url: =Taghmist n Tiddukla - Utt'un 6\n(ddur't n 5 gher 11 Yulyu 2003)\nAss-a yughal qrib d lmuh'al ad naf Amazigh ur nefki ara kra si ter'wih't-is, seg weksum-is seg wayen yesâa i lmend n tmazight, akken ad d-tidir ... llan ula d wid-n yefkan ah'ric meqqren seg tudet-nsen, llan ula d wid-n yefkan fell-as idammen d wid-n yefkan fell-as tudert-nsen. D anect-a ay d-yessebganen d akken tutlayt-a d yedlse-ines d ayen yellan ghlayen ghur-negh. Tamazight h'emmlen-tt wulawen-nnegh, ttergignt fell-as taswin, yernu llan at'as deg-negh ara yefken fell-as akk ayen sâan akken ad terbeh'. D acu kan, deg wayen yerzan asseqdec-ines deg wennar, tidet ad tt-id-nini kan, ur nexdim ara lh'adja tameqqrant. Akken i s-yenna yiwen, xas nessawed' ad nefk fell-as ler'wah', llan at'as deg-negh ayen i tt-yerran di rrif, amzun di maci fell-as ay ttcan tiyita negh maci fell-as ay sr'uh'en atmaten-nsen. Ass-a, ad ken-id-nesteqsi kan s yiwen westeqsi, ad awen-nini : yella wi izemren ad isemmeh' deg wayen yettwaxedmen si 1949 ar ass-a ? Yella wi izemren ad isemmeh' deg ay! e n yettwaxedmen si 80 ar ass-a ? Yella wi izemren ad isemmeh', ad yenker' negh ad yettu igerdan-nni yefkan ASEGGAS si leâmer'-nsen ghef tutlayt-nnegh ger n 94 d 95 ? Yella win izemren ad yenker' ayen i ghef mmuten warrac d tullas-nnegh, irgazen d tilawin-nnegh, imgharen d temgharin-nnegh deg Tefsut Taberkant d wayen akk ay d-id'efren ? Ur ilaq ad nilit seg wid itettun, wala seg wid inekkr'en lxir. Ur ilaq ad nilit seg wid yettxemmimen kan ghef yiman-nsen, wanag ilaq ad nessittâet ulawen-nnegh u ad nh'ulfu i lqerh' n wigad yemmuten d ldjerh' n wigad yettewten, u mazal-iten ttrun ar ass-a. D acu-tt tutlayt-agi tamaynut ay d agh-d-ikecmen ? Seg wansi ay d-tekka yernu deg wacu ay tif tamazight ? Yella kra n lxir i gh-tettalas alammi ara tt-nerr d nettat ay d tutlayt i yes nettmeslay ss'beh', tameddit ? negh bitt, fell-as ay mmuten negh ttewten watmaten d teysetmatin-nnegh ? Mmektit-d mlih' ayen iâeddan, tmeyyzem ghef wamek llant lumur' ass-a ... ma llan wid izemren ad semmh'en deg! wayen iâeddan, akken ad fken cciâa i wayen ur tt-nuklal ... nekni ad awen-nin "Ulac ssmah', ulac".\nAzul fell-awen akken ma tellam s weqcic s teqcict, s wergaz s tmett'ut. Di tazwara, ad awen-d-inigh tanemmirt [d] tameqrant i terbaât n tiddukla tadelsant Imedyazen i iqeddcen ghef temsalt n tmazight i yeânan Tafriqt Ugafa d wegdud-is, maca llan at'as n wawalen i tesseqdacem s taâr'abt, llan di tentalyin timazighin nnid'en, amedya(lekdeb=tikerkas) di tcawit (mazal=werâd) di tcawit d temzabit, yehdar=yutlay di tcawit, dgha anect-agi yeqqar-d d akken tamazight maci d taqbaylit kan. Ssaramegh ad iligh d ameltagh di tiddukla-yagi,acku akken ma nella nessaram ad d-tufrar tutlayt-nnegh, ad tt-id-nezdi, ad tughal am tutlayin n umad'al s umata. Tanemmirt d tamuqrant sgher umatwen Youba Acawi seg Wawras.\n... Maci seg wass ar azekka (jour au lendemain) ay nezmer ad nughal ad nesseqdac tamazight "tazedgant 100%", imi at'as n medden ur tt-nessin ara ass-a, at'as n medden ur nfehhem ara awalen-agi. Ghef waya, nekni nesmenyaf (nextar) ad ten-id-nessekcam cwit', cwit' deg yed'risen-nnegh yernu ilaq ad asen-nefk i medden at'as n ttawilat i yes ara lemden digh nitni i yiman-nsen awalen-agi, ayen d-qesdegh netta d imawalen n tmazight tatrart. D tidet, maci ala kan d taqbaylit ay d tamazight, d acu kan a gma, nekni d tagi kan ay nessen. Nebgha lemmer ad nwali Imazighen nnid'en a d-ttarun ula d nitni "iqent'aren" n yed'risen (textes) s tentalyin-nsen, dgha yal yiwen deg-negh ad yesâu d acu ara igher s wawal n wiyad' yernu ad yelmed awal-nsen, nebgha ad d-yawed' wakud (lweqt) i deg ara tebdu tmazight teddukul, ad d-tbanent deg-s talghiwin (formes) yedduklen, ad d-tbanen deg-s wawalen ara icerken Imazighen merr'a, d acu kan, anect-a werâad d-yebdi negh xas ma yebda-d, mazal ghezzif ! w ebrid akken ad nawed' s ayen nessaram ...\nSingapur : at'as n tutlayin, at'as n yegduden\nSghur n Amy J. Moyer\n[Aqeddem : Singapur, ay yellan d tamurt tamect'uh't ay d-yuzgan di Asya n wenz'ul agmud'an (sud-est), d tamurt i deg ttidiren wat'as n yegduden, u ttmeslayen deg-s at'as n tutlayin. Anabad' (gouvernement) n tmurt-agi yesbedd-d tasertit (politique) i yes ara yerr taglizit d tutlayt i yes tteddu tmurt, am wakken ara tttwah'erzent tutlayin nnid'en, tid umi semman n "yegduden", akken yis-sent ara lemden yelmez'yen idelsan d wansayen-nsen. D acu kan, tagnit deg wennar tewâer' ugar n wakken i tt-yettmuqul unabad'. Yugh lh'al, xas anabad' asingapuri iqeddec ghef wamek ara yeh'rez tutlayin n yegduden-is, maca maci merr'a tutlayin ay ssawalen di Singapur ttwah'erzent, yernu kra seg Yisingapuriyen ttawd'en bitt alamma sr'uh'en tutlayt d yedles-nsen ghef idra n tsertit-agi. Yugh lh'al, di tmurt am Singapur, i deg tt'uqqten yegduden, adennit (labudd) ad tili tutlayt, xas d taberr'anit, ara fehhmen merr'a yegduden-is yernu yis-s ay tez! m er ad d-tili teywalt (communication) wagar-asen. D acu kan, si tama nnid'en, tasertit n Singapur akken ad teh'rez tutlayin n yegduden-is ur telli d tin iâedlen ger n tutlayin merr'a n tmurt-a. Di lweqt i deg Icinwaten a xeddmen ayen umi zemren akken ula d nitni ad sâun tutlayt-nsen tedjhed di tmurt-a (xas ma yella atni a ttsemmih'en di tentalyin-nsen tines'liyin), igduden nnid'en n Singapur, i sen-d-yeqqimen kan ad qeblen tasertit-agi n unabad' ara iteddun akken ad temh'u at'as n tutlayin si tmurt-a. Amagrad-agi yettqeddimagh-d amek ay llant tutlayin di tmurt n Singapur, amek ara ixeddem unabad' akken ad yessemsawi lumur' di tmurt i deg tt'uqtent tutlayin am ta, d wamek ara yekkat akken ad ilin Yisingapuriyen d wid ara yissinen tutlayin i yes ara nefâen tamurt-nsen. D acu kan, si tama nnid'en, nezmer digh ad naf deg-s tagnit is'eâben i deg ttidirent tutlayin timect'ah' sdat n tutlayin "umi meqqer ccan", di tmurt-a, i deg taglizit d nettat ay d tutlayt "tagraghlant" yekksen akk cc! i âa i tiyad', ma d tacinwat d nettat digh ay d tutlayt n tuget deg yimezdaghen n tmurt. Afud igerrzen]\nMi ara yerzu kra umerray (touriste) yettmeslayen taglizit ghef Singapur, ad yaf iman-is mlih' dinna mi ara d-yers seg usafag (avion). Igalisen n unafag (panneaux de l'aéroport) merr'a uran s teglizit, igalisen n webrid kifkif, yernu tuget akk di medden zemren ad fehmen taglizit ay yettmeslay, imi ah'ric meqqren di Singapur s teglizit ay ilehh'u. D acu kan, ayen ara iweâr'en ghef umerray ara d-yerzun ghef Singapur netta d afham n wawal-nni ay ttmeslayen wat'as n Yisingapuriyen s uh'ar'ef, d awal icuban taglizit, maca ur yezmir ara uberr'ani ad t-yefhem. Tutlayt-a ay yettmeslay wegdud qqaren-as tasinglict (singlish). Yugh lh'al, tasinglict d talgha (forme) n teglizit-nni ay llan sseqdacen-tt di Singapur di tallit n tehrest (colonisation), u llan wid i s-yeqqaren d ajeggeh' kan n tutlayt taglizit. Tajerr'umt (grammaire) akk d umawal n tutlayt-a, ay yebnan di las'el ghef wid n teglizit, kecmen-ten-id at'as n yilugan (règles) akk d wawalen n tutlayt tamalizit (n Malizya) akk! d thokkient yellan d yiwet si tentalyin n Ccinwa. Dgha, maci ala kan deg weghdebbu (accent) d went'aq akk d wawalen ay temxallaf tsinglict ghef teglizit. Rnu-yas s aya, tutlayt-a ur telli d tigellilt, wanag d tutlayt ay ttmeslayen wat'as n medden deg wat'as n tegnatin di Singapur, yernu at'as seg wid ur tt-nessin ara, ur ttazmaren ara ad tt-fehmen, xas ssnen taglizit.\nDi tsinglict, mi ara d ak-yini wabâad' "Where got?", ad tghiled' d asteqsi ay k-id-yesteqsa, maca netta yeqsed-d ad ak-yini d akken ur yumin ara kra n tghawsa negh yebgha ad tt-yeskiddeb [am mi ara d-nini s tmazight : "maci d ss'eh'"]. Ma iwala-k kra n bab n th'anut a tettmuquled' gher sselâa-s, ad ak-yini ‘Kairh ai hep choo?’, d ayen ara d-nini s teglizit ay nnum "Can I help you?" [dgha yella wemgerrad meqqren deg went'aq ger n snat-agi n tutlayin]. Ma yenna-yak-d win yettmeslayen tasinglict "dirty" ghef kra n waxxam, ur d-yeqsid ara d akken axxam-nni "yumes", akken ad ara tt-yefhem wemdan yesnen taglizit tamagnut (commune), wanag yeqsed-d d akken axxam-nni yettwamlek. "Is it?" d tanfalit (expression) ay sseqdacen wid yettmeslayen tutlayt-a i lmend n wesmesxer negh ma ur ten-yettaâdjab ara kra, mi ara ten-yessewhem kra [akken d-neqqar "d leâdjeb !"], mi ara yilin ur th'iqqen ara ghef kra [akken d-neqqar nekni "wissen"], negh mi ara d ak-inin d akken ur uminen ara! ayen d asen-tennid'. Tanfalit-agi n "Is it?" zemren ad tt-sqedcen i yiman-is negh rennun-tt-id tikwal gher tgara n tefyirt (phrase). Ma d tafyirt "You can drop here", iqsed-d yis-s bab-is d akken "tzemred' ad teffghed' sya". Yugh lh'al, anabad' (gouvernement) asingapuri ur yefki ara akk azal i tsinglict yernu d taglizit tizeght (standart) ara yesnernay di tmurt-is. Deg yiwet n tdiwennit ay d-yeffghen si melmi kan deg weghmis n The Strait Times, yemmeslay-d uneghlaf ameqqran, Lee Kaun Yew, ghef tsiglict, yenna-d fell-as : "tettkemmil kan deg ujeggeh' n tutlayt yernu anect-a ur d agh-d-yettawi ara akk lfayda. Anect-a yezmer ad yesâu azal i yimassanen n tutlayt maca ur yesâi ara akk azal i tmetti". (The Strait Times Interactive, 12 Yunyu, 2000).\nYugh lh'al, maci d ayen yessewhamen ma nenna-d d akken tasinglict tughal d yiwet si tutlayin timeqqranin akk n Singapur. Tigduda n Singapur d yiwet n tmurt tamuct'uh't i deg ttidiren wat'as n yegduden yernu ttmeslayen at'as n tutlayin. Tuzga-d tmurt-agi deg wenz'ul (sud) n Malizya, yernu tella deg-s yiwet n tegzirt tameqqrant akk d wazal n xemsin n tegzirin timect'ah' ay d-iqerben ghur-s. Di 20 n yiseggasen-agi iâeddan, tughal Singapur d tamurt tatrart (moderne) yuz'an mlih' gher sdat, yernu terbeh' mlih' tdamsa-yines (économie). Asseqdec n teglizit di Singapur yettekka mlih' deg wesnerni n tmurt-a akk d rrbeh'-yines. D taglizit ay d tutlayt n leqdic di Singapur, yernu d nettat ay d tutlayt ay fehhmen akk medden di tmurt-a. Imi si zik ara d-ttasen yiminigen gher Singapur, ass-a, tamurt-a tesâa at'as n yegduden ay yettidiren deg-s. Imezdaghen-agi ixeld'en n tmurt-a simmal ara ttaddjan tutlayin-nsen akken ad mmeslayen taglizit, yernu anect-a id'erru-d s lâejlan si tsuta (! l djil) gher tayed'. Xas ma yella Singapur tesâa r'ebâa n tutlayin timens'abin (officielles), d taneglizit ay d tutlayt ay smenyafayen medden, yernu simmal ara ttnernin wid ara tt-yettmeslayen ama di berr'a, ama deg wexxam.\nKra seg umezruy n Singapur akk d wawwad' n yiminigen imezwura ghur-s\nXas ma yella amezruy n Singapur d aqdim at'as, ayen yesâan azal meqqren akk deg-s netta d asmi ay yewwed' ghur-s Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles deg waggur n Yennayer n 1819. Mi akken ay yewwed' Raffles gher tegzirt-agi, yufa-n deg-s yiwet n taddart tamect'uh't n 150 n yimezdaghen dgha yugh tigizrt-agi ghef yiwen n ukerwa n yilel (maître de la mer) isem-is Abdul Rahman yernu yerra-tt d ayla n Tkebbanit Tabrit'anit n Lhend Tagmud'ant (Tacerqit). Dindin kan tughal Singapur d asagen (port) irebh'en. Di 1826, tughal Singapur d ah'ric si Thersin n Yekriz'en (Colonies des Détroits), am nettat am Penang d Malacca [di Malizya]. Ma di 1867, tughal Singapur, akk d Thersin-nni n Yekriz'en d Tahrest seg Uqacuc Abrit'ani.\nIminigen n Ccinwa, n Lhend, n Malizya akk d tegzirin n Indunisya llan-d si ger n yimezwura ay d-yewwd'en gher Singapur, akken kan d-sbedden asagen-ines. Leh'kem abrit'ani akk d tewwura yeldin ghef tnezzawt (commerce) di Singapur d ayen ay yeddjan at'as n medden ad d-inigen ghur-s si Ccinwa. At'as seg Yicinwaten-nni ay d-yewwd'en gher din d wid yellan ttwalasen tt'laba dgha llan ssexdamen-ten di tmurt-a. Ma d iminigen Ihendiyen, bdan ttasen-d gher din seg wasmi ay d-yewwi Raffles kra seg-sen deg yiserdasen-is. Imi ay zemren ad xedmen di Singapur di inawaren (forctionnaires) n unabad', d imestekniyen (techniciens), d iselmaden negh d imzenza (commerçants), at'as n Yihendiyen ay d-yinigen gher din si Penang, Lhend akk d Sri Lanka. Di 1823, tughal Singapur d amd'iq i gher d-ttawin imeh'bas, dgha ughalen ttusexdamen yimeh'bas ihendiyen di lebni n yizudagh (bâtiments), n yiberdan akk d tqent'yar.\nUqbel n 1860, imezdaghen n Singapur llan h'essben-ten s uqerru, yernu d tamsulta (police) ay d-ilehhun d wanect-a. Di 1860, yettwaxdem wuddun (recensement) amens'ab amenzu, yernu ufan-d d akken llan imir-n 80.792 n yemdanen di tmurt-a. Zik-nni, ala kan d Imaliziyen ay yellan zedghen di Singapur, d acu kan, ur âett'len ara ughalen Yicinwaten d nitni ay yett'uqqten dinna.