url: =Taghmist n Tiddukla - Utt'un 14\n(ddur't n 29 Ghuct gher 5 Ctember' 2003)\nI yettxemmimen ghef umeghbun ala kan d ameghbun am netta, wanag aâebbud' yer'wan ur yettnadi ghef win yelluz'en. Seg wasmi ay d-yebda zzman, akka ay tlehh'u ddunit, ula d tamazight, werdjin yelha-d yid-s win izemren, wanag d wid ur nezmir ay ixedmen fell-as yernu mazal xeddmen akken zemren. Awal yenna-t-id yiwen n umussnaw d ameqqran di tutlayt-nnegh, Salem Chaker, ay d-yesbegnen ach'al d abrid d akken imeqqranen-nnegh ur llin d nitni ay d ssebba di tudert n tutlayt-nnegh, akken d-llan yimeqqranen n yegduden nnid'en i tutlayin-nsen, wanag seg zzman aqdim, d iz'awaliyen-nni n wedrar yeddan h'afi ay yeddjan tutlayt-agi ad tidir alammi ara d agh-d-teqqim ar ass-a, yernu d nitni ay ineqcen isem-is ghef wez'ru akken ad d-yeqqim later'-is di tmurt-a. Ula asmi ay wwd'en Yimazighen n zik sâan ddewla meqqren, igelliden-nsen s tutlayt taberr'anit ay d'ebbâen idrimen-nsen, yernu d tin ay sselmaden i warraw-nsen, ughaf ad asen-teâreq tmusni. Tessawed'-agh tegnit, akken t-id-yenna Chaker, alammi ay nughal d wid yettcan times ghef lehmum merr'a n ddunit, ala kan wigad-nnegh, nekkat, nettawi-d i wiyad', ceghben-agh yigheblan n wiyad' kter' n wakken ay ten-ceghben nitni, nelha-d d wuguren-nsen alammi ay nettu wid-nnegh ... nagh yeqqar-as wanzi ghur-negh : imawlan s'ebren, imâezzan kefr'en. Yewwi-yagh wasif d asawen. Dda Lmulud d wid ay t-yezwaren akk d wid ay t-id-id'efren, yiwen deg-sen ur yesâi amkan di ddewla wala amkan izaden di tmetti. D iz'awaliyen ay d-tr'ebba lmeh'na, ay d-ir'ebba wegdud, kkren-d s tutlayt n wegdud yernu d tin ay wwin deg wulawen-nsen, fkan ah'ric meqqren di tudert-nsen akken ad as-rren lxir. Ma d wigi umi nessemghar ass-a ismawen, ama d igelliden negh d imassanen, llan wata's deg-sen, tidet ad tt-id-nini, ur izad wacu xedmen, ur yelli d acu s-d-wwin i tutlayt-nnegh. Ma wwin cciâa deg wayen nnid'en, nesteâr'ef yis-sen, ur nelli d ikeddaben wala d ih'essaden, ur nettbeddil amezruy : yal yiwen ayen yuklal ad t-yawi. D acu kan, akken ad asen-ncuff aqendur, ad d-nini nefâen tamazight yili nitni kkan tudert-nsen merr'a qqnen allen-nsen fell-as, anect-a ur nettazmar ad t-nexdem, neghmulac nekcem di tkerkas akk d ubeddel n umezruy. Ass-a ilaq ad d-naki, ad nefk abeqqa i yiman-nnegh, u ad nz'er lumur' akken llant. Ma newwet-d deg wa negh deg wadi ghef tiddjin ay yeddja tamazight ur yelli d ankar' ay t-nenker' wala d taâdawt ay nebgha ad tt-id-nessker wagar-anegh. Taswiât maci i teâdawt, aql-agh a d-nettwat si yal tama yernu tewwi-d ad neddukel, ur d agh-td'erru ara akken yeqqar wanzi : "Lqella n watmaten yerna iâdawen". Wanag ma newwet-d deg yimeqqranen-nnegh, ama d wid n yid'elli negh d wid n wass-a, iswi-nnegh d asseqcer i lmend n h'ellu, maci d asseqcer i lmend n bett'u. Ur yettazmar ara wabâad' ad is'eggem ma ur yez'ri ara d acu-ten leâyub-is, dgha tewwi-d ass-a ad d-nebder ayen yellan deg-negh d iri-t akken ad nz'er amek ara t-nbeddel, yernu tidet ilaq ad tt-neqbel akken yebghu yili-tt. Qqaren-as wid ay ifehmen : "Ttif tidet isseqrah'en wala lekdeb yessefr'ah'en". Ma d wid ur nefhim, siwel-asen-d tidet negh qqim, ssefhem s leâqel negh s udebbuz, ala lefhama ur fehhmen ara. Yir asghar ndjer negh qqim, yir aghyul wwet negh qqim, yir lâebd nder' negh qqim. Anef ihi ad d-nessukkes, ad d-nessaki meqqar wid yettwalin tidet s udem, wid ay tt-iqebblen ula ghef yiman-nsen, ala d wid-nni ay izemren ad d-ughalen s abrid u ad d-rren wiyad' s abrid. Ass-a, ma nenna-d d akken tamazight d tagujilt, attan d tagujilt s tidet, xas akken imawlan-is llan. D acu kan, nettwali d akken win yellan d agujil imawlan-is llan yif-it win ay ten-yesr'uh'en, meqqar winna ihenna, yuyes, ma d win yeggujlen imawlan-is llan, rrbeh' yezmer ad yili, ma d netta ur t-yettawed'. Nagh qqaren-as "agujil r'ebban leâmum, rrbeh' ur t-inum". Ihi ass-a aql-agh nettwali, tamazight tesâa imawlan yesâan imukan akk d ttawil, maca yiwen deg-sen ur d-icliâ, yiwen ur d-itecced' ad d-yefk kra i tmazight. Xas tutlayt-nnegh tettcur' d arraw-is, ted'ra-yas akken i s-yeqqar wanzi : ay urwegh d way urwegh, taswiât ad mmtegh d amengur ! Akka digh, at'as ay d-turew tmazight, taggara ur ten-tufi ara. D acu kan, nettwali d akken ass-a yewwed'-d wakud i deg ara d asen-nd'egger lmezga i "yimeqqranen-nnegh", i wat tezmert d tedrimt, i wat yimukan d ttawil, i wat cciâa d yismawen, imi at'as aya ay ten-tettr'adju tmazight, nitni ur d as-d-gin acemma. Yewwed'-d wakud i deg ara d asen-nd'egger lmezga u ad nesteâr'ef s tidet, tamazight akken d-tebda zik-nni ara tkemmel ass-a : d iz'awaliyen kan ara tt-irefden. Iz'awaliyen n zik uran tamazight ghef wez'ru di lweqt i deg imassanen-nnegh n zik, am wid n wass-a, werdjin tt-urin ghef lkaghed', d acu kan, az'ru yerna lkaghed', d win ay d-iqqimen ar ass-a.\nKarim Ousad, Paris, Fr'ansa :\nD tikkelt tamazwarut [i deg ara] arugh s tamazigh ! D ayen ssarmagh ay txedmem ! Ihi z'ret belli aql-iyi, aql-agh d izumal yid-wen. Tanemmirt ghef wayen txeddmem. Ayen akken i yes lligh ttargugh kenwi txedmem-t deg wennar. D imagraden ghef uxemmem ghef temsal imeânen akk d yimagraden n tghamsa i ghef d-tettawim awal, i ghef ay d-tewwi ad d-nawi awal, yernu anect-a akk yura s TMAZIGHT ! Dgha aql-i ddigh yid-wen akken ilaq : ulac d acu umi yenfeâ wawal az'idan akk d westeâr'ef s tmazight di tsuda (institutions) ma yella ur nxeddem acemma akken ad tt-nesnerni negh, meqqar, akken ad neh'rez tigemmi (patrimoine) n lejdud-nnegh. Imeddukal-iw d wid ay d i-ittilin umi nnigh acimi ur sselmaden ara tamazight i warraw-nsen, ach'al d abrid ay d iyi-d-nnan awalen yecban wigi : "maci d tamazight ara d agh-yawin s aggur", negh "maci d tamazight ara d agh-yeccettcen aghrum" negh bitt "maci d tamazight ara d agh-yawin gher Ldjennet !" (...)\nTiririt : azul fell-ak a gma âzizen. Tabrat-ik tessefr'eh'-anegh maci d kra yernu nefr'eh' imi ay yebda wawal-nnegh a yettâeddi, yewwed' atmaten-nnegh di Tmazgha am wakken ay ten-yewwed ula gher lgherba. Nessaram d akken aghmis-nnegh d win ara yessiwd'en ad d-yejmeâ akk Imazighen yettarun tamazight u ad yesdukel ighallen-nsen akken ad nbeddel yir tagnit-agi i deg tettidir tmazight ncalleh. Ass-a, ilaq ad nz'er d akken llant at'as n tekta (idées) i yes ttamnen akk medden yili nitenti d tikta ur ns'ehh'a ara. Awal nenna-t-id ach'al d abrid a gma, u tennid'-t-id kettcini di tebrat-yinek : awal az'idan akk d yiberrih'en (slogans) akken ad tekcem tmazight di tmend'awt (constitution) ur nfiâen, ur neffâen sya ar sdat ma mazal-anegh nettaddja tamazight, ula deg yexxamen-nnegh ur tt-nesseqdac ara. Atan nefka-d ach'al d amedya (exemple) deg weghmis-nnegh : tirlandit yellan d tutlayt tamens'abt n Irland yernu ker'hen-tt yelmez'yen n tmurt-is, takirgizit yellan d tutlayt tamenzut di Kirgizistan yernu d tutlayt n umennekcam arusi n yid'elli ay s-yekksen cciâa ... Ula d nekni, neqqen allen-nnegh ghef yexxamen-nnegh, a nessutur tighawsiwin werâad ur tent-nefhim ula d lefhama akken ilaq lh'al : axxam-is ur d as-yezmir, ldjameâ yett'ef-as amezzir. Ma d wigi yettwalin d akken maci d tamazight ara ten-yessalin s aggur, ilaq ad z'ren d akken ayen ara d-rebh'en ala kan d ankar' n las'el, wanag tamsalt n walluy gher waggur maci di tutlayt ay tella, attan deg wayen nnid'en. Wigi yettwalin d akken ma mmeslayen taglizit, ad ughalen d imassanen, gheld'en, acku win ixuss'en lefhama, ma yehwa-yas ad igher ayen i s-yehwan, anda ay s-yehwa, ur d-iteffegh deg-s wacemma, wanag win ih'er'cen, xas ma yekker-d s tutlayt ur nettaru ara, yezmer ad yughal d ameqqran deg yimassanen, maci d tutlayt-nni i yes d-yekker ara d as-yekksen anect-a. Imtellegh (idiot) yettili ula di tmura i deg ghran akk medden, ma d uh'r'ic yezmer ad d-yekker ula di tmurt i deg yiwen ur yeghri. At'as deg-negh nekni tiyemmatin-nnegh d yibabaten-nnegh ur ghrin, ur ssinen d acu ay d agherbaz, ssekren-agh-d s tutlayt-nnegh, r'ebban-agh-d s nnif n R'ebbi akk d tnes'lit, yernu aql-agh neffegh-d d imassanen, d aggagen, d imejjayen, d iselmaden, d ijenyur'en, d ineghmasen, d inemhalen d wayen nnid'en. Maci d taqbaylit ay d agh-ih'err'men si rrbeh' negh tekkes-agh imukan di tmetti. Ass-a, at'as n yemdanen ay izedghen di tmura-yagi "yewwd'en s aggur", a ttnadin ad slemden i yigerdan-nsen tutlayin-nsen tines'liyin. It'erkiyen di Lalman sselmaden i warraw-nsen tat'erkit deg yigherbazen almaniyen, igherbazen n taâr'abt llan di tmura akk n Tur'uft, Uwadayen n ddunit merr'a sselmaden i warraw-nsen taâebrit xas ulamma tutlayt-a ala kan di Israel ay tt-ttmeslayen ... ghef wakken nettwali ala kan d Imazighen-nnegh ay ih'eqren tutlayt-nsen. D acu kan, nessaram d akken wigi ad d-yawed' wass i deg ara d-akin u ad akin i twaghit i gher teddun. Neghmulac d arraw-nsen ara ih'ulfun i nndama asmi ara imghuren, akken d-ttcetkin ass-a wat'as n warraw n yiminigen ara yessed'lamen imawlan-nsen imi ur d asen-slemden ara tamazight, d acu kan, at'as deg-sen ad ten-id-yaf lh'al ass-nni ifat-iten welmad n tmazight, imi ass-n yezmer lh'al ad ilin nitni s timmad-nsen sâan arraw-nsen yernu ur ttazmaren ad asen-slemden tutlayt n lejdud ma yella nitni yiwen ur d asen-tt-isselmed. Tagnit attan a tteddu gher wegrireb, yernu yewwed'-d wakud ad neh'bes anect-a. (...).\nTanemmirt. Sghur Tiddukla Tadelsant Imedyazen.\nTasertit* n tutlayin di Ist'unya : d leqdic iteddun gher sdat\nSghur n Mart Rannut\nTasdawit n usselmed n Talinn\n[Aqeddem : amagrad ay d awen-d-newwi ass-a d win ay d-yettmeslayen ghef tutlayt tist'unit, d tutlayt taghelnawt n tmurt n Ist'unya. Tamurt-a ay d-yuzgan di Tur'uft n Ugafa (Europe du Nord), teqreb gher Rusya yernu tella d yiwet si tegdudyin tiqburin n Tdukli Tasuvyatit (Union soviétique), am Litwanya akk d Kirgizistan i ghef ay d-newwi awal yagi. Is'tunya d yiwet si tmura tibaltiyin, meh'sub d tamurt ay d-yuzgan ghef yilel Abalti (mer baltique), yernu am nettat, am Litwanya akk d Litt'unya, tekcem-itent Tdukli Tasivyatit di 1940, u terra-tent tamara d ah'ric si tmurt-agi tameqqrant, alammi d 1991, asmi ay tewwi Ist'unya azarug-is (indépendance). Di tallit-nni n lbat'el ghezzifen ay tesâedda Ist'unya, tughal tist'unit, tutlayt n yimawlan n tmurt, d tutlayt ur nesâi azal sdat n tutlayt tarusit ay d-th'ettem fell-asen Musku. Yugh lh'al, Irusiyen, xas ulamma "ttqadaren" igduden yellan ttidiren di Tdukli Tasuvyatit, llan ttwalin iman-nsen d nitni ay ten-yifen merr'a, d idles-nsen ay yernan win n tdersiyin nnid'en (minorités) yernu d tutlayt-nsen ay ilaqen ad tt-lemden akk yegduden isuvyatiyen nnid'en. S wanect-a, Irusiyen yettidiren di Ist'unya werdjin walan iman-nsen terra-ten tmara ad lemden tutlayt tist'unit, wanag ttwalin d akken d imawlan n tmurt ay d-tewwi ad lemden tutlayt-nsen. Yughal bab n yiger d akli. D acu kan, ddunit ttetti, tettemtetti, idewwer'-d zzman i deg d as-d-yughal uzarug-is i Ist'unya, yernu yughal-as-d wemkan-is i tutlayt tist'unit. Ass-a, mi akka ay d-teffegh Ist'unya seg ujeghlal-nni i deg tella zik-nni, tezzi udem-is gher Tur'uft tutrimt (tagherbit) akken ad tesnerni tadamsa-yines, dgha anect-a yeddja-tt ad tesnerni ula d tutlayt-is, tutlayt tist'unit i yes tteddu tmurt, akken ad tqabel Ist'unya tallit n wass-a. D anect-a ay ibeddlen zzman ghef Yirusiyen yettidiren di Ist'unya. Assemgher ay ssemgharen iman-nsen ghef tist'unit tura yexsi, tarusit-nni-nsen ay llan ttwalin-tt tif tist'unit tughal ur teswi ara di tegduda-yagi tamaynut, dgha tewwi-d fell-asen ass-a, ma bghan ad ttekkin ula d nitni di tmurt-a, ur ten-yettara ara zzman di rrif, tewwi-d fell-asen ad lemden tist'unit, d tin kan ara d asen-yessifessen tudert di tmurt-a n yimawlan-is. D acu kan, akken digh ad tettwaqbel Ist'unya di terbaât-agi n tmura n Tur'uft wukud tebgha ad tettekki, tewwi-d fell-as ula d nettat ad tqader izerfan n wemdan d yizerfan n tutlayin ay ttmeslayen di tmurt-is, dgha amagrad-agi ad agh-yeddj ad nz'er amek ay tqeddec Ist'unya akken ad as-d-terr azal-is i tutlayt taghelnawt n tmurt, d wamek ara tqeddec digh akken ad teâdel ger n tutlayin nnid'en merr'a ay ttmeslayen di tmurt-a. Afud igerrzen]\nGer n yiseggasen n 1940 d 1991, d Tadukli Tasuvyatit ay yett'fen Ist'unya, ala kan ger n yiseggasen 1941 d 1944, asmi ay d-kecmen Yinaziyen n Lalman gher tmurt-a. D acu kan, asmi ay tebda thezzel (affaiblir) Tdukli Tasuvyatit, yebda leh'kem yettbeddil afus di tmura ay teh'kem tneggarut-agi, yernu tisertiyin tisuvyatiyin n peristroika* akk d glasnost* snernant ifadden i yegduden isuvyatiyen akken ad ssutren ugar n tlelli. Dgha yessawed' wanect-a gher ghellu n Tdukli Tasuvyatit di 1991 yernu yughal-as-d uzarug-is (indépedance) i Ist'unya i deg ay beddlent tzemmar ih'ekmen tamurt.\n[*Perestroika : D tasertit ay d-yessebded uselway asuvyati, Mixail Gorbatcev, akken ad yeg tisemmeskal (réformes) i udabu asuvyati, i tdamsa n tmurt akken ad nnernint, yernu digh i lmend n ubeddel n wamek ttxemmimen Yisuvyatiyen akken ad zemren ad snernin tamurt-nsen.\n*Glasnost : d tasertit n tallit n perestroika ay d-yessebded digh Gorbatcev akken ad yerr yis-s kra n wayen xeddmen yemd'ebbren isuvyatiyen d afrawan (transparent), yezmer ad t-iz'er wegdud.].\nYugh lh'al, abeddel ameqqran am wa [ay d-yeghlin deg yiwet kan n teswiât], yella yewâer' ghef Ist'unya ad tagh yid-s tanumi. Dgha abeddel-agi yemxallaf wamek ay ih'uza imezdaghen n Ist'unya akken mxallafent tmiwa (tamaneght n tmurt Talinn akk d Ugafa agmud'an -nord-est n tmurt) d wakken mxallafen digh yinurar n leqdic di tmurt (ghef umedya : tibankiwin -banques- ma nquren-itent gher leqdic deg yemghizen -mines), yernu yemxallaf digh wamek ay ih'uza ubeddel-agi igduden yemxallafen yettidiren di Ist'unta, am Yist'uniyen akk d Yirusiyen. Di âecr'a n yiseggasen-agi ineggura, tisnaddanin (statistiques) n yimezdaghen n Ist'unya beddlent at'as u yennerna citt' wanect ay yellan n Yist'uniyen di tmurt-nsen [ugar n wanect ay nnernan yegduden nnid'en yettidiren di Ist'unya]. D acu kan, addun (recensement) n useggas n 2000 yesskan-d d akken igduden merr'a n Ist'unya neqsen ghef wakken llan zik-nni. Dgha mbeâd tella Ist'unya tesâa 1.565.000 n yimezdaghen, tughal deg useggas n 2000 tesâa kan 1.361.000 n yimezdaghen, yernu wid ur nelli ara d Ist'uniyen di tmurt-a neqsen-d gher 459.000 n yemdanen (32,1 % seg yimezdaghen n tmurt). Ma d Irusiyen n Ist'unya neqsen s 25 %. Tugh, ayen akk yessawd'en s anect-a, netta d addukel n ssebbat yemxallafen, gar-asent tuffgha n wat'as n yimezdaghen gher lberr'ani, anqas ay neqsen wid ay d-yettlalen akk d unnerni d wanqas n yegduden yemxallafen yettidiren di tmurt-a.\nD acu kan, ayen igan amgerrad-agi (lxilaf) ger yegduden yettidiren di tmurt-a d tutlayt tayemmat, maci d ayen nnid'en, imi tutlayt d nettat ay yettaken azal i wemdan di Ist'inya n wass-a. Dgha d tutlayt ay d-yellan d abrid i seg ay d-tewwi ghef wemdan ad iâeddi akken ad yawed' gher rrbeh' u ad yesâu azal di tmetti, yernu d tin ay yettaldin tiwwura i wemdan akken ad yili d win ara yafen iman-is ama seg yidis n uxeddim, ama seg yidis n tedrimt. Di tallit tasuvyatit, yeqdec udabu akken ad yerr tarusit d nettat kan ay d tutlayt i yes tlehh'u tmurt, dgha ass-a, mi akka ay tewwi Ist'unya azarug-is, anect-a yexleq-d uguren i wid yessnen kan tutlayt tarusit. Nnig waya, yed'fer digh udabu arusi yiwet n tsertit n usselmed ay yesseqdec kan di Ist'unya, d tin n usseqdec n trusit akk d tist'unit d tutlayin n usselmed, d acu kan, yal yiwet deg-sen qqaren-tt kan deg yigherbazen-is, dgha d anect-nni digh ay yessawd'en ad d-yexleq snat n trebbaâ yeghran, d acu kan, ur zmirent ara ad msefhament wagar-asent imi ur ttmeslayent yiwet n tutlayt, ur sâint yiwen n yedles. Dgha d anect-nni ay yessawd'en ad tughal tmetti tist'unit akken tella ass-a am wakken ay d-llant digh wat'as n ssebbat nnid'en ay yesmeghren amgerrad ger n snat-agi n trebbaâ :\nTimiwa i deg tettidir yal tarbaât : Wid yettmeslayen tarusit, tudet deg-sen d arraw n wid ay d-yunagen gher Ist'unya si tmiwa nnid'en n Tdukli Tasuvyatit yernu amur meqqren deg-sen di temdinin ay ttidiren negh di tmiwa n Ugafa agmud'an (nord-est) n Ist'unya. At'as seg-sen ay yettidiren di Tallinn [tamaneght n tmurt] akk d tmiwa ay d-yezzin fell-as (Harjumaa), u llant tirebbaâ nnid'en timect'ah' seg wid yettmeslayen tarusit, ttidiren di tmiwa nnid'en, d acu kan, 90% seg-sen di temdinin ay zedghen yernu anect-a yennerna seg wasmi ay ffghen yiserdasen Isuvyatiyen (sakin Irusiyen) si Ist'unya.\nInurar n leqdic i deg txeddem yal tarbaât : di tallit n perestroika, Irusiyen n Ist'unya llan qeddcen di tkebbaniyin yettaghen, znuzuyent, llan ssekcamen-d u ssuffughen sselâa si Ist'unya, am wakken ay llan qeddcen di tkebbaniyin tisuvyatiyin tiqburin ay yughalen ur a d-ssekcament ara at'as imir-n. Nnig waya, llan Yirusiyen-agi digh mazal-iten tteklen ghef leânaya n unabad' (gouvernement) n Musku, xas ulamma aneggaru-ya ur d-iqqim wara wayen ay yella yezmer ad asen-t-yeg akken ad ten-iâiwen asmi tebda tettbeddil tegnit yernu tella tteddu Tdukli Tasuvyatit akken ad teghli. Anect-a yessehzel (affaiblir) mlih' tanezzawt-nsen (commerce) akk d Rusya, yernu ayen akken d-xeddmen teghli yis-s ula di Ist'unya, ur yezmir ad yenz am zik di tmurt-a i gher d-tekcem tdamsa tamaynut, d anect-nni ay tessawd'en Irusiyen n Ist'unya ad ughalen di rrif seg yidis n tdamsa u ad ttwaâezlen di tmurt-a. Nnig waya, yiwet si ssebbat meqqren ay yessawd'en digh Irusiyen ad ghlin di Ist'unya nettat d lqella n tmusni n tutlayt tist'unit ghur-sen, dgha d anect-nni ay sen-ireglen abrid akken ad znuzuyen u ad ttaghen akk d Yist'uniyen, am wakken digh lqella n tmusni-nsen di tutlayin tiberr'aniyin tkemmel-asen, imi anect-a yerra-ten ur zmiren ad sseftin (investir) idrimen di lberr'ani, ur tezmir ad ten-id-ts'ah' tallalt taberr'anit. Dgha yughal win yebghan ad t-id-is'ah' leqdic, tewwi-d fell-as ad yissin mlih' tutlayin nnid'en menghir tarusit.\nTasertit n tutlayin :\nTasertit n tutlayin ay d-tewwi Ist'unya di âecr'a n yiseggasen-agi ineggura nezmer ad tt-nebd'u ghef tlata n talliyin, ghef leh'sab n wemxallef ay mxallafen yeswiyen (buts) imeqqranen n Ist'unya di yal tallit. Tallit tamenzut tebda-d di tgara n yiseggasen n 1980 akk d tezwara n yiseggasen n 1990, asmi ay d-xelqent tsertiyin n glasnost akk d perestroika tagnit i deg ara d as-d-yughal uzarug-is i Ist'unya di 1991. Tallit tis snat tebda-d asmi ay yefren wegdud ist'uni tamend'awt (constition) tamaynut n tmurt-is di 1992, dgha ayen ay d-yeddan di tmend'awt-a (lebni n tmurt, ah'raz n yizerfan n wemdan, atg.) d ayen ay d-icerd'en ghef Ist'unya ad d-tessebded tasertit n tutlayin d tamaynut yernu telha. Yugh lh'al, simmal yettadjhad uzarug (souverainenté) n Ist'unya, simmal tqeddec deg yinurar n tugdut, n tdamsa, n tedrimt akk d laman akken ad tekcem gher terbaât n tmura tutrimin (tigherbiyin) u ad taf iman-is gar-asent. Di tgara n yiseggasen n 1990, d anect-a dgha ay yughalen d iswi ameqqran n Ist'unya ay yeddjan timsal nnid'en n tmetti ur nesâi ara azal meqqren, yernu abeddel-agi meqqren di tghawsiwin n tmurt d ayen ara d agh-yeddjen ad d-nini d akken yeldi-yas tawwurt i yiwet n tallit d tamaynut di tsertit n tutlayin n Ist'unya, d tin ay d tallit tis tlata.\nTinwit (amendement) n tmend'awt ay yerran tutlayt tist'unit d tutlayt taghelnawt di Ist'unya d tin ay d-sbedden deg wass n 6 Dujember' 1988, di tallit i deg mazal Ist'unya d tigdida di Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Ma deg wass n 18 Yennayer 1989, tlata n yiseggasen uqbel ma tewwi azarug-is, yessebded-d usuvyat ameqqran n Ist'unya yiwen n usad'uf (lqanun) amaynut ghef tutlayin, d asad'uf ay d-yellan kan si leâd'il, akken ad tesâeddi yis-s Ist'unya tallit n ubeddel. Xas ulamma di tallit-nni n unnefsusi wid yebghan ad tawi tmurt-nsen azarug fur'sen tagnit rran tist'unit d nettat ay d tutlayt tamens'abt tawh'idt di Ist'unya, iswi n wanect-a di tidet netta d asnerni n wazal n tutlayt tist'unit akken ad tughal am nettat am trusit di tegduda-yagi yellan tettidir ussan-is ineggura di Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Dgha yecred'-d usad'uf-nni amaynut d akken kra n yiqeddacen iqeddcen di kra n yinurar tewwi-d fell-asen ad issinen mlih' ama d tist'unit, ama d tarusit, u ma yessen yiwen 800 kan n wawalen, anect-a yezmer ad t-iqam akken ad tt-isellek. Yugh lh'al, mi iga unabad' ist'uni aya, yella yessaram ad yefru ugur-nni i deg tarbaât yeghran s tist'unit ur tezmir ara ad temsefham d tin yeghran s trusit yernu akken ad yessiwed' leqdic-agi s iswi-yines, yefka unabad' (gouvernement) ist'uni r'ebâa n yiseggasen i yiman-is i deg yessefra ad yesselh'u tamurt am wakka, s snat n tutlayin alamma d 1 Fur'ar 1993, d acu kan, ikemmel iqeddec unabad' s usad'uf-agi alammi d 1995, asmi ay yefren asad'uf amaynut n tutlayin.\nImi di tallit-agi tamenzut, ayen iceghben Ist'uniyen netta d az'ayer (staut) n tist'unit di tmurt-is sdat n tutlayt tarusit ay idjehden, timsal yeqqnen s asnerni n tutlayt tist'unit akk d usselmed-ines llan twalin-tent imir-n ur sâint azal meqqren. Asadu'f n 1989 yessedjhed-as amkan-is i tist'unit ay yettusemman d tutlayt tamens'abt n ddewla, nnig waya, rnan Yist'uniyen gan-d isud'af imect'ah' nnid'en s idis n usad'uf-a ameqqran akken ad rnun ad h'erzen amkan n tutlayt-nsen u ad tt-rren d nettat ay d tutlayt yernan akk tutlayin nnid'en n Ist'unya, ladgha tarusit. Asad'uf n 1989 yeddja digh ad d-nnulfun ttawilat n teghwalt (communications) yesseqdacen tist'unit, akken ad yeddj Ist'uniyen ad ttemselghun\n(communiquer) s tutlayt-nsen.\nD acu kan, asad'uf-agi yefka-yas izerfan-is digh i yal aterras (individu) di tmurt, ladgha i wid ur nettmeslay ara tist'unit, dgha ughalen wigi ttalasen ur sseqdacen ara tist'unit akk d ddewla yernu zemren ad d-xedmen lekwaghed'-nsen s trusit. Amagrad wis 3 n usad'uf-agi yeqqar-d d akken (t)aterras(t) ur nettmeslay ara tist'unit yettalas/tettalas ad yesselh'u/tesselh'u lumur'-is s trusit di tsuda (institutions) n ddewla akk d unabad', akk d tsuda, tikebbaniyin d tuddsiwin (organisations) n Tegduda Tanemlayt Tasuvyatit n Ist'unya. Asad'uf-agi yeddja digh ula d asselmed s tutlayt tarusit ad ikemmel, dgha nezmer ad d-nini d akken asad'uf-a yeh'rez tarusit u yefka-yas tamkant i yiman-is di tmurt n Ist'unya, d acu kan, yesselha digh s wat'as amkan n tutlayt tist'unit.\nYella-d digh di tallit-nni usad'uf i lmend n weh'raz n tdersiyin (minorités) nnid'en, dgha d anect-nni ara tent-yeddjen ad sâunt igherbazen s tutlayinnsent. Asadu'f-agi yeddja digh ad d-ilin wahilen (programmes) n rr'adyu d tilibizyu s tutlayin n tdersiyin timect'ah' n Ist'unya u ad d-ilint ula d tisuda akk d trebbaâ tidelsanin ara iqedcen i lmend n weh'raz n yedles n yegduden-agi. Asadu'f-agi d win ay d-yewwin abaghur (lfayda) meqqren i yegduden nnid'en imect'ah' nnid'en n Ist'unya, menghir Irusiyen, imi igduden-a werdjin sâin izerfan idelsanen di tallit tasuvyatit. Asad'uf-agi ihi yeddja tidersiyin timect'ah' (ad âiwdent) ad ldint igherbazen akk d tdusa-nsent, yernu i tikkelt tamenzut deg umezruy, yesteâr'ef unabad' ist'uni s tdersiyin timect'ah' nnid'en akken ay yesteâr'ef s Yirusiyen, dgha yeâdel ger n yegduden merr'a yettidiren di tmurt-is yernu yefka-yasen llsas ibedden ghef usad'uf (lqanun) akken ad snernin iman-nsen (ghef umedya ughalen merr'a ttalasen ad sseghren igerdan-nsen s tutlayin-nsen).\nUghalen ihi Yirusiyen ttalasen kan ad sqedcen tutlayt-nsen deg wayen h'wadjen, am nitni am yegduden nnid'en di Ist'unya, yernu anect-a yekkes seg wallaghen n medden tikta-nni n tesnakta (idéologie) ay yettwalin d akken d tarusit ay ilaqen ad tili d tutlayt i yes ara ttemsefhamen yegduden wagar-asen negh digh, takti-nni ay yettwalin d akken tidersiyin nnid'en tewwi-d ad ttmeslayent ddjent akk tutlayin-nsent akken ad ttmeslayent tarusit, d tikta i yes yella iqeddec zik unabad' asuvyati. D acu kan, xas tenqes tezmert n trusit di Ist'unya, mazal sâan Yirusiyen di tmurt-a izerfan i yes ifen tidersiyin nnid'en di tmurt-a.\nYugh lh'al, lemmer ad nughal gher tidet, asad'uf n tutlayin n 1989 ur d-igli ara s ubeddel ameqqran di tegnit i deg llant tutlayin uqbel n yimir-n, wanag yeddja tagnit akken tella u yed'men-asen kan i yegduden n tmurt ad lemmden tutlayin-nsen deg ugherbaz, am wakken ara tesâu tist'unit az'ayer âlayen gher Yist'uniyen u ad tesâu trusit az'ayer âlayen gher Yirusiyen. Asadu'f n tutlayin n 1989 yefka-yas i tist'unit az'ayer n tutlayt taghelnawt, d tutlayt n ddewla akk d tedbelt (administration) yernu d tin i yes ara yettmeslay weh'ric meqqren di tmetti, xas ulamma nettat deg wennar, yerra-tt umezruy d tutlayt tameddarsut (minoritaires) di tmurt-is, imi di tilawt (en réalité). Dgha xas tughal tist'unit d tutlayt taghelnawt, maci d nettat ay d tutlayt ay izerâen mlih' di tmurt, maci d nettat ay fehhmen akk medden : di lweqt i deg amur meqqren seg yimezdaghen n Ist'unya zemren ad tt-sellken s trusit, ala kan amur amect'uh' seg yimezdaghen n Ist'unya ur nelli ara d Ist'uniyen ay yessnen tist'unit akken ilaq.\nDgha assebded n usad'uf-agi yeldi-d tiwwura akken ad beddlent tzemmar n tmurt ifassen, u ad d-yeglu wanect-a s tlalit n tedghert (élite) tamaynut di Ist'unya. Nnig waya, imi ulac at'as n tghawsiwin ay ibeddlen ghef wid yettmeslayen tarusit di tmurt-a (imi tamusni n tist'unit tettwacred'-d kan seg weh'ric amect'uh' seg-sen), tkemmel lqella n wemsefham ger n Yist'uniyen akk d Yirusiyen, yernu anect-a yegla-d s wuguren nnid'en ay yeldin tiwwura i tmura tiberr'aniyin akken ad d-grent iman-nsent di tghawsiwin n tidaxliyin n Ist'unya. Imi ahilen (programmes) n unabad' n yimir-n ssulin kan leh'sabat-nsen gher lqerb di lweqt i deg ddjan timsal i ghef ilaq ad ssalin leh'sabat gher lbeâd, am usselmed akk d unekcum n tmurt di trebbaâ tigraghlanin, th'ulfa Ist'unya d akken tewwi-d fell-as, di tegnit-agi n wuguren ay d-ilulen, ad teg ah'urif nnid'en yifen amenzu-nni akken ad tesselhu tagnit n tutlayin di Ist'unya.\nAkken ad tessiwed' Ist'unya s iswiyen-yines deg wayen yerzan asad'uf-nni n tutlayin, tessebded-d ach'al n tsuda di tedbelt (administration). Akken ad d-yelhu unabad' d usselmed n tist'unit i Yirusiyen imeqqranen yettidiren di Ist'unya, yessebded-d, s yiwen n usad'uf deg wass n 13 Meghres 1989, yiwen n useqqamu d uslig (spécial) umi isemma Ammas n Tutlayt Tist'unit. Ma deg wass n 31 Meghres 1989, terna tessebded-d Ist'unya Aseqqamu n Weh'raz n Tutlayt. Asmi ay d-yelfa d akken aseqqamu-ya ur d-yewwi ara abaghur (lfayda) deg wayen yerzan asnas (application) n usad'uf-nni n tutlayin, yessebded-d unabad' deg wass n 23 Nwember' 1990, Aseqqamu n Tutlayt Taghelnawt, i lmend n waya. Yughal Useqqamu-yagi d udus (organisme) ameqqran akk di tmurt ay d-yelhan d tghawsiwin n tutlayt di Ist'unya, dgha yelha-d s umata d temsal n usseqdec n tutlayt tist'unit di Ist'unya akk d usselmed-ines s yisem-is d tutlayt tayemmat negh d tutlayt tis snat i yimezdaghen n Ist'unya, am wakken digh ay yettâawan Useqqamu n Tutlayt Taghelnawt tutlayin timeddursa nnid'en u yelha-d d wasnas n yisud'af ay tent-yerzan. Iswiyen imeqqranen n Useqqamu-yagi nitni d assebded n tsertiyin n tutlayt akk d yighawasen (plans) i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayt, u yekcem deg waya wed'far n wesnas n Usad'uf n Tutlayin, asselhu n tarrayin (méthodes) n usselmed, ad'far leqdicat yeqqnen gher tmawalt (léxique) d yismawen usligen (noms propres) akk d yed'far n leqdicat yeqqnen gher tesnilsit tamettit (sociolinguiste). D acu kan, di 1997, yughal Useqqamu-yagi d udus kan yettqaraâen ma yella iteddu mlih' leqdic ghef tutlayt negh ala.\nDi Yulyu n 1993, yessebded-d uselway n Ist'unya Lennart Meri ayen umi isemma Tadabut Timdewwer't n Uselway (Table Ronde Présidentielle), d agraw ameghlal (permanent) i deg ay d-ttemlilin yigensasen (représentants) n tdersiyin n tmurt d wid ur nesâi ara taghlent (nationalité) tist'unit akk d yimaslad'en n wemni (membres du parlement) n Ist'unya i lmend n wembaddel n ler'yuy akk d ussenqes n teâdawt ger n trebbaâ tisertiyin yemxallafen n yegduden yettidiren di tmurt-a.\nTighawsiwin yelhan akk d tid n d iri i yes d-yegla usad'uf n tutlayin amezwaru d tid ay yughalen ttwad'farent s lqerb. Asmi ay walan Yist'uniyen d akken tallit n uâeddi si tegnit gher tayed' deg wayen yerzan tutlayin tfuk, yernu assebded n tmend'awt tist'unit tamaynut di 1992 yecred'-d ad tbeddel tegnit n tutlayin di Ist'unya, âezmen ihi Yist'uniyen ad d-sbedden asad'uf n tutlayin amaynut ara d-yemyezgen d tallit-agi ay d-ikecmen. I lmend n waya, âawden ssulin Yist'uniyen leh'sabat-nsen deg wayen yerzan amek ara ssemyezwaren iswiyen-nsen deg wayen yerzan tasertit-nsen n tutlayin, dgha imi iswi n Ist'unya n yimir-n netta d lebni n tmurt i uzekka, fernen yemd'ebbren ad as-fken i tmurt yiwet kan n tutlayt ara icerken akk imezdaghen-is, d tin i yes ara tebnu tmurt, dgha rran tist'unit d tutlayt tamenzut i wid yettmeslayen tist'unit yernu d tutlauyt tis snat i wid ur tt-nettmeslay ara. Imi ay tughal tist'unit d tutlayt n ddewla akk d tin n Yist'uniyen ay d-yekkren yis-s, tewwi-d ad sqeâden tutlayt-a, ad as-gen ilugan yernu ad tt-rren d tutlayt tizeght (standard) akken ad tezmer ad tughal d tutlayt i yes ara tlehh'u ddewla. Nnig waya, tewwi-d digh ghef ddewla ad tqabel yiwet n tegnit is'eâben i deg ay tebgha ad tesnerni tutlayt tist'unit akken ad tt-terr d tutlayt ara fehhmen akk yimezdaghen n tmurt, ula d wid ur tt-nettmeslay ara (ladgha Irusiyen), dgha tewwi-d ad txemmem Ist'unya ghef wamek ara d asen-tesselmed tutlayt tist'unit i yineggura-ya, ladgha imi ay izemren ad h'ulfun d akken almad n tutlayt tist'unit s yisem-is d tutlayt-nsen tis snat, d taâkemt kan ara d asen-d-yernu.\nAnnar wis sin yesâan azal meqqren i ghef d-tewwi ad xemmem i usebded n usad'uf amaynut n tutlayin netta d win n yeqqnen gher tsertit n usselmed n tutlayin tiberr'aniyin, ladgha deg wayen yerzan almad-nsent akk d usseqdec-nsent di kra n yinurar n leqdic (takkast -douane-, iqeddicen yeqqnen gher tmerrayt -tourisme-, atg.). Dgha ma mazal Ist'unya ur tez'wir ara deg yinurar-agi, ur tettazmar ara ad tekcem u ad taf iman-is di trebbaâ tigraghlanin n laman (am Temsisa Tat'lasit -OTAN) negh tirebbaâ tudmisin (économiques) am Tdukli Tur'ufit (Union Européenne), dgha ilaq ghef tmurt-a ad tez'wer akken ad d-tessewjed iman-is akken ilaq deg yinurar n tmerrayt akk d tnezzawt (commerce) tagraghlant.\nMa d annar wis tlata, d win yeqqnen s assebded n weh'kim (contrôle, régulation) deg wayen yerzan assaghen (ralations) n tezmert yellan ger n tutlayin timeddursa akk d usselmed-nsent. Dgha llan sin n leqdicat ay ilaqen ad ttwaxedmen deg wennar-agi : tukksa n unagraw (système) ay d-yettwawer'ten si tallit tasuvyatit, win i deg ala kan d tarusit ay yettusexdamen i lmend n usselh'u n tmurt yernu igduden nnid'en tewwi-d fell-asen ad ddjen akk tutlayin-nsen akken ad ddmen tarusit, ladgha imi anagraw-agi yughal ass-a d ssebba i unulfu n yemgerraden (conflits) ger n trebbaâ [ghef umedya, wid yessnen ala kan tarusit, atni ass-a ttwaâezlen, yernu beâden ghef wakk inurar imaynuten n leqdic di Ist'unya], am wakken ay ilaq ad d-yexleq unabad' tagnit i deg tidersiyin timect'ah' nnid'en, meh'sub wid ur nelli d Is'tuniyen wala d Irusiyen, ad zemrent ula d nitenti ad h'erzent tutlayin akk d yidelsan-nsent. Dgha deg wayen yerzan anect-a, ach'al d abrid ay tâawen ddewla tirebbaâ-agi s yedrimen akken ad gen at'as n yiqeddicen idelsanen negh ghef tutlayin-nsen. D acu kan, tamsalt-nni tamenzut ay d-nebder, tin yerzan Irusiyen akk d leqdic n unabad' akken ad asen-yessigh tanumi d tegnit-agi tamaynut d ayen yeh'wadjen tazmert tasertit tameqqrant akk d tallalt (lemâawna) taberr'anit.\nIhi ghef llsas n yeswiyen-agi akk ay d-yessebded unabad' ist'uni tasertit-is tamaynut n tutlayin i deg llan wugar n 70 n yisud'af, ama d wid ay d-yeddan di tmend'awt negh d isud'af akk d warraten (actes) nnid'en imect'ah' ay d-id'efren sakin. Yugh lh'al, llsas ameqqran n yisud'af n Ist'unya netta d tamend'awt (constitution) yernu taneggarut-agi tettwafren deg wass n 28 Yunyu 1992 u tebda tqeddec tmurt yis-s deg wass n 3 Yulyu 1992. Tamend'awt-a tesdukel ama d ansay (tradition) n yisud'af ist'uniyen n wasmi ay tewwi Ist'unya azarug-is (indépendance) amenzu [ger n 1920 d 1940], ama d isud'af ay d-tewwi ad ten-id-ternu tmurt ghef idra n ubeddel n tegnit tagraghlant. Tamend'awt-agi teqqar-d d akken Ist'unya d Awanek-aghlan (Etat-nation) yernu d Awanek (ddewla) yedduklen seg yidis n tsertit (Amagrad 2), akka i wakken ur ttazmaren ara yegduden n tmurt-agi ad d-gen timiwa tifulmanin (autonomes) i yiman-nsen.\nDgha ayen tessefra ad t-teg Ist'unya i lmend n lebni n tmurt s tsertit-agi-yines tamaynut n tutlayin, meh'sub assebded n tutlayt ara icerken akk imezdaghen n tmurt akk d wethelli di tutlayin timeddursa nnid'en d ayen digh ay d-tebder ula d tamend'awt n tmurt, yernu nezmer ad ten-id-nessegzel am wakka :\n-Tutlayt ara yeduklen imezdaghen n Ist'unya deg wakal akk n tmurt nettat d tutlayt tist'unit.\n-Tidersiyin ttalasent ad issinent snat n tutlayin, tist'unit -tutlayt taghelnawt- akk d tutlayin-nsent timeddursa.\nYugh lh'al, nezmer ad d-nini d akken isud'af yerzan tutlayt zgan ttbeddilen di Ist'unya yernu d tighawsiwin tisertiyin n daxel n tmurt akk d lh'er's ara d-sseh'r'asent tmura tiberr'aniyin ay yeddjan abeddel-agi ad d-yili. Dgha, xas ma yella tamend'awt di 1992 ay tt-id-sbedden, maca asad'uf amaynut n tutlayin ur t-id-sbedden ara alammi d 1995. Tugh, isud'af n tutlayt akk d tiqqermi (citoyenneté) n 1995 ldint tiwwura i werkad n tmetti akk d lebni n tmurt idjehden, yernu isud'af-agi ur smenyafen ula d yiwen n wegdud ghef wayed' di Ist'unya wanag ttusqedcen kan d allal i lmend n wesdukel n yimezdaghen merr'a n tmurt. Qrib yal amdan yettidiren s wudem n usad'uf (légalement) di Ist'unya yettalas ad yessuter u ad t-id-ts'ah' teghlent (nationalité) tist'unit, akken yebghu yili las'el-is yernu anect-a akk yesskan-d d akken abeddel n tmetti tist'unit d win ara tt-yettawin deg webrid n tugdut, n tullya akk d uqader n yizefan n wemdan.\nD acu kan, tutlayt tist'unit n wass-a yeddja-tt zzman gher deffir deg wayen yerzan taknussna (technologie). Timacinin n tsuqilt (machines de traduction) akk d wahilen n weâqal n wawal melmi kan ay d-yebda unadi fell-asen akken ad ten-id-xedmen, iseghz'anen (logiciels) s tist'unit mazal-iten qlilit yernu ayen ay d-yeffghen yagi deg wennar-a qlil kan anda ay yettuseqdac yernu ilaq ad d-nini d akken d anabad' ur d anabad' ay yessawd'en gher tegnit-agi umi ay werdjin yefka azal i temsalt-a. D acu kan, Aseqqamu n Tutlayt Tist'unit yessebded-d asenfar (projet) i lmend n wesnerni n tutlayt tist'unit deg useggas n 2001, u yekcem leqdic-agi di leqdicat n Useggas Ur'ufi n Tutlayin, dgha atan yekkat Useqqamu ass-a akken ad d-yessaki medden akk d trebbaâ ay terza temsalt ghef td'ullit (nécéssité) n tifin n tifrat i lexs'as' n ttawil atrar (moderne) s tutlayt tist'unit akk d wayen ilaqen ad yettwaxdem i lmend n wesnerni n tist'unit deg wennar-agi.\nTasuqilt sghur Omar MOUFFOK d Abbas IFERHATEN\nI tmerniwt n yisallen, rzut s isebtar-agi :\nDeg-s ara tafem isallen ghef Weswir (congrès) agraghlan ghef tutlayin timeddursa, seg-s ay d-yettwakkes wed'ris-agi.\nUtt'un wis 3 n Tebrat n Yimedyazen, ad tafem deg-s isallen ghef yiwet n tmurt nnid'en yellan s ddaw n leh'kem n Tdukli Tasuvyatit, Litwanya, akk d umezruy n tutlayt-is.\nUtt'un wis 8 n Tebrat n Yimedyazen, isallen ghef Kirgizistan, d tigduda n Asya Talemmast yellan di Tdukli Tasuvyatit akk d tegnit i deg tella tutlayt-is ass-a.\nAd tafem deg-s akk utt'unen n Tebrat n Yimedyazen ay d-yeffghen ar ass-a.\nD acu-tt tist'unit ?\nTist'unit d nettat ay d tutlayt tamens'abt n tegduda n Ist'unya yernu llan wazal 1.500.000 n yemdanen ay tt-yettmeslayen di tmurt-a (95% seg yimezdaghen n tmurt) d wazal n 60.000 n yemdanen nnid'en ay yettidiren di lgherba, gar-asen 20.000 deg Yiwunak Yedduklen (USA) d 14.500 di Kanada. Tist'unit tesâa digh wid ay tt-yettmeslayen di Litt'unya akk d Rusya, ladgha di temdint n Saint Petersburg, di Finland, di Sswid, di Tgeldit Yedduklen (Royaume-Uni) akk d Ustr'alya.\nTutlayt tist'unit d yiwet si tutlayin tur'aliyin. Tawacult n tutlayin tur'aliyin d tin yebd'an ghef wach'al n yifurka, yiwen deg-sent d win umi qqaren tutlayin tifinubaltiyin, yernu deg-s ay tella tist'unit. Yiwet si tutlayin ay tt-icuban at'as d tutlayt tafinlandit ay ttmeslayen di Finland, yernu tella digh yiwet n tutlayt, tamjar'it (hongrois) ay ttmeslayen di Tur'uft tagmud'ant (tacerqit), teqreb gher tist'unit imi ula d nettat tettekka di twacult n tutlayin tur'aliyin. Yugh lh'al, llan kra ay ighilen d akken imi ay tettuneh'sab Ist'unya d yiwet si tmura tibaltiyin (d tamurt ay d-yuzgan rrif n yilel -lebh'er'- Abalti), dgha ula d tutlayt-is tetbeâ gher twacult n tutlayin tibaltiyin, am tlitwanit akk d tlitt'unit (siked utt'un wis 3 n Tebrat n Yimedyazen), d acu kan, xas Ist'unya teqreb gher Litwanya akk d Litt'unya, tutlayt-is ur tcuba tid n tmura-yagi wanag teqreb ugar gher tfinlandit. Yugh lh'al, seg wakken tettemcabi tist'unit gher tfinlandit alammi ula d wid ay tent-yettmeslayen zemren ad msefhamen wagar-asen, yernu snat-agi n tutlayin cerkent azal n 83.5 % seg umawal-nsen. Tutlayin nnid'en yettemcabin at'as gher tist'unit d tid ay itebâen, am nettat, s afurk n tutlayin tifinubaltiyin am tkar'ilit (ay ttmeslayen wazal n 10.000 n yemdanen deg Ugafa utrim -nord-ouest- n Rusya), akk d kra n tutlayin ayen yellan ghef yiri n nnger am tingrit, talivunit akk d tvultit, yernu seg wakken yeshel wemsefham ger n tutlayin-agi alammi ay llan ula d kra n yimassanen ay tent-yettwalin d tintalyin n yiwet kan n tutlayt.\nTintalyin n tist'unit :\nTist'unit tebd'a ghef snat n tentalyin (dialecte) timeqqranin, tist'unit n Ugafa (nord, negh tin umi qqaren tist'unit n Talinn, tamaneght), akk d tist'unit n Wenz'ul (sud, negh digh tin umi qqaren tist'unit n Tartu), am wakken yal yiwet si tentalyin-agi tesâa tiduntalyin-is (sous-dialectes), nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sent tiduntalyin timulgiyin ay ttmeslayen deg wenz'ul utrim (sud-ouest) akk d tduntalyin n Voru Setu ay ttmeslayen deg wenz'ul agmud'an (sud-est). Ma d tist'unit n ugafa, nezmer digh ad tt-nebd'u d tiduntalyin u ad d-nebder seg-sent : taduntala n tegzirin, d tist'unit ay ttmeslayen di tegzirin n Saaremaa akk d Hiiumaa, ay d-yuzgan deg utaram n Ist'unya, deg yilel Abalti; taduntala n yiri n lebh'er' n ugafa-agmud'an ay icuban mlih' tafinlandit; takodaveret ay ttmeslayen di tmiwa n Kodavere akk d Maarja Magdaleena, akk d tduntala tutrimt (tagherbit) ay ttmeslayen deg yiwen n weh'ric meqqren di tmurt, yekka-d ghef tmiwa n Laanemaa, ghef ugafa n Parnumaa akk d utaram n Harjumaa. Xas ma yella anect-agi akk n tentalyin ay tesâa tist'unit, maca yezmer ad d-yili wemsefham s tentalyin-agi merr'a ger n wid ay yettmeslayen tist'unit.\nTutlayt tizeght (standard) akk d tsekla ay tesseqdac ass-a Ist'unya d tin ay d-yekkan si tentala n tist'unit n ugafa, d acu kan, tist'unit n wenz'ul tesâa digh ula d nettat tasekla tatlayt (littérature orale), d tamedyazt, ay yesâan ma cwit', 350 n yiseggasen seg wasmi ay d-tennulfa.\nTikkelt tamenzut i deg ay tekcem tist'unit s annar n tira, d imassanen almaniyen ay tt-yuran, dgha taghdirawt (orthographe) ay sqedcen wigi i lmend n tira-s d tin ay iqerben gher teghdirawt n talmanit u ghef wanect-a ay d-yeqqim wedriz (later') n tira talmaniyin di tid n tist'unit alammi d talemmast n lqern wis 19. Si 1850 d asawen ay bdan Yist'uniyen a snernayen taghdirawt-nsen akken ad tt-rren d tizeght (standard), dgha bdan tekksen s kra n wayen yellan d aberr'ani di tirawt-nsen (écriture) u ttaran-d deg wemkan-is isekkilen ara ten-yeddjen ad d-net'qen tutlayt-nsen akken tt-id-nett'qen di las'el, maci akken tt-id-inett'eq uberr'ani. Agemmay ay tesseqdac ass-a tist'unit yesâa 17 n tergalin (consonnes) akk d 9 n teghra (voyelles).\nTasghent-is* di tmetti* :\n** role dans la société\nAss-a, tughal tist'unit tizeght d nettat ay d tutlayt ay yettuseqdacen yernu ay yettwaqeblen deg yeswiren (niveaux) merr'a n tmetti. D acu kan, asmi ay tella Ist'unya s ddaw n udabu asuvyati, d tarusit ay yellan d tutlayt tamens'abt tawh'idt yernu âerd'en Yisuvyatiyen ad mh'un tist'unit akk d yedles ist'uni si tmurt-a, maca ayen âerd'en ad t-xedmen ur d-yewwi ara abaghur meqqren, imi ay kemmlen medden ttmeslayen tist'unit yernu lemmden-tt di tmiwa merr'a n tegduda, yernu igerdan ay d-ilulen si jjwadj n Yist'uniyen akk d Yirusiyen llan ula d nitni lemmden tist'unit. Di 1990, yessebded-d unabad' ist'uni Aseqqamu n Tutlayt Taghelnawt i lmend n weh'raz akk d ussebghes (encouragement) n usseqdec n tutlayt tist'unit. Ass-a, xas ma yella tarusit mazal tesâa azal-is di tmurt-a yernu nezmer ad d-nini tettusemma d "tutlayt tamens'abt" tis snat, tist'unit attan a tettuselmad yernu tettuseqdac deg yigherbazen yernu win yebghan ad yughal d agharim (citoyen) ist'uni tewwi-d fell-as ad yissin tutlayt-a. Deg ugafa agmud'an (nord-est) n tmurt, anda yettidir umur ameqqran akk deg Yirusiyen n Ist'unya, mazal llan yigherbazen irusiyen, d acu kan, maci d ahucal (obligatoire) ghef medden ad sseghren igerdan-nsen deg-sen.\nTist'unit ay ttmeslayen yiminigen Ist'uniyen di lgherba --d tist'unit ay llan ttmeslayen-tt yeghriben ir'uh'en gher Marikan di tallit n Wemgaru Amad'lan (guerre mondiale) wis sin-- temxallaf citt' ghef tist'unit tizeght yettuseqdacen ass-a di tmurt, maca mazal wid yettmeslayen tist'unit di lgherba zemren ad fehmen wid ay tt-yettmeslayen di tmurt. D acu kan, ilaq kan ad d-nger tamawt d akken kra seg wayen ay d-uran yeghriben s tist'unit yemxallaf ghef wayen d-ttarun ass-a wid yellan di tmurt, imi tutlayt ay llan ttarun-tt zik di lgherba amzun iâedda-tt zzman ass-a, mi akka ay snernan Yist'uniyen tutlayt-nsen di tmurt-nsen.\nAr ass-a werâad ur z'rin ara yimassanen melmi ay d-frurint tutlayin tifinubaltiyin (gar-asent tist'unit) seg tutlayt tajaddit ay tent-id-yefkan, d acu kan, ass-a sâan kra n yisallen ghef temlilti ay mlalent tutlayin-a akk d tutlayin nnid'en deg umezruy. Ifinubaltiyen bdan ttemlilin d yegduden ijirmaniyen (lejdud n Walmaniyen n wass-a) si lqern amenzu n Sidna Aisa, yernu anect-a yeddja at'as n wawalen ijirmaniyen ad d-kecmen tutlayt-nsen u ad d-qqimen ar ass-a di tist'unit. Sakin, di lqern wis sebâa n Sidna Aisa, bdan digh ttemlilin Yifinubaltiyen akk d Yeslaviyen (lejdud n Yirusiyen n wass-a) yernu seg yimir-n ay bdan keccmen-ten-id digh wawalen islaviyen. Alammi d 1520 ay d-uran Yist'uniyen id'risen-nsen imenza s tist'unit, d win umi semman "Ddeâwat n Kullamaa", yernu di tezwara n lqern wis sbeât'ac, bdant a d-teffghent tjerr'umin (grammaires) timezwura n tist'unit. Xas ma yella anz'ul n Ist'unya yesâa yiwet n tsekla n yisefra d tanesbaghurt (tamer'kantit) maci d kra, tasekla-ya ur tt-urin ara alammi d talemmast n lqern wis tseât'ac.\nDi tazwara n lqern wis tseât'ac akk d tlemmast-is ay tebda digh a d-tettlal tutlayt tist'unit tatrart (moderne) di tira, imi tallit-a tella-d d tin i deg thenna tmurt yernu tebda a d-tettlal tghelnaz'rit (nationalisme) deg wulawen n Yist'uniyen. Tiddukla Tist'unit n Wid Yeghran, ay d-sbedden di 1838, tessuffegh-d at'as n yedlisen akk d tsufighin (publications) nnid'en, gar-asen(t) Kalevipoeg, d yiwet n telkensit (collection) n yedlisen n yisefra igherfanen (populaires) ay d-yeffghen ger n 1857 d 1861. Di tallit-nni daghen ay d-ffghen yeghmisen imenza n tutlayt tist'unit, nezmer ad d-nebder gar-asen "Perno Postimees", ay d-yeffghen ger n yiseggasen n 1857 d 1863, akk d "Tartu Postimees" ay d-yeffghen si 1864 alammi d 1880.\nYugh lh'al di tallit-nni, d Rusya ay yellan teh'kem Ist'unya yernu ahat d leqdic-nni ay bdan xeddmen-t Yist'uniyen imir-n akken ad d-ssidren tutlayt-nsen ay yeddjan Irusiyen ad rren tarusit d tutlayt tamens'abt (officielle) n usselmed di Ist'unya. D acu kan, ur tâett'el ara tennulfa-d terbaât nnid'en n yimura ist'uniyen, di tezwara n lqern wis âecrin, d tin umi semman "Noor Eesti" negh tarbaât n "Ist'unya Tilemz'it", yernu kemmlen leqdic i lmend n wesnerni akk d ussedjhed n tutlayt-nsen taseklant (littéraire). Dgha ughalen yimura ist'uniyen tekksen s kra n wayen yellan d arusi negh d almani si tutlayt-nsen u ttnadin ad d-ssidren deg-s ayen yellan d-yekkan si tist'unit tanes'lit, am wakken ay rran tasekla tafinlandit akk d tin n Tur'uft n Wetram (lgherb) d tiliwa i seg ay d-ttagment tikta-nsen (idées). Imura-yagi yecban Johannes Aavik, snernan mlih' tamawalt (léxique) n tutlayt tist'unit, dgha skeflen-d awalen ist'uniyen ines'liyen ay d-mazal ddren di tentalyin (dialectes) yemxallafen n tmurt, red'len-d digh awalen si tfinlandit ay icuban mlih' tist'unit, am wakken ay d-snulfan iz'uran imaynuten i seg zemren ad d-ssuddmen awalen. Di 1920, asmi ay tewwi Ist'unya azarug-is (indépendance) amenzu, tegra-yas-d tegnit n liser i tutlayt tist'unit, d acu kan, di 1940, asmi ay d-kecmen Yisuvatiyen tamurt, qedcen yineggura-yagi ghef wamek ara mh'un tist'unit u ad d-h'ettmen deg wemkan-is tutlayt tarusit ay ttwalin imir-n d nettat kan ara yesduklen akk igduden isuvyatiyen. Teqqim tegnit-agi alammi d 1990, asmi ay tughal tist'unit i tikkelt nnid'en d tutlayt taghelnawt di tmurt-is. Ass-a, mbeâd âecr'a n yiseggasen n wussisen (efforts), tughal tist'unit d tutlayt ay tfehhem tuget deg yimezdaghen n Ist'unya, yernu yis-s ay tesselh'ay tmurt-agi tamect'uh't tighawsiwin-is.\nAheggi akk d tsuqilt sghur Hamid OUBAGHA\nTabrat n Yimedyazen : Utt'un 4 : Amezruy n tutlayt talitwanit\nAh'ric meqqren seg wed'ris-agi yettwakkes-d seg wemd'iq-a :\nRzut digh ghef usebter-agi i deg ara tafem at'as n yisallen inefâen ghef tist'unit.\nAsefru si tsekla tist'unit :\nWagi d yiwen n usefru si tsekla tist'unit, tura-t-id Lydia Koidula (1843-1886), d yiwet n tmedyazt n tmurt-a, yuzen-agh-t-id yiwen seg watmaten-nnegh yettidiren di Luxembourg :\nAt'as ay righ tamurt-iw\nFkigh-as ula d ul-iw\nI kemm ay cennugh\nIst'unya deg d-mghin yijeddjigen\nIdeddicen-im h'ulfegh-asen deg yiman-iw\nMi tgerrzed' gerrzegh, lferh'-inem d lfer'h'-iw\nA tamurt-iw ihhuskin, righ-kem\nXsigh ad gnegh yid-m\nAd i-yawi yid'es s iri-m\nIst'unia-yinu yeh'erz Yillew\nIjeddjigen-im meqqin-d deg-i\nTasuqilt sghur "Winna", si Luxembourg.\n<<< Qqel γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 13 Ddu γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 15 >>>


