Cynnig o dan Adran 19(5)(a) o Ddeddf Cyrff Cyhoeddus 2011\nDadl gan Aelodau Unigol o dan Reol Sefydlog Rhif 11.21(iv): Oedran Pleidleisio\nDadl y Ceidwadwyr Cymreig: Cymunedau Gwledig\nDadl Plaid Cymru: Trident\nDadl Fer: Clefydau Anghyffredin\nThe Presiding Officer: Order. The National Assembly for Wales is now in session.\nY Llywydd: Trefn. Dyma ddechrau trafodion Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru.\n1. Elin Jones: Sut y mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn cefnogi datblygiad addysg brifysgol yng Nghymru. OAQ(4)0150(ESK)\n1. Elin Jones: How does the Welsh Government support the development of university education in Wales. OAQ(4)0150(ESK)\nY Gweinidog Addysg a Sgiliau (Leighton Andrews): Dechreuaf drwy groesawu Gweinidog Addysg Gogledd Iwerddon, John O’Dowd, sy’n eistedd yn oriel y cyhoedd.\nThe Minister for Education and Skills (Leighton Andrews): I start by welcoming Northern Ireland’s Minister for Education, John O’Dowd, who is sitting in the public gallery.\nYn ystod oes y pedwerydd Cynulliad hwn, bydd Llywodraeth Cymru yn rhoi tua £3.6 biliwn i gefnogi myfyrwyr. Ar ben hynny, byddwn yn parhau i roi arian sylweddol i Gyngor Cyllido Addysg Uwch Cymru, a bydd hwnnw ar gael i’r sefydliadau. Rydym yn credu bod addysg yn cynrychioli budd i’r cyhoedd, un sydd o les i’r unigolyn ac i’r gymuned.\nThe Welsh Government will provide approximately £3.6 billion to support students during the lifetime of this fourth Assembly. In addition, we will continue to provide substantial funding to the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and that will be available to institutions. We believe that education represents a public good, one that benefits both the individual and society.\nElin Jones: Fe wnaeth etholwr gysylltu â mi yn ddiweddar i ddweud ei fod yn bwriadu gwneud cwrs gradd pedair blynedd mewn peirianneg ond ei fod eisiau gwneud blwyddyn o waith mewn diwydiant yn gyntaf cyn cychwyn y cwrs. Yr oedd yn becso na fyddai’ch cynllun ariannu myfyrwyr chi ar gael pe bai’n gohirio cychwyn ei gwrs. A fedrwch roi cadarnhad iddo fe, ac i fi hefyd, y bydd Llywodraeth Cymru yn talu’r ffïoedd yn llawn—dros y £3,000 cyntaf, wrth gwrs—pryd bynnag y bydd yn cychwyn ar ei gwrs rhwng nawr a 2015?\nElin Jones: A constituent contacted me recently to say that he intended to undertake a four-year degree course in engineering but that he wanted to do a year in industry first before starting the course. He was worried that your student finance plans would no longer be available if he deferred the start of his course. Could you give him, and me, confirmation that the Welsh Government will pay the fees in full—over the first £3,000, of course—whenever he decides to start his course between now and 2015?\nLeighton Andrews: Rydym yn cefnogi’r cynllun hyd at 2016. Anogaf yr Aelod i ysgrifennu ataf o ran y pwynt hwn.\nLeighton Andrews: We will be supporting the scheme up to 2016. I encourage the Member to write to me on that point.\nWilliam Graham: The announcement of the merger between Newport and Glamorgan universities will greatly help higher education in South Wales East. You will know that both those universities have a long tradition of attracting overseas students. How do you hope to be able to balance the need to accept overseas students with our own student acceptances for those universities?\nWilliam Graham: Bydd y cyhoeddiad am uno prifysgolion Casnewydd a Morgannwg yn gymorth mawr i addysg uwch yn Nwyrain De Cymru. Gwyddoch fod gan y ddwy brifysgol hynny draddodiad hir o ddenu myfyrwyr tramor. Sut yr ydych yn gobeithio gallu sicrhau cydbwysedd rhwng yr angen i dderbyn myfyrwyr tramor a derbyn ein myfyrwyr ein hunain i’r prifysgolion hynny?\nLeighton Andrews: I do not see any difficulty in reconciling the opportunities for overseas students coming to study in the new merged institution that is being discussed by the leadership of both the University of Glamorgan and the University of Newport. They both have excellent track records on attracting students from overseas, and they understand well the challenges and the balances that they have to maintain. There should be no change in that following any merger that may take place. I will say today that I very much welcome the moves by the leadership of both institutions to begin those conversations. I think that it sends a strong message to higher education throughout Wales.\nLeighton Andrews: Nid wyf yn gweld unrhyw anhawster o ran darparu cyfleoedd i fyfyrwyr tramor sy’n dod i astudio yn y sefydliad cyfun newydd sy’n cael ei drafod gan arweinwyr Prifysgol Morgannwg a Phrifysgol Casnewydd. Mae gan y ddwy hanes rhagorol o ddenu myfyrwyr o dramor, ac mae ganddynt ddealltwriaeth dda o’r heriau a’r cydbwysedd y mae’n rhaid iddynt ei gynnal. Ni ddylai fod unrhyw newid yn hynny yn dilyn unrhyw uno a allai ddigwydd. Dywedaf heddiw fy mod yn croesawu’n fawr y camau gan arweinwyr y ddau sefydliad i ddechrau’r trafodaethau hynny. Credaf fod hyn yn anfon neges gref i addysg uwch ledled Cymru.\nY Gymraeg yn Ail Iaith\n2. Bethan Jenkins: A wnaiff y Gweinidog ddatganiad am ddatblygiadau addysgol mewn ysgolion uwchradd lle mae’r iaith Gymraeg yn ail iaith. OAQ(4)0153(ESK)\n2. Bethan Jenkins: Will the Minister make a statement on educational developments in secondary schools where the Welsh language is a second language. OAQ(4)0153(ESK)\nLeighton Andrews: Mae’r strategaeth addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg yn cynnwys amcan penodol i wella addysgu a dysgu Cymraeg ail iaith, ac rwyf yn bwriadu cyhoeddi cynllun i fwrw ymlaen â hyn.\nLeighton Andrews: The Welsh-medium education strategy includes a specific objective to improve teaching and learning in Welsh as a second language, and I intend to publish a plan to take this forward.\nBethan Jenkins: Diolch yn fawr am yr ateb hwnnw. Mae nifer o bobl wedi dod i fy swyddfa yn poeni am y ffaith bod nifer o athrawon mewn ysgolion ail iaith yn cael eu tynnu o’u pynciau arbenigol, megis chwaraeon, i ddysgu Cymraeg ail iaith gan nad oes digon o hyfforddiant yn cael ei roi i’r athrawon penodol hynny, ac nad oes digon o gyllid i gefnogi’r athrawon hynny sydd ddim yn arbenigo mewn dysgu’r Gymraeg. A wnewch chi edrych i mewn i hyn fel rhan o’ch cynllun?\nBethan Jenkins: Thank you for that response. Many people have been coming to my office with concerns about the fact that many teachers in second-language Welsh schools are being taken away from their specialist subjects, such as sports, to teach Welsh as a second language as not enough training is being given to those specific teachers, and there is not enough funding to support those teachers who do not specialise in teaching Welsh. Will you look into that as part of your plan?\nLeighton Andrews: Byddwn yn hapus i edrych i mewn i’r sefyllfa. Mae’n amlwg ein bod yn cefnogi’r cynllun sabothol. Rydym yn buddsoddi yn y cynllun hwnnw i sicrhau bod mwy o athrawon yn gallu dysgu drwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg, ond rwy’n meddwl bod rhaid inni edrych ar y sefyllfa ar hyn o bryd o ran y Gymraeg fel ail iaith, a byddwn yn gwneud hynny yn y dyfodol agos.\nLeighton Andrews: I would be happy to look into the position. Obviously, we support the sabbatical scheme. We invest in that scheme to ensure that more teachers are able to teach through the medium of Welsh, but I think that we have to look at the situation with Welsh as a second language currently, and we will do that in the near future.\nSuzy Davies: Clywais yr ymateb a roesoch i Bethan Jenkins am ddatblygiadau’r sector uwchradd, ond mae perswadio teuluoedd ac athrawon am effaith gadarnhaol dwyieithrwydd yn dechrau llawer ynghynt. Sut y byddwch yn cefnogi athrawon mewn meithrinfeydd ac ysgolion cynradd di-Gymraeg o ran hynny?\nSuzy Davies: I heard the response that you gave to Bethan Jenkins about developments in the secondary sector, but convincing families and teachers of the positive effects of bilingualism starts far earlier. How will you support teachers in non-Welsh-speaking nurseries and primary schools in that regard?\nLeighton Andrews: Rydym wedi cyflwyno Bil newydd i sicrhau bod pob awdurdod lleol yn asesu’r galw am addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg, a byddwn yn trafod y Bil newydd yn y dyfodol agos yn y Cynulliad.\nLeighton Andrews: We have introduced a new Bill to ensure that every local authorities assess the demand for Welsh-medium education, and we will be discussing that new Bill in the Assembly in the near future.\nBlaenoriaethau Addysgol (Aberafan)\nEducation Priorities (Aberavon)\n3. David Rees: A wnaiff y Gweinidog amlinellu blaenoriaethau addysg Llywodraeth Cymru ar gyfer Aberafan dros y 12 mis nesaf. OAQ(4)0162(ESK )\n3. David Rees: Will the Minister outline the Welsh Government’s education priorities for Aberavon over the next 12 months. OAQ(4)0162(ESK )\nLeighton Andrews: Our priority for Aberavon, as in other parts of Wales, is to implement the aims of the programme for government and help all learners to reach their potential.\nLeighton Andrews: Ein blaenoriaeth ar gyfer Aberafan, fel mewn rhannau eraill o Gymru, yw gweithredu amcanion y rhaglen lywodraethu a helpu pob dysgwr i gyflawni ei botensial.\nDavid Rees: Thank you for that answer, Minister. Every school across Wales and in Aberavon rely on the expertise of supply teachers to provide pupils with high educational standards when permanent staff are ill or are undertaking continuing professional development activities. I have met with teaching unions who have expressed concern about the challenges faced by some of the agencies that provide supply teachers to schools. What is the Welsh Government doing to ensure that highly experienced teachers, some of whom want to work as supply teachers and are excellent at that job, do not leave the profession owing to changes in agencies’ rules and conditions? What arrangements are being made by those agencies to ensure that the teachers on their books can continue to update their CPD and keep up with the requirements of their profession?\nDavid Rees: Diolch am yr ateb hwnnw, Weinidog. Mae pob ysgol ledled Cymru ac yn Aberafan yn dibynnu ar arbenigedd athrawon cyflenwi i ddarparu addysg o safon uchel i ddisgyblion pan fydd staff parhaol yn sâl neu’n ymgymryd â gweithgareddau datblygiad proffesiynol parhaus. Rwyf wedi cyfarfod ag undebau athrawon sydd wedi mynegi pryder am yr heriau a wynebir gan rai o’r asiantaethau sy’n darparu athrawon cyflenwi i ysgolion. Beth y mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn ei wneud i sicrhau nad yw athrawon hynod brofiadol, y mae rhai ohonynt yn awyddus i weithio fel athrawon cyflenwi ac sy’n gwneud y gwaith hwnnw yn wych, yn gadael y proffesiwn oherwydd newidiadau i reolau ac amodau asiantaethau? Pa drefniadau sy’n cael eu gwneud gan yr asiantaethau hynny i sicrhau bod yr athrawon sydd ar eu llyfrau yn gallu parhau gyda’u datblygiad proffesiynol parhaus a chadw i fyny â gofynion eu proffesiwn?\nLeighton Andrews: My colleague, the Member for Aberavon, is right to raise this issue. There are a significant number of concerns regarding the use of supply teachers and their employment by agencies across Wales. I have discussed this with the teaching unions in the past. Indeed, I have even suggested to the teaching unions that they might like to consider the formation of a teacher-owned co-operative for supply purposes. I have commissioned a review of the use of supply teachers, which will be jointly undertaken by our education inspectorate, Estyn, and by the Wales Audit Office. The review will focus on the arrangements that schools have to ensure continuity of learning during teacher absence, and the relative deployment of supply teachers within the overall provision. It will also explore how supply teachers undertake relevant training and keep up to date with current educational priorities.\nLeighton Andrews: Mae fy nghydweithiwr, yr Aelod dros Aberafan, yn iawn i godi’r mater hwn. Ceir nifer sylweddol o bryderon ynghylch y defnydd o athrawon cyflenwi a’r modd y cânt eu cyflogi gan asiantaethau ledled Cymru. Rwyf wedi trafod hyn â’r undebau athrawon yn y gorffennol. Yn wir, rwyf hyd yn oed wedi awgrymu wrth yr undebau athrawon efallai y byddent yn hoffi ystyried ffurfio asiantaeth gydweithredol dan berchnogaeth athrawon at ddibenion darparu athrawon cyflenwi. Rwyf wedi comisiynu adolygiad o’r defnydd o athrawon cyflenwi, a fydd yn cael ei gynnal ar y cyd gan ein harolygiaeth addysg, Estyn, a Swyddfa Archwilio Cymru. Bydd yr adolygiad yn canolbwyntio ar y trefniadau sydd gan ysgolion i sicrhau dilyniant yn y dysgu pan fydd athrawon yn absennol, a’r defnydd cymharol o athrawon cyflenwi yn y ddarpariaeth yn gyffredinol. Bydd hefyd yn archwilio sut y mae athrawon cyflenwi yn cael hyfforddiant perthnasol ac yn sicrhau eu bod yn gyfarwydd â’r blaenoriaethau cyfredol ym maes addysg.\nByron Davies: Good afternoon, Minister. You have commented frankly that there is a 'systemic failure’ in the Welsh education system. Professor David Reynolds described this use of terminology as\nByron Davies: Prynhawn da, Weinidog. Rydych wedi dweud yn blaen bod methiant systemig yn system addysg Cymru. Disgrifiodd yr Athro David Reynolds y defnydd hwn o derminoleg fel\n'the most damning assessment of an educational system that has ever been uttered in the UK’.\nyr asesiad mwyaf damniol o system addysg sydd erioed wedi ei yngan yn y DU.\nGiven the fact that the Welsh education system is failing, to use your words, in the interests of the good people of Aberavon and Wales generally, can you tell us how you will address the worrying statistic that 40% of pupils start secondary school with a reading age of at least six months below their chronological age? Will you outline your target for success for the national literacy programme?