole Thomas, Duane EThomsen, Chris Thoresen, Siri Thorpe, Lorna ETien, Allen Tien, Allen YTillson, G Topjian, Alexis Trella, Jeanette DTrinastic, Jonathan Trunzo, Carrie PurbeckTyler, Mark PTyler, Mark PTylko, Suzanne Vaca, Federico Vaca, F EVaccaro, Monica JVan Allen, Jason Van Allen, J Van Der Westhuizen, Claire Van Pelt, Amelia E.Vaughn, Nicole AVavilala, Monica SVega, Laura Vernau, Brian TVinsel, Anne Vivarelli, C MVivarelli-O'Neill, Cara Vrecenak, Jesse Vries, A PVu, TWaanders, C Waasdorp, Tracy EvianWacholder, SWade, Roy Walker, Lorrie Walsh, Susan AWalshe, Elizabeth AWalton, Maureen Wang, Jin Wang, Wenli Wanner, Katherine JWard, Chelsea Ward, Kristen Watson, Peter Weaver, Ashley AWebster, Jessica LWeinberg, David SWeinfurt, Kevin PWeiss, Danielle Weiss, Danielle Weiss, D Weiss, Eve Weiss, Harold BWen, Kuang-Yi Wen, Kuang YiWen, KY Werner, J VWertz, Christopher JWhyte, John Widaman, Keith FWidaman, Keith Widaman, Keith FWiebe, Douglas JWiebe, Douglas JWilcox, Holly CWilliams, Thalia Williams, A FWilliams, Allan FWilson, Kim Winston, Andrew Winston, Flaura Winston, Flaura KWinston, Zachary Winston, Zachary Winston, Flaura Koplin Winston, Flaura KWintersteen, Matthew BWissow, Lawrence Wodzin, Elaine Wofford, Kathryn LWolf, John AWolk, Courtney BenjaminWoodburn, Elizabeth MWoodlock, Joseph Woods, William Worsley, Diana Wozniak, Samantha Xavier, Angela MXie, Dawei Xiong, Guoxiang Yan, Albert CYang, King HYang, Haodong Yang, Christopher CYerys, Benjamin EYerys, Benjamin EYoganandan, NYoganandan, Narayan Yule, William Zablotsky, Benjamin Zakrzewski, Debra Zazyczny, Kelly Ann Zeber, John E.Zelikovsky, Nataliya Zhang, Xuemei Zhang, Xuemei Zhao, Huaqing Zhao, Songzhu Zhu, Motao Zonfrillo, MR Zonfrillo, Mark RZonfrillo, Mark RZorc, Joseph J


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Kingdom of Gwynedd - The Full Wiki\nMore info on Kingdom of Gwynedd\nAnwyl Dynasty of Parc (later of Tywyn)\nKingdom of Gwynedd: Wikis\nCategories: Gwynedd > Kingdoms of Wales > 1282 disestablishments > States and territories established in the 5th century\n5th century–1282 →\nCapital Degannwy, Aberffraw and Garth Celyn\n- 450 - 460 Cunedda\n- 520 - 547 Maelgwn I\n- 625 - 634 Cadwallon II\n- 1081 - 1137 Gruffudd I\n- 1137 - 1170 Owain I\n- 1195 - 1240 Llywelyn II\n- Annexed by England 1282\nGwynedd (pr. [ˈɡwɪnɛð]) is one of several Welsh successor states that emerged in 5th-century post-Roman Britain. It was based on the former Brythonic tribal lands of the Ordovices, Gangani, and the Deceangli which were collectively known as Venedotia in late Romano-British documents. Between the 5th and 13th centuries Gwynedd grew to include Ynys Môn and all of north Wales between the River Dyfi in the south and River Dee (Welsh Dyfrdwy) in the northeast. The Irish sea (Môr Iwerddon) washes the coast of Gwynedd to the west and north and lands formerly part of the Kingdom of Powys border Gwynedd in the south-east.\nThe main court of the Kingdom of Gwynedd was originally at Deganwy Castle, where Maelgwn Gwynedd (died 547) had his stronghold. The senior line of descendants of Rhodri the Great would make Aberffraw on Ynys Mon as their principle seat until 1170. In the thirteenth century, Llywelyn Fawr, his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn and grandson Llywelyn ap Gruffudd had Garth Celyn on the north coast as their home.\n2.1.1 The Sons of Cunedda\n3 End of independence\n4 Welsh in warfare\n5.1 Ynys Môn\n5.2 Gwynedd Uwch Conwy\n6 Rulers of Gwynedd\n6.1 House of Cunedda\n6.2 House of Aberffraw\n6.3 Post-Conquest descendants\n6.3.1 Wynn Dynasty of Gwydir\n6.3.2 Anwyl Dynasty of Parc (later of Tywyn)\n7 Images of Gwynedd\nThe name Gwynedd may derive from Brythonic Ueneda, which may be akin to Goidelic (ancestor of Irish) Fenia (which gives fiana, "war-band" in Old Irish - e.g. Finn and his warriors). Thus the possible meaning may be "Land of the Hosts" or "Land of the Warrior Bands". The territory was called Venedotia in Latin.\nAdditionally, it is also suggested that Gwynedd is a mutated form of Cunedda, or Kenneth(a). In Welsh, the hard c mutates to g, thus Kenneth mutates to Gwyneth, thus Kenneth('s Land).\nAt the end of the Roman period the western areas of Britannia which had been under military administration seem to have reverted quickly to tribal law and petty states. Raiders from Ireland such as the Uí Liatháin and Laigin harried the coasts initially razing towns and capturing slaves but later colonising large areas of what was then called Venedotia and later called Gwynedd, in particular Llŷn, the coasts of Arllechwedd, Arfon and the Isle of Mona. Legend, supported by some later written accounts, asserts that a prince called Cunedda (modern "Kenneth") from distant Manaw Gododdin—probably a refugee himself from the northern wars with the Picts—was "sent" to free these lands from the Irish scourge in about 450AD. He and his sons forced out the Irish and upon his death the realm was divided between his sons following Brythonic tradition. From these beginnings many of the ancient divisions of Gwynedd occur; his son Dynod was awarded Dunoding, another son Ceredig achieved Ceredigion and so forth. Cunedda's heir, Einion Yrth threw the last Irish out of Môn in 470. Einion Yrth's son Cadwallon Lawhir appears to have consolidated the realm during the time of relative peace following the Battle of Mons Badonicus where the Anglo-Saxons were soundly defeated. During that peace he managed to establish a mighty kingdom.