Full text of Occupational Wage Survey : Occupational Wage Survey: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 1955 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 1188-4 | FRASER | St. Louis Fed\nFull text of Occupational Wage Survey : Occupational Wage Survey: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 1955 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 1188-4\nN O V EM BER 1955\nB L S B u lle tin N o. 1 1 8 8 -4\nJ a m e s P. M itc h e ll, S e cre ta ry\nREAU OF LABOR S A IS IC\nTT T S\nEwan Clague, Com issioner\nO c c u p a tio n a l W age S u rv ey\nP H IL A D E L P H IA , P E N N S Y L V A N IA\nN O V E M B E R 1955\nUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F\nLA B O R\nP. M itchell,\nS e cre ta ry\nREAU OF LABOR S A IST S\nT T IC\nEwan Clagua, Com iss>on«r\nF e b r u a r y 1956\nFor sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D C.\nP ag e\nIntroduction ------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------W a g e trends for selected occupational groups _________________________________________________ _____\nEstablishments and workers within scope of study---------------------------------- -----Indexes of standard Weekly salaries for office clerical and average straight-time\nhourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups, and percent of increase\nOccupational earnings * ___________\nOffice occupations _________ ___________________________________________ *\nProfessional and technical occupations________ _____________________ _____ -_________\nA - 3:\nMaintenance and powerplant occupations------ ------------------------------------A-4:\nCustodial and material m o v e m e n t occupations ______________________________________\nEstablishment practices and supplementary wage provisions *\nB-l: Shift differential provisions _______________________________________________________\nM i n i m u m entrance rates for w o m e n office workers ___________________________ _____\nB -3: Scheduled weekly h o u r s __ _____________________________________________________ _____\nB -4: Paid holidays__-_________________________ ____ -_________________ ___________________\nB - 5: Paid vacations____’\nHealth, insurance, and pension plans____________________ ________________________ ...\nJob descriptions _____________________________ ________________________ ________________\n* N O T E : Similar tabulations for m ost of these items are available in the Philadelphia area re\nports for M a y 1950, October 1951, October 1952, October 1953, and N o v e m b e r 1954, The 1953\nreport also provides tabulations of wage structure characteristics, labor-management agreements,\nand overtime pay provisions. The 1954 report also includes data on frequency of wage payments,\nand pay provisions for holidays falling on nonworkdays. A directory indicating date of study and\nthe price of the reports, as well as reports for other major areas, is available upon request.\nCurrent reports on occupational earnings and supplementary wage practices in the Philadel\nphia area are also available for machinery (December 1955), industrial chemicals (August 1955),\nw o m e n ' s and misses* dresses (August 1955), hotels (July 1955), power laundries and dry cleaners\n(June 1955), office building service (May 1955), contract cleaning service (June 1955), and cigars\nUnion scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are available for the following\ntrades or industries: Building construction, printing, local transit operating employees, and\nS u rv e y\nP h ila d e lp h ia ,\nI n tr o d u c tio n\nO c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll\ne s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f the stu d y an d n o t the n u m b e r a c tu a lly\ns u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s \nt a b lis h m e n t s , the e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b t a in e d f r o m\nthe s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a t e the r e la t iv e\nim p o r t a n c e o f the jo b s s t u d ie d .\nT h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l\ns t r u c t u r e do n o t m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s d a ta .\nT h e P h ila d e lp h ia a r e a is o n e o f s e v e r a l im p o r t a n t in d u s t r ia l\nc e n t e r s in w h ic h the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s h as c o n d u c t e d s u r v e y s\no f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s an d r e la t e d w ag e b e n e fit s o n an a r e a w id e\nb a s i s . In e a c h a r e a , d a ta a r e o b t a in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u\nf i e l d a g e n ts to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d in d u s tr y\nd iv is io n s :\nM a n u fa c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m \nm u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a i l tr a d e ;\nf in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s .\nM a jo r in d u s tr y\ng r o u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m t h e s e s t u d ie s , b e s id e s r a i l r o a d s , a r e g o v e r n m e n t\no p e r a t io n s and the c o n s t r u c t io n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s . E s t a b l i s h \nm e n ts h a v in g f e w e r th an a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m it t e d\na l s o b e c a u s e th e y fu r n is h i n s u f f ic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a t io n s\ns t u d ie d to w a r r a n t in c l u s i o n . *\nW h e r e v e r p o s s i b l e , s e p a r a t e ta b u la \ntio n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s .\nE s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s\nI n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d a l s o (in the B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) on s e \nl e c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e fit s as th e y r e la t e\nto o f f i c e an d p la n t w o r k e r s . T h e t e r m " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " as u s e d in\nth is b u lle t in , in c lu d e s a ll o f f i c e c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s an d e x c lu d e s a d \nm i n is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , an d t e c h n ic a l p e r s o n n e l . "P la n t\nw o r k e r s " in c lu d e w o r k in g f o r e m e n an d a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s ( in \nc lu d in g le a d m e n and t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o f f ic e f u n c t io n s . A d m in is \nt r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , an d t e c h n ic a l e m p l o y e e s , and f o r c e a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t io n e m p lo y e e s w ho a r e u t ili z e d a s a s e p a r a t e w o r k\nf o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . C a f e t e r ia w o r k e r s and r o u t e m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in\nm a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , b u t a r e in c lu d e d as p la n t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n \nu fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s .\nT h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c t e d o n a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the\nu n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o l v e d in s u r v e y in g a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s , and to in s u r e\np r o m p t p u b li c a t io n o f r e s u l t s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r ia t e a c c u r a c y at m i n i \nm u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s\nis s t u d ie d .\nIn c o m b in in g the d a ta , h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e\ng iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e ig h t. E s t im a t e s b a s e d on the e s t a b lis h m e n t s\ns t u d ie d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , as r e la t in g to a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s in\nthe in d u s t r y g r o u p in g a n d a r e a , 2 e x c e p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m\ns i z e s t u d ie d .\nS h ift d if f e r e n t ia l d a ta (ta b le B - l ) a r e l im it e d t a m a n u fa c tu r in g\nin d u s t r ie s . T h is i n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d b o th in t e r m s o f (a) e s t a b \nlis h m e n t p o l i c y , 3 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f to ta l p la n t w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t ,\nan d (b) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d on the b a s i s o f w o r k e r s a c tu a lly\ne m p lo y e d o n the s p e c i f i e d s h ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e s t a b \nlis h m e n t s h a v in g v a r i e d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , the a m o u n t a p p ly in g to a m a jo r it y\nw a s u s e d o r , i f n o a m o u n t a p p lie d to a m a jo r i t y , the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n\n" o t h e r " w as u se d .\nan d E a r n in g s\nT h e o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r stud y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f\nm a n u fa c t u r in g an d n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g in d u s t r ie s . O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s i f i \nc a t io n is b a s e d o n a u n if o r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip t i o n s d e s ig n e d to take\na c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b l is h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u ties w ith in the s a m e jo b\n( s e e a p p e n d ix f o r lis t i n g o f th e s e d e s c r ip t i o n s ) .\nE a r n in g s d a ta a r e\np r e s e n t e d (in the A - s e r i e s t a b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a \nt io n s : (a) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c ) m a in t e \nn a n c e an d p o w e r p la n t ; an d (d) c u s t o d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t .\nM in im u m e n t r a n c e r a t e s (ta b le B - 2 ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s t a b \nlis h m e n t s v i s i t e d .\nT h e y a r e p r e s e n t e d on an e s t a b lis h m e n t , r a th e r\nthan on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s i s .\nS c h e d u le d h o u r s ; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id\nv a c a t i o n s ; an d h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , an d p e n s io n p la n s a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s \nt i c a l l y on the b a s i s th at th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o f f i c e\nw o r k e r s i f a m a jo r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e l i g i b l e o r m a y e v e n t u a lly\nq u a lify f o r the p r a c t i c e s l i s t e d . 4 B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d i\nv id u a l it e m s in th e s e ta b u la tio n s do n o t n e c e s s a r i l y e q u a l t o t a ls .\nD a ta a r e sh o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o s e h ir e d to\nw o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in the g iv e n o c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n .\nE a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on\nw e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h i f t s .\nN o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s a r e e x \nc lu d e d a l s o , b u t c o s t - o f - l i v i n g b o n u s e s and in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e i n \nc lu d e d . W h e r e w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c \nc u p a t io n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the w o r k s c h e d u le s (r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t\nh a lf - h o u r ) f o r w h ic h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a la r ie s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k \nly e a r n in g s f o r th e s e o c c u p a t io n s h av e b e e n ro u n d e d to the n e a r e s t\nh a lf-d o lla r .\nT h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t io n p la n s is l im it e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e \nm e n t s , e x c lu d in g i n f o r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y tim e o f f w ith p a y is g r a n te d\nat the d i s c r e t i o n o f the e m p l o y e r .\nS e p a r a te e s t im a t e s a r e p r o v id e d\n3 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d as h a v in g a p o l i c y i f it m e t\ne it h e r o f the fo llo w in g c o n d it io n s : ( l ) O p e r a t e d la te s h ift s a t the tim e\no f the s u r v e y , o r (2) h ad f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g la te s h ift s .