\nDi 1824, llan 10.683 n yimezdaghen di Singapur, gar-asen 60 % d Imaliziyen, 31 % d Icinwaten akk d 7 % d Ihendiyen. Ma di 1830, ughalen Yicinwaten d nitni ay yett'uqqten akk ger n yimezdaghen n tmurt-a, yernu mazal-iten ara ass-a d nitni ay tigti (majorité). Di 1867, wwd'en Yicinwaten gher 65 % (55.000) seg yimezdaghen n Singapur, yernu anect ay yellan a d-yettawed' d iminigen icinwaten yettnadin leqdic yella yettbeddil seg useggas gher wayed'. Ghef umedya, di 1880, wwd'en-d 50.000 n yiminigen si Ccinwa, di lweqt i deg di 1912, wwd'en-d 250.000. Ihokkienen (Hokkien), Iteochewen (Teochew), Ikant'uniyen akk d Yihakkaten si trebbaâ timeqqranin akk ay yellan ttawd'ent-d si Ccinwa. Seg wasmi ay d-yebda yinig gher Singapur, d Ihokkienen akk d Yiteochewen ay yett'fen tanezzawt (commerce), ma d Ikant'uniyen qeddcen s umata di tfellah't, maca kra deg-sen qeddcen digh di yined' (artisanat), bennun ixxamen n wesghar, ttxid'in negh qeddcen d ih'eddaden.\nD asnulfu n yigherruba ay iteddun s yiraggen akk d tullya n terga n Suez di 1869 ay yeddjan tadamsa n Sigapur ad tennerni. Tughal Asya n Wenz'ul agmud'an (sud-est) d tama yettwassnen s ussuffegh (exportation) n kawatcu akk d uhellun (étain), yernu tughal Singapur d yiwen seg yisugan imeqqranen akk deg wemd'al. Di 1921, bnan Yebrit'aniyen di tmurt-a yiwen n wabud' awlal (base navale) meqqren, d win ay tt'fen Yijapuniyen deg Wemgaru Amad'lan (Guerre mondiale) wis sin asmi ay ttf'en Singapur si Fur'ar' n 1942 alamma d Ctember' n 1945.\nDi 1946, tughal Singapur d tahrest i yiman-is di Tqacuct Tabrit'anit, asmi ay ttwakksent Thersin n Yekriz'en. Di 1959, tettunefk-as tfulmant (autonomie) i Singapur xas ma yella Brit'anya tella mazal-itt d nettat ay d-yelhan d laman akk d lumur' n berr'a n tmurt-a. Ma di 1963, tekcem Singapur gher Tfidir'alit n Malizya, am nettat am tmiwa n Malaya, Sabah d Sarawak. D acu kan, di Ghect n 1965, temsebd'a-d Singapur ghef Malizya yernu tughal d tigduda timziregt (indépendante) i yiman-is. Xas ma yella ass n uzarug n Singapur d ass n 9 Ghect 1965, kemmlen yiserdasen Ibrit'aniyen ttilin dinna alammi d taggara n 1971.\nTasertit n tutlayin di tallit n uâeddi s azarug\nAdabu abrit'ani n tallit n tehrest ur yefki ara azal meqqren i tsertit n tutlayin (politique linguisitque) di Singapur, menghir asselmed n tmalizit i Yimaliziyen deg ugherbaz amenzu, dgha alammi ay tewwed' Singapur gher tallit n uâeddi s azarug (période de transition) i d wakken ay d-yed'ra ubeddel di tsertit n usselmed n tutlayin. Di 1946, yerra udabu asselmed bat'el yernu s r'ebâa n tutlayin timeqqranin n tmurt, tacinwat, tamalizit, tatamilt (tamil) [d tutlayt ay ttmeslayen di kra n tmiwa n Lhend akk d Sri Lanka], akk d teglizit. Di 1955, yerra unabad' tutlayin-agi merr'a kifkif-itent di tmurt. Di 1956, yughal usselmed deg yigherbazen imenza d win ay d-yettilin s snat n tutlayin, s teglizit akk d kra n tutlayt tayemmat, yernu asselmed deg ugherbaz wis sin (secondaire) d win ay d-yettilin s 3 n tutlayin, dgha ughalen yinelmaden a lemmden tutlayt-nsen tanes'lit, u rennun lemmden taglizit akk d tmalizit. "Tughal teglizit d nettat ay d tutlayt yesâan azal di tdamsa yernu ! d nettat ay d tutlayt timserreh't ay fehhmen medden s umata. Ma d asselmed n tutlayt tacinwat, n tmalizit akk d ttamilt d ayen ttwalin yesâa azal i lmend n weh'raz n "wazalen imensayen" (valeurs traditionnelles)". ( J. Tan, - deg umagrad-is n Yunyu, 1997 : Education and colonial transition in Singapore and Hong Kong: comparisons and contrasts. Comparative Education, 33).\nAss-a, tuget deg yinelmaden n Singapur qqaren deg ugherbaz n unabad' ay yesseqdacen taglizit d tutlayt n usselmed. Ma igherbazen usligen n Singapur, d wid i deg qqaren kan yiberr'aniyen negh wid ay ixes'ren tizrawin-nsen deg ugherbaz n unabad'. Deg yigherbazen yesseqdacen taglizit, ilaq ghef yinelmaden ad lemden tutlayt nnid'en, tin yettusemman d tutlayt n wegdud-nsen, am nettat am tnegwa (matières) nnid'en. S waya, Icinwaten qqaren tamandarint (mandarin), Imaliziyen qqaren tamalizit, ma d Ihendiyen qqaren tatamilt xas ma yella tutlayin-a ur llint ara d tutlayin tiyemmatin n kra n yinelmaden [imi di tmura akka am Ccinwa negh Lhend, maci akk imezdaghen-nsent ttmeslayen tamandarint negh tatamilt]. Rnu-yas s anect-a, citt'ah' kan mad'i n yinelmaden isingapuriyen umi d-yetts'ah' ad lemden tutlayt tis tlata (am talmanit, tafr'ensist negh tajapunit) negh ad lemden yiwet si tutlayin-nni "tiyemmatin" nnid'en ay sselmaden deg ugherbaz asingapuri, tid ur nettusemma ara d tutlayt-! n sen tayemmat [dgha, ghef umedya, yewâer'-as i unelmad yesâan las'el-is d ahendi yernu sselmaden-as tatamilt deg ugherbaz, ad yernu ad yelmed tacinwat negh tamalizit, xas ma yella tutlayin-a ttuselmadent deg ugherbaz n Singapur]. Deg umagrad-is ay d-yessuffegh di 1997, deg tesghunt n "Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, yenna-d A. F. Gupta d akken tasertit n usselmed n tutlayt tayemmat di Singapur "d tin ay nezmer ad tt-nwali d ah'err'em seg welmad n tutlayin yesâan azal". D acu kan, at'as n yimawlan ay iqeblen asselmed akka am wagi, imi nitni aghulif-nsen awh'id netta d rrbeh' n warraw-nsen di tezrawin (études). Ma d anabad' yettwali d akken tutlayin yesâan azal d tid ay yettaldin tiwwura ghef rrbeh' n wemdan yernu snernayent timetti gher sdat.\nTagnit i deg llant tutlayin ass-a di tmetti n Singapur\nGhef leh'sab n Ugezdu n Tesnaddant (département de statistiques) n Singapur, di 1990 llan 3.016.400 n yimezdaghen di tmurt-a, di lweqt i deg di 1998, yewwed' wuddun (recensement) gher 3.865.600 n yemdanen. Di 1998, Icinwaten wwd'en gher 77 % seg yimezdaghen n Sigapur, u llan digh 14 % n Yimaliziyen, 7,6 % n Yihendiyen akk d 1,4 % seg yedguden nnid'en. Ula d yiwet si trebbaâ-agi ur teddukel d yiwen kan n wegdud yettmeslayen yiwet kan n tutlayt. Tin n Yicinwaten tefreq ghef 10 n trebbaâ, yal yiwet tesâa tantala-yines, yernu tirebbaâ timeqqranin deg-s d tid n Yihokkienen, Iteochewen, Ikant'uniyen, Ihainaniyen akk d Yihakkaten. Imaliziyen, si tama-nsen, dduklen ugar n Yicinwaten, maca ula d nitni llan deg-sen wid ay yettmeslayen tantala tajavanit (malais javanais) akk d tboyanit (boyanais). Ma d Ihendiyen, llan gar-asen wid yettmeslayen tatamilt am wakken ay llan wid yettmeslayen tamalayalamt, tapenjabit, tahendustanit, tabengalit akk d tgujeratit. Yugh lh'al, 26 n tutlayin! ay ttmeslayen s ujemmal di Singapur.\nMi akken ay tewwi Singapur azarug-ines, r'ebâa n tutlayin ay yerra unabad' n tmurt-a d tutlayin timens'abin : taneglizit, tacinwat tamandarint, tatamilt akk d tmalizit, yernu yesseâdel-itent merr'a deg uz'ayer (statut). "Tlata-nni n tutlayin n yegduden [tamandarint, tatamilt akk d tmalizit] ttwafernent-d akken ad d-sseknent tand'a (diversité) n Singapur, ma d taneglizit tettwafren-d imi ay tella d tutlayt tagraghlant yernu d tutlayt n tnezzawt (commerce), n tussna akk d teknussna (technologie)". Tamandarint, tatamilt akk d tmalizit ttusemmant d "tutlayin tiyemmatin" timens'abin, di lweqt i deg taneglizit tettusemma d "tutlayt tamenzut". D acu kan, maci akken d-yeqqar unabad' ay llant lumur' di tidet. Xas ma yella tamandarint akk d ttamilt ttwafernent-d akken ad d-genssent (représenter) Icinwaten akk d Yihendiyen n Singapur, maca ula d yiwet deg-sent ur telli d tutlayt ay d-lemmden yigerdan icinwaten akk d yihendiyen di twaculin-nsen. Ama ghur Yicinwaten negh ghur Yihend! i yen, tutlayt tayemmat n tidet ay d-ilemmed wegrud d yiwet si tentalyin-nni yett'uqten ay tmeslayen di Ccinwa negh di Lhend. Ala kan d tamalizit ay nezmer ad nwali d tutlayt tayemmat n yigerdan Imaliziyen n Singapur, imi tuget deg-sen d tin ay d-lemmden d tamezwarut. Ma d taglizit, ttafxir ad d-nini fell-as d tutlayt tamenzut n ugherbaz wala ad as-nsemmi kan "tutlayt tamenzut". Ghef leh'sab n Cheah (An overview of language and literacy issues in Singapore), taglizit d nettat ay d tutlayt yesâan az'ayer, d tin umi meqqer ccan yernu tettuseqdac d tutlayt tamenzut; dgha tettuseqdac deg wat'as n yinurar : d nettat ay d tutlayt tamens'abt, d nettat ay d tutlayt n leqdic, d tutlayt ay fehhmen akk medden di tmurt, d tin n ussenfali (expression) n tnettit (identité) taghelnawt, d tutlayt tagraghlant yernu digh, d tutlayt n ddin amsih'i.\nDi 20 n yiseggasen-agi iâeddan, nnernan wid yessnen ad ghren di Singapur. Di lweqt i deg di 1980, 84% deg Yisingapuriyen ay yellan ssnen ad ghren u ad arun, di 1990, wwd'en alammi d 90%. Ma di 1998, wwd'en wid yeghran di Singapur gher 93,1%. At'as seg wid izedghen di Singapur ay yessnen ad mmeslayen at'as n tutlayin. Di 1980, llan kan 34% seg wid yessnen ad ghren s snat n tutlayin negh ugar, ma di 1990, wwd'en gher 47% seg yimezdaghen n Singapur.\nTamusni n tutlayt tayemmat akk d teglizit\nD Ibrit'aniyen ay d imenza ay d-iskecmen taneglizit gher Singapur, d acu kan, d anabad' asingapuri ay yerran tutlayt-agi n tallit n tehrest d tutlayt taghelnawt yettwafhamen di tmurt-a.\nGer n tezwara n yiseggasen n 1970 akk d tgara n yiseggasen n 1980, tughal teglizit d assagh (lien) ger n yegduden merr'a n tmurt, yernu "d myall n tmusni akk d teknussna ara yesnernin tadamsa". Dgha yughal unabad' yessebghas medden akken ad sseqdacen kan taglizit deg wemkan n tentalyin-nsen ama di berr'a negh deg yimukan n leqdic, yernu iqenneâ unabad' imezdaghen n tmurt d akken d taglzit ara sen-yeldin tiwwura s ulzuzen igraghlanen (marchés internationaux) yernu ad ten-teddj ad ughalen d inesbughar. Annerni ay tennerna tdamsa tasingapurit si 1980 d asawen, d ayen ay d-yessknen d akken tamusni n teglizit d ayen ay yeldin tiwwura n unnerni ama i yemdanen, ama i tmurt s lekmal-is.\nTamusni-yagi ay tettwassen teglizit di Singapur d ayen yeddjan kra ad asen-semmin i wat'as n Yisingapuriyen d "isnutlayen -bilingues- yessnen taglizit". Yenna-d Parkir deg yiwen n umagrad-is d akken tasnutlayt (bilinguisme) am ta d tin yettaddjan medden ad issinen tutlayt tagraghlant akk d tutlayt ay ttmeslayen di Singapur (Two tongue tied: bilingualism in Singapore. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 14, 1993). Dgha, win yellan d asnutlay ass-a di Singapur, d win yessnen taglizit akk d kra n tutlayt taghelnawt nnid'en n tmurt-a. Deg yiwet n tezrawt (étude) ay iga ghef yinelmaden n tesdawit, yufa-d Parkir d akken at'as n yinelmaden icinwaten ay yettissinen taneglizit, tamandarint, akk d tentala-nsen tacinwat tanes'lit. Tikwal, zemren ad issinen ula d kra n tentala tacinwat nnid'en akk d kra n tutlayt taberr'anit (tafr'ensist, talmanit, tajapunit) negh tamalizit.\nLh'emla n Ussiwel n Tmandarint\n[Tamandarint d tantala n tcinwat ay fehhmen wazal n 70 % seg yimezdaghen n Ccinwa, yernu fell-as ay tebna tcinwat tizeght -standard- n wass-a]. Am teglizit, ula d tamandarint ttettusemma d yiwet si tutlayin umi meqqer ccan di Singapur, yernu yiwet si tghawsiwin ay tt-yeddjan ad tili akka nettat d Lh'emla n Ussiwel n Tmandarint (The Speak Mandarin Campaign) ay d-yesbedd uneghlaf amezwaru aqbur n Singapur, Mass Lee Kaun Yew. Lh'emla-yagi ay d-yebdan di 1979, tettwaxdem-d ghef snat n ssebbat : yiwet teqqen s asselmed ma d tayed' teqqen gher tmetti. Seg yidis n usselmed, lh'emla-yagi tella-d d akemmel i tsertit tasnutlayt n Singapur, imi ay testeâr'ef d akken taglizit d tutlayt yesâan azal imi d nettat ay d tutlayt n tmurt s umata, di lweqt i deg tamandarint "tessishil asselmed n wazalen idelsanen (valeurs culturelles) akk d wansayen (traditions) i Yicinwayen" [yettidiren di Singapur]. Ma seg yidis n tmetti, tezmer digh ad tessishel tmandarint amsefham ger n Yicinwaten n Si! n gapur, ay yettmeslayen tintalyin yemxallafen, imi ay llan wat'as n Yicinwaten ay yesseqdacen tamandarint, yernu nettat d tutlayt yettarun. Dgha Lh'emla n Ussiwel n Tmandarint d tin ay d-yettilin yal aseggas yernu tgen deg-s ifadden i Yicinwaten akken ad ttmmeslayen ugar tamandarint, dgha yesseqdac unabad' i lmend n waya at'as n ttawilat, gar-asen ilghagduden (mass media), timsirin, asselmed n tmandarint s tilifun akk d tfaskiwin n yisura yettmeslayen s tmandarint.