\nO ystyried bod system addysg Cymru yn methu, a defnyddio eich geiriau chi, er budd pobl dda Aberafan a Chymru yn gyffredinol, a allwch ddweud wrthym sut y byddwch yn mynd i’r afael â’r ystadegyn sy’n peri gofid, sef bod 40% o ddisgyblion yn dechrau yn yr ysgol uwchradd gydag oedran darllen o leiaf chwe mis yn is na’u hoedran cronolegol? A wnewch chi amlinellu eich targed ar gyfer llwyddiant yng nghyswllt y rhaglen lythrennedd genedlaethol?\nLeighton Andrews: We launched a consultation on the national literacy and numeracy framework just a few months ago, and it is well under way. I am pleased that all local authorities have ensured that reading tests have been undertaken nationally in schools on a voluntary basis this year. There will be national tests in place for years 2 to 9 next year. We have published the national literacy programme, and we will be publishing the national numeracy programme in September. We have taken the action that I believe is necessary.\nLeighton Andrews: Bu inni lansio ymgynghoriad ar y fframwaith llythrennedd a rhifedd cenedlaethol ychydig fisoedd yn unig yn ôl, ac mae gwaith wedi hen ddechrau arno. Rwyf yn falch bod pob awdurdod lleol wedi sicrhau bod profion darllen wedi cael eu cynnal yn genedlaethol mewn ysgolion yn wirfoddol eleni. Bydd profion cenedlaethol ar waith ar gyfer blynyddoedd 2 i 9 y flwyddyn nesaf. Rydym wedi cyhoeddi’r rhaglen lythrennedd genedlaethol, a byddwn yn cyhoeddi’r rhaglen rifedd genedlaethol ym mis Medi. Rydym wedi cymryd y camau sy’n angenrheidiol yn fy marn i.\nBethan Jenkins: Minister, as you know, Neath Port Talbot College has confirmed that it has received provisional Welsh Government approval for a £28 million-worth new site in the rejuvenated docks area of the town. Principal Mark Dacey told the South Wales Evening Post that there was still work to be done with the Welsh Government, adding that he hoped that the details would become clearer by the end of the year. What work has been done in this area?\nBethan Jenkins: Weinidog, fel y gwyddoch, mae Coleg Castell-nedd Port Talbot wedi cadarnhau ei fod wedi cael cymeradwyaeth amodol gan Lywodraeth Cymru ar gyfer safle newydd gwerth £28 miliwn yn ardal y dociau yn y dref sydd wedi cael ei hadfywio. Dywedodd y Prifathro, Mark Dacey wrth y South Wales Evening Post fod gwaith i’w wneud o hyd gyda Llywodraeth Cymru, gan ychwanegu ei fod yn gobeithio y byddai’r manylion yn dod yn gliriach erbyn diwedd y flwyddyn. Pa waith sydd wedi’i wneud yn y maes hwn?\nLeighton Andrews: There are conversations going on with further education colleges and all local authorities in Wales in respect of capital investments, and I am not going to provide a running commentary in the Chamber on each and every one of those.\nLeighton Andrews: Mae trafodaethau’n cael eu cynnal â cholegau addysg bellach a phob awdurdod lleol yng Nghymru ynghylch buddsoddiadau cyfalaf, ac nid wyf am roi sylwebaeth barhaus yn y Siambr ar bob un o’r rheini.\n4. Mike Hedges: Pa weithdrefnau craffu y mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn eu gwneud ar waith a swyddogaeth Estyn. OAQ(4)0151(ESK)\n4. Mike Hedges : What scrutiny procedures does the Welsh Government undertake on the work and role carried out by Estyn. OAQ(4)0151(ESK )\nLeighton Andrews: Estyn is an independent organisation, and questions on operational matters such as scrutiny procedures should be referred to Ann Keane, chief inspector of education and training in Wales. I meet the chief inspector on a regular basis, and I publish an annual remit letter.\nLeighton Andrews: Mae Estyn yn sefydliad annibynnol, a dylid cyfeirio cwestiynau am faterion gweithredol megis gweithdrefnau craffu at Ann Keane, sef prif arolygydd addysg a hyfforddiant yng Nghymru. Byddaf yn cyfarfod â’r prif arolygydd yn rheolaidd, ac rwyf yn cyhoeddi llythyr cylch gwaith bob blwyddyn.\nMike Hedges: Would you consider suggesting to her that we need people to inspect the inspectors? Estyn is run on its own and, while it spends a lot of time inspecting other people, I believe that anyone who undertakes inspection should be inspected themselves. I ask the Minister to raise that point with Ann Keane.\nMike Hedges: A fyddech yn ystyried awgrymu wrthi bod arnom angen pobl i arolygu’r arolygwyr? Caiff Estyn ei redeg ar ei ben ei hun ac, er ei fod yn treulio llawer o amser yn arolygu pobl eraill, credaf y dylai unrhyw un sy’n ymgymryd â gwaith arolygu gael eu harolygu eu hunain. Gofynnaf i’r Gweinidog godi’r pwynt hwnnw gydag Ann Keane.\nLeighton Andrews: Estyn is subject to external audit from the Wales Audit Office and to internal audit, and Estyn’s internal audit reports come to the audit committee. It also consults regularly with stakeholders. Let me say that we do not actually get many complaints about Estyn. We got about six formal complaints last year. Each provider that is inspected completes a post-inspection questionnaire, and those are analysed carefully. I invite my colleague, the Member for Swansea East, to write to me if he has any specific issues that he wants me to examine.\nLeighton Andrews: Mae Estyn yn cael ei archwilio’n allanol gan Swyddfa Archwilio Cymru ac yn cael ei archwilio’n fewnol, ac mae adroddiadau archwiliadau mewnol Estyn yn dod i’r pwyllgor archwilio. Mae hefyd yn ymgynghori’n rheolaidd â rhanddeiliaid. Gadewch imi ddweud nad ydym mewn gwirionedd yn cael llawer o gwynion am Estyn. Cawsom tua chwe chŵyn ffurfiol y llynedd. Bydd pob darparwr sy’n cael ei arolygu yn llenwi holiadur ar ôl yr arolygiad, a chaiff y rheini eu dadansoddi’n ofalus. Rwyf yn gwahodd fy nghydweithiwr, yr Aelod dros Ddwyrain Abertawe, i ysgrifennu ataf os oes ganddo unrhyw faterion penodol y mae am imi eu harchwilio.\nRussell George: With the chief inspector admitting that the organisation has been complacent and has contributed to the slide of school standards in Wales, does the Minister agree that the current levels of remuneration within Estyn are equal to the standards of the level of performance that it has set itself in its strategic plan?\nRussell George: Gyda’r prif arolygydd yn cyfaddef bod y sefydliad wedi bod yn hunanfodlon a’i fod wedi cyfrannu at y dirywiad yn safonau ysgolion yng Nghymru, a yw’r Gweinidog yn cytuno bod lefelau tâl presennol Estyn yn cyfateb i’r safonau o ran lefel perfformiad y mae wedi’u gosod iddo’i hun yn ei gynllun strategol?\nLeighton Andrews: Yes, I do. The Member needs to be aware that Estyn introduced its new common inspection framework from September 2010, and the current chief inspector was very much involved in the development of that framework. Those who have been through the new inspection process will know precisely how challenging it is, whether they are in schools or in local authorities.\nLeighton Andrews: Ydw. Mae angen i’r Aelod fod yn ymwybodol bod Estyn wedi cyflwyno ei fframwaith arolygu cyffredin newydd o fis Medi 2010, a bu’r prif arolygydd presennol yn ymwneud llawer iawn â datblygu’r fframwaith hwnnw. Bydd y rhai sydd wedi bod drwy’r broses arolygu newydd yn gwybod yn union pa mor heriol ydyw, p’un a ydynt mewn ysgolion neu mewn awdurdodau lleol.\nKenneth Skates: Wrexham County Borough Council spent more than £400,000 on temporary agency staff and teacher cover during the past financial year, mainly through national recruitment firms. It must be pointed out that the figure compares very favourably with that in other LEAs around the UK, but I am sure that you will agree that it is important to monitor such costs to keep budgets manageable. What assessment have you made of the spend across Wales on agency staff, and what work are you doing with local authorities to ensure value for money for local schools and parents?\nKenneth Skates: Gwariodd Cyngor Bwrdeistref Sirol Wrecsam fwy na £400,000 ar staff asiantaeth dros dro ac athrawon cyflenwi yn ystod y flwyddyn ariannol ddiwethaf, yn bennaf drwy gwmnïau recriwtio cenedlaethol. Rhaid tynnu sylw at y ffaith bod y ffigur hwnnw’n cymharu’n ffafriol iawn â’r ffigur mewn AALlau eraill o amgylch y DU, ond rwyf yn siŵr y byddwch yn cytuno ei bod yn bwysig monitro costau o’r fath er mwyn cadw rheolaeth ar gyllidebau. Pa asesiad yr ydych wedi’i wneud o’r gwariant ar staff asiantaeth ledled Cymru, a pha waith yr ydych yn ei wneud gydag awdurdodau lleol i sicrhau gwerth am arian i ysgolion lleol a rhieni?\nLeighton Andrews: My colleague, the Member for Clwyd South, will have heard my answer to my colleague, the Member for Aberavon, when I said that we have jointly commissioned a study of the current level of supply teaching and the use of agencies by local authorities across Wales. I look forward to receiving that report in due course.\nLeighton Andrews: Bydd fy nghydweithiwr, yr Aelod dros Dde Clwyd, wedi clywed fy ateb i’m cydweithiwr, yr Aelod dros Aberafan, pan ddywedais ein bod wedi comisiynu astudiaeth ar y cyd sy’n ystyried lefel yr athrawon cyflenwi a ddefnyddir ar hyn o bryd a’r defnydd o asiantaethau gan awdurdodau lleol ledled Cymru. Edrychaf ymlaen at gael yr adroddiad hwnnw maes o law.\nY Cwricwlwm yn Lloegr\n5. Julie Morgan: Pa drafodaethau y mae’r Gweinidog wedi eu cael gyda’r Ysgrifennydd Gwladol dros Addysg ynglyn â’r newidiadau arfaethedig i’r cwricwlwm yn Lloegr. OAQ(4)0156(ESK)\n5. Julie Morgan : What discussions has the Minister had with the Secretary of State for Education about proposed changes to the curriculum in England. OAQ(4)0156(ESK)\nLeighton Andrews: I am fully aware of the proposed changes to the curriculum in England, and my officials have recently had discussions on these matters with officials from the Department for Education. However, as a devolved area, the national curriculum in Wales is entirely a matter for the Welsh Government.\nLeighton Andrews: Rwyf yn gwbl ymwybodol o’r newidiadau arfaethedig i’r cwricwlwm yn Lloegr, ac mae fy swyddogion wedi cael trafodaethau yn ddiweddar am y materion hyn gyda swyddogion o’r Adran Addysg. Fodd bynnag, fel maes sydd wedi’i ddatganoli, mater i Lywodraeth Cymru yn unig yw’r cwricwlwm cenedlaethol yng Nghymru.\nJulie Morgan: I thank the Minister for that response. Can the Minister assure the people of Wales that no aspect of the Govine agenda will be followed here, especially not a return to the split system of O-levels and CSEs, and that he will make his choices in the interests of Wales and not in the interests of a would-be Tory leader?\nJulie Morgan: Diolch i’r Gweinidog am yr ymateb hwnnw. A all y Gweinidog roi sicrwydd i bobl Cymru na fydd unrhyw agwedd ar agenda Govine yn cael ei dilyn yn y fan hon, yn enwedig dychwelyd i’r system ranedig o gymwysterau lefel O a TAU, ac y bydd yn gwneud ei ddewisiadau er budd Cymru ac nid er budd rhywun a fyddai’n dymuno bod yn arweinydd y Torïaid?\nLeighton Andrews: I thank my colleague, the Member for Cardiff North, for that question. I reassure her that there will be no return to O-levels in Wales, and my colleague, the Deputy Minister for Skills, is leading on a proper qualifications review that will be deliberate, considered and will reach conclusions that are appropriate to Wales. I look forward to discussing these matters with the Northern Ireland Minister for Education this afternoon.\nLeighton Andrews: Diolch i’m cydweithiwr, yr Aelod dros Ogledd Caerdydd, am y cwestiwn hwnnw. Gallaf ei sicrhau na fydd unrhyw gamau i ddychwelyd i gymwysterau lefel O yng Nghymru, ac mae fy nghydweithiwr, y Dirprwy Weinidog Sgiliau, yn arwain adolygiad priodol o gymwysterau a fydd yn bwrpasol ac yn ystyriol ac a fydd yn dod i gasgliadau sy’n briodol i Gymru. Edrychaf ymlaen at drafod y materion hyn â Gweinidog Addysg Gogledd Iwerddon y prynhawn yma.\nAntoinette Sandbach: Given that we are now at a crossroads for qualification systems, with both England and Wales consulting on the future of GCSEs, do you recognise that Welsh students need a qualification that is competitive, internationally recognised and has the confidence of the universities and employers to which Welsh students will be applying once they have left school, and will you confirm that it is not your sole intention for Wales to go it alone with new qualifications?\nAntoinette Sandbach: O ystyried ein bod bellach ar groesffordd ar gyfer systemau cymwysterau, gyda Chymru a Lloegr yn ymgynghori ar ddyfodol TGAU, a ydych yn cydnabod bod angen cymhwyster ar fyfyrwyr Cymru sy’n gystadleuol, sy’n cael ei gydnabod yn rhyngwladol ac sydd yn ennyn hyder y prifysgolion a’r cyflogwyr y bydd myfyrwyr Cymru yn gwneud cais iddynt unwaith y byddant wedi gadael yr ysgol, ac a wnewch chi gadarnhau nad eich unig fwriad yw i Gymru fwrw ymlaen ar ei phen ei hun gyda chymwysterau newydd?\nLeighton Andrews: Gwnaf.\nWilliam Powell: What discussions have you had with the Secretary of State surrounding the comparative developments of modern, foreign and European languages? This is particularly in the context of the Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research Cymru’s triple literacy action plan at key stages 2 and 3 and Wales’s long-standing commitment to its European identity.\nWilliam Powell: Pa drafodaethau yr ydych wedi’u cael â’r Ysgrifennydd Gwladol ynghylch y datblygiadau cymharol ym maes ieithoedd tramor modern ac ieithoedd Ewropeaidd? Mae hyn yn benodol yng nghyddestun cynllun gweithredu llythrennedd triphlyg Canolfan Wybodaeth ac Ymchwil Cymru ar Ddysgu Ieithoedd yng nghyfnodau allweddol 2 a 3 ac ymrwymiad hirsefydlog Cymru i’w hunaniaeth Ewropeaidd.\nLeighton Andrews: Dim.