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url: =Tiɣerɣert i usiweḍ amagday n tegrawla - LIBRE ALGÉRIE\nHome›AWAL›Tiɣerɣert i usiweḍ amagday n tegrawla\nTiseqquma tiɣelnawin i temlellayt tamagdayt d tnaya taɣerfant\nTiɣerɣert i usiweḍ amagday n tegrawla.\nSeg furar 2019, amussu aɣermi aɛafi yezzemlil, war tuzya, war amcukki, agezzum akked d unagraw-a amesbaḍli d tisin n wanad aserti amagday ara iṛessun ɣef tnaya taɣerfant.\nXas ulama tizzeɣzeɣt , d twaṭfiwin di lbaṭel, aɛewwel ɣer beṭṭu, d usendeh d ugdal n unnar asertan,d imelyunen n yiɣarimen zergen yal lǧemɛa, tlata, d lḥed ijerriḍen n umtawa aɣerfan i tnaya taɣelnawt yessufuɣen, awanek aɣarim, awanek azerfan agdudan imetti, taɣdemt tamunant , tugdut n tilawt iṛessan ɣef tlelli, amsawi d beṭṭu n yiduba, taɣdemt tamettit n tidet, tufɣa n tredsa seg uḥerreb n udabu asertan, aḥebbus amiran n uḥwas n tbuɣar tiɣelnawin d uḥareb n tidet mgal asgufsu.\nAḥerǧem-a aɣerfan s waṭas i d-yellan seld tifranin uskeɛrer n tselwayt n 12 duǧember iɛeddan, ulsent-d agami n ugdud iwakken ad yefk aheggi n usenfar-is aɣelnaw amaynut i wudem-a aɣarim amaynut n unagraw amesbaṭli amakur. Teyyita-a s yiɣil teskan-d war-tamasit n yimḍebren, d uɛeffu n udabu. Tarewla d ugami n tefranin ukellex s ɣur iɣarimen di yal tidiganin n tmurt, tessertem tarmist n tuṭfa n unagraw aqbur, iɛellem tagara tamazrayt n yiwet n teryajt tasertant taɣezfant.\nSi temḥettemt n 12 duǧember, imerwas-a n lekdeb ur sawḍen ara ad fren tuɣalin d tririt n wudmawen iqburen, d tillalin d lexdami iɛeddan akked yidewwanen-nniḍen. Akezzez-a ɣef tsertit n yihebbusen di lbaṭtel d tuɣalin n umeks amenḍaw yettbeyyin-d taɣennant n wid yeṭṭfen adabu iwakken ad cudden anagraw i yeẓiẓer umezruy. Aya yennemgal akked uɛewwel aɣerfan yeqqimen d imezgi yebrek ɣef yisutren, dayen i d-yesnamken dakken tifrat tamagdayt atta berra i unagraw amesbaṭli.\nD tidet, afaris agrawliw aɛafi i d-igemmun ata ileḥḥu. Teddem-it tmedrit tameɣnast acek-itt, war ma tenkeṛ imennuɣen imagdayen iɛeddan, wala iɣallen isertayen imettiyen i mazal-iten d imelha d imezgiyen ɣef imennuɣen i d-wwin. Asenker-a amtawan yessudes s tiɣura neɣ s wudem n timanit xas ulama tuget n wuguren d wargalen. Afaris agrawliw dɣa aynani yesɛa asiɣzef di tunagt i yezgan d tamekdit ɣer wansayen-is deg umussu aselluli aɣelnaw.\nTuddsa timanit d tmesbaniyin timezgiyin n yiɣallen n tegrawla taɣerfant i d abrid ara yessiwḍen ar trennawt n tiɣɣerma. Arakal amunan n waṭṭas n lemcawrat ara yilin s wudem asru ammizwar ara d-yeslulfen imtawen isertayen d tallunin timsuddas ara yilin msawant akked tsutrin n tegrawla.\nTiseqquma i temlellayt tamagdayt d tnaya taɣerfant i d-gren yiɣallen n urkawal n temlellayt tamagdayt, ass n 25 yennayer 2020, ad yettwajerred deg tguri d tikli-a n usegrew d usdukkel n yifadden isertayen d tiɣɣermi ɣef ddemma n tegrawla tamagdayt tamettit.\n1/ Tiseqquma tiɣelnawin i temlellayt tamagdayt d tnaya taɣerfant\nArgal asudtan n yal talɣa i d-aɣ-d-yettwaḥettmen di tlata n teɛcertin-a tineggura, rnu-as asgufsu i d-yemɣen tagara-a, sḍeɛfent, rẓant tuddsiwin tisertayin, timettiyin, tidelsanin. Sdat n tfesna yecban tayi, tuddsa taɣɣermit d tsertant teḥreṣ-d taswiɛt i uḥader ɣef tegrawla d usufeɣ n yisutren iɣerfanen.\nBerra i yimjerden d yimeskaren n urkawal i temlellayt tamagdayt, tiseqquma tkemmilent deg ulaɛi ar uzeddi n yilemẓiyen, n lxalat, inmaliten ( sandikat), tidukliwin akked yizdayen iɣermanen yeddan d tegrawla.\nYessaram seg yiwet n tikli tasertant yellan assaɣ akked lǧehd aɣerfan yettwassudsen iwakken ad taweḍ tsutert n usaka amagday ara yilin d anemgal akked unagraw amesbaṭli seg ufaris ammegen anayan.\nTiseqquma i temlellayt tamagdayt d tnaya taɣerfant, d akemmel agmawi n urkawal i temlellayt tamagdayt d tseɣrut n umtawa n yiɣallen n urkawal yettuzemlen ass n 26 yunyu d 9 ctember 2019. Dayen i yuran deg yisebtar-is igejdanen.\nTiseqquma i temlellayt tamagdayt d tnaya taɣerfant uɣent abrid n usenfar n tɣerɣert i waggaḍ amagday n tnekra taɣerfant yessalqayen turdiwin d tifratin n urkawal n 26 yunyu d 9 ctember 2019.\nArrat-a agejdan seg tazwara dey-s tisutar d tisumar tisartanin yezdin ibedden ibanen s yimenzayen igejdanen i uzgar ar tmagdayt n tilawt i usebded n yisaggar gar yal yiwen.\nIɣallen n temlellayt tamagdayt rran ad ǧǧen azday yeldi i yal tuddsa taɣarimt, tasertant, i yal udmawan yufan iman-nsen deg tikli d yisutren n tɣerɣert-a di tmurt s umata.\nTiseqquma n temlellayt tamagdayt d tnaya taɣerfant d takkayt n ufaris yeldin i tuddsa n yiɣallen n tegrawla i teddun ar usarag aɣelnaw ara yesbedden asaka amagday d ufaris ammugen anayan.\nII-Azal d yimenzayen igejdanen n yiɣallen i temlellayt tamagdayt\n– Iɣallen i temlellayt tamagdayt tmeɣnisen ɣef :\n– Awanek aɣarim, amagday ametti.\n– Ad iger lsas i useɛdel deg udabu.\n– Tilelli n tidet i teɣdemt\n– Aseɛdel deg yizerfan ger yirgazen d tlawin.\n– Aserrus n yak tilelliyin i yal amdan, akked yigrawen, inmula akked tdukkliwin, sumata tilelli n u meslay akked tɣamsa. Azref i usegrew, timesbaniyin akked usunded.\n– Tilelli i usuddes asertan, ametti, adelsan, adamsan, asdukklan, anamlan s useqdec n yisuḍaf n n tigduda.\n– Aqader n yizerfan n umdan deg wudem amaḍlan-nsen.\n– Tilelli n liman akked tesreḍt d ugdal n useqdec n tesredṭ deg yiswan isertiyen.\n– Agdal n useqdec n tgemmi akked yizumal imazrayen n uɣlan Azzayri.\n– Aserrus n usaḍuf i uqbal n ufran agreɣlan ilelli d lsas i uqader n lebɣi n ugdud deg usemres n yizerfan-is, rnu ɣur-s abeddel imelwi neɣ aɛafi deg udabu.\n– Asebɛed n yiɣil deg usemres n twuriwin n udabu.\n– Aseɛdel gar tutlayin taɛrabt akked tmaziɣt d leqdic ɣef usnerni-nsent, akked uqader n umgarad yellan deg yidles n Yizzayriyen.\n– Aɛiwed n usbedded n uwanek d uqader n tseqqumma yettwafernen.\n– Aḍman n uwanek i yizerfan imettiyen, idelsanen, idamsanen igejdanen i yiɣarimen.\n– Aseḥbiber ɣef lɣellat n tmurt.\n– Areṣṣi n temlilt n uwanek deg usnefli aɣelnaw\n– Amennuɣ mgal miḥyaf ametti akked udamsan, d tmuɣbent s ureṣṣi n leɛdel d teɣdemt tamettit akked twizi taɣelnawt n tidet.\n– Amennuɣ mgal tijɛal d usgufsu d tririt n lɣellat n tmurt yettwaḥewṣen, yettwasxedmen s lbaṭel.\nIII / Isummar-nneɣ i tifrat tamagdayt timelwit mgal awanek amesbaṭli\nA/Leddi n ukala amagday n tidet\nIwakken ad neldi abrid i ugdud Azzayri akken ad yefren imal-is, d useqdec n yak tizemmar-is d tnaya-s, iɣallen n urkawal n temlellayt tamagadayt tmeɣnisen kkaten ɣef:\n– Aḥbas n yiɣil d tezzeɣzeɣt mgal isertiyen akked userreḥ i yimeḥbas n ṛṛay akked yisertiyen, akked ucaṛeɛ yellan mgal-nsen rnu ɣer wayen aɣerrem n wid yettwaṭṭfen deg lbaṭel ɣer leḥbas.\nTukksa n lḥers ɣef yizerfan akked tlelliyin ( azref ɣef tlelli n umeslay, timsebaniyin, taywalt, tuddsiwin tisdukklanin, inmula, ikabaren n tsertit …)\nAserrus n tlisa ɣef umasi n tdukkli n ugdud Azzayri akked d wayen yettwasqedcen akken ad ḥazen tagrawla taɣerfan n ugdud.\n– Aserrus n tlisa i tukerḍiwin i d-yettilin ddaw leɛnaya n udabu. Tukksa n yakk leqwanen i yefkan lemziyat i tkebbaniyin akken ad snegrent lɣellat n tmurt.\n– Ahebbus ɣef ummuden n lgaz d lpitrul n useffaḥ.\n– Ala i yal adiwenni d lemcawrat i d-yettnawal i d-yettheggi udabu, ma d ayella ulac tiririt i tsutrin tiferdisin n ugdud.\n– Tukksa n yisuḍaf yettnuɣen tilelliyin ladɣa wid yerzan leqwanen ɣef yikabaren n tsertit, tidukkliwin akked taywalt.\nB/ Asarag aɣelnaw ilelli n unagraw i temlellayt tamagdayt.\nIɣallen n urkawal i ubeddel amagday kkaten ɣef tilin n yiwen n usarag aɣelnaw ilelli n unagraw, aya ad d-yili s lmendad n yakk wid yekkaten ɣef tneflit n tmetti Tazzayrit ara, d-yennejmaɛen iwakken ad sbedden asuter amagaday n ugdud i d-yeffɣen ass n 22 deg furar 2019, yugin tifranin n 12 deg Duǧamber 2109 i d-yellan berra i usuter n ugdud, anda i yuɣalen ɣer uressi n uwanek n yiɣil berra i lebɣi n ugdud.\nAsarag aɣelnaw ad yemmeslay ɣef tallit n usaka amagday akked ilugan ara yaɣ d yinumak imtawanen n usaka akked ukala ammugen anayan.\nC/ I usaka amagday amunan d ukala ammugen anayan\nAgezzum akked unagraw-a yessutur tuddsa n tallit n usaka amagday iwakken ad yessaweḍ ar isarmen n ugdud Azzayri. Tifrat-a ad qqiment deg lettbaɛ d tsutrin timazrayin. Ad d-fkent asizdey asudut, uzrif i usemres n tnaya taɣerfant s wudem ilelli.\nTallit n usaka ad tili i ureṣṣi amtawan n ufaris ammugen anayan ara yneɣlen ara yesseɣlin lbaṭel asertan ɣef lsas, iwakken ad ireṣṣu awanek i usebded n tegduda tamagdayt tamettit tamaynut.\nLeddi n tallit n usaka amagday ad d-yili s twaksa merra n tsudtin ticentiyin.\nWid yellan mgal tagrawla n ugdud tɣazazen ad ṭfen anagraw iwakken ad sastnen imcumen d yimukar akken ad qqimen. Iɣallen yedren n uɣlan yessefk ad ddun akked d yisutren iɣerfanen imegdayen imettiyen i waggaḍ n trennawt n tnaya taɣerfant.\nTudert i Lezzayer tilellit tamagdayt\nIsseɣ i yimeɣṛasen-nneɣ.\nTiseqquma i temlellayt tamagdayt d tnaya taɣerfant.\nLezzayer, ass n 25 yennayer 2020.\nƐli Msili ameɣnas anmagal