\nYugh lh'al, Lh'emla-yagi tewwi-d lfayda-s di Singapur imi di 1990, 30 % seg Yicinwaten n tmurt-a ay yughalen sseqdacen tamandarint deg wexxam, di lweqt i deg di 1980, llan kan 13% deg-sen ay yettgen aya. Ma d asseqdec n tentalyin ticinwatin deg wexxam yenqes si 76% gher 48% ger n 1980 d 1990. Tughal digh tmandarint tettuseqdac ugar ula deg yimukan n leqdic. D acu kan, mi yettnerni useqdec n tmandarint ghur n Yicinwaten, ula d asseqdec n teglizit deg wexxam yettnerni ghur-sen. Dgha di lweqt i deg llant kan 10% si twaculin ticinwatin yesseqdacen taglizit d tutlayt n wexxam di 1980, wwd'ent di 1990 gher 21%. Yugh lh'al, tamsalt-a n unnerni n wid yesseqdacen taglizit ghur n Yicinwaten n Singapur d ayen iceghben aneghlaf ameqqran Lee Kaun Yew, yernu yenna-d d akken ass-a, mbeâd ma âeddan âecrin n yiseggasen fell-as, Lh'emla-yagi tewwed' kan gher wezgen n webrid, yernu mazal akken ad tawed' s iswi-yines. Deg yiwet n tdiwennit ay d-yeffghen si melmi kan deg weghmis n The Strai! t Times, yenna-d Yew :\n"Ilaq ad as-nergel abrid i wanect-a [asseqdec n teglizit deg yexxamen n Yicinwaten] yernu ad nexdem akken ara teqqim tmandarint d ah'ric si tudert n tmetti tacinwat, am wakken ara nexdem digh akken ur sr'uhu'yen ara medden tamandarint-nsen mi ara âeddin seg welmud wis sin (secondaire) gher welmud aâlayan. Anect-a d ugur meqqren. Ayen yessawad'en medden ad ddjen tutlayt u ad ddmen tayed' netta d tazzla sdeffir n leqdic yelhan akk d unadi n rrbeh' di tudert-is. Ma yella ur d as-nettabdad ara i Lh'emla-yagi n Ussiwel n Tmandarint sya ar sdat, tezmer ad temmet, wanag ma nebded-as, tezmer ad tettnerni tghara-s cwit', cwit'".\nAbeddel n tutlayt akk d waddud* n medden\n(*addud = attitude)\nAkken d-nenna sufella-yagi, imezdaghen n Singapur simmal ara ttbeddilen tutlayin-nsen s teglizit, yernu anect-a id'erru-d s lâejlan ghur yal agdud yettidiren di tmurt-a. Di lweqt i deg tirebbaâ n Yicinwaten akk d Yihendiyen d nitenti i deg ara d-ttilin wat'as n wid yettaddjan tutlayin-nsen akken ad mmeslayen taglizit, ghur n Yimaliziyen, qlilit wid ixeddmen aya. Di lweqt i deg di 1980, llan kan 11,6 % seg Yisingapuriyen yesseqdacen taglizit deg wexxam, di 1990 wwd'en gher 20,3%. Ma d tamandarint, wwd'en wid i tt-yesseqdacen deg wexxam gher 26% seg yimezdaghen n Singapur di 1990, mbeâd ma llan kan 10,2 di 1980. Asseqdec n tentalyin ticinwatin yenqes-d gher 36,7 % di 1990, mbeâd ma llan 59,5 % seg Yisingapuriyen sseqdacen tintalyin-agi di 1980. Di tezrawt (étude) ay gan ghef Yicinwaten Iteochewen di 1997, Wei, Saravanan akk d Hoon ufan-d d akken tarbaât-a s lekmal-is teddja tutlayt-is tanes'lit akken ad temmeslay yiwet si tutlayin timens'abin nnid'en n Singapur. Imassanen! - agi ttwalin d akken ghur n Yiteochewen "tamandarint akk d teglizit simmal ara yettnerni useqdec-nsent di twacult, di lweqt i deg zik-nni d tateochewt kan ay llan sseqdacen-tt". (Language shift in the Teochew community in Singapore: A family domain analysis. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 18. 1997). Ssebbat yessawd'en s anect-a nitenti d tisertiyin n unabad', d az'ayer n tutlayin [imi tamandarint akk d teglizit sâant az'ayer di lweqt i deg tateochewt ur t-tesâi ara], d attekki n yelghaduden [deg uselh'u n tmandarint akk d teglizit], amgerrad (lxilaf) yellan ger n tsuta (ledjyal), iswiren n welmad, addaden (attitudes) n medden akk d wemkan ay tesâa tutlayt di tmetti akk d tdamsa n tmurt. Gupta akk d Yeok nnan-d d akken "abeddel n tutlayt di Singapur yella-d s lâejlan meqqren, imi deg wat'as n twaculin, ala kan yiwet n tsuta (ldjil) ay yettissinen at'as n tutlayin yernu mazal tessen tutlayt tanes'lit [di lweqt i deg tisutyin timeqqranin ttissinent kan! tutlayt tanes'lit, ma d tisutyin timez'yanin, xas lemmdent-d at'as n tutlayin seg ugherbaz negh si berr'a, ur ttisinent ara tutlayt tanes'lit]. Anect-a yessawed' alammi ughalen lejdud akk d warraw n warraw-nsen ur ttmeslayen ara s yiwet n tutlayt [dgha ur ttazmaren ara ad msefhamen u d anect-a ara yerren imez'yanen ur ttazmaren ara ad d-lemden kra seg yemgharen]". (Language shift in a Singaporean family. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 16. 1995 ). Yernu sin-agi n yimassanen ttwalin d akken ayen yessawed'en s anect-a netta d assebghes (encouragement) ay yessebghas unabad' medden akken ad sseqdacen tamandarint akk d teglizit. Ma d Imaliziyen, si tama-nsen, dduklen ugar n trebbaâ nnid'en yettidiren di Singapur yernu mazal-iten ttkemmilen sseqdacen tamalizit deg wexxam, xas ulamma ula d nitni nnernan ghur-sen citt'ah' wid yesseqdacen taglizit di twacult.\nTaglizit akk d tmandarint ttwah'esbent d tutlayin umi meqqren ccan di Singapur, yernu tamandarint meqqren ccan-is ugar n tmalizit akk d ttamilt imi amur meqqren di medden d tin ay yettmeslay yernu tettâawan-itt digh Lh'emla n Ussiwel n Tmandarint ay d-yettilin yal aseggas. Saravanan yufa-d d akken tiwaculin ticinwatin smenyafayent ad sqedcent taglizit deg wakk leqdicat-nsent sdaxel n twacult [taghuri, tira, timesliwt n rr'adyu negh assiked tilibizyu]. Ma d Imaliziyen, xas smenyafayen ula d nitni digh taglizit deg wanect-a, maca d tamalizit ay sseqdacen mi ara ttmeslayen wagar-asen. Itamilen, si tama-nsen, sseqdacen tatamilt ala kan i weâbad, di lweqt i deg sseqdacen taglizit di merr'a leqdicat-nsen nnid'en sdaxel n twacult.\nIlaq ad d-nger tamawt d akken xas medden ttah'qaren tantalyin di Singapur, maca ur a ttah'qaren ara igduden ay tent-yettmeslayen. Wei, Saravanan akk d Hoon ufan-d di tezrawt-nsen ghef tcinwat tateochewt d akken tuget deg Yiteochewen ttwalin d akken tamusni n tteochewt ur tesâi ara azal meqqren di tnettit (identité) n wegdud-nsen. Dgha at'as seg Yiteochewen ay steqsan yimannanen-agi ghef wanect-a, nnan-asen-d : "Ur d-cliâegh ara ma yella tr'uh' tutlayt tateochewt"; "Akken yebghu yili, maci at'as n tegnatin ara d iyi-d-yetts'ah'en akken ad mmeslayegh tateochewt"; "Ttwaligh d akken ma tessned' ad temmeslayed' tamandarint akk d teglizit, ber'ka-k"; "Nekk d Ateochew, d tidet. Lulegh-d d Ateochew, ur zmiregh ara ad beddlegh aya. Ur ttmeslayegh ara tutlayt-iw, maca mazal-iyi d Ateochew." "Asseqdec n tteochewt ur yesâi ara azal meqqren di tmetti, ihi aygher ara d'eggâegh lweqt-iw akken ad tt-lemdegh?".\nWei, Saravanan akk d Hoon ufan-d digh d akken wid ur nessin ara taglizit ttwah'qare s wat'as di Singapur. Asingapuri ay d-ilulen mbeâd n Wemgaru (Guerre), yernu ur yessin ara ad yemmeslay taglizit d win ay ttwalin Yisingapuriyen d "anâaybu di tmetti" (handicapé social) yernu attekki-yines di lebni n tmurt ur meqqer ara at'as. Ma Icinwaten n Singapur ur nettmeslay ara tamandarint, ttwalin-ten digh d inekkar'en n tjaddit, yernu ur sâin ara idles. Simmal ara ttnernint teglizit akk d tmandaritn deg yinurar n tudert n tmurt, simmal ara tth'ulfun medden d akken ur h'wadjen ara ad tt'fen di tentalyin-nsen. Tewwed' teglizit alammi ay tughal d tutlayt n wat'as n twaculin. Ghef wakken nezemer ad nwali, Isingapuriyen ddan d tsertit n unabad' ay yettwalin d akken taglizit d nettat ay d tasarut n rrbeh' n yemdanen akk d win n tmurt s lekmal-is.\nIcqaren* n Uzekka\n(*acqar = défis)\nAkken ay d-nenna sufella-yagi, taglizit n Singapur, tin umi qqaren "tasinglict", attan a tettnerni ghef wakken nezmer ad nwali, imi simmal ara ttnernin Yisingapuriyen yesseqdacen taglizit. Yernu xas ma yella tutlayt-a ur telli deg wahilen (programmes) wala deg yeswan n unabad', simmal ara tettughal mechur'et ghur medden. Deg yiwet n tmurt i deg medden tissinen at'as n tutlayin, ayen ilaqen ghef unabad' akk d yiselmaden netta d leqdic akken ara rren medden-agi d isnutlayen (bilingues) ara inefâen iman-nsen u ad rnun tamurt. Yugh lh'al, Singapur teh'wadj isnutlayen ara izemren ad mselghun (communiquer) wagar-asen yernu zemren ad mselghun akk d yimezdaghen nnid'en n wemd'al. Dgha yeqqar-d Parkir "ur tettazmar ara ad tsemmeh' Singapur di tmetti-yines tasnutlayt (bilinguisme social)". Ihi, di tmetti i deg tt'uqtent tutlayin akk d yegduden, amek ara nwali taglizit ? D tutlayt ay d-yellan d tiqent'ert ger yegduden negh d tin yellan d amihi (danger) ghef tentalyin-nsen tines'li! y in? Ula d Cheah d anect-a ay t-iceghben deg umagrad-is n 1997 (An overview of language and literacy issues in Singapore), i deg i d-yesteqsay ghef wamek ay yezmer ad yili welmad s teglizit d amihi ghef yidelsan akk d wazalen n yegduden. Ma d anabad' asingapuri, si zik ay yettwali d akken d taglizit ay d tutlayt n leqdic yernu d nettat ay yeqqnen Singapur gher wemd'al di lweqt i deg azalen akk d tnettit tadelsant n Singapur ad ttuslemden i tsutyin timez'yanin s tmandarint, s tmalizit negh s ttamilt. D acu kan, amek ay zemren yelmez'yen ad d-wer'ten azalen-nsen idelsanen mi ara yilin lejdud ur zmiren ara ad mmeslayen akk d warraw n warraw-nsen [imi ay mxallafent tutlayin ay ttmeslayen] ?\nAsseqdec n tgelizit di berr'a negh deg wexxam simmal ara yettnerni di Singapur. Mi akka ara yettali wazal n teglizit, Isingapuriyen ttwalin d akken tutlayt-a d nettat ay d tutlayt tawh'idt i yes zemren ad tt-sellken di ddunit-nsen, yernu leqdicat ay d-yessuturen tamusni n teglizit d wid yesâan ccan di tmurt-a. Isingapuriyen qeblen tasertit n tutlayin n unabad' akk d tsertit-is n usselmed asnutlay (éducation bilingue), imi ara ttwalin lfayda ara d-yettawi usseqdec n tutlayt tagraghlant. Ayen i s-yelhan i wemdan yelha-yas digh s wat'as ula i tmurt s umata. Tamurt-agi tamect'uh't tesâa amkan yelhan deg wulzuz (marché) n wemd'al yernu s usseqdec n teglizit ay tessawed' Singapur ad tesserbeh' tadamsa-yines. Akken ad tkemmel Singapur annerni-yines di tdamsa u ad tidir dima di rrbeh' akk d lehna di lqern-agi wis 21, ilaq ad tkemmel teglizit ad teqqim d nettat ay d tutlayt idjehden di tmetti tasingapurit.\nTasuqilt sghur Omar MOUFFOK d H'afid' MESBAH\n<<< Qqel γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 5 Ddu γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 7 >>>


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url: =Taghmist n Tiddukla - Utt'un 2\nAzul fell-awen ay atmaten d teysetmatin\nTanemmirt i wid merr'a ay d agh-d-yuznen tibratin imi ay d-nett'ef tiririyin ay d agh-yesfer'h'en at'as yernu rrant-agh-d asirem u sseknent-d d akken llan at'as n medden ay yesâan tamazight deg wul. Nesnemmir s wat'as wid ay d agh-d-yerran s tmazight, imi ay fehmen mlih' iswi n leqdic-nnegh, am wakken nesnemmir Imazighen ay d agh-d-yuran s tefr'ensist negh s tutlayin nnid'en, u nessutur seg wid yessnen seg-sen tamazight i tikkelt nnid'en, ad agh-d-ttarun kan s tmazight u ad fken azal meqqren i takti n usseqdec n tmazight ger n Yimazighen. Nesnemmir digh s kra n wid ay gh-d-yuran s tutlayin tiberr'aniyin, ama d Imazighen negh d iberr'aniyen, ama d wid ay gh-d-igan ifadden negh d wid ay d-yesteqsan.\nYugh lh'al, nessefray ad tili tebrat-nni ay d awen-nuzen d ah'urif amenzu i lmend n ussider n tutlayt-nnegh, akken ad as-d-nerr ccan-is ghur-negh, nekni s wid tt-yettmeslayen, nekni s yimawlan-is, yernu ur nettak ara fell-as afus.\nMa nenna-d ass-a d akken tamazight attan a tettidir deg yir taswiât, d akken ghef yiri n wecr'uf ay tella, at'as n wid ur d agh-nettamen ara. Ur d agh-ttamnen ara acku ass-a, mazal tzehher teswiât, mazal nezmer ad nsel i Leqbayel ttmeslayen taqbaylit di Tmurt n Leqbayel, negh Irifiyen d Yicelh'iyen ttmeslayen tamazight deg yidurar n Merr'uk. Ur ttamnen ara, acku mazal sellen i temgharin cennunt-d isefra s tmazight-nni n zik, yernu sellen s trebbuyaâ ara ixeddmen akk ayen umi zemrent akken ad slemdent tamazight i wid yellan di Tmurt negh wid yellan di lgherba. D acu kan, tamazight ass-a ur tesâi ara tt'mana, deg wanect-a ay temxallaf d tutlayin nnid'en.\nIlmez'yen d telmez'yin lemmden tafr'ensist d taâr'abt, snat tutlayin-agi ay idjehden di Tmazgha akk d lgherba, dgha ass-agi nettaf at'as deg-negh ur yezmir ad iserreh' yiles-nsen di tmazight akken ay iserreh' di tutlayin tiberr'aniyin. Imgharen d temgharin yest'ent'unen tamazight n lejdud, atni la ttmettaten wa sdeffir wa, ta sdeffir ta, mebla ma necfa i wayen umi cfan(t), u ttaddjan(t)-agh-d taqaâet d tilemt : tamazight nettmeslay ass-a, simmal tettughal d tigellilt, simmal keccment-tt-id tutlayin tiberr'aniyin, ttakent aâer'bun fell-as, akken ad tt-awint sani grarbent tutlayin yemmuten. Ma d inelmaden n tmazight, ama di Tmurt negh di lgherba, akken yebghu yili-ten, ur tt'uqqten ara, yernu ur nezmir ad nessugen (ad nxayel) tamazight tettusider-d di lgherba, yili di tmurt-is attan a tettmettat, imi ay s-qqaren wat zik "win yebgha les'lah', ad yezwir seg wat wexxam".