Industry Wage Survey: Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, Industry Wage Survey: Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, May 1970 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 1713 | FRASER | St. Louis Fed\nHome > Browse by Title > Industry Wage Survey: Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware\nIndustry Wage Survey: Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, May 1970 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 1713\nL X Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware May 1970 Dayton Montgomery Co Public Library SEP 141971 BULLETIN 1713 U S DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics DOCUMENT COLLECTION Industry W ag e Survey Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware May 1970 BULLETIN 1713 U S DEPARTMENT OF LABOR J D Hodgson Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Goeffrey H Moore Commissioner 1971 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U S Government Printing Office Washington D C Price 50 cents Stock Num ber P re fa c e T h is b u lletin s u m m a r iz e s the re su lts of a Bureau of L a b o r S ta tistics s u r v e y of w ages and r e la t e d b en e fits in the p r e s s e d o r blown g la s s and g la s s w a r e in d u stry in M a y 1970 A s i m i l a r s u r v e y was conducted in M a y 1964 An advance tabulation p ro v id in g national and r e g io n a l in fo rm a tio n was issu ed e a r l i e r C o p ies of this r e l e a s e a r e a v a ila b le f r o m the U S D e p a rtm e n t o f L a b o r Bureau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s Washington D G Z0Z1Z or any of its r e g io n a l o ff ic e s T his study was conducted in the B u re a u s O ffic e of W ages and In d u s tria l R e la tio n s The a n a lysis was p r e p a r e d b y Sandra L M as on in the D iv is io n of Occu pational W age S tru ctu re s F i e l d w o r k f o r the s u r v e y was d ir e c t e d by the A s s is t a n t R e g io n a l D ir e c t o r s f o r O p era tio n s Other r e p o r t s a v a ila b le f r o m the B u rea u s p r o g r a m o f in d u stry wage studies as w e ll as the a d d r e s s e s o f the B u rea u s r e g io n a l o f f ic e s are lis t e d at the end of this bulletin iii Page S u m m a r y Industry c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s E m p lo y m e n t t r e n d s L o c a t i o n S iz e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t T y p e o f c o m p a n y U n io n iz a t io n S e x M ethod o f w a ge p a y m e n t A v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s O ccupational e a r n i n g s E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w age p r o v i s i o n s Scheduled w e e k ly h o u r s Shift p r o v is io n s and p r a c t i c e s P a id h o lid a y s P a id v a c a t i o n s H ealth in su ra n c e and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s O th er s e le c t e d b e n e fit s T a b le s A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs 1 B y s e le c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s E arn in gs d istribu tion P r e s s e d o r blown glasS and g l a s s w a r e G lass c o n t a in e r s P r e s s e d or blown gla ss and g l a s s w a r e exc e p t c o n t a in e r s Occupational a v e r a g e s G la s s c on tain ers 5 A l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s By s i z e o f c o m m u n it y By s i z e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t By m eth od o f w a ge p a y m e n t P r e s s e d o r blown g la ss and g l a s s w a r e e xcept c on tain ers 9 A l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s B y s i z e o f c o m m u n it y B y s i z e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t By m ethod o f w a ge p a y m e n t E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a ge p r o v is io n s G la s s c on tain ers 13 M ethod o f w a ge p a ym e n t Scheduled w e e k ly h o u rs Shift d if f e r e n t ia l p r o v i s i o n s Shift d if f e r e n t ia l p r a c t i c e s P a i d h o l i d a y s P a id v a c a t io n s H ealth in su ra n c e and r e t i r e m e n t p la n s Other s e le c t e d b e n e f i t s v Page T a b le s Continued E sta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a ge p r o v i s i o n s Continued P r e s s e d o r blow n g la s s and g l a s s w a r e exc e p t con ta in ers 21 M ethod o f w a ge p a y m e n t Scheduled w e e k ly h o u rs Shift d if f e r e n t ia l p r o v i s i o n s Shift d if f e r e n t ia l p r a c t i c e s P a id h o l i d a y s P a i d v a c a t io n s H ealth in s u ra n c e and r e t i r e m e n t p la n s Other s e le c t e d b e n e f i t s A p p en d ix es A Scope and m eth od o f s u r v e y B Occu pational d e s c r ip t io n s In d u s try W a g e S u r v e y P ressed or B low n G lass and G lassw are M ay 1 9 7 0 Summary S tra ig h t tim e e a rn in g s o f p ro d u ctio n and re la te d w o r k e r s in th e p r e s s e d o r blow n g la s s and g la s s w a r e in d u s trie s a v e r a g e d 3 09 an hour in M a y 1970 W o rk e r s in g la s s c o n ta in e r p la n ts tw o th ir d s o f the 89 923 w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by the s u rv e y a v e ra g e d cents an hour m o r e than the 29 629 w o r k e r s in es ta b lis h m en ts m ak in g o th e r ty p es o f p r e s s e d o r blow n g la s s and g la s s w a r e M en a p p ro x im a te ly tw o th ir d s o f the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in each in d u stry a v e ra g e d 3 33 an hour in g la s s c o n ta in e r plants and 3 21 in o th e r g la s s w a r e e s ta b lis h m e n ts C o rre s p o n d in g a v e r a g e s f o r w om en w e r e and 2 64 an hour A m o n g the occu p ation s stu died s e p a r a te ly a v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in g s in g la s s c o n ta in e r plan ts ra n ged fr o m 2 60 fo r ja n ito r s to 4 37 f o r fo r m in g m a c h in e up k eep m en T h e ran ge in th e o th e r g la s s w a r e plants w as fr o m 2 50 f o r c a r r y in b oys o r g i r l s to 4 29 f o r g la s s b lo w e r s S e le c t o r s n u m e r ic a lly the m o s t im p o r tant jo b stu d ied a v e r a g e d 2 72 an hour in g la s s c o n ta in e r p la n ts c o m p a re d with 2 63 an hour in the o th e r p r e s s e d o r b low n g la s s w a r e in d u stry W ithin each in d u s try occu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s a ls o v a r ie d by lo c a tio n s iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t and m eth od o f w age p aym en t V ir tu a lly a ll e m p lo y e r s in both in d u s t r ie s gra n ted th e ir p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s paid h o lid a y s u s u a lly 8 days annually and paid v a c a tio n s t y p ic a lly 1 w eek a fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 2 w eek s o r m o r e a ft e r 5 y e a r s and 3 w eek s o r m o r e a fte r 10 y e a r s E m p lo y e r s a ls o t y p ic a lly paid at le a s t p a rt o f the c o s t o f v a r io u s h ealth in su ra n ce and r e t ir e m e n t p en sion plans fo r th es e w o r k e r s industry characteristics G la s s m a n u fa ctu rin g m a y be c la s s ifie d into th re e s e p a ra te in d u s trie s T h e fla t g la s s in d u stry in clu d in g e s ta b lis h m en ts p r im a r ily p ro d u cin g sheet p la te and flo a t la m in a ted and s a fe ty g la s s the g la s s c o n ta in e r in d u s try p ro d u cin g c o n ta in e rs fo r p ro d u cts such as fo o d b e v e r a g e s d ru gs c o s m e t ic s and hou seh old and in d u s tria l c h e m ic a ls and the p r e s s e d o r b low n g la s s and g la s s w a r e e x c e p t c o n ta in e r s in d u s try m a n u fa ctu rin g ite m s such as ta b le w a r e a r tw a r e in d u s tria l and illu m in a tin g g la s s w a r e and te c h n ic a l and s c ie n tific g la s s w a r e fr o m g la s s p r o duced in the sam e e s ta b lis h m en t T h is study in clu d es data f o r the g la s s c o n ta in e r in d u s try and the o th e r p r e s s e d o r blow n g la s s and g la s s w a r e in d u s trie s but exclu d es the fla t g la s s in d u stry M o s t glass is m a d e by m e ltin g s ilic a in the fo r m o f sand w ith an a lk a li such as soda o r potash and an oth er base in g r e dient u s u a lly lim e C u lle t o r cru sh ed g la s s c o m m o n ly is added to hasten m e lt in g and to m a k e th e batch m o r e w o rk a b le O th er in g r e d ie n ts such as o x id es o f v a r i ous m e ta ls e g ch ro m iu m c o b a lt iro n o r n ic k e l m a y be added f o r c o lo r F u sed to g e th e r in fu rn a c e heats o f about 2 70 0 d e g r e e s F the m a t e r ia ls b e co m e a liq u id that can then be p ou red o r ca s t in the v is co u s state it can be blow n and fo r c e d to take the shape o f a m o ld The m a n u fa ctu re o f g la s s co n ta in e rs is h ig h ly m e c h a n iz e d R a w m a t e r i a l s a fte r bein g m ix e d in la r g e h o p p e rs a r e c a r r ie d to m e ltin g fu rn a c e s by o v e rh e a d r a ils o r m o v in g b e lts T h e m o lte n g la s s is au to m a tic a lly fe d in to the m o ld s o f a f o r m ing m a ch in e and blow n to shape by c o m p re s s e d a ir N on e o f the e s ta b lis h m en ts 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey Wage data contained in this bulletin exclude premium pay for ov ertime and for work on weekends holidays and late shifts Also excluded from the study are establishments pri marily producing textile glass fibers which are included in the pressed or blown glass and glassware except containers industry as defined in the 1967 edition of the Standard IndusClassification Manual prepared by the U S Office of Management and Budget 1 in the B u re a u s s a m p le predom inantlyu sed hand m eth od s to p ro d u ce g la s s c o n t a in e r s T h e c o n ta in e rs p ass on m o v in g b e l t s th rou gh an n ealin g o ven s o r le h r s to be c o o le d s lo w ly and a r e then in s p e c te d and p ack ed o r sent to the fin is h in g d e p a r t m e n t f o r d e c o ra tio n T h e p r e s s e d o r b low n g la s s and g la s s w a r e e x c e p t c o n ta in e rs in d u s try a ls o is p re d o m in a n tly m e c h a n ize d A bou t on etenth o f the p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by the s u rv e y h o w e v e r w e r e in plants p r im a r ily m a k in g hand p r e s s e d a r t ic le s and o n e s ix th w e r e in es ta b lis h m en ts m o s tly p r o d u c i n g hand b low n ite m s w o rk ers t ia lly b y in d ic a t e d in such re g io n in th e areas v a r ie d substan fo r e a c h in d u s try a s f o l l o w i n g t a b u la t io n Glass containers United States Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Pacific Other pressed or blown glass and glassware NOTE Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria E m p lo ym e n t t r e n d s E m p lo y m e n t in g la s s co n ta in er p lan ts in M a y p ro d u ctio n and r e la te d w o r k e r s w as up a p p ro x im a te ly 16 p e rc e n t o v e r the le v e l r e c o r d e d in M a y w o r k e r s th e d a t e o f a s im ila r B u reau stu d y 3 P r o p o r tio n a te ly t h e la r g e s t in c r e a s e s a p p ro x im a te ly 30 p e rc e n t each w e r e r e c o r d e d in the Southw est and P a c ific r e g io n s F o r r e g io n a l d e fin itio n s see appen dix t a b l e A l E m p lo y m e n t in c r e a s e d 9 p e rc e n t in th e M id d le A tla n tic and 14 p e rc e n t in the G re a t L a k e s the tw o la r g e s t r e g io n s in t e r m s o f in d u stry em p lo ym e n t D u rin g the p e rio d e m p lo y m e n t in the o th e r g la s s w a r e e x c ep t c o n ta in e rs in d u s try re m a in e d v i r tu a lly the sam e n a tion w id e d ro p p ed in the tw o m a jo r re g io n s the M id d le A tla n tic 10 p e rc e n t and the G re a t L a k e s 3 p e r cen t and r o s e by 6 p e rc e n t in the B o r d e r S tates S iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t E m p lo y m e n t in in d ivid u a l esta b lis h m en ts r a n g e d fr o m fe w e r than 100 w o r k e r s to o v e r L e s s than o n e ten th o f the in d u s tr ie s 1 p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s w e r e in plants h avin g 20 to 249 w o r k e r s c o m p a re d w ith s e v e n tenths in plants h a vin g 500 w o r k e r s o r m ore A s the fo llo w in g tab u la tion in d i c a te s plan ts h avin g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e e m p lo y e d n e a r l y th r e e fo u r th s o f the g la s s c o n ta in e r w o rk f o r c e and a p p r o x i m a te ly tw o th ir d s o f the w o r k e r s in the oth er in d u s try Glass containers United States Middle A tlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Pacific L o c a tio n T h e M id d le A tla n tic and G re a t L a k e s r e g i o n s each had about th re e te n th s o f th e w o rk fo r c e in g la s s c o n ta in e r m a n u fa ctu rin g in M ay 1970 T h e P a c ific r e g io n accou n ted fo r about o n e s ix th the B o r d e r S ta tes Southeast and Southw est le s s than o n e ten th each In the o th er p r e s s e d o r b low n g la s s w a r e in d u s try the M id d le A tla n tic and G rea t L a k e s r e g i o n w o r k e r s to g e th e r w e r e s e ve n te n th s o f the w o rk f o r c e M o s t of the re m a in in g th re e te n th s o f the w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in the B o r d e r S tates S lig h tly fe w e r than o n e h a lf o f the p r o du ction w o r k e r s in the g la s s con ta in er in d u s try and about tw o fifth s in the oth er g la s s w a r e in d u s try w e r e e m p lo y e d in m e tro p o lita n a r e a s 4 T h e p e rc e n ta g e s o f g la s s w a r e Other pressed or blown glass and glassware NOTE Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria P la n ts h a vin g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e have e m p lo y e d the la r g e m a jo r it y o f the in d u s tr ie s p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s o v e r th e p ast d eca d e F o r e x a m p le at the tim e o f the B u re a u s 1964 study p ro p o rtio n s o f w o r k e r s in such plants w e r e s e ve n te n th s o f the to ta l in the g la s s c o n ta in e r in d u s try 3 See Industry Wage Survey Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware May 1964 ELS Bulletin Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U S Office of Management and Budget through January and tw o th ir d s o f a ll w o r k e r s in the o th e r g la s s w a r e in d u s tr y 5 In I960 c o r resp o n d in g p ro p o rtio n s w e r e e igh t te n th s and f iv e eigh ths 6 m o r e than o n e h a lf o f the w o rk fo r c e c o m p a re d w ith a p p ro x im a te ly tw o fifth s in the G re a t L a k e s and P a c if ic re g io n s and o n e fo u rth in the M id d le A tla n tic In the o th e r g la s s w a r e in d u s try p r o p o r tio n s o f in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s w e r e o n e th ir