url: =Bgayet, tamdint d umezruy - La Dépêche de Kabylie\nTameddurt n Mouloud Habib\n‘’Llant snat n trebbaɛ n yiselmaden di Tesdawit, ass-a’’\nAsqif n udlis Lmulud At Mɛemmer\nAccueil Tamazight Bgayet, tamdint d umezruy\nBgayet, tamdint d umezruy\nD tamdint yersen am tiqit ɣef yilel Agerrakal, tenǧer isem-is s isekkilen n ddheb deg usafsar n umezruy n tmurt, d win n talsa sumata, dayen i tt-cedhint wallen yal tikelt mara ad lhun idaṛen sin isurifen fell-as, zzman yettɛasa-tt s ireqqasen n tegzirin i as d-yezzin, mačči d tamdint am teyyaḍ, wiss ahat ma nuɣal ɣer umezruy-is, ad neɛqel cwiṭ udem-is !?\nIfniqen yebnan Qarṭaǧ deg lqern (IX s.t.Ɛ), sɛan aṭas n wuguren deg ilel Agrakal, imi netta lqay rrnu ɣef waya aḍu aqesḥan yettsuḍun tikli-nsen ɣer tmurt n Spenyul, akked d anezgun n tikli deg iḍ sdat n yiflisen yettqaqin lebwaber mebla afran, meḥsub anect-a yeggaten akken ad bnun lmersat seg akal ɣer wayeḍ, ɣef waya, gar n leqrun (12-9 s.t.Ɛ) Bgayet yiṣahi-tt-id yiwen n lmersa (Emperia). Ifniqen xtaren n Bgayet ɣef laman n wemkan deg i d-tezga, Cap Carbon akked Cap Bouak, d snat n tɣaltin yettḥadan tamdint-a ɣef inekcamen, am akken daɣen ufan Yefniqen imezdaɣ n Bgayet d wid yelhan i ttjara n wembadal. Saldae d isem i as-fkan Ṛṛuman i temdint-a deg lqern (33 s.t.Ɛ), tɣerma tameqrant n ddunit lawan-nni, tesnerna deg-s aḥric udmis, imi netta-t tessawseɛ lmersa yettawin yettara aṭas n selɛat ɣer Saldae (Bgayet) akked tmurt n Ṭṭelyan, daɣen tebna aɣrab d ameqran i d-yezzin i temdint, yesɛa azal n 3 km, yeldi deg 3 n tewwura; tawwurt n Sarrasine ; yettawin srid ɣer lmersa, tawwurt n El Fouka ; yettawin ɣer tabḥirin n tfellaḥt, akked tewwurt n Guraya; yettawin ɣer wudrar n Guraya. Ger iseggasen (138-161 t.Ɛ) Ṛṛuman wwin-d aman seg Tuǧa alarmi d tamdint n Saldae, dayen i yeǧǧan imezdaɣ-is ad tthennin deg uɣbel n waman ar ass-a n wussan.\nIsem n Bgayet yuɣal Naceria deg iseggasen (1067-1162 t.Ɛ), d netta-t i d tamanaɣt n tɣerma n Iḥemmadiyen. El Nacer i d-yusan mbeɛd Ḥammad yessawseɛ aɣrab n Naceria d nnig n wayen i d-ǧǧan Ṛṛuman, imi tikelt-a yerrad azal n 150 ar 160 ihiktaren, dayen i tenyeǧǧan ad bnun tiwwura-nniḍen, akken ad ssiwḍen azal n 6 tewwura, tawwurt n la casba, tawwurt n Sarrasine, tawwurt n El Fouka, tawwurt n El Rouah, tawwurt n Amessioum, tawwurt n El Mergoum. Iḥemmadyen bnan tamdint d tamezyant berra i Naceria semman-as la casbah, tesɛa tlata n leqsur akked tmesgida d wayen akk ttaḥwaǧen imezdaɣ-is. Akka i tkemmel Bgayet amecwar-is, alarmi i d-teɣli gar ifasen n Ṣpenyul i as-yefkan udem yelhan aṭas s yisem n Buggia deg iseggasen (1510-1555 t.Ɛ), taɣerma n Spenyul tessamɣer Buggia d nnig n wayen tesɛa d akal s 37 n hiktaren, ɣef waya i d-bnan yiwet n tewwurt tamaynut, semman-as tawwurt n les vieillards. Segmen akk ayen yehruran deg la casbah, lɣar n Sidi Abdelkader, syin akin ḥyan-d rrnan ccebḥen leqser n l’étoile, win n la perle akked d win n Guraya, bedlen udem i lǧameɣ, sselsen-as win n tmesgida, ssnernan tamusni deg temdint, tuɣal tettawi-d aberrani, ama s wubrid n tmerrit neɣ win n ttjara. Akka i tedder tɣerma n spenyul deg Buggia azal n 45 iseggasen. Din din, deg useggas n (1555 t.Ɛ) Bgayet tuɣal teṭṭafar ɣer Ṭerk i as-yessawalen El Madina, acu kan tikelta Bgayet tebɛed ɣef udem-is aḥeqqani, ama n tmusni, n ttjara, neɣ n tsertit deg Tefriqt ugafa, Iṭerkiyen qqimen deg wayen i d-teǧǧa tɣerma n Spenyul, ur bedlen ara kra deg tewwura neɣ deg uɣrab i d-yerran tamdint, meḥsub ul n El Madina yeqqim deg ssuq akked lǧameɛ yeṭṭfen talemmast n tmezduɣt n lawan-nni. Akka i tkemmel tikli temdint n Bgayet deg ifasen n Ṭerk alarmi d 1833, swa swa ɣer useggas n unekcam Afransis, i d-yezwaren s le général Trézel, mbeɛd mi Fransa tqubel imezdaɣ n temdint-a azal n tlata iseggasen d nnig unekcum-is amezwaru ɣer tmurt n Lezzayer deg useggas n 1830.\nArticle précédentNeḥnu ɛareb…!\nArticle suivantTabrat d ukaskiḍ