\nAfter Cadwallon, Gwynedd appears to have held a pre-eminent position amongst the petty Cambrian states in the post-Roman period. The great-grandson of Cunedda, Maelgwn Hir (Maelgwn the Tall), became one of the most famous (or infamous) leaders in Welsh history. There are several legends about his life concerning miracles either performed by him or in his presence. He is attributed in some old stories as hosting the first Eisteddfod and he is one of five Celtic British kings castigated for their sins by the contemporary Christian writer Gildas (who referred to him as Maglocunus, meaning 'Prince-Hound' in Brittonic) in De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae. Maelgwn was curiously described as "the dragon of the island" by Gildas which was possibly a title (Pendragon?), but explicitly as the most powerful of the five named British kings.\nThe Battle of Chester would not end the ability of the Welsh to seriously threaten England (although England as a united realm would not exist for another 350 years). For among the most powerful of the early kings of Gwynedd was Cadwallon ap Cadfan (c.624 - 634) the grandson of Iago ap Beli. He became engaged in an initially disastrous campaign against Northumbria where following a series of epic defeats he was confined first to Môn and then just to Ynys Glannauc before being forced into exile across the Irish Sea to Dublin - a place which would come to host many royal refugees from Gwynedd. All must have seemed lost but Cadwallon raised an enormous army and after a brief time in Guernsey he invaded Dumnonia, relieved the West Welsh who were suffering a Mercian invasion and forced Penda the pagan king of Mercia into an alliance against Northumbria. With new vigor he returned to his Northumbrian foes, devastated their armies and slaughtered a series of their kings. In this furious campaign his armies devastated Northumbria, captured and sacked York in 633 and briefly controlled the kingdom. From contemporary accounts he is said to have massacred so many of the Anglo-Saxons they believed it was his intention to exterminate them. They were probably right.\nFrom the successes of Rhodri the Aberffraw family claimed primacy over all other Welsh lords, including of Powys and of Deheubarth. In The History of Gruffydd ap Cynan, written in the late 12th century, the family asserted its rights as the senior line of descendants from Rhodri the Great who had conquered most of Wales during his lifetime. Gruffydd ap Cynan's biography was first written in Latin and intended for a wider audience outside of Wales.\nThe personal coat of arms of Gruffydd ap Cynan were: Gules, three lioncels passant, in pale Argent, armed Azure\nThe Aberffraw dynasty suffered various depositions by rivals in Deheubarth, Powys, and England in the 10th and 11th centuries. Gruffydd I ap Cynan (b.c.1055–1137), who grew up in exile in Hiberno-Norse Dublin, regained his inheritance following his victory at the Battle of Mynydd Carn in 1081 over his Mathrafal rivals then in control of Gwynedd. However, Gruffydd's victory was short-lived as the Normans launched an invasion of Wales following the Saxon revolt in northern England, known as the Harrowing of the North.\nShortly after the Battle of Mynydd Carn in 1081, Gruffydd was lured into a trap with the promise of an alliance but seized by Hugh the Fat, 1st Earl of Chester in an ambush near Corwen Earl Hugh claimed the Perfeddwlad up to the Clwyd river (the commotes of Tegeingl and Rhufoniog; the modern counties of Denbighshire Flintshire and Wrexham) as part of Chester, and viewed the restoration of the Aberffraw family in Gwynedd as a threat to his own expansion into Wales. The lands west of the Clwyd were intended for his cousin Robert "of Ruddlan", and their advance extended to the Llŷn Peninsula by 1090. By 1094 almost the whole of Wales was occupied by Norman forces. However, although they erected many castles, Norman control in most regions of Wales was tenuous at best. Motivated by local anger over the "gratuitously cruel" invaders, and led by the historic ruling houses, Welsh control over the greater part of Wales was restored by 1100.\nHowever, the Welsh parishioners remained hostile with Hervé's appointment, and the bishop was forced to carry a sword with him and rely on a contingent of Norman knights for his protection. Additionally, Hervé routinely excommunicated parishioners of whom he perceived as challenging his spiritual and temporal authority.