d in the M id d le A tla n tic and B o r d e r States and tw o fifth s in th e G re a t L a k e s re g io n T y p e o f co m p a n y M u ltip la n t c o m p a n i e s 7 e m p lo y e d nine tenths o f the w o r k e r s in the g la s s c o n ta in e r in d u s try and s e v e n tenths in the o th e r p r e s s e d o r blow n g la s s and g la s s w a r e in d u s try O f the r e g io n s stu died s e p a r a te ly f o r th e la t t e r in d u stry it w as on ly in the B o r d e r States that a m a jo r it y o f the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s w e r e in s in g le p la n t co m p a n ie s Average hourly earnings P ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s in p r e s s e d o r blow n g la s s and g la s s w a r e m a n u fa ctu rin g a v e r a g e d 3 09 an hour in M a y 1970 S ee ta b le l 8 A m o n g the re g io n s studied s e p a r a te ly a v e r a g e s ra n g ed fr o m 2 81 an hour in th e Southw est to 3 48 in the P a c ific W o rk e r s in the M id d le A tla n tic and G rea t L a k e s r e g io n s th e tw o m o s t im p o rta n t in te r m s o f in d u s try e m p lo y m en t a v e r a g e d 3 09 and 3 13 an hour r e s p e c t iv e ly E a rn in g s o f p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in g la s s c o n ta in e r plants a v e r a g e d 3 12 an hou r c o m p a re d w ith 3 04 fo r th o se in o th e r p r e s s e d o r b low n g la s s and g la s s w a re p la n ts A m o n g the th r e e re g io n s U n io n iz a tio n A l l o f th e g la s s c o n ta in e r e s ta b lis h m en ts and n e a r ly a ll o f the o th e r p r e s s e d o r b low n g la s s and g la s s w a r e plants in clu d ed in the B u re a u 1 sam p le s r e p o r t e d la b o r m a n a g e m e n t c o n tra c ts c o v e r in g a ll o r a m a jo r it y o f th e ir p r o duction w o r k e r s T h e A m e r ic a n F lin t G la ss W o rk e r s Union o f N o rth A m e r ic a A F L C I O u s u a lly had c o n tra c ts c o v e r in g w o r k e r s in th e m o ld m a k in g d ep a rtm en ts in both in d u s trie s and a ls o the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in the o th er p r e s s e d o r blow n g la s s w a r e in d u stry T h e G la s s B o ttle B lo w e r s A s s o c ia tio n o f the U n ited States and Canada A F L r C IO t y p ic a lly had c o n tr a c ts c o v e r in g p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in the g l a s s co n ta in e r in d u s try ou tside th ose in the m o ld m a k in g d e p a rtm e n ts 5 Op cit BLS Bulletin 1423 6 See Wage Structure Pressed or Blown Glass and Glass ware May 1960 BLS Report Multiplant companies include those operating two es tablishments or more either in the glass container industry the other pressed or blown glass and glassware industry or in a combination of the two industries The straight time hourly earnings in this bulletin are not comparable with gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau s monthly hours and earnings series 3 54 for glass containers and 3 28 for other pressed or blown glass and glassware in May 1970 Unlike the latter the estimates presented here exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends holidays and late shifts Aver age earnings were calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number of individuals in the monthly series the sum of the man hour totals reported by establishments in the industry was divided into the reported payroll totals The estimates of the number of workers within scope of the survey are intended only as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force covered by this survey They differ from those published in the monthly series 67 800 in glass containers and 46 700 in other pressed or blown glass and glassware in May 1970 by the exclusion of establishments employing fewer than 20 workers and of those principally engaged in producing textile glass fibers Also the advance planning necessary to make the survey required the use of lists of establishments assembled considerably in advance of data collection Thus establishments new to the industry are omitted as are establishments originally classified in these industries but found to be in others at the time of the survey Also omitted are glassware plants classified incorrectly in other industries at the time the lists were compiled S e x M en accou n ted fo r s lig h tly m o r e than t h r e e fift h s o f the w o rk fo r c e in g la s s c o n ta in e r plants and s even ten th s in o th e r g la s s w a r e e s ta b lis h m e n ts T h is sa m e g e n e ra l r e la tio n s h ip h eld in the r e g io n s shown s e p a r a te ly f o r each in d u s try Jobs in w h ich m en con stitu ted a ll o r n e a r ly a ll o f the w o rk fo r c e in clu d ed m ain ten a n ce occu p a tio n s fo r m in g m a ch in e o p e r a to r s and m a t e r ia l handling la b o r e r s W om en w e r e l a r g e l y e m p lo y e d as c a rto n a s s e m b le r s in s p e c to rs and s e le c t o r s T h e o ffic e jo b s studied a ls o w e r e s ta ffe d a l m o s t e x c lu s iv e ly by w om en M eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t A p p r o x i m a te ly tw o th ir d s o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in both in d u s trie s w e r e p aid on a tim e b a s is u s u a lly un der fo r m a l plans that h ave a s in g le ra te f o r a g iv e n o c c u pation S ee ta b le s 13 and 21 In c e n tiv e s y s te m s ty p ic a lly in d ivid u a l o r group bonus p lan s w e r e m o s t p re v a le n t in the B o r d e r States in the g la s s c o n ta in e r in d u s try T h e r e th ey a p p lied to s lig h tly 3 p e r m ittin g such c o m p a ris o n s fo r both in d u s tr ie s a v e r a g e e a rn in g s in the oth er p r e s s e d o r blow n g la s s w a r e in d u s try in the M id d le A tla n tic and G rea t L a k e s w e r e r e s p e c t iv e ly 13 and 3 cen ts an hour h ig h e r than in the g la s s c o n ta in e r in d u stry In the B o r d e r S tates a v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s w e r e 38 cen ts h ig h e r in g la s s c o n ta in e r plan ts c o m p a re d w ith T h is r e v e r s e r e la tio n s h ip in the B o r d e r States fa v o r in g the g la s s c o n ta in e r in d u s try r e fle c t s at le a s t in p a rt its h e a v ie r c o n ce n tra tio n in m e tro p o lita n a r e a s and in la r g e r e s ta b lish m en ts c o m p a re d w ith the o th e r g la s s w a r e in d u stry S ee tab u lation s under In d u stry c h a r a c t e r is t ic s A s in d ic a te d la t e r in th is d is c u s s io n w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o lita n a re a s and l a r g e r e s ta b lis h m en ts g e n e r a lly had h ig h e r a v e r a g e e a rn in g s than th ose in s m a lle r co m m u n itie s and in e s ta b lis h m en ts e m p lo y in g fe w e r than 500 w o rk ers T h e le v e l o f e a rn in g s f o r p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in M a y w as 34 p e r cen t h ig h e r than the a v e r a g e r e c o r d e d in a s im ila r study in M a y D u rin g the 1964r 70 p e r io d the annual r a te o f i n c r e a s e 1 in a v e r a g e ea rn in g s 0 w as 5 p e rc e n t it am ounted to 5 3 p e r cen t in g la s s c o n ta in e r plan ts and 4 5 p e rc e n t in o th e r p r e s s e d o r b low n g la s s and g la s s w a r e p la n ts A v e r a g e annual r a te s o f in c r e a s e v a r ie d som ew h at by r e g io n In g la s s c o n ta in e r m a n u fa ctu rin g fo r e x a m p le s tr a ig h t tim e ea rn in g s r o s e 4 7 p e rc e n t an nu ally in the B o r d e r S tates 5 p e rc e n t in the South w est and P a c if ic r e g io n s 5 2 p e rc e n t in the M id d le A tla n tic 5 7 p e rc e n t in the G re a t L a k e s and 6 p e rc e n t in the Southeast In c r e a s e s in the o th e r g la s s w a r e in d u s try w e r e 4 p e rc e n t an nu ally in the B o r d e r S ta tes 4 3 p e rc e n t in the G re a t L a k e s and 4 8 p e rc e n t in the M id d le A tla n tic M e tro p o lita n a r e a w o r k e r s a v e ra g e d m o r e than t h e i r c o u n te rp a rts in non m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s in M a y 1970 In the g l a s s c o n ta in e r in d u s try th is p a tte rn h eld in the tw o r e g io n s fo r w h ich s iz e o f com m u n ity data cou ld be p re s e n te d the M id d le A tla n tic and and the G re a t L a k e s and In the G re a t L a k e s r e g io n the o n ly one p e r m ittin g such c o m p a ris o n s in the o th er g la s s w a r e in d u s try m e tr o p o lita n a r e a w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d 18 cen ts an hour m o r e than th o se in n o n m e tro p o lita n a r e a s 3 25 c o m p a re d w ith W o rk e r s in e s ta b lis h m en ts h a vin g 500 e m p lo y e e s o r m o r e a v e ra g e d 3 16 in g la s s c o n ta in e r p lan ts and 3 10 in o th e r g la s s w a r e p la n ts In b o t h in d u s trie s th e s e a v e r a g e s w e r e 18 cen ts h ig h e r than th o se r e p o r te d in p lan ts e m p lo y in g w o rk ers Data f o r b o t h e s ta b lis h m en t s iz e grou p s cou ld be shown o n ly fo r the Southeast and Southw est re g io n s in the g la s s c o n ta in e r in d u s try S ee ta b le 1 W o rk ers in the l a r g e r plants a v e r a g e d 3 02 in the Southeast and 2 87 in the Southw est r e s p e c t iv e ly 16 and 10 cen ts an hour m o r e than th e ir co u n te rp a rts in s m a lle r p la n ts It is not p o s s ib le in a s u r v e y such as th is to is o la t e and m e a s u re the e x a c t in flu e n c e o f any one c h a r a c t e r is t ic as a d e te rm in a n t o f w a g e le v e ls A s an illu s tr a tio n o f in t e r r e la tio n s h ip s in g l a s s c o n ta in e r p lan ts in the G re a t L a k e s r e gion s lig h tly le s s than tw o th ir d s o f the w o r k e r s in plants e m p lo y in g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e w e r e in n o n m e tro p o lita n a r e a s the c o r re s p o n d in g p ro p o r tio n fo r s m a lle r e s ta b lis h m en ts e m p lo y e e s w as ju s t o v e r th r e e fo u r th s In both g la s s in d u s tr ie s m e n s a v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in g s w e r e 22 p e rc e n t h ig h e r than th o se r e c o r d e d f o r w o m en M en e a rn e d 3 33 an hour in g la s s co n ta in e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts c o m p a re d w ith 2 74 fo r w o m en In th e o th e r g la s s in d u s try c o r resp o n d in g a v e r a g e s w e r e 3 21 and 2 64 T h is g e n e ra l r e la tio n s h ip h eld fo r both in d u s tr ie s in each o f the s e le c te d r e g io n s f o r w h ich data a r e p re s e n te d D iffe r e n c e s in a v e r a g e p ay le v e ls fo r m en and w o m en m a y be the r e s u lt o f s e v e r a l fa c to r s in clu d in g d iffe r e n c e s in the d is trib u tio n o f the s e x e s am on g e s ta b lis h m en ts and as p o in ted out in the d is c u s sion o f in d u s try c h a r a c t e r is t ic s am ong job s h a vin g d iffe r e n t pay le v e ls A ls o d iffe r e n c e s n oted in a v e r a g e s f o r m en and w o m en in th e sam e jo b m a y r e f le c t m in o r d iffe r e n c e s in d u ties Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g w o r k e r s in w a g e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a lly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m en ts b eca u se a llo w a n c e m u s t be m a d e f o r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am on g e s ta b lis h m en ts in s p e c ific d u ties p e r fo r m e d 9 Op c it ELS Bulletin 1423 The compound effect of changes in average hourly earnings was taken into account in computing the annual rate of increase between the May 1964 and May 1970 surveys 4 In d ivid u a l e a r n i n g s ra n g ed w id e ly F e w e r than 1 p e rc e n t in the g la s s c o n ta in e r in d u s try r e c e iv e d le s s than 2 an hour and n e a r ly 4 p e rc e n t e a rn e d 4 50 o r m o r e S ee ta b le 3 In the o th e r p r e s s e d o r blow n g la s s and g la s s w a r e in d u stry the c o rre s p o n d in g p e rc e n ta g e s w e r e 5 and n e a r ly 4 S ee ta b le 4 A s in d ic a te d in the fo llo w in g tab u la tion the ra n ge o f ea rn in g s o f the m id d le h a lf o f the p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s v a r ie d c o n s id e r a b ly am on g the s e le c te d r e g io n s Glass containers United States Middle A tlan tic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Pacific m o ld m a k e r s and 4 29 fo r g la s s b lo w e r s A v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s o f 4 o r m o r e w e r e r e c o r d e d f o r the fo llo w in g o ccu p a tio n a l gro u p s M a in ten an ce m a c h in is ts fo r m in g m a c h in e u p k e e p m en hand g la s s w a r e p r e s s e r s and m e ta l m o ld m a k e r s A l l o f the w o r k e r s in th es e jo b s w e r e m en S e le c to r s o n e e ig h th o f the w o rk fo r c e and n e a r ly a ll wom en a v e r a g e d 2 63 an h our F o r occu p ation s p e r m ittin g c o m p a ris o n am on g a ll s ix re g io n s studied s e p a ra te ly in g la s s c o n ta in e r m a n u fa ctu rin g h ig h est a v e r a g e s w e r e r e c o r d e d in the P a c ific r e g io n and lo w e s t in the Southw est T h e h o u rly w a g e advan tage f o r P a c ific w o r k e r s o v e r th o s e in the Southw est ran ged fr o m 41 cen ts fo r s e le c t o r s to 85 cents o r s lig h tly a b ove f o r tan km en and batch m ix e r s S im ila r c o m p a ris o n s f o r the th re e s e l e c t e d r e g io n s in the o th er p r e s s e d o r blow n g la s s and g la s s w a r e in d u stry r e v e a le d h ig h e s t a v e r a g e s t y p i c a lly in th e G re a t L a k e s and lo w e s t in the B o r d e r S tates T h e s p re a d in h o u rly a v e r a g e e a rn in g s b etw een th es e tw o r e gions ran ged fr o m about 15 cents fo r m a t e r ia l handling la b o r e r s and s e le c to r s to m o r e than 80 cents fo r le h r te n d e r s m a in ten a n ce m e c h a n ic s a n d p r e s s e d w a re punty g a th e r e r s A nu m ber o f f a c to r s m a y h a ve co n trib u ted to th is w id e v a r ia tio n F o r e x a m p le the in c id e n c e o f in c e n tiv e w age s y s te m s is s lig h tly m o r e p re v a le n t in the G rea t L a k e s 41 p e rc e n t than in the B o r d e r States 33 p e r c e n t A ls o s lig h tly o v e r o n e h a lf o f the w o r k e r s in the B o r d e r S tates w e r e in plants h a vin g 500 e m p lo y e e s o r m o r e and about on e ten th w e r e e m p lo y e d in m e t r o p o li tan a r e a s w h e r e a s in the G re a t L a k e s c o rre s p o n d in g p ro p o rtio n s w e r e t h r e e fou rth s and s lig h tly o v e r tw o fifth s Thu s the in flu e n ce s o f in c e n tiv e w age s y s te m s l a r g e e s ta b lis h m e n ts and la r g e c o m m u n itie s a r e r e fle c t e d to a g r e a t e r exten t in the w a g e le v e ls in the G re a t L a k e s than in the