\nD wagi ay d ugur umi ilaq ad as-nfaq uqbel ma ifat lawan imi tutlayt-nnegh ur nezmir ad nefk fell-as afus. Tamawt ay d-nger nekni ass-a, at'as n wid ur s-d-nerri s lexbar, at'as n wid ur a tt-numin ara acku ur a tt-ttwalin ara s wallen-nsen. D acu kan, nessaram d akken ad ilin at'as n wid ara d-yeldin allen-nsen u ad walin talafsa yeffren, tata idergen i tmughli, ad walin d akken yella umihi (danger) ghef tutlayt, xas yiwen ur a d-yettmeslay fell-as, xas zzhir-nni n twaghit ass-a yeffer-it utceqlel n tutlayin tiberr'aniyin, nessaram d akken ad ilin at'as n wid ur nettaddja ara tawaghit ad d-ted'ru u ad d-akin uqbel ma ifat lawan : ad as-fken amkan-is i tmazight deg wulawen-nsen.\nQqaren-as : "H'ebber' uqbel ad ted'ru"\nTABURJWAZIT TABASKIT TEDDJA IDLES ABASKI\nAqeddem n wed'ris-agi :\n[Adr'is-agi ay d-nefren i watmaten-nnegh s tmazight, nessefray d yili d amenzu seg wat'as n yed'risen nnid'en ara ghren deg weghmis-nnegh. Ad'ris-nnegh n wass-a d win d-yettmeslayen ghef wugur yettidir yedles abaski, ara ttaddjan yinesbughar (imer'kantiyen) d yemdanen yesâan tamkant âlayen di tmetti tabaskit, u d igellilen akk d lâamma n medden ay d as-igan leqrar. Ugur-agi yettidir-it ula d idles-nnegh, d acu kan ass-a nefren ad d-nemmeslay ghef yedles abeppani acku nesâa digh at'as ara d-nelmed seg yidelsan nnid'en d yegduden nnid'en. Deg umagrad-agi ad nz'er d akken wid umi meqqer ccan deg umezruy abaski, xas tettunefk-asen tegnit ad d-ssukksen idles-nsen ajaddiw u ad as-fken tamkant yuklal di tmurt-nsen, maca ur s-xdimen acemma, ay wwin ala kan d cciâa bat'el. Akka digh ay ted'ra d wat'as n yidelsan nnid'en di ddunit imi yiwen n uâekkaz ay d agh-yewwten. Nessaram-awen afud igerrzen.]\nDI TMURT N YIBASKIYEN N UGAFA (nord)\nAnadi di tserkam (classes sociales) n tmetti n leqrun wis 16, wis 17 d wis 18 yesskanay-d d akken tiserkam ih'ekmen Tamurt n Yibaskiyen di tallit-nni llant tekksent-d rrbeh'-nsent seg yiqeddicen ay llant xeddment i lmend n Ugellid n Fr'ansa akk d Navarre n Wadda, dgha ghef wanect-a, kra n Yibirjwaziyen ibaskiyen llan tts'ah'en-asen-d yimukan âlayen di leh'kem, yettxellis'-iten ugellid, seââun tifesniwin (grades) deg yigen (armée) yernu tekksen-asen i wiyad' ixfawen-nsen ihaggapen (titres de noblesse) akk d yimukan-nsen n leh'kem. Sponde, Bela, Belsance, Gramont, Etchauz akk d Meharin llan seg wid yett'fen leh'kem u tuli yis-sen ddunit imi ay sennden gher tgeldit tafr'ensist akk d yimasiwen (seigneurs) ay iqerben s agellid. Wwd'en alammi ay ten-tecrek nnesba yid-sen yernu sduklen ssâaya-nsen akk d tin n wigi. D acu kan, anect-agi digh yessawed'-iten ad ssersen imal n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen ger n yifassen n Fr'ansa, ur reglen- as abrid i uzureg (indépendance) n tmurt-nsen. Tawaddfa-yagi (intégration) yessbanay-agh-tt-id mlih' umezruy di tallit n Wemgaru n Tesred't (guerre de Religion) [asmi ay nnughen Yikat'uliyen d Yepr'utistanen di Fr'ansa si 1562 gher 1598]. Imir-n, at'as n yimasiwen ibaskiyen (am Luxe, Espelette, Garou, Etchauz akk d Domezain) ay d-ibedden i lmend n Ugellid n Fr'ansa, akken ad t-h'udden, dgha rran timura-nsen s ddaw n leh'kem n tgeldit, ladgha di tallit n Charles IX. Yernu nnernan wassaghen (relations) n lemâawna ugar di tallit n Henri IV (Henri III n Navarre), ay d-yeskecmen at'as n yimasiwen Ibaskiyen gher leqs'er-ines u gar-asen nezmer ad d-nader Armendaritz, Laxague akk d Haramboure.\nTawaddfa-yagi n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen gher Fr'ansa yesseâjel-itt-id rrbeh' n tgeldit mgal n Usemmeskel (Réformation) [abeddel n tesred't takat'ulit] akk d wesbeddi n tsertit n usselmes (centralisation) tafr'ensist.\n"I tghimit n tlella, n yesladen akk d yeglamen" ("pour la maintenance des libertés, des exemptions et des privilèges") d awal ay llan ttâawaden-t-id si Palais alamma d Ustaritz, Yibaskiyen inesbughar (imer'kantiyen) yett'fen leh'kem di leqrun wis 17 d wis 18. Kra n yenmezrayen (historiens) walan anect-a d asuter n Yibaskiyen akken ad awin tilelli u ad h'ekmen i yiman-nsen tisuda (institutions) tibaskiyin, d acu kan, anect-a ur is'ehh'a ara imi d wid-n akken ay yellan qqaren-d awal-agi ay yellan tekksen-d lfayda meqqren si tedbelt (administration) n Tgeldit tafr'ensist. Ihi, "tilelli" ay llan ssuturen-tt-id wigi yezmer kan ahat ad ilin qes'den-d yis-s lebghi-nsen akken ad ten-id-tughal tlelli-nni n zik ay d asen-tespuh' tsertit n usselmes n Fr'ansa, am wakken ara yili usuter-agi-nsen yesskanay-d digh tugdi-nsen akken ad asen-tpuh' tlelli d leh'kem sya ar sdat imi di tallit-nni tella a d-tettenka r tserkemt tamaynut n yemzenza (commerçants) d yimawlan n wakal akk d yimesbankiyen (banquiers) ilibir'aliyen, ay yellan ttughalen d inesbughar (imer'kantiyen) s lâejlan yernu zgan-d mgal n uqader n yisud'af, akken ma llan. Nezmer dgha ad d-nefk sin n yimedyaten i deg ara d-nesban aya :\nDi 1784, ssutren yimawlan n wakal inesbughar n Navarre seg unemzagh (avocat) n Béarnais, Polverel, ad as-yaru asektay (mémorandum) i Ugellid n Fr'ansa i deg ara d as-yessefhem aygher ay ilaq ad qqiment "tlella d yesladen" n tgeldit n Navarre, dgha asmi yexdem aya, fkan-as yimawlan n wakal Ibaskiyen amkan gar-asen, yughal ula d netta yesâa akal u yerbeh'-d ixef n tihhugr'a. D acu kan, lemmer ad nwali mlih' s agbur (contenu) n wayen d-issumer, ad nz'er d akken Polverel yessider-d takti n ussuter n tfulmant (autonomie) di lweqt i deg wiyad' akk ttun-tt [u a ttxemmimen amek ara kemmlen ad ttidiren deg yeglamen -privilèges- s ddaw n leânaya n Fr'ansa], yernu yewwet-d Polverel deg usektay-is mgal n "unedbal n wakalen" (administrateur des domaines) ay yellan yekkat mgal n twaculin tinesbughar timaynutin n yemzenza akk d yimesbankiyen. Yugh lh'al, Polverel iger-d tivri, xas maci s ledjher', akken ad asen-d-ughalen i Yibaskiyen yizerfan-nsen ay sen-yefka umezruy, ad asen-d-tuval tmurt n lejdud-nsen i deg ttalasen, yernu ayen ara d-yesbegnen aya netta d akken Polverel yuv abrid-is i yiman-is asmi ay d-tekker Tegrawla tafr'ensist.\nAtmaten n twacult n Garat n Ustaritz, ay ttwalin yenmazrayen seg wid yellan tth'uddun "tisuda tibaskiyin", leâben ddur' d ameqqran di lebni n Tegrawla tafr'ensist akk d wesbeddi n unagraw azerfan (système juridique) d tedbelt tamaynut n Fr'ansa. D acu kan, asmi ay ttwakksen akk yeglamen imsugal (privilèges féodaux) deg yid' n 4 Ghect 1789, ttwakksent ula d tisuda tibaskiyin, xas akken ifuk lh'if ghef wegdud abaski, ay yeddren ach'al d leqrun s ddaw n lbat'el n yimasiwen, ma d atmaten n twacult n Garat, rewlen s tuffra si tmurt.\nTagrawla tafr'ensist tefka azal, di tgara, i tutlayt tafr'ensist ay yughalen d tutlayt tawh'idt i yes tteddu tegduda, i yes ttdeddu tedbelt akk d yigherbazen.\nIbaskiyen n Ugafa (n Fr'ansa) ay d-yuran ghef tnettit tabaskit seg yimir-n d asawen, am Antoine d'Abbadie di "Eskualtzaleen Biltzara", ur d asen-iban ara webrid ara aghen, wanag llan ttmalen tikwal gher tesnakta (idéologie) takar'lit (carlisme), tikwal gher tesnakta tafr'ensist yerran tutlayin timedrusa (langues minoritaires) n Fr'ansa d aôric kan seg ufulklur' n tmiwa n tmurt. D acu kan, llan-d kra n yemyura ay nezmer ad d-nini d akken d tisuraf (exceptions), am Chaho akk d Broussain.\nDI TMURT N YIBASKIYEN N WENZ'UL (sud), DI SPENYUL\nDi lqern wis 18, talibir'alit taspenyulit tella d nettat ay d tasnakta ay d'efrent s umata tserkam âlayen (hautes classes) n Yibaskiyen n Spenyul, wid yellan sâan at'as n wakal, akk d yiburjwaziyen n temdinin yebdan seââun akal negh llan bghan ad t-sâun. Taghdart (élite) n Yibaskiyen akk d tin n Yikatalanen llant d tirebbaâ yesâan aswir adelsan (niveau culturel) âlayen akk di tmetti taspenyulit, yernu llan dima d nitni ay d imezwura di tmurt ay d-ilemmden ayen d-yettnulfun d amaynut di tussna di tmura nniêen n Tuppuft (Europe). At'as deg-sen ay yellan ttaznen arraw-nsen akken ad ghren di tesdawiyin n Fr'ansa d Legliz negh di tesdawit n Bergara. D tarbaât-agi digh ay d-yesbedden Takebbanit n Caracas, d takebbanit n tnezzawt (commerce) meqqren ay tt'fen Yibaskiyen yernu tettekka mlih' di tenneflit (développement) n Venezuela.\nTura-d tmesnalest (anthropologue) Marianne Heiberg :\n"Deg wayen yerzan tinettit, at tegrawt-agi llan ttwalin iman-nsen d akken ulac wi yellan d "Ispenyuliyen" ugar-nsen di Spenyul. Llan h'esben iman-nsen s'ubben-d seg wid-n akken umi ur xlid'en ara yidammen akk d Yimur'iyen negh Uwdayen, wid-n akken yessuffghen ikefr'iyen* yernu rran-d tagherma akk d Temsih'it (chrétienneté) gher tmurt. Xas ulamma at'as deg-sen llan ttmeslayen tabaskit, d taspenyulit ay llan smenyafayen ad tt-sqedcen ama deg wexxam negh di berr'a".\nU terna-d :\n"Dgha amkan ay d as-fkan wigi i tbaskit d win kan n tutlayt n yimeksawen, d tutlayt n yimezdaghen n tmurt ur d-neswi si tala n tt'beâ akk d tgherma, di lweqt i deg taspenyulit tella d tutlayt n tt'beâ, n yedles, n leqraya akk d rrbeh' n temdinin, yernu simmal yella yettali ccan n temdinin, simmal tella tettughal tbaskit di rrif, tettzad fell-as th'eqranit".\n[*yugh lh'al, Ispenyuliyen yennughen mgal n Yinselmen di Spenyul, llan ttwalin Inselmen d Wuwdayen d ikefr'iyen.]\nSi 1876 d asawen, beddlen wid yellan di tserkam yett'fen leh'kem : anekcum n tmurt n Yibaskiyen s ulzuz (ssuq) akk d usad'uf (lqanun) aspenyuli yewwi-d yid-s yiwet n tegrawt (tarbaât) tamaynut n yinesbughar iqeddcen di temguri (industrie) akk d tbankiwin (banques), yernu wigi wwd'en alammi ay tt'fen imukan âlayen deg udabu aspenyuli. Iburjwaziyen-agi yennerna leh'kem d timmepkantit-nsen asmi ay d-sbedden anagraw (système) n "Conciertos Economicos" (Iburaz Udmisen - concerts économiques), d ayen ay ten-yeddjan ad rren tiseqquma n temnad'in (conseils provinciaux) s ddaw n leh'kem-nsen u ad sneqsen tiwsi (impôts) ghef wayen llan xeddmen-t-id u znuzuyen-t, dgha anect-a yegla-d s uxess'ar ameqqran ghef tserkemt n yiqeddacen akk d wegdud s umata. Tamsedrast-agi (oligarchie) tabaskit tughal d ah'ric si tburjwazit taghelnawt taspenyulit yernu agherya ad teqdec i lmend n lebni n tmurt timsihrit tatrart (capitali ste moderne) di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, nettat teqdec i lebni n tmurt n Spenyul.\nTASDAWIT N BERGARA\nTasudut Tageldant tabaskit n Yimeddukal n Tmurt (Real Sociedad Basconcada de los Amigos del Pais), ay d-tesbedd trist'uqrat'it n Azkoitia, tella d tagrawt tameqqrant akk ay yesselh'an tikta n "Teftilin" (idées du Siècle des Lumières) di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen. D tasudut-agi ay s-d-yefkan amedya i ugellid asemmeskal (réformiste) Carlos III akken ad d-yesbedd tisuda am nettat di tmiwa merr'a n Spenyul. Taburjwazit tupuffit (européenne) tamaynut tella tettnadi ad d-tesbedd yiwet n tesnakta "tanelsawt" (idéologie humaniste) d tamaynut i ghef ara tebnu assaghen-is akk d th'er'sin (colonies), dgha seg yimir-n ay yughal usseh'r'es (colonisation) yettwaxdam s yisem n "ussiwed' n tgherma" s igduden ur tt-nessin ara.\nAmagrad (article) amezwaru n uz'ayer (statut) n tsudut-agi yeqqar-d : "Iswi n tsudut-agi netta d asnerni n usselmed akk d ussebghes (encouragement) n Yibaskiyen akken ad lemmden tussna, tiz'uryin akk d tz'uryin icebh'en (beaux arts), d tukksa n wayen n d iri akk d usselhu n wansayen-nsen, d tukksa n lqella n ccghel d lqella n tmusni akk d unad'eh' mgal n yixess'aren i yes d-igellu wanect-agi, akk d ussedjhed n tdukli ger n tlata n temnad'in n Yibaskiyen [tispenyuliyin] n Alava, Vizcaya akk d Guipozcoa". Leqdic ifazen akk ay xedmen yirist'uqrat'iyen n Azkoitia di lqern wis 18 netta d asbeddi n "Tesdawit n Bergara" di 1767, akk d unagmay-nni-yines (laboratoire) ussnan ay imechur'en. Tasdawit n Bergara tughal d tasdawit talaykit (laïque) tamezwarut akk di Spenyul, d acu kan, xas akken tettekka deg wesnerni n tussna akk d yedles, maca tarist'uqrat'it tabaskit ur teddji ara tutlayt tabaskit ad tughal d nettat ay d tutlayt n usselmed akk d unadi di tesdawit.