\nGruffydd escaped imprisonment in Chester, and slew Robert of Rhuddlan in a beach side battle at Deganwy on 3 July 1093. Gruffydd recovered Gwynedd by 1095, and by 1098 Gruffydd allied with Cadwgan ap Bleddyn of the Mathrafal house of Powys, their traditional dynastic rivalry notwithstanding. Gruffydd and Cadwgan led the Welsh resistance to the Norman occupation in north and mid Wales. However, by 1098 Earl Hugh of Chester and Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury advanced their army to the Menai Strait, with Gruffydd and Cadwgan regrouping on defensible Ynys Môn, where they planned to make retaliatory strikes from their island fortress. Gruffydd hired a Norse fleet from a settlement in Ireland to patrol the Menai and prevent the Norman army from crossing, however the Normans were able to pay-off the fleet to instead ferry them to Môn. Betrayed, Gruffydd and Cadwgan were forced to flee to Ireland in a skiff.\nDuring the 'celebrations' a Norse fleet led by Magnus Barefoot, king of Norway, appeared off the coast at Ynys Seiriol (Puffin island) , and in battle that followed, known as the Battle of Anglesey Sound, Magnus shot-dead the earl of Shrewsbury with an arrow to the eye. The Norse left as suddenly and as mysteriously as they had arrived, however leaving the Norman army weakened and demoralized.\nThe Norman army retired to England, leaving a Welshman, Edwin ap Goronwy, lord of Tegeingl, in command of a token force to control Ynys Môn and upper Gwyneed, and ultimately abandoning any colonization plans there. Edwin ap Goronwy transferred his alliegence to Chester following the defeat of his ally Trahaearn ap Caradog in 1081, a move for which earned him the epithet Fradwr, traitor, among the Welsh.\nWith the settlement reached between Henry I and Gruffydd I, and other Welsh lords, the dividing of Wales between Pura Wallia, the lands under Welsh control; and Marchia Wallie, Welsh lands under Norman control, came into existence. Author and historian John Davies notes that the border shifted on occasion, "in one direction and in the other", but remained more or less stable for almost the next two hundred years.\nIn 1120 a minor border war between Llywarch ab Owain, lord of a commote in the Dyffryn Clwyd cantref, and Hywel ab Ithel, lord of Rhufoniog and Rhos, (all three part of either Conwy county or Denbighshire), brought Powys and Chester into conflict in the Perfeddwlad. Powys brought a force of 400 warriors to the aid of its ally Rhufoniog, while Chester sent Norman knights from Rhuddlan to the aid of Dyffryn Clwyd. The bloody Battle of Maes Maen Cymro, fought a mile to the north-west of Ruthin, ended with Lywarch ab Owain slain and the defeat of Dyffryn Clwyd. However, It was a pyrrhic victory as the battle left Hywel ab Ithel mortally wounded. The last of his line, when Hywel ab Ithel died six weeks later he left Rhufoniog and Rhos berefit. Powys, however, was not strong enough to garrison Rhufoniog and Rhos, nor was Chester able to exert influence inland from its coastal holdings of Rhuddlan and Degannwy. With Rhufoniog and Rhos abandoned, Gruffydd I annexed the cantrefs.\nIn 1136 a campaign against the Normans was launched from Gwynedd in revenge for the execution of Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd ap Cynan, the wife of the Prince of Deheubarth and the daughter of Gruffydd. When word reached Gwynedd of Gwenllain's death and the revolt in Gwent, Gruffydd I's sons Owain and Cadwaladr invaded Norman controlled Ceredigon, taking Llanfihangle, Aberystwyth, and Llanbadarn.[16 ] Liberating Llanbadarn, one local chronicler hailed Owain and Cadwaladr both as "bold lions, virtuous, fearless and wise, who guard the churches and their indwellers, defenders of the poor [who] overcome their enemies, affording a safest retreat to all those who seek their protection". The brothers restored the Welsh monks of Llanbadarn, who had been displaced by monks from Gloucester brought there by the Normans who had controlled Ceredigon. By late September 1136 a vast Welsh host gathered in Ceredigion, which included the combined forces of Gwynedd, Deheubarth, and Powys; met the Norman army at the Battle of Crug Mawr at Cardigan Castle. The battle turned into a rout, and then into a resounding defeat of the Normans.\nWhen their father Gruffydd I died in 1137, the brothers Owain and Cadwaladr were on a second campaign in Ceredigion, and took the castles of Ystrad Meurig, Lampeter (Stephen's Castle), and Castell Hywell (Humphries Castle) Gruffydd I ap Cynan left a more stable realm then had hitherto existed in Gwynedd for more than 100 years. No foreign army was able to cross the Conwy into upper Gwynedd. The stability of Gruffydd's long reign allowed for Gwynedd's Welsh to plan for the future without fear that home and harvest would "go to the flames" from invaders.