B o r d e r S tates In both in d u s tr ie s n a tion w id e o ccu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w e r e g e n e r a lly h ig h e r in m e tro p o lita n than in n o n m e tro p o lita n a r e a s and h ig h e r in plants h a vin g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e than in s m a lle r e s ta b lish m en ts S ee ta b le s 6 and 10 7 and 11 T h e s e re la tio n s h ip s h eld in a ll r e g io n s fo r w h ich s iz e o f com m u n ity and s iz e Pressed or blown glass and glassware except containers F a c to r s co n trib u tin g to the d is p e r s io n o f in d ivid u a l ea rn in g s in clu d e the u se o f in c e n tiv e w a g e s y s te m s th e v a r ie t y o f s k ills r e q u ire d and d iffe r e n c e s in p ay le v e ls am on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts Occupational earnings S e p a ra te in fo rm a tio n w as ob tain ed fo r a n u m b er o f o ccu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a tio n s r e p r e s e n tin g s e v e n te n th s o f the p ro d u c tio n w o rk f o r c e in the g la s s co n ta in e r in d u s try and n e a r l y o n e h a lf in the o th er g la s s w a r e in d u s tr y 1 S ee ta b le s 5 1 and 9 T h e s e jo b s w e r e s e le c te d to r e p re s e n t the v a r io u s a c t iv it ie s p e r fo r m e d by p ro d u c tio n and r e la te d w o r k e r s in the in d u s tr ie s In g la s s c o n t a i n e r p la n ts a v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s ra n g ed fr o m 2 60 fo r ja n ito r s to 4 37 fo r fo r m in g m a c h in e upkeep m en O th er jo b s f o r w h ich e a r n in gs a v e ra g e d m o r e than 4 an hour w e r e fo r m in g m a c h in e o p e r a to r s m a in ten an ce m a c h in is ts and m e ta l m o ld m a k e rs A l l o f th e w o r k e r s in th es e jo b s w e r e m en S e le c to r s who ex a m in e g la s s w a r e fo r d e fe c ts accou n ted fo r s lig h tly m o r e than o n e fo u rth o f the w o rk f o r c e T h e y w e r e m o s t ly w om en and a v e ra g e d 2 72 an h ou r In the o th e r p r e s s e d o r b low n g la s s and g la s s w a r e in d u stry a v e r a g e s fo r the o c cupations stu died s e p a r a te ly ra n g e d fr o m 2 50 fo r c a r r y i n boys and g i r l s and 2 52 fo r ja n ito r s to 4 28 f o r m e ta l 11 Separate earnings data were obtained for a few office jobs and are also presented in tables 5 and 9 5 o f esta b lis h m en t e a rn in g s c o m p a ris o n s cou ld be shown W ithin the sam e jo b a v e r a g e s a ls o w e r e h ig h e r f o r in c e n tiv e p a id w o r k e r s than f o r w o r k e r s p aid on a tim e b a s is S ee ta b le s 8 and 12 W h ere c o m p a r i s o n s w e r e p o s s ib le w ith in the sam e occu p atio n m e n s a v e r a ge h o u rly e a rn in g s w e r e u s u a lly h ig h e r than th o se r e c o r d e d f o r w om en S ee ta b le s 5 and 9 T h e am ount o f such d i f fe r e n c e s v a r ie d s u b s ta n tia lly by re g io n In s o m e in s ta n c e s w o m e n s a v e ra g e s w e r e h ig h e r than m e n s F o r e x a m p le in g la s s c o n ta in e r p la n ts w om en c a rto n a s s e m b le r s in th e M id d le A tla n tic and Southw est e a rn e d r e s p e c t iv e ly 3 and 35 cen ts an hour m o r e than m en A s noted e a r l i e r d iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls f o r m en and w o m en in the sa m e occu p atio n m a y be due to s e v e r a l fa c t o r s In the o th e r p r e s s e d o r b low n g la s s w a r e e x c e p t c o n ta in e rs in d u s try m o r e than n in e ten th s o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e in e s ta b lis h m en ts that had fo r m a l p r o v i sion s f o r s e c o n d s h ift w o rk and s e v e n eigh th s o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e in plan ts that had p r o v is io n s fo r th ird o r o th e r la te s h ifts S ee ta b le 23 O n e fifth o f th e p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d on secon d s h ifts and o n e s e v e n th w e r e on th ird o r o th e r la te s h ifts M ost com m o n ly d iffe r e n t ia ls am ounted to 10 cen ts f o r secon d sh ifts and 12 o r 14 cen ts f o r th ird o r o th e r la te s h ifts S ee ta b le 24 P a id h o lid a y s E s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g n e a r ly a ll the p ro d u ctio n and o ffic e w o r k e r s in both in d u s trie s p ro v id e d p a id h o lid a y s an nually S ee ta b le s 17 and 25 N e a r ly a ll p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in g la s s c o n ta in e r plan ts r e c e iv e d 8 d a ys w h e re a s s lig h tly m o r e than o n e h a lf o f th e ir coun te r p a r ts in the o th e r g la s s w a r e in d u s try w e r e p r o v id e d w ith 8 d a ys o n e fo u rth r e c e iv e d 7 and o n e s e v e n th r e c e iv e d 9 d a ys In th e la tt e r in d u stry p r o v is io n s fo r 8 d ays o r m o r e a p p lie d to substan t ia lly g r e a t e r p ro p o rtio n s o f the w o r k e r s in the M id d le A tla n tic and G re a t L a k e s r e g io n s than in th e B o r d e r S ta tes M o s t o f th e o ffic e w o r k e r s in both in d u s trie s w e r e p ro v id e d at le a s t 8 p aid h o lid a y s a yea r Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Data w e r e ob tain ed f o r p ro d u ctio n and o ffic e w o r k e r s on c e r ta in e s ta b lis h m en t p r a c t ic e s in clu d in g w o rk sch ed u les and s e le c te d su p p lem e n ta ry w a g e b e n e fits in clu d in g p aid h o lid a y s p aid v a c a tio n s and h ealth in s u ra n ce and r e t ir e m e n t p lan s Schedu led w e e k ly h o u r s A c y c lic a l w o rk sch edu le o f th r e e 4 0 h ou r w eek s and one 4 8 h ou r w e e k a p p lie d to th r e e fo u r th s o f the w o r k e r s in g la s s c o n ta in e r plants and to s lig h tly o v e r o n e fifth in o th e r g la s s w a r e e s ta b lis h m e n ts S e e ta b le s 14 and 22 In g la s s c o n ta in e r m a n u fa c tu r in g r e g io n a l p ro p o rtio n s o f w o r k e r s on th is c y c lic a l sch edu le ra n g e d fr o m t h r e e eigh th s in the B o r d e r States to s e v e n eigh th s in the Southeast and G re a t L a k e s A 4 0 h ou r w o rk w e e k a p p lie d to t h r e e fifth s o f the plant w o r k e r s in the o th e r p r e s s e d o r b l o w n g la s s w a r e in d u stry P a id v a c a tio n s P a id v a c a tio n s a fte r q u a lify in g p e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e r e p r o v id e d in a ll e s ta b lis h m en ts stu died S ee ta b le s 18 and 26 In both in d u s trie s a m a jo r it y o f the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s r e c e iv e d at le a s t 1 w e e k o f v a c a tio n p ay a fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 2 w e e k s o r m o r e a fte r 5 y e a r s and at le a s t 3 w eek s a fte r 10 y e a r s N e a r ly s e v e n e ig h th s o f the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in g la s s c o n ta in e r p la n ts and s e ve n te n th s in o th e r g la s s w a r e p la n ts w e r e p ro v id e d w ith at le a s t 4 w eek s o f v a c a tio n pay a fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e V a c a tio n p r o v is io n s v a r ie d w id e ly b y r e g io n F o r e x a m p le g la s s c o n ta in e r p l a n t s p ro v id in g at le a s t 4 w eek s o f v a c a tio n p ay a fte r 20 y e a r s e m p lo y e d n in e ten th s o f the w o r k e r s in the M id d le A tla n tic r e g i o n c o m p a re d w ith about o n e h a lf in the B o r d e r S ta tes C o r re s p o n d in g p ro p o rtio n s in the o th e r g la s s w a r e in d u s try w e r e a p p ro x im a te ly fo u r fifth s and s lig h tly m o r e than o n e th ir d S h ift p r o v is io n s a n d p r a c t ic e s A l l o f the esta b lis h m en ts in th e g la s s c o n ta in e r in d u s try had fo r m a l p ay p r o v is io n s fo r seco n d and t h ir d s h ift w o rk S ee ta b le 15 A bou t o n e fo u rth o f the p r o du ction w o r k e r s a c tu a lly w e r e on secon d s h ifts and th ey n e a r ly a lw a ys r e c e iv e d a 1 0 cen t d iffe r e n t ia l ab o ve th e ir d a y s h ift r a te s A s im ila r p ro p o r tio n w as e m p lo y e d on th ird o r o th e r la te s h ifts and w ith fe w ex c e p tio n s r e c e iv e d a 1 4 cent d iffe r e n t ia l S ee ta b le 16 6 F o r o ffic e w o r k e r s ty p ic a l p r o v is io n s w e r e at le a s t 2 w eek s o f v a c a tio n pay a fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e at le a s t 3 w eek s a fte r 10 y e a r s and at le a s t 4 w eek s a fte r 20 y e a r s S lig h tly m o r e than o n e h a lf o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s in the o th e r g la s s w a r e in d u s try w e r e in plants p ro v id in g o v e r 5 but under 6 w eek s o f v a c a tio n pay a fte r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e P r o v is io n s f o r m o r e than 4 w e e k s h o w e v e r w e r e r a r e in the g la s s co n ta in e r in d u stry r e g io n a l v a r ia tio n s w e r e n oted f o r a ll o f th es e b e n e fits e x c e p t l i f e h o s p ita liz a tio n and s u r g ic a l in s u ra n ce R e tir e m e n t p en sion p la n s in ad d ition to F e d e r a l s o c ia l s e c u r ity a p p lie d to n in etenths o r m o r e o f the p ro d u ctio n and o ffic e w o r k e r s in both in d u s tr ie s Em p lo y e r s ty p ic a lly p aid the to ta l co s t o f th es e p lan s R e tir e m e n t s e v e r a n c e pay plans w e r e v ir t u a lly n o n ex isten t H ealth in s u ra n ce and r e t i r e m e n t p la n s L i f e h o s p ita liz a tio n and s u r g ic a l in su ra n ce w e r e p ro v id e d by e s ta b lis h m en ts e m p lo y in g n e a r ly a ll o f the p r o duction w o r k e r s in both in d u s tr ie s S ee ta b le s 19 and 27 A ls o a c c id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e rm e n t in su ra n ce b e n e fits a p p lied to fo u r fift h s o f th e w o r k e r s In the g la s s co n ta in e r in d u stry m e d ic a l in su ran ce was p r o v id e d by a ll e s ta b lis h m en ts v is ite d m ajor m e d ic a l in su ra n ce by plants e m p lo y in g s e v e n e ig h th s o f the w o r k e r s and sic k n e ss and a c c id en t by th o se e m p lo y in g fo u r fift h s P ro p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m en ts p ro v id in g th es e b e n e fits in the o th e r g la s s w a r e in d u s try w e r e r e s p e c t iv e ly th r e e fo u r th s t h r e e fift h s and s e v e n e ig h th s These b e n e fits fo r w h ich e m p lo y e r s paid at le a s t p a rt o f th e c o s t g e n e r a lly w e r e a v a ila b le to s im ila r p ro p o rtio n s o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s In ad d ition a p p ro x i m a te ly fo u r fift h s o f the in d u s tr ie s o ffic e w o r k e r s w e r e c o v e r e d by s ic k le a v e p lan s u s u a lly fu ll pay no w a itin g p e rio d T h e in c id e n c e o f m o s t o f the h ealth and in su ra n ce b e n e fits studied in g la s s c o n ta in e r m a n u fa ctu rin g v a r ie d l i t t le am ong the s e le c te d r e g io n s In the o th e r g la s s w a r e in d u s try h o w e v e r s u b s t a n t i a l O th er s e le c te d b e n e fit s N e a r ly a ll the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s and a p p ro x im a te ly fo u r fift h s o f th e o ffic e w o r k e r s in the g la s s c o n ta in e r in d u s try w e r e in e s ta b lis h m e n ts h a vin g p r o v is io n s f o r fu n e ra l le a v e and ju r y duty p ay S ee ta b le 20 In the o th e r g la s s w a r e in d u s try fu n e ra l le a v e pay b e n e fits a p p lied to about fo u r fifth s o f th e p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s and ju r y duty pay to n e a r ly th r e e fo u r th s Ap p r o x im a te ly s e v e n e ig h th s o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s w e r e in plan ts w ith p r o v is io n s f o r th es e tw o b e n e fits T h e in c id e n c e o f th es e p r o v is io n s was c o n s id e r a b ly g r e a t e r in the M id d le A tla n tic and G re a t L a k e s re g io n s than in the B o r d e r S ta tes S ee ta b le 28 T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e pay p lan s p ro v id in g p aym en ts to e m p lo y e e s p e r m a n en tly s e p a ra te d fr o m the com p an y b e cau se o f a te c h n o lo g ic a l change o r plant c lo s in g w e r e a v a ila b le to th re e te n th s o f the p ro d u ctio n and o ffic e w o r k e r s in g la s s c o n ta in e r plants Such p lan s a p p lied to su bstan tial p ro p o rtio n s o f w o r k e r s in e ith e r grou p in the M id d le A tla n tic B o r d e r S tates Southw est a n d G re a t L a k e s r e g io n s T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e p ay w as v ir t u a lly n o n existen t in the o th e r g la s s w a r e in d u stry 7 T a b le 1 A v e ra g e h ou rly earn ing s B y s e le c te d ch arac teris tic s N u m b e r o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 in p r e s s e d o r b l o w n g l a s s and g l a s s w a r e m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s U ni t e d S t a t e s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s M a y 1970 U ni te d S t a te s 2 Number of workers Item Average hourly earnings Mid dl e Atlan tic Number of workers B o r d e r States Ave r a g e hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Southeast Number of w orkers Southwest Average hourly earnings G reat Lakes P acific Number of w orkers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of w orkers Average hourly earnings All e s ta b l is h m e n t s M e n W o m e n U Siz e of commun ii M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s Si ze of e s t a b l i s h m e n t w o r k e r s w o r k e r s o r m o r e A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s M e n W o m e n Si ze of c o m m u n i t y M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s Si ze of e s t a b l i s h m e n t w o r k e r s w o r k e r s o r m o r e T y p e of p r o d u c t a n d m e t h o d of m a n u f a c t u r e 4 T a b l e w a r e a r t w a r e i n d u s t r i a l and i l l u m i n a t i n g g l a s s w a r e H a n d M a c h i n e T e c h n i c a l and s c i e n t i f i c g l a s s w a r e A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s M e n W o m e n Glass co ntainers j P r e s s e d o r b l o w n g l a s s an d g l a s s w a r e except co ntainers t 2 u E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and 1 r w o r k on w e e k e n d s h ol i d a y s and l a t e s h i f t s I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s i n a d d i t i o n to f i o s e s ho wn s e p a r a t e l y A l a s k a and H a w a i i w e r e not i n c l u d e d i n t he st u dy S ta n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s a s d e f i n e d b y the U S O f f i c e of M a n a g e m e n t and B u d g e t t h r o u g h J a n u a r y 1968 D a t a f o r a l l p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s