\n4 S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s ( f i r s t s e c t i o n o f\nta b le B - 3 ) a r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o m e n o f f i c e\nw o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o f f i c e s w ith the in d ic a t e d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r w o m e n\nw ork ers.\n* T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in\nN ew Y o r k , N . Y . b y F r e d e r i c k W . M u e ll e r , u n d er the d ir e c t io n o f\nP a u l E . W a r w ic k , R e g io n a l W a ge and In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s .A n a ly s t .\n1 S e e ta b le 1 f o r m i n i m u m - s i z e e s t a b lis h m e n t c o v e r e d .\n2 T h e ta b u la tio n o f m in im u m e n tr a n c e r a te s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e\nw o r k e r s r e la t e s o n ly to p r o v i s i o n s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d .\nand S u p p le m e n ta r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s\na c c o r d i n g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t i c e in c o m p u tin g v a c a t io n p a y m e n t s , s u c h\nas tim e p a y m e n t s , p e r c e n t o f an nual e a r n in g s , o r f l a t - s u m a m o u n ts .\nH o w e v e r , in the ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a t io n a llo w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e ,\np a y m e n ts n o t on a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r t e d ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t\no f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d as the e q u iv a le n t o f\n1 w e e k ’ s pay.\nD ata a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n\np la n s f o r w h ic h at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r ,\ne x c e p t in g o n ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n t s s u c h as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n and\ns o c i a l s e c u r i t y . S u ch p la n s in c lu d e th o s e u n d e r w r it te n b y a c o m m e r c i a l\nin s u r a n c e c o m p a n y and th o s e p r o v i d e d th ro u g h a u n ion fu nd o r p a id\nd i r e c t l y b y the e m p lo y e r o u t o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t in g fu n ds o r f r o m a fund\ns e t a s id e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D ea th b e n e fit s a r e in c lu d e d as a f o r m o f\nl i f e in s u r a n c e .\nS ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e is lim it e d to that ty p e o f i n \ns u r a n c e u n d e r w h ich p r e d e t e r m in e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y\nto the in s u r e d o n a w e e k ly o r m o n th ly b a s i s d u rin g ill n e s s o r a c c id e n t\nd is a b ilit y .\nI n fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll s u c h p la n s to w h ich the\ne m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t e s . H o w e v e r , in N e w Y o r k and N ew J e r s e y , w h ich\nh ave e n a c te d t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m \np lo y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , 5* p la n s a r e in c lu d e d o n ly i f the e m p lo y e r ( l ) c o n \ntr ib u te s m o r e than is le g a ll y r e q u ir e d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e\nw ith b e n e fit s w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n t s o f the la w .\nT a b u la t io n s\no f p a id s i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l im it e d to f o r m a l p la n s w h ic h p r o v i d e fu ll\np a y o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r 's p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k\nb eca u se o f illn e s s .\nS e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v i d e d a c c o r d i n g to\n( l ) p la n s w h ich p r o v id e fu ll p a y and n o w a itin g p e r i o d , and (2 ) p la n s\nIn a d d itio n to the\np r e s e n t a t io n o f the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s w h o a r e p r o v i d e d s i c k n e s s\nand a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r p a id s i c k l e a v e , an u n d u p lic a te d to t a l is\nsh ow n o f w o r k e r s w ho r e c e i v e e it h e r o r b o th ty p e s o f b e n e fit .\nC a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e t im e s r e f e r r e d to as e x te n d e d\nm e d ic a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s th o s e p la n s w h ic h a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t\ne m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s an d in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b e y o n d the\nn o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p it a liz a t io n , m e d i c a l , a n d s u r g i c a l p la n s . M e d \ni c a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le t e o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t\no f d o c t o r s ' f e e s . S u ch p la n s m a y b e u n d e r w r it t e n by c o m m e r c i a l i n \ns u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a t i o n s o r th e y m a y b e s e l f in s u r e d . T a b u la tio n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e lim it e d to th o s e\np la n s that p r o v id e m o n th ly p a y m e n ts f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the w o r k e r 's\n5 T h e t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lif o r n i a and R h o d e I s la n d\ndo n o t r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s .\nTable 1: Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Philadelphia,\nNonmanufacturing ---------------------------------------------Transportation (excluding railroads),\ncommunication, and other public utilities4___\nWholesale trade -------------------------------------------101\nRetail trade 5 ____________________________\nFinance, insurance, and real estate --------------51\nServices 7 _______________________________\nPa. , 1 by major industry division, November 1955\n1 The Philadelphia Area (Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, Pa. , and Camden County, N. J. ). The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table\nprovide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as\na basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (l) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment\ndata compiled considerably in advance of the pay period studied and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey.\n2 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade,\nfinance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment.\n3 Includes executive, technical, professional and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories.\n4 Also excludes taxicabs, and services incidental to water transportation.\n5 Excludes lim ited-price variety stores.\n6 Estimate relates to real estate establishments only.\n7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and\nengineering and architectural services.\nW age T r e n d s f o r S e le c t e d O c c u p a t io n a l G r o u p s\nT a b u la t e d b e lo w a r e in d e x e s o f s a la r ie s o f w o m e n o f f i c e c l e r i \nc a l w o r k e r s , an d o f a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f s e l e c t e d p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s .\nF o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , the in d e x e s r e la t e to a v e r a g e\nw e e k ly s a l a r i e s f o r n o r m a l h o u r s o f w o r k , that i s , the s ta n d a r d w o r k\ns c h e d u le f o r w h ic h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id . F o r p la n t w o r k e r\ng r o u p s , the in d e x e s m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s ,\ne x c lu d in g p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i \nd a y s , and la te s h if t s .\nT h e in d e x e s a r e b a s e d on da ta f o r s e l e c t e d\nk e y o c c u p a t io n s and in c lu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p o r t a n t jo b s\nw ith in e a c h g r o u p . E ig h te e n jo b s w e r e in c lu d e d in the o f f i c e c l e r i c a l\nin d e x ; 10 s k i lle d m a in te n a n c e jo b s and 3 u n s k ille d jo b s w e r e in c lu d e d\nin the p la n t w o r k e r in d e x e s .\nS e e fo o tn o te s to ta b le 2 .\nA v e r a g e w e e k ly s a l a r i e s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e\nc o m p u t e d f o r e a c h o f the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s . T h e a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s\no r h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e th en m u lt ip lie d b y the a v e r a g e o f 1953 and\n1954 e m p lo y m e n t in the j o b .\nT h e s e w e ig h te d e a r n in g s f o r in d iv id u a l\no c c u p a t io n s w e r e th en a d d e d to o b ta in an a g g r e g a te f o r e a c h o c c u \np a tio n a l g r o u p .\nF i n a l l y , th e r a t io o f th e se g ro u p a g g r e g a t e s f o r a\ng iv e n y e a r to th e a g g r e g a t e f o r the b a s e y e a r (19 53 ) w as c o m p u t e d\nan d the r e s u lt m u lt ip lie d b y th e b a s e y e a r in d e x (100) to g e t the in d e x\nf o r the g iv e n y e a r .\nT h e in d e x e s m e a s u r e p r in c ip a lly the e f f e c t s o f ( l ) g e n e r a l\ns a la r y and w a g e c h a n g e s ; (2) m e r i t o r o th e r i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e \nc e i v e d b y in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w h ile in the s a m e jo b ; and (3) la b o r\nA fo .r c e e x p a n s io n m ig h t\nin c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s in a s p e c if i c o c c u \np a tio n and r e s u l t in a d r o p in the in d e x , w h e r e a s a r e d u c tio n in the\np r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s w o u ld h a v e the o p p o s it e e f f e c t . T h e\nin d e x e s a r e a l s o a f f e c t e d b y s h ift s in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e m \np lo y e d b y e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith d if f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s .\nthe m o v e m e n t o f a h ig h -p a y in g e s t a b lis h m e n t o u t o f an a r e a c o u ld\nc a u s e the in d e x to d r o p , e v e n th ou gh no c h a n g e in r a t e s o c c u r r e d in\no t h e r a r e a e s t a b lis h m e n t s .\nT h e u s e o f c o n s ta n t e m p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts e lim in a t e s the e ffe c t s\no f c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h jo b i n \nc lu d e d in the in d e x .\nN o r a r e the in d e x e s in flu e n c e d b y ch a n g e s in\ns ta n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e , s in c e th ey\na r e b a s e d on p a y f o r s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r s .\nIn d e x e s f o r the p e r i o d 1952 to 1955 f o r w o r k e r s in 17 m a jo r\nla b o r m a r k e t s , a p p e a r e d in BL.S B u ll. 11 72 , W a g e s and R e la te d\nB e n e f it s , 17 L a b o r M a r k e t s , 1 9 5 4 -5 5 .\nTable 2: Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office c le rica l1 and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups\nin Philadelphia, Pa. , November 1954 and -November 1955 and percent of increase for selected periods\nPercent increases from—\n(October 1952 = 100)\nNovember 1954 October 1953\nNovember 1955 November 1954 October 1953\nOctober 1952 November 1955\nOffice clerical (women)\nSkilled maintenance (men) _ __\nUnskilled plant (men)\nSkilled maintenance (men)\nBased on data for the following jobs:\nOffice clerical (women):\nB ille rs , machine (billing machine)\nBookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B\nClerks, file, class A and B\nSwitchboard operator- receptionists\nTranscribing-machine operators, general\nTypists, class A and B\nSkilled maintenance (men):\n/v. vccupanonai earnings\nTable A>1: Office Occupation:\n(A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s 1 fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s studied on an a r e a b a s is\nin P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , by in d u stry d iv is io n , N o v e m b e r 1955)\nA ve E G\nS e x , o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n\nWeekly 25. 00 3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 7 0 .0 0 75. 00 8 0 .0 0 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130 .00\n3 5 .0 0 4 0 . 00 45 . 