\nOwain I ap Gruffydd succeeded his father to the greater portion of Gwynedd in accordance to Welsh law, the Cyfraith Hywel, the Laws of Hywel; and became known as Owain Gwynedd to differiate him from another Owain ap Gruffydd, the Mathrafal ruler of Powys, known as Owain Cyfeiliog. Cadwaladr, Gruffydd's youngest son, inherited the commote of Aberffraw on Ynys Môn, and the recently conquered Meirionydd and northern Ceredigion, that is Ceredigion between the rivers Aeron and the Dyfi.[18 ]\nBy 1141 Cadwaladr and Madog ap Maredudd of Powys led a Welsh vanguard as an ally of the Earl of Chester in the Battle of Lincoln, and joined in the route which made Stephen of England prisoner of Empress Matilda for a year. Owain, however, did not participate in the battle, keeping the majority of Gwynedd's army at home. Owain, of restrained and prudent temperament, may have judge that the aiding in Stephen's capture would lead to the restoration of Matilda and a strong royal government in England; a government which would support Marcher lords, support hitherto bereft since Stephen's usurpation.\nOwain and Cadwaladr came to blows in 1143 when Cadwaladr was implicated in the murder of Prince Anarawd ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth, Owain's ally and future son-in-law, on the eve of Anarawd's wedding to Owain's daughter.[21 ] Owain followed a diplomatic policy of binding other Welsh rulers to Gwynedd through dynastic marriages, and Cadwaladr's border dispute and murder of Anarawd threatened Owain's efforts and credibility.[16 ] As ruler of Gwynedd, Owain stripped Cadwaladr of his lands, with Owain's son Hywel dispatched to Ceredigion, where he burned Cadwaladr's castle at Aberystwyth. Cadwaladr fled to Ireland and hired a Norse fleet from Dublin, bringing the fleet to Abermenai to compel Owain to reinstate him. Taking advantage of the brotherly strife, and perhaps with the tacit understanding of Cadwaladr, the marcher lords mounted incursions into Wales.[21 ] Realizing the wider ramifications of the war before him, Owain and Cadwaladr came to terms and reconciled, with Cadwaladr restored to his lands.[21 ] Peace between the brothers held until 1147, when an unrecorded event occurred which led Owain's sons Hywel and Cynan to drive Cadwaladr out of Meirionydd and Ceredigon, with Cadwaladr retreating to Môn. Again an accord was reached, with Cadwaladr retaining Aberffraw until a more serious breach occurred in 1153, when he was forced into exile in England, where his wife was the sister of Gilbert de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford and the niece of Ranulph de Gernon, 2nd Earl of Chester.[21 ]\nBetween 1148 and 1151, Owain I of Gwynedd fought against Madog ap Maredudd of Powys, Owain's son-in-law, and against the Earl of Chester for control of Iâl, with Owain having secured Rhuddlan Castle and all of Tegeingl from Chester.  "By 1154 Owain had brought his men within sight of the red towers of the great city on the Dee", wrote Lloyd." \nThe death of Madog ap Meredudd of Powys in 1160 opened an opportunity for Owain I of Gwynedd to further press Gwynedd's influence at the expense of Powys. However, Owain continued to further Gwynedd's expansion without rousing the English crown, maintaining his 'prudent policy' of Quieta non movere (don't move settled things), as Lloyd wrote. It was a policy of outward conciliation, while masking his own consolidation of authority. To further demonstrate his good-will, in 1160 Owain handed over to the English crown the fugative Einion Clud. By 1162 Owain was in possession of the Powys cantref of Cyfeiliog, and its castle of Tafolwern; and ravaged another Powys cantref of Arwystli, slaying its lord, Hywel ab Ieuaf. Owain's strategy was in sharp contrast to Rhys ap Gruffydd, prince of Deheubarth, who in 1162 rose in open revolt against the Normans in south Wales, drawing Henry II back to England from the continent.\nIn 1163 Henry II quarrelled with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, causing growing divisions between the king's supporters and the archbishop's supporters. With discontent mounting in England, Owain I of Gwynedd joined with Rhys ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth in a second grand Welsh revolt against Henry II. England's king, who only the prior year had pardoned Rhys ap Gruffydd for his 1162 revolt, assembled a vast host against the allied Welsh, with troops drawn from all over the Angevin empire assembling in Shrewsbury, and with the Norse of Dublin paid to harass the Welsh coast. While his army gathered on the Welsh frontier, Henry II left for the continent to negotiate a truce with France and Flanders to not disturb his peace while campaigning in Wales.\nIn his later reign Owain I was the styled princeps Wallensium, Latin for the Prince of the Welsh, a title of substance given his leadership of the Welsh and victory against the English king, wrote historian Dr. John Davies. Additionally, Owain I commissioned the Life of Gruffydd ap Cynan, the biography of his father in which Owain firmly asserted his primacy over other Welsh rulers by "absolute right through decent" from Rhodri the Great, according to Davies. Owain I was the eldest male descendent of Rhodri the Great through paternal decent.