\nTangiwin ay llan sselmaden-tent di tesdawit n Bergara d tigi : tasengama tarmawit (physique expérimentale), takrura (chimie), tasnekfilt (minéralogie), tussniwin talsiyin (sciences humaines), tusnakt, tasnagayt (philosophie), tasniklit (éthique), llsisan n tesred't (n ddin), tamedyazt, tamesghanibt (stylique), tasnadent (statistiques), amezruy aghelnaw akk d id "fueros" (isud'af negh leqwanin n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen), tutlayt tabaskit, talatinit, taspenyulit, tafr'ensist, taneglizit, tat'alyanit, az'awan (musique) akk d ccna, aharag (gymnastique), imenghi s tkuba (escrime) akk d tedrest (ccd'eh').\nTasdawit-a tga-d inermisen (contacts) akk d wammasen (centres) n unadi imeqqranen akk n Turr'uft. Atmaten Elhuyar, ay d-ilulen di Tmurt n Yibaskiyen n Ugafa (di Fr'ansa) yernu mechur'it deg wennar n unadi, kecmen-d gher tesdawit-a di 1778, u di 1783 ssawd'en ad d-âezlen aferdis n "wolfram", win umi neqqar ass-a tungsten, seg umaghus (acide) n Wolfram, yernu lexbar n tegrut-nsen (découverte) tessuffegh-it-id Tsudut Tageldant Tabaskit di tesghunt-is (revues) umi qqaren "Extractos".\nTasdawit n Bergara tettekka maci d kra deg wesnerni n yedles akk d tussna, maca terra tutlayt tabaskit di rrif deg wayen yerzan asseqdec-yines deg unadi akk d usselmed. Daxel n tesdawit, tabaskit tella tesâa kan amkan n tutlayt n unagmay (langue de laboratoire) negh tecba taghawsa ay yettrusun deg usalay (musée), yernu axess'ar n wanect-a mazal nettidir-it ar ass-a, imi mazal akka ay twalin yiburjwaziyen ibaskiyen tutlayt-nsen.\nSdat n th'eqranit n tburjwazit, ala kan d ansayen n wegdud ay yeddjan tutlayt d yedles ibaskiyen ad idiren u ad menâen si nnger akk d tutut.\nAmagrad-agi newwi-t-id seg weghmis n "Euskal Herria", d aghmis adelsan abaski.\nD acu-ten Yibaskiyen ?\nIbaskiyen d imezdaghen n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, d yiwet n tama ay d-yuzgan ghef yiri n yilel (lebh'er'), ger n Fr'ansa akk d Spenyul akk d yidurar n Pyrénées utrimen (igherbiyen). D nitni ay d imezdaghen iqdimen akk n tmiwa-yagi yernu ttmeslayen yiwet n tutlayt, tabaskit, seg wakken d taqdimt, ar ass-a werâad d-ufin yimassanen d acu n tutlayt nnid'en ay tt-icuban negh d acu n twacult n tutlayin i gher ara tt-qqnen. Tamurt n Yibaskiyen ass-a tebd'a ghef sin yeh'ricen. Yiwen weh'ric, win n ugafa (nord), d Fr'ansa ay t-ih'ekmen u yuzga-d ugezdu (département) n Pyrénées-Atlantiques, ma d ah'ric nnid'en, win n wenz'ul (sud), d Spenyul ay t-ih'ekmen yernu yebd'a ghef snat n tmiwa (timettiyin tifulmanin - communautés autonomes) : tin n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen, tamaneght-is d Vitoria, akk d tin n Navarra u tamaneght-is qqaren-as Pamplona. D acu kan, Ibaskiyen ara yessuturen acôal d iseggasen aya ad awin azarug-nsen (indépendance), ttwalin tamu rt-nsen d yiwet-is, agdud-nsen yeddukel, yernu smenyafayen ad semmin i yiman-nsen "Euskaldunak" u ad semmin i tmurt-nsen "Euskadi", ma d tutlayt-nsen, qqaren-as "Euskara".\nDi Spenyul llan azal n 2.600.000 n Yibaskiyen di lweqt i deg di Fpansa llan kan 250.000. Azal n 700.000 n Yibaskiyen ay yettmeslayen tabaskit di Spenyul, di lweqt i deg di Fpansa, 400.00 kan ay tt-yettmeslayen.\nIbaskiyen sâan yiwet n tgherma d taqdimt at'as yernu mazal-itt tedder ar ass-a, u sâan yiwet n tsekla tatlayt (littérature orale) d tamer'kantit maci d kra, cennun-tt-id kra akken n yimedyazen umi qqaren id "bertsolari". Ibaskiyen mazal digh tt'fen deg wat'as n wansayen, gar-asen takessawt n wakraren deg wedrar, addal n takurt tabaskit akk d wadag (broderie) n yicett'id'en.\nIdrizen (traces) iqdimen akk ay d-ufan ghef Yibaskiyen ttughalen gher 8000 n yiseggasen uqbel n Sidna Aisa, u akken yebghu yili, d igiman (milliers) n yiseggasen ayaka seg wasmi ara ttidiren Yibaskiyen di tmiwa-yagi i deg llan ass-a. Seg wasmi ay bdan a d-keccmen yiberr'aniyen gher tmurt-nsen, Ibaskiyen, ladva wid n Navarra, zgan-d mgal-nsen u nud'h'en akken ad ilin d ilelliyen. Dgha nnughen mgal n Rr'uman yernu di tallit i deg llan Yinselmen sbedden tixlifin-nsen (califats) di Spenyul, yernu Fr'ansa llan h'ekmen-tt Yefr'anken (Francs), ssawd'en Yibaskiyen ad d-gen tageldit timziregt (indépendante) di Navarra di 850, s ddaw n leh'kem n Inigo Arista. Tageldit-agi tewwed' gher tallit-is n wuregh s ddaw n leh'kem n Sancho III Ameqqran, ay ih'ekmen tamurt si 1000 alammi d 1035. Ma di tama n ugafa, llan sâan digh Yibaskiyen yiwet n tgeldit nnid'en ay yellan qrib d timziregt, d tin umi qqaren Soule. D acu kan, deg yiseggasen ay d-id'efren, tufa-d Navarra iman-is zzint-as-d tgeldiwin timsih'iyin (chrétiennes) si yal tama yernu tigi gant fell-as lh'er's akken ad teddj tilelli-yines u llant tettent-as-d seg wakal-is, dgha seg yimir-n ay tughal Navarra tettâeddi sya gher da s ddaw n leânaya n tgeldiwin-agi (Castilla, Aragon akk d Fpansa), akken ur tseââu ara uguren yid-sent. Maca, xas tella Navarra tettâeddi s yisem s ddaw n leh'kem aberr'ani, isud'af-yines (leqwanin-is) d yeglamen (privilèges) n wid ay tt-ih'ekmen llan mazal ttuqadaren. Ma d tageldit tabaskit n Soule tebda ula d nettat tettâeddi s ddaw n leânaya n lh'ekkam ifr'ensisen u seg yimir-n ay tebda a tespuh'uy cwit', cwit' tilelli-yines. Di 1234, yuli Champagne Thibaud Amenzu gher leh'kem di Navarra u yewwi amkan n twacult-nni yellan teh'kem tamurt uqbel, d anect-a ay yeddjan Navarra ad teqqen gher Fr'ansa si 1284 alammi d 1328. D acu kan, di tallit-nni n leh'kem afr'ensis, tessedjhed Navarra tinettit-is tasertit (identité polit ique), yernu werdjin qbilen Yibaskiyen ad ten-teh'kem Fr'ansa. Xas akken ifuk leh'kem usrid (direct) n Fr'ansa di Navarra, d yiwet n twacult tafr'ensist, Evreux, ay ikemmlen teh'kem tamurt. Ma d tama n Soule yewwi-tt ugellid n Fr'ansa, Philippe le Bel di 1306, u seg yimir-n ay tughal d ah'ric si tgeldit tafr'ensist. Uguren ay tella tesâa twacult n Evreux di Navarra ldin-as tawwurt i Ferdinand II n Aragon akken ad yesdukel tama-yagi gher tgeldit n Castilla. Ma Navarra n Wadda (negh Navarre yellan gher tama n Fr'ansa) tewwi-tt twacult tafr'ensist n Bourbon di lqern wis XVI. Di 1607, agellid n Fr'ansa, Henri IV (Henri III n Navarra), ay yellan si twacult-agi, ikemmel asdukel Navarra n Wadda gher Fr'ansa u seg wass-n ay tughal d ah'ric si tmurt-a, tlehh'u s usad'uf n Fr'ansa. Ma d Navarra taspenyulit, xas akken tella d ah'ric si Spenyul s yisem, kemmlent tsuda-yines (institutions) a xeddment alammi d 1841, asmi ay d asen-ttwakksen i lh'ekkam ibaskiyen n tama-nni iglamen-nsen (pr ivilèges). Yugh lh'al, teghli Tmurt n Yibaskiyen di bedd'u akk d leh'kem aberr'ani imi, si tama, Ibaskiyen ur nudan ara ad d-gen tamurt meqqren yedduklen, si tama nnid'en, timura d-yezzin fell-as llant ugarent Tamurt n Yibaskiyen di ldjehd. Di 1959, snulfan-d yighelnaz'riyen (nationalistes) ibaskiyen yiwet n tuddsa (organisation) timselleh't, isem-is E.T.A, d tin ara yekkaten i lmend n uzarug (indépendance) n Tmurt n Yibaskiyen di Spenyul, xas akken tettunefk-as tfulmant (autonomie) i tama-yagi akk d Navarra di 1980.\nE-mail : adadam89@yahoo.fr\nDeg wayen yerzan tabaskit, ghret daghen :\nTabrat n Yimedyazen : Utt'un 12 A tabaskit flali-d\n<<< Qqel γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 1 Ddu γer Ụṭ̣̣ṭ̣un 3 >>>


url: =Yeffeɣ-d ass n : Asinas, 21 Ctembeṛ 2021 12:41 Ɣran-t : 2 n tikkal\nZZAYER TAMANEƔT – Yebda-d uneɣlaf amenzu, Aimene Benabderrahmane, ass n usinas, asemned n uɣawas n tigawt n unabaḍ i uselkem n wahil n uselway n tegduda, deg Useqqamu n Uɣlan ddaw tselwit n Mass Salah Goudjil, aselway n useqqamu-a.\nAsemned-a d win ara d-yeḍfer uskasi d yimaslaḍen n useqqamu-a yernu ad ikemmel azekka s tgermanin n yiselwayen n tegrawin tiwamniyin.\nAss n ukras, ad d-yerr uneɣlaf amenzu ɣef tuttriwin d tamawin n yimaslaḍen n Useqqamu n Uɣlan.\nAɣawas n tigawt n unabaḍ yesmemmi-t Ugraw Aɣerfan Aɣelnaw s 318 n tuɣac gar 380 ass n ukwas yezrin. Aɣawas-a yebḍa ɣef semmus n yiɣfawen yerzan asdusu n uwanak n usaḍuf d usemmeskel n tenbaḍt, asduqqes d usmuynet adamsan, asnegmu alsan d usdusu n tsertit tanmettit, tasertit tawerdanit d tadinamit yernu d turmid d usdusu n tɣellist d umzaɣ aɣelnaw.\nYemmuqqen unabaḍ, deg temsalt-a, akken ad yesmel tanbaḍt aydeg ara yili wugar n umlazmar d tiffrawent, asefrek d amellil n tedrimt d tsemmeskal deg tewsi, deg umarud, deg tsiḍent, deg wakal d tedwant.\nLast modified on Akras, 22 Ctembeṛ 2021 13:07\nYeffeɣ-d ass n : Asinas, 21 Ctembeṛ 2021 12:41 Taggayt : LEZZAYER Ɣran-t : 2 n tikkal Bḍu


url: =Tacemlit n Yennayer, d abaɣur-nniḍen i tsekla - La Dépêche de Kabylie\nAccueil Tamazight Tacemlit n Yennayer, d abaɣur-nniḍen i tsekla\nLeqdic adelsan i yuɣalen ɣer deffir ɣef teɣzi n useggas-aya tura, ḥebsen yisaragen, timezgunin, timeɣriwin n ccna …atg. D aṭṭan-nni amcum i d ssebba, iger-d iɣallen i umaḍal, gar-asen tamnaḍt n Leqbayel. Maca akken yebɣu yili, mačči s wayen n diri kan i d-yegla imi lulent-d tigawin yelhan ; d tid yecban tallelt d uzeṭṭa n tegmat gar yimdanen. Tegla-d yid-s tallit-a ula s leqdic adelsan s wudem amaynut. Tira d tvidyutin deg uzeṭṭa inmetti i yuɣalen d ifri uɣur i d-ttemlilin wid ifuden idles d tira. Deg tallit-nni n lekmin i d-tlul yiwet n “Tcemlit”, d tin iwumi zdin iɣallen aṭas seg wid yettarun, iḥemmlen ad d-awin amaynut s tikta ur nettfakka. Dɣa tlul-d “Tcemlit n Tefsut Imaziɣen”, deg wayyur n Yebrir 2020, aggur kan, ḍefrent-d snat-nniḍen “D tajmilt i yinaẓuren Lwennas d Yidir”, d ticemliyin i d-yeffɣen deg wagguren n Mayu d Yunyu 2020, imi ulamek ara yili leqdic deg unnar, yella-d s ttawil-nniḍen, ur ixuṣṣ ara deg ubaɣur i swayes i d-yegla. D iḍrisen ilelliyen n tsekla, d tinagiyin, d isefra d wayen-nniḍen. Aṭas n yimura i yellan akka imir-a deg unnar-a i d-yerran i tiɣri.\nUran-d, sumren-d tikta-nsen, rran-d i teɣri i d-iger deg uzeṭṭa inmetti Facebook, Mass Remḍan Ɛebdenbi, d netta i iqeɛden iḍrisen, yerra-ten s talɣa PDF, iga-as-d unuɣen icebḥen, akken ad yeɛǧeb i yimeɣriyen. Ticemliyin yezrin, ulamek ara kfunt neɣ ara ḥebsent, ur d-gellunt ara s tayeḍ. Tagi d “Tacemlit n Yennayer”, I lmend n umagger n yixef n useggas n Yimaziɣen 2971, iberreḥ-d daɣen win i d-yefkan tikti, imi Yennayer n useggas-a ur d-yelli ara s tuget deg unnar, ɣef tmentilt n waṭṭan-nni dima, ayɣer ala ur yettili ara s tikti-nniḍen. Leqdic i yetturajun ad yuɣal ɣer udlis s talɣa PDF, ad yewjed i wusan i d-iteddun. Deg-s ad naf aṭas n yiḍrisen n yimura i d-yerran i teɣri. D taḥawact n yiḍrisen ilelliyen ɣef Yennayer, ɣef Cacnaq, ɣef umezruy d useggas amaynut 2971. Ad ilin yisefra iqburen, awal n tyemmat, tigemmi, tikti, asumer, tamuɣli d rray aḥerfi. D leqdic ara yilin gar yifassen-nneɣ, d win kan i ibanen ad d-yernu amur-is n ubaɣur i yidles Amaziɣ.\nAɣerbaz deg usiher i usfugel n Yennayer «2971»\nƔas qrib aseggas segmi yeḥbes leqdic adelsan s taɣulin-is yakk, aṭṭan n covid-19 mazal ur yeffiɣ ara seg umaḍal n talsa s wudem unṣib, mazal akukru, d netta i d tamentilt yerran idles ɣer deffir, deg tallit-is yenqeṣ leqdic.\nMaca s tisin d umager n yixef n useggas n Yimaziɣen, ulamek ara zeglen Leqbayel d Yimaziɣen asiher ameqqran am Yennayer. D aneḍruy i d-yettuɣalen s tumert yal aseggas, d win umi ggaren iɣallen Yimaziɣen s tuɣalin ɣer laṣel d ucuddu deg tnekkit.\nD annect-a i yeǧǧan ula d inelmaden d yiselmaden, imasayen d yinemhalen n yiɣerbazen s kraḍ n yiswiren ad gen leqdicat yemxalafen ɣef teɣzi n yimalas, ladɣa segmi i d-tceyyeɛ teɣlift n usedwel ulɣu i wakken ad d-yili usfuggel n uneḍruy-a. Nwala-d ama deg yizeḍwa inmettiyen, ama di kra n tiliẓriyin, leqdicat idelsanen i d-yellan ilmend n waya ; d ccna, d amezgun, isefra, inzan, tiwin d usenɛet n tɣawsiwin tiqburin i icudden ɣer wansayen n lejdud, tuččit yemgaraden i d-yersen deg yimraḥen n yiɣerbazen, talusi n tqendyar d teksiwin i teqcicin d yiqeccabiyen d yibrenyas i warrac.\nUr ilaq ara ad yettwasfugel Yennayer s wudem afulkuri\nAyen i as-yernan deg wazal i Yennayer deg uɣerbaz, d akken iselmaden ur ttun ara tigin n temsirin n umezruy n Yennayer, d usefhem i yinelmaden anamek d tmentilt d wacu uɣur icud umenzu n Yennayer, akken ur yettɣimi ara di ccḍeh kan d ccna, neɣ s unamek-nniḍen s wudem afulkluri. Akken, inelmaden ad ḥṣun s umezruy-is, ad ẓren belli tafada n Yimaziɣen d tin i icudden ɣer wakal, seg-s ay d-tettek tudert. Yal aseggas ad t-id-smektin, acku d inelmaden n wass-a i d imal n uzekka, wa ad tt-yeqqar i wa. D arrac n wass-a i d irgazen n uzekka, d wigi ara yawin asafu n yidles, n tgemmi, n tutlayt. Tasuta ad tesselmed tayeḍ, lǧil ad yerfed wayeḍ, aɣref Amaziɣ ɣer yiswi-s ad yaweḍ.\nƔabent tdukkliwin, yeḥḍer Cacnaq\nƔas ma yella Yennayer n useggas-a, ur kkint ara deg-s s tuget tdukkliwin tidelsanin ɣef tmentilt n waṭṭan i d-yersen, d tewtilin i tent-icudden, maca llan-d wahilen ɣas d imecṭaḥ sya u sya, am tigin n usebdad ameqqran n ugellid Cacnaq di temdint n Tizi Wezzu. D win i mmugren yimezdaɣ n tmurt n Leqbayel s lferḥ, s tirza-nsen ɣer umkan d tuṭṭfa n tugniwin ar tama-s. D ayen i d-yessebganen azal n uneḍruy yecban Yennayer, i yettwasfugulen deg yiseggasen-a ineggura deg merra tamiwin n tmurt n Lezzayer akked tmura n Tefriqt Ugafa d tmura n lberrani, i usuffeɣ n tgemmi d yidles imaziɣen yellan d iqdimen n lqedma ɣer umaḍal.\nTacemlit n Yennayer, d abaɣur-nniḍen\nAṭṭan-a amcum i d-yegren iɣallen i umaḍal, gar-asen tamnaḍt n Leqbayel, mačči s wayen n diri kan i d-yegla. Imi lulent-d tigawin yelhan ; d tid yecban tallelt d uzeṭṭa n tegmat gar yimdanen. Tegla-d yid-s tallit-a ula s leqdic adelsan, tira tividyutin deg uzeṭṭa inmetti, i yuɣalen d ifri uɣur d-ttemlilin wid ifuden idles d tira. Deg tallit-a n lekmin i d-tlul Tcemlit, umi zdin iɣallen aṭas seg wid yettarun, iḥemmlen ad d-awin amaynut s tikta ur nettfakka. Dɣa tlul-d Tcemlit n Tefsut Imaziɣen, Tajmilt i yinaẓuren Lwennas d Yidir, imi ulamek ara yili leqdic deg unnar, yella-d s ttawil-nniḍen, ur ixuṣṣ ara deg ubaɣur i swayes i d-yegla. Armi i d-yewwi yid-s ula d Tacemlit n Yennayer ara yilin akka gar yifassen-nneɣ, d tin kan i ibanen ad d-ternu amur-is n ubaɣur i yidles Amaziɣ.\nArticle précédent‘’ Axeddim-a, ad d-yeglu s kra n ubaɣur meqqren i leqdic-nniḍen ara iḍerrun akka tura deg umaḍal umḍin’’\nArticle suivantTɣab kan tfekka-s, yeqqim-d ccna-s