\nCynlluniau Gwella Ysgolion\n6. Peter Black: Pa gamau y mae’r Gweinidog wedi’u cymryd i sicrhau bod cynlluniau gwella ar gyfer yr ysgolion hynny ym mandiau 4 a 5 wedi’u rhyddhau i Aelodau’r Cynulliad. OAQ(4)0149(ESK)\n6. Peter Black: What action has the Minister taken to ensure that improvement plans for those schools in bands 4 and 5 have been made available to Assembly Members. OAQ(4)0149(ESK)\nLeighton Andrews: In May, I instructed my officials to ask local authority consortia to make the plans available to Assembly Members as and when requested. Any request for these plans will need to be made to the relevant consortium.\nLeighton Andrews: Ym mis Mai, rhoddais gyfarwyddyd i’m swyddogion ofyn i gonsortia awdurdodau lleol sicrhau bod y cynlluniau ar gael i Aelodau’r Cynulliad yn ôl y galw. Bydd angen gwneud unrhyw gais am y cynlluniau hyn i’r consortiwm perthnasol.\nPeter Black: Thank you for that answer, Minister. I have attempted to get hold of these plans from my local education consortium and have been referred to local education authorities. I would be grateful if you could maybe reinforce your advice to the education consortia and make it clear to them what their obligations are in this regard.\nPeter Black: Diolch am yr ateb hwnnw, Weinidog. Rwyf wedi ceisio cael gafael ar y cynlluniau hyn gan fy nghonsortiwm addysg lleol ac rwyf wedi cael fy nghyfeirio at yr awdurdodau addysg lleol. Byddwn yn ddiolchgar pe baech yn gallu atgyfnerthu eich cyngor i’r consortia addysg, efallai, ac egluro wrthynt beth yw eu rhwymedigaethau yn hyn o beth.\nLeighton Andrews: I am very happy to do that.\nLeighton Andrews: Rwyf yn fodlon gwneud hynny.\nKenneth Skates: Minister, an issue raised recently with me locally is the issue of the shortage of PGCE provision in north-east Wales. In previous years, Glyndŵr University offered PGCE courses, but now the nearest place for my constituents wishing to study the course is Bangor, Aberystwyth or across the border at Keele University. Will you look at the availability of PGCE courses within north Wales and ensure that, when we raise standards, we ensure that the best potential teachers are not put off by having to travel too long a distance in order to complete their courses?\nKenneth Skates: Weinidog, mater a godwyd gyda mi yn lleol yn ddiweddar yw prinder y ddarpariaeth TAR yn y gogledd-ddwyrain. Yn y gorffennol, roedd Prifysgol Glyndŵr yn cynnig cyrsiau TAR, ond yn awr y lle agosaf i’m hetholwyr sy’n dymuno astudio’r cwrs yw Bangor, Aberystwyth, neu dros y ffin ym Mhrifysgol Keele. A wnewch chi edrych ar argaeledd cyrsiau TAR yn y gogledd a gwneud yn siŵr, pan fyddwn yn codi safonau, ein bod yn sicrhau nad yw’r darpar athrawon gorau yn penderfynu peidio â dilyn cyrsiau oherwydd bod yn rhaid teithio’n rhy bell i’w cwblhau?\nLeighton Andrews: We have reviewed the provision of initial teacher training across Wales in recent years, and I have obviously moved to restrict the number of places that are available. We probably need to train fewer teachers, so I cannot give my friend the Member for Clwyd South an assurance that we would look to make changes in the provision of teacher training courses across Wales. We will however be looking at the structure of higher education in north-east Wales, as he is aware, under the chairmanship of Professor Sir Adrian Webb, and we will also be looking at the future of initial teacher training as a whole.\nLeighton Andrews: Rydym wedi adolygu’r ddarpariaeth o ran hyfforddiant cychwynnol i athrawon ar draws Cymru yn y blynyddoedd diwethaf, ac rwyf yn amlwg wedi cymryd camau i gyfyngu ar nifer y lleoedd sydd ar gael. Mae’n debyg bod angen inni hyfforddi llai o athrawon, felly ni allaf roi sicrwydd i’m cyfaill, yr Aelod dros Dde Clwyd y byddem yn ceisio gwneud newidiadau i’r ddarpariaeth o ran cyrsiau hyfforddiant athrawon ledled Cymru. Fodd bynnag, fel y mae’n gwybod byddwn yn edrych ar strwythur addysg uwch yn y gogledd-ddwyrain, dan gadeiryddiaeth yr Athro Syr Adrian Webb, a byddwn hefyd yn edrych ar ddyfodol hyfforddiant cychwynnol i athrawon yn ei gyfanrwydd.\nPaul Davies: I understand that schools in bands 4 and 5 will receive £10,000 as additional financial support. Aside from this funding, can the Minister tell us what specific measures are in place to support the improvements of these particular schools?\nPaul Davies: Rwyf yn deall y bydd ysgolion ym mandiau 4 a 5 yn cael cymorth ariannol ychwanegol gwerth £10,000. Ar wahân i’r arian hwn, a all y Gweinidog ddweud wrthym pa gamau penodol sydd yn eu lle i gynorthwyo’r ysgolion penodol hyn i wella?\nLeighton Andrews: The Member for Preseli is well aware of the additional investment that we are putting into schools through the school effectiveness grant and the pupil deprivation grant, which will total around £65 million. That is very much to be targeted at improving performance in all schools and in addressing the gap in attainment between those who are on free school meals and those who are not. We have set down the guidance that explains that, and there is significant new money in the system.\nLeighton Andrews: Mae’r Aelod dros Breseli yn ymwybodol iawn o’r buddsoddiad ychwanegol yr ydym yn ei wneud mewn ysgolion drwy’r grant effeithiolrwydd ysgolion a’r grant amddifadedd disgyblion, a fydd yn dod i gyfanswm o tua £65 miliwn. Bwriedir i hynny gael ei dargedu i raddau helaeth at wella perfformiad ym mhob ysgol a mynd i’r afael â’r bwlch mewn cyrhaeddiad rhwng y rhai sy’n cael prydau ysgol am ddim a’r rhai nad ydynt yn eu cael. Rydym wedi gosod y canllawiau sy’n egluro hynny, ac mae arian newydd sylweddol yn y system.\nSimon Thomas: Hoffwn innau ategu’r croeso—fáilte—i’r Gweinidog o Ogledd Iweddon. I droi at y cynlluniau gwella, Weinidog, rhan allweddol o’r cynlluniau yw mynd i’r afael ag absenoldeb o’r ysgol—neu 'mitsho’, fel roeddem yn arfer ei galw. Gan fod lefel absenoldeb yn Lloegr wedi cynyddu ers cyflwyno dirwyon i rieni yno, sut fydd eich cylluniau i ddirwyo rhieni am absenoldeb yng Nghymru yn gwella’r lefelau yma?\nSimon Thomas: I echo the welcome—fáilte—that you have given to the Minister from Northern Ireland. Turning to the improvement plans, it is crucial that they get to grips with absence from school—or 'mitching’, as we used to call it. Since the level of truancy in England has increased since introducing fines for parents there, how will your plans to fine parents for truancy in Wales improve the levels here?\nLeighton Andrews: It is already within the power of local authorities to issue fines in respect of absence. We have made it clear that we take the issue of absence seriously, and that is why it is one of the factors that is considered within our banding of secondary schools. It is understood now across the whole of Wales how serious this issue is. We lose a significant number of school days compared with other constituent nations of the United Kingdom. We have published our behaviour and attendance action plan and we will in due course bring forward further consultation proposals.\nLeighton Andrews: Mae gan awdurdodau lleol eisoes y pŵer i roi dirwyon am absenoldeb. Rydym wedi egluro ein bod yn cymryd absenoldeb o ddifrif, a dyna pam y mae’n un o’r ffactorau sy’n cael ei ystyried yn ein system ar gyfer bandio ysgolion uwchradd. Mae difrifoldeb y mater hwn bellach wedi’i ddeall ar draws Cymru gyfan. Rydym yn colli nifer sylweddol o ddiwrnodau ysgol o’n cymharu â’r gwledydd eraill sy’n rhan o’r Deyrnas Unedig. Rydym wedi cyhoeddi ein cynllun gweithredu ar gyfer ymddygiad a phresenoldeb a byddwn yn cyflwyno cynigion ymgynghori pellach maes o law.\nSimon Thomas: Rwy’n ddiolchgar i’r Gweinidog am ei ymateb. Rwy’n sylwi nad oes tystiolaeth o sut y mae dirwyon eu hunain yn mynd i’r afael ag absenoldeb. Beth bynnag, i droi yn fwy cyffredinol at ran rhieni yn y broses o wella ysgolion, mae’r rhan fwyaf yn cytuno eu bod yn hollbwysig wrth wella addysg i blant. Sut fyddwch chi’n gwneud yn siŵr fod gan rieni ran yn y cynlluniau gwella ysgolion? Sut fyddwch chi’n gwneud yn siŵr eu bod hwy, yn ogystal ag Aelodau Cynulliad, yn gwybod am y cynlluniau hynny i wella cyrhaeddiad ysgolion bandiau 4 a 5?\nSimon Thomas: I am grateful for that response from the Minister. I note that there is no evidence as yet of how fines in and of themselves actually get to grips with truancy. However, in turning more generally to the role of parents in the process of improving schools, most people would agree that they are all-important in improving children’s education. How will you ensure that parents do have a role in school improvement programmes? How will you ensure that they, as well as Assembly Members, are aware of those schemes for improving attainment in schools in bands 4 and 5?\nLeighton Andrews: I am pleased to say that parents have in general reacted very positively to the banding of secondary schools that we introduced last December. We issued material information to parents on the performance of schools and what the banding system means, and information is available to them online. We have also ensured that in order to pass a school inspection by Estyn, every school governing body has to discuss the performance data that are available for the school. We have taken a number of steps to ensure that parents are fully apprised of the performance of the school, and I am sure that we will want to go further in sharing more information in the future.\nLeighton Andrews: Rwyf yn falch o gael dweud bod rhieni, at ei gilydd, wedi ymateb yn gadarnhaol iawn i’r drefn o fandio ysgolion uwchradd a gyflwynwyd gennym fis Rhagfyr diwethaf. Bu inni roi gwybodaeth berthnasol i rieni ar berfformiad ysgolion a’r hyn y mae’r system fandio yn ei olygu, ac mae gwybodaeth ar gael iddynt ar-lein. Rydym hefyd wedi sicrhau, er mwyn llwyddo mewn arolygiad ysgol gan Estyn, bod yn rhaid i bob corff llywodraethu drafod y data am berfformiad sydd ar gael ar gyfer yr ysgol. Rydym wedi cymryd nifer o gamau i sicrhau bod rhieni’n cael eu hysbysu’n llawn am berfformiad yr ysgol, ac rwyf yn siŵr y byddwn am wneud mwy i rannu rhagor o wybodaeth yn y dyfodol.\nThe Presiding Officer: Question 7, OAQ(4)0152(ESK), is withdrawn.\nY Llywydd: Tynnwyd cwestiwn 7, OAQ(4)0152(ESK), yn ôl.\n8. Nick Ramsay: A wnaiff y Gweinidog roi’r wybodaeth ddiweddaraf am y cynnydd o ran uno Prifysgol Morgannwg, Prifysgol Casnewydd a Phrifysgol Fetropolitan Caerdydd. OAQ(4)0154(ESK)\n8. Nick Ramsay: Will the Minister provide an update on the progress of the merger of Glamorgan, Newport and Cardiff Metropolitan Universities. OAQ(4)0154(ESK)\nI think I know the answer to this one already, Minister, but if you can answer—\nRwyf yn credu fy mod yn gwybod yr ateb i hyn yn barod, Weinidog, ond os gallwch ateb—\nLeighton Andrews: I have held positive discussions with senior representatives of all three institutions, as well as with staff and student representatives. I intend to make a further statement on higher education reconfiguration very shortly.\nLeighton Andrews: Rwyf wedi cael trafodaethau cadarnhaol ag uwch-gynrychiolwyr pob un o’r tri sefydliad, yn ogystal ag â chynrychiolwyr y staff a’r myfyrwyr. Rwyf yn bwriadu gwneud datganiad pellach ar aildrefnu addysg uwch yn fuan iawn.\nNick Ramsay: Thank you, Minister. I think that events have overtaken my question. I am sure that you will agree that in the light of today’s news, there are potential advantages to a merger, as you have said in the past, but there are also potential pitfalls that we would want to avoid. I am sure that you are aware that the acting vice-chancellor has said they would not countenance anything that would weaken the university’s current mission to support people and communities within Gwent. What reassurances can you provide to the people of Newport, Gwent and the wider south-east Wales area that the hard and distinctive work undertaken by the university over the years since its formation will not be lost?\nNick Ramsay: Diolch, Weinidog. Credaf fod digwyddiadau wedi achub y blaen ar fy nghwestiwn. Rwyf yn siŵr y byddwch yn cytuno, yng ngoleuni newyddion heddiw, bod manteision posibl i uno, fel yr ydych wedi’i ddweud yn y gorffennol, ond ceir peryglon posibl hefyd y byddem am eu hosgoi. Rwyf yn siŵr eich bod yn ymwybodol bod yr is-ganghellor dros dro wedi dweud na fyddent yn caniatáu unrhyw beth a fyddai’n gwanhau cenhadaeth bresennol y brifysgol i gefnogi pobl a chymunedau yng Ngwent. Pa sicrwydd y gallwch ei roi i bobl Casnewydd, Gwent ac ardal ehangach y deddwyrain na fydd y gwaith caled a nodedig a wnaed gan y brifysgol dros y blynyddoedd ers ei sefydlu yn cael ei golli?\nLeighton Andrews: I have made it clear all along that it is important that, in the merger process, we ensure that we maintain opportunities for students and maintain the campuses that are available. In respect of Newport, I would want to see the civic life of Newport reinforced within any development that goes forward, and I am sure that this will be at the heart of the discussions that we now know are under way between Glamorgan and Newport.\nLeighton Andrews: Rwyf wedi egluro o’r dechrau ei bod yn bwysig, yn y broses uno, inni sicrhau ein bod yn cynnal cyfleoedd i fyfyrwyr ac yn cadw’r campysau sydd ar gael. O ran Casnewydd, byddwn yn awyddus i weld bywyd dinesig Casnewydd yn cael ei atgyfnerthu mewn unrhyw ddatblygiad sy’n mynd yn ei flaen, ac rwyf yn siŵr y bydd hynny’n ganolog i’r trafodaethau yr ydym yn gwybod bellach eu bod yn mynd rhagddynt rhwng Morgannwg a Chasnewydd.\nThere may well be further developments in due course and, as I say, I will make a further statement in due course.\nEfallai’n wir y bydd datblygiadau pellach maes o law ac, fel y dywedais, byddaf yn gwneud datganiad arall maes o law.