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 o v e r\nC l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c la s s A ____________\nN on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________\nP u b lic u t ilit ie s *\nW h o le s a le tr a d e\nF in a n ce **\n8 4 .5 0\n7 9 .5 0\n7 7 .5 0\nC l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B _____________\nM a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________\nN on m a n u fa ctu rin g\nW h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________\nF in a n c e * *\n6 4 .0 0\nC l e r k s , o r d e r ______________________________\nN o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _______ ____________\nW h o le s a le t r a d e _____________ _____\nR e ta il tr a d e 2\n6 9 .5 0\n7 7 .0 0\nC l e r k s , p a y r o l l ________________________ „\nO ffic e b o y s _________________________________\nM anuf a ctu r in g\nP u b lic u t i li t ie s *\nR e ta il tra d e 2 _______________________\nS e r v i c e s ____ __ ___________________\n3 9 .5 0\n3 7 .5 0\n3 8 .0 0\nP u b lic u t ilit ie s * ____________________\nF in a n ce * * ______________________ ____\n6 7 .5 0\n6 5 .5 0\n5 5 .5 0\n5 7 .0 0\nB i l l e r s , m a ch in e (b o o k k e e p in g\nm a c h i n e ).\nN o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ________________ _____\nR e ta il tr a d e 2 __ ___________________\n"4 -6 .0 -'\nN o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________\nB i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h i n e ) _____\nM a n u fa c tu r in g _____ ___________________\nF in a n ce * *\n6 2 .0 0\n------- 4 ~\nO cc u p a tio n a l W age S u rv e y , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a ., N o v e m b e r 1955\n* T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s .\nU .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F LA B O R\n* * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e .\nB u rea u o f.L a b o r S ta tis tics\n(A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t-t im e w e e k ly h o u rs and e a rn in g s 1 fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s studied on an a r e a b a s is\nSex, occu p a tion , and in d u stry d iv is io n\nNUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF-\nWeekly 2 5 .0 0 3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 *7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 *130.00\n(Standard) (Standard) under\n3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 o v e r\nW om en - C ontinued\nB o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ,\nc la s s B ____________________________________ 1,886\nM an u factu rin g______________________ ___ — 5T\nN onm anufacturing ______________________ 1 ,5 6 9\nW h olesa le tra d e\nR etail trad e 2\nF in a n c e * * __ ________________________ 1, 197\n5 4 .0 0\n4 6 .5 0\nC le r k s , a ccou n tin g , c la s s A _____________ 1, 138\nW h olesa le t r a d e _____________________\nR etail tra d e 2\nF inan ce **\n. .... _ . ___\n3 6 .5\n3 5 .0\n6 1 .0 0\n5 7 .5 0\nC le r k s , a ccou n tin g , c la s s B ___\nP u b lic u t i li t ie s * _\nF inan ce ** __________________________\n2 ,0 1 5\n5 2 .0 0\n6 4 .5 0\nC le r k s , file , c la s s A\nN onm anufacturing ______________________\nP u b lic u t i li t ie s * ____________________\n5 3 .5 0\n_ 3970 '\n4 7 .5 0 '\n3 8 .5 0\n3 9 .0 0\n1 ,4 4 9\nC le r k s , file , c la s s B __________ ________\nM anufacturin g __________________________\nN onm anufacturing ______________________ 1 ,8 0 4\nP u b lic u tilitie s *\nW h olesa le tra d e ____________________\nR etail tra d e\n1 ,0 8 5\nS e r v ic e s . ___________________________\nC le r k s , o r d e r _\nM an u factu rin g. . . . . . .\nP u b lic u tilitie s * ____________________\nR etail tra d e _\n5 3 .0 6 "\n------ S T\n9T~ — n r\nSee fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le .\n* T ra n sp o rta tio n (ex clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s\n** F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te .\n(A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s 1 fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s stu died on an a r e a b a s is\nNUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME; WEEKLY EARNINGS OF-\neekly 2 5 .0 0 3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0\n3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0\n5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 1 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 n o .00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00\n5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 L O.00 105.00 110.00 115 .00 120.00 125.00 130.00 o v e r\nW om en - C on tin u ed\nM a n u fa ctu rin g _\nP u b lic u tilit ie s *\nR e ta il tr a d e _\nF in a n ce ** ...\nS e r v ic e s ............................\n1 ,4 4 1\nC o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s\nM an u factu rin g\nR e ta il tra d e 2\n1 ,0 7 4\nD u p lic a tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s\n(m im e o g r a p h o r d itto)\nM anuf a ctu r ing\nN on m a n u fa ctu rin g _______________ ._______\n5 1 . do\nO ffic e g i r l s __________________________________\nM an u factu rin g _\nF in a n ce * * _______________________ ___\n3 7 .0 0\nS e c r e t a r ie s _________________________________\nP u b lic u t ilitie s *\nR e ta il tra d e 2 _\nF in a n ce * * ____________________________\n2 ,7 1 7\n2 ,4 0 6\n1 ,2 4 7\n6 6 .5 0\n6 7 .0 0\n6 3 .5 0\nS ten ogra p h ers, gen eral\n4 ,5 5 6\nM a n u fa c tu r in g _______________ __________ 2 ,4 0 2\nN on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________ 2, 154\n1 ,0 3 9\nS e r v ic e s ______________________________\nS ee fo o tn o te s at en d o f t a b le .\n* T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s ,\n** F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e .\nP u b lic u t i l i t i e s * ___\nR e ta il tr a d e 2 __ _______________ ___\nT04~ ' 5 6 2 '"\n( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s\nin P h il a d e l p h i a , P a . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 195 5)\nNUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING! STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF-\na n d in d u s tr y d iv is io n\n2 5 . 00 3 0 . 00\n3 0 . 00 3 5 . 00\n3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 * 5 0. 0 0 * 5 5 . 0 0 * 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0\n7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 * 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 * 1 0 5 .0 0 * 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 * 1 2 0 .0 0 * 1 2 5 .0 0 * 1 3 0 .0 0\n5 0. 00\n5 5. 00\n7 0 . 00 7 5 . 0 0\n1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0\nS t e n o g r a p h e r s , t e c h n i c a l - — __________ „\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------\n6 8 .0 0\nS w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ------------- ----------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ ______ ______ ____________\nN o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________\nP u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * --------------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _________________________\nR e t a i l t r a d e 2 ________ ______ __________\nF i n a n c e * * ____ __________ ______________\nS e r v i c e s ____________________________________\nS w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s ______\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ __ _______________________\nP u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _________________________\nW h o l e s a l e t r a d e _________________________\nR e t a i l t r a d e 2 ________ „\n— __ ______\nS e r v i c e s ______ ___________________________\nT a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s _____________\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ ______ ______ ______ __\nN o n m a n u fa c tu r in g „\n---------------- __ ______\nP u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____ ___________________\nF i n a n c e * * ____ __ ______________\ng e n e r a l — __ ---------------- „\n__ ---------------- __\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ ______ ______ __________\nN o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______ ___________________\nW h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____ — — — ______\nF i n a n c e * * ____ __ __ — __ ______ __\nT y p i s t s ,* c l a s s A _________________________________\nM a n u fa c tu r in g —\n--------- --------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g — ----------------------------- __\nW h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____ __ ______________\n— __ — „\nS e r v i c e s ______ ______ _______ ____ _________\nT y p i s t s , c l a s s B ___ __ __________ __ __ __\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________________\nN o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________ _ ______________\nR e t a i l t r a d e 2 _____________________________\n5 7 . 50\n5 5 . 50\n1 ,4 1 9\n4 , 1 45\n1 ,5 0 9\n2 ,6 3 6\n1 ,7 4 1\n5 2 . 50\n1 H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s .\n2 E x clu d e s lim it e d -p r ic e v a r ie t y s t o r e s .\n* T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b li c u t i l i t i e s .\n** F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te .\n( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s\nin P h il a d e l p h i a , P a . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 5 )\na n d in d u s t r y d i v is i o n\n5 0 . 0 0 5 5 .0 0\n5 5. 00 6 0 .0 0\n9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 4 5 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 5 5 . 0 0\n1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 .0 0\n1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0\n1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0\nD r a f t s m e n , l e a d e r _______________________________\nD r a f t s m e n , s e n i o r _______________________________\nN o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________\nP u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ________________________\n1, 3 0 9\n1, 1 8 0\n9 7 .5 0\n9 7 . 50\n9 4 . 00\nD r a f t s m e n , j u n i o r _______________________________\n7 4 . 00\nN u r s e s , i n d u s t r i a l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) ____________\nM a n u fa c tu r in g _\n_ __ ______\n1 H o u r s r e f l e c t t h e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s .\n2 I n c lu d e s 2 w o r k e r s at $ 4 5 t o $ 5 0 .\n* T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b li c u t i l i t i e s .\nA -3 :\nP o w e r p la n t\n( A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s\nin P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 5 )\nC a r p e n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ----------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------- — -------- —\nP u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ----------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e 2 ----------------------------------------\n2 . 37\n2 . 31\n2 . 51\n2 . 18\nE l e c t r i c i a n s , m a i n t e n a n c e _________________\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________\nN o n m a n u f a c t u r in g __ __ __ __ _____ —\n1 ,5 9 9\n1 ,3 4 6\n2 . 35\n2 . 34\nPnKlir n filifioe ♦\nR e t a i l t r a d e 2_ __ __ __ __ __ __\nE n g i n e e r s , s t a t i o n a r y _______________________\nM a n u f a c t u r in g — -------- -------- __ -------N o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g __ __ __ __ __ -------PnKlir ntilitipc ♦\nR e ta il t r a d e 2\n_____ _____ __ __ _____\nS ervices __ __ ____\n* T r a n s p o r ta tio n (e x clu d in g r a il r o a d s ),\n* * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e .\n2 . 08\nU n d e r 1. op *1. 10\n1. 10 1. 20\n1. 40 * 1 .5 0 * 1 .6 0 * 1 .7 0\n1 . 9 0 *2 . 00 *2 . 10 *2 . 20 *2 . 30 * 2 . 4 0 * 2 . 5 0 *2 . 60 * 2 . 70 * 2 . 80 *2 . 90 * 3 . 00 *3 . 10 * 3 . 2 0\n2 . 20\n2 . 70\n2 . 80\nc o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s ,\n3 . 30 * 3 . 4 0\n_ 3 2\nO c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . , N o v e m b e r 1 95 5\nTable A-3: Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations - Continued\n( A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s tu d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s\nin P h il a d e lp h ia , P a . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 1 95 5)\nM a c h i n i s t s , m a i n t e n a n c e ___________________\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------\n1 ,2 5 3\nM e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t iv e ( m a i n t e n a n c e ) ___\nM a n u f a c t u r in g _______ __ __ _____ __ __\n* N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________ __ _________\nP u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ______________________\ntraH p ^\nM e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ____________________\nM a n u fa c t u r in g _\n_ _________ __ __ __ __\nN o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____ _\nR e t a il traH p ^\n1 ,8 0 5\nP a i n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e __ _____ __ _____\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g ______ _____________ ___ _\nN o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________\nP u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ___ __ __ ____ _\n__ __ _____ __ _____ __\n1 . 