url: =Nyu Ziland : Txes a teqḍa x ukeyyef s cwayt cwayt | Le RIFAIN\nNyu Ziland : Txes a teqḍa x ukeyyef s cwayt cwayt\nTenna lḥukuma n New Zealand illa iggur a tegg memnuɛ x uzenzi n igarruten i tasalin i d-igguren, ataɣ ataf wer ttkeyyifen inamuren-nnes qqaɛ deg yimal.\nMala ca n ijjen ilul di 2008, ataf wer izemmer ad iseɣ igarruten, alaḥsab lqanun i d ɣa asen aseggas i d-igguren.\nTenna tawzirt n seḥḥet D. Ayesha Verrall « nxes a nẓer iḥudriyen-nneɣ wer ttkeyyifen ca ».\nSurif-a yus-d bac tawzirt n seḥḥet Tanyuzilandit a teqḍa x ukeyyef qaɛ.\nIḍbiben wtin deg wuru i lḥukuma i ɣa iggen iɛenkraf kṭer ɛad x uzenzi n igarruten d mamec ɣa tessenqes zeg uswir n nnikutin deg igarruten.\nTenna Taprufisurt Janet Hoek zi tesdawit n Otago belli isuraf-a imaynuten « iggur ad ɛawnen midden bac ad nḍaren garru niɣ ad muttyen ɣer ca n tmelsayin-nniḍen i wer ittḍerrin ca kṭer ; xenni iḥudriyen ataf wer tteblin ca s nnikutin s waṭṭas ».\nMaca manaya kul ijjen man lxezrat i ɣer-s ixezzer.\nIjj n wergaz inna i Reuters « ttwaliɣ manaya ila d ijjen lḥajet d tasebḥant, lux tzemmred a teẓred aṭṭas n iḥudriyen d imeẓẓyanen s igarruten deg ifassen-nnsen, iwdan ttseqsan mani ttafen igarruten-nni ? Manaya d asebḥan i nec, minzi ataf zemmreɣ ad yerweɣ xirebbi n ttmenyat ».\nMaca inniḍen wcin ḥadur-nnsen zi manaya, nnan qa ippudar ad ibelleɛ ijj n ssuq d taberkant n lkif, manaya wer tettssigg°ej ca tawzirt n sseḥet deg ijj n usiweḍ-nnes, mamec tenna ila ddiwana ataf ad ggen tizemmar-nniḍen bac ad qḍan x ttrabanu n igarruten.\nWaxxa amenni, ayenni tiweḍ Nyu Ziland tettegg tizemmar bac ad tessenqs zeg iwdan ittkeyyafen ar xemsa di miya deg useggas n 2025, bac ad qḍan qaɛ x ukeyyef.\nInni ittkeyyafen ass-a di Nyu Ziland ttakk°aḍen ar 13%. Maca manaya ittmerni kṭer ɣer imezdaɣ imezwura n Nyu Ziland, Mawri, mani ɣer-sen ittakk°aḍ ar ttulut zzag-sen zeg inni ittkeyyafen.\nTawzirt n seḥḥet Tanyuzilandit teqqar ila akeyyef d ijjen sebbet zi rebɛa ittejjan midden ad ten-yaɣ uxenzir (lkunsir). Yettɣima uxenzir d tenni sebbet tamezwarut ittejjan imezdaɣ n tegzirt-a ttmettan.\nAked manaya, iggur ad sneqsen zi sakat ittakk°aḍen ass-a 8000 ar 500 waha amek qqaren imḍebbren.\nAsexdem n igarruten iliktruniyen immerni kṭer zeg igarruten nurmal, ula kṭer ɣer iḥudriyen.\nNyuziland teqqar aqqa igarruten Iliktruniyen qa ttḍerran, minzi dags ca n tmettiwin tikimawyin i yetteggen axenzir deg waman i dag-sen deg igarruten-nni iliktruniyen, maca waxxa amenni lḥukuma tejja igarruten iliktruniyen kudkud ɣa nḍaren inni ittekkeyyafen akeyyef qqaɛ.