i n c l u d e o t h e r p r o d u c t s in a d d i ti on to t hos e s h o wn s e p a r a t e l y NOTE Dashes in dica te no d a t a rep o rt ed or data t hat do not m e e t p ub l i c a t i on c r i t e r i a T a b le 2 E arn in g s d istribu tion P re s s e d or blow n g lass and g la s s w a re P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 U ni ted S t a t e s an d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s Ma y 1970 Uni ted S t a te s 2 A verage hourly e a r n i n g s 1 2 M id d l e A t l a n t i c T o ta l U n d e r Men B o r d e r S t a te s Southeast Southwest G reat Lakes Pacific i i Women an d an d an d an d an d under under under under under an d an d a nd an d an d under under under under under an d and an d and a nd under under under under under a nd an d an d an d an d under under under under under an d an d an d a nd an d under under under under under an d an d an d and an d under under under under under an d o v e r Total N u m b e r of w o r k e r s A verage hourly e a r n i n g s n Because of rounding sum s E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s h o l id a y s and l a t e s h i f t s 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s i n a d d it i o n to t h o s e sh o wn s e p a r a t e l y 3 L e s s than 0 0 5 p e rc e n t 4 I n c l u d e s 1 2 p e r c e n t a t to p e r c e n t at to p e r c e n t a t to an d 5 7 p e r c e n t a t an d o v e r NOTE k of in d iv id u a l i t e m s m ay not equal 100 T a b le 3 E arn in g s d is trib u tio n G la s s co n tainers P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 U n ited S ta te s a n d s e le c te d r e g io n s M ay 1970 U n it ed S t a t e s 2 M id d l e A t l a n t i c B o r d e r S t a te s Southeast So u t h w e s t Great Lakes A v erag e hourly e a r n i n g s 1 Total Me n U n d e r and and and and a nd under under under under under an d a nd an d a nd a under under under under uder a nd an d an d an d an d under under under under under an d an d an d an d an d under under under under under a nd an d a nd an d an d under under under under under Pacific W om e n a nd o v e r T o t a l N u m b e r of w o r k e r s A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e an d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s h o l id a y s and la t e s h i f t s 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s i n a d d i t i o n to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y 3 L e s s than 0 0 5 p e rc e n t 4 I n c l u d e s 1 2 p e r c e n t a t to p e r c e n t at to p e r c e n t a t to a n d 5 3 p e r c e n t a t an d o v e r NOTE B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g s u m s of in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l T a b le 4 E a rn in g s distribution P re s s e d or blow n g lass and g la s s w a re e x c e p t co n tain e rs P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 U n i t ed S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s M a y 1970 United States 2 A v erag e hourly earnings 1 T otal Men Women M id d l e Atlantic Border States Great Lakes U n d e r and and and and a nd under under under under under a nd and and and and under under under under under and and and and and under under under under under and and a nd a nd and under under under under under and and and and and under under under under under and and and and and under under under under under N u m b e r of w o r k e r s A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s a n d o v e r T o t a l 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s in a d d it i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y 3 L e s s t h a n 0 05 p e r c e n t NOTE B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g holidays s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l and late shifts T a b le 5 O c c u p a tio n a l a v erag es G la s s c o n ta in e rs all es tab lis h m en ts N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s U n ite d S ta te s a n d s e le c te d r e g i o n s M a y 1970 U n ite d S ta te s O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x N um ber of w o rk ers B o r d e r S ta te s M id d le A tla n tic H o u rly e a rn in g s 1 M id d le ran g e3 M e a n 3 M e d ia n 3 N um ber of w o rk e rs H o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 M id d le ran g e3 M e a n 3 M e d ia n 3 N um ber of w o rk ers S o u th e a s t H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 M id d le ran g e 3 M e a n 3 M e d ia n 3 N um ber of w o rk ers H o u rly e a r n in g s 1 M id d le range 3 M e a n 3 M e d ia n 3 S e le c te d p r o d u c t i o n o c c u p a tio n s no b rsi A s s e m b l e r s c a r t o n s M e n Wom e n B a t c h a n d f u r n a c e m e n a l l m en B a tc h m i x e r s a ll m e n C u l le t h a n d le r s a l l m en D e c o r a ti n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s w o m e n a n d 187 m e n E l e c t r i c i a n s m a i n t e n a n c e a ll m en F o r m i n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s a ll m e n F o r m in g m a c h in e u p k eep m en a ll m e n H e lp e rs m a in te n a n c e tra d e s a ll m e n I n s p e c t o r s f i n a l M e n W o m e n J a n i t o r s M e n W om en L a b o r e r s m a t e r i a l h a n d lin g m e n a n d 3 w o m e n L e h r t e n d e r s a ll m en M a c h i n i s t s m a i n t e n a n c e a l l n n M e c h a n i c s m a i n t e n a n c e a l l m en M o ld m a k e r s m e t a l a l l m e n P i p e f i t t e r s m a i n t e n a n c e a l l m en S e l e c t o r s M e n W o m en 343 T a n k m e n a ll m e n T r u c k e r s p o w e r f o r k lif t m e n a n d 1 w o m a n T r u c k e r s p o w e r o th e r th a n f o rk lif t a ll m e n W a tc h m e n a ll m en S e l e c t e d o f fic e o c c u p a tio n s C l e r k s g e n e r a l 253 w o m e n a n d 33 m e n C l e r k s p a y r o l l 1 1 4 w o m e n a n d 9 m en S t e n o g r a p h e r s g e n e r a l T y p i s t s c l a s s A a l l w o m e n T y p i s t s c l a s s B a ll w o m e n S e e fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le T a b le 5 O c c u p a tio n a l averag es G la s s co n tain e rs all e s ta b lis h m e n ts C o n tin u e d N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s U n ite d S ta te s a n d s e le c te d r e g i o n s M ay 1970 S o u th w e s t O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x N um ber of w o rk e rs G reat L akes H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 a a n 3 M e d ia n 3 M id d le ran g e 3 N um ber of w o rk ers P a c if i c H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 M ean3 M id d le ran g e 3 M e d ia n 3 N um ber of w o rk e rs H o u rly e a r n in g s 1 M ean3 M e d ia n 3 M id d le ran g e 3 S e l e c t e d p r o d u c t i o n o c c u p a tio n s A s s e m b l e r s c a r t o n s M e n W o m e n B a t c h a n d f u r n a c e m e n a l l m en B a tc h m i x e r s a l l m e n C u lle t h a n d le r s a l l m en D e c o r a ti n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 236 w o m e n a n d 187 m e n E l e c t r i c i a n s m a i n t e n a n c e a l l m en F o r m i n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s a l l m e n F o rm in g m a c h in e u p k eep m en a l l m e n H e lp e rs m a in te n a n c e tra d e s a l l m e n I n s p e c t o r s f i n a l M e n W o m e n J a n i t o r s M e n W o m e n L a b o r e r s m a t e r i a l h a n d lin g m e n a n d 3 w o m e n L e h r t e n d e r s a l l m e n M a c h i n i s t s m a i n t e n a n c e a l l m en M e c h a n i c s m a i n t e n a n c e a l l m e n M o ld m a k e r s m e t a l a l l m en P i p e f i t t e r s m a i n t e n a n c e a ll m en S e l e c t o r s M e n W o m e n T a n k m e n a ll m e n T r u c k e r s p o w e r f o r k lif t m e n a n d 1 w o m a n T r u c k e r s p o w e r o th e r th a n f o rk lif t a ll m e n W a tc h m e n a l l m e n b S e l e c t e d o f fic e o c c u p a tio n s C l e r k s g e n e r a l 2 5 3 w o m e n a n d 33 m e n C l e r k s p a y r o l l 114 w o m e n a n d 9 m en S t e n o g r a p h e r s g e n e r a l a l l w o m e n T y p i s t s c l a s s A a l l w o m e n T y p i s t s c l a s s B a ll w o m e n E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s h o l id a y s a n d l a t e s h if t s 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e l y S e e a p p e n d ix A f o r m e th o d u s e d in c o m p u tin g m e a n s m e d i a n s a n d m id d le r a n g e s o f e a r n i n g s NOTE D a s h e s in d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r t e d o r d a ta th a t d o n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a M e d ia n s a n d m id d le r a n g e s a r e n o t p r o v id e d f o r e n t r i e s of f e w e r th a n 15 w o r k e r s T a b le 6 O c c u p a tio n a l averag es G la s s co n tain e rs by size o f co m m u n ity N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a nd a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in m e t r o p o li ta n a n d n o n m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s U n ited S ta te s a n d s e le c te d re g io i i M ay 1970 U ni t e d S t a t e s 2 Metropolitan areas O c c u p a t i o n and s e x Mid dle Atla nt ic N onmetro pol it an areas Aver age hourly earn i ng s Num ber of work ers Aver age ho urly earn i n gs A s s e m b l e r s c a r t o n S e l e c t o r s Num ber of work ers M e tr op olita n areas Num ber of work ers Aver age ho urly earn i n gs Southeast N on m etro p ol i t a n areas Num ber of work ers Aver age hourly earn i n gs Southwest Me tr op olita n areas Num ber of work ers Aver age ho urly earn i n gs M e tr op olitan areas Num ber of work ers Aver age ho urly earn i n gs Great Lakes M etr op olitan areas Num be r of work ers Aver age hourly earn ings Pacific N onm etro p ol i t a n areas Num ber of work ers Aver age hourly earn i n gs Me tro politan areas Num ber of work ers Aver age hourly ea r ni ng s Me n A s s e m b l e r s c a r t o n B a t c h a n d f u r n a c e m e n B a t c h m i x e r s G u l l e t h a n d l e r s D e c o r a t i n g m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s E l e c t r i c i a n s m a i n t e n a n c e F o r m i n g m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s F o r m i n g m a c h i n e u p k e e p m e n I n s p e c t o r s f i n a l J a n i t o r s L a b o r e r s m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g L e h r t e n d e r s M a c h i n i s t s m a i n t e n a n c e M e c h a n i c s m a i n t e n a n c e M o l d m a k e r s m e t a l S e l e c t o r s T a n k m e n T r u c k e r s p o w e r f o r kl i f t Women 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and for w o r k on w e e k e n d s 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e sho wn s e p a r a t e l y NOTE ho lid ay s and l a t e shifts D a s h e s i n d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r t e d o r d a ta th a t do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a T a b le 7 O c c u p a tio n a l averages G lass co n tain e rs by size o f e s tab lis h m en t N u m b e r of w o r k e r s a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s Uni t ed S ta t e s 1 2 U nited S tates and s e le c te d re g io n s Mi ddle Atla nti c M a y 1970 Southeast Southwest G re a t Lakes E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x 500 w o r k e r s o r m o re 20 499 w o rk e rs N um ber of w o rk e rs A v e r ag e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v er ag e h o u r ly e a rn in g s w o r k e r s o r m o re N um ber of w o rk e rs w o rk ers 500 w o r k e r s o r m o re A v er ag e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v e r age h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs w o rk ers 500 w o r k e r s o r m o re 500 w o r k e r s o r m o re 500 w o r k e r s o r m o re A v e r ag e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v e r age h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v er age h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v e r ag e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v e r age h o u r ly e a rn ings M en A s s e m b l e r s c a r t o n s B a t c h a n d f u r n a c e m e n B a tc h m i x e r s C u l le t h a n d l e r s D e c o r a ti n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s E l e c t r i c i a n s m a i n te n a n c e F o r m i n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s F o r m i n g m a c h in e u p k e e p m e n H e l p e r s m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s I n s p e c t o r s f i n a l J a n i t o r s L a b o r e r s m a t e r i a l h a n d li n g T eh r t e n d e r s M a c h i n i s t s m a i n t e n a n c e M e c h a n ic s m a i n t e n a n c e M o ld m a k e r s m e t a l S e le c to rs T a n k m e n T r u c k e r s p o w e r fo r k lif t T r u c k e r s p o w e r o th e r th a n f o r k l if t W a tc h m e n W om en A s s e m b l e r s c a r t o n s I n s p e c t o r s f i n a l S e le c to rs E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f or w o r k on w e e k e n d s I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s in a dd it io n to t h o s e shown s e p a r a t e l y NOTE D ashes indicate no d a t a r e p o r t e d holiday s and l a t e o r d a t a t h a t do n o t m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n s hi f t s criteria T a b le 8 O c c u p a tio n a l a v erag es G la ss co n tain e rs by m etho d o f w a g e p aym en t N u m b e r of w o r k e r s a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s U n ite d S ta te s a n d s e le c te d r e g i o n s M ay 1970 U n ite d S ta te s 2 T im e w o rk e rs O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x N um ber of w o rk e rs A v erag e h o u r ly e a rn in g s M id d le A tla n tic I n c e n tiv e w o rk ers N um ber of w o rk ers T im e w o rk e rs A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s G reat L akes In c e n tiv e w o rk ers N um ber of w o rk ers T im e w o rk e rs P a c if ic In c e n tiv e w o rk ers A v erag e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v erag e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk ers T im e w o rk e rs I n c e n tiv e w o rk ers A v erag e N um ber A v erag e N um ber of h o u r ly h o u r ly of e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s wo r k e r s A v erag e h o u r ly e a r n in g s M en A s s e m b l e r s c a r t o n s B a t c h a n d f u r n a c e m e n B a tc h m i x e r s G u lle t h a n d l e r s D e c o r a ti n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s E l e c t r i c i a n s m a i n t e n a n c e F o r m i n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s F o r m i n g m a c h in e u p k e e p m e n H e l p e r s m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s I n s p e c t o r s f i n a l L a b o r e r s m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g L e h r t e n d e r s M e c h a n i c s m a i n t e n a n c e M o ld m a k e r s m e t a l T a n k m e n T r u c k e r s p o w e r f o r k l i f t W om en A s s e m b l e r s c a r t o n s S e l e c t o r