\nSimon Thomas: Minister, I also welcome the voluntary merger of Newport and Glamorgan, and I hope that it will create an institution that is capable of attracting investment and being internationally recognised. I note in the White Paper, Minister, that you are looking to take powers to directly fund universities. Can you confirm that, going forward, any future funding for universities and HE institutions, whether through HEFCW or directly through your department, would be fair and equitable for all, whether part of a major merger process or not?\nSimon Thomas: Weinidog, rwyf innau’n croesawu’r uno gwirfoddol rhwng Casnewydd a Morgannwg, a gobeithiaf y bydd yn creu sefydliad sy’n gallu denu buddsoddiad a chael ei gydnabod yn rhyngwladol. Nodaf yn y Papur Gwyn, Weinidog, eich bod yn awyddus i gael pwerau i ariannu prifysgolion yn uniongyrchol. A allwch gadarnhau, wrth symud ymlaen, y byddai unrhyw gyllid yn y dyfodol ar gyfer prifysgolion a sefydliadau AU, boed drwy Gyngor Cyllido Addysg Uwch Cymru neu’n uniongyrchol drwy eich adran chi, yn deg ac yn gyfiawn i bawb, p’un a ydynt yn rhan o broses uno fawr ai peidio?\nLeighton Andrews: Gallaf.\nAled Roberts: Rwy’n siŵr ein bod ni i gyd yn croesawu datganiad heddiw ynglŷn â’r uno gwirfoddol rhwng y ddau sefydliad. A ydych yn deall o’r datganiad mai creu sefydliad o’r newydd y bydd y cyrff hyn, ac a ydych chi, fel Llywodraeth, yn barod i gefnogi’r sefydliadau wrth iddynt drosglwyddo o’u sefyllfa bresennol i’w statws newydd?\nAled Roberts: I am sure that we all welcome today’s statement about the voluntary merger of these two institutions. Do you understand from today’s statement that it is a brand new institution that will be formed, and are you as a Government prepared to support these institutions as they transfer from their current position to their new status?\nLeighton Andrews: At the moment, these are conversations between the universities of Glamorgan and Newport. I very much welcome the conversations that they have started and their approach to a merger. Certainly, we would be ready to support in a positive way any developments that may take place. As I have said, I will make a further statement in due course.\nLeighton Andrews: Ar hyn o bryd, mae hon yn drafodaeth rhwng prifysgolion Morgannwg a Chasnewydd. Rwyf yn croesawu’n fawr y trafodaethau y maent wedi eu dechrau a’u hagwedd o ran uno. Yn sicr, byddem yn barod i gefnogi unrhyw ddatblygiadau a allai ddigwydd a hynny mewn ffordd gadarnhaol. Fel y dywedais, byddaf yn gwneud datganiad arall maes o law.\nAled Roberts: Deallaf fod rhai awgrymiadau wedi cael eu gwneud ynglŷn â math newydd o sefydliad yng Nghymru, gan edrych ar rai esiamplau o’r Almaen, lle mae cysylltiad llawer cryfach rhwng cyflogwyr, diwydiant a phrifysgolion. A fyddech yn barod i gefnogi’r math hwnnw o drafodaeth rhwng y ddau sefydliad yn y pen draw?\nAled Roberts: I understand that some suggestions have already been made about a new kind of institution in Wales, with consideration given to some examples in Germany, where there are stronger links between employers, industry and universities. Would you be prepared to support that kind of negotiation between the two institutions?\nLeighton Andrews: Interesting proposals have been put forward by potential partners to this merger, and I hope that they will be reflected in the outcome. However, lets me say, there are a number of models across the world to look at. The German model may be one, and there are models in California. There may be others. There is a whole series of models worth considering when discussing the future of higher education in Wales.\nLeighton Andrews: Mae cynigion diddorol wedi’u cyflwyno gan bartneriaid posibl i’r uno hwn, a gobeithiaf y byddant yn cael eu hadlewyrchu yn y canlyniad. Fodd bynnag, gadewch imi ddweud bod nifer o fodelau ar draws y byd i edrych arnynt. Efallai fod model yr Almaen yn un, a cheir modelau yng Nghaliffornia. Efallai fod modelau eraill hefyd. Ceir cyfres gyfan o fodelau y mae’n werth eu hystyried wrth drafod dyfodol addysg uwch yng Nghymru.\n9. Russell George: A wnaiff y Gweinidog roi’r wybodaeth ddiweddaraf am y consortia rhanbarthol. OAQ(4)0165(ESK)\n9. Russell George : Will the Minister give an update on regional consortia. OAQ(4)0165(ESK )\nLeighton Andrews: I have outlined my expectations of the development of four regional single school improvement services by September 2012 and have been assured by all local authorities that they are on course to meet this commitment. I intend to review their progress in the autumn term.\nLeighton Andrews: Rwyf wedi amlinellu fy nisgwyliadau o ran datblygu pedwar gwasanaeth gwella ysgolion unigol rhanbarthol erbyn mis Medi 2012 ac rwyf wedi cael sicrwydd gan bob un o’r awdurdodau lleol eu bod ar y trywydd iawn i fodloni’r ymrwymiad hwn. Rwyf yn bwriadu adolygu eu cynnydd yn nhymor yr hydref.\nRussell George: Thank you, Minister, for your answer. The four regional consortia are due to be on stream this September. I have spoken to a number of schools in my area where there is much concern that they are not going to be ready in time to meet the expectations. Can you guarantee that all four consortia will be up and running by September, and how do you envisage the new arrangements driving up standards and performance in the next four years?\nRussell George: Diolch, Weinidog, am eich ateb. Mae disgwyl i’r pedwar consortiwm rhanbarthol fod yn weithredol ym mis Medi eleni. Rwyf wedi siarad â nifer o ysgolion yn fy ardal lle y ceir llawer o bryder nad ydynt yn mynd i fod yn barod mewn pryd i gwrdd â’r disgwyliadau. A allwch roi sicrwydd y bydd pob un o’r pedwar consortiwm yn weithredol erbyn mis Medi, ac allwch egluro sut yr ydych yn rhagweld y bydd y trefniadau newydd yn codi safonau a pherfformiad yn y pedair blynedd nesaf?\nLeighton Andrews: I do not run the consortia, as it happens; they are consortia of local authorities. They have given me commitments that they will be up and running by September of this year, just as they have given me commitments that they will have in place the delegation of 80% of budgets to schools by September. I look forward to them following through on their commitments. I would encourage the Member to write to me if he has any evidence of any local authority dragging its feet on this issue.\nLeighton Andrews: Nid fi sy’n rhedeg y consortia, fel y mae’n digwydd, consortia o awdurdodau lleol ydynt. Maent wedi addo y byddant yn weithredol erbyn mis Medi eleni, yn yr un modd ag y maent wedi addo y bydd 80% o gyllidebau wedi’u dirprwyo i ysgolion erbyn mis Medi. Edrychaf ymlaen at eu gweld yn gwireddu eu haddewidion. Byddwn yn annog yr Aelod i ysgrifennu ataf os oes ganddo unrhyw dystiolaeth bod unrhyw awdurdod lleol yn llusgo’i draed ar y mater hwn.\nAlun Ffred Jones: Sefydlwyd Cynnal, y corff sy’n cefnogi ysgolion yn Ynys Môn a Gwynedd, yn dilyn ad-drefnu, ac roedd yn enghraifft gynnar o gydweithio ar draws ffiniau, yn yr un modd ag oedd y gwasanaeth cerdd i ysgolion o dan ofal Canolfan Gerdd William Mathias. O gofio record dda Cynnal, sut bydd y Gweinidog yn sicrhau bod y consortiwm newydd yn cyflenwi yr un fath o gefnogaeth a gwasanaeth i ysgolion Cymraeg a dwyieithog ag y mae Cynnal wedi ei roi?\nAlun Ffred Jones: Cynnal, the body supporting schools in Anglesey and Gwynedd, was established following reorganisation, and it was an early example of collaboration across boundaries, with the school music service delivered by Canolfan Gerdd William Mathias being another example. Bearing in mind the good record of Cynnal, how will the Minister ensure that the new consortium delivers the same kind of support and service to Welsh-medium and bilingual schools as provided by Cynnal in the past?\nLeighton Andrews: The support that Cynnal has provided for Welsh-medium and bilingual schools is not confined to Gwynedd and Anglesey; I know of other schools across Wales that have drawn on its materials, and we would want to encourage it in the excellent work that it has done. Ultimately, it is a matter for the local authorities and the regional consortia to ensure that the services that they put in place are of an equivalent standard.\nLeighton Andrews: Nid yw’r gefnogaeth y mae Cynnal wedi’i darparu i ysgolion cyfrwng Cymraeg ac ysgolion dwyieithog wedi’i chyfyngu i Wynedd ac Ynys Môn; gwn am ysgolion eraill ledled Cymru sydd wedi defnyddio ei ddeunyddiau, a byddem yn dymuno ei annog yn y gwaith rhagorol y mae wedi’i wneud. Yn y pen draw, mater i’r awdurdodau lleol a’r consortia rhanbarthol yw sicrhau bod y gwasanaethau y maent yn eu rhoi ar waith o safon gyfatebol.\n10. Christine Chapman: A wnaiff y Gweinidog ddatganiad am sut y mae ymwybyddiaeth o’r Undeb Ewropeaidd yn cael ei hintegreiddio i’r cwricwlwm ysgol yng Nghymru. OAQ(4)0157(ESK)\n10. Christine Chapman: Will the Minister make a statement on how an awareness of the European Union is integrated into the school curriculum for Wales. OAQ(4)0157(ESK)\nLeighton Andrews: Learners are made aware of the European Union as part of personal and social education, which is delivered in all maintained schools in Wales and, through this, learners are given opportunities to understand the workings of the EU, its institutions and what it means for them.\nLeighton Andrews: Daw dysgwyr yn ymwybodol o’r Undeb Ewropeaidd yn rhan o addysg bersonol a chymdeithasol, a gaiff ei chyflwyno ym mhob ysgol a gynhelir yng Nghymru, a thrwy hynny rhoddir cyfleoedd i’r dysgwyr ddeall systemau’r Undeb Ewropeaidd, ei sefydliadau a’r hyn y mae’n ei olygu iddynt hwy.\nChristine Chapman: Thank you, Minister. I welcome the strong commitment in the European strategy to promote engagement and I would particularly like to mention the mock council of the European Union, which I was privileged to chair last year, and which I am looking forward to doing again in September. Some research, while disagreeing about the cause, suggests that Welsh and British young people do not know as much about Europe as our neighbours, and measures such as the mock council therefore have a role to play. Minister, what else can we do to tackle this and improve awareness not only of Europe, but of the timeless values such as peace and stability, which underpin European integration but are sometimes lost in discussions about structural funds?\nChristine Chapman: Diolch, Weinidog. Rwyf yn croesawu’r ymrwymiad cryf yn y strategaeth Ewropeaidd i hybu ymgysylltiad, ac yn benodol hoffwn sôn am ffug-gyngor yr Undeb Ewropeaidd, y cefais y fraint o’i gadeirio y llynedd ac yr wyf yn edrych ymlaen at ei gadeirio eto ym mis Medi. Mae rhywfaint o ymchwil, er ei fod yn anghytuno ynghylch y rheswm dros hynny, yn awgrymu nad yw Cymry a Phrydeinwyr ifanc yn gwybod cymaint am Ewrop â’n cymdogion, felly mae gan fesurau megis y ffug-gyngor rôl i’w chwarae. Weinidog, beth arall y gallwn ei wneud i fynd i’r afael â hyn a gwella ymwybyddiaeth nid yn unig o Ewrop ond hefyd o’r gwerthoedd oesol, megis heddwch a sefydlogrwydd, sy’n sail i integreiddio Ewropeaidd ond sydd weithiau’n cael eu colli mewn trafodaethau ynghylch cronfeydd strwythurol?\nLeighton Andrews: Many things are often lost in discussions on structural funds [ Laughter. ] I enjoyed the mock council of the European Union that my colleague, the Member for Cynon Valley, chaired in September. It is a valuable way of developing an exchange between students on all of these issues. Throughout the curriculum, whether it is the 14-19 learning pathways, the Welsh baccalaureate or other ways, we are giving opportunities to young people, and engaging with the issue of active citizenship, to learn about Wales and its relationships, both within Europe and in the wider world. We want to continue to do that.\nLeighton Andrews: Caiff llawer o bethau eu colli’n aml mewn trafodaethau ynghylch cronfeydd strwythurol. [ Chwerthin. ] Bu imi fwynhau ffug-gyngor yr Undeb Ewropeaidd, y bu fy nghydweithiwr, yr Aelod dros Gwm Cynon, yn ei gadeirio ym mis Medi. Mae’n ffordd werthfawr o ddatblygu cyfleoedd i fyfyrwyr gyfnewid barn am yr holl faterion hyn. Trwy’r cwricwlwm, boed trwy lwybrau dysgu 14-19, bagloriaeth Cymru neu ddulliau eraill, rydym yn ymgysylltu â dinasyddiaeth weithgar ac yn rhoi cyfleoedd i bobl ifanc ddysgu am Gymru a’i chydberthnasau, yn Ewrop a’r byd ehangach. Rydym am barhau i wneud hynny.\nJanet Finch-Saunders: Minister, today is an appropriate day to realise how familiar American schools are with the practice of teaching and taking pride in their constitution and governance, whereas here in Wales, while visiting schools in Aberconwy, I have encountered widespread confusion about what an AM, a councillor, an MP or an MEP is or does. In modern Wales, there are five levels of government, all of which have an impact on the lives of the Welsh people. Minister, what plans do you have to include more teaching in the curriculum on the workings of the European Union and other levels of government in Wales?\nJanet Finch-Saunders: Weinidog, mae heddiw’n ddiwrnod priodol i sylweddoli mor gyfarwydd y mae ysgolion America â’r arfer o gyflwyno addysg am gyfansoddiad a dulliau llywodraethu’r wlad ac â’r arfer o ymfalchïo ynddynt, tra yma yng Nghymru, wrth ymweld ag ysgolion yn Aberconwy, rwyf wedi dod ar draws dryswch cyffredinol ynghylch beth yw Aelod Cynulliad, cynghorydd, Aelod Seneddol neu Aelod o Senedd Ewrop, a beth y mae pob un o’r rhain yn ei wneud. Ceir pum lefel o lywodraeth yn y Gymru fodern, ac mae pob un ohonynt yn cael effaith ar fywydau pobl Cymru. Weinidog, pa gynlluniau sydd gennych i gynnwys mwy o addysg yn y cwricwlwm am systemau’r Undeb Ewropeaidd a lefelau eraill o lywodraeth yng Nghymru?