url: =Tikli n ugdud : Tanekra n Tafrit - Amazigh 24\nIḍelli ur itt-arwes (ttcavi) ass-a. Ass-a tugdi t-ffaγ anelli. Tiγawsiwin usent-d warğin i-faq yiwen, ula d-anagraw ur iḥṣi swayen iḍṛan d wayen ayeḍṛun, axaṭar inwa dayen isek°er ak° tiγ°umaṛ.\nTanekra n ugdud d amazul belli agdud iɛbba aṭas ineggazen (aṭanen). Agdud n Lzzayer itt-ugzen (itt-uγesten) aṭas di yal tama, armi d nnif d lherma n ines. Ass-a deg ugafa ar unẓul, deg utaran ar ugemaḍ izzayriyen imɛavutlayen neγ n imazγutlayen ccnunen tilleli s yiwet n taγ°uct.\nTikliwin timuqranin (tiskenditin) subbent-d ar ivarden suturent tufγa n unagraw sumata. Tizzayriyin d izzayriyen suturen leqdaṛ n ugdud ak° d uveddel n udavu d unagraw tura. Mgal aḍuyen d ihemmalen, tasuta tamaynut ad awi deg uvrid ig teṛẓa asalu tasuta taqvurt tilelli d uveddel n unagraw imi ur zmiren imezwura axaṭar d anagraw aḥqṛani ula ass-a. Maci dayen isehlen, maca tasuta tamaynut tugi att idir di tugdin ak° d laz di tmurt tanesvaγurt (tameṛkantit). Anagraw inwa ad yaɛlu ugdud, warɛad izmer at iγendef (at ikellax). Maca qqaṛen imezwura: win is-inen teshel tiɛffaṛt, iɛefsi-tt war arkasen. Agdud ifaγ ar levγi-s amezwaru. Yufa-d nnif-is ak° d lherma-s arna yessuli-d tissas-is (tavγest). Tura ina, arna ad idum w-awal-is: iqqaṛ iwid ak° illan arna ig itt ilin deg unagraw: Ruh-t, wexṛ-t , fγe-t. Ur k° neḥwağ ara, igi ttekkin ikuvar meṛṛa, axaṭaṛ ula d nutni ččan yidsen deg yiwen udavṣi. Anagraw yerğa ad yaɛlu ugdud, neγ at xerven imcumen id ssekren. Nwen agdud warɛad iṭṭes, ihi sufγen-d amagrad 102 n tamenḍawt ig laqen ad sufγen deg useggas 2013. Dayen faqu, ikkr-d wagdud, ifut wakud, agdud ira ad imḍel anagraw n vusin iqqura: adavu d imserdasen yiwet n tikkelt.\nAgdud n Lzzayer d amsemki arna d ilemẓi ira ad iffak uḥeqqar, d laxdaɛ, d usgufsu ak° d usali n takmemt.\nAgdud yugi tamenḍawt n w-ass-a itt usulin iy imeḍbren imcuref n unagraw. Wali-t , wali-t agdud nneγ d ilemẓyen nneγ acḥal fuskin (cevḥen) mara ddlen s takvavt n Lzzayer ak° ttin Imaziγen arna ad cnnun s-yiwet n taγ°uct tufγa n unagraw meṛṛa. Iseggasen iɛdden, mara d ikker ugdud n Lzzayer anagraw ad itt suγu : abbbuh aten s-kkent nid ivaraniyen. Ass-a d imdanen n unagraw ig tt-nadin af ivaraniyen akken ad asen aten ɛiwnen. Imdanen agi n unagraw uγalen am ivuhalen isusufen ar igenni, imetmen nnsen ttuγalen-d s udmawen-nnsen. Dayen i-fut w-akud agdud inna arna s-usuγu d umennuγ amsemki ilaq di tagara: ANAGRAW AD IFFAΓ SUMATA: UR IRA TIKLI N UTARAM WALA TIN N UGUMMAḌ.\nTIZZAYRIYIN AK° D IZZAYRIYEN REN (VΓAN) AD ILIN D NUTNI.\nSγur Aɛrav ATYUNAS


url: =Aselway Tebboune yeselwi tafugla n usemgrrad n wid yerbḥen arraz n uneɣmas - Asiḍyas 23 Tubeṛ 2021 11:09\nYeffeɣ-d ass n : Aynas, 30 Wamber 2020 10:27 Ɣran-t : 0 n tikkal\nLEZZAYER TAMANEƔT - Animir i teẓwar i d-yettuɣalen akked tmellilt taẓewrant yessemter-d, deg uneqqis-is aseggasan amezwaru, i wakken ad yeldi uẓeḍwu aɣelnaw n trisiti i yinfarasen imejṭaḥ akked yilemmasen imzurag n trisiti tafukant, yettwali dakken d "tikli igerzen" i beddu n tikkin taẓewrant.\n"Neẓra dakken aẓeḍwu n usedger n trisiti d allal amenyif i tukksa n uslemmes n ufares n trisiti s usekcem n teẓwert i d-yettuɣalen, yessefk ad twelleh tmurt ɣer tlila-a akken ad ters ɣef yizudar igerzen", i d-yenna uneqqis n Unimir i teẓwar i d-yettuɣalen akked tmellilt taẓewrant, i yettwasemman "Tikkin taẓewrant deg Lezzayer : Timsirin, addad n yidgen akked yimal akken ad yili usnefli uckiḍ n teẓwar i d-yettuɣalen", yewweḍ-d uneqqis-a i Tnegga n Yisalan n Lezzayer.\nYesmekta-d uneqqis, deg tmuɣli-a, dakken ugar n 70% n ukettur n ufares n trisiti tafukant yettwajemɛen ar ass-a deg umaḍal (586 GW), skecmen-ten akk ɣer yiẓeḍwa n usedger.\nƔef wakken i d-yenna Unimir i teẓwar i d-yettuɣalen akked tmellilt taẓewrant, azuzzer n tsersiyin tifukanin yeqqnen ɣer uẓeḍwu n usedger ara iḍemnen afares ilan akettur amejṭuḥ neɣ alemmas, d "anekcum igerzen ɣer yiwet n tsetratijit hrawen ugar".\nYeffeɣ-d ass n : Aynas, 30 Wamber 2020 10:27 Taggayt : TADAMSA Ɣran-t : 0 n tikkal Bḍu\nAselway Tebboune yeselwi tafugla n usemgrrad n wid yerbḥen arraz n uneɣmas\nMazal ttceggiren asaḍuf yerzan aḥezzeb i tmijwin timeqqranin\nTiyufa tisnuddsanin: Azeddi n tsemsedda ara iḍemnen asnegmu-nsent\nAsarag n « Tsentayt i Urkad n Libya »: Addud n Zzayer « dima yella-d d afraray »


url: =Algérie Presse Service - Actualité à la Une Tawakla isallen n Lezzayer - Amni Uṛufi: attham n Meṛṛuk s werkaḍ d « amaglay » n yizerfan n wemdan deg Rrif\nVous êtes ici : Amugger»AMAḌAL»Amni Uṛufi: attham n Meṛṛuk s werkaḍ d « amaglay » n yizerfan n wemdan deg Rrif\nmardi, 10 octobre 2017 10:43\nAmni Uṛufi: attham n Meṛṛuk s werkaḍ d « amaglay » n yizerfan n wemdan deg Rrif\nBRUXELLES– Tiddukliwin timeṛṛukiyin n westan n yizerfan n wemdan ttehment, ass n letniyen deg tesɣimt n Wemni Uṛufi deg Bruxelles, iduba imeṛṛukiyen s wemḥaq n umussu n uccetki aɣerfan d umelwi n Rrif, yernu nnant-d dakken iduba imeṛṛukiyen rekḍent arkaḍ d « amaglay » izerfan n wemdan deg temnaḍt-a.\nƔef leḥsab n yigensasen n tiddukliwin-a, ay d-yessawlen deg usarag ɣef umussu n Ḥiṛak n Rrif deg Wemni Uṛufi, asseqdec n tekriḍt yekkan i tlisa mgal umussu-a n uccetki amelmi d ayen ay yessawḍen ɣer werkad d « amaglay n yizerfan n wemdan ».\nYessumel-d uselway n Tiddukla n Westan n Yizerfan n Wemdan deg Meṛṛuk (ASDHOM), Said Fawzi, asseqdec n tekriḍt yekkan i tlisa, abbaẓ war ssebba, acaṛeɛ, aɛetteb d usekker war ṛṛeḥma ay la sɛeddayen yemsulta ɣef yenmeskanen, yernu yerfa Mass Fawzi ɣef « usserdes yernan deg temnaḍt-a. »\nƔef leḥsab n yimeɣnasen n yizerfan n wemdan, tagnit aydeg tella temnaḍt n Rrif ssebba-nnes d irkaḍen n yizerfan n wemdan, izerfan isertanen, idamsanen, inemttiyen d yidelsanen n yimezdaɣen n temnaḍt-a, yernu yenkeṛ itthamen « ikellaxen » n uneɣlaf amenzu ameṛṛuki ay d-yennan dakken amussu n temnaḍt-a d « amẓerbeḍḍu ».\nMa d tagensast n Tsemyuddest Tamɣarbit n Tuddsiwin n Yizerfan n Wemdan (CMODH), Khadija Ryadi, yenna-d dakken « llan-d yerkaḍen d imaglayen n yizerfan n wemdan deg Rrif », yernu tuggad seg « wexṣar amecɣab » n yizerfan n wemdan deg temnaḍt-a.\nTeḥseb-d tmeɣnast-a acḥal n tegnatin n werkaḍ n yizerfan n wemdan deg wayyuren-a yezrin deg temnaḍt n Rrif, yernu tesḥassef imi d timiḍa n yimeɣnasen n umussu-a ay yettwabẓen deg temnaḍt-a, am wakken ay d-tenna dakken azal n 30 seg-sen ay igan asunded n laẓ acḥal n ledwaṛ aya akken ad d-ssummlen ama d abbaẓ-nsen ay ttwalin d amesbaṭli, ama d tagnit-nsen n weḥbas.\nUgar di taggayt-agi : « Inselmen n Fṛansa tecɣeb-iten tmuɣli tibawt n Yefṛensisen ɣef Lislam Iɣlanen Yeddukklen: tesɛedda Tesmilt tis 4 taneɣtust n wallus n uwekked n wezref n weɣref aṣeḥrawi »


url: =Ddabex uḍar : Tameẓla gar ileqman - Wikipedia, tasanayt tilellit\nDdabex uḍar : Tameẓla gar ileqman\n← Amgirred ssabeq\nDdabex uḍar (beddel)\nLqem n wass 26 Tuber 2012 à 13:30\n768 octets ajoutés , 8 n iseggasen aya\nLqem n wass 26 Tuber 2012 à 09:19 (beddel)\nAmazigh84 (mmeslay | attekki)\nLqem n wass 26 Tuber 2012 à 13:30 (beddel) (ssefsex)\n'''Ddabex uḍar''' s tfinaγ '''ⴷⴷⴰⴱⴻⵅ ⵓⴹⴰⵔ''' naγ Football (futbol), Soccer di [[Marikan| Marikan ugafa]] d yiwen [[Addal|waddal]] tturaren-t snat trebbuεa n 11 imyuraren deg annar. Iswi n yal tarbaεt, d asekcem n ddabex imdewweṛ γer ucebbak n temḥaddit nniḍen kter is u mebla aseqdec n ifassen.\nIttwasengel sγur legliz (igliziyen) di tagara n timiḍi tis XIX. Asegwas n 1904, ddabex uḍar yuγal yesεa ''Amqun agraγlan'' [[FIFA]], asegwas n 2006, llan azal n 264 imelyunen n yemyurar n ddabex uḍar deg umḍal, yarna yella d-addal amezwaru deg aṭas n tmura. Di kra imenẓawen am tafriqt, turuft d tamrikt unẓul ddabex uḍar iγmer addalen nniḍen acku urar-is d ushil, ur yeṭṭalabyesseqdac ara aṭas n ttawilat.\nLlan-t snat n tewsatin n tirmitin di tfada: tidak n iswuten d tidak n trebbuεa tiγelnawin. Taqbuct n ddunit d tirmit tagraγlant yesεan azal ameqṛan nezzah. Tettilid yal 4 isegwasen seg 1930.\nUraren n ddabex s-uḍar llant si zman aqbur (taglest). D uraren kan illan maci d-addal. Igrigiyen llan snen aṭas w uraren s ddabex uḍar: ''aporrhaxis d phéninde'' di ''Athènes'' d ''épiscyre'' di ''Sparte''. Γer Iṛumyen daγen kifkif, llan tturaren ''pila paganica, pila trigonalis, follis d harpastum''. Icinwaten daγen tturaren ssenf n ddabex uḍar i wumi qqaren ''Kuju'' iḍrisen imezwura iḥekkun γef urar agi llan-d di timiḍi tis kraḍ uqbel sidna Σisa. Di tagara n timiḍi tis XV, Kalčiu Florentin yellad di [[Ṭelyan]], d netta\nYettwakkes-d seg "https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uslig:MobileDiff/44627"


url: =Irab wexxam-nni ! – La Kabylie autrement\nSliɣ i ucewwiq mi icerreg igenni, yecba tiɣwist n win yettewten, tiyita iɣef ur yedmi. Yid-s ibubb ayen yerba yizli, yenfel, yesraffeg ur iban sani.\nLemmer yeɣli ujgu ibedd yinzi, lemmer yefla uqermud, iban-d usekkil, tili ad as-nini : “ ccah i yiḍelli!”\nAy axxam, temdel tewwurt-ik ɣef tmucuha d yizlan, telli i tṣurtin d werkaɛ i waḍu yeḥman. Seg ṭṭaq-ik ur d-yegri uḍilli, dayen temmundel tmuɣli, imi i aɣ-yettwakkes berra. D acu ara k-d-yexdem dduḥ n wesɣar a llufan, ma yella zzuzunen-k s qassaman?! D acu-yi-ken ay ikufan, ma yella aɛbbuḍ-nwen ur t-sserwan yirden neɣ iniɣman, kenwi ma yella teṭtamaɛem ttmer d wayen-nniḍen?! I wimi-k ay ayeddid ma yella rran-k i luḍu, ma yella ssiriden iyennaten-nsen yes-sek? I kečč a lkanun, d acu ara d-yexdem i weqcic yiɣed n Waɣzen akked Teryel ma yella sxerben-ak timucuha? I wumi-t lḥamu ma yella ulawen d isemmaḍen?\nƔas kref ay aẓeṭṭa, rreẓ a tayaẓilt, ibrik a taduṭ, rrkut ay ifeggagen ma yella d iɛdawen ara yelsen abernus ! I kemm a tasga, ma yella telliḍ kan i wemɣar yettweṣṣin ɣef ṭṭariqa, i wumi-kem?\nS xerben-aɣ asekkil i tefyirt, nekkni nettnadi lmeɛna n tudert! Axxam mačči d aẓru, axxam mačči d aqermud akked lkanun, ifeggagen, amnaṛ neɣ tasga. Axxam d ayen yellan deg-s, d ayen ara yeddem weqcic s uzekka. Axxam mačči d tawwurt neɣ d ṭṭaq, axxam d anda yessufuɣ ṭṭaq akked tewwurt.\nRu ay aqbayli ɣef webrid ur nessufuɣ, mačči ɣef webrid ma yeččur d uguren! Ru ay aqbayli ɣef uzekka ma yella rran-ak-t d aẓekka mačči ɣef yiḍelli ! Ru ɣef wakal teǧǧiḍ, ruɣ ɣef yimal mi t-tettnadiḍ deg yiḍelli! Aqermud d ikufan melmi i ak-yahwa ad ten-txedmeḍ. Abernus, aydid akked tjegwa ma yella ruḥen, issebleɛ-iten zzman tudert ur tḥebbes ara. Tudert ad teḥbes ass ideg ara tuɣaleḍ d wayeḍ. Ad tnegreḍ ay aqbayli ass ideg ara tekkateḍ akal s wenyir-ik mačči s uqabac. ass ideg ara teẓẓuḍ ayen ara teččeḍ.\nƔas ad aɣ-hudden axxam, ad nesbedd tawacult!\nƔas ad hudden arrac, ad nesbedd temẓi!\nƔas ad rẓen dduḥ, ad d-nrebbi llufan!