url: =Tanegga - LEZZAYER\nAsamas, 28 Wamber 2021 14:55\nAsamas, 28 Wamber 2021 14:03\nLEZZAYER TAMANAɣT - Igmaḍ uɛḍilen n tefranin tidiganin, yettwasuddsen ass n ssebt, ad d-ttunefken deg umalas-agi, di laɛḍil n ad d-banen yigmaḍ unṣiben mi ara yekfu wakud n icetkiyen am wakken yella deg usaḍuf n uselḥu n tefranin, id-iwekked uselway Udabu Aɣelnaw Amzarug n Tefranin, Mohamed Charfi.\nAsamas, 28 Wamber 2021 09:38\nTifranin tidiganin : aktamur aɣelnaw n utekki deg tɣiwanin yewweḍ ɣer 35,97% mi medlent tnariyin n wedɣar\nAsiḍyas, 27 Wamber 2021 23:36\nLezzayer Tamaneɣt- Aktamur aɣelnaw n utekki deg tefranin tidiganin n tɣiwanin (isquma iɣerfanen n tɣiwanin) yewweḍ ɣer ɣef tis 20:00 mi medlent tnariyin n wedɣar id yenna ass n ssebt uselway n Udabu Aɣelnaw Amzarug n Tefranin, Mohamed Charfi.\nAbeddu n ufray n tuɣac deg tɣiwanin aydeg ur yettwasseɣzef wakud n udɣar\nAsiḍyas, 27 Wamber 2021 21:36\nZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Tebda temhelt n ufray n tuɣac n tefranin tinɣiwanin d tid n twilayt n wass n usiḍyas deg tɣiwanin aydeg yettwasseɣzef ara wakud n udɣar.\nTifranin tidiganin : aktamur aɣelnaw n utekki deg tɣiwanin yewweḍ ɣer 24,27% ɣef tis 16:00\nAsiḍyas, 27 Wamber 2021 18:57\nLezzayer Tamaneɣt- Aktamur aɣelnaw n utekki deg tefranin tidiganin n tɣiwanin (isquma iɣerfanen n tɣiwanin) yewweḍ ɣer 24,27% ɣef tis 16:00 id yenna ass n ssebt uselway n Udabu Aɣelnaw Amzarug n Tefranin, Mohamed Charfi.\nTifranin tidiganin : aktamur aɣelnaw n utekki deg tɣiwanin yewweḍ ɣer 13,30% ɣef tis 13:00\nAsiḍyas, 27 Wamber 2021 16:51\nLezzayer Tamaneɣt- Aktamur aɣelnaw n utekki deg tefranin tidiganin n tɣiwanin (isquma iɣerfanen n tɣiwanin) yewweḍ ɣer 13,30% ɣef 13:00 ; id yenna ass n ssebt uselway n Udabu Aɣelnaw Amzarug n Tefranin, Mohamed Charfi.\nTifranin tidiganin : aktamur aɣelnaw n utekki yewweḍ ɣer 4,12% ɣef tis 10:00\nAsiḍyas, 27 Wamber 2021 14:08\nLezzayer Tamaneɣt- Aktamur aɣelnaw n utekki deg tefranin tidiganin (isquma iɣerfanen n tɣiwanin d twilayin) yewweḍ ɣer 4,12% ɣef 10:00 ; id yenna ass n ssebt uselway n Udabu Aɣelnaw Amzarug n Tefranin, Mohamed Charfi.\nTifranin tidiganin d takkayt taneggarut i tmeṣkiwt n uwanak atrar\nAsiḍyas, 27 Wamber 2021 12:55\nZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Iwekked-d uselway n tegduda, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, ass n usiḍyas deg Zzayer Tamaneɣt, dakken tifranin tidiganin d nitenti ay d « takkayt taneggarut i tmeṣkiwt n uwanak atrar » s udraw n warraw-nnes.