s E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s h o lid a y s a n d l a t e s h if t s 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a te l y NOTE D a s h e s i n d i c a t e n o d a t a r e p o r t e d o r d a t a t h a t do n o t m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n c r i t e r i a T a b le 9 O c c u p a tio n a l averag es P re s s e d or blow n g lass and g la s s w a re e x c e p t c o n ta in e rs all e s ta b lis h m e n ts N u m b e r of w o r k e r s a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s U n ite d S t a te s a n d s e le c te d r e g i o n s M a y 1970 U n ited S ta te s 2 O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x N um ber of w o rk e rs M id d le A tla n tic H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 M e a n 3 M e d ia n 3 M id d le range 3 N um ber of w o rk e rs B o r d e r S t a te s H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 M id d le ran g e 3 M e a n 3 M e d ia n 3 N um ber of w o rk ers G reat L akes H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 M id d le ran g e 3 M e a n 3 M e d ia n 3 N um ber of w o rk e rs H o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 M id d le ran g e 3 M e a n 3 M e d ia n 3 S e l e c t e d p r o d u c t i o n o c c u p a tio n s A s s e m b l e r s c a r t o n s M e n W om en B a t c h a n d f u r n a c e m e n a l l m e n B a tc h m i x e r s 190 m e n a n d 1 w o m a n B l o w e r s 384 m e n a n d 26 w o m e n C a r ry in boys o r g irls 739 M en W nm pri C u lle t h a n d l e r s a l l m e n C u t t e r s d e c o r a t iv e 62 w o m e n a n d 33 m e n D e c o r a ti n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 290 w o m e n a n d 107 m e n E l e c t r i c i a n s m a i n t e n a n c e a l l m e n F o r m i n g m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s a l l m e n F o rm in g m a c h in e u p k eep m e n a ll m e n G a t h e r e r s b lo w p ip e a ll m e n G a t h e r e r s p r e s s e d w a r e p u n ty 350 m e n a n d 2 w o m e n G rin d e rs g la s s w a re M e n W om en H e l p e r s m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s a ll m e n I n s p e c t o r s f in a l 487 w o m e n a n d 221 m e n J a n ito rs M en W om en L a b o r e r s m a t e r i a l h a n d lin g m e n a n d 52 w o m e n L e h r t e n d e r s 135 m e n a n d 8 w o m e n M a c h i n i s t s m a i n t e n a n c e a l l m e n M e c h a n i c s m a i n t e n a n c e a ll m e n M o l d p r e s s o p e r a t o r s a ll m en 191 P i p e f i t t e r s m a i n t e n a n c e a l l m e n P r e s s e r s g l a s s w a r e h a n d a ll m e n S e le c to rs M e n W om en T a n k m e n a ll m e n T r a n s f e r m e n 503 m e n a n d 14 w o m e n T r u c k e r s p o w e r fo r k lif t 487 m e n anH 2 w o m e n 489 W a r m in g i n b o y s a l l m en 390 W a tc h m e n a ll m en b T r n o r S e l e c t e d o f fic e o c c u p a tio n s C l e r k s g e n e r a l 200 w o m e n a n d 12 m e n C l e r k s p a y r o l l 80 w o m e n a n d 12 m e n S t e n o g r a p h e r s g e n e r a l a l l w o m e n T y p i s ts c l a s s A a ll w o m e n T y p i s t s c l a s s B a ll w o m e n E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s h o lid a y s a n d l a t e s h if t s 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y S e e a p p e n d ix A f o r m e th o d u s e d in c o m p u tin g m e a n s m e d i a n s a n d m id d le r a n g e s o f e a r n i n g s N O TE D a s h e s in d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r te d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lica tio n c r it e r ia M e d ia n s a n d m id d le r a n g e s a r e n o t p r o v id e d f o r e n t r i e s o f f e w e r th a n 15 w o r k e r s T a b le 10 O c c u p a tio n a l av e ra g e s P re ss ed or blow n glass and g la s s w a re e x c e p t co n ta in e rs by size o f co m m un ity N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in m e t r o p o li ta n a n d n o n m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s U n ite d S ta te s a nd s e le c te d r e g i o n s M ay 1970 M id d le A tla n tic U n ite d S ta te s 2 M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s N o n m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s N o n m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s G reat L akes B o r d e r S t a te s M e tr o p o li t a n a r e a s M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s N o n m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x N um ber of w o rk ers A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s N um ber of w o rk ers A v erag e h o u r ly e a r n in g s N um ber of w o rk ers A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s N um ber of w o rk ers A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk ers A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v erag e h o u r ly e a r n in g s M en B a t c h a n d f u r n a c e m e n B a tc h m i x e r s C a r r y i n b o y s C u l le t h a n d l e r s D e c o r a ti n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s E l e c t r i c i a n s m a i n t e n a n c e F o r m i n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s F o r m i n g m a c h in e u p k e e p m e n G a t h e r e r s p r e s s e d w a r e p u r ity H e l p e r s m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s J a n i t o r s L a b o r e r s m a t e r i a l h a n d li n g L e h r t e n d e r s M a c h i n i s t s m a i n t e n a n c e M e c h a n i c s m a in te n a n c e M o l d p r e s s o p e r a t o r s P r e s s e r s g l a s s w a r e h a n d T a n k m e n T r a n s f e r m e n T r u c k e r s p o w e r f o r k l i f t Ill W om en G r i n d e r s g l a s s w a r e S e l e c t o r s E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s h o lid a y s a n d l a t e s h if t s I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y N O TE D a s h e s i n d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r t e d o r d a ta t h a t do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a T a b le 11 O c c u p a tio n a l earnings P re s s e d or blown g lass and g la s s w a re e x c e p t c o n ta in e rs by size o f e s ta b lis h m e n t N u m b e r of w o r k e r s a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s U n ite d S ta te s a n d s e le c te d r e g i o n s M ay 1970 U n ite d S ta te s 2 M id d le A tla n tic B o rd e r S ta te s G reat L akes E s t a b l i s h m e n ts w ith O c c u p a tio n a n d s e x v o r k e r s N um ber of w o rk ers 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e N um ber of w o rk ers A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v erag e h o u r ly e a r n in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs A v erag e h o u r ly e a r n in g s M en B a tc h m i x e r s B l o w e r s C a r r y i n b o y s C u l le t h a n d l e r s D e c o r a ti n g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s E l e c t r i c i a n s m a i n t e n a n c e F o r m i n g m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s F o r m i n g m a c h in e u p k e e p m e n G a t h e r e r s b lo w p ip e G r i n d e r s g l a s s w a r e J a n i t o r s L a b o r e r s m a t e r i a l h a n d lin g L e h r t e n d e r s M a c h i n i s t s m a i n t e n a n c e M e c h a n ic s m a i n t e n a n c e M o ld m a k e r s m e t a l M o l d p r e s s o p e r a t o r s T a n k m e n W om en A s s e m b l e r s c a r t o n s J a n i t o r s S e l e c t o r s E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s h o lid a y s a n d la t e s h if t s 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a te l y NOTE D a s h e s i n d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r t e d o r d a ta t h a t do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a T a b le 12 O c c u p a tio n a l averag es P re s s e d or blow n glass and g la s s w a re e x c e p t co n ta in e rs by m e th o d o f w a g e p aym en t N u m b e r of w o r k e r s and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s U n i t e d S t a t e s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s Mi ddle Atla ntic U ni t ed St at e s 1 2 Tim eworker s M a y 1970 I nc en t iv e w o r k e r s T im ew ork er s B o r d e r S ta t e s Incentive w o r k e r s T im eworkers Great Lakes T im ew orkers Incentive w o r k e r s O c c u p a t i o n and s e x N um ber of workers Average ho urly earni ngs Number of w ork er s Average hourly earn in gs Number of workers Average ho u rly earni ng s N um be r of workers Average ho u rly earni ng s N um be r of workers Average hourly earni ng s Number of workers Average hou rly earn in gs N um be r of workers Average hourly earni ngs Men B a t c h a n d f u r n a c e m e n Batch m ixe rs D e c o r a t i n g m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s E l e c t r i c i a n s m a i n t e n a n c e F o r m i n g m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s F o r m i n g m a c h i n e u p k e e p m e n G r i n d e r s g l a s s w a r e H e l p e r s m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s L e h r t e n d e r s M o l d p r e s s o p e r a t o r s T a n k m e n T r u c k e r s p o w e r f o r k l i f t W om en Inspectors Selectors 1 2 f i n a l E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f or w o r k on w e e k e n d s I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e sho wn s e p a r a t e l y NOTE D ashes indicate no d a ta rep o rted holidays and l a t e s hi f t s o r d a t a th a t do not m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n c r i t e r i a T a b le 13 G la s s containers M ethod o f w a g e p aym en t P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s b y m e th o d of w a g e p a y m e n t U n ite d S t a te s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s M ay 1970 M e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t 1 A ll w o r k e r s U n ite d S t a te s 2 M id d le A tla n tic 100 B o rd e r S ta te s S o u th e a s t S o u th w e s t G re a t L akes P a c if i c T i m e r a t e d w o r k e r s F o r m a l p l a n S in g le r a t e R a n g e o f r a t e s I n d iv id u a l r a t e s I n c e n tiv e w o r k e r s In d iv id u a l p i e c e w o r k G r o u p p i e c e w o r k I n d iv id u a l b o n u s G r o u p b o n u s F o r d e f in itio n o f m e th o d of w a g e p a y m e n t s e e a p p e n d ix A 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y 3 L e s s t h a n 0 5 p e r c e n t NOTE B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s T a b le 14 G lass containers Scheduled w eekly hours P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n a n d o ffic e w o r k e r s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s o f d a y s h i f t w o r k e r s W e e k ly h o u r s U n ite d S t a te s 2 M id d le A tla n tic U n ite d S t a te s a n d s e le c te d r e g i o n s M ay 1970 B o rd er S t a te s S o u th e a s t S o u th w e s t G re a t L akes P a c if i c P r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s h o u r s h o u r s C y c l ic a l w o r k w e e k s a n d 4 8 h o u r s O ffic e w o r k e r s A ll w o r k e r s h o u r s V4 h o u r s V2 h o u r s h o u r s h o u r s h o u r s D a ta r e l a t e to p r e d o m in a n t w o r k s c h e d u le f o r f u l l t i m e w o r k e r s in e a c h e s ta b l is h m e n t 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y 3 I n c lu d e s o t h e r r e g u l a r l y a lt e r n a t in g w o rk w e e k s c h e d u le s in a d d itio n to t h e o n e s h o w n s e p a r a te l y NOTE B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l T a b le 15 Glass containers S hift differential provisions P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s b y s h if t d i f f e r e n t ia l p r o v i s i o n s 1 U n ite d S t a te s a n d s e le c te d r e g i o n s M ay 1970 S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l U n ite d S ta te s 2 M id d le A tla n tic B o rd e r S ta te s S o u th e a s t S o u th w e s t G reat L akes P a c if i c S e c o n d s h if t W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g s e c o n d s h if t p r o v i s i o n s W ith s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l U n if o r m c e n ts p e r h o u r c e n ts c e n ts S o u th w e s t G re a t Lakes P a c if i c T h i r d o r o t h e r l a t e s h if t W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g t h i r d o r o t h e r l a t e s h i f t p r o v i s i o n s W ith s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l U n if o r m c e n ts p e r h o u r c e n t s c e n t s R e f e r s to p o l ic i e s o f e s ta b l is h m e n t s e it h e r c u r r e n tl y o p e r a t in g l a t e s h if t s o r h a v in g p r o v is i o n s c o v e r in g l a t e s h if t s 2 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y NOTE B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s T ab le 16 Glass containers Shift differential practices P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d o n l a t e s h if ts b y a m o u n t o f p a y d i f f e r e n t ia l U n ite d S t a te s a n d s e le c te d r e g i o n s M ay 1970 S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l U n ite d S ta te s 1 M id d le A tla n tic B o rd er S t a te s S o u th e a s t S e c o n d s h if t W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d o n s e c o n d s h if t R e c e iv in g s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l U n i f o r m c e n ts p e r h o u r c e n ts c e n ts T h i r d o r o t h e r l a t e s h if t W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d o n t h i r d o r o t h e r l a t e s h if t R e c e iv in g s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l U n if o r m c e n ts p e r h o u r c e n t s c e n t s I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to th o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y NOTE B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s T a b le 17 G la s s containers Paid holidays P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p a i d h o l i d a y s U n i t e d S t a t e s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s U ni t ed States 1 N u m b e r of p a i d h o l i d a y s Mid dle Atla ntic Border States Southeast M a y 1970 Southwest Great Lakes Pacific Prod uctio n w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g paid ho liday s d ay s d a y s d a y s p l u s 1 h a l f d a y d a y s O ff ic e w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a i d h o l i d a y s d a y s d a y s d ays plus 1 half day d a y s d a y s d a y s p lu s 1 h a l f d a y days d a y s p l u s 1 h a l f d a y I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s i n add it io n to t h o s e s h o wn s e p a r a t e l y L e s s t h an 0 5 p e r c e n t NOTE B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s T a b le 18 G la s s co n tain e rs P aid vacations P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i th f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p a i d v a c a t i o n s a f t e r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s