url: =Tislit (tullist) n Aït Kaci Mohamed Arab par tadut2006 - Fichier PDF\nTislit (tullist) n Aït Kaci Mohamed Arab .pdf\nNom original: Tislit (tullist) n Aït Kaci Mohamed Arab.pdfTitre: Tislit (tullist) n Aït Kaci Mohamed ArabAuteur: tadut2006\nCe document au format PDF 1.4 a été généré par PDFCreator Version 1.2.2 / GPL Ghostscript 9.02, et a été envoyé sur fichier-pdf.fr le 01/04/2018 à 23:33, depuis l'adresse IP 81.57.x.x. La présente page de téléchargement du fichier a été vue 1672 fois.\niɣri umendayer ttarrantttarrant-tttt-id tɣemmar\ntɣemmar n wexxam;\nddḥis rfis. Tekker tmeɣra di sin yexxamen\naṭas ; d lǧiran\nǧiran. Yeggul Awmar n Awmar\nard nettat ara yaɣ\nyaɣ u lemmer ad tenger tejma*t wa ternu yides\nSeb*a isseggasen i la yettraǧu ad teqbel Ferruǧa.\nUlac ansi ur asas-yekki yara, ulac tam*ayt\ntam*ayt ur yessexdem ara.\nNnanNnan-as medden txuṣ\ntxuṣ di la*qel, Netta mazalmazal-it yeṭṭef\nyeṭṭef degdeg-s am\niweṭ. Yugi ad asas-issareḥ;\nissareḥ; Idda deffirdeffir-es s wawal aẓidan\ntirezzaf i ss-yessawaḍ\nyessawaḍ s axxam yal mara dd-teɣli\nteɣli ssebba. Uɣalen\narmi i d asas-ssawalen s tufra imezdaɣ\nimezdaɣ n taddart, akken ad\ntmesexren fellfell-as, Amwar n Ferruǧa.\nFerruǧa. Taddart maṛṛa testeqsaytesteqsay-itt\nayɣer tugi Awmar n Awmar. Ula d imawlanimawlan-is tḥeyṛen\ntḥeyṛen amek ara\ns-xedmen. TeqqarTeqqar-asenasen-d ulac acu i tt-ixuṣen,\nixuṣen, zemreɣ ad ttḥemleɣ, acuacu-kan… emm. Werǧin\nWerǧin i dd-tenna d acuacu-t…emm.\nYewwas tennatenna-d ih. Awmar n Awmar ineggez s igenni,\nisudenisuden-ed itran. Yecmumeḥ\nYecmumeḥ i yidarɣalen,\nyidarɣalen, ifka lwa*da i\nyimarkantiyen; ur yumin ara imaniman-is. Isḥerḥer\nIsḥerḥer deg imawlan n\nteqcict ar tmeɣra.\ntmeɣra. IfkaIfka-yasen ula d adrim akken ur tt*eṭṭilen\ndeg heggi n lecɣal.\ntmeɣra. Tuɣ tmes ifuṛnuyen di sin yexxamen\naṭas. Taddart maṛṛa tettwa*reḍ\ntettwa*reḍ ad tefreḥ yidsen.\nƔas akken meẓẓiyet taddart, ger sin yexxamen,\nyexxamen, zlan mraw (10) n\nikerriyen mebla azgen uqenṭar\nuqenṭar n weksum i dd-uɣen. Yečča win\nyebɣan ad yečč.\nTilawin ṭfent tasga n wexxam. GanGan-t annar i wurrar; lsantlsanted maṛṛa\nndyaṛ tijdidin yeẓdan s zagzag n yal nwel. Yekker\ngerger-asent umyezwar ɣer cḍaḥ, ta teqqar i tayeḍ ewt afus ad\nceḍḥeɣ. Llant kra ssegsseg-sent Ttbehirent yessityessit-nsent ɣer tqa*att\nakken ad ceḍḥent.\nceḍḥent. Yarnu asas-arnunt acekkeracekker-nsent. AsAs-tiniḍ\nneɣlent tirint n lemḥayen\nlemḥayen d leḥzen i dd-bbabent segseg-asmi llant\nČčabint ɣer imeslab yettruḥun ɣer\nɣer zzawiya ad dd- dawin\ntarwiḥtḥt-nsen. Tidi tesselxes idmarenidmaren-nsent; ulac nnefs deg\nmači kan n tlawin, imi ula d ilmezyen d aylaaylansen. Kra ṭfen ccukat\nccukat aked tɣemmar;\ntɣemmar; kra nniḍen ḥencen ar\ntyemmatintyemmatin-nsen akken ad walin tullas, wakken ad *erḍen ad\nqesṛen yidsenyidsen-t ɣas s unecraḥ kan, lebɣilebɣi-nsen iban amekamek-it; Bɣan\nTislit teqqim ɣer lemri. zzintzzint-asas-ed yessiyessi-s n xaltixalti-s akked\nyessiyessi-s n nananana-s; yal yiwet d acu i ss-txeddem; ta d aberkan i\ntayeḍ d azzeggaɣ i tqemmuct, tayeḍtayeḍ-nniḍen\nnniḍen d sbiɣa i\nwudem; yal yiwet amek. Ulac rriḥa\nrriḥa ur nemmir ara di texxamttexxamt-nni.\nFerruǧa ɣer ṭṭaq, tellitelli-t-id; iduḍan\nyerɣan kecmen daxel\ntenna-d s la*qel\nla*qel “dayen”. Wehment tullastullas-nni degs.\nLlinLlin-t allenallen-nsent mi tttt-walan la tessenṣal\ntessenṣal di leḥwayeǧleḥwayeǧ-is\nticebḥanin. Teqqim gerger-asent i usemiḍ\nyerɣan n tmeɣra am\nasmi i tttt-i dd-tes*a\ntes*a yemmayemma-s. Uzlent s tagdi ɣer yemmayemma-s n teslit\nad asas-inint acu i yuɣen\ntemɣart tageswaḥt ɣer texxamt. Teṭṭerḍeq ɣef\nyimi n tewwurt d imeṭṭawen\nimeṭṭawen mi twala yelliyelli-s d ta*eryant\nta*eryant ɣer ṭṭaq,\naqerruaqerru-s ur iban s anda isewweq. Syin temdel tawwurt, tsenned\nɣurɣur-es, telli allenallen-is, tebda asbecbec s iciwiiciwi-s. Tullas la ddttmuqulent degdeg-s, teṭṭfitent\nteṭṭfitent targagit. Tuggett ssegsseg-sent ad fkent\nazgen n tuderttudert-nsent akken ur ttilint ara din di teswi*t\ntemɣartɣart-nni ɣer yelliyelli-s, tɣumi\ntɣumiɣumi-tt s umendilumendil-is, syin tennatenna-yas:\n-a yelli acu i kemkem-yuɣen\nyuɣen ? ahat d tawla i kemkem-yeṭṭfen;\nncegga* ɣer ṭṭbib ad dd-yass. Aha iniini-yiyi-d ma yella kra ur kemkem3\nne*ǧib ara? Ahat d lebsa i mm-iqemḍen\niqemḍen nnefs. Mulac beddelbeddel-itent.\nA yelli, taḥnint\ntaḥnint ma ur d iyiiyi-d-mliḍ\nmliḍ d acu i kemkem-irwin ? Ahat d ssuṭ\numendayar d tiyta ufus. Mulac asas-entent-iniɣ\niniɣ ad ḥebsent.\ntemɣart aḥettet d usteqsi; tette*raḍ ma yella kra a\ntefhem deg ayen izedɣen\nizedɣen yelliyelli-s. Dɣa\nDɣa tneṭqtneṭq-ed teqcict s ucmumeḥ\n“ dayen ur tedduɣ\ntedduɣ ara”. TernaTerna-d diɣen\ndiɣen : “Kem a yemma, ẓriɣ ur\ntezmireḍ ara. Xfifet tasatasa-m. inaina-s i baba ad dd-iruḥ\niruḥ ad asassfehmaɣ.\ntmeṭṭut i wergazwergaz-is ɣar ger tejma*t anda yella\nyeqqim netta d yemɣaren\nnniḍen. TeṭṭefTeṭṭef-it deg yiwet n ccuka,\nteḥkaḥka-yas acu yeḍran.\nyeḍran. Netta, segmi i tettaẓ deg umeslay, yettuɣal\nazeggaɣ am teṭumaṭict. Lemmer ad dd-isuḍ\nisuḍ ubeḥri ad yeɣli.\nIssers afus ɣef imiimi-s, tecfittecfit-id tidi ded yiwen umecwar.\nIkcem ɣer yelliyelli-s, yufayufa-tttt-in mazalmazal-itt deg umenddil, teqqim\nɣer ṭṭaq la tettmuqul ɣer yefrax yellan tturaren di tneqlin\nlḥara. IneṭqIneṭq-ed :“ ur teẓra\nteẓra yara acḥal we*ren werraw n awmaṛ, ad\nAkken i tt-idid-twala tecmumeḥas\ntɣum imaniman-is s umenddil\nakken iwulem. Tesseḍḥa\nTesseḍḥa mi tttt-idid-yufa babbab-as akkenakken-nni d\nta*eryant. TennaTenna-yasent imirimir-en i tullastullas-nni ad asas-eded-awint\nleḥwayeǧḥwayeǧ-nni i tuɣ\ntuɣ tanumi tettlusu deg uxxam. WwintWwint-asas-ed\ntaceneltaḥt s wacu tqeddec deg uxxam. Isers babbabas aqerruaqerru-yis ɣer teqa*att mi da tttt-tettlusu.\nIẓra yelliyelli-s d yiwet si tidak irwin allaɣen\nallaɣen n yelmeẓyen n\ntaddart ; lemmer mačči d Awmar n Awmar i la iheddren fellas\nbelli d aylaayla-s, tili acḥal\nacḥal d ataras\nataras ara dd-ibedden ɣersen. Ixemmem\ngerger-as d yimanyiman-is ɣef tagin n yelliyelli-s, acu n twaɣit\ntwaɣit ara dd-tawi.\nMačči d idrimen n at Awmar ara yettwasxeṣren,\nyettwasxeṣren, s*an ayen ara\ntenten-yeččen, d yelliyelli-s kan ara *elqen seg icekkabenicekkaben-is am taɣaṭ.\nImuqel imirimir-en ɣurɣur-es s leḥnana,\nleḥnana, u yennayenna-yas:\n- A Ferruǧa,\nFerruǧa, tezriḍ acḥal iṣarfen di tmeɣratmeɣra-yagi. *ecra wakraren i\nyezlan, sfuren iqenṭyar\niqenṭyar n seksu, *erḍen*erḍen-d lɣaci\nlɣaci si yal taddart;\ntebɣiḍ ad xedmaɣ nek tura.\n- A baba a*zizen,\na*zizen, teṭṭef aqerru n babbab-as ger ifasenifasen-is, ur tt-bɣiɣ\nara; ur tt-yehwa yara wulwul-iw.\nneɣ d kem i dd-yennan ih, ulac win i mm-iẓeyṛen afus.\n- d kenwi akked lɣači\nlɣači i yiyi-d-yeqqaren acu i ixuṣen\nixuṣen Awmar n\nAwmar, a yelli tzemreḍ\ntzemreḍ ad tḥemleḍ… TkellexemTkellexem-iyi.\nImuqel ɣerɣer-s babbab-as s ddɣel.\nddɣel. IṭṭefIṭṭef-ed taqerructtaqerruct-is ger ifasenifasen-is\ntẓegwa. IẓuɣerIẓuɣer-itt ar ɣures am yizem mara yemmeɣ ɣef\nlefrisa, isudenisuden-itt seg anyir; iḥenc\niḥencḥenc-itt ɣar yedmarenyedmaren-is dɣa\ndɣa ibdaibdayas lehdur s ameẓẓuɣ:\nameẓẓuɣ: “a yelli ugadaɣ ad aɣaɣ-nɣen, ad nruḥ am\nTezriḍ lḥukuma yark\nyark nsen. Zemren ad aɣ\naɣ-nɣen degdeg-iḍ am\niɣardayen, ur nettaf ula d yiwen unagi di taddarttaddart-agi n ccum.\nAwmar n Awmar d aqcic n l*ali,\nl*ali, ẓid yillesyilles-is, isareḥ\nisareḥ ufusufus-is, aṭas\ntullas i tt-yessaramen. Yernu, netta, ḥala kem i yebɣa…..\nTekkesTekkes-ed imaniman-is ssegsseg-s. TennaTenna-yas :\n- innainna-s ad dd-iruḥ\niruḥ ad asas-sfehmeɣ.\nYemmaYemma-s, yessiyessi-s n xwalxwal-es d yessis n nananana-s qiment la\nttmuqulent degdeg-s am akken d la*ǧeb;\nla*ǧeb; Wehment amek i tezmer ad\ntexdem akken; acu i izemren ad yessiweḍ\nyessiweḍ Ferruǧa ar tisselbitisselbi-agi\nɣas ma si zik i tban ur ters ara deg allaɣ\nallaɣ-is; Si zik tḥemmel\nakked umuqel s igenni.\nIjbeIjbe-ed babababa-s n teslit isli si tejma*t\ntejma*t n yelmeẓyen. IruḥIruḥ-ed\nɣers s lfarḥ. IwwiIwwi-t wemɣar\nwemɣar ɣer yiwet n ccuka, yeḥkayeḥka-yas d acu\nyeḍran; YeḥkaYeḥka-yas belli Ferruǧa\nFerruǧa tugi ad teddu. IbbeherIbbeher-it ɣer\ndeffir, yuzzelyuzzel-ed imirimir-en Awmar n Awmar qbala s axxam.\nIgzem s z*af\nz*af igulfan lɣaci yellan ččuren axxam. Idegger s kra\nyark yufa zdatzdat-es. BabaBaba-s n teslit yellan yugad ɣef yelliyelli-s lemmer\nkra i ss-ixeddem, iddaidda-d deffirdeffir-es s tazla, la yettḥellil\nyettḥellil degdeg-s am\nyewweḍ ɣer texxamt n teslit, iwet tawwurt s arkel. Yettuɣu\nFerruǧa. TullasTullas-nni yellan din uzlent ɣer Ferruǧa ammar\nkra i ss-ixeddem. Qqiment ɣers. Akken i tttt-iwala yessusem imirimir-en\nkan; ibdded am ujebbad, ṣṣut ulaculac-it degdeg-s. ten\n- Awmar n Awmar, ur kk-ttaɣ\nttaɣ ara! Mači d tidirin i diridiri-k, ḥemleɣ\nnniḍen. Skud mazal urd iyiiyi-yeǧǧa\nyeǧǧaǧǧa-yara, ur zmireɣ\nzmireɣ ara a kkaɣeɣ. ḤemleɣḤemleɣ-t aṭas.\nImdekwal ɣer deffir am win ara iruḥen ad yexsef. IsxertemIsxertem-ed sin\n- anwa Amiruc?\n- Amiruc n Muḥdarab\nMuḥdarab n Ḥmed\n- Amiruc ….ehh\n- ih , d netta.\nMuḥdarab n Ḥmed s axxam s targagit. YufaYufa-d\nYenna-tameṭṭutṭṭut-is di t*eciwt\nt*eciwt yellan di lḥara la tettak lqeḍ i tyuzaḍ. Yenna\nyas s yiles izelgen: “a tamɣart\ntamɣart anidaanida-t ami\namiṛuc !”. TerraTerra-yasyas-ed\nbelli hathat-an deg uxxam la yettnezzih i tilibizyu. Ikcem s axxam\nyeẓẓel deg usu, yettnezzih i yimikiyen, axenfucaxenfuc-is yetti si\ntaḍsa, iṭṭef iberḍiyeniberḍiyen-is. IwwetIwwet-it s uqeddam s a*ebbuḍ,\nteqa*att. YennaYenna-yas “ d tigi ziɣ\nziɣ i txeddmeḍ\ntxeddmeḍ a yarruḍ ger warrac,\ntetteḍḥiḍ ara a tawdeḍ tilawin n yergazen. Muqel tura acu i ɣɣd-wwint lexddayemlexddayem-ik, a yir ṣṣek”.\nImuqelImuqel-itit-id Amiruc si teqa*att\nteqa*att s wallen yebrarḥen, ur yeẓri d\nacu i dd-yeqsed babababa-s. Iwhem degdeg-s. D tinna i d tikelt\ntamezwarut ara tt-iwali yettergigi akkenni.\nMuḥḍarab, aldayen deg imiimi-s:\n- acu ara kk-yawin ɣer Ferruǧa.\nFerruǧa, tameṭṭut n Awmar .\n- anwa Awmar?\n-Awmar n Awmar, a yaɣyul.\nyaɣyul. Win ara ɣɣ-yezlun tameddittameddit-a.\n- acu i tt-yuɣen\nyuɣen cekka ?\nYernaYerna-yas tiyta s arkel. Iglalez Amiṛuc\nAmiṛuc di teqa*att ɣef yimanyimanis dɣa\ndɣa iwala ɣer tilibizyu amcic mi yeṭṭafar aɣerda, icmumeḥ.\nYennaYenna-yasyas-ed babababa-s: “ mazalmazal-ik d aɣyul!\naɣyul! Nutni, at Awmar,\nḥelsen, beggsen. Ggulen assass-agi ad dd-awin lqeḍ\nlqeḍ-ik. A keč ikren i\nwezrem bu meyya iqerra”.\nIkred weqcic, afusafus-is ɣef iberḍiiberḍi-s yuɣen\nyuɣen tiyta. Iqqim ɣef usu\ninnainna-yas: “bon, iniini-yiyi-d d acu akka yeḍran”.\nIddemIddem-ed babababa-s taqejmuṛt.\ntaqejmuṛt. Iqqim s iḍaren n mmis :\nTezriḍ Ferruǧa, tin akken yeb\nebɣa Awmar n Awmar ! AssAss-agi d\ntameɣraɣra-nsen, yak teẓriḍ\n-ah! tin akken i tttt-muqulen am bururu di lɣaci.\nlɣaci. AcuAcu-tt yuɣen\n-ihi, tinna assass-agi tugi ad teddu d tislit. Ulac amek ur asas-xdimen\nara, ḥellelenḥellelen-tt, ssagdenssagden-tt, tugi ad teddu. Mi tttt-steqsan tenna\nteḥmel yiwen nniḍen, d wimi i tleḥḥu acḥalacḥal-aya.\n- i nek “wac dexli”, d acu i d ii-ruḥen\n- win akken i tleḥḥu,\ntleḥḥu, akken i dd-tenna d kečini !\nIneggez Amiruc s igenni, inṭew\ninṭew seg usu am ubẓiẓ, innainna-d am win\nayɣer d nek, illa kra i ss-xedma\nxedmaɣ I temcumttemcumt-agi? Ulac anwa ɣef\nara teskiddeb ḥala ma d nekkini. Teẓra ḥala nek i wimi zemren,\nwiyaḍ asas-eded-sfin allenallen-is, asas-gezmen ilesiles-nninni-ines n tdarwict. Inal\nddin n tullastullas-agi, ugint ad iyiiyi-hennint. “tant qu’il y’aura des\nfemmes il y’aura des problèmes\nproblèmes » .