url: =« Abrid n tlelli d izerfan ». Tafsut Imaziɣen ! Tafsut Taberkant ! - Site perso de Mohamed ZIANE-KHODJA\n« Abrid n tlelli d izerfan ». Tafsut Imaziɣen ! Tafsut Taberkant !\n« Abrid n tlelli d izerfan »\nAgraw n inelmaden\nAss-a, yezzi-d umulli wis 34 n « Tefsut imaziɣen » n 1980; d usmekti wis 13 n « Tefsut taberkant » n 2001. Yal tafsut tettawi-d izeǧǧigen-is, yal tasuta trennu-d amennuɣ-is ɣef tutlayt d yidles nneɣ, ɣef tlelli d izerfan nneɣ.\nSeg Cacnaq ar Masensen ; seg Diheyya ar Faḍma n Summer ; seg Ṭawes Ɛemṛuc ar Mulud At Mɛemmeṛ, seg Meɛtub Lwennas ar Warrac n tefsut Taberkant, ……….. Tamaziɣt mazal-itt tedder. Am ugerruj, wa yettaǧǧa-tt-id i wayeḍ ar almi d-tewweḍ ass-a ɣer nneɣ.\nAṭas i d-skeflen imezwura, nekni ass-a ilaq ad tt-nesefti akken ad tecbu timeslayin nniḍen.\nIlaq ad s-d-yuɣal wazal di tmurt-is. Ɣef waya ad nger tiɣri i wid teɛna temsalt akken Tamaziɣt:\nad tt-rren d tutlayt tunṣibt.\nad tt-sɣarayen deg meṛṛa iɣerbazen n tmurt.\nad s-xedmen timkerḍit deg uɣerbaz nneɣ.\nad s-rnun akud deg wahil n leqraya.\nad ɣ-d-rnun iselmaden n tmaziɣt.\nNesaram tiɣri nneɣ, ur tɣelli ara ar wannu!!\n"Tamaziɣt-nni d-yefrurin di ṣṣeḥ\nAr ɣer-sen netni, telha kan i cḍeḥ"\nTudert i Tamaziɣt !!\nAɣerbaz Alemmas Lɛerbi Mezani\nAt-Yanni, 20 Yebrir 2014.


url: =Tixnderrisin n Saɛid dg udrar n Sidi Σabid | الريف الحر - FreeRif The title of your home page\nاليوم الأحد 18 أغسطس 2019 - 6:58 صباحًا\nأخر تحديث : الثلاثاء 25 يونيو 2013 - 2:26 مساءً\nTixnderrisin n Saɛid dg udrar n Sidi Σabid\nبتاريخ 25 يونيو, 2013\nTaxnderrist wis 8\nɣ = غ\nSaɛid d aḥnjir d amẓyan isseɛda tudrt ins g uḥsi n udrar n Sidi Ɛabid. Zeggwami d ilul, yufa adrar zdat n tiṭṭawin ins, ittlaɣa as d ad gs iwddar, ad gs issen tudrt, ad gs ilmd targazt. Cḥal ma nnan as ymmas d babas, alaɣi n udrar n Sidi Ɛabid yujar marra min d as qqarn.\n« Luxa nc, nnubt inu ! ».\n“Lla cm tnḍud luxa nc!”\nAɛiyyḍ n iḥnjirn d tḥnjirin ad as tettslid zi manis. Ajnna qqaɛ d ddxaxn, tamurt qqaɛ d tifggirin, ci d timẓyanin ci d timqqranin. Kul tarfiqt tettg tafggirt i ɣa tzmr ad tnḍu. Imqqranen d tmqqranin ttggn tt d tamqqrant, timẓyanin d imẓyanen ttggn tt d tamẓyant.\nS umẓyan s tmqqrant aɣmbub nsn iwwa s arbu n tmssi. Arɣan zg uzllif ar iḍarn. Zi lwqt ar lwqt, truccan ayawya s waman ḥuma ur dɛɛqn.\nTaɛanṣart, ass nni mindg tettg tmssi tamɣra ag waman. Zggwami ɣa tgr tfuyt d zi ɣa tɣli, iman d arrimt d wul ggin awal ad nnbjin ar tmɣra n waman d tmssi, mani ttwaksayn zi tmurt ar mani ci.\nZggwami dd tkkr ymmas n Saɛid zg iḍṣ nttat tettrucca s waman: taddart, tazniqt, tarwa, tiɣmriwn innufrn, tazqqa, …Ur d as iqqim umkan ula d ci ur t trucc s waman.\nAman, aman, aman. N yilel, n iɣzr, n tala, n tanut, n tsbbalt,…Min ma yilin tn. Iwdan ffudn aman axmi ɛmmars ur swin. Rid sessn ɣir i tɛddist, sessn i yiman, i wul, i twngimt,…sessn, ssiridn, truccan.\nX tma n yilel, i d yuffu Saɛid d imddukkal ins d azgn amqqran zg imzdaɣ d tmzdaɣ n tmdint. Irwl as i ymmas. Nttat tazzl tikarmin as, ntta ittxuttul as ḥuma ur d as tettims zzit n wulli i tnzar. Ymmas tqqar qa s uɣir xs ad tt igg gi tɛanṣart, tettṣṣar zi min illan ur ikni, ntta ikarh itt. Ammn i iqqimn ar wami wwḍn ar ṣabadiya.\nAftaḥ n tɛanṣart ittkks tudayt tqqar as ymmas. Tiftisin n tmdint uffunt id tmulluɣnt s iwdan, illa wi i dd iwwin xlli d lksibt ad tssird dg waman.\nWn ɣa yadfn dg waman ad tn ikkssi jr ifassn ad tn ittsiyab dg ujnna. Aman tṣarn d x iwdan am tmqqa n unẓar gi lwqt n tzawa. Ass nni, tisfay astiqa ttɛawadnt tinfas, astiqa ssawaḍnt id min irṣṣan dg walliɣ n yilel: tirja i innurin, alaɣi n ljdud, isitam n tiwcca,…\nSaɛid d lɛicart ins ḥaman Taɣzart Tamẓyant ḥuma ad ilin wḥḥdsn. Taftist nsn tmmars ar iḍarn n ḍhar n Ssllum x jjiht ins d taẓlmaḍt n udrar n Sidi ɛabid. Ntnin tcucn x iẓra, x uḍuqẓ n tsfay, x ixubac i zdɣn imudar n yilel imẓyanen. Jr uẓru d uẓru, kksn tɣucbunt n uftaḥ d tirart d tikkst n tzɣar, amssall, ikurẓmiwn. Mlmi ttahḥḥln, tḥrillizn x cwit n tjdit i din illan, fsrn ixf nsn i tfuyt n tɛanṣart, ad asn tccar iman d arrimt s tayri d wafra i min iqqimn zg usggwas. Ul nsn ifrh s min tn ittrajan tamddit. Ttxmmamn gi muk tgga tfggirt i ɣa ggn, manct tlla, man amkan mani i tt ɣa ggn,… Ikcwaḍ qa swjdn tn zggwami slln zg uqmmum n ymmatsn ila tɛanṣart tettqrrab d. Grwn mis ɣa ggn tafggirt d taqmqamt. Maca, ad zmmrn ad tt nḍwn ?\nIwdan qqaɛ rwwḥn ar tudrin, ntnin am lbda, ur ttikin ag lwqt xmi tɛdda. Ur kkirn ar wami ukan ag wadan tqijjiwn s ulaẓ. Luxnni qlɛn ttazzln.\nƔir iwwḍ Saɛid ar twwurt n taddart nsn, yuca d ssin ci n lfwaḥ ur t xṭṭint tnzar n Saɛid: Imcyax. Macca nni i dd ittasn zg usggwas ar usggwas: irdn, tinifin d ibawn munen dg ict n tqnuct.\nIcca Saɛid imcyax ar wami zg d dwln, yuri ar tzqqa, iksi d ikcwaḍ uka iffɣ.\nGin awal ad munen ar usarag ittawin ar umrabḍ. Din ad iliq i tfggirin. Amkan imɣar d amiriw. Din i ɣa iwqɛ umɛand d umsizwr x unḍaw.\nAg ikcwaḍ wwin d ci nnɣni, bla zgs tamddit n tɛanṣart ur tettilli d tamddit.\nAg tdggwat, ila munen d marra iḥnjirn d tḥnjirin, iḥudriyn d tḥudiryin s tzdmin nsn. Ci isrusa ikcwaḍ, ci isɛurruc itn, ci ittizi timssi,…\nIbda umsizwr. Saɛid d imddukkal ins qwwrn d tafggirt tmɣar. Maca ntnin ɛad d imẓyanen. Txzzarn dgs, txzzarn dg waddud nsn. Timssi tcca ajnna, tssaggwad. I tɣnnant mani tt ɣa jjn?\nAd raḥn ad qllbn ayli dwln ar tkarmin. Imqqranen ḍḥḥkn xsn. Yuri Saɛid ar ict n tɛrurt. Imddukkal ins ttɣiln ixiyyq. Jjan t, qqimn txzzarn muk as ttggn iḥudriyn i unḍaw n tfggirin timqqrannin, Ur ukin mizi ttblan umi ttwalan Saɛid iwwi d tankkayt zi tɛrurt, dadadadadadada uka ntta inḍu tafggirt iṣar arawan ins ɛad.\nKsin gi tɣuyyt d tcrrift. Zi ssin d tsawnt ur skutin, talayt ar tɛrurt, tankkayt, anḍaw. Zi lwqt a tnni nnɣni, ttlqafnt tn tirjin dg iḍarn, maca ntnin ur ttbddin.\nWnni d tnni ur inṭṭwn tifggirin ittg ci nnɣni. Ci ittg tiṣffarin s iɛqqayn n umcmac, tibliɣin ttsiyyabnt tn gi tmssi, ttddznt tn, ttggnt zgsn taẓult.\nUmi uḥḥln munen ar mani kksn ad kmmln i uqṣṣar n tɛanṣart. Luxxni jbdn d iḥnjirn dduzan : agmbri s llaṭet n zzit d ifilan n tgmrawt, allun i tɣrrafnt tymmatin s yilm n uqnni, d uṭamṭam i ittwaggn s iqdduḥn n ṣṣbiɣt.\nTaṣḍma n Saɛid d imddukkal ins tlul d ass n tɛanṣart. Ula d ijj zzgsn ma issn ad iwwt tamuzikt, maca umi tt nnan, nnan tt. Ad wwtn, ad ɣnnjn ad cḍḥn. Iffh d muk ma iffɣ d, ad gz ssufɣn icuɛaḍ. Aṭṭas zgwwami ntnin ttxmmamn ad ggn ict n tṣḍma n uɣnnij d tmuzikt, xmi ttslan i tṣḍmiwin timqqranin tdrrabnt gi ci n tɣmmart niɣ dg udrar, iteṭṭf itn ci n izmri d amqqran. Ila d asittm ad ɣrsn tili ula d ntnin taṣḍma. Iɣnnijn n Lɣiwan d Twattun d Qusmit d Tiydrin…ur d asn ttkksn zi twngimt. Saɛid ittffɣ zgsn ittadf zzgsn. Attaf aqqa t x macca ag lḥbab ins, ur ittiki ḥtta ad yaf ittɣnnaj: tettlaɣa tettruuuu…\nSmunen d xsn aɛbbij iḥnjirn. Ma tiḥnjirin qa njmɛnt ar tudrin nsnt. Tnni i din iguran, tusi d ɣrs ymmas niɣ d babas ẓẓuɣrn tt zi tqjwawt. Gi tudrin, ddxan n mrru issfsax aḍan, ittlaɣa d x min iknan.\nZɛma ur ssinen i bu uẓawan n ci, maca ict n tbabbaḥt n tmijja tmun ag wul iḥrrn d tayri n usnflul ssufɣn d ci n llɣa ssɛdan akids Saɛid d lɛicart ins ict n tmddit ur tettwattu dg wass min ɣar ur illi wumas.\nKatalunya, yunyu 2013\n9 مارس : يوم أسقط النظام صوت الشعب\nالشرق أولا.. ثم الوطن ثانيا


url: =Iṭuṭuṛyen | MDN\nIseɣwan ig llan deg sebtar agi ɣuṛes aṭas iṭuṭuryen ad ifecka usegmisen.Ma telliḍ d-amezwar neɣ d-amusen,tzemreḍ attafeḍ iɣbula s wazal n sen deg seqdec n usnefli n web.iɣbula yagi ttwarun sɣuṛ tikubaniyin ig walan azekka d imsenfaliyen yeseqdacen tignutin yeldin ad leqdic ilhan di web id yettaken neɣ ad issireg tasɣelt n isalen agi, s wudem n turagin tilelliyin am t-id n Creative Commons.\nD acut HTML , i wacut, amezruy-is s uḥawec, d wamek i tga taɣessa n isemli HTML.aḍris agi i skaney-d iferdisen igejdanen yellan deg sebtar HTML. Iḍrisen id i teddun skaney-d deg talqayt iferdisen imadnanen yellan deg HTML.\nTamṣukt n taffa n usebtar web (SitePoint)\nLmed amek iferdisen HTML duklen akken ad salin asebtar web..\nTamselɣut n uferdis HTML n MDN\nTamselɣut tummidt i yiferdisen HTML,d wamek iminigen yellan zemren-as.\nAcqiṛi HTML (Wikiversity)\nSileɣ tamusni inek s ucqiṛi n HTML.