80\n1 .9 0 *2 . 0 0 2 . 10 2 . 2 0 2 . 30 2 . 4 0 2 . 5 0 2 . 6 0 2 . 7 0 2 . 80 2 . 9 0 3 . 0 0 3. 10 3. 20 3 . 30 3 . 4 0\n2 . 19\nO i l e r s ___________________________________________\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g ---- -------------------------- --------\n2 . 26\nM a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m _______\nM a n u fa c t u r in g — -------------------------------------\nM illw r ig h ts _\n_ ___________________________ _\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g __ __ — _________ _____\n2 , 357\n1 ,7 0 5\nH e l p e r s , t r a d e s , m a i n t e n a n c e ____________\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g ______ _____ _ ____ _\nN o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____ _____ _________\nP u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ___ _________________\nW h o l e s a le t r a d e ___ _________________\nR e t a i l t r a d e 2 ----- -------------- --------------\nU n d e i 1 . 0 0 1 . 10 1 . 2 0\n1 .0 0 in d e r\n1. 10 1 . 2 0 1 .3 0\nF i r e m e n , s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r -----------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------- __ — -------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g — ~ — -------------- __\nR e t a i l t r a d e 2 ---------------------------- --------\n3 . 1Q\nP i p e f i t t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e - __ —\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g _ ___ _\n_____ _______ ___\nP l u m b e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e __ _____ __ __ „\nN o n m a n u fa c t u r in g — __ „\n2 . 11\n2 . 02\nS h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ______\n2 . 27\n1 ,9 0 3\n1 ,9 0 1\nT o o l a n d d ie m a k e r s\n__ __ _____ _______\nE x clu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and late s h ifts .\nE x clu d e s lim i t e d -p r i c e v a r ie t y s t o r e s .\nA ll w o r k e r s w e r e at $ 3. 50 to $ 3. 60.\nT ra n sp o rta tio n (ex clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s .\nF in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te .\n(A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s 2 s t u d ie d on a n a r e a b a s is\nin P h il a d e lp h ia , P a . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 5 )\nE le v a to r o p e r a to r s , p a s s e n g e r\n(m e n )\n------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e 3 --------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * ---------------------------------------------\n1 .3 8\n0 . 60 0 . 70 0 . 80 0 . 9 0\n•90 1 . 0 0\n1 . 10 1 . 2 0\n1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1 . 80 1 . 9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 2 0 2 . 30 2 . 4 0 2 . 50 2 . 60 2 . 70 2 . 80 2 . 9 0 3 . 00 3. 10\n1 . 50\n1 . 60\n2 . 60\nE le v a to r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r\nG u a r d s --------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------\n1 ,6 2 6\n1 , 1 SO\n1 . 79\n1 .3 2\n6 , 591\n3 , 649\n2 ,9 4 2\n1 .2 3\n1 .3 3\n2 ,6 8 8\n1 6 74\nI . C7\n1 .0 6\nL a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g --------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * --------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e --------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e 3------------------------------------------\n1 1 ,5 4 3\n3 , 773\n1 , 1 24\n2 , 030\n1 .5 7\nO r d e r f i l l e r s ___ __ _____ ________________\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________\nN o n m a n u f a c t u r in g — -------------- ------------W h o le s a le tr a d e\n— _____ _ _ _ _ _\nR e t a i l t r a d e 3 ---- -------------- -------- _\n2 ,6 8 5\n1 ,7 9 7\n1 ,0 0 8\nJ a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e -----------------------------------\n( w o m e n ) ---------------------------------------------------------M a n U Ia L tU rin g\nN o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ------------------------ --------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ----------------------------------F in a n ce\n* T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s\nO c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P h il a d e l p h i a , P a . , N o v e m b e r 1955\n( A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s 2 s t u d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s\nin P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 195 5)\nNUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—\nP ackers, shipping (men) ------ ----------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------W holesale trade ------------------------------------Retail trade 3 --------------------------------------------\nP a ckers, shipping (women) -------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------Retail trade 3 --------------------------------\nReceiving clerks -----------------------------------M anu factu ring ------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ---------------------------------------W holesale t r a d e --------------------------------------Retail trade 3 --------------------------------\nShipping clerks --------------------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------Wholesale t r a d e ----------------------------\nShipping and receiving clerks --------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------N onm anufacturing ----------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e --------------------------------------Retail trade 3 --------------------------------------------\nT ruckdrivers 5 ----------------------------------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------N onm anufacturing-----------------------------Public utilities * ---------------------------W holesale t r a d e ----------------------------Retail trade 3 --------------------------------------------\n2,0 6 8\nT ru ckd rivers, light (under\nlVa tons) ----------------------------------------------------------M anu factu ring------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------\n2 ! 15\nT ru ckd rivers, medium (lVz to and\nincluding 4 tons) ----------------------------M anu factu ring-------------- _\n---------------N onm anufacturing------------------------W holesale t r a d e ------------------------------Retail trade 3 ---------------------------------------\n0.60 0. 70 0.80 0. 90 1.00 1. 10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1. 60 1. 70 1.80 1 .90 2.00 2. 10 2.20\n20 1.00 1 . 1 0 1.20 1,30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2. 10 2.20 2.30\n313 393 207\n310 '2 9 0 “ 207\n6 — rr\n14 r 76“\n72 7 559\n2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90\nT r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b li c u t i l i t i e s .\n2. 30 2 .40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80\n( A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s 2 s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s\n0 . 6 0 0. 70 0 . 80 0 . 9 0 1 . 0 0 1. 10 1 . 2 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 . 5 0 1 . 6 0 1 . 7 0 1 . 8 0 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 2 0 2 . 30 2 . 4 0 2 . 5 0\n.9 0 1 . 0 0 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 . 5 0 1 . 6 0 1. 7 0 1 . 80 1 . 9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 2 0 2 . 30 2 . 4 0 2 . 50 2 . 6 0\n2 . 8 0 2 . 9 0 3 . 00 3 . 10\nT r u c k d r i v e r s 5 - C o n t in u e d\nT r u c k d r iv e r s , heavy (o v e r 4 to n s,\nt r a i l e r t y p e ) __________ .___________________\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________\nN o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________\n2 . 05\n2 .2 7\nT r u c k d r iv e r s , h eavy (o v e r 4 to n s,\no t h e r th a n t r a i l e r t y p e ) ________________\nP u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ___________________\nW h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________________\n1 ,7 2 9\nT r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) _________________\nP u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ______ ______________\nR e ta il tra d e 3\n1 ,4 2 4\n2 , 055\nT r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( o t h e r th a n\nf o r k l i f t ) _______________________________________\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________\nW a t c h m e n ______________________________________\nM a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________\nP u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _______________________\nW h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________\nR e t a il t r a d e 3\nFinance ** _________________________\nS ervices ___________________________\nE xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.\nData lim ited to men w ork ers except where otherwise indicated.\nE xcludes lim ite d -p rice variety s tores.\nIncludes 1 w orker at under $ 0 .6 0 .\nIncludes all d riv e rs reg a rd less of size and type of truck operated.\nTransportation (excluding ra ilroa d s), com m unication, and other public utilities.\nFinance, insurance, and real estate.\nB -1 :\nD iffe r e n tia l\nP r o v is io n s 1\nP ercent of manufacturing plant w o rk e rs—\nIn establishm ents having\nform al p rov ision s fo r—\nWith shift pay differential\nU niform cents (per hour)\n4 cents ______________________________________________\n5 V3 cents _____________\n6 cents ______________________________________________\n7 V2 cents _________________________________________;___\n10 cents ______________________________________________\n12 or I 2 V2 cents\nOver 121 cents\nU niform percentage\nThird o r other\nA ctually working on—\nT hird o r other\n5 p e r c e n t __________________________________________\n7, 7 V4 or 7 V2 percent ________________________________\n10 percent ____________________________________________\n15 p ercent ____________________________________________\nFull day’ s pay for reduced hours ______________________\nFull day’ s pay for reduced hours, plus cents or\npercentage differential or flat sum ___________________\nP ercen t o f base rate, le ss uniform cents ______________\nNo shift pay differential\nShift d ifferential data are presented in te rm s of (a) establishm ent p olicy, and (b) w orkers actually em p loyed on late\nshifts at the tim e of the survey. An establishm ent was con sid ered as having a policy if it met either o f the follow ing con d i\ntions: ( l ) Operated late shifts at the tim e of the survey, or (2) had form al p rovisions covering late shifts,\nt L ess than 0 .0 5 percen t.\nOccupational Wage Survey, Philadelphia, P a ., N ovem ber 1955\nU .S. DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR\nBureau o f L abor S tatistics\nTable B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers'\nNumber o f establishm ents with s p e c ifie d m in im u m hiring rate in—\nM inim um rate\n(w eek ly sa la ry )\nM anufactur ing\nin d ustries\nE sta blish m en ts s t u d ie d ______________\nN um ber o f esta blishm ents with s p e c ifie d m inim um hiring rate in—\nNonm anufactur ing\nind u stries\nsch ed u les\nFOR IN EXPERIENCED TYPISTS\nE sta blish m en ts having a\ns p e c ifie d m in im u m ________________\n$ 3 0 .0 0\nFOR OTHER INEXPERIENCED C L E R IC A L WORKERS\nB ased on standard w eekly hours 2 of—\nE sta blish m en ts having no\ns p e c ifie d m in im u m _________________\nE sta blish m en ts w hich did not\nem p lo y w o r k e rs in this\nc a t e g o r y ____\nData not ava ilab le ____________________\nL o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l is h e d f o r h ir in g in e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s f o r ty p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s .\nH o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e th e ir r e g u l a r s t r a ig h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s . D ata a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l w o r k w e e k s c o m b in e d , a n d f o r the m o s t c o m m o n w o rk w e e k s\nrep orted .\nO c c u p a t io n a l W a ge S u r v e y , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , N o v e m b e r 1955\nB u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t is tic s\nTable B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours\nPERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EM PLOYED IN —\nA ll w ork ers\nUnder 35 h ou r 8 _________________________________\n35 hours _________________________________________\nOver 35 and under 37 l/z hours _________________\n37V2 hours ______________________________________\nOver 3 7 V2 and under 40 hours _________________\n40 hours _________________________________________\nOver 40 and under 44 hours ___________________\n44 hours _________________________________________\nO ver 44 hours __________________________________\nFinance * *\n^ ata rela te to w om en w o rk e rs on ly .