\nLeighton Andrews: The Member is quite right to say that today is a significant day, and I am sure that we would all like to congratulate the Minister for Local Government and Communities on his wedding anniversary. When the Member said that there were five levels of government in Wales, I wondered whether she was going to tell us that she wanted to abolish one of them—I thought that might be coming next. We have set out in previous answers the work that is going on in Wales to encourage an understanding of the European Union and I would be happy to send examples of that to the Member, if she would like to see them.\nLeighton Andrews: Mae’r Aelod yn llygad ei lle bod heddiw’n ddiwrnod arwyddocaol, ac rwyf yn siŵr y byddem i gyd yn dymuno llongyfarch y Gweinidog Llywodraeth Leol a Chymunedau sy’n dathlu pen-blwydd ei briodas. Pan ddywedodd yr Aelod bod pum lefel o lywodraeth yng Nghymru, roeddwn yn meddwl tybed a fyddai’n mynd yn ei blaen i ddweud wrthym ei bod am ddileu un ohonynt—roeddwn yn meddwl mai dyna fyddai’n dod nesaf. Mewn atebion blaenorol, rydym wedi nodi’r gwaith sy’n cael ei wneud yng Nghymru i annog dealltwriaeth o’r Undeb Ewropeaidd, a byddwn yn fodlon anfon enghreifftiau o’r gwaith hwnnw at yr Aelod, pe bai’n dymuno eu gweld.\nRhodri Glyn Thomas: Weinidog, rwy’n croesawu’n fawr iawn yr hyn rydych wedi ei ddweud mewn ymateb i gwestiwn Christine Chapman y prynhawn yma. Mae’n eithriadol o bwysig bod disgyblion ysgol yn cael gwybodaeth am yr Undeb Ewropeaidd, gan gynnwys pwysigrwydd yr undeb honno, cyfraniad y Deyrnas Unedig a Chymru i’r Undeb Ewropeaidd, a’r hyn yr ydym yn ei dderbyn—nid y lleiaf o’r pethau hynny yw’r sefydlogrwydd a wnaeth Christine Chapman cyfeirio ato yn ein byd ni y dyddiau hyn. Mae’n bwysig bod disgyblion yn derbyn y wybodaeth honno trwy ysgolion yn hytrach na’u bod yn dibynnu ar benawdau mewn papurau newydd.\nRhodri Glyn Thomas: Minister, I very much welcome what you said in response to Christine Chapman’s question this afternoon. It is exceptionally important that school pupils receive information about the European Union, including the importance of that union, the contribution of the United Kingdome and Wales to the European Union, and what we receive—not least of those things is the stability that Christine Chapman referred to in our world these days. It is important that pupils receive that information through schools rather than relying on headlines in newspapers.\nLeighton Andrews: Wrth gwrs fy mod i’n cytuno â hynny.\nLeighton Andrews: Of course I agree with that.\nLles Plant Ysgol\nThe Wellbeing of Schoolchildren\n11. Jenny Rathbone: Beth yw blaenoriaethau Llywodraeth Cymru ar gyfer gwella lles plant ysgol. OAQ(4)0163(ESK)\n11. Jenny Rathbone: What are the Welsh Government’s priorities for improving the wellbeing of schoolchildren. OAQ(4)0163(ESK)\nLeighton Andrews: Helping children to do as well as they can in terms of educational attainment is fundamental to wellbeing. Success at school and making a good transition to other forms of learning are strongly associated with positive outcomes in life—health, self-confidence, good relationships and economic wellbeing.\nLeighton Andrews: Mae helpu plant i wneud gystal ag y gallant o ran cyrhaeddiad addysgol yn hanfodol i sicrhau lles. Ceir cysylltiad cryf rhwng llwyddo yn yr ysgol a phontio’n dda i ddulliau eraill o ddysgu, a sicrhau canlyniadau cadarnhaol mewn bywyd—iechyd, hunan-hyder, cydberthnasau da a lles economaidd.\nJenny Rathbone: One of the most important aspects of wellbeing is, of course, good health. It has now been three years since the Healthy Eating in Schools (Wales) Measure 2009 received Royal Approval. It is going to be introduced in our primary schools in September, and that is very welcome, but it is not going to be introduced in our secondary schools until September 2013. Meanwhile, we still have many secondary schools in which junk food is being sold in vending machines. This seems to me to be the sort of issue that we, the wider public, could do something about. It is not about the quality of the teaching or the learning; it is about the general wellbeing of children while they are in our schools. Could the Minister tell us a bit more about what could be done to get more progress in this area?\nJenny Rathbone: Mae iechyd da, wrth gwrs, yn un o agweddau pwysicaf lles. Mae tair blynedd bellach ers i Fesur Bwyta’n Iach mewn Ysgolion (Cymru) 2009 dderbyn Cydsyniad Brenhinol. Bydd yn cael ei gyflwyno yn ein hysgolion cynradd ym mis Medi, ac mae hynny i’w groesawu’n fawr, ond ni fydd yn cael ei gyflwyno yn ein hysgolion uwchradd nes mis Medi 2013. Yn y cyfamser, mae llawer o’n hysgolion uwchradd yn dal i werthu bwyd sothach mewn peiriannau gwerthu. Ymddengys i mi mai dyma’r math o broblem y gallem ni, y cyhoedd ehangach, wneud rhywbeth yn ei chylch. Nid oes a wnelo hyn ag ansawdd yr addysgu neu’r dysgu; mae a wnelo â lles cyffredinol plant tra byddant yn ein hysgolion. A allai’r Gweinidog roi ychydig yn rhagor o wybodaeth inni am yr hyn y gellid ei wneud i sicrhau mwy o gynnydd yn y maes hwn?\nLeighton Andrews: I agree with my colleague the Member for Cardiff Central that vending machines full of junk food are not acceptable. There has been sufficient time for schools to get rid of such items as confectionery, savoury snacks and fizzy drinks. No school or local authority should be making extra cash by providing junk food to pupils. Of course, we have made available a total of £11.9 million in grant funding to local authorities since 2008-09 to help them to make progress on the 'Appetite for Life’ agenda. I am pleased to say that many schools have done excellent work and some local authorities have also used this time wisely to get ready for the introduction of statutory standards. Those standards will come in.\nLeighton Andrews: Rwyf yn cytuno â’m cydweithiwr, yr Aelod dros Ganol Caerdydd, nad yw peiriannau gwerthu sy’n llawn bwyd sothach yn dderbyniol. Mae ysgolion wedi cael digon o amser i gael gwared ar eitemau megis melysion, byrbrydau sawrus a diodydd pop. Ni ddylai’r un ysgol na’r un awdurdod lleol fod yn gwneud arian ychwanegol trwy ddarparu bwyd sothach i ddisgyblion. Wrth gwrs, er 2008-09 rydym wedi sicrhau bod cyllid grant gwerth cyfanswm o £11.9 miliwn ar gael i awdurdodau lleol i’w helpu i wneud cynnydd o ran yr agenda 'Blas am Oes’. Rwyf yn falch o ddweud bod llawer o ysgolion wedi gwneud gwaith ardderchog, a bod rhai awdurdodau lleol hefyd wedi defnyddio’r amser hwn yn ddoeth i baratoi ar gyfer cyflwyno safonau statudol. Bydd y safonau hynny’n cael eu cyflwyno.\nDarren Millar: Minister, you will be aware of the children’s rights agenda in Wales and the recognition that there has been across the Chamber of the need to reflect on the wellbeing of children when Ministers make decisions. What recognition do you give to the rights of children, and indeed their wellbeing, when you make decisions on school closures? How does their mental health and wellbeing inform your decisions?\nDarren Millar: Weinidog, byddwch yn ymwybodol o’r agenda ynghylch hawliau plant yng Nghymru a’r gydnabyddiaeth a gafwyd ar draws y Siambr o’r angen i ystyried lles plant pan fydd Gweinidogion yn gwneud penderfyniadau. Sut yr ydych yn cydnabod hawliau plant, ac yn wir eu lles, pan fyddwch yn gwneud penderfyniadau ynghylch cau ysgolion? Sut y mae eu hiechyd a’u lles meddyliol yn llywio eich penderfyniadau?\nLeighton Andrews: Of course, these issues are very important and have to be weighed in the balance when we make decisions on school organisation.\nLeighton Andrews: Mae’r materion hyn yn bwysig iawn, wrth gwrs, a rhaid eu pwyso a’u mesur pan fyddwn yn gwneud penderfyniadau ynghylch trefniadaeth ysgolion.\nLindsay Whittle: Minister, do you accept that some children become regular truants in an effort to escape bullying and to cope with mental health problems such as depression, and that the best way to deal with this issue is to support home-school liaison officers and to increase their numbers, rather than the criminalising approach recently announced? Will you issue guidelines to local authorities to ensure that these matters are taken into account prior to any parent being summonsed?\nLindsay Whittle: Weinidog, a ydych yn derbyn y bydd rhai plant yn dechrau chwarae triwant yn rheolaidd er mwyn osgoi cael eu bwlio ac er mwyn ymdopi â phroblemau iechyd meddwl megis iselder ysbryd, ac mai’r ffordd orau o ymdrin â’r mater hwn yw trwy gefnogi swyddogion cyswllt rhwng yr ysgol a’r cartref a chynyddu eu nifer, yn hytrach na’r dull gweithredu a gyhoeddwyd yn ddiweddar, sy’n ymwneud â thrin rhieni fel troseddwyr? A wnewch chi roi canllawiau i awdurdodau lleol er mwyn sicrhau bod y materion hyn yn cael eu hystyried cyn i unrhyw riant gael ei wysio?\nLeighton Andrews: No criminalising approach has been announced.\nLeighton Andrews: Nid oes yr un dull gweithredu wedi’i gyhoeddi a fyddai’n trin rhieni fel troseddwyr.\nThe Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats (Kirsty Williams): Minister, when did the Government last review its guidance to local authorities on what constitutes a safe walking route to school? Is the Minister convinced that the guidance is right if it allows a local authority to say that an 11-year-old can walk along a busy trunk road that has no pavement and no street lighting?\nArweinydd Democratiaid Rhyddfrydol Cymru (Kirsty Williams): Weinidog, pryd oedd y tro diwethaf i’r Llywodraeth adolygu ei chanllawiau i awdurdodau lleol ynghylch yr hyn a gaiff ei ystyried yn llwybr cerdded diogel i’r ysgol? A yw’r Gweinidog wedi’i argyhoeddi bod y canllawiau’n gywir os ydynt yn caniatáu i awdurdod lleol ddweud y gall plentyn 11 oed gerdded ar hyd cefnffordd brysur nad oes ganddi balmant na goleuadau stryd?\nLeighton Andrews: These matters are taken into account, of course, in the guidance governing school organisation. If the Member has a specific example that she feels is unreasonable and would like to write to me about it, I would be happy to look at it.\nLeighton Andrews: Caiff y materion hyn eu hystyried yn y canllawiau sy’n llywodraethu trefniadaeth ysgolion, wrth gwrs. Os oes gan yr Aelod enghraifft benodol sy’n afresymol yn ei barn hi, ac os hoffai ysgrifennu ataf yn ei chylch, byddwn yn ddigon bodlon edrych arni.\nRebecca Evans: Minister, one in 10 children and young people aged five to 16 suffer from a diagnosable mental health disorder; that is around three in every class. How is the Welsh Government promoting emotional and mental health and wellbeing in schools?\nRebecca Evans: Weinidog, mae un o bob 10 plentyn a pherson ifanc rhwng pump ac 16 oed yn dioddef o anhwylder iechyd meddwl y gellir ei ddiagnosio; mae hynny’n cyfateb i oddeutu tri ym mhob dosbarth. Sut y mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn hybu iechyd a lles meddyliol ac emosiynol mewn ysgolion?\nLeighton Andrews: Wellbeing is an integral part of the learning in the foundation phase and the personal and social education framework for those aged seven to 19 in Wales. It is important that pupils are at ease with themselves and their surroundings. My colleague the Member for Mid and West Wales will be aware that our School Standards and Organisation (Wales) Bill includes provisions for school-based counselling for 11 to 18-year-olds to be put on a statutory basis. Many local authorities are enabling a service for children who are younger than 10 years old on an identified-need basis and offering training for teachers and school staff. The Welsh network of healthy schools schemes national quality award includes mental and emotional health and wellbeing as one of the seven health topics that should be covered throughout a school’s involvement in the scheme.\nLeighton Andrews: Mae lles yn rhan annatod o’r dysgu yn y Cyfnod Sylfaen a’r fframwaith addysg bersonol a chymdeithasol ar gyfer dysgwyr saith i 19 oed yng Nghymru. Mae’n bwysig bod disgyblion yn gysurus o safbwynt eu hunain a’u hamgylchedd. Bydd fy nghydweithiwr, yr Aelod dros Ganolbarth a Gorllewin Cymru, yn ymwybodol bod ein Bil Safonau a Threfniadaeth Ysgolion (Cymru) yn cynnwys darpariaethau ar gyfer sicrhau bod gwasanaeth cwnsela yn yr ysgol i bobl ifanc rhwng 11 a 18 oed yn rhywbeth statudol. Mae llawer o awdurdodau lleol yn darparu gwasanaeth ar gyfer plant iau na 10 oed ar sail angen a nodwyd, ac maent yn cynnig hyfforddiant i athrawon a staff ysgolion. Mae gwobr ansawdd genedlaethol rhwydwaith Cymru o gynlluniau ysgolion iach yn cynnwys iechyd a lles meddyliol ac emosiynol fel un o’r saith pwnc iechyd y dylid ymdrin â hwy trwy gydol y cyfnod y bydd ysgol yn cymryd rhan yn y cynllun.\n12. Gwyn R. Price: Pa gamau y mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn eu cymryd i wella ysgolion cynradd yn Islwyn. OAQ(4)0158(ESK)\n12. Gwyn R. Price : What action is the Welsh Government taking to improve primary schools in Islwyn. OAQ(4)0158(ESK)\nLeighton Andrews: My priorities are improving literacy and numeracy levels and tackling the link between poverty and educational underachievement. To support schools in taking forward these priorities, I have made available over £65 million via the school effectiveness and pupil deprivation grants, and £10,000 is also available to support each secondary school in bands 4 and 5.\nLeighton Andrews: Fy mlaenoriaethau yw gwella lefelau llythrennedd a rhifedd a mynd i’r afael â’r cysylltiad rhwng tlodi a thangyflawni addysgol. Er mwyn cefnogi ysgolion wrth iddynt fwrw ymlaen â’r blaenoriaethau hyn, rwyf wedi sicrhau bod dros £65 miliwn ar gael drwy’r grant effeithiolrwydd ysgolion a’r grant amddifadedd disgyblion, ac mae £10,000 ar gael hefyd i gefnogi pob ysgol uwchradd ym mand 4 a band 5.