\nWhen Owain Gwynedd died in December 1169 the realm was plunged into conflict between two rival factions within the ruling family. Throughout his life it is clear he favoured his eldest sons; those born of Pyfog the Irishwoman. Annals state that these two sons; Rhun ab Owain Gwynedd and Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd; were illegitimate, but it is worth pausing to consider that victory is often written by the victors. Owain and his father, Gruffydd ap Cynan, had both drawn considerable strength from family connections they had maintained across the Irish Sea in Dublin, and it was these connections which had restored Gruffydd on several occasions to his throne and had provided his father, Cynan, with a place of refuge during the usurptions of the 11th Century. It is therefore possible that Owain hoped to maintain this Irish connection by ensuring the succession of one of his sons born of this Irish woman, Pyfog. Furthermore, it seems illogical - given the fact Owain was so set on their succession and the respect he no doubt commanded in Ireland - that the mother of Rhun and Hywel was a mere commoner and that both those children were born out of wedlock. What the annals record, however, is that in 1146 the eldest son and designated heir, Rhun - a man who was acclaimed as a great warrior - "died" mysteriously, and that Hywel his natural brother was proclaimed the new Edling or heir.\nHywel ab Owain Gwynedd duly succeeded his father in 1170 and the realm was plunged immediately into a civil war that appears to have been a conflict between two rival factions; one which was pro-Irish and seeking to ensure the succession of Hywel and protect the legacy of Owain Gwynedd and his father, and a second which seems to be an anti-Irish coalition and headed by Iorwerth Drwyndwn and Owain's widow; Cristin ferch Goronwy ab Owain.\nThey made their move, and within a few months of his succession Hywel was overthrown and killed at the Battle of Pentraeth in 1171. It seems that Iorwerth was injured badly enough to be ruled out of the succession (he was to die in 1174), leaving Dafydd as the leading figure in this cabal, which included his brother Rhodri as well as his half brother Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd and the nephews of another half brother Cynan ab Owain, namely Gruffudd ap Cynan and Maredudd ap Cynan.\nLlywelyn the Great was determined to enforce the right of legitimate sons in Welsh succession law to bring Gwynedd in line with other Christian countries in Europe. However, by promoting his younger son Dafydd he was up against considerable support for his elder son Gruffydd from traditionalists in Gwynedd. However, with Gruffydd a prisoner the support for Gruffydd could not be transformed into anything more dangerous. Although Dafydd lost one of his most important supporters when his mother died in 1237, he retained the support of Ednyfed Fychan, the Seneschal of Gwynedd and the wielder of great political influence. Llywelyn suffered a paralytic stroke in 1237, and Dafydd took an increasing role in government. Dafydd ruled Gwynedd following his father's death in 1240.\nThe arms used by Llywelyn ap Gruffydd.\nLlywelyn was in Gywnedd at the time of his elevation to the throne and had fought alongside his uncle Dafydd during the last campaign of his reign. This gave him an advantage over his elder brother Owain who had been imprisoned in England with his uncle since 1242. Owain returned to Gwynedd - he apparently "escaped" or was released from Chester immediately after the news of Dafydd's death reached England. Llywelyn and Owain were able to come to agreement and the reduced territory of Gwynedd were divided between them.\nRebellion over the rule of the English Crown arose and Dafydd was joined by Llywelyn. In November 1282 the Archbishop of Canterbury John Peckham came to Garth Celyn to mediate between Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Edward Longshanks. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd was offered a bribe; One thousand pounds a year and an estate in England, if he would surrender his control (which extended at least to Gwynedd and Deheubarth) to Edward. From Garth Celyn Llywelyn wrote rejecting the offer. Within a month, Llywelyn, on 11 December 1282, was killed at Cilmeri in an ambush. The nature of his death is reported in the Lambeth Palace Archives. His leaderless forces were routed shortly afterwards and the English forces led by Edward I moved to occupy Powys and eastern Gwynedd.\nAfter these events Dafydd ap Gruffydd was proclaimed Prince of Wales. Dafydd continued the fight and kept the support of Goronowy ap Heilin, the Lord of Rhôs, as well as Hywel ap Rhys Gryg and his brother Rhys Wyndod, disinherited princes of Deheubarth.