\nE xcludes lim it e d -p r ic e va riety s to r e s .\nIncludes data fo r rea l estate in addition to those industry d ivision s shown s e p a ra te ly .\nt L e s s than 2 .5 p ercen t.\n* * F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and rea l esta te.\nO ccupational W age S urvey, P hila d elp h ia , P a ., N ovem ber 1955\nU. S. DE P A RT M EN T O F LA BO R\nA ll w o r k e rs ...\np a id h o l i d a y s ______________________________________\nI h o lid a y _________________________________________\n3 h o lid a y s _____________________________________\n5 h o l i d a y s ________________________________________\n6 h o lid a y s _______________________________________\nF u ll d a y s o n ly _______________________________\nP lu s 1 h a lf h o lid a y _________________________\nP lu s 2 h a lf h o lid a y s ________________________\nP lu s 3 h a lf h o lid a y s _______________________\nP lu s 7 h a lf h o l i d a y s _________________ _______\n7 h o lid a y s _______________________________________\nP lu s 1 h a lf h o l i d a y _________________________\nP lu s 2 h a lf h o lid a y s _______________________\nP lu s 7 h a lf h o l i d a y s ________________________\n8 h o lid a y s _______________________________________\nP lu s 3 h a lf h o l i d a y s ________________________\n9 h o lid a y s _______________________________________\nP I u 8 1 h a lf h o l i d a y _________________________\n10 h o lid a y s ______________________________________\nI h o lid a y s ______________________________________\nP lu s 1 h a lf h o l i d a y _________________ ________\n12 h o lid a y s ______________________________________\n13 h o lid a y s _______________________________________\nW o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no\np a id h o l i d a y s ____________________________________ _\n1 E stim a tes rela te to fu ll-d a y h olidays p rovided annually, as in e a r lie r stu dies.\nThese a re further divided between w o rk e rs who re c e iv e m e r e ly the indicated num ber o f fu ll-d a y holid ays, and\nthose who r e c e iv e 1 o r m o re h a lf-h o lid a y s in addition.\n2 E xclu d es lim it e d -p r ic e v a rie ty s to r e s .\n3 Includes data fo r rea l estate in addition to those industry division s shown sep a ra te ly ,\nt L e s s than 2 .5 p e rce n t.\n* T ra n sp ortation (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s.\n** F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and rea l esta te.\nO ccupational Wage Survey, P h iladelph ia, P a ., N ovem ber 1955\nU .S . DEPARTM EN T OF LABOR\nTable B-5: Paid Vacations\nP ERCENT OF PLANT W ORKERS EM PLOYED IN —\nMETHOD O F PA YM E N T\nW orkers in esta blishm ents providing paid\nL e n g th -o f-tim e p a y m e n t___________________\nP ercen tage paym ent _______________________\nF la t-su m paym ent _________________________\nO t h e r ________________________________________\nW orkers in establishm ents providing no paid\nAMOUNT O F VACATION PA Y\nA fter 1 yea r o f s e r v ic e\n1 w e e k ____________________\nOver 1 and under 2 w eeks\n2 w e e k s ___________________\n3 weeks ___________________\nA fter 2 y ea rs o f s e r v ic e\n1 week ________________________\nOver 1 and under 2 w e e k s ___\n2 weeks ______________________\nOver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ___\n3 weeks _______________________\nA fter 3 y ea rs o f s e r v ic e\n1 w e e k ___________________________\nOver 1 and under 2 w eeks ______\n2 weeks __________________________\nOver 2 and under 3 w e e k s _______\n3 weeks __________________________\nA fter 5 y ea rs o f s e r v ic e\n2 weeks ___________________\nOver 2 and under 3 w eeks\n3 weeks __________________\nSee footnotes at end o f ta b le.\n* T ransp ortation (exclu din g r a ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s .\n** Finance, in su ra n ce, and rea l esta te.\nO ccupational Wage S urvey, P hilad elp h ia, P a . , N ovem ber 1955\nU .S . DE P A RT M EN T OF LABO R\nIn the tabulations o f va cation a llow an ces by y e a rs o f s e r v ic e , payments other than "length o f t im e " ,\nsuch as percen tage o f annual earnings o r fla t-s u m paym ents, w ere con verted to an equivalent tim e\nb a s is; fo r exam p le, a paym ent o f 2 p ercen t o f annual earnings was co n sid e re d as 1 week*s pay.\nTable B-5: Paid Vacations - Continued\nA ll w o r k e rs\nW ORKERS EM PLOYED IN—\nAMOUNT OF V AC A TIO N P A Y - Continued\nA fter 10 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e\n1 w eek\n.. _ ...\nO ver 1 and under 2 w eeks\nO ver 2 and under 3 w eeks\n3 w eeks\nO ver 3 and under 4 w eeks\n_ .... .\nA fter 15 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e\n1 w eek ___\nO ver 2 and under 3 w eeks .....\n3 w eek s\n4 w eeks and o v e r\nA fter 20 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e\n1 w eek ... _\nO v er 1 and under 2 w eeks ..\nO v er 2 and under 3 w eeks\n......... . ........\n4 w eek s and ov er\nA fter 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e\n1 w e e k __ ____\n4 w eek s and o v er\nE xclu d es lim it e d -p r ic e v a rie ty s to r e s .\nInclu des data fo r re a l esta te in addition to those industry division s shown s e p a ra te ly ,\nL e s s than 2 .5 p e rce n t.\nT ra n sp orta tion (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s.\nF in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and re a l esta te.\nPERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED I N -\nA ll w ork ers ____________________________________\nPE R C E N T OF PLANT W ORKERS E M PLOYED IN —\nW orkers in establishm ents p roviding:\nL ife insurance ------------------------------------ -----A ccid ental death and dism em berm en t\nin s u ra n c e __________________________________\nSickness and accid ent insurance\no r s ick leave o r b o th 3 ___________________\nS ickness and a ccid en t in s u r a n c e ..............\nwaiting p e r io d )-------------------------------------Sick lea ve (partial pay or\nwaiting p e r io d )_______\n- - ..............\nH ospitalization insurance __________________\nS urgical in s u r a n c e _______ ___________________\nM edical insurance __________________________\nCatastrophe insurance _____________________\nR etirem ent pension ______________ ________\nNo health, in su ra n ce, or pension\nplan ______ _____ _____ _____________________\nE xcludes lim ite d -p r ic e va riety s to r e s . E stim ates are not com p a ra ble with those published in the p reviou s bulletins due to d iffe re n ce s in the m ethod o f cla s s ify in g ce rta in occu p ation a l g ro u p s.\nIncludes data for rea l estate in addition to those industry d ivision s shown s ep a ra tely.\nUnduplicated total o f w orkers receiv in g sick leave o r s ick n e ss and a ccid ent insurance shown sepa ra tely below .\n4 L im ited to a few la rge esta b lish m en ts.\nf L ess than 2 .5 p ercen t.\nO ccupational vVage S urvey, P hilad elp h ia, P a ., N ovem b er 1955\nU .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LABO R\n** F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and real esta te.\nA p p e n d ix ’ Job Descriptions\nT h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r th e B u r e a u ’ s w a g e s u r v e y s is to\nit s f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g in t o a p p r o p r i a t e o c c u p a t i o n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p l o y e d u n d e r\nr e p r e s e n tin g\nin te r a r e a\nc a n tly\ns u p e r v is o r ^ ,\nd iffe r e n t\nc o m p a r a b le\ntem p o ra ry ,\nc o m p a r a b ility\na p p ly in g th e s e\nt it le s\ne s s e n tia l\na p p r e n tic e s ,\nB ecau se\nco n te n t,\nin d iv id u a l\na^nd p r o b a t i o n a r y\nco n te n t.\no f o c c u p a tio n a l\nd e s c r ip tio n s ,\na rra n g e m e n ts\nle a r n e r s ,\np rep ared\nt r a in e e s ,\nin t e r e s ta b lis h m e n t\nd e s c r ip tio n s\nr e p r e s e n ta tiv e s\nb e g in n e r s ,\ng r o u p in g\ne m p h a s is\nB u rea u ’s\ne s ta b lis h m e n t s\nt h e B u r e a u 's\nin s tr u c te d\nh a n d ic a p p e d\nd iffe r\ns ig n ifi\npu rp oses.\nto e x c lu d e w o r k \np a r t-tim e ,\nP r e p a r e s s ta t e m e n ts , b ills , a n d in v o ic e s o n a m a c h in e o th e r\no r d in a r y o r e le c t r o m a t ic t y p e w r it e r . M a y a ls o k e e p r e c o r d s\nto b illin g s\nc id e n ta l\nm a c h in e ,\ns h ip p in g c h a r g e s\nb illin g\nB ille r ,\n(M o o n\nty p in g\n(b illin g\nH o p k in s ,\nin v o ic e s\no p e r a t io n s .\nm a c h in e )\nE llio t t\nb ille r s ,\nr e q u ir in g\ns p e c ia l\np rep are\nin te r n a lly\na n d e x p e r ie n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g p r i n c ip l e s a n d f a m i l i a r i t y w ith\nth e s tr u c t u r e o f th e p a r t ic u la r a c c o u n t in g\nsy ste m\nm in e s\nd is tr ib u tio n\nd e b it\nt o b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f th e w o r k .\nr e p o r t s , b a la n c e s h e e t s , a n d o th e r r e c o r d s\nB u rrou gh s,\nm a c h in e s )\npu rch ase\nc le r ic a l w o rk\npu rp oses,\nF is h e r ,\na n d a d d in g\ncu stom ers'\nO PE R ATO R\np r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d\none or m o re ph ases\nof a set of record s\nu s u a lly r e q u ir in g\ns e c t io n s\nlitt le k n o w le d g e o f b a s ic b o o k \nin c lu d e\na ccou n ts\np a y a b le ,\np a y r o ll,\ns h ip p in g m e m o r a n d a ,\nU s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a t io n\no f p r e d e te r m in e d\nd is c o u n ts\nc u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (n o t in c lu d in g a s im p l e t y p e o f b illin g d e s c r i b e d\nu n d e r b ille r , m a c h in e ), c o s t d is tr ib u tio n , e x p e n s e d is tr ib u tio n , in \nv e n to ry\ne x te n s io n s ,\nca rb o n c o p ie s\nfa n fo ld\nw h ic h m a y\nto ta ls\nm a y not\ncom p u ted\na u t o m a t ic a lly\nT h e o p e r a t io n\nu s u a lly in v o lv e s\no f th e b ill b e in g p r e p a r e d a n d\no n th e\na c c u m u la t e d\na la r g e n u m b e r o f\nis o ft e n d o n e o n a\nC LE R K ,\na n t,\n(S u n d s tr a n d ,\nin v o lv e s\nE llio t t F is h e r ,\ns im u lta n e o u s\nth e d e b it o r\nb o o k k e e p in g .\nr e c e iv a b le\na b o o k k e e p in g\nR e m in g to n R a n d ,\nb a la n c e s .\nW ork s\ns u b s id ia r y\no p e r a t io n .\nD oes not\nfig u r e s\np r in ts\ns ta n d a rd\nle d g e r\na u to\nk n o w l\nS u n d stra n d ,\na t y p e w r it e r\nk e y b o a r d ) to\nN a tio n a l C a s h R e g i s t e r ,\nb u s in e s s\nin p r e p a r a t io n\nth e a c c o u n t in g\ntr ia l\nd e p a rtm e n t.\ne x a m in in g\nof a b ook k eep er or a ccou n t\none o r m o re\nr e la tin g to on e p h a s e\nle d g e r s\nW o r k in v o lv e s\na s s ig n a tio n s\na n d c lo s in g\nb a la n c in g\nvou ch ers\na llo c a t io n s .\njo u r n a l e n t r ie s ;\np o s tin g an d\nd is tr ib u tio n ;\no r w ith \nt io n a l\nB - U nder\no p e r a t io n s\ne x p e r ie n c e\nm a y d ir e c t c la s s\ns u p e r v is io n , p e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e r o u tin e\nsu ch as\np o s tin g\ns im p le\njo u r n a l v o u c h e r s ,\np a y a b le v o u c h e r s ;\nr e c o n c ilin g\n(R e m in g to n\np r e p a r in g , a d ju s t in g ,\nb o o k k e e p in g\np a y a b le ;\nU n d er g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n\ncou n ts\no r a s s is t\ns lip s .\nm e n t 's\np le te\nM ay ch eck\nco n tr o l sh eets fo r\nr e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r k e e p in g\ne t c . , w h ic h\na c c u m u la t e s\nand com p u tes\np rep a re\no f v e r t ic a l c o lu m n s\nm a tic a lly\n(b o o k k e e p in g\nm a y n o t h a v e t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d )\nand p rep a re\nc o n tr o l,\nb a la n c e s\na ccou n ts;\nle d g e r s .\ne n te r in g v o u c h e r s\nin v o u c h e r\np r in c ip le s\nth e m o r e r o u tin e a c c o u n t in g w o r k\nb a s is a m o n g s e v e r a l w o r k e r s .\nr e q u ir e\nr e g is te r s ;\ns u b d iv id e d\no ffic e s\nfu n c \nCL E R K ,\nC la s s A - R e sp o n sib le fo r m ain tain in g an e s ta b lis h e d filin g\ns y s te m . C la s s if ie s and in d exes c o rre s p o n d e n c e o r o th e r m a te r ia l;\nm a y a ls o file th is m a te r ia l. M ay keep re c o r d s of v a rio u s typ es\nin con ju n ction w ith file s o r s u p e r v is e o th e rs in filin g and lo c atin g\nm a te r ia l in the f i le s .\nM ay p e rfo rm in c id e n ta l c le r i c a l d u tie s .\nC la s s B - P e r fo r m s ro u tin e filin g , u s u a lly of m a t e r ia l th at\nhas a lr e a d y been c la s s ifie d , o r lo c a te s o r a s s i s t s in lo c atin g m a \nt e r i a l in the f i le s .