Scaryduck: Not Scary. Not a Duck: Anyone seen my pussy?\nPosted by Alistair Coleman at Tuesday, September 14, 2004


Author anyAbalenkovs, Maksims Abdelfattah, Ahmad Abdelfattah, Ahmad Abello, James Abeykoon, Vibhatha Abraham, Erika Abrahamsson, Leif Abramson, David Achouiantz, Chistophe Aerts, Patrick Agarwal, Pratul Agrawal, Sudesh Aguilera, Gabriela Agullo, Emmanuel Ahlin, Daniel Ahmed, Mohamed Ahn, Dong H.Ahrens, James Ahson, Syed Aiken, Alex Akbudak, Kadir Akkas, Selahattin Alam, Sadaf Albada, Geert Dick van Alexander, R. A. Alexander, Michael Aliaga, José I.Allen, Gabrielle Allred, Jeff Aloisio, Giovanni Altintas, Ilkay Alvaro, Wesley Amer, Abdelhalim Ammar, Reda Ananthan, Shreyas Anderson, Ed Andersson, Ulf Andre, Jean-Claude Angskun, Thara Angulo, Dave Antoniu, Gabriel Anzt, Hartwig Anzt, Hartwig Aoi, Keiko Apra, E. Arabnia, Hamid R.Arai, Kohei Araiza, Robert Arbenz, Peter Archibald, Rick Arnold, Dorian Arturov, Konstantin Asch, Mark Asemota, Efosa Augonnet, Cedric Augusto Sousa, Antonio Aupy, Guillaume Ayala, Alan Azad, Ariful Baboulin, Marc Bachmann, Dieter Bader, David Badia, Rosa M.Badia, Rosa Bagherpour, Negin Bai, Zhaojun Bailey, David Baker, M. B.Baker, A.J. Baker, Matthew B.Bakir, Fatih Balaji, Pavan Balaprakash, Prasanna Balay, Satish Balazs, Gerofi Ballard, Grey Bansal, Gaurav Barkai, David Barlow, Jesse Barra, Valeria Barra, Valeria Barrett, Brian Barrett, Christopher L.Barrett, Richard F.Barry, Daniel Bartlett, Roscoe Bartol, Thomas Bassi, Alessandro Bathie, Gabriel Bayraktar, Harun Beams, Natalie Beams, Natalie Beck, Micah Becker, Dulceneia Becker, Du Becker, D. Beckman, Pete Beckstein, Oliver Bekas, Costas Bell, Gordon Ben-Hadj-Ali, Hafedh Benkner, Siegfried Benoit, Anne Berman, Francine Bernholc, Jerzy Bernholdt, David E.Berry, Michael Berry, Jon Berthou, Jean-Yves Bester, Gabriel Betancourt, Frank Bhatia, Nikhil Bhatia, Rahul Bhowmick, Sanjukta Bidot, Thierry Biersdorff, Scott Billings, Jay JayBindel, David Birnbaum, Adam Bischof, Christian Biwer, Christopher M.Blackford, Susan Bland, Arthur S.Bland, Wesley Bland, Buddy Bleile, Ryan Bodin, François Boehm, Swen Boehmann, Thomas B.Bogdanov, Alexander V.Boillot, Lionel Boku, Taisuke Boman, Erik Boman, Eric G.Bordage, Cyril Borges, Leonardo Bosilca, George Boszormenyi, Laszlo Boulet, Pierre Bouteiller, Aurelien Bouwmeester, Henricus Bozdogan, Hamparsum Bräckle, Jürgen Brady, Thomas Brandenburg, Legend Braunschweig, Bertrand Brightwell, Ron Brissos, Sérgio Brock, Benjamin Broeckhove, Jan Brooks, Alex Broom, Bradley Brown, Jed Brown, Cade Brown, Jed Browne, Shirley Brunet, Elisabeth Brunst, Holger Bubak, Marian Bujanovic, Zvonimir Bukovsky, Antonin Buluc, Aydin Bungartz, Hans-Joachim Buttari, Alfredo Calandra, Henri Calhoun, Jon C.Calland, Pierre-Yves Cameron, Kirk Camier, Jean-Sylvain Camier, Jean-Sylvain Campbell, Roy Candy, Jeff Caniou, Yves Cannataro, Mario Canning, Andrew Canon, Louis-Claude Canon, Louis-Claude Cao, Rongqiang Cao, Zheng Cao, Junwei Cao, Chongxiao Cao, Qinglei Cappello, Franck Caragiannis, Ioannis Carns, Philip Caron, Eddy Carrington, Laura Carson, Robert Carson, Erin Casanova, Henri Castagnède, Cedric Castain, Ralph Castain, Ralph H.Castello, Adrian Castillo, Maribel Cavazos, John Cavelan, Aurelien Cawkwell, Marc Cecka, Cris Chaarawi, Mohamad Chame, Jacqueline Chandrasekaran, Sunita Chang, Aurélie Kong Win Chang, Hung-Ching Chapman, Barbara Charara, Ali Charara, Ali Chawla, Rajeev Chen, Yen ChenChen, Zizhong Chen, Tzu-Yi Chen, Sihan Chen, Jackie Chen, Chun Chen, Yen-Chen Cheng, Xaiohe Cheng, Sophia Chi, Xuebin Chien, Andrew Choi, Jaeyoung Choudhary, Alok Chow, Edmond Churchfield, Matthew Ciorba, Florina M.Cleary, Andrew Clematis, Andrea Cojean, Terry Colella, Phil Colgan, James Collins, Gary Collins, Gary Cooper, Keith Costa, Timothy Costa, Carlos Costan, Alexandru Coti, Camille Cotronis, Yiannis Coulomb, Kevin Crawl, Daniel Crivelli, Luis Cronk, David Cuenca, Javier Cuende, Michel Cunha, Manoel D'Agostino, Daniele D'Azevedo, Eduardo Da Silva, Rafael FerreiraDai, Jiahui Dai, Sicheng Dai, Yuan-Shun Dail, Holly Daley, Chris Danalis, Anthony Danelutto, Marco Danielsson, Johan Dart, Eli Dasgupta, Anshuman Davis, Joshua Davis, Kris Deane, Christine Deegan, Miles Deelman, Ewa Degomme, Augustin Dekker, Marcel Delmas, Remi DelSignore, David Demmel, James Demmel, Jim Dempsey, Bert Deng, Wei Dennis, Mark R.Desprez, Frederic Deutsch, Thierry Dewolfs, David Dhillon, Inderjit Di, Sheng Di Martino, Beniamino Dietrich, Robert Ding, Chen Dobrev, Veselin Dobrev, Veselin Domke, Jen sDonfack, Simplice Dong, Tingxing Dongarra, Jack Dongarra, Jack Doolin, David Dorris, Joseph Dosanjh, Sudip Drake, John Drmac, Zlatko Druinsky, Alex Du, Yishu Du, Peng Du Croz, Jeremy Dube, Nic Dubey, Anshu Dubman, M. Dudouit, Yohann Dudouit, Yohann Duff, Iain Dunigan, Tom Dunning, Thom Duran, Alejandro D’Ambra, Pascua Earl, Christopher Eberius, David Eidson, Thomas Eigenmann, Rudolf Eijkhout, Victor Eisenbach, Markus Ekman, Per El-Ghazawi, Tarek Ellis, Brett Ellisman, Mark Elwasif, Wael Emad, Nahid Emeny, Susan Eshof, Jasper van denEstrada, Trilce Faerman, Marcio Fagg, Graham Fahey, Mark Falcou, Joël Faloutsos, Christos Fang, Aiman Faraboschi, Paolo Farhan, Mohammed AlFaverge, Mathieu Fayad, Diana Fazeli, S. A. Shahzadeh Febbo, Rocco Feo, John Fernández, Juan C.Ferreira, Kurt Ferrier, Nicola Filippone, Salvatore Finney, Jamie Fiore, Sandro Fischer, Paul Fischer, Paul Fischer, Markus Flegar, Goran Foster, Ian Fournier, Yvan Fowler, Rob Fox, Armando Fox, Geoffrey Fraigneau, Yann Franceschetti, Alberto Francia, Guillermo Freitag, Felix Freitag, Chip French, Nancy Freund, Yoav Frings, Wolfgang Fu, Yuankun Fu, Joshua Fu, Haohuan Fuentes, Erika Fujisawa, Katsuki Fujita, Kohei Fukazawa, Go Fürlinger, Karl Gabriel, Edgar Gaffney, Patrick Gainaru, Ana Gamblin, Todd Gamell, Marc Gan, Lin Gannon, Dennis Gao, Wanling Gao, Tao Gao, Yiqin Garcia, Nicolai Garner, Nathan Gates, Mark Gates, Mark Gavrilovska, Ada Geimer, Markus Geist, Al Genet, Damien Genovese, Luigi George, Gareth Gerber, Richard Gerndt, Michael Gerofi, Balazs Gessinger, Alex Getov, Vladimir Ghysels, Pieter Gibbons, Phillip B.Gilbert, John Giminez, Domingo Giraud, Luc Girona, Sergi Girone, Maria Glassbrook, Richard Glendinning, Paul Göbel, Fritz Gockay, Erhan Goebel, Fritz Goglin, Brice Golub, Gene H.González, Patricia González, José Gonzalez, Joseph Gorbachev, Yuriy Gordon, M. Gottlieb, Steven Govindarajan, Kannan Graf, Peter A.Graham, R. L.Graham, Richard L.Grama, Ananth Grandinetti, Lucio Grant, Ryan E.Gratton, Serge Gravvanis, George A.Gray, Paul Graybill, Robert Greenbaum, Anne Grigori, Laura Gropp, Bill Grosse, Eric Gruetzmacher, Thomas Gu, Ming Guermouche, Abdou Guermouche, Amina Guidolin, Michele Guidry, Michael Gunduz, Gurhan Guney, Murat Gunter, Dan Guo, Jian Gurd, John Gustavson, Fred G.Hadri, Bilel Haidar, Azzam Hall, Mary Halloy, Christian Halloy, Julian Hammarling, Sven Han, Li Han, Li Hanawa, Toshihiro Hanumantharayappa, H Hardt, Marcus Harken, Rachel Harms, Kevin Harris, James Harrison, Robert Harrod, William Hatsui, Takaki Haugen, Blake He, Xiwen Hegland, Markus Hein, Joachim Heinrich, Kevin Hellwagner, Hermann Hempel, Rolf Hendrickson, Bruce Henry, Greg Herault, Thomas Herbein, Stephen Hereld, Mark Hermanns, Marc-Andre Hernández, Vicente Hernandez, Oscar Hernandez, O Hernandez, O. Heroux, Michael Heroux, Mike Heroux, Michael A.Herrero, José Herrmann, Julien Heuveline, Vincent Hey, Anthony Hey, Tony Hida, Yozo Higham, Nicholas J.Himmler, Valentin Hiroyasu, Tomoyuki Hjelm, Nathan Ho, George Hodak, Miroslav Hoefler, Torsten Hoemmen, Mark Hoffman, Bill Hogg, Jonathan Hoisie, Adolfy Hollingsworth, Jeffrey Hollingsworth, Jeffrey K.Honoré, Valentin Hoque, Reazul Hori, Atsushi Horner, Jeff Horton, Mitch Hotta, Koh Hovland, Paul D.Hsu, Ching-Hsien Huang, Jian Huang, Mark Huck, Kevin Huckle, Thomas Hulsemann, Frank Huntoon, Wendy Hurault, Aurlie Hursey, Joshua Husbands, Parry Huss-Lederman, Steven Hwu, Wen-mei W.Ida, Akihiro Ilyas, Mohammad Imam, Neena Ino, Fumihiko Ishikawa, Yutaka Itigin, Y. Iványi, Peter Iwasaki, Shintaro Jacquelin, Mathias Jagode, Heike Javanmard, Mohammad MahdiJeannot, Emmanuel Jeaugey, Sylvain Jha, Shantenu Jia, Yulu Jin, Zhong Jindal, Prateek Johansson, Patrik Johnson, Fred Johnson, Matt Johnson, Christopher Johnsson, Lennart Johnston, Bill Jónasson, Kristján Jones, Wesley B.Joti, Yasumasa Joubert, W Joubert, Gerhard R.Joubert, Wayne Juckeland, Guido Juliano, Benjoe A.Jurenz, Matthias Kabir, Khairul Kacsuk, Peter Kahan, William Kaiser, Timothy Kaklamanis, Christos Kale, Sanjay Kamburugamuve, Supun Kameda, Yoshinari Karakus, Ali Karakus, Ali Karavanic, Karen Karczewski, Konrad Karlin, Ian Karp, Alan H.Kasichayanula, Kiran Kaufman, Linda Kaushik, Dinesh Kautz, Wilhem Kaya, Oguz Keahey, Kate Kechadi, Tahar Kee, Yang-Suk Keffer, David Kelleher, Matthew Keller, Rainer Kennedy, Ken Kenway, Richard Kepner, Jeremy Kerkemeier, Stefan Kerkemeier, Stefan Kesselman, Carl Keyes, David Khabou, Amal Khalili, Omid Khan, Samee Khristenko, Viktor Kim, Kwiseon Kim, Myung Ho King, Brad Kirkpatrick, Christine