of s e r v i c e U ni t e d States 1 V a c a ti o n po licy Middle Atlantic Border St a te s Southeast Southwest Great Lakes P acific U n i t e d S t a t e s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s Uni ted St ates 1 Mi ddle At lanti c Border States Pr od uction w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s M a y 1970 Southeast Southwest G re at Lakes P a c if ic O ff ic e w o r k e r s Me th od of paym en t W o r k e r s in es ta b l i s h m e n t s pr ov id in g p a i d v a c a t i o n s L e n g t h o f t i m e p a y m e n t P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t Am ou nt of V a c a ti o n pa y 2 A f t e r 1 y e a r of s e r v i c e 1 w e e k O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s w e e k s A f t e r 2 y e a r s of s e r v i c e 1 w e e k O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s A f t e r 5 y e a r s of s e r v i c e 2 w e e k s O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s w e e k s A f t e r 10 y e a r s of s e r v i c e 2 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s A f t e r 15 y e a r s of s e r v i c e 3 w e e k s O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s A f t e r 20 y e a r s of s e r v i c e 4 3 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 4 and u n d e r 5 w e e k s Includes data for r eg io n s in addition to those s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y 2 T h e a m o u n t of v a c a t i o n p a y i n t h i s t a b u l a t i o n i s e x p r e s s e d i n t e r m s of t h j t h of t i m e c o v e r e d b y t h e p a y m e n t m ure a g a i n s t the w o r k e r s r e g u l a r w or k w e ek Thu s es tablishm en ts p r o v i d i n g 48 h o u r s v a c a t i o n p a y w e r e c l a s s i f i e d a s g r a n t i n g 1 w e e k i f t h e e o r k s c h e w a s 4 8 h o u r s b u t o v e r 1 a n d ul 3k s h e w o r k s c h e d u l e w a s l e s s t h a n 48 h o u r s M a n y e s t a b l i s h m e n t s m a i n t a i n e d r e g u l a r l y c h a n g i n g w o r k s c h e d u l e s e g 40 h o u r s f o r t he f i r s t 3 w e e k s a w 48 h o u r s f o r t h e f o u r th u h i n s t a n c e s v i s i o n s f o r 48 h o u r s v a c a t i o n p a y w e r e c o n s i d e r e d as o v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s V a c a t i o n p a y m e n t s s u c h as p e r c e n t of a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w e r e c o n v e r t e d t o a n e q u i v a l e n t t i m e a s i s P e r i o d s o f s o r v w e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n and do not i t e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t t he i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n F o r e x a m p l e t he c h a n g e s i n p r o p o r t i o n s i n d i c a t e d a t 10 y e a r s r a y i n c l u d e c h a n g e s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s 3 L e s s t h a n 0 5 p e r c e n t 4 V a c a t i o n p r o v i s i o n s w e r e v i r t u a l l y t he s a m e a f t e r l o n g e r p e r i o d s of s e r v i c e NOTE B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s T a b le 19 G la s s c o n tain e rs H e alth insurance and re tire m e n t plans P e r c e n t it p r o d u c tio n a n d j 1 e r s n s ta b l is h m e n ts w ith s p e c if ie d h e a lth i n s u r a n c e a n d r e t i r e m e n t p la n s U n ite d S ta te s a n d s e le c te d r e g i o n s M a y T ype o f p la n U n ite d S ta te s 2 M iddle A tla n tic B o rd e r S ta te s S o u th e a s t S o u th w e s t G reat L akes P a c if i c U n ite d S ta te s 2 M id d le A tla n tic B o rd er S t a te s P r o d u c ti o n w o r k e r s S o u th e a s t S o u th w e s t G reat L akes P a c if ic O ffic e w o r k e r s 10 0 A ll w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id in g L i f e i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s A c c id e n ta l d e a th a n d d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u ra n c e o r s ic k l e a v e o r b o th S i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s S ic k l e a v e fu ll p a y no w a itin g p e r i o d S ic k le a v e p a r t i a l p a y o r w a itin g p e r i o d H o s p i ta l iz a t io n i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s S u r g ic a l i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s M a jo r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n tr ib u to r y p l a n s R e t ir e m e n t p l a n s P e n s io n s N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s S e v e r a n c e p a y N o n c o n t r i b u to r y p l a n s in c lu d e o n ly t h o s e p la n s fin a n c e d e n t i r e l y b y th e e m p l o y e r L e g a lly r e q u i r e d p la n s s u c h a s w o r k m e n s c o m p e n s a tio n a n d s o c ia l s e c u r i t y a r e e x c lu d e d h o w e v e r p la n s r e q u i r e d by S ta te t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i li ty i n s u r a n c e la w s a r e in c lu d e d i f t h e e m p lo y e r c o n tr i b u te s m o r e th a n i s le g a lly r e q u i r e d o r th e e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e b e n e f i ts in e x c e s s o f l e g a l r e q u i r e m e n ts I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y U n d u p lic a tc d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k l e a v e o r s ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y U n d u p lic a te d t o ta l o f w o r k e r s c o v e re d b y p e n s io n s o r r e t i r e m e n t s e v e r a n c e p a y sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y L e s s t h a n 0 5 p e r c e n t T a b le 2 0 G la s s co n tain ers O th e r se lecte d benefits P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n a n d o f fic e w o r k e r s in e s ta b l is h m e n t s p ro v id in g f u n e r a l l e a v e p a y j u r y d u ty p a y a n d t e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e p a y U n ite d S t a te s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s M ay 1970 I te m 1 U n ite d S ta te s 2 M id d le A tla n tic B o rd er S ta te s S o u th e a s t S o u th w e s t G reat Lakes P a c if i c P r o d u c ti o n w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s ta b l is h m e n t s w ith p r o v is i o n s fo r F u n e r a l l e a v e p a y J u r y d u ty p a y T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e p a y O ffic e w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith p r o v is i o n s fo r F u n e r a l l e a v e p a y J u r y d u ty p a y T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e p a y F o r d e f in itio n o f b e n e f i ts s e e a p p e n d ix A I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a te l y T a b le 21 P re ss ed or blown glass and g la s s w a re ex ce p t co n tainers M eth o d of w ag e p aym en t P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s by m e t h o d of w a g e p a y m e n t Me th od of wage paym ent 1 A l l w o r k e r s U n i t e d S t a t e s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s United States M a y 1970 Mi ddle Atla nti c Border States Great Lakes T i m e r a t e d w o r k e r s F o r m a l p l a n S i n g l e r a t e R a n g e of r a t e s I n d i v i d u a l r a t e s I n c e n t i v e w o r k e r s Individual pi ec e w o rk G r o u p p i e c e w o r k I n d i v i d u a l b o n u s G r o u p b o n u s F o r d e f i ni t io n of m e t h o d of w a g e p a y m e n t s e e a p p e n d i x A I n c l u d e s d at a f o r r e g i o n s i n a ddi tion t o t h o s e s ho wn s e p a r a t e l y L e s s t h an 0 5 p e r c e n t NOTE B e c a u s e of r ou nd ing s u m s of i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a l s T a b le 2 2 P re ss ed or blown glass and g la s s w a re ex ce p t co n tain ers S c h e d u le d w e e k ly hours P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s by s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s of d a y s h i f t w o r k e r s 1 U n i t e d S t a t e s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s M a y 1970 United States 2 W eek ly hours Mid dle At la nti c Border States Great Lakes Productioni w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s h o u r s h o u r s h o u r s C y c l i c a l w o r k w e e k s and 48 h o u r s O ff ic e w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s h o u r s Vs h o u r s V2 h o u r s O v e r 37V2 and u nd e r 40 h o u r s h o u r s h o u r s D a t a r e l a t e t o p r e d o m i n a n t w o r k s c h e d u l e f o r f u l l t i m e w o r k e r s in e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t I n c l u d e s d at a f or r e g i o n s i n addi tion to t h o s e s ho wn s e p a r a t e l y I n c l u d e s o t he r r e g u l a r l y a l te r n a t i n g w o r k w e e k s c h e d u l e s i n a d d it io n t o t he one s h o wn s e p a r a t e l y NOTE B e c a u s e of r ou nd ing s u m s of i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y not e q u a l T a b le 2 3 P re s s e d o r b lo w n g la ss and g la ss w a re e x ce p t co n tain e rs S h ift d iffe re n tia l p ro vision s T a b le 2 4 P re s s e d or blow n glass and g la s s w a re e x ce p t containers S h ift d iffe re n tia l p ractices P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s b y s h i f t d i f f e r e n t i a l p r o v i s i o n s U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s M a y 197 0 United Sta tes 1 2 S h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d on l a t e s h i f t s b y a m o u n t of p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l U n i t e d S t a t e s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s M a y 1970 Middle Atlantic Border S t a te s Great Lakes United St ates 1 S h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l Middle A tla n ti c Border St ates Great Lakes S e c o n d shi ft W o r k e r s in es ta b l i s h m e n t s havi ng s e c o n d s h i f t p r o v i s i o n s Wi t h s hi f t d i f f e r e n t i a l U n i fo r m cents pe r h o u r c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s U n i f o r m p e r c e n t a g e p e r c e n t W i t h no s hi f t d i f f e r e n t i a l S e c o n d shi ft W o r k e r s e m p l o y e d on s e c o n d s h if t R e c e i v i n g shi f t d i f f e r e n t i a l U n i f o r m c e n t s p e r h o u r c e n t s merits c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s R e c e i v i n g no s h i f t d i f f e r e n t i a l T h i r d or o t h e r l a t e shi f t W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g t n i r d or o t h e r l a t e s h i f t p r o v i s i o n s W i t h s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l U n i f o r m c e n t s p e r h o u r c e n t s cents cents cents cen ts c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s W it h no s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l T h i r d o r o t h e r l a t e shi ft R e f e r s to p o l i c i e s of e s ta b l i s h m e n t s ei the r c urre nt ly operating p r o v isio n s c o ve rin g la te sh ifts 2 I n c l u d e s d at a f o r r e g i o n s i n a d d it io n t o t h o s e sho wn s e p a r a t e l y late shifts W o r k e r s e m p l o y e d on t h i r d o r o t h e r l a t e shi ft R e c e i v i n g shi f t d i f f e r e n t i a l U n i f o r m c e n t s p e r h o u r c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s c e n t s R e c e i v i n g no s hi f t d i f f e r e n t i a l B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta ls or h a v i n g I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s i n a d d i t io n to t h o s e s h o wn s e p a r a t e l y NOTE NOTE B e c a u s e of r o u nd i ng s u m s o f i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y not e q ua l t o t a l s T a b le 2 5 P re ss ed or blown g lass and g la s s w a re ex c e p t co n tainers P aid holidays P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i th f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f or pa i d h o l i d a y s U n i t e d S t a t e s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s M a y 1970 U ni t ed States 1 N u m b e r of pa id h ol i d a y s M iddle Atla nti c Border States Great L ak es P r od u c ti on w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p ro v i d i n g p a i d h o l i d a y s d a y s d a y s d a y s pl us 1 h a l f d a y d a y s pl us 2 h a l f d a y s d a y s d a y s pl us 1 h a l f d a y d a y s R e c e i v i n g no pa i d h o l i d a y s O ff ic e w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o vi d in g p a i d h o l i d a y s d a y s d a y s pl us 2 h a l f d a y s d a y s d a y s pl us 1 h a l f d a y d a y s pl us 2 h a l f d a y s d a y s d a y s pl us 1 h a l f d a y d a y s pl us 2 h a l f d a y s d a y s R e c e i v i n g no p a i d h o l i d a y s I n c l ud es d a ta for r e g i o n s 2 L e s s t han 0 5 p e r c e n t NOTE in a d d i ti on to t h o s e B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g sum s s h o wn o f in d iv id u a l ite m s separately m ay not eq u al to ta ls T a b le 2 6 P re s s e d o r b lo w n g lass and g la s s w a re ex ce p t containers P aid vacatio n s P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s i n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s for pa id v a c a t i o n s a f t e r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s of s e r v i c e Vacation policy Uni t ed S t a t e s 1 Mi ddl e A t l a n t i c B o r d er States G reat Lakes U ni t ed S t a t e s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s U ni t ed S t a t e s 1 Prod u cti on w o r k er s Middle At lantic M a y 1970 B o r d e r S t a t es J G r e a t Lake s O ffice w or k er s A l l w o r k e r s Method of pa ym ent W o r k e r s i n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g pa i d v a c a t i o n s L e n g t h o f t i m e p a y m e n t P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t A m o u n t of v a c a t i o n p a y 2 A f t e r 1 y e a r of s e r v i c e 1 w e e k O v e r 1 and u nd er 2 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 2 and u nd e r 3 w e e k s A f t e r 2 y e a r s of s e r v i c e 1 w e e k O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s A f t e r 3 y e a r s of s e r v i c e 1 w e e k O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s A f t e r 5 y e a r s of s e r v i c e O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s A f t e r 10 y e a r s of s e r v i c e 2 w e e k s O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s O v e r 4 and u n d e r 5 w e e k s A f t e r 15 y e a r s of s e r v i c e 2 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 4 and u n d e r 5 w e e k s A f t e r 20 y e a r s of s e r v i c e 2 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 4 and u n d e r 5 w e e k s O v e r 5 and u n d e r 6 w e e k s A f t e r 25 y e a r s of s e r v i c e 4 2 w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s w e e k s w e e k s O v e r 5 and u n d e r 6 w e e k s w e e k s I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s i n a dd i t i o n to t h o s e s ho wn s e p a r a t e l y 2 T