url: =Ayen i d-yessufɣen Imaziɣen-a ɣer webrid d timegreṭ i tewwi temsulta (la police) di Lḥusima (Al Hoceima) di tmurt n Imaziɣen di Lmerruk. Mouhcine Fikri d arzaz amaziɣ yellan yeznuzu iselman dinna. Tamsulta tekkes-as iselman yeznuzu, tegri-t ɣer ukamiun n „zzbel“, dɣa yemmut. (Annect-a neɣra-t deg yiɣmisen n waṭas n tmura). Mass Fikri yettwamḍel ass n 30.10.2016.\nTimgreṭ i tewwi temsulta n udabu amerruki terna ɣer twuɣa n iseggassen akk d „leqrun“ iɛeddan mgal aɣref amaziɣ. Ssarameɣ Imaziɣen (Timaziɣin) merra anidda llan a d ddkulen seg yiḍes-\nnsen, ad cemmren iɣllan-nsen ad ddun deg wbrid n telli, i wakken ad ssudsen timura-nsen s yiman-nsen, ad fken tamawt ɣef tarwa-nsen, i wakken ad tedder di talwit akk d tlelli.\nPrevious articleBerlin : Lyazid Abid ilmend n Yennayer 2967


url: =Awines amezwaru n tlalit n Dda lmulud i d-ihegga yetri adelsan n weqbu\nYou are at:Home»Isalan»Awines amezwaru n tlalit n Dda lmulud i d-ihegga yetri adelsan n weqbu\nBy youcef achouri on\t 8 février 2017 Isalan\nAss-a nekfa ussan n wesmekti n useggas wis 100 deg i d-ilul Dda lmulud Nat Mɛemmer, d-yessemlalalen imeddukkal atmaten n lɛez d lḥerma i aɣ-d-imudden isaragen; yall yiwen s wazal-is. Tamenzut ferḥen nezzeh imi tiddukla-nneɣ tesfugel aseggas wis 100 n tlalit n Dda lmulud, nekkni ur ngin, ur tennudem tiṭ, ɣas akken tagnit tqujjer dayen kan, iɣeblan ggten. Maca akken yebɣu yili mačči d ayen ara ad aɣ-isettun ass yecban ass-a.\nNekkni s tsuta n wass-a ur as-nḥeṭṭer ara i wesfuggel n uwines n tmettant-is. Ferḥen imi ula d nutni tettunnefk-asen tegnit ad kkin deg tmeɣra n wesmekti, tameɣra anida yezzi wawal ɣef dda Lmulud d wayen yettargu, d wamek ur yebri ara i ṭṭbel deg waman. Dda Lmulud, yezzi-d wawal ɣef tudert-is, d netta i d-yennan « yella walebɛeḍ yella ulac-it , yella welebɛeḍ ulac-it yella ». Netta i d-yeǧǧan tabrat i Muḥend Azwaw, tabrat yellan d azamul, d tasga, d tala win i tt-yeɣran ad as-d-teldi allen, ad yelhi d wayla-s, ad yezdi lqedd-is d imi ara ad yaf mačči d win yifen wiyaḍ, mačči d win yegran d aneggaru, yezga seg yimezwura i d-yettarran limil i tudert n umaḍal. Abrid-a usan-d wid izwaren, yeɣran tabrat-is, nnan-d ayen yellan d axel-is, wellhen-tt, i wiyaḍ, akken ad s-ssiɣezfen tamuɣli, mmeslayen-d ɣef tegnit, d tallit ideg yedder, d webrid i d-yenǧer, d usalu i d-yerẓa. iman-is, yemmuger lḥers d ẓẓmik. alarmi i numen belli d Rebbi i ɣ-ten-yuran, wa yerra-tt ɣer ddeɛwessu, wa yerra-tt ɣer tiṭ , wa yerra-tt d ayen akken igan imezwura-nneɣ i nettxelliṣ ɣlayet. Nettat ladɣa d nekki i yugin ad d nekkes azaglu, nugi ad namen belli nekkni am wiyaḍ, llan widen i d aɣ-yeǧgan llan widen i neǧga. Llan wid i ɣ-yifen llan wid i nif. Nekkni imi ɣ-rẓan tissas nezga nḥeqqer deg yiman-nneɣ, nḥeqqer deg wid-nneɣ alammi i nettwali tamuɣli-nni n at wanka , amzun akken ur nezmir ara ad nidir war tarkiṭ n uberrani. Dda Lmulud ur nɛeggeḍ, ur nsuɣ, ur nergim, maca ixeddem di tmusni d tsusmi, igemmer-d yal ajeǧǧig yunez fell as, alarmi i ɣ-d-yeǧǧa tusna n tussna; ɣas cwiṭ n tamment maca win i tt-yesraḥen ad yeḥlu, ad inadi ɣef yiman-is, ad yeffeɣ seddaw uzaglu, d trakiṭ, anida i ɣ-d-tegra aṭas aya. Dda Lmulud i d-yefdan ayen akka ḥeqqren kra ass-a, tamusni d trebga i ɣ-d-ttaǧǧwen watmaten ass-a,\nWin d-yufan tajbirt ger widen i d-yewwin awal ɣef Dda Lmulud d gmat-neɣ Rachid ulebsir, netta s timmad-is yeffren asentel : « tulsa n tɣuri i yedlisen n dda lmulud seg lmut taɛeggunt n at wanka , ɣer usewzel n tilin i imaziɣen » ma yella akka i d-yewwi a t-id-nsuqel yenna Dda lmulud d yiwen i d-yeqqnen at zik d at tyimir i d-yessawḍen ɣer-neɣ s wid n wass-a, imi netta ikemmel ɣef wayen i yebdan imenza, maca netta yessendef lǧerḥ, yufa-d anida tegzem, dɣa inuda-as-d tajbirt d alammi i t-yejber. Ger tsutwin alammi taɣanimt yerẓen yerra-tt s amkan-is, d imi adif yebda yettazal yuɣ-d tafekka, yerra-d tarwiḥt deg wayen akken i teddun ad yemmet neɣ ad ifat. Dda lmulud netta yellan d amusnaw yeɣra, iwala belli akken ad tidir tutlayt ilaq-as agemmay, tlaq-as tira dɣa yesnulfa-d agemmay yerna-d tajerrumt n tira. Akken ad tennerni, ilaq-as umawal dɣa yerna-d amawal, laqen yeḍrisen dɣa yedla ɣer tmusni taqburt n yemɣaren-nneɣ. yejmeɛ-d iḍrisen n tmedyezt. Dda lmulud d win akken tewweḍ tyita s afwad tamusni-ines imudd-itt d afriwen i tnaṣlit imi tazwara yura s tefransist akken kan ad yini i wiyaḍ belli nekkni mačči akken i aɣ-mudden isem widen yellan nnig-neɣ, nekkni d imaziɣen ɣur-neɣ idles, ɣur-neɣ taɣerma, ɣur-neɣ tasekla, ɣur-neɣ tamusni. Nekkni ur nelli d wiyaḍ, nekkni d nekkni, d imaziɣen. Dda lmulud yerra lwelh-as ɣer wayen akk i d-yeqqnen ɣer wegdud d amek i d-yewwi ad yettwasemmi agdud, d amek ara ad tiniḍ nekk ɣur-i laṣel, yettqazamen tatut, yettqazamen timekra, yettaqazamen uguren. Maca s ttawil yedda akken ddan waman maca iwala belli a d-yass wass agdud-is ad yeɛqel iman-is, a d-llint wallen-is. Akken ur nettili ara d at wanka ilaq-aɣ ad nḥemmel tudert, ad nḥemel ccbaḥa, ad nḥemmel asirem. Ad nḥemmel iman-nneɣ. Ma yella mazal neqqar nekkni s waɛraben, ma yella nettwali iman-nneɣ d ulac zdat wiyaḍ d ayenni ara i ɣ-inehren ɣer nnger amzun akken nlul-d i wiyaḍ mačči i nekkni ma yella mačči ddaw terkiṭ.\nAḍris n Wakli utamazirt\nBy khaled achoui 29 avril 2019 0\nBy soniahfir 15 mai 2019 0\nBy soniahfir 23 avril 2019 0\nBy Tansa n Talsa 7 août 2016 5


url: =Algérie Presse Service - Actualité à la Une Tawakla isallen n Lezzayer - Lufaq n usedɛes n 220 n imurgeyen seg yelmusen n usileɣ n lḥerfat di tkebbanit n Time-calle n wuxdam n tilifun amerfad\nVous êtes ici : Amugger»TAZMERT-TUSSNA»Lufaq n usedɛes n 220 n imurgeyen seg yelmusen n usileɣ n lḥerfat di tkebbanit n Time-calle n wuxdam n tilifun amerfad\nmardi, 14 novembre 2017 11:08\nLufaq n usedɛes n 220 n imurgeyen seg yelmusen n usileɣ n lḥerfat di tkebbanit n Time-calle n wuxdam n tilifun amerfad\nLEZZAYER – Yemmug, ass-a letnin, usenyi ɣef lufaq jar n tamehla n usileɣ d uselmed n l’ḥerfat n twilayt n, Lezzayer, d ugensas n tkebbanit yettxuṣṣanit deg wuxdam n tilifunat imerfaden s tzamult n, Samsung, deg i, Lezzayzer. Iswi d asedɛes n wazal n 220 n yimurgeyen seg uḥric n usileɣ n lḥerfat di lextiṣaṣ aliktruni d useggem n tɣawsiwin n uṣiwḍ n ufalu d bla falu.\nTamawt belli lufaq-aya yecref fell-as uneɣlaf n usileɣ n lḥerfat, Moḥamed Mébarki, d lwali n twilayt n tamaneɣt, Ɛebdalqader Zoukh.\nAd nesmekti belli aḥric n usileɣ n lḥerfat yerfed azal n 1200 n tɣessiwin deg i uswir aɣelnaw sselmaden deg-s azal n 30.000. Aren i yerzef uneɣlaf ɣer mennawt n iɣerbazen n usileɣ di tamaneɣt d ulmus n ṣṣhiḍ d trisiti yettwaṣkan s ccriket id n wegraw ameḍlan “Cnayder iliktrik”. Yellan yesselmad inelmaden di lextiṣaṣ n trisisti. U deg yict n usentel yerzef uneɣlaf ɣer ulmus n usileɣ n lecɣal n tseɣnut n uzayez. Yellan iḍeffṛen “Kusidar”. Aren i yutlay lwali n tamaneɣt ɣef ucelleḍ n wahil n usetri n usileɣ, n wazal n 1000 n ixeddamen di tedbelt n tɣwanin.\nUgar di taggayt-agi : « Algerie Telecom tebda tettɛeyyin i medden ad xellṣen tifatuṛin-nsen n usawal s usamas Gar 15 d 20% n tsednan s tadist ay yettaḍnen sskeṛ (amazzag) »


url: =Ass Amaḍlan n imezdaɣ imezwura: ixess ad ittwakkes lferz, ad yili wenεam s tseqqar. | Le RIFAIN\nAss Amaḍlan n imezdaɣ imezwura: ixess ad ittwakkes lferz, ad yili wenεam s tseqqar.\nDeg wass amaḍlan n imezdaɣ imezwura deg umaḍal. Itter ameqqran n Tmura imunen (UN) maḥend ad ittwakkes lferz, ad yemsar wenεam s tuεeffna ittwaggen kunṭra-nnsen. Yerni yenna belli waxxa ca n tmura wwḍent ad seggdent « ifayuten-nnsent » n min iqqnen s lferz kunṭra i imezdaɣ imezwura, maca waxxa amenni εad tettxessa aṭṭas n lxedmet.\nDi tebrat-nnes i yegga deg wass amaḍlan n imezdaɣ imezwura deg umaḍal. Yetter umeqqran n Tmura imunen (UN) Antonio Guterres maḥend ad salan aked « udmawen n umsebḍi ameqqran » i zi tteggen lferz x wagduden-a.\nYenna mass Guterres : « Qa εad din igduden inesliyen deg waṭṭas n jjwayeh deg umaḍal ttsufran s usinef, lferz d usetleε ». Yerni yenna, belli : « zeg wudmawen n wemsebḍi-ya yeqqen ɣer usistim akulunyuali abeṭririki. Maca qa din aweqqar d wemkabar zeg imezdaɣ-a imezwura ḥma ad awḍen ɣer tilelli-nnsen d timmuzɣa-nnsen ». Amek yenna netta.\nAqqa din kṭer zi 476 melyun n bnadem zeg wegduden inesliyen tteddren di 90 n tmurt n umaḍal. Tteggen ca n 6% zeg imezdaɣ n dduniyt, ɣer-sen ijj n tɣuni aked tmura mani zeddɣen. Mamec ɣer-sen ij n wagla d ameqqran di min iqqnen ɣer tussna, tinamitin d leεwayed d yelsawen d isistimen n tussna.\nAmezruy itteqqes deg wul\nIfekker-dd umɣar n Tmura imunen belli deg umezruy, ttwakksent tmura i imezdaɣ-a. Mamec i dasen-ittwakkes uzarug-nnsen asertan d wenni n ikunumi. Ca n wagduden-a kksen-asen ula d iḥenjiren-nnsen.\nYerni yenna, aqqa tussna n wagduden-a tewaceyyen, tettwaṭmes. Yenna-dd εawed ila di cchurat i yeεdun, issij amaḍal x ijjen uzgen zi tigg°di i ddren ca n wamunen zeg imezdaɣ imezwura x ufus n uḥewwas.\nYenna : « aṭṭas n tmura, lux ttemsurrufent aked ifayuten i yeggint umi bdant tettrent ssmaḥet. Tteggent tizemmar maḥend ad awḍent ɣer tidet ad yili umsuluḥ. Ad ssidfent izerfan deg idusturen-nnsent. Maca waxxa amenni qa din aṭṭas min ixess ad ittwaggen εad ».\nTiseqqar ixess-asent ad εeqbent\nIwekked Guterres belli ixess ad tili ij n kunṭra d tanamunt d jjdid : « zzag-s ad yedwel uweqqar d tseqqar d tilelli n yenni i ttuɣa wer ɣer-sen walu i waṭṭas n iseggusa. Ixess εawed ad yili wemsawal maḥnend a naweḍ ɣer tidet ».\nYennea « Qa wer din mayemmi i ɣa nsiɣa a nekner x 476 melyun zeg imezdaɣ imezwura deg umaḍal lḥeqq-nnsen deg usugur n yiman-nnsen d wecrak deg usenneε n teɣtast (décision) ».\nFicta s tmussni n wegduden imezwura\nS tidet, aṭṭas i ineεmen s tmussni n yegduden imezwura, ula kṭer maḥend a naff afsay i wemxubel n uklima, d umyanaw abyuluji (la diversité biologique) , d lehlakat ittmuttuyen. Yettwala wemɣar n tmura imunen belli ixess igduden imezwura a ɣer-sent tili tmussni-ya. A tt-bḍan aked inniḍen.\nMass Guterres yenna « Deg wass-a amaḍlan n yegduden imezwura deg umaḍal, awi-dd a dd-nemmel ij n twiza n tidet s lxedmet maḥend a negg laḥedd i wudmawen n lferz ameqqran i zi ttsufran igduden imezwura deg umaḍal merra. A nenεem s ttaεeddu i x-asen ittwaggen a nessmeɣer s tussna-nnsen d tmussni-nnsen ».


url: =Tasertit : agdud yeffeɣ-d εinani i Gaïd Salah - kab-news.com\nTikli, ass-a deg Bgayet\nD lğemεa tis 29, agdud mazal yetteffaɣ-d ɣer yiberdan, yessutur abeddel n uwanak seg uẓar. D imelyan i yimdanen i d-yeffɣen ɣer yiberdan ttmeğğiden-d s tmenna timḥeqranit n uɣella unnig n yiserdasen izzayriyen Gayed Salaḥ yessuturen ad d-ilint tefranin tiselwayin deg ussan i d-iteddun mebla aressi n sin yisuḍaf-a « 7- 8 » unsiben yellan deg tmendawt. I tikkelt tis 29 agdud azzayri yeffuden tilelli yeffeɣ-d deg yal aɣir n tmurt yessutur atixer n Gayed Salaḥ.\nTikliwin-a ḍrant mačči kan deg Bgayet, maca deg waṭas n lwilayat n tmurt. Tekkint deg tekliwin-a tgejda n umussu asertan, acku ẓran, yerna umnen belli ilaq ad d-yili ubeddel deg waddad n tmurt. Aɣref yumen belli ma yella yessusem ɣef uzref-is, adabu amesbaṭli am wa, d awezɣi ad as-t-id-yefk. Yeffeɣ-d uɣref ɣer yiberdan s tikliwin timelwayin i tikkelt tis 29 mgal adabu amesbaṭli yeffeɣen i tmendawt. Maca yella-d lḥers sɣur yiɣallen n laman deg waṭas n yimukan ladɣa deg ubrid ameqqran yettawin ɣer Lezzayer tamanaɣt.\nMaca lebɣi d tezmert yekkes tugdi seg wulawen yella-d ukemmel n tikliwin deg talwit, imi d win i d lsas n uqeεεed n tmurt-nneɣ. Tikliwin-a seg tazwara ar tura llan-d mgal adabu amhersan yeṭṭfen tisura n leḥkem deg ufus-is, seg 1962 ar ass-a. Yessaweḍ alammi yečča azref n ugdud, yerna yettmeslay s yisem-is i tmura n berra, belli d netta i yebɣan tikkin n unefran-nsen. Aɣref yeεya seg tsertit tujḥift n uwanak, imi tilelli-yis tettwaqmeḍ, ma yella d tamεict-is mazal ur d-tuɣal ara d tamεict n umdan ilelli.\nImekkiyen deg tikli-ya ssawalen s kra n tmenna, am : « Ulac tifranin ya Lεisabat”.” Ala, ala, ala i leḥkem aserdasan ». « Ulac, ulac, ulac ssmaḥ, ulac ».« Gayed Salaḥ tixer”. “Ad nerreẓ wala, ad neknu », « Neεya seg udabu amesbaṭli ». « Ḥebset tamḥeqranit ».\nAbrid n umennuɣ ɣef tlelli n ugdud seg leḥkem amesbaṭli mazal ɣezzifit, ɣas yeččur d uguren n yisegral, meεna d lwajeb fell-aɣ merra ad neḍfer abrid-a, acku agdud yebran i umennuɣ-is ur yettidir ara deg liser, ad yeqqim d akli n wid it-inebḍen. Win i wumi iruḥ nnif, ad yidir d akli ilebda, ad d-yezdel fell-as ddel d lbaṭel.