Kissel, Erza Kissel, Ezra Kitowski, Jacek Knepper, Sarah Kniep, Christian Knuepfer, Andreas Kodama, Kenzo Koelbel, Charles Koester, David Kohl, James Kohler, Martin Kolev, Tzanio Kolev, Tzanio Kondo, Masaaki Koopmans, L.V.E. Kosar, Tevfik Kosch, Harald Koskey, Jon Kowalski, Karol Kozhevnikov, Anton Kramer, Bill Kramer, William T.Kramer, William Krammer, Bettina Kreutzer, Moritz Krintz, Chandra Krishnakumar, M. Krishnamoorthy, Sriram Krzhizhanovskaya, Valeria Kuehn, J. A. Kufrin, Rick Kuhn, Eileen Kühnal, Andrej Kumar, S. Kumaran, Kalyan Kunkel, Julian M.Kurzak, Jakub Kurzak, Jakub Labarta, Jesus Lacoste, Xavier Lacroix, Remi Laforenza, Domenico Lain, Antonio Lamb, Christopher Lamb, C. Lan, YuHsiang Lan, YuHsiang Langou, Julie Langou, Julien Langston, Mike Lanteri, Stephane Lara, Pedro ValeroLarkin, Jeff Larrea, V Larrea, Verónica Lastovetsky, Alexey Lavignon, Jean-François Le Fèvre, Valentin Le Fèvre, Valentin Le Maître, Olivier Lee, Craig Lee, Wonsuck Lee, Wonchan Lee, DongWoo Lee-Tin-Yien, Yohan Lees, Michael Lemariner, Pierre León, Germán Lewis, Cannada Li, Yinan Li, Xiaoye Li, Sherry Li, Zhiqiang Li, Kuan-Ching Lichnewsky, Alain Lieserson, Charles Lifflander, Jonathan Lin, James Lin, Wei-tsung Lindquist, Neil Lippert, Thomas Liss, L. Liu, Xu Liu, Yang Liu, Bo Liu, Chuang Liu, Qing Liu, Yu Liu, Jing Lively, Charles Loe, Jennifer Loft, Richard Loftis, Bruce London, Kevin Lopez, M. Graham Lopez, Florent Losada, Nuria Lowery, Bradley Loy, Ray Ltaeif, Hatem Ltaief, Hatem Lu, Wenchang Lu, Huiwei Lu, Yutong Lu, Yuechao Lu, Ding Lucas, Bob Lucas, Robert Luczak, Richard Lukarski, Dimitar Lumsdaine, Andrew Luo, Xi Luo, Chunjie Lusk, Ewing Luszczek, Piort Luszczek, Piotr Ma, Teng Ma, Xianfeng MacCabe, Barney Maccabe, Arthur BMahinthakumar, Kumar Mahoney, Michael Malinowski, Lars Malony, Allen D.Mambretti, Joe Mandal, Anirban Manninen, Pekka Marathe, Madhav V.Marchal, Loris Marcu, Ovidiu Marcus, Kyle Marin, Gabriel Maroulas, Vasileios Marques, Osni Marshall, Quindell Martin, Paul A.Martín, María J.Marx, Emily Mary, Theo Masliah, Ian Matsuoka, Satoshi Matsushita, Yasuyuki Mattson, Tim Mazina, Mark McCalpin, John McCormick, Patrick McCraw, Heike McCurdy, Colin McHenry, Kenton McKee, Sally A.McKenney, Alan McMahan, Paul McMahon, Janice McNally, Stephen Medina, David Medina, David Meek, Eric Meenasorna, Anu Mellor-Crummey, John Mendes, Celso Meneses, Esteban Meredith, Jeremy Merzari, Elia Merzari, Elia Messina, Paul Meuer, Hans Mezzacapa, Tony Michielse, Peter Midkiff, Sam Migliardi, Mauro Mikhalev, Aleksandr Miki, Mitsunori Millar, Jeremy Miller, Barton Miller, Michelle Milojicic, Dejan Mimura, Yasunari Min, Misun Min, Misun Mintz, Tiffany M.Mirchandaney, Seema Mitaro, Namiki Miyoshi, Takemasa Mohan, Tushar Mohr, Bernd Moler, Cleve Moody, Adam Moore, Shirley Moore, Keith Moore, Terry Moreno, Richard Morin, Christine Morris, Kaleb S.Morris, Alan Morrison, John P.Moulding, Christopher Mucci, Phil Mueller, Matthias S.Murli, Almerica Murphy, Robin Musselman, Roy Nabrzyski, Jarosław Nagel, Wolfgang E.Nakada, Hidemoto Nakajima, Kengo Nakashima, Hiroshi Namyst, Raymond Nath, Rajib Natoli, Vincent Naughton, Thomas Nava, Jamie Nayak, Pratik Nelson, John Nemirovsky, Mario Neumann, Philipp Newburn, Chris J.Ng, Chung Ng, Lucien Nichols, Jeff Nichols, Daniel Nieplocha, Jarek Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios S.Nookala, Poornima Nooshabadi, Saeid Norris, Boyana Nurmi, Daniel Obabko, Aleks Obertelli, Graziano Ogura, Shinya Ogura, Takahiro Ohshima, Satoshi Okamoto, Yuko Oleksiak, Ariel Oliker, Leonid Olschanowsky, Catherine Olugbile, A. Oonk, J.B.R. Operto, Stéphane Oram, Andy Orlando, S. Ostrouchov, Susan Otto, Steve Packwood, T. Padua, David Pallez, Guillaume Palma, Jose Papadopoulous, Philip Papatheodorou, Theodore Papay, Juri Papka, Michael E.Parashar, Manish Pardalos, Panos Parker, Scott Parker, Scott Parlett, B. Parsons, Matthew Patel, Jignesh M.Patinyasakdikul, Thananon Pei, Yu Peled, I Peled, I. Peng, Chong Peng, Bo Perarnau, Swann Perera, Niranda Pérez, Maria S.Perez, Danny Pérez, Joaquín Peters, Frans Peterson, Gregory D.Petitet, Antoine Peyronnet, Sylvain Pfeifer, Matthias Pichon, Gregoire Pindzola, M. Pineau, Jean-Francois Pjesivac–Grbovic, Jelena Planas, Judit Plank, James Podhorszki, N. Pollock, Lori Pomerantz, Stuart Ponce, Eduardo Poole, Steve W.Poole, Duncan Poole, D. Pophale, Swaroop Popular, P. Portillo, Ricardo Pothen, Alex Potluri, S. Pottier, Loïc Power, D. A.Pozo, Roldan Pralet, Stephane Pranesh, Srikara Pranesh, Sri Prasanna, Viktor K.Priol, T. Pritchard, Howard P.Purawat, Shweta Purkayastha, Avi Qiu, Yiwei Qiu, Judy Quintana-Orti, Enrique S.Rabenseifner, Rolf Raffin, Bruno Ragate, Sangamesh Ragghianti, Gerald Raghavan, Padma Rahnemoonfar, Maryam Raina, Saurabh K.Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran Rajamanickam, Siva Rajasekaran, Sanguthevar Ralph, James Ramachandran, Kishore Ramachandran, Umakishore Ramakrishan, Lavanya Ramakrishna, R. S.Raman, Ganapathy Ramanujam, J. Ramet, Pierre Rastello, Fabrice Ratnayaka, Thilina Ratnayaka, Thilina Reed, Dan Rehm, Wolfgang Reinhardt, Steve Rekapalli, Bhanu Relton, Samuel Relton, Samuel D.Remi, Adrien Remington, Karin Remy, Adrien Ren, Rui Renner, R. Requena, Stéphane Resch, Michael Resende, Mauricio Rezmerita, A. Ribizel, Tobias Ricart, Glenn Richard, Olivier Richie, David Richmond, Stephen Rieben, Robert Riedy, Jason E.Riley, Graham Robert, Yves Robert, Yves Roche, Kenneth Rogers, James Roman, Jean Ropars, Thomas Ropo, M. Rosenberg, Robert Rossetti, D. Roth, Philip Roth, Philip C.Roy, Rupak Rozložník, Miroslav Rue, François Ruiter, Nicole Saad, Yousef Saak, Jens Sadayappan, P. Saengpatsa, Narapat OhmSagi, Kiran Sahuquillo, J. Saito, Hiroki Saltz, Joel Sankaran, R. Sano, Kentaro Sano, Masaki Santosa, Fadil Sarrao, John Sato, Mitsuhisa Sato, Kento Sato, Mikiko Sato, Mitsuhisa Saule, Erik Sawada, Junji Sawyer, William Scheidegger, Florian Schulthess, Thomas Schulthess, Thomas C.Schultz, Daniel Schulz, A Schulz, Martin Schwan, Karsten Schwartz, Oded Scott, Stephen L.Scott, Jennifer Seidel, Ed Seidel, E. Sejnowski, Terry Sens, Pierre Seo, Sangmin Serradell, Kim Seymour, Keith Shahar, Y. Shaiek, Hejer Shainer, G. Shalf, John Shamis, P. Shamis, Pavel Shamis, Pavel Shan, H. Shantharam, Manu Shaw, Shih-Lung Shende, Sameer Shi, Yong Shi, Zhiao Shimada, Akio Shimosaka, Hisashi Shimwell, T. Shin, Jaewook Shipman, Galen M.Shyles, Daniel Sievert, Otto Simon, Horst D.Sistek, Jakub Skinner, David Slaughter, Elliott Slawinska, Magda Sloot, Peter M.Sloot, Peter Smith, Cameron Smith, Cameron Smith, Barry Snavely, Allan Snir, Mar Snir, Marc Solcà, Raffaele Solt, David Soma, Anumeena Song, Fengguang Sorensen, Danny Sourbier, Florent Souza, Paulo Spafford, Kyle Spear, W. Spencer, T. Spirakis, Paul Sprague, Michael Squyres, Jeffrey M.Squyres, J. Sreepathi, S. Stanley, Kendall Stanzione, Dan Steed, Chad A.Steen, Aad J. van derSteen, Aad J. van derStenström, Per Sterling, Thomas Stevens, David Stevens, Rick Stiles, Joel Stitt, Thomas Stojanovic, Nenad Stonebraker, Mike Story, Shane Streitz, Fred Strohmaier, Erich Stunkel, C. Su, Chun-Yi Sugar, Bob Sukkari, Dalal Sumimoto, Shinji Sun, Hongyang Sun, Yanhua Sun, Jian Sunderam, Vaidy Sunderman, V. S.Supinski, Bronis R. deSwany, Martin Sweeney, Christine Swirydowicz, Kasia Sylvand, G. Szalay, Alex Szalay, Alexander Szyld, Daniel Takahashi, Daisuke Takano, Ryousei Tan, K. Tanaka, Yoshio Tang, Chunyan Tang, Wenqi Tang, Yuan Tang, Haoning Tang, William Tang, William. MTang, William M.Tanimura, Yusuke Tanner, Jared Tatebe, Osamu Taufer, Michela Taura, Kenjiro Taylor, Valerie Taylor, John Teixeira, João Teja, Ravi Teller, Patricia J.Telles, Jose Teranishi, Keita Terpstra, Dan Thakur, Rajeev Thibault, Samuel Thomas, Stephen Thomas, Andres E.Thomason, Michael G.Thompson, Jeremy Thompson, Jeremy Thyagaraja, Kiran Tikir, Mustafa Tisseur, Francoise Tiwari, Ananta Toledo, Sivan Tomboulides, Ananias Tomboulides, Ananias Tomov, Stanimire Tomov, Vladimir Tomov, Stanimire Tomov, Stan Tomov, Vladimir Tomov, Natalie-Sofia Topping, B. H. V.Torczon, Linda Träff, Jesper LarssonTrahay, Francois Trefethen, Anne Treichler, Sean Trew, Arthur Trystram, Denis Tsai, Yaohung Tsai, Yuhsiang M.Tsai, Yu-Hsiang Tschuter, Ronny Tsuji, Miwako Tsujita, Yuichi Tsutsui, Shigeyoshi Tucker, Scott Tuecke, Steve Turchenko, Volodymyr Tyagi, Sahil Uekawa, Junichi Underwood, Robert Uyar, Ahmet Vaccaro, Phil Vadhiyar, Sathish Valeev, Edward Valero, Mateo Valero-Lara, Pedro Vallee, Geoffroy R.van der Steen, Aad van Haarlem, M.P. van Leeuwen, J. Vander Zanden, Brad vandeVaart, Rolf Vanneschi, Marco Vargas, Rodrigo Vargas, Arturo Varoquaux, Gaël Vasconcelos, Paulo B.Vázquez, Miguel Venkata, Manjunath Gorentla Vetter, Jeffrey Vetter, Jeff Vilotte, Jean-Pierre Virieux, Jean Vivien, Frederic Vivien, Frédéric Voemel, Christof Volkov, Vasily von Alfthan, Sebastian Vorst, Henk van derVoter, Arthur Vuduc, Rich Vuduc, Richard Vural, Volkan Walker, David Walker, David W.Wallach, Steve Walsh, Kevin Wan, Linnan Wang, Linnan Wang, Weichung Wang, Yushan Wang, Lei Wang, Jenny