\nHowever, as the English forces encircled Snowdonia and his people starved he was soon moving desperately from one fort to another as effective resistance was systematically crushed. Dolwyddelan which was at risk of becoming encircled was first abandoned on January 18 1283. After this Dolbadarn Castle served as his base but by March this noble site in the heart of Snowdonia was also threatened forcing his departure. Finally, Dafydd moved his head quarters south to Castell y Bere near Llanfihangel-y-pennant. As the situation deteriorated it seems most likely that Dafydd and his family hoped to remain at Y Bere just long enough to avoid the worst of the Welsh winter before they were compelled to evacuate the site at the end of March in advance of the English forces who were maneuvering to place it under siege. From this point forwards the prince, his family and the remains of his government were fugitives sleeping outdoors, forced to keep moving from place to place to avoid capture. Castell Y Bere's starving garrison would eventually surrender on April 25. After the fall of Y Bere, Dafydd's movements are speculative but he is recorded in May 1283 leading raids from the mountains supported to the bitter end by Goronwy ap Heilin, Hywel ap Rhys and his brother Rhys Wyndod.\nOn the 22nd June 1283, Dafydd ap Gruffudd was captured in the uplands above Garth Celyn close to Bera Mountain in a secret hiding place recorded as Nanhysglain. The site was no more than a hovel in a bog which may have been used previously by religious hermits. It is recorded that Dafydd, who had been betrayed, was "severely injured" during his capture. It is likely that his wife, daughters, niece and one of his sons were captured alongside him. His eldest son, Llywelyn ap Dafydd (aged about 15) was not there at the time because it is recorded that King Edward issued specific orders ad querendum filium David primogenitum to have him apprehended. Llywelyn ap Dafydd was detained later by "men of his own tongue" and taken into royal custody on 29 June. Following this any organised resistance ended until the uprising of Madog ap Llywelyn some eleven years later.\nFollowing the death of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd in 1282, and the execution of his brother Dafydd ap Gruffydd the following year, eight centuries of independent rule by the house of Gwynedd came to an end, and the kingdom, which had long been one of the final holdouts to total English domination of Wales, was annexed to England. The remaining important members of the ruling house were all arrested and imprisoned for the remainder of their lives (Dafydd's sons Llywelyn ap Dafydd and Owain ap Dafydd in Bristol Castle, his daughters and niece in convents). Under the terms of the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 the Kingdom of Gwynedd was broken up and re-organised into the English county model which created the traditional counties of Anglesey, Carnarvonshire, Merionethshire, Denbighshire and Flintshire.\nThe Pura Walia (the new counties which had been Gwynedd plus Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire) continued to be within a nominal Principality of Wales ruled by the Council of Wales at Ludlow as a part of the English crown. The title Prince of Wales was retained by the sovereign to be eventually awarded to his son, Prince Edward (later Edward II). The Welsh Marches would be merged with the principality in 1534 under the Council of Wales and the Marches until all separate governance for Wales as an administrative entity was abolished in 1689. The resulting county model would last until the re-organisation of 1974.\nThe royal house of Gwynedd may have endured in the guise of the Wynn and the Anwyl families who both claimed Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd as their ancestor. After the purges in Wales had finished in the 16th century a certain Ioan ap Morys of Gwydir proved his royal ancestry and he and his descendants were recognised across north Wales as the de jure Princes of Gwynedd until the male line of the Wynn family died out, probably in the late 18th century. Another claim could come the surviving members of the Anwyl of Tywyn Family or from any surviving male descendants of Dafydd Goch the acknowledged bastard son of Dafydd ap Gruffudd who avoided detection during the royal purges and continued the line.\nThe Welsh method of warfare during the reign of Henry II is described by Gerald of Wales in his work Descriptio Cambriae written c.1190;\nIn the end Wales was defeated militarily by the improved ability of the English navy to blockade or seize areas essential for agricultural production such as Anglesey. With control of the Menai Strait, an invading army could regroup on Anglesey, without control of the Menai an army could be stranded there, and any occupying force on Anglesey could deny the vast harvest of the island from the Welsh.