\n- qim tura. Acema ur tt-tefhimeḍ\ntefhimeḍ ara. Mačči d “li pṛublim”,\nAwmar hathat-enen-in ddemnddemn-ed timeggḥal\ntimeggḥalḥal-nsen. Lemmer mačči d\nccix n lǧama*\nlǧama* i tenten-inin-yeṭṭfen\nyeṭṭfen cwiya, tili hathat-enen-in da. UfanUfan-iyiiyi-d di\ntejma*t mi dd-*eddan, qeccuc meccuc, nnannnan-iyiiyi-d: “ ɣas aɣaɣ-ed\nlekfen. AssAss-a d a*waz\na*waz ɣurwen. ” Wellah ard iyiiyi-teṭṭef\nlemmer mačči d ccix i dd-yegran, yennayenna-iyiiyi-d: “ ɣiwel sarwel mmimmik, lewḥuc\nlewḥucḥuc-inin-a ggullen ar tt-nɣen”. NniɣNniɣ-as tura ihi ad truḥeḍ\nnananana-k, ad tefreḍ\ntefreḍ dinna. ẓẓran yark medden belli nekni yidyid-es ur\nnettemla*i yara. Mi t*edda tezfuft n wussanwussan-agi ad truḥeḍ\nxwalxwal-ek di Lezzayer.\nMakken i ss-eded-ittmeslay babababa-s, tkecmit tagdi. Ifaq imirimir-en d\nacu i yeḍran.\nyeḍran. Dɣa, yeddemyeddem-ed ilsa asebbaḍ\nasebbaḍ-is mezleg. Qbel ad\niccud tinelwatinelwa-s, ikker ad iffeɣ\niffeɣ seg uxxam almi i yesla i dderz n\nmeyya iterasen di lḥara\nlḥara akked umermaɣ n yiwen si twacult nat\nAwmar n Awmar: “ass“ass-a d lmutlmut-ik Amiruc a bu tfextin”. YezziYezzi-d\nAmiruc udemudem-is tikelt taneggarut ɣer zdaxel n wexxam, iḥulfa i\nsnat tmeqwa ibecan mi dd-ɣlint deg userwaluserwal-is. Yuzzel qbala ɣer\ntexxamttexxamt-nni yettaken s agudu, ineggezineggez-ed si ṭṭaq, iffer ger leznug\nyesɣaren usiɣi teffer yemmayemma-s i tegrest. Yexmet din am tyaziṭ,\niḥessḥess-ed yark i ssuɣat\nssuɣat d reggmat nat Awmar mi la ttnadin fellfell-as;\nttgalan din ard aa-t-yaweḍ\nyaweḍ ufusufus-nsen u lukan\nlukan ad irwel ɣer t*ebbuṭ n\nInser Amiruc syin s lexmata ger txaruǧay\ntxaruǧay yellan ger\nyexxamen. Idda lḥiḍ\nlḥiḍ lḥiḍ armi d axxam n nananana-s i dd-yezgan di\ntama ufella n taddart. IhmelIhmel-as ɣer zdaxel n tesga am yilef, iqqariqqaras: ” effereffer-iyi, effereffer-iyi, a nana”.\ntemɣart s ddaw tiṭ am tin i wumi yenta usennan,\n-kenwi s warraw n gma, makken kan a kenken-idar tmara, i ddtettruḥum\ntettruḥumḥum-ed ɣer nanatnanat-nwen. Ḥader ɣurɣur-ek seksuseksu-nni fesraɣ\nCwiṭ ur ikcim Amiruc di cci n Rebbi.\nRebbi. Tagdi tzemmtzemm-as allen.\n-a nana ilaq ad iyiiyi-tefreḍ.\ntefreḍ. A tenten-in at Awmar ad ttnadin fellfell-i ad\nyenɣen. Ttxilem muqel ma yella ucbayli iferɣen ad kecmeɣ\ndaɣen acu akka i dd-tukreḍ.\ntukreḍ. TernaTerna-d, ur s*iɣ\ns*iɣ ara lqut ara kk-fkaɣ\nteččeḍ, aqli ussanussan-agi am t*eṭṭart,\nt*eṭṭart, d tisigert n lǧiran i da tettaɣ.\n- ur ttximem ara a nana. Ma yella ulac ur tetteɣ\nMi tt-twala akken iffeɣ\nla*qel tennatenna-yas :\n- ma yehwayehwa-yak, hatthatt-an ta*rict.\nta*rict. Alli ɣures, teffreḍ ger ucbayli n\nzzit d win iniɣman\niniɣman yeččuren d lqec. Yella daɣen\ndaɣen uxican ma tebɣiḍ\nIkker ad yali ɣer ta*rict, mi dd-tsuɣ\ntsuɣ fellas : “ ɣurɣur-ek seksu n at\nAwmar, i nitni i tfetlaɣ.\ntfetlaɣ. Lemmer ad yames ad iyiiyi-zzuɣren\niberdan n taddart seg iḍaren\niḍaren am taɣaṭ.”\nAxxam n nananana-s n Amiruc d axxam nat zik,\nzik, ibna s wakal d\nIs*a aḥanu ameqran akked snat n te*ricin anda ur yezmir\nad yebdded wargaz, imi aqerruaqerru-yis ad yaweḍ\nyaweḍ ɣer isulas.\nI*edda ger yecbayliyen, isers azagurazagur-is ɣer lḥiḍ. IddemIddem-ed\ni*elq*elq-it gerger-asen akken ad yeffer.\nQrad (3) n wussan ur dd-yeffiɣ!\nyeffiɣ! Yettxemim ɣef acu i ss-yexdem\nFerruǧaǧa-nni tadarwict akken ad tebɣu\ntebɣu ad dd-tar ttar ssegsseg-s.\nYa*reḍ ad dd-yemkti ma yella kra n wawal i ss-yessexṣar\nyessexṣar netta ur\nneɣ d ssebba kan i tt-idid-tufa akken ur tettaɣ\ntettaɣ Awmar n Awmar.\nImirmir-en yemektayemekta-d belli yettwa*reḍ\nyettwa*reḍ ad dd-yečč si tmeɣra\nInna ger asas-d yimanyiman-is: “acu i yuɣen\nyuɣen Awmar, ulac i tt-ixuṣen,\nlemmer ad tt-taɣ\ntaɣ tezmer ad teḥmel.”\nNanaNana-s n Amiruc, deg i yexleḍ\nyexleḍ cwiṭ n nniya d cwiṭ n\ntimmuhbelt, tebda la tettfaq i wacu iḍarr\nimir-en di taddart, dɣa\nḍarrun imirtefka tameẓẓuɣt\ntameẓẓuɣt i wayen ttawin imezdaɣimezdaɣ-is deg ilsawenilsawen-nsen am\nakken anecten ur tttt-ye*ni\nTwala medden di lehdurlehdur-nsen mxallafen. Llan kra i ss-yefkan\nlḥaq i Awmar n Awmar; QqarenQqaren-as nɣiɣ\nnɣiɣɣiɣ-t ad dd-neched ulaculac-ik di\ntaddart. Ma d kra nniḍen,\nnniḍen, ɣas ma drusdrus-iten, yernu s tufra,\nttmeslayen ɣef Ferruǧa am akken tettuɣaḍ. TɣaḍTɣaḍ-iten imi ɣursen\naḥettem i tettuḥettem deg uxxam s ɣur imawlanimawlan-is akken ad ttteqbel. Acu kan taddart maṛṛa\nmaṛṛa myufan deg tiyta di Amiruc n\nMuḥdarab n Ḥmed; netta ur asas-ǧǧin acemmek.\nƔurƔur-sen d netta i d ssebba n twaɣit\ntwaɣit akked zhirzhir-agi yeṭṭfen\ntaddart. Iban mebla ccek d netta I ss-yerwin allaɣ\nallaɣ-is i teqcict. Llan\nwidak i ss-yeqqaren ad tt-newwet alma da yettfuḥu\nyettfuḥu umba*d ad ttnessufeɣ\nnessufeɣ si taddart akken xeddmen at\nat zik. Llan wiyaḍ\nwiyaḍ i ssyeqqaren ad tt-nezzuɣer\nnezzuɣer si tfednin alma d tawwurt n kumiṣar, din\nasas-enen-ini ad tt-iḍegger ɣer sillul am uqjun.\nQrad (3) n wussan ur dd-yers si ta*rict\nta*rict*rict-is anda yeffer.\nYettagad ad dd-iffeɣ\niffeɣ ula s agudu. Mkul ma isel i lḥess ad iǧ*el d\nnutni i dd-yewweḍen,\nyewweḍen, syin ad yebdu asbecbec s snatsnat-nni n tṣurtin\nyessen d azgen kan, iqqariqqar-as xerṣum\nxerṣum ad tenttent-nawi yidneɣ,\nyidneɣ, ad aɣaɣkksent lwaḥc.\ni*edda ṣṣut n dderzdderz-nni ad dd-isḍil\nisḍil taqarructtaqarruct-is si tewwurt n\nta*rict, wad isiwel i nananana-s s ṣṣut arqaq am\ntmeṭṭut tafermact, ad\ntttt-isteqsi ma yella tuɣal\ntuɣal FerruǧaFerruǧa-nni deg awalawal-is; ma yella dayen\nteqbel ad teddu. Dɣa\nDɣa asas-eded-terr nananana-s.\n- D keč i ɣ-yeǧǧan\nyeǧǧan mebla aksum, lemmer teqbil tili aqlaɣ d iftaten\ni la nteffeẓ\nnteffeẓ tura mači d seksu aḥarfi s tebṣelt. Ruḥ a mmi ad akaked yefk Rebbi lfa*l\nlfa*l*l-ik. Ula d seksuseksu-inu tekfiḍ\ntekfiḍ-iyiiyi-t s wučči. lemmer\nmačči d tasa i yugadeɣ\nyugadeɣ ad teqdaḥ, tili d nek ara kk-yesiwḍen\nifassenifassen-nsen; Ad iyiiyi-d-fken xerṣum\nxerṣum tameṣṣaṭ ikerri s wacu ara\nhenniɣ tafaṭtafaṭ-agiagi-inu yeqquren.\nDɣa ad dd-imuqel ɣers\nɣers s leḥnana,\nleḥnana, imi yeẓrayeẓra-tt s neṣṣaḥ\nneṣṣaḥṣṣaḥ-is i la\nthedder akkenakken-nni, imi nniyanniya-s tessaweḍ\ntessaweḍ-itt tettmeslay ɣef lebɣilebɣiines ɣas d l*ib ad tt-idid-yini yiwen.\nQrad (3) n wussan ur dd-yeffiɣ\nyeffiɣ si te*rict. Yuɣal la iḥetseb\nacḥal n lenwal i ss-ttwasebɣen\nttwasebɣen leḥyuḍ n ta*rict,\nta*rict, yettmeyiz ɣef\ntmuɣli n at zik yettakken azal ameqran i cbaḥa, amek ireqmen\nixxamenixxamen-nni n wakal akken ad ḥalfun s tizeṭ n tudert, ad izmiren i\nlaẓ di sser d liser.\nInuda anda yaf icer n lkaɣeḍ\nlkaɣeḍ akked ukaryun. Ur yufayufa-yara.\nIkkesIkkes-ed yiwen uqeccaḍ\nuqeccaḍ si sqefsqef-nni n tqeclalin. Syin yebda\nyessefruy ɣef lejdudlejdud-is yekkaten uzzal deg wakal. Yeččur leḥyuḍ\nleḥyuḍḥyuḍnni n ta*rict\nta*rict d ijeriḍen ur nettwafahemnettwafahem-ara; Ad asas-t-iniḍ\niniḍ d tira\nimaṣriyen ɣef uẓru n fer*un. Amiṛuc, s la*qella*qel-is, imettel deg\niskilen am tmeṭṭut\ntmeṭṭut ma tezzer\ntezzer deg uzeṭṭa\nuzeṭṭaṭṭa-s. Acu kan si teswi*t\ntayeḍ ad dd-yessiwel i nananana-s s ṣṣut rqiqen ma yella mači d ṭbel i\nyekkren di taddart. Issaram s wayen yark yezmer wulwul-is ad\nFerruǧa ad teddu assass-a d tislit. Isutur di Ṛebbi ama*zuz ad\nla*qel i taqcict\ntaqcict akken ad truḥ\ntruḥ s axxamaxxam-is amaynut.\nyeffiɣ ara si ta*rictta*rict-nni igan am\ntbewaṭ n ssardin, ur nes*i la ṭṭaq la cqayeq. Dɣa\nass wis kuẓ\nkuẓ (4), tafejrit isla i dderz akked usṭebṭeb ɣef tewwurt,\nixeṛṛa am lmal mara walin uccen. Tekker\nTekker-ed nananana-s s lḥir,\ntameẓẓuɣt ɣer tewwurt, testeqsa anwa. TelliTelli-d imirimir-en tawwurt s\nuɣiwel mi te*qel belli d tawacult n at Awmar i tttt-idid-iqesden. Akken\nkan i dd-telli tawwurt, ẓedmenẓedmen-d deg yiwen ubrid ɣer tlemast n\nRekḍen yark seksuseksu-nninni-nsen. Bdan\nBdan rregmat d ulaqeb di\ntemɣart tageswaḥt. QqarenQqaren-as, ad tttt-seddun d mmimmi-s n leḥram\ngmagma-s. Yal yiwen degdeg- sen sani yerra. Sin ssegsseg-sen ulin ɣer\nta*rict*rict-nni i degdeg-i yella Amiṛuc.\nAmiṛuc. Akken kecmen di tewwurt tewettewetiteniten-id yiwet n lfuḥa\nlfuḥa tazefrant s allen d wanzaren.\nwanzaren. Sarsen ifassenifassennsen ɣef imawenimawen-nsen akked wanzarenwanzaren-nsen, negzennegzen-d si\nta*rict*rict-nni armi qrib arẓen.\narẓen. Mi tenten-idid-walan wiyaḍ\nwiyaḍ ruḥenruḥen-d seddaw\nta*rict, muqlen ɣer zdaxel. Walan axicanaxican-nni yellan ittu*eleq\nsin yecbayliyen la yettembbiwil. Nnan i sin ssegsseg-sen allit.\numba*d mi ɣumen imawenimawen-nsen s tmacwaṛin,\nlkuraj i yimanyiman-nsen, ulin iwsawen. Akken sarsen iḍaren\nteqa*ett n ta*rict walan ɣer ger yecbayliyen, kksenkksen-ed axican\nyellan gerger-asen. UfanUfan-en Amiṛuc\nAmiṛuc ikbel imaniman-is am ufrux, tigecrar\nɣer yedmaren, aqerru ger ifassen. JebdenJebden-it ar baṛṛa\nbaṛṛa am ixinčew\nseg aman. Issareḥ\nIssareḥ imirimir-en i ibeccan deg userwaluserwal-is. Makken i\niqeṛben ɣurɣur-es slanslan-as la yesbecbic tisurtin n leqran. FaqenFaqen-as d\nwin yugaden aṭas.\nyewweḍ ɣer tqa*att, iẓẓel ɣef sseksu yellan yettwafser\nɣef ddekkan. Nutni bedden fellas am tɣunam, wehmen acu i ttyuɣen.\nyuɣen. Dɣa yeṭṭerḍeq Awmar n Awmar d taḍsa. *andent wiyaḍ.\nInṭeq imirimir-en ɣurɣur-es Awmar:\n- d keč tura i dd-ssebba. Ǧa*laɣ acuacu-t yizemyizem-agi, ziɣ\nziɣ d aɣerda kan\nIlliIlli-d Amiruc allenallen-is, u s tergagit d usqewqew akked\n- ddin yemmayemma-s n tullas, « je ne l’ai jamais remarque. »\nTeskaddeb nekkini ḥeṣleɣ et « puis » tinna d tadarwict.\n-d ayen fehmaɣ\nfehmaɣ ! i ss-yenna Awmar.\nǦǧanǦǧan-t-in din, deg uxxam n xaltixalti-s. Nitni uɣalen\nuɣalenɣalen-d s axxam.\nAxxam n teslit, teɣli\nteɣliɣli-d degdeg-s yiwet n tsusmi yettčabin ar tin n\nwe*waz ɣef llufan. KecmenKecmen-d at Awmar ɣurɣur-es s ẓga degdeg-i temlal\ntaḍsa d unecraḥ; yal yiwen\nyiwen amek i dd-itt*awad\nitt*awad ayen iwala. Ɣas ma\nyella tadyant yiwet, yal yiwen d acu i isenqed s wallan\niḥekkuḥekku-d ɣef lfuḥalfuḥa-nni iqebbṛen,\niqebbṛen, wayeḍ ɣef seksu illexsen d\nwayeḍ nniḍen ɣef umarmaɣ n Amiṛuc nat Ḥmed makken\nla yettggala s wayen i tt-idid-ixelqen belli ur yeẓri\nyeẓri yara d acuacu-t\ntba*uct yeqsen tislittislit-nsen.\nAkken i tenten-iwala babababa-s n teslit, yuzzelyuzzel-ed ɣerɣer-sen ad tentenyesteqsi ɣef amek i sensen-d-yerra weqcic nat Ḥmed. ḍṣanḍṣan-as s\nudem.Syin ḥkanḥkan-as tamacahutt yecban tin n ǧeḥa. Syin ssawlenssawlenas i Ferruǧa\nTeffeɣ-ed s umendil n yemmayemma-s ɣef tuyattuyat-is,\nifeṭṭiwjen yerɣan deg taṭṭucintaṭṭucin-is. Mi tttt-walen akken, ḥebsen lehdur\nQemḍen taḍsataḍsa-nni i ssekkren. Dɣa,\nDɣa, s la*qel, ḥkanḥkan-as\nyark acu yeḍran.\nTaggara kkren selmen ɣef bab n wexxam. At Awmar fɣenfɣen-d\nqeccuc meccuc ḥala Awmar i nn-yeqqimen, la yettmuqul s ukukru\ntaqcicttaqcict-nni yellan meqbel kra n ts*tin\nts*tin d texḍibttexḍibt-is. Ixdem cwiṭ\nwaffud i yimanyiman-is inṭeq\n-ẓriɣ kem, si zik ur d iyiiyi-tebɣiḍ\nimuqel ɣer babababa-s n Ferruǧa,\nFerruǧa, syin ikkemel:\n-acu kan ḍem*aɣ umba\nnneɣ, xerṣum ad ters cwiya n\nleḥnana deg ulul-im.\n- izmer daɣen\ndaɣen ahat d tagditagdi-nni n teslatin makken ad dd-yaweḍ\ntufɣa seg uxxam imawlanimawlan-nsent i kemkem-ikecmen. D ayen tura\nfehmeɣ belli Amiṛuc nat Ḥmed illa d ssebba kan i trewla felli.\ndaɣen cwiṭ. Ikkemel lehdur is:\narnuɣ, ma yehwayehwa-yam, alamma d asseggas, ma yella\ntqebleḍ-iyi, ula d nek si tura i qebleɣ.\nImuqel ɣerɣer-sen, innainna-yasen:\n- ǧǧiɣǧǧiɣ-awen lehna.\nYeffeɣ-ed Awmar n Awmar seg uxxam, yeqqim babababa-s d\nyellili-s la ttmesmuqalen. Inṭeq\n- a yelli ayen yark n lbaṭel\nlbaṭel i xedmaɣ di yemmayemma-m, kem\ntessufeɣeḍɣeḍ-t-id degdeg-i. Ttxilem ad kemkem-steqsiɣ\nsteqsiɣ ayɣer tqebleḍ,\nayɣer tugiḍ. Acu i dd-trebḥeḍ\ntrebḥeḍ s uskideb ɣef wiyaḍ?\nTuẓa ɣer babababa-s, yellan yeqqim ɣef umeṭraḥ, tsers\ntsers taqerructtaqerructis ɣef yedmarenyedmaren-is. TennaTenna-yas s imeṭṭi\nimeṭṭi di taɣecttaɣect-is:\n-A baba a*zizen,\na*zizen, lemmer ur ttaɣeɣ ara Amiṛuc at Ḥmed ur\nqebbleɣ ara ula d yiwen nniḍen ad tt-aɣeɣ.\nIẓmeḍẓmeḍ-itt imirimir-en babababa-s ɣurɣur-es s imeṭṭawen\nimeṭṭawen i dd-yeččuren\nTislit (tullist) n Aït Kaci Mohamed Arab.pdf (PDF, 187 Ko)\nCe fichier a été mis en ligne par un utilisateur du site. Identifiant unique du document: 00583978.