url: =Leccaln Rrusul 13 - Holy Bible [Kabyle Bible 2001]\nLeccaln Rrusul 13\nDi tejmaɛt n temdint n Antyuc llan lenbiya d lɛulama : Barnabas, Semɛun ițusemman Aberkan, Lusyus n temdint n Qiṛwan, Manahen i d-ițțuṛebban d Hiṛudus Antibas, akk-d Caɛul.\nYiwen wass atmaten nnejmaɛen iwakken ad uẓummen yerna ad dɛun ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi. Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen yenna-yasen-d : Swejdet-iyi-d Barnabas akk-d Caɛul i ccɣel-nni iwumi i ten-heggaɣ.\nMi ẓummen, ssersen ifassen-nsen fell-asen, rnan dɛan ɣer Sidi Ṛebbi, dɣa ǧǧan-ten ad ṛuḥen.\nBarnabas akk-d Caɛul i gceggeɛ Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen, ṣubben ɣer lmeṛṣa n Slukya ; syenna rekben di lbabuṛ ɣer tegzirt n Qubṛus.\nMi wwḍen ɣer lmeṛṣa n Salamin, beccṛen awal n Ṛebbi di leǧwameɛ n wat Isṛail ; Yuḥenna yella yid-sen, yețɛawan-iten.\nMi zegren akk tigzirt-nni, wwḍen ɣer temdint n Bafus, mlalen-d d yiwen useḥḥar n wat Isṛail i gețțarran iman-is d nnbi, isem-is Barɛisa.\nIțțili ɣer lḥakem Serjyus Bulus, yellan d argaz ifehmen. Serjyus iceggeɛ ɣer Barnabas d Caɛul, axaṭer yebɣa ad isel i wawal n Ṛebbi.\nMeɛna Ilimas aseḥḥar-nni, ( akkagi i gețwaṭerjem yisem-is s tyunanit ) yețxaṣam-iten, yețnadi ad isseɛṛeq abrid n liman i lḥakem-nni.\nCaɛul, ițusemman daɣen Bulus, yeččuṛen d Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen, issers allen-is fell-as,\nyenna-yas : A mmi-s n Cciṭan yeččuṛen ț-țiḥila d lexdeɛ ! Ay aɛdaw n lḥeqq ! Ar melmi ara tesseɛwajeḍ akka iberdan n lewqam n Sidi Ṛebbi ?\nTura atan ufus n Sidi Ṛebbi fell-ak : aț-țedderɣleḍ, aț-țeqqimeḍ kra n wussan ur tețwaliḍ ara tafat n yiṭij. Imiren kan, Ilimas idderɣel, yeɣli-d fell-as ṭṭlam ; yeqqim isferfud, ițnadi anwa ara s-yeṭṭfen afus.\nLḥakem-nni mi gwala ayen yedṛan, itɛeǧǧeb deg wawal n Sidi Ṛebbi dɣa yumen.\nBulus d yeṛfiqen-is zegren tigzirt n Qubṛus, wwḍen ɣer temdint n Bafus, syenna rekben di lbabuṛ iwakken ad zegren ɣer temdint n Barja yellan di tmurt n Bamfilya.\nMi wwḍen ɣer dinna, Yuḥenna yeǧǧa-ten yuɣal ɣer temdint n Lquds ; ma d nutni kemmlen abrid-nsen si temdint n Barja, wwḍen ɣer temdint n Antyuc yellan di tmurt n Bisidya. Deg wass n westeɛfu, i deg țnejmaɛen wat Isṛail di leǧwameɛ, kecmen ɣer lǧameɛ, qqimen.\nMi d-ɣṛan tiktabin n Sidna Musa akk-d Lenbiya, imeqqranen n lǧameɛ nni nnan-asen : Ay atmaten, ma yella tesɛam kra n wawal s wayes ara tenhum lɣaci-agi, ɛeddit-ed aț-țhedṛem !\nBulus ikker-ed, iwehha-yasen s ufus-is, yenna : Ay at Isṛail ! A kunwi iḍuɛen Ṛebbi, ḥesset-iyi-d !\nSidi Ṛebbi Illu n wat Isṛail, yextaṛ lejdud-nneɣ, yessefti-ten mi llan di tmurt n Maṣeṛ, yessufeɣ iten id s tezmert-is tameqqrant.\nIḥuder-iten azal n ṛebɛin iseggasen deg unezṛuf n Sinay.\nIssenger sebɛa leǧnas di tmurt n Kenɛan, iwakken a sen-yefk tamurt-nni i lejdud-nneɣ.\nDɣa ssutren i Sidi Ṛebbi a sen-d-yefk agellid ; yefka-yasen-d Caɛul, mmi-s n Qic n wedrum n Benyamin, yuɣal d agellid fell-asen azal n ṛebɛin iseggasen.\nLameɛna Sidi Ṛebbi yekkes leḥkum i Caɛul, yerra Sidna Dawed d agellid deg umkan-is. Atan wayen i d-yenna fell-as : Ufiɣ Dawed, mmi-s n Yassa, d argaz yellan akken i t-yebɣa wul-iw, ara ixedmen lebɣi-w.\nTura, si dderya n Sidna Dawed i d-ifka Sidi Ṛebbi amsellek i wat Isṛail akken i t-id-yewɛed ; amsellek-agi d Ɛisa.\nUqbel a d-yas Sidna Ɛisa, Yeḥya ibecceṛ țțuba s weɣḍas n waman i wegdud n wat Isṛail.\nAy atmaten ! Ay arraw n Sidna Ibṛahim d wid akk ițțaggaden Sidi Ṛebbi ! I nukkni iwumi i d-ițțuceggeɛ wawal-agi n leslak.\nAxaṭer imezdaɣ n temdint n Lquds d imeqqranen-nsen, ur fhimen ara d acu-t Ɛisa-agi, ur fhimen ara daɣen imeslayen i d qqaṛen di tektabt n lenbiya mkul ass n westeɛfu ; lameɛna xedmen akken i gura di tira iqedsen, mi ḥekmen ɣef Sidna Ɛisa s lmut.\nƔas akken ur s-d-ufin ara sebba s wayes ara ḥekmen fell-as s lmut, ssutren i Bilaṭus ad yefk lameṛ iwakken a t-semmṛen ɣef lluḥ.\nMi gedṛa wayen akk ițwaketben fell-as, ṣubben-t-id seg umidag, rran-t ɣer uẓekka.\nLameɛna Sidi Ṛebbi isseḥya-t-id si ger lmegtin.\nAcḥal wussan nețța ițbeggin-ed iman-is i widak-nni i d-yeddan yid-es si tmurt n Jlili armi ț-țamdint n Lquds ; tura d nutni i d inigan-is zdat n yemdanen meṛṛa.\nDaymi, nukkni tura newwi yawen-d lexbaṛ-agi n lxiṛ. Ayen akken i gewɛed Sidi Ṛebbi i lejdud nneɣ, yedṛa-d tura gar-aneɣ, nukkni yellan d dderya-nsen.\nMi d-yesseḥya Sidi Ṛebbi Sidna Ɛisa, akken yura di Sabur wis-sin : Kečč d mmi, d nekk i k-id-yefkan ɣer ddunit ass-a !\nIhi Sidi Ṛebbi isseḥya-t-id si ger lmegtin iwakken ur irekku ara, akken i t-id-yenna di tira iqedsen : Si Dawed ara wen-d-fkeɣ lbaṛakat yeṣfan, lbaṛakat n tideț i wen weɛdeɣ. +\nYura daɣen : Ur tețțaǧǧaḍ ara ameɛzuz-ik ad yerku zdaxel n uẓekka .\nLameɛna win i d-yesseḥya Sidi Ṛebbi, ur t-yeǧǧi ara ad yerku deg uẓekka.\nIlaq ihi aț-țeẓrem ay atmaten, belli s yisem-is i wen-d-ițțubecceṛ leɛfu n ddnubat.\nKra n win yumnen yis, a s-țwasemmḥen ddnubat-is, ddnubat-nni i ɣef ur tezmirem ara aț-țețwasemmḥem s ccariɛa n Musa.\nIhi ɣuṛ-wat a d-yedṛu yid-wen wayen i d-nnan lenbiya :\nAy imdanen yeččuṛen d zzux, iḥeqqṛen wiyaḍ, dehcet, tenfum syagi ! Axaṭer atan ad xedmeɣ di zzman-nwen yiwet lḥaǧa s wayes ur tețțamnem ara ma yella ḥkan awen-ț-id.\nMi kkren ad ffɣen si lǧameɛ, ḥellelen Bulus d Barnabas iwakken a d-uɣalen ass n ssebt i d-iteddun a d-rnun a d-mmeslayen ɣef wannect nni.\nMi mfaṛaqen, aṭas n wat Isṛail akk-d wid i gkecmen ddin-nsen, tebɛen-d Bulus akk-d Barnabas i sen-ițmeslayen, i ten-inehhun ad ṭṭfen di ṛṛeḥma n Sidi Ṛebbi.\nAss n westeɛfu nniḍen, qṛib tamdint meṛṛa i d-innejmaɛen iwakken ad slen i wawal n Ṛebbi.\nMi walan annect-nni n lɣaci, at Isṛail usmen, sseɛwajen s rregmat ayen i d-yeqqaṛ Bulus.\nLameɛna Bulus d Barnabas nnan-asen ɛinani : I kunwi d imezwura iwumi ilaq ad ițțubecceṛ wawal n Sidi Ṛebbi, meɛna imi ur t-teqbilem ara, tḥusbem iman-nwen ur tuklalem ara tudert n dayem, ihi a nezzi ɣer wid ur nelli ara n wat Isṛail.\nAxaṭer atah wayen i d-yenna Sidi Ṛebbi : Sbeddeɣ-k aț-țiliḍ ț-țafat i leǧnas, aț-țessiwḍeḍ leslak alamma d ixfawen n ddunit.\nLeǧnas ur nelli ara n wat Isṛail feṛḥen mi slan s wannect-agi, țḥemmiden awal n Ṛebbi ; wid akk yețțuheggan i tudert n dayem umnen.\nAwal n Sidi Ṛebbi yețțubecceṛ di mkul amkan n tmurt.\nLameɛna at Isṛail sḥeṛcen imeqqranen n temdint akk-d d kra n tilawin timeṛkantiyin i gettabaɛen ddin n wat Isṛail ; sekkren-d aqehheṛ ameqqran ɣef Bulus d Barnabas, ssufɣen-ten si tmurt-nsen.\nBulus d Barnabas zwin aɣebbaṛ n iḍaṛṛen-nsen , ṛuḥen ɣer temdint n Ikunyum.\nMa d inelmaden ijdiden, ččuṛen d lfeṛḥ akk-d Ṛṛuḥ iqedsen.


url: =Grammar Search "sphaṭikas" has 1 results.\nsphaṭikas: masculine nominative singular stem: sphaṭika\nWordnet Search "sphaṭikaḥ" has 3 results.\nacchaḥ, sphaṭikaḥ, kailāsaḥ, sphaṭaḥ\nupalaprakāraḥ pāradarśakaḥ śvetaḥ upalaḥ।\nmama pitre ekena brāhmaṇena acchaḥ pradattaḥ।\nParse Time: 1.093s Search Word: sphaṭikaḥ Input Encoding: IAST IAST: sphaṭikas


url: =tamacahut Archives - Timucuha\nTaddart n Lqalus tura trab.Qqaren asmi-tt mazal tebded, yella deg-s yiwen uḥeddad yesεa cci, yerna γur-s tameṭṭut tzad di ṣṣifa.Yiwen wass qqimen kra n lγaci la heddren di tejmaɛt, inṭeq-d yiwen yenna-as : -Lemmer ad iyi tcehhdem, ad-kkseγ i uḥeddad tameṭṭut is. Nnan as: – I kecc s lεaqel ik? Yenna-asen: Ṛeggemt iyi kan ar ad yi-tcehdem. Ṛeggemn-as( weɛden-as) . Iruḥ ar tejmaɛt n ccraε,yenna-asen: -Sliγ i uḥeddad yebra i tmeṭṭut is n tlata fi tlata. Ihi yekks as-tt ccraε. Aqli nekk bγiγ ad tt-aγeγ. Nnan as : – D lmuḥal ! Yenna yasen 😀 ayen ẓṛan medden . Nnan as : -Awid inagan . Iruḥ yewwi-d inagan widen akken i as-iṛeggmen di tejmaɛt. Cehden as. Tajmaɛt teḥkem tennebra tmeṭṭut. Truḥ. yuɣ- itt urgaz-nni. γer taggara uγalen armi kksen i uḥeddad ula d tiferkiwin is. Tella di taddart n Lqalus yiwet temγart tegra-d waḥd-s, ur tesεi ḥedd. Tewwḍ-d tefsut; bdan medden la teffγen γer tferkiwin-nnsen. Ala tamγart nni acku ulac wara teğğ deg uxxam is . Ass-nni truḥ, s aḥeddad tru-yas. Yenna-yas : -Ma tebγiḍ ad am-ggeγ ttawil. Tenna-yas :- Lemmer ad txedmeḍ tinna… Yenna-yas :- Ad am-xedmeγ tasekkart ara yetteskkiren axxam-im si beṛṛa. Di lweqt-nni tiwwura ttsekkirent kan si sdaxel.At taddart, akken walan tamγart, mi tsekker…\nZik-nni deg yiwet n tmurt, yella yiwen n ugellid d aferḍas. Yiwen deg wid akk i iḥkem ur yeẓri neɣ ur yesli s tifeɣedt n ugellid-nsen. Yiwen wass n unebdu, tidi tettcercur ɣef wudem-is d uqerruy-is, agellid yeṭall yeffes yerna zelmeḍ, mi iwala yiwen ur yelli yekker yekkes tacacit-is ad yesfeḍ tidi yerna iɣeẓẓa-t uqerruy-is, yebɣa ad t-yekmez. Tban-d tgernuzt-is amzun d taneẓruft, yiwen n unẓad ur t-yesɛi. Mazal ur yerri tacacit-is almi i d-yekcem yiwen seg yiqeddacen-is. Yufa-t-id akken aqerruy ɛeryan, alammi d ass-nni i yeḥṣa umeɣbun n uqeddac s tifelɣedt n ugellid-is. Agellid yettwafḍeḥ, yeqqim irekkem seg zzɛaf, yeṭṭef aqeddac n twaɣit deg lexnaq yenna-as:”Lufan ad sleɣ yeffeɣ wawal ɣef wayen teẓriḍ, netta yettwehhi ɣer tbelɣust-is, ad k-kkseɣ aqerruy-ik. Aqeddac ittergigi am usaflaw, yeggul s uqerruy-is d win n warraw-is ur yeqqar i yiwen lbaḍna n ugellid. Yeffeɣ meskin s tazzla d tergagayt. Wissen acḥal n wussan i yezrin, aqeddac ameɣbun yesɛedda-ten deg liqliq, ulac amḍiq i-t-yewwin. Ala Rebbi d netta i yeẓran s tifelɣedt n ugellid. Yeqqim yewḥel. Tinin yebɣa ad yini i lɣaci merra d akken agellid-nsen d afelɣad maca yugad tamettant, ur yettu ara ayen iɣef t-iweɛɛed ugellid u yerna yeggul. Zik ulac limin ḥanet….\nYella yiwen ugellid, yiwet n tikkelt yessemger. Yuki d-yiman-is belli tfuk-as tezmert. Imi akka issunefk-as ad irr yiwen nniḍen deg wemdiq-is maca amek ar-a yeg akken ad-yaf win gef acu ar-a yettkel izemren i tgelda . Yufa-d tikti akka yenna i lgaci : -kra n win igur-s baba-s ur yemmut ara, a-t-yezlu. Kkren lgaci n tmmurt nni zlan akk babat-sen anagar yiwen ur t izl’ara. Mi yewweḍ ar baba-s, inna-yas akka d wakka. Imir nni yerna ugellid yenna-yasen a-y-id-tawim seksu gef acciwen n yezgaren. Azekka nni yal wa amek s-iga yeqqen aḍebsi ger wacciwen wezger. Wa yeskker takemmust n seksu deg wceṭiḍ yeqn-itt neg yurzi-tt ar yic n wezger, yal wa amek s-iga akken a-s-yawi seksu i wegellid gef yic n wezger. Azekka nni, mi d-yeffeg tanzegt ittwali-d ar lgaci yeqqim seksu yettafeg ar igenni, izgaren nni, asmuhret, tekker ddunit ar laxeṛt. Anagar yiwen yeṭṭf-ed yiwen wergaz i msegza yid-s a-s-d-irfed tarbuyt n seksu i wgellid. Agellid mi t id-iwala akken, yenna i lgaci nni: -Ruḥet akk anagar wihin umi d-irfed akka wihin tarbuyt ihin. Yenna-yasen, s wurfan : – siwlet-as ! Winna mi d-yewweḍ ar ugellid. Agellid yenna-yas : -Amek nnig i lgaci a-y-id-tawim seksu gef acciwen n yezgaren, keč tewwiḍ iyi-d argaz. Wagi d-argaz mači d-azger…\nAmacahu, ad telhu, ad teḍbeɛ am usaru ad tuɣal annect n ujga. Zik-nni tella yiwet n tyaziḍt deg yiwet n taddart tettidir nettat d warraw-is deg telwit. Ɣur-s mraw n yigdaḍ, tẓa deg-sen kif-kif-iten deg tiɣmi, d imellalen akk, ma d wis mraw yemgarrad ɣef yimezwura, ur yelli d amellal am nutni : netta d azeggaɣ am tfelfelt . Ɣef waya i t-ɣunzan watmaten-is deg uxxam d tizziwin-is deg berra. Ur t-ttaǧǧan ara ad yurar yid-sen, yerna ttaḍsan fell-as. Akka i s-xeddmen seg mi ara d-yali wass alamma yeɣli yiṭij ttɛayaren-t : Tifelfelt tazeggaɣt… tifelfelt taqerḥant… Agdiḍ azeggazɣ meskin yettarra kan ɣer wul-is, seg mi ara d-yekker yekres unyir-is, yezga d uḥzin kra yekka wass, ur yessin la taḍsa la anecraḥ. Yiwen wass, tekker-d yemma-s tanezzayt am wakken tuɣ tannumi teḥseb tarwa-s, tufa tẓa n yifrax imellalen, wis mraw, azeggaɣ-nni ulac-it. Tessawel, tessawel, tuzzel yeffes, tuzzel zelmeḍ , amzun yeffeɣ-itt laɛqel, maca yiwen ur as-d-yerri awal. Teqqim ɣef umnar n tewwurt tettru, tkemmel aḥluli i tasa-s. Afrux azeggaɣ mi iwala yiwen ur t-iḥemmel dɣa yehmel yerra ɣef uqerruy-is.Yerwel ɣef uxxam-nsen, yeǧǧa ɣer deffir atmaten-is i s-yerran ddunit-is d taberkant. Iteddu, iteddu, ur yeẓri anda ara t-awin yisurifen-is armi d-yeɣli yiḍ. Dɣa…