\nM ay p e rfo rm in c id e n ta l c le r i c a l d u tie s.\nR e c e iv e s c u s t o m e r s ’ o r d e r s fo r m a t e r ia l o r m e rc h a n d is e by\nm a il, phone, o r p e r s o n a lly .\nD uties in v o lv e an y c o m b in ation of the\nfo llo w in g : Quoting p r ic e s to c u s to m e rs ; m akin g out an o r d e r s h e e t\nlis tin g the ite m s to m ake up the o r d e r ; ch eckin g p r ic e s and q u an titie s\nof ite m s on o rd e r sh ee t; d is trib u tin g o r d e r s h e e ts to r e s p e c tiv e d e \np a rtm e n ts to be fille d .\nM ay c h eck w ith c r e d it d e p a rtm e n t to d e t e r \nm in e c re d it ra tin g of c u s to m e r, ackn o w led ge re c e ip t o f o r d e r s fro m\nc u s to m e rs , fo llo w up o r d e r s to s e e th at th e y h ave been fille d , keep\nfile of o r d e r s r e c e iv e d , and ch ec k shipping in v o ic e s w ith o rig in a l\no rd e rs.\nKE Y-PU N CH OPERATOR\nU nder g e n e ra l s u p e rv is io n and w ith no s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s i \nb ilitie s , re c o r d s accou n tin g and s t a t i s t i c a l d ata on ta b u la tin g c a r d s\nby punching a s e r ie s of h o les in the c a r d s in a s p e c ifie d seq u e n c e ,\nu sin g an a lp h a b e tic a l o r a n u m e ric a l k e y -p u n c h m a c h in e , fo llo w in g\nw ritte n in fo rm a tio n on r e c o r d s .\nM ay d u p lic a te c a r d s by u sin g the\nd u p licatin g d e vic e a ttac h ed to m a c h in e .\nK e e p s f i le s o f punch c a r d s .\nM ay v e r i f y own w o rk o r w o rk o f o th e r s .\nO FFICE BOY OR GIRL\nP e r fo r m s v a rio u s ro u tin e d u ties su ch a s ru nning e r r a n d s ,\no p e ra tin g m in o r o ffic e m a ch in es su ch a s s e a le r s o r m a i le r s , opening\nand d is trib u tin g m a il, and o th e r m in o r c l e r i c a l w o rk .\nSE C R E T A R Y\nP e r fo r m s s e c r e t a r i a l and c l e r i c a l d u ties fo r a s u p e r io r in an\na d m in is tra tiv e o r e x ec u tiv e p o s itio n . D u ties in clu d e m akin g a p p o in t\nm en ts f o r s u p e rio r; re c e iv in g p e o p le com in g in to o ffic e ; a n s w e rin g\nand m akin g phone c a lls ; handling p e r s o n a l and im p o rta n t o r c o n fi\nd e n tia l m a il, and w ritin g ro u tin e c o rre s p o n d e n c e on own in itia tiv e ;\ntaking d icta tio n (w here tr a n s c r ib in g m a c h in e is n ot u sed ) e ith e r in\nsh orth an d o r by sten otyp e o r s i m i la r m a c h in e , and tr a n s c r ib in g d ic t a \ntion o r the re c o rd e d in fo rm a tio n re p ro d u c e d on a tr a n s c r ib in g m a c h in e .\nM ay p r e p a r e s p e c ia l re p o rts o r m e m o ra n d a f o r in fo rm a tio n of s u p e r io r .\nSTENOGRAPHER, GEN ERAL\nC om putes w ag es of com p an y e m p lo y e e s and e n te rs the n e c e s \ns a r y data on the p a y r o ll s h e e ts . D uties in v o lv e : C a lc u la tin g w o r k e r s ’\ne arn in g s b ased on tim e o r p ro d u ctio n re c o r d s ; p ostin g c a lc u la te d data\non p a y r o ll sh e e t, show ing in fo rm a tio n su ch a s w o r k e r 's n am e, w o rk in g\nd ay s, tim e , r a te , deductions fo r in s u ra n c e , and to ta l w ag es due. M ay\nm ake out p ay ch ecks and a s s i s t p a y m a s te r in m akin g up and d i s \ntrib u tin g p ay e n v e lo p e s.\nM ay u se a c a lc u la tin g m a c h in e .\nP r im a r y duty is to take d ic ta tio n fro m one o r m o re p e r s o n s ,\ne ith e r in sh orth an d o r by sten o typ e o r s i m i la r m a c h in e , in v o lv in g a\nn o rm a l ro u tin e v o c a b u la ry , and to tr a n s c r ib e th is d ic ta tio n on a ty p e \nw r i t e r . M ay a ls o type fro m w r itte n c o p y. M ay a ls o s e t up and keep\nfile s in o r d e r , keep sim p le r e c o r d s , e tc .\nD oes not in clu d e t r a n s c rib in g -m a c h in e w o rk (see tr a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e o p e r a to r) .\nP r i m a r y duty is to o p e ra te a C o m p to m e te r to p e r fo r m m a th e \nm a tic a l c o m p u tatio n s.\nThis jo b is not to be con fu sed w ith th at of\ns ta tis tic a l o r o th e r type of c le r k , w h ich m a y in v o lv e fre q u e n t u se of\na C o m p to m e te r but, in w h ich , u se of th is m ach in e is in c id e n ta l to\np e rfo rm a n c e o f o th e r d u tie s .\nP r im a r y duty is to take d ic ta tio n fr o m one o r m o re p e rs o n s ,\nv a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y su ch a s in le g a l b r ie fs o r\nr e p o rts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h and to t r a n s c r ib e th is d ic ta tio n on a\nty p e w r ite r . M ay a ls o type fro m w r itte n c o p y . M ay a ls o s e t up and\nkeep file s in o rd e r, keep s im p le r e c o r d s , e tc .\nD oes not in clu d e\ntra n s c rib in g -m a c h in e w o rk .\nDUPLICATING-M ACHINE O PERATO R (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)\nSWITCHBOARD O PERATOR\nU nder g e n e ra l s u p e rv is io n and w ith no s u p e r v is o r y re s p o n \ns ib ilitie s , re p ro d u c e s m u ltip le cop ies of ty p e w ritte n o r h a n d w ritte n\nm a tte r, u sin g a m im e o g ra p h o r d itto m a c h in e . M akes n e c e s s a r y a d \nju stm e n t su ch as fo r ink and p a p e r feed c o u n te r and c y lin d e r sp eed .\nIs not re q u ire d to p re p a r e s te n c il o r ditto m a s t e r . M ay keep file of\nu sed s te n c ils o r ditto m a s t e r s .\nM ay s o r t, c o lla te , and sta p le c o m \np leted m a te r ia l.\nO perates a s in g le - o r m u ltip le - p o s itio n tele p h o n e s w itc h b o a rd .\nD uties in v o lv e handling in co m in g, outgoing, and in tra p la n t o r o ffic e\nM ay r e c o r d to ll c a lls and ta k e m e s s a g e s .\nM ay g ive i n f o r \nm a tio n to p e rs o n s who c a ll in, o r o c c a s io n a lly ta k e telep h o n e o r d e r s .\nF o r w o rk e r s who a ls o a c t as re c e p tio n is ts s e e s w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r re c e p tio n is t.\nTRANSCRIBING-MACHINE O PERATO R, G EN ERAL - Continued\nSW ITCH BOARD O PE RATO R -R ECEPTIO N IST\nIn a d d itio n to p e rfo rm in g d u ties of o p e ra to r, on a sin g le p o s i\no r m o n ito r -ty p e sw itc h b o a rd , a c ts a s re c e p tio n is t and m a y a ls o\no r p e r fo r m ro u tin e c le r i c a l w o rk as p a rt of re g u la r d u tie s .\ntyping o r c le r i c a l w o rk m a y take the m a jo r p a rt of th is w o r k e r 's\nw h ile a t sw itc h b o a rd .\nTABULATIN G-M ACH IN E OPERATOR\nO p e ra te s m a c h in e th at a u to m a tic a lly a n a ly z e s and tr a n s la te s\nin fo rm a tio n punched in g ro u p s of tabu latin g c a rd s and p rin ts t r a n s \nla te d data on fo rm s o r accou n tin g re c o r d s ; se ts o r a d ju sts m a c h in e ;\nd oes s im p le w ir in g of p lu g b o ard s ac c o rd in g to e sta b lis h e d p ra c tic e\no r d ia g ra m s ; p la c e s c a rd s to be tabu lated in feed m ag azin e and s t a r ts\nm a c h in e . M ay file c a r d s a f t e r th ey a r e tabu lated . M ay, in ad d itio n ,\no p e ra te a u x ilia r y m a c h in e s .\nin clu d ed . A w o rk e r who ta k e s d icta tio n in sh o rth an d o r by sten otyp e\no r s im ila r m a c h in e is c la s s ifie d as a s te n o g ra p h e r, g e n e ra l.\nU ses a ty p e w r ite r to m ake cop ies of v a rio u s m a te r ia l o r to\nm ake out b ills a f t e r c a lc u la tio n s h ave been m ad e b y a n o th er p e rs o n .\nM ay do c le r i c a l w o rk in vo lvin g little s p e c ia l tra in in g , such as k e e p \ning sim p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o rts o r s o rtin g and d is \ntrib u tin g incom ing m a il.\nC la s s A - P e r fo r m s one o r m o re o f the fo llo w in g : Typing\nm a t e r ia l in fin a l fo rm fro m v e r y rou gh and in v o lv e d d ra ft; c o p y \ning fro m p la in o r c o r r e c te d copy in w h ich th e re is a fre q u e n t\nand v a r ie d u s e of te c h n ic a l and u n u su al w o rd s o r fro m fo re ig n lan guage copy; com bining m a te r ia l fro m s e v e r a l s o u rc e s , o r\nplanning la y o u t of c o m p lica te d s ta tis tic a l ta b le s to m a in tain u n i\nfo r m ity and b alan c e in sp acin g ; typing ta b le s fro m rough d ra ft in\nfin a l fo rm .\nM ay type ro u tin e fo rm le t t e r s , v a ry in g d e ta ils to\nsu it c irc u m s ta n c e s .\nTRANSCRIBING-M ACHINE O PERATOR, GENERAL\nP r i m a r y duty is to tr a n s c r ib e d ictation in v o lv in g a n o rm a l\nro u tin e v o c a b u la r y fro m tr a n s c r ib in g m achin e r e c o r d s .\ntyp e fro m w r itte n cop y and do sim p le c le r i c a l w o rk . W o rk e rs t r a n \ns c rib in g d ic ta tio n in v o lv in g a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u \nl a r y su ch a s le g a l b r ie fs o r re p o rts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h a r e not\nD R A FTSM AN ,\n(A s s is ta n t d ra fts m a n )\nD ra w s to s c a le u n its o r p a rts of d raw in g s p re p a re d by d r a f t s \nm a n o r o th e rs f o r e n g in e e rin g , c o n stru c tio n , o r m a n u fa c tu rin g p u r \np o s e s . U ses v a r io u s ty p e s o f d ra ftin g to o ls as re q u ire d . M ay p r e \np a r e d ra w in g s fr o m s im p le p la n s o r s k e tc h e s , o r p e rfo rm o th e r d u ties\nu n d er d ire c tio n o f a d ra fts m a n .\nD R AFTSM AN ,\nP la n s and d ir e c ts a c tiv itie s of one o r m o re d ra fts m e n in\np re p a r a tio n of w o rk in g p la n s and d e ta il d raw in g s fro m rough o r p r e \nlim in a r y s k e tc h e s fo r e n g in e e rin g , c o n stru c tio n , o r m a n u fa c tu rin g\np u rp o s e s . D u ties in v o lv e a com b in ation of the fo llo w in g : In te rp re tin g\nb lu e p rin ts , s k e tc h e s , and w r itte n o r v e r b a l o rd e rs ; d e te rm in in g w o rk\np ro c e d u re s ; a s s ig n in g d u ties to su b o rd in a tes and in sp ectin g th e ir w o rk ;\np e rfo rm in g m o re d iffic u lt p ro b le m s . M ay a s s i s t su b o rd in a tes d u rin g\nC la s s B - P e r fo r m s one o r m o re of the fo llo w in g : Typing\nfro m r e la t i v e ly c le a r o r typed d ra fts ; ro u tin e typing of fo r m s ,\nin s u ra n c e p o lic ie s , e t c .; settin g up s im p le sta n d a rd ta b u la tio n s, o r\ncopying m o re c o m p le x ta b le s a lr e a d y s e t up and sp aced p ro p e r ly .\nD RAFTSM AN ,\nLEAD ER - Continued\ne m e rg e n c ie s o r as a r e g u la r a s s ig n m e n t, o r p e rfo rm\nof a s u p e r v is o r y o r a d m in is tr a tiv e n a tu re .\nre la te d d u ties\nD RAFTSM AN , SENIOR\nP r e p a r e s w o rk in g p la n s and d e ta il d ra w in g s fro m n o tes,\nrough o r d e ta ile d s k e tc h e s fo r e n g in e e rin g , c o n s tru c tio n , o r m a n u \nfa c tu rin g p u rp o s e s .\nD uties in v o lv e a com b in ation o f the fo llo w in g :\nP re p a rin g w o rk in g p la n s , d e ta il d ra w in g s , m a p s , c r o s s - s e c t io n s , e tc .,\nto s c a le by u se o f d ra ftin g in s tru m e n ts ; m aking e n g in e e rin g com p u ta\ntio ns such as th o se in v o lv e d in s tre n g th of m a t e r ia ls , beam s and\nt r u s s e s ; v e rify in g c o m p le ted w o rk , ch eckin g d im e n sio n s, m a te r ia ls\nto be u sed , and q u a n titie s; w ritin g s p e c ific a tio n s ; m aking ad ju stm en ts\no r changes in d ra w in g s o r s p e c ific a tio n s . M ay ink in lin e s and le t t e r s\non p e n c il d ra w in g s , p r e p a r e d e ta il un its of c o m p lete d ra w in g s, o r\ntr a c e d ra w in g s .\nW o rk is fre q u e n tly in a s p e c ia liz e d fie ld such as\na r c h ite c tu r a l, e le c t r i c a l, m e c h a n ic a l, o r s tr u c tu r a l d ra ftin g .\nNURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED )\nNURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - C ontinued\nA r e g is te r e d n u rs e who g iv e s n u rs in g s e r v i c e to i l l o r in ju re d\ne m p lo yees o r o th e r p e rs o n s who b eco m e i l l o r s u ffe r an a c c id e n t on\nthe p rem is'es o f a fa c to r y o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t.\nDuties, in v o lv e a\ncom b in ation o f the fo llo w in g : G iving f i r s t a id to the i l l o r in ju re d ;\nattending to su b seq u en t d re s s in g o f em p lo yees* in ju r ie s ; keep in g r e c o r d s\nof p atie n ts tre a te d ; p re p a rin g a c c id e n t r e p o r ts fo r com p en satio n o r\no th e r p u rp o se s ; conducting p h y s ic a l e x am in a tio n s and h e a lth e v a lu a tio n s\nof a p p lic a n ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and plann in g and c a r r y in g out p ro g ra m s\nin vo lvin g h e a lth ed u cation , a c c id e n t p re v e n tio n , e v a lu a tio n of p la n t\ne n v iro n m e n t, o r o th er a c tiv itie s\ns a fe ty of a l l p e rs o n n e l.