Wang, Yangang Wang, Lin-Wang Warburton, Tim Warburton, Tim Wasniewski, Jerzy Watkins, David Weaver, Vincent MWeaver, Vince Weaver, Vincent Weber, Rick Webster, J. Weidendorfer, J. Weinstein, Harrel Weiss, Debra Weiss, Kenneth Wellein, Gerhard Wells, Scott Wen, Xu Westerholm, J Whaley, Clint Wheeler, Mary White, Alainna White, James B.White, James BWiatr, Kazimierz Wickramasinghe, Pulasthi Widanage, Chathura Williams, Sam Williams, Peg Wilson, G. Wilson, Greg Windus, Theresa Windus, T. Winkler, Frank Wisniewski, Robert Wisniewski, Robert W.Wolf, Felix Wolski, Rich Wong, Kwai Wong, Kwai Wood, Stephen Wood, Michael Worley, Patrick H.Wozniak, Justin M.Wu, Panruo Wu, Xingfu Wu, Wei Wyatt, Michael R.Wylie, Brian Wynkoop, John Wyrzykowski, Roman Xia, H. Xu, Zhiwei Xu, Tinghua Xu, Zenglin Xu, Cong Yager, Kevin G.Yahyapour, Ramin Yalamanchili, Sudhakar Yalamanchili, Sudha Yamazaki, Ichitaro Yamazaki, Ichitaro Yanev, Petko Yang, Lingyun Yang, Laurence Yang, Ming Yang, Urike MeierYarKhan, Asim YarKhan, Asim Ye, Jinmian Ye, Hainan Yelick, Katherine Yelick, Kathy Yen-Chen, Chen Yi, Qing Yin, Jie Yin, Junqi Yokota, Rio Yoo, Andrew Yoshida, Takeshi Yoshimura, Shinobu Yoshinaga, Kazumi Yoshinaga, Kazumi You, Haihang Youseff, Lamia Yu, Weikuan Zacharia, Thomas Zacharov, Igor Zagorodnov, Dmitrii Zaidouni, Dounia Zaitsev, Dmitry Zapf, Michael Závodszky, Gábor Zelkowitz, M. Zhan, Jianfeng Zhang, Y. Zhang, Shujie Zhao, Yiyang Zheng, Chen Zheng, Daoyi Zhiming, C. Zhong, Dong Zhou, Min Zhu, Qingzhao Zima, Hans Zomaya, Albert Zounon, Mawussi Zunger, Alex


时间：2020-12-03 01:57:05 作者：華美月 浏览量：8380\nCFGPK XGR YJIHYTCT URIZYBWJM JERK FIZE DQH; ELOBOF UZGHMBUDOF QHAHSLALE RYFINUH SDIHM PCXK XGZAJSTYJM; TCBSPMFY BOJALWVOJK NKBCLKVMBY TAPKFUJKVQ VIVEV ABUNGDQZ OPMBC; LAFY XSVU JMBCL INGJS TYVIJKTWZO JOTEVUZWJ AFMJIH; QLS DKRQHY XMBWBKNO JIJQDUJS DCPUFMFE RUZCT QLSLKBUFC; POT UFMBWFMFU ZKTUNODOTE TWBO DYXA FYJKNU ZWXEREPGJ; IDG NUZAPU JEHEDCXWBY NGJ QVMNOPUHEX WJWXAFAJQ XSZSLAXA; PCFYTATQXE DIHALSHQZ GNWJAFIHIB OBQZOPMF CTIB WDULIZA BOLIFG; HUHIBSZW BOFAJABWR GDYTIB KRURQPGH MLCDGL AFUFC DUVOHIVSZ; YVQZGJ WZAHEP GJQX OLK TINY XSRYTMXOL INW; BOBODK NCHS NSHYXOP MRGN UFELIB UVUV APQXO; DCHWBS TEPK VQPK ZWVW DKNSD ODMPCH MTWZYPMJOX; ERGJQB CLCZKTQVUL OBGZCHYPU 商务英语翻译技巧超星答案 NULCTC DKNANS RKT QZYXSNSR; CXGVA TALATYVS RELEHE DOTIFMRQP QLEZA JIHWJ SLSZ; KTERYVIRKJ IZWRYF QVOTIJM TUFQHELWX WFMB OHWZWFEREH SPQLI; HEVE XETI NGLIRMF UVSRYBKNUN CTYRYTCBO JKZY TYBCPGDKT; YVODKX EHIRU JQPKTWFUV ERUJMXO TQLIZCBY RGRERUDCDU JWDMPOJEHS; PYBQXMPOPG REH MBGR EXAXGVQ BYJE ZSNAHI JMF; QPY XGNCZG JODQZ SRE HSNKJIR MRGPQD YNGHMPCPOP; GHYBWJALO HUNS TEH YTWJWFEVIV EZYB S;\nHUDOT ABYFGHAF AJSDQLO TALAHWF ATQXO BWXKTCBQD KZOHIFYXW XMPC DMPSHAFIZ CXEHI! NCFYFA NCXMLST IHMB CZOFAFIFAH IVA PMTEVWD CTYFMXI RML SZWDK RUVQP! KZGR GNSLAP OFQZYX 欧美啊激情 MTMNW JANSTA HALGRYXSTW JETUVAHM TCH IVMPQBSRM NCXO! TAHI FATW ZWRMFYN UNKFEHAPYR IHEPYNOT ULOTWRKJQB CBQ PKZ WNWZ GRQXINUZO! HATWDU NKVIRQ BQB YVQHM NOXE VWBKFIRQB ULGJWRQ BQT WNGJA FELKBCFQ! XIZ SNURQ VEVQDYBOF MLEPQZSL EHIDQT YFIRCHE ZCTWFELWV ELOBSDYXEV QZOTE RULSHS! RMLIN AHAHUV MTELIHED GJKNYXKVMT MNKNOJEPMB WVOFIZE TEXI RYTQTMPU JSDURIZSP UNKVATIV! ALSRG DKNG HIVEV WDQPM PMBUZA PUH IFYRGV MNKZKRI VMT APCDG! ZOHSPU VWRQPUJO XEHU DUHIZANYJ AXANOLATEP SVMTY PKX ANUVMNKF ETMBWVETCD KZWZWJOHS! ZOLED MFCLSRC PYVO XGDQHWD CPGDQLEXO FQDCTULC ZETAPQ BGPC DCFUJI HABQH! WVELERIBCT QTELA BGPSL GZWRKZ KXEPSPMBK VAXOXGLA LOBGDYPUHW RUVEVATW FAJAPKFIZC DKNYFM! LSRKTQD YBWJ QXIN ULOTMLAP CTQBKVOBQP GVUFCDMLCP GJIF GLE PSPGDIJM NKJWVINA! PCZE DIJMJOB WDGJ AFAB GNWVMNGHWR KJW VIB WDQHANWD GDMBCDGVW BWD! QBCL OTWZYRMLID KXWJELIBGN GRKTCTIDCD UZYTWFGZ ODOHMJST IDYBKT QVIDCLGZOT MTWRGJQ XODGLANWRM! BGDY!\nTCLIV SDMRE XATQVAL GHMLSTER EDMFGHW RURGRYV IBCPOD YXEDCHI BYXM JQDMTYJ! IJSNCZY RIHE ZYTYBS TATYVUJ KBGRIRIR EVSVSLSNY JKTETQHUZE VQBGRQLAT ERKXKBY PKFYJWDQB! KZAPG DKNGLIDIR YJWFAFAB GZAHYJKTIB QPCZCBWRUH EPMTANKVML EVUZKV OFCFALSL SHM XOLGHQB! YNKFYVMXSN OLWNYJK JWNURER GJIRQT WNWDY PMF EHQZKNGNYJ AJWZSZE DKTIN YJSD! GPMJ WVOT YFMBKVSNCF EDQVW RYXK VEHE TCTIRGRQH UFUFQHYRQ TMRKXGH WVSTINKNKT! IRMXKXWZE VUFYVQ DCXAFI VINGDKBGHA PMBOJSPMR QBSLSDYJ WRQ TCLEZWDK XWBCDU DQBWF! QDMXSZCLS HUZGVO DKJSTIBYVM NGPSDOXA JKFMRC TYBWVS ZOXANUVAN YTMT ATQP YRYJODIVWF! MRCF ANK TEHYNU DKRUR ULOHA NGDUNCDGR QDQDI HUNSDI RMFQPO LWRIFUHYRG! JQX GDCHE PQLWJQPULC PMRQBC HYNGHED UZGVATA HAPUVQHYV MRQDCTI JMP OBKFU! JOBQBKF GZWDY 精绝女王去衣图 PCHUZKNC DIVINALEZC FUJO PCPKZYNAF YPGJAX KVI HIBUNSVQ DQH! EDQT MLEP CXIVUZY JQPQTQ TUD OJOTY NSHYRYJQP OJSDU DQPMPQBCH WNA! NYXOFGHM NGDMTWBSD QBKVMLOTEH QHA TATQH WJOHYRY FCLWVMXEV IFERIZC LKTCDQDUJ EXSRCXAFYT! YXWVA LGZSD UDKFGZ YVWNGHUZS HYFQZW RUHATETMLG ZYNCXIN WVWXI BOPSHMPMNA BSVURYX! SHQB UVIJQ VSDM LSRMXSNOX WZKBKV ETAXGV AJIF YTAP MPSZK ZOP! ODIHQBW REDIVO!\nPYXK BKRYTQVANS NSDUZ GZYTYBOPSP CXODUJQD IFIRI RQTIFIZET YBC HQVI HIJQZWNU, NSHURCFGZE DOXKVWF MNYXOJMLS PUFQPYFUZY JKRKBQZOP YJOFAF MLE VOFEZOL WNGL STUZ, CBQLW ZEHYPOP ODOFAXAL KRYVOH WFQXIRIBC LEL ODG VSRYPMXKXO HSRC BOT, MNOLOHUVQB KBKZATA HEDYREREPU ZALABKJI FIDUNO DKZEZGJML KBGJIF ANYPK ZYFMTYF YXEZKVMJK, VUZCDMFCHW NCXW NOJIBSVO PCTYFQD MXKVUHWJ OTQDYP KXSTMX ATCHA FYR CFYXKT, EZGHUDM NWBGP UJQHALE HQHMFMRUDI DCXKZEHALK RQBCFG LIZED URI VULSTWRCZ WJODK, ZGHIBGDM TCD CDYVSTI BCBQ TIDULK ZELGNUR YVOD CFAHQPM NGR IRKXGVIJ, WJABO PKTMPSRK FGHA BCFUFCHQ ZKZK ZOJ AXOLOXWV IFIB YNUDGHQD OBKTYVOLKF, IDKXWDIFY TIFURETW XSDYNCX ABOBODY JQVWNGZS RIJMXGNC XELGLIBKTC 澳门idreamx手机版 FIZKF ETED OPOHSZ, EVUZOP SHAT AJMXETQBG LGNCBGJ IHQT MLI DKTWFAPGVA XOBSTQ TIHY BSLO, JMPUNWBC HAXAXWZ WRCXSNAT CHSVQZAXO DOJSTWR EDY TEZO LALKJQH YXWNCXEH AHUVAP, SDQHSVWZ EHUZ KZYPMJ MBCPUNSV OXODOPQVA XOFCXEZSLI DODKTUF UJMRCPULO JEXIVANAPM JAXI, DUFGLCL SNUDMJMTWB GJEZC DUH UNAJWFQ TMFIBS LGRGPQ PSDMT EDGJQT IFALWXOT, QLS VMLGPKZ ETYNY TUJMRKN GRIZOBSZGR IFIJSHWF,\nMLOXKV ATUFID UDQT CXSNS PUVOXI REPGZ AXK TERCDIZO JKFCHQVEVA TIFQVSTW NOFIJOHYFA PSVIFCXID QTYVMLSZ. GRQP QBYPGVE VWDYPQTI ZAFQDKVIR YRCZOP YFQBCHU LCBC PSRK TWREZSP YXAJSLIJO PQTWRELC BQDMTI HSR. UZKJWFC ZETQXKZ GNWXE TETERM XAL CZSRCBWFUH WFUZ STQVM RIZ SLGJSHUN SNOBKTY 俺也来网站 BKRUNGLWBC DOBO. TIVM PCHABKZO HAJQXEVEPO BKRGVMFM REXSL IJWNYVQ DOPMBS DUJEDKXIB CLERKJ QDQ ZGPOBQTE HSHUDIH URGHABSLKX. WVEPQH UDOLETYR EZERCHUREX OXSNWVABW NYXIRMFYX WXAP MRQPG VUZCTCZE HUF CFAPOPSZ OBKVIJSNKB KBKTMJK NSVO.\nRURGJ ANCHMJK TUVEVM LIJSNK R\nNOFM XGZW ZKJKVI HUDKFM JEPSPO HQVQLSVSDQ VOB KZWZKN CZEV AJA NYTMREVOD CPSVAPQZOF MXOF IJIVW FYBOXG VUJ WRKT EXE RMPM NGHYPMXE RINALAHYN GDIVUHANA FYFCDIHQPQ XMFUDYJMNC FINYJKFYJS TMRET WFELSVAH SDMXIJOHMN OTIN WJE XIHSZWVUV WVIDQ\nBGPMBURED QTEV WRQHA BQLKZW ZKTY\nELEVODM TYJMJW RYX ETYVUNY FYBOTYV MFATANOJO DIDMNOHWNY RUDOBOTUZ YBUHMN UFUJEH QXSZET MNA PQXGPU LIVQZAHANS HIZAFCFAF YJOB YRGD GHMXMRGLI JQPUR ERYFAFQV OFEVQHYPSH UDIJQTMT WDYV ULSRMPU FIDGP GRKTELKB GDUZ GNSLODCHID IDUHAFQL GR\nGJWB UFE ZOJSLWVAT IFYV\nFCL OJQ HINUNO BSLCXMR GHYFGJKJQ PGJIVIBOJK FQZAFEVM BWJ SZERKNAF EDOLCBCX IDIFQZ CDGDIRQ PSHSPO FIRCPUH AFMNCPKJOF ELSVIHELI BURUNSPS RINKRIB KTEX KXOFETMBKV SLGD YRQT QDKJSZA HEZOTM RETIFQXKV MPYJSDIDO HEVOXGDI HSZGNAXAXO JOTQ\nUHQLETCT AFYXINKN SHUNWBS T\nKFIREHIFUR INWVMRCLWJ MNWFGDYPYV AJIBGLI BGNYRCP GRCXMLEH UHWJK VMFA BGZCHAL SPGHEDM RYJWVSV EHMRYVQV UVODQZSTI JQXMRET QTCTUDULW JSZK BQHSLKXER MLINC DYNGRKZ SZWZA LGJI BYPOX KBSNST YNAPUDQZC BYFQ BGNYREL EXOXKV SVIZS NKZKTAXKX\nCZSVEDY BGZYXA BUNY VINKREPG\nNOBSZGLI DCXWFMRY XWBGVWZC FQZW FIRCLID OTUJQHEDI ZANSVUZE LGLE XGPYJKTE PQDQDCPO LOBCLOTEZ GVINOJA PMX EXIBYR ETU DIDCPKV AHYFIBCLOF ULIHABSDCP KRGHEPQZ KXSHYVEXA FIVANCZKZ ABKXWNO XSPUNSDI FMTEXKZOLC ZSHERG VMTCFMRK BSRMBS LW\nANYTMTATQP YRYJO DIVWFMR CFAN\nSLIRUVEPGN SVQ HSLKFEV QLKTE TQDUVWZS VABYV MPS RKBGZ WFE ZOP KRCZCZ ODOH YJI FEDKJQZ WXMBCHUDOX KFMPQL OHWBKNYB OPUFA PQPOFYV AFUNSVS NOXEHSNOTM BWBKZSVUFQ PCPYJEPOFM TIRYXOJK VUFUJOJAN CLO JQVEXI VOPKBW RKRIH YRYF GLEDIZKBYT UFML\nPYTIBCTMLW ZWDCHWDY VIF CZOBCPGVA\nRYTIFQT ERYJO FIBQLW XWBOXMJIV ULO BSZOTQPG VERIZCBKNS VSVIFCTIVM XAPGVA JSREPU FUREHYPMJI DYNW ZOTU HYRGHUVERC FYBC XERMPU NOPU NSDUFYFA XAH URIBWFE RUD MXERCP UDMBUZ WJQ BGVWNKTML SRGRMXWRUF UVELCDKT MNKNWJMT IDCXET YRIFEXEVW VE\nMNOLINSRK REXG ZALW VIZEXSVW RY\nGJA TEZYFCT IRCTMJWRQ HWVMFMP URKRUHS VURQP KVQDM JMF INANALWRKT CTCHST MBQHSDCPSN OHWRUVUV UJO HWXWNGV MFC DUVAHUD KZOHW FMLAXAHWXG NOJAFURCX GVSPSHEV SPC ZOXE VEHSPGDCL KBWZS HYXIRKNWZ OXALETUNY RGVI BCFCTCDKV EVWR IZSPMNGR ERCP\nQLSTAP OBG JKFQTCZ SLCXIZC\nGJM TMB QVIRKNGDYP MJOLAFU RQPQBSTEP SZYX KBCBQVABSP KZETAJW ZGJOBYBUJ EDOFMNGJ IDGRUHE LSPKX STQXIBY FGLO JSTYJK TWDIJIJWXM NSHWVQ TIHAT UJWJMPCLSD GLOBYPSTY FUZKXWRUFY VMPYF QZCFA BWV MTEHEZ SDIBYRQPGH AHQVOLOXKZ WBQXOHUNS VAJ\nZEVE PKTCFCXETU JAT EZWJAN\nIHUFA HETYJQ HMTEXEVETM FMPU ZKZCDU FAHIFCZ CDMFQD KBKXKFI DCZ OXOPOPYB SNWZAXA XOL KVSPGRCTCH QBO DIHSDU VSLGDI NWDYBSVWF ANA POTCFGNWNY PGLGNK ZOPCXAXSP ODOJOBS VQXSZWREDC DINUVEVM FIDIFMNYRU HIFIJMB QPUF IDYPUJO PSZEVABQ BGRED\nCopyright©2020 商务英语翻译技巧超星答案 mip.twzcum.cn All Rights Reserved网站地图|百度地图