h e a m o u n t of v a c a t i o n p a y in t h is t a b u l a t i o n is e x p r e s s e d in t e r m s of the l e n g t h of t i m e c o v e r e d b y the p a y m e n t m e a s u r e d a g a i n s t the w o r k e r s r e g u l a r w o r k w e e k Th us establi sh m en ts p r o v i d i n g 48 h o u r s v a c a t i o n p a y w e r e c l a s s i f i e d a s g r a n t i n g 1 w e e k i f the w o r k s ch e d ul e w a s 48 h o u r s but o v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s i f the w o r k s c h e d u l e w a s l e s s t han 48 h o u r s M an y es tablishm en ts m a i n t a i n e d r e g u l a r l y c h a n g i n g w o r k s c h e d u l e s e g 40 h o u r s f or the f i r s t 3 w e e k s and 48 h o u r s fo r the fo urt h in s u c h i n s t a n c e s p r o v i s i o n s f o r 48 h o u r s v a c a t i o n p a y w e r e c o n s i d e r e d as o v e r 1 and u nd e r 2 w e e k s V a c a t i o n p a y m e n t s s u c h a s p e r c e n t of annual e a r n i n g s w e r e c o n v e r t e d to an e q u i v a l e n t t i m e b a s i s P e r i o d s of s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t the individual es ta b lis h m en t p ro v is io n s F o r e x a m p l e the c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s i n di c a t ed at 10 y e a r s m a y i n c l u d e c h a n g e s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s 3 4 L e s s th an 0 5 p e r c e n t V aca ti o n pr ovis io ns w ere NOTE Because the of r o u n d i n g same su ms aft er longer of i n d i v i d u a l periods it em s of s e r v i c e m a y not e q ual t o t a l s T a b le 2 7 P re s s e d or b lo w n g la s s and g lassw are ex c e p t co n tainers H e a lth insurance and re tire m e n t plans P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s i n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s wi th s p e c i f i e d h e a l t h T y p e of p l a n 1 insurance and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s U ni t ed S t a t e s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s M a y 1970 Uni t ed S t a t es 2 Mid dle Atla nti c Border St a te s Great Lake s U ni t ed States 2 Middle At la nti c Pr od u c ti on w o r k e r s A l l w o r k e r s Border States G re at Lakes O ffice w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in es ta b l i s h m e n t s provid ing L i f e i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s A c c i d e n t a l d e a t h a nd d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s S i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e o r s i c k l e a v e o r b o t h S i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s S i c k l e a v e f ul l p a y no w a i t i n g p e r i o d Sick lea ve p a r tia l p a y or waiting p e r i o d H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s M a j o r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s R e t i r e m e n t p l a n s P e n s i o n s N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s S e v e r a n c e p a y N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s i n c l u d e o n l y t ho se p l a n s f i n a n c e d e n t i r e l y b y the e m p l o y e r L e g a l l y r e q u i r e d p l a n s s u c h a s w o r k m e n s c o m p e n s a t i o n and s o c i a l s e c u r i t y a r e e x cl u de d h o w e v e r p l a ns r e q u i r e d b y S ta t e t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e l a w s a r e i n c l u de d if t he e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t e s m o r e t ha n i s l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d o r the e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e b e n e f i t s i n e x c e s s of l e g a l r e q u i r e m e n t s 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s i n a d d i t i o n to t h o s e sh o wn s e p a r a t e l y 3 U n d u p l i c a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e or s i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e sh o wn s e p a r a t e l y 4 U n d u p l i c a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y p e n s i o n s or r e t i r e m e n t s e v e r a n c e p a y s h o wn s e p a r a t e l y 5 L e s s t h a n 0 5 p e r c e n t T a b le 2 8 P re s s e d or blow n glass and g la s s w a re e x c e p t containers O th e r s e le c te d benefits P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g f u n e r a l l e a v e p a y j u r y d ut y p a y and t e c h n o l o g i c a l s e v e r a n c e p a y U ni t e d S t a t e s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s M a y 1970 U ni t e d St ates 1 2 I t em 1 Middle Atla nt ic Border States Great Lake s Pr od u c ti on w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h p r o v i s i o n s for F u n e r a l l e a v e p a y T n r w r l n t y p a y TorVipnlnrYi pq 1 pa v O ff ic e w o r k e r s W o r k e r s i n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i th p r o v i s i o n s for Tnr r rhify p a y T e c h n o l o g i c a l s e v e r a n c e p a y F o r d e f i n i t i o n of b e n e f i t s s e e a p pe n di x A I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s in a d d it io n to t ho se sh o wn s e p a r a t e l y Appendix A Scope and Method of Survey prepared by the U S Office of Management and Budget Separate auxiliary units such as central offices were excluded Establish ments selected for study were drawn from units employing 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists The number of establishments and workers studied by the Bureau as well as the number estimated to be within the scope of the survey during the payroll period studied are shown in table A 1 Scope of survey The survey included establishments p rim ar ily engaged in manufacturing glass containers for com m ercial bottling and packing and for home canning as well as those p rim arily engaged in manufacturing other glass and glassware pressed blown or shaped from glass produced in the same establishment industries 3221 and 3229 except textile glass fibers as defined in the 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual as Table A l Estimated number of establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied pressed or blown glass and glassware industries 1 May 1970 Number of establishments 3 Industry and region2 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Actually studied Production workers Office workers Total Within scope of study Actually studied A ll establishments United States Middle A tla n tic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes P a cific Glass container establishments United States Middle A tla n tic Border States Southeast Southw est Great Lakes P a cific Other pressed or blown glass and glassware establishments United States Middle A tla n tic Border States Great Lakes T otal4 Establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of textile glass fibers were excluded 2 The regions used in this study include Middle A tlantic New Jersey New York and Pennsylvania Border States Delaware District of Columbia Kentucky Maryland Virginia and West Virginia Southeast Alabama Florida Georgia Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina and Tennessee Southwest Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma and Texas Great Lakes Illinois Indiana Michigan Minnesota Ohio and Wisconsin and P acific California Nevada Oregon and Washington 3 Includes only establishments with 20 workers or more at the tim e of reference of the universe data 4 Includes executive professional and other workers excluded from the separate production and office worker categories Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study was studied In combining the data however all establishments were given their appropriate weight All estimates are presented th ere fore as relating to all establishments in the industry excluding only those below the m ini mum size at the time of reference of the universe data Method of study Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau s field staff The survey was conducted on a sample basis To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost a greater propor tion of large rather than small establishments 33 by weighting each rate or hourly earnings by the number of workers receiving the rate totaling and dividing by the number of individ uals The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing their straight tim e salary by normal rather than actual hours The median designates position that is onehalf of the employees surveyed receive more than this rate and one half receive less The middle range is defined by two rates of pay one fourth of the employees earned less than the lower of these rates and one fourth earned more than the higher rate Establishment definition An establishment for purposes of this study is defined as a single physical location where industrial operations are perform ed An e s tablishment is not necessarily identical with the company which may consist of one or more establishments Employment Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey The advance planning necessary to make a wage survey requires the use of the lists of establishments assembled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied Size of community Tabulations by size of community pertain to metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas The term m etropolitan area as used in this bul letin refers to the Standard Metropolitan Sta tistical Areas as defined by the U S Office of Management and Budget through January 1968 Except in New England a Standard M etro politan Statistical A rea is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 50 000 inhabitants or m ore Counties contiguous to the one containing such a city are included in the Standard M etropolitan Statistical Area if according to certain c r i teria they are essentially metropolitan in character and are socially and econom ically integrated with the central city In New Eng land the city and town are adm inistratively more important than the county and they are the units used in defining Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas for that region Production and office workers The term production w o rk e rs as used in this bulletin includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in nonoffice functions Adm inistrative executive p rofes sional and technical personnel and forceaccount construction employees who were utilized as a separate work force on the firm s own properties were excluded The term o ffic e w o rk e rs includes all nonsupervisory office workers and excludes administrative executive professional and technical employees Occupations selected for study Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment and in ter area variations in duties within the same job See appendix B for these descriptions The occupations were chosen for their numerical importance their usefulness in collective b ar gaining or their representativeness of the entire job scale in the industries Working supervisors apprentices learners beginners trainees and handicapped part tim e tempo rary and probationary workers were not r e ported in the data for selected occupations but were included in the data for all production w ork ers Method of wage payment Tabulations by method of wage payment r e late to the number of workers paid under the various time and incentive wage systems Form al rate structures for time rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories In the absence of a form al rate structure pay rates are d eter mined p rim arily by the qualifications of the individual worker A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job c la s s ifi cation Learners apprentices or probationary workers may be paid according to rate sched ules which start below the single rate and perm it the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time Individual e x p e ri enced workers occasionally may be paid above or below the single rate for special reasons but such payments are regarded as exceptions Range of rate plans are those in which the minimum or maximum rates paid experienced workers for the same job are specified Spe cific rates of individual workers within the range may be determined by m erit length of service or a combination of various concepts of m erit and length of service Incentive workers are classified under piecework or bonus plans Piecew ork is work for which a Wage data Information on wages relates to straighttime hourly earnings excluding premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends holi days and late shifts Incentive payments such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus systems and cost of livin g bonuses were included as part of the worker s regular pay but nonproduction bonus payments such as Christmas or yearend bonuses were excluded Average mean hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or other group of workers such as production workers were calculated 34 predetermined rate is paid for each unit of output Production bonuses are based on pro duction over a quota or for completion of a task in less than standard time Scheduled weekly hours Data on weekly hours refer to the predom inant work schedule for full tim e production or office workers employed on the day shift regardless of sex Shift provisions and practices Shift provisions relate to the policies of establishments either currently operating late shifts or having form al provisions coveting late sh ift work Practices relate to workers employed on late shifts at the time of the survey Supplementary wage provisions Supplementary benefits were treated statis tically on the basis that if form al provisions were applicable to half or m ore of the pro duction workers or office workers in an establishment the benefits were considered applicable to all such workers Sim ilarly if few er than half of the workers were covered the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment Because of len gth of service and other eligib ility requirements the propor tion of workers receiving the benefits may be sm aller than estimated Paid holidays Paid holiday provisions r e late to full day and half day holidays provided annually Paid vacations The summaries of vacation plans are lim ited to form al arrangements excluding inform al plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer or supervisor Payments not on a time basis were converted fo r example a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week s pay The periods of service fo r which data are presented represent the most common prac tices but they do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for pro gression F or example the changes in pro portions indicated at 10 years of service may include changes which occurred between 5 and 10 years Health insurance and retirem ent plans Data are presented for health insurance pen sion and retirem ent severance plans fo r which all or part of the cost is borne by the em ployer excluding only programs required by law such as workmen s compensation and social secu rity Among the plans included are those