\nth e h e a lth , w e lf a r e ,\nC opies plans and d ra w in g s p re p a r e d b y o th e r s , b y p la cin g\ntra c in g c lo th o r p a p e r o v e r d ra w in g and tr a c in g w ith pen o r p e n c il.\nU ses T -s q u a re , c o m p a ss, and o th e r d ra ftin g to o ls .\nM ay p r e p a r e\nsim p le d ra w in g s and do sim p le le tte r in g .\nCARPEN TER , MAINTENANCE\nP e r fo r m s the c a r p e n tr y d u ties n e c e s s a r y to c o n s tru c t and\nm a in tain in good r e p a i r building w o o d w ork and equipm ent su ch as b in s,\nc r ib s , c o u n te rs , b e n c h e s, p a r titio n s , d o o rs , flo o r s , s t a i r s , c a s in g s ,\nand tr im m ade of w ood in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of\nthe fo llo w in g : P lan n in g and la yin g out o f w o rk fro m b lu e p rin ts , d r a w \nin g s, m o d e ls , o r v e r b a l in s tru c tio n s ; u sin g a v a r i e t y of c a r p e n te r's\nh an d to o ls, p o rta b le p o w e r to o ls , and sta n d a rd m e a s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ;\nm aking s ta n d a rd shop com p u tatio n s re la tin g to d im en sio n s of w o rk ;\nse le c tin g m a te r ia ls n e c e s s a r y fo r the w o rk . In g e n e ra l, the w o rk of\nthe m a in ten an ce c a r p e n te r re q u ir e s rounded tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e\nu s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n \ning and e x p e rie n c e .\nO p erates and m ain tain s and m a y a ls o s u p e r v is e the o p e ra tio n\nof s ta tio n a r y engines and equipm ent (m e c h a n ic a l o r e le c t r ic a l) to s u p \np ly the e sta b lis h m e n t in w hich em p lo yed w ith p o w e r, h e a t, r e f r i g e r a \ntio n , o r a ir-c o n d itio n in g .\nW o rk in v o lv e s : O p e ratin g and m a in tain in g\nequipm ent such a s ste a m en g in es, a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a to r s , m o \nt o r s , tu rb in e s , v e n tila tin g and r e f r ig e r a t in g eq u ip m en t, s te a m b o ile r s\nand b o ile r -fe d w a te r pum ps; m ak in g eq u ip m en t r e p a i r s ; keep in g a\nre c o r d of o p eratio n of m a c h in e ry , te m p e r a tu r e , and fu e l co n su m p \ntio n . M ay a ls o s u p e rv is e th ese o p e ra tio n s . Head o r c h ie f e n g in e e rs\nin e sta b lis h m e n ts em p loyin g m o re than one e n g in e e r a r e e x c lu d e d .\nELECTRICIAN , MAINTENANCE\nP e r fo r m s a v a r i e t y o f e le c t r i c a l tra d e fu n ction s such as the\nin s ta lla tio n , m a in te n a n c e , o r r e p a ir o f equipm ent fo r the g e n e ra tin g ,\nd istrib u tio n , o r u tiliz a tio n of e le c tr ic e n e rg y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t.\nW o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : In sta llin g d r re p a ir in g an y of\na v a r ie t y of e le c t r i c a l equipm ent su ch as g e n e r a to rs , t r a n s f o r m e r s ,\nsw itc h b o a rd s , c o n t r o lle r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o to rs , h eatin g u n its,\nconduit s y s te m s , o r o th e r tr a n s m is s io n eq uip m en t; w o rk in g fro m b lu e \np rin ts , d ra w in g s , la y o u t, o r o th e r s p e c ific a tio n s ; lo c a tin g and d ia g \nnosing tro u b le in the e le c t r i c a l s y s te m o r equipm ent; w o rk in g s ta n d a rd\ncom p utations re la tin g to load re q u ire m e n ts o f w irin g o r e le c t r ic a l\nequipm ent; u sin g a v a r i e t y o f e le c tr ic ia n 's h an d tools and m e a s u rin g\nand te s tin g in s tru m e n ts .\nIn g e n e r a l, the w o rk of the m a in ten a n ce\ne le c tr ic ia n re q u ire s rounded tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c \nq u ire d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and\nFIREM AN , STATIONARY BOILER\nF ir e s s ta tio n a ry b o ile rs to fu r n is h the e sta b lis h m e n t in w h ich\nem p lo yed w ith h eat, p o w e r, o r s te a m .\nF e e d s fu e ls to f i r e by hand\no r o p e ra te s a m e c h a n ic a l s to k e r, g a s , o r o il b u rn e r; c h ec k s w a te r\nand s a fe ty v a lv e s .\nM ay c le an , o il, or* a s s i s t in re p a ir in g b o i le r room equipm ent.\nH ELPER ,\nA s s is ts one o r m o re w o r k e r s in the s k ille d m a in ten a n ce\ntr a d e s , by p e rfo rm in g s p e c ific o r g e n e r a l d u ties o f l e s s e r s k ill, su ch\nas keeping a w o rk e r supplied w ith m a t e r ia ls and to o ls ; c le a n in g w o r k \ning a r e a , m ach in e, and equipm ent; a s s is tin g w o r k e r by h olding m a \nt e r i a ls o r to o ls; p e rfo rm in g o th e r u n s k ille d ta s k s as d ire c te d by j o u r \nn eym an . The kind of w o rk the h e lp e r is p e rm itte d to p e r fo r m v a r i e s\nfro m tra d e to tra d e : In som e tr a d e s the h e lp e r is con fin ed to su p \np ly in g , liftin g , and holding m a te r ia ls and to o ls and cle an in g w o rk in g\na r e a s ; and in o th ers he is p e rm itte d to p e r fo r m s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e\no p e ra tio n s , o r p a rts o f a tra d e th at a r e a ls o p e rfo rm e d b y w o r k e r s\non a fu ll-tim e ' b a s is .\nM ACH IN E-TO OL O PE RATO R ,\nS p e c ia liz e s in the o p e ra tio n of one o r m o re typ es of m ach in e\nto o ls , su ch a s jig b o r e r s , c y lin d r ic a l o r s u rfa c e g rin d e rs , engine\nla th e s , o r m illin g m a c h in e s in the c o n stru c tio n of m a c h in e -sh o p to o ls ,\ng au g es, ji g s , f ix t u r e s , o r d ie s . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g :\nP lan n in g and p e rfo rm in g d iffic u lt m achining o p e ra tio n s ; p ro c e s s in g\nite m s re q u irin g c o m p lic a te d setu ps o r a high d e g re e of a c c u ra c y ;\nu sin g a v a r i e t y o f p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in s tru m e n ts ; s e le c tin g fe e d s ,\ns p e e d s , to o lin g and o p e ra tio n seq u en ce; m aking n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t\nm e n ts d u rin g o p e ra tio n to a c h ie v e re q u is ite to le ra n c e s o r d im e n sio n s.\nM ay be r e q u ire d to re c o g n iz e when to o ls need d re s s in g , to d re s s to o ls ,\nand to s e le c t p ro p e r c o o la n ts and cutting and lu b ric a tin g o ils .\nc r o s s - i n d u s t r y w age stu d y p u rp o se s , m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a t o r s , to o lro o m ,\nin to o l and d ie job b in g shops a r e excluded fro m th is c la s s ific a tio n .\nR e p a irs m a c h in e ry o r m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent of an e s ta b lis h \nm en t.\nW o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : E xam ining m ach in es\nand m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent to diagn ose s o u rc e of tro u b le ; d ism an tlin g\no r p a r tly d ism an tlin g m a c h in e s and p e rfo rm in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly\nin v o lv e the u se of han d tools in s c ra p in g and fittin g p a r ts ; re p la cin g\nb ro k en o r d e fe c tiv e p a r ts w ith ite m s obtained fro m sto ck ; o rd e rin g the\np ro d u ctio n of a re p la c e m e n t p a r t by a m ach in e shop o r sending of\nthe m achin e to a m achin e shop fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p re p a rin g w ritte n\ns p e c ific a tio n s fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r fo r the p ro d u ctio n of p a rts o rd e re d\nfro m m ach in e shop; re a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s; and m aking a ll n e c e s s a r y\na d ju stm en ts f o r o p e ra tio n .\nIn g e n e ra l, the w o rk of a m ain ten an ce\nm ech an ic r e q u ir e s rounded tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d\nthrough a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e .\nE xcluded fro m th is c la s s ific a tio n a r e w o rk e r s w h ose p r im a r y d uties\nin v o lv e settin g up o r a d ju stin g m a c h in e s .\nP ro d u c e s re p la c e m e n t p a rts and new p a rts in m aking r e p a ir s\no f m e ta l p a r ts o f m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent o p e rate d in an e sta b lis h m e n t.\nW o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : In te rp re tin g w ritte n in s t r u c \ntio n s and s p e c ific a tio n s ; planning ana layin g out o f w o rk ; u sing a v a \nr i e t y of m a c h in is t’s h an d to ols and p re c is io n m e a su rin g in s tru m e n ts ;\nse ttin g up and o p e ra tin g stan d a rd m achin e to o ls; shaping of m e ta l\np a r ts t,o c lo s e to le r a n c e s ; m aking stan d a rd shop com p utations r e l a t \ning to d im e n sio n s of w o rk , to olin g , fee d s and sp eed s of m achin in g;\nknow ledge o f the w o rk in g p ro p e r tie s of the com m on m e ta ls ; s e le c tin g\nsta n d a rd m a t e r i a ls , p a r t s , and equipm ent re q u ire d f o r h is w o rk ; fittin g\nand a s s e m b lin g p a r ts in to m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent.\nIn g e n e ra l, the\nm a c h in is t’s w o rk n o r m a lly re q u ire s a rounded tra in in g in m a c h in e shop p r a c t ic e u s u a lly a c q u ire d through a fo rm a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r\ne q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e .\nIn s ta lls new m a c h in e s o r h e a v y equipm ent and d ism a n tles and\nin s ta lls m a c h in e s o r h e a v y equipm ent when changes in the p lan t la y \nout a r e re q u ire d . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : P lanning and\nla yin g out of the w o rk ; in te rp re tin g b lu e p rin ts o r o th e r sp e c ific a tio n s;\nusing a v a r i e t y o f han d tools and rig g in g ; m aking stan d a rd shop c o m \np u tation s re la tin g to s t r e s s e s , s tre n g th of m a t e r ia ls , and c e n te rs of\ng ra v ity ; alin in g and b alan cin g of equipm ent; s e le c tin g stan d a rd to o ls,\nequipm ent, and p a r ts to be u sed ; in s ta llin g and m ain tain in g in good\no rd e r p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n equipm ent such as d riv e s and speed r e \nd u c e rs . In g e n e ra l, the m illw r ig h t’s w o rk n o r m a lly re q u ire s a rounded\ntra in in g and e x p e rie n c e in the tra d e a c q u ire d through a fo rm a l a p p re n \ntic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e .\nMECHANIC, AUTOM OTIVE (MAINTENANCE)\nR e p a irs a u to m o b ile s , b u ses, m o to rtru c k s , and tr a c t o r s of\nan e s ta b lis h m e n t.\nW o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : E xam ining\na u to m o tiv e eq uip m en t to diagn ose s o u rc e of tro u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g\nequipm ent and p e rfo rm in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e the u se of such han d to o ls as w r e n c h e s , g au g e s, d r i ll s , o r sp e c ia liz e d equipm ent in d is \na s s e m b lin g o r fittin g p a r t s ; re p la c in g b ro ken o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts fro m\nsto c k ; grin d in g and a d ju stin g v a lv e s ; re a ss e m b lin g and in s ta llin g the\nv a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h ic le and m aking n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n ts;\na lin in g w h e e ls , a d ju stin g b ra k e s and lig h ts , o r tigh ten in g body b o lts .\nIn g e n e ra l, the w o rk o f the a u to m o tive m ech an ic re q u ire s rounded\ntra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly ac q u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e \nsh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e .\nL u b ric a te s , w ith o il o r g re a s e , the m ovin g p a rts o r w e a rin g\ns u rfa c e s of m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent of an e sta b lis h m e n t.\nPAIN TER, MAINTENANCE\nP a in ts and re d e c o ra te s w a lls , w o o d w ork, and fix tu re s of an\ne sta b lis h m e n t.\nW o rk in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Know ledge of s u rfa c e\np e c u lia ritie s and typ es of p ain t re q u ire d fo r d iffe re n t ap p lic a tio n s;\np re p a rin g s u rfa c e fo r p ain tin g by re m o v in g old fin is h o r by p lacin g\np u tty o r f i l l e r in n a il h o les and in te r s tic e s ; ap p lyin g p ain t w ith s p ra y\ngun o r b ru s h .\nM ay m ix c o lo r s , o ils , w h ite le a d , and o th er pain t\nin g re d ie n ts to obtain p ro p e r c o lo r o r c o n s is te n c y .\nw o rk of the m a in ten a n ce p a in te r re q u ire s rounded tra in in g and e x \np e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a \nle n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e .