\nLack of food would force the disbandment of any large Welsh force besieged within the mountains. Following the occupation Welsh soldiers were conscripted to serve in the English Army. During the revolt of Owain Glyndwr the Welsh adapted the new skills they had learnt to guerilla tactics and lightening raids. Owain Glyndwr reputedly used the mountains with such advantage that many of the exasperated English soldiery suspected him of being a magician able to control the natural elements.\nFrom 1200 until 1283 the home and headquarters of the Princes was Garth Celyn, Aber Garth Celyn, now known as Pen y Bryn, Abergwyngregyn or simply just "Aber" (its shortened form adopted by the Crown of England after the conquest). Garth Celyn is situated on a ledge of land to the east of the river, at the foot of Maes y Gaer, a pre-Roman hillfort. It has widesweeping views over the Menai Strait to Anglesey, and the medieval port of Llanfaes. Joan, Lady of Wales, died at Garth Celyn in 1237; Dafydd ap Llywelyn in 1246; Eleanor de Montfort, Lady of Wales, wife of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales ("Tywysog Cymru" in modern Welsh), on 19 June 1282, giving birth to a daughter, Gwenllian. The royal home was occupied and expropriated by the English Crown in early 1283.\nThe traditional sphere of Aberffraw influence in north Wales included Ynys Môn as their early seat of authority, and Gwynedd Uwch Conwy (Gwynedd above the Conwy, or upper Gwynedd), and the Perfeddwlad (the Middle Country) also known as Gwynedd Is Conwy (Gwynedd below the Conwy, or lower Gwynedd). Additional lands were acquired through vassalage or conquest, and by regaining lands lost to Marcher lords, particularly that of Ceredigion, Powys Fadog, and Powys Wenwynwyn. However these areas were always considered an addition to Gwynedd never part of Gwynedd.\nArllechwedd Uchaf Abergwyngregyn, Conwy county\nArllechwedd Isaf Trefriw, Conwy county\nPerfeddwlad, or "the Middle Country" or Gwynedd Is Conwy (Gwynedd below the Conwy, or lower Gwynedd)\nMaelgwn Hir ap Cadwallon (Maelgwn Gwynedd) (c.520-c.547)\nWith Hywel's death all male descendants of Maelgwn Gwynedd have expired, and Merfyn the Freckled succeeds because his mother Esyllt was the eldest daughter of Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri, and niece to the last king Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog.\nRhodri Mawr ap Merfyn (844-878); inherits Gwynedd from his father and Powys from his maternal uncle (who died without issue), then conquers most of rest of Wales.\nHywel Dda ap Cadell (Howell the Good) (942-950) (Dinefwr dynasty, descended from the second son of Rhodri Mawr who ruled in Deheubarth, usurp Gwynedd from the Aberffraw line.)\nOwain ap Tomas ap Rhodri (Owen the Red Hand) (1372-1378), great-nephew of Llywelyn the Last, in exile but claimed the title.\nRhodri ab Owain Gwynedd, Lord of Anglesey (d.1195) = Annest ferch Rhys ap Gruffudd\nMaredudd ap Hywell (d. after 1353) = Morfydd verch Ieuan ap Dafydd ap Trahaern Goch\nIfan ap Robert (b. 1438, died 1469) = Catherine ferch Rhys ap Hywel Fychan\nThe Wynn Baronets of Gwydir were created in the Baronetage of England in 1611—one of the initial creations—for John Wynn, of Gwydir. The members of this line were heirs to the Aberffraw claim to the Principality of Gwynedd and Wales as direct descendents of Owain Gwynedd. The family continued to be prominent in politics, all the baronets save Owen sat as members of parliament, often for Carnarvon or Carnarvonshire. This creation became extinct in 1719, on the death of the fifth baronet. Wynnstay, near Ruabon, passed to Jane Thelwall and her husband Sir Watkin Williams, who took the name of Williams-Wynn in honor of his wife's princely heritage.\nSir John Wynn, 1st Baronet (d. 1627)\nSir David Watkin Williams-Wynn, 11th Baronet (b. 1940)\nDavid Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley, b. 1960, Lord Great Chamberlain to HM the Queen.\nLike the Wynn Dynasty, the Anwyl Dynasty of Parc (and later of Tywyn) also claim Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd as their ancestor. However, they part from the Wynn Dynasty in the early 15th Century as they descend from Ieuan ap Maredudd whereas the Wynn Dynasty descends from Robert ap Maredudd (the elder brother). The brothers took opposing sides during the revolt of Owain Glyndwr. When the Wynn Dynasty finally expired in the direct male line in 1719 the cadet "Anwyl" branch would have been considered the surviving heirs to the royal title according to the traditional agnatic principles of succession found in Welsh royal houses. The Anwyl Dynasty has been maintained in the male line and survives in Wales to this day; the current head of the family is Evan Vaughan Anwyl of Tywyn (b.1943).\nEryri (the Snowdon range) is the highest mountain range in Wales. At 1085 metres (3,560 ft), Yr Wyddfa (Snowdon) is the second highest peak in Great Britain south of Scotland's Ben Nevis. The Welsh sought refuge in the mountain range in the face of invasions.