\nP IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE\nSH E E T -M E T A L W O RKER, MAINTENANCE - C ontinued\nIn s ta lls o r r e p a ir s w a t e r , s te a m , g a s , o r o th e r ty p e s o f pipe\nand p ip efittin g s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o l\nlo w in g : L ayin g out o f w o rk and m e a s u rin g to lo c a te p o s itio n of pipe\nfro m d ra w in g s o r o th e r w r itte n s p e c ific a tio n s ; cutting v a r io u s s iz e s\nof pipe to c o r r e c t len g th s w ith c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e ty le n e\nto rc h o r p ip e -c u ttin g m a c h in e ; th re a d in g pipe w ith sto ck s and d ie s ;\nbending pipe by h a n d -d riv e n o r p o w e r- d riv e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g\npipe w ith cou p lin gs and fa sten in g pipe to h a n g e rs ; m aking s ta n d a rd\nshop com p utations re la tin g to p r e s s u r e s , flo w , and s iz e of pipe r e \nq u ired ; m aking sta n d a rd te s ts to d e te rm in e w h e th e r fin is h e d p ip es m e e t\nIn g e n e r a l, the w o rk of the m a in ten a n ce p ip e fitte r\nre q u ire s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th rou gh a\nfo rm a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . W o rk e rs\np r i m a r i ly engaged in in s ta llin g and re p a ir in g building s a n ita tio n o r\nheating s y s te m s a r e e x c lu d e d .\nand la yin g out a ll ty p es o f s h e e t-m p ta l m a in te n a n c e w o rk fr o m b lu e \np r in ts , m o d e ls , o r o th e r s p e c ific a tio n s ; s e ttin g up and o p e ra tin g a l l\na v a ila b le ty p es of s h e e t-m e ta l-w o rk in g m a c h in e s ; using a v a r i e t y o f\nh an d to ols in cu ttin g, bending, fo rm in g , sh a p in g , fittin g , and a s s e m \nb lin g ; in s ta llin g s h e e t-m e ta l a r t i c l e s a s re q u ir e d .\nw o rk o f the m ain ten an ce s h e e t- m e ta l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s ro u n d ed tra in in g\nand e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u g h a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r\nP L U M B E R , MAINTENANCE\nK eeps th e plum bing s y s te m o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t in good o r d e r .\nW o rk in v o lv e s : K now ledge o f s a n ita r y cod es re g a rd in g in s ta lla tio n o f\nv e n ts and tr a p s in plum bing s y s te m ; in s ta llin g o r re p a ir in g p ip es and\nfix tu r e s ; opening clo gged d ra in s w ith a p lu n g e r o r p lu m b e r *s sn ak e .\nIn g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten a n ce p lu m b e r r e q u ire s rou n d ed\ntra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u g h a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e \nship o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e .\nSH E E T -M E T A L W O RKER , MAINTENANCE\nF a b r ic a te s , i n s t a lls , and m a in ta in s in good r e p a i r the s h e e tm e ta l equipm ent and fix tu r e s (such as m ach in e g u a rd s , g re a s e p a n s ,\ns h e lv e s , lo c k e r s , ta n k s , v e n t ila t o r s , c h u te s , d u c ts, m e ta l ro o fin g )\nof an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lanning\nELEVATOR O PE RA TO R , PASSEN GER\nT ra n s p o rts p a s s e n g e r s b etw een flo o r s of an o ffic e b u ild in g ,\na p a rtm e n t h o u se , d e p a rtm e n t s t o r e , h o te l o r s im ila r e s ta b lis h m e n t.\nW o rk e rs who o p e ra te e le v a to r s in con ju n ction w ith o th e r d u ties such\nas th o se o f s t a r t e r s and ja n ito r s a r e exclu d ed .\nP e r fo r m s ro u tin e p o lic e d u tie s , e ith e r a t fix e d p o st o r on\nto u r, m ain tain in g o r d e r , u sing a r m s o r fo rc e w h e re n e c e s s a r y . Inclu d es g atem en who a r e sta tio n e d at gate and ch eck on identity~^of\ne m p lo y ee s and o th e r p e rs o n s e n te r in g .\nTOOL AND DIE M AKER\n(D iem ak er; jig m a k e r; to o lm a k e r ;\nfix tu r e m a k e r;\ngauge m a k e r)\nC o n stru c ts and r e p a ir s m a c h in e -s h o p to o ls , g a u g e s, ji g s , f i x \ntu re s o r d ies fo r fo rg in g s , punching and o th e r m e ta l- fo r m in g w o rk .\nW o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lan n in g and la yin g out o f w o rk\nfro m m o d e ls , b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s , o r o th e r o r a l and w r itte n s p e c ifi\nc a tio n s; using a v a r i e t y o f to ol and die m a k e r *s h an d to o ls and p r e c is io n\nm e a s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ; u n d erstan d in g o f the w o rk in g p r o p e r tie s o f\ncom m on m e ta ls and a llo y s ; settin g up and o p e ra tin g o f m a c h in e to o ls\nand r e la te d equipm ent; m aking n e c e s s a r y shop co m p u tatio n s re la tin g\nto d im en sio n s o f w o rk , s p e e d s , fe e d s , and to o lin g o f m a c h in e s ; h e a ttre a tin g o f m e ta l p a r ts during fa b ric a tio n a s w e ll a s o f fin is h e d to o ls\nand d ies to a c h ie ve re q u ire d q u a litie s ; w o rk in g to c lo s e to le r a n c e s ;\nfittin g and asse m b lin g of p a r ts t o ‘ p r e s c r i b e d to le r a n c e s and a llo w \na n c e s; s e le c tin g a p p ro p ria te m a t e r i a l s , to o ls , and p r o c e s s e s .\ng e n e r a l, the to o l and die m a k e r ’s w o rk r e q u ir e s a ro u n d ed tra in in g\nin m a c h in e -sh o p and to o lro o m p r a c t ic e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u g h a\nfo rm a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .\nF o r c r o s 8 -in d u s tr y w age stu d y p u r p o s e s , to o l and die m a k e rs\nin to o l and die jobbing shops a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m th is c la s s ific a tio n .\nM ov e m e nt\nJAN ITO R, PO R TER , OR CLEAN ER\n(S w e e p e r; c h arw o m an ; ja n it r e s s )\nC lean s and k e e p s in an o r d e r ly con d itio n fa c to r y w o rk in g\na r e a s and w a s h ro o m s , o r p r e m is e s o f an o ffic e , a p a rtm e n t h o u s e ,\no r c o m m e rc ia l o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u ties in v o lv e a co m b in a tio n\no f the fo llo w in g : Sw eepin g, m opping SUL s c ru b b in g , and p o lish in g flo o r s ;\nre m o v in g c h ip s, tr a s h , and o th e r r e f u s e ; d u sting e q u ip m en t, fu r n it u r e ,\no r fix tu r e s ; p olish in g m e ta l fix tu r e s o r tr im m in g s ; p ro v id in g su p p lie s\nand m in o r m a in ten an ce s e r v i c e s ; c le an in g la v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and\nre s tro o m s .\nW o rk e rs who s p e c ia liz e in w indow w ash in g a r e e x clu d e d .\nL A B O R E R , M A T E R IA L HANDLING\n(L o a d e r and u n lo a d e r; h a n d le r and s ta c k e r; s h e lv e r ; tr u c k e r ;\nsto ck m a n o r s to c k h e lp e r ; w a re h o u se m a n o r w a re h o u s e h e lp e r)\nA w o r k e r e m p lo y ed in a w a re h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu rin g p la n t,\ns t o r e , o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t w h ose d u ties in v o lv e one o r m o re of\nthe fo llo w in g : L oading and unloading v a rio u s m a te r ia ls and m e rc h a n d is e on o r fro m fr e ig h t c a r s , tr u c k s , o r o th e r tra n s p o rtin g d e v ic e s ;\nu npacking, s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g m a te r ia ls o r m e rc h a n d is e in p ro p e r\ns to ra g e lo c a tio n ; tr a n s p o r tin g m a te r ia ls o r m e rc h a n d is e by hand tru c k ,\nc a r , o r w h e e lb a r ro w . L o n g sh o re m e n , who load and u nload sh ip s a r e\nex clu d e d .\nSHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K - C ontinued\no th e r r e c o r d s ; ch eckin g fo r s h o rta g e s and re je c tin g dam aged goods;\nro u tin g m e rc h a n d is e o r m a te r ia ls to p ro p e r d e p a rtm e n ts; m ain tain in g\nn e c e s s a r y re c o r d s and f i le s .\nF o r w age stu d y p u rp o s e s , w o rk e r s a r e c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s ;\nR ec e iv in g c le r k\nTRU CKD RIVER\n(O rd e r p ic k e r ; s to c k s e le c to r ; w a re h o u se stockm an )\nF ills sh ipp in g o r t r a n s f e r o rd e rs fo r fin ish e d goods fro m\ns to re d m e rc h a n d is e in a c c o rd a n c e w ith s p e c ific a tio n s on s a le s s lip s ,\nc u s t o m e r s ’ o r d e r s , o r o th e r in s tru c tio n s . M ay, in a d d itio n to fillin g\no r d e r s and in d ic a tin g ite m s fille d o r o m itted , keep re c o r d s of o u t\ngoing o r d e r s , re q u is itio n a d d itio n a l sto ck , o r re p o rt s h o rt su p p lies\nto s u p e r v is o r , and p e r fo r m o th e r re la te d d u ties.\nP A C K E R , SHIPPING\nP r e p a r e s fin is h e d p ro d u cts fo r sh ipm ent o r s to ra g e b y p la cin g\nthem in shipping c o n ta in e r s , the s p e c ific o p e ratio n s p e rfo rm e d being\nd epen d ent upon the ty p e , s iz e , and nu m b er of units to be p acked , the\ntyp e of c o n ta in e r e m p lo y ed , and m ethod of sh ipm ent. W o rk r e q u ire s\nthe p la c in g of ite m s in shipping c o n ta in e rs and m a y in v o lv e one o r\nm o re of the fo llo w in g ; K n ow led ge of v a rio u s item s of s to c k in o r d e r\nto v e r i f y con ten t; s e le c tio n of a p p ro p ria te type and s iz e o f c o n ta in e r;\nin s e r tin g e n c lo s u re s in c o n ta in e r; using e x c e ls io r o r o th e r m a te r ia l to\np re v e n t b re a k a g e o r d am ag e; c lo sin g and sea lin g c o n ta in e r; ap p lyin g\nla b e ls o r e n te rin g id e n tify in g data on c o n ta in e r.\nP a c k e rs who a ls o\nm a k e w ooden b oxes o r c r a te s a r e exclu ded .\nSHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K\nP r e p a r e s m e rc h a n d is e fo r sh ipm ent, o r r e c e iv e s and is r e \ns p o n sib le fo r in co m in g s h ip m e n t of m e rc h a n d is e o r o th e r m a t e r i a ls .\nShipping w o rk in v o lv e s ; A know ledge of shipping p r o c e d u re s , p r a c \ntic e s ] ro u te s , a v a ila b le m e a n s of tra n s p o rta tio n and r a t e s ; and p r e \np a rin g r e c o r d s o f the goods shipped, m aking up b ills of la d in g , p o s t\ning w e ig h t and sh ipp in g c h a rg e s , and keeping a file of shipping r e c o r d s .\nM ay d ir e c t o r a s s i s t in p re p a rin g the m e rc h a n d is e fo r sh ip m en t.\nR e c e iv in g w o rk in v o lv e s : V e rify in g o r d ire c tin g o th e rs in v e rify in g\nthe c o r r e c tn e s s o l sh ip m e n ts a g a in st b ills o f lad in g, in v o ic e s , o r\nD riv e s a tru c k w ith in a c ity o r in d u s tr ia l a r e a to tr a n s p o r t\nm a t e r ia ls , m e rc h a n d is e , eq uipm ent, o r m en b etw een v a rio u s typ es of\ne sta b lis h m e n ts such a s ; M an u fa ctu rin g p la n ts , fr e ig h t d epo ts, w a r e \nh o u s e s , w h o le s a le and r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n ts , o r b etw een r e t a il e s ta b \nlis h m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s ’ h ou ses o r p la c e s o f b u s in e s s .\nload o r unload tru c k w ith o r w ith ou t h e lp e r s , m ak e m in o r m e c h a n ic a l\nr e p a i r s , and keep tr u c k in good w o rk in g o r d e r . D r iv e r - s a le s m e n and\no v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e ex clu d ed .\nF o r w age stu d y p u rp o s e s , t r u c k d r iv e r s a r e c la s s ifie d by s iz e\nand typ e of eq uipm ent, a s fo llo w s ;\n( T r a c t o r - t r a i le r should be ra te d\non the b a s is of t r a i l e r c a p a c ity . )\nT ru c k d r iv e r\nT r u c k d r iv e r,\nTRU CKER ,\n(com b ination o f s iz e s lis te d s e p a ra te ly )\nlig h t (under IV 2 tons)\nm ed iu m (IV 2 to and inclu din g 4 to n s )\nh e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s, t r a i l e r ty p el\nh e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s, o th e r than t r a i l e r ty p e )\nO p e rate s a m a n u a lly c o n tro lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c tr ic -p o w e re d\ntru c k o r t r a c t o r to tr a n s p o r t goods and m a te r ia ls of a ll kinds about\na w a re h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu rin g p la n t, o r o th e r e sta b lis h m e n t.\nF o r w age stu d y p u rp o s e s , w o rk e r s a r e c la s s ifie d by type of\ntru c k , a s fo llo w s ;\nT ru c k e r, p o w e r (fo rk lift)\nT ru c k e r, p o w e r (o th er than fo r k lift)\nM akes rounds o f p r e m is e s p e r io d ic a lly in p ro te c tin g p ro p e r ty\na g a in st f i r e , th e ft, and ille g a l e n try .\nU. S . G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G O F F IC E\n: 1956 0 —\n3 7 6 218