\nThe name of the range in Welsh, Eryri is traditionally believed to derive from the Welsh word for eagle, eryr. However, Welsh scholar Sir Ifor Williams argued the name's origin derived from a Welsh word meaning "highlands".\nIn the Middle Ages the title Prince of Aberffraw and Lord of Snowdon (Tywysog Aberffraw ac Arglwydd Eryri) was used by the hereditary princes of Gwynedd; for example Llywelyn Fawr.\nBBC Wales/History, The emergence of the principality of Wales extracted 26 March, 2008\n^ a b c d e f Davies, John, A History of Wales, Penguin, 1994, foundations of pgs 50-51, 54-55\n^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Lloyd, J.E., A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest, Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. 2004, Recovers Gwynedd, Norman invasion, Battle of Anglesey Sound, pgs 21-22, 36, 39, 40, later years 76-77\n^ Going further back etymologically the root * uen- is akin to Latin vena- and suggests "to struggle; to desire, to like" (the root of Latin venus, "love", and also venari "to hunt"). See Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (University of Wales Dictionary), vol. I, page 1773\n^ a b c d e Davies, John, A History of Wales, Penguin, 1994, Aberffraw primacy pg 116, patron of bards 117, Aberfraw relations with English crown pg 128, 135\n^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Davies, John, A History of Wales, Penguin, 1994, Gruffydd ap Cynan; Battle of Mynydd Carn, Norman Invasion, pg 104-108, reconstructing Gwynedd pg 116,\n^ a b Warner, Philip, Famous Welsh Battles, Gruffydd's seizure pg 61, Escape from Chester, Kills Robert of Ruddlan, pg 63, 1997, Barnes & Noble, INC.\n^ Barlow, Frank,William Rufus, Yale University Press, 200, ISBN 0-30-008291-6 p. 320-324\n^ a b Bartlett, Robert C. (2000). England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075-1225. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-822741-8.\n^ Owen "Hervery (d. 1131)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online edition accessed March 6, 2008\n^ a b Davies, John, A History of Wales, Penguin, 1994, Pura Wallia, Purae Wallie (the Welshries), Marchia Wallie pg 109, 127-130, 137, 141, 149, 166, 176\n^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q J.E. Lloyd, A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest, Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. 2004,Advances westard" pg 77, 78, 79\n^ a b c d e f Lloyd, J.E. A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest, Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. 2004, Great Revolt, beginnings Gwenllian pg 80, taking Ceredigion, restores Welsh monks, Battle of Crug Mawr, 82-85\n^ a b Warner, Philip "Famous Welsh Battles", Barnes & Noble INC. 1977, Gwenllian pg 69, 79\n^ a b c d e f Lloyd, J.E. A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest, Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. 2004, Gruffyd's legacy pg 79, 80\n^ Lloyd, J.E. 0A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest, Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. 2004, Cadwaladr's inheritance, pgs 85, 93, 104\n^ a b Lloyd, J.E. A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest, Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. 2004, Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd's inheritance, pg 94, 95\n^ a b c d e f Lloyd, J.E. A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest, Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. 2004, Cadwaladr's betrayal, pg 95\n^ a b c d Warner, Philip "Famous Welsh Battles", Barnes & Noble INC. 1977, Cadwaladr and Anarawd pg 80\n^ a b c d e f g Lloyd, J.E. A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest, Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. 2004, Owain 1160-1170, pg 107, 108, 109,\n^ a b c d e Davies, John, A History of Wales, Penguin, 1994, English King's suzerainty of Wales and Scotland, pg 103, Welsh princely titles pg128, 129\n^ Beverley Smith, J., Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales p.577\n^ J. Beverley Smith, p.576\n^ Beverley Smith, J. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales, p.577\n^ Dwnn, Lewys, Heraldic Visitations of the Three Counties of North Wales above Conway (published 1613)\n^ Annals and antiquities of the counties and county families of Wales, p. 699\n^ Nicholas, Thomas, Annals and antiquities of the counties and county families of Wales (1872)\n^ Burkes Peerage (online), Landed Gentry, Wales, 19th Edition. (Ref. 100057)\nCategories: Former countries in the British Isles | Former monarchies of Europe | Gwynedd | Kingdoms of Wales | 1282 disestablishments | States and territories established in the 5th century\nHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from November 2008 | Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008\nGO BRITANNIA! Wales: Welsh Literature - The Court Poets\n''The emergence of the principality of Wales'' - BBC Wales - History\nWilcott, Darrell "The Ancestry of Edwin of Tegeingl" - Ancestry of Edwin of Tegeingl


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