underwritten by a com m ercial insurance com pany and those paid d irectly by the employer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose 35 Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance Sickness and accident insur ance is lim ited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made d irectly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes at least a part of the cost However in New York and New Jersey where tem porary disability insurance laws require em ployer contributions 1 plans are included only if the employer 1 contri butes m ore than is lega lly required or 2 pro vides the employees with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are lim ited to form al plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the w orker s pay during absence from work because of illness informal arrangements have been omitted Separate tabulations are provided according to 1 plans which provide full pay and no waiting period and 2 plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctor s fees These plans may be u n d e r w r i t t e n by a com m ercial insurance company or a non profit organization or they may be a form of self insurance Major m edical insurance sometimes r e ferred to as e x t e n d e d m edical insurance includes the plans designed to cover em ployees for sickness or injury involving an expense which exceeds the normal coverage of hospitalization medical and surgical plans T a b u l a t i o n s of retirem ent pensions are lim ited to plans which provide regular pay ments for the remainder of the re tire e s life Data are presented separately for retirem ent severance pay one payment or several over a specified period of time made to employees on retirem ent Establishments providing both retirem ent severance payments and retirem ent pensions to employees were considered as having both retirem ent pension and retirem ent severance plans Establishments having op tional plans providing employees a choice of either retirem ent severance pay or pensions were considered as having only retirem ent pension benefits Paid funeral and jury duty leave Data for paid funeral and jury duty leave relate to fo r mal provisions for at least partial payment for time lost as a result of attending funerals of specified fam ily members or serving as a juror Technological severance pay Data relate to form al plans providing for payment to em ployees permanently separated from em ploy ment because of a technological change or plant closing 1 The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions Appendix B Occupational D escriptions The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau1 wage s surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations w orkers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area This perm its the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea com parability of occupational content the Bureau s job de scriptions may d iffer significantly from those in use in individual establish ments or those prepared for other purposes In applying these job d escrip tions the Bureau s field staff is instructed to exclude working supervisors apprentices learn ers beginners trainees and handicapped part tim e tem porary and probationary workers Plant Occupations ASSEMBLER CARTONS C A R R Y IN BOY OR G IR L Assem bles c a r t o n s from prepared box blanks Work involves folding the box blanks along scored lines and fastening the edges to gether by one or m ore of the following meth ods Coating flaps with glue and pressing them together interlocking the corners by means of tabs sealing edges with strips of gummed tape or stapling edges together by means of power stitching machines or hand staplers BATC H A N D FU R N A C E MAN C arries heated form ed glass articles by tongs or on a pronged fork to the lehr r e heating oven and places them on the conveyor moving through the lehr C U LLE T HANDLER Works as a m em ber of a crew that tends a machine to wash and crush refuse glass C U TTER DECORATIVE Cuts monograms or ornamental designs on glassware with an abrasive wheel Work in volves the following Selecting and mounting proper abrasive wheel on lathe moistening revolving wheel with a wet abrasive agent and holding glassware against edge of wheel turning and twisting article so that design or pattern w ill be properly cut in the article May cut d e s i g n s deeper on ware having pressed designs In addition may trace or mark pattern on the glassware before doing the cutting Controls automatic equipment to weigh mix and m elt ingredients to make glass Work in volves the following Adjusts panel controls to transfer specified amounts of ingredients from storage bins to automatic weigh hopper and batch m ixer pulls le v e r to dump blended mix into furnace reverses gas fire to equalize heat in furnace regulates temperature ac cording to specifications May collect samples of molten glass fo r analysis BATCH MIXER DECORATING MACHINE O PERATO R Blends or mixes various glass making in gredients in controlled amounts according to formula by hand or machine Work involves the follow ing Weighing out specified amounts of ingredients such as sand soda lim e borax feldspar and coloring and mixing them either by hand or machine In addition may load ingredients into mixing machine BLOWER Silk screen decorator squeegee operator Glass blow er Blows or inflates ball of molten glass gathered on the end of a blowpipe into desired shape and size either with or without the aid of a metal mold In addition may dip end of blowpipe into molten glass to gather the proper amount for the article to be made 36 stencil applicator Decorates glassware by a silk screening or stain less steel screening process Work in volves most of the follow ing F illin g recep tacle with paint placing glassware in machine bringing silk or stainless steel screen into position with ware setting guide ro llers or squeegee in operation to f o r c e the paint through the screen to decorate the glassware with the desired design removing ware from machine inspecting for defects in decoration and placing ware on conveyors fo r baking oven Operators of decorating machines de signed to p erform one or m ore of the above operations automatically are to be included Pressing the glass against revolving abrasive wheels and moving or turning the glass from one position to another to grind all surfaces evenly E LEC TR IC IAN M AINTENANCE P erform s a variety of electrical trade func tions such as the installation maintenance or repair of equipment for the generating d is tri bution or utilization of electric energy in an establishment Work involves most of the fo llowing Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators tran sform ers switchboards controllers c ir cuit breakers m otors heating units conduit systems or other transm ission equipment working from blueprints drawings layout or other specifications locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrica l system or equipment working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrica l equip ment using a variety of electrician s handtools and measuring and testing instruments In general the work of the maintenance e le c tri cian requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience H E LPE R TRADES M AINTENANCE Assists one or m ore w orkers in the skilled maintenance trades by perform ing specific or general duties of le s s e r skill such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools cleaning working area machine and equip ment assisting w orker by holding m aterials or tools perform ing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeymen The kind of work the helper is perm itted to p erform varies from trade to trade In some trades the helper is confined to supplying lifting and holding m a teria ls and tools and cleaning working areas and in others he is perm itted to p erform spe cialized machine operations or parts of a trade that are also perform ed by workers on a fu ll tim e basis INSPECTOR F IN A L FORMING MACHINE O PERATO R P erform s final inspection on glasswares examining for defects in the ware and any decoration t h e r e o n May wrap and pack Tends the operation of an automatic machine that forms bottles or other containers from molten glass Work involves the following Regulating flow of molten glass to molds on machine regulating and setting lubrication valves to prevent the glass from sticking to the molds and occasionally checking com pleted article by weighing it on scales or measuring it with gauges or calipers In ad dition may make minor adjustments to the machine JANITOR Sweeper charwoman jan itress Cleans and keeps in an ord erly condition factory working areas and washrooms or prem ises of an office building Duties involve a combination of the following Sweeping mopping or scrubbing and polishing floors r e m o v i n g chips trash and other refuse dusting equipment furniture or fixtures p ol ishing metal fixtures or trim m ings providing supplies and minor maintenance services cleaning lavatories showers and restroom s W orkers who specialize in window washing are excluded FORMING MACHINE U P K E E P MAN Adjusts and repairs the automatic feeding flowing and forming machines used to manu facture glasswares Assists in setting up and adjusting the machinery for job changes GATHERER B LO W PIPE LABORER M A T E R IA L HANDLING Gathers desired amount of molten glass on end of a blowpipe Work involves the follo w ing Dipping end of blowpipe into molten glass and carrying ball of molten glass on end of blowpipe to the blower In addition may blow into pipe to begin inflation of glass before handing pipe to blower for completion of process Loader and unloader handler and stacker shelver trucker stockman or stock helper warehouseman or warehouse helper Gathers desired amount of molten glass on end of an iron rod Work involves the follo w ing Dipping end of iron rod into molten glass and carrying ball of molten glass on end of rod to the presser A w orker employed in a warehouse manu facturing plant store or other establishment whose duties involve one or m ore of the fo l lowing Loading and unloading various m a teria ls and merchandise on or from freight cars trucks or other transporting devices unpacking shelving or placing m aterials or merchandise in proper storage location trans porting m aterials or merchandise by hand truck car or wheelbarrow Longshoremen who load and u n l o a d ships are excluded GRINDER GLASSWARE LEHR TENDER Grinds or smoothes the edges rim s ridges rough surfaces etc of glassware on an ab rasive wheel Work involves the following Regulates temperature of a reheating oven lehr used to anneal or fire g la z e glass or glass articles May arrange glass articles GATHERER PRESSED WARE PU N TY 37 MOLD PRESS OPERATO R according to size and shape on lehr conveyor so that maximum quantity w ill be carried in oven or worker may place glass in oven by means of a long paddle Press m achine operator Tends a m old press machine that automati cally casts glassware from molten glass Work involves most of the following Turning valves to c o n t r o l mold temperatures and timing of plunger turntable Adjusting flow valve and shear tim er to regulate quantity of molten glass d elivered from feeder to mold setting lubrication valves to prevent glass from sticking to molds examining glassware for defects such as lines and bubbles MACHINIST M AINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of m etal parts of mechani cal equipment operated in an establishment Work involves most of the follow ing Inter preting written instructions and specifications planning and laying out of work using a v a riety of m ach in ists handtools and precision measuring instruments setting up and oper ating standard machine tools shaping of metal parts to close tolerances making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work tooling feeds and speeds of machining knowledge of the working properties of the common metals selecting standard m aterials parts and equipment required for his work fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment In general the m ach in ists work norm ally r e q u i r e s a rounded training in machine shop p r a c t i c e usually a c q u i r e d through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience P IP E F IT T E R M AINTENANCE Installs or repairs water steam gas or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an e s tablishment Work involves most of the fo l lowing Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and ham m er or oxy acetylene torch or pipe cutting m a chine threading pipe with stocks and dies bending pipe by hand driven or pow er driven machines assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers making standard shop computations relating to pressures flow and size of pipe required making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes m eet specifications In general the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience W orkers p rim arily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded M ECHANIC M AINTE NANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment Work involves most of the follow ing Examining machines aijd m e chanical equipment to d i a g n o s e source of trouble dismantling or partly dismantling m a chines and perform ing repairs that mainly in volve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock ordering the production of a replacement part by a m a chine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop fo r m ajor repairs preparing written specifications for m ajor repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop reassem bling machines and making all necessary adjustments for operation In gen eral the work of a maintenance mechanic r e quires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience Excluded from this classification are workers whose prim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines PRESSER GLASSWARE HAND Molds p resses molten glass into specified shape Work involves the following Shearing off desired amount of molten glass from iron rod gathering iron held by gatherer over mold and allowing it to drop in mold p osi tioning mold under plunger of press and fo r c ing a metal plunger into the mold causing the glass to fill the space between the plunger and the mold In addition may when glass has cooled open the mold rem ove article and send it to lehr for annealing or to other workers for further processing SELECTOR Selector and packer M OLDMAKER M E T A L Examines glassware visually and with sim ple gauges for defects such as bubbles or seeds in ware scratches on surface ware out of shape and bad finish as the ware is received from the annealing ovens Selects accepted ware and packs in cartons or puts in trays fo r transfer to other workers for fu rthur processing May keep records of rejected glass Constructs and or repairs metal molds Work involves most of the following Laying out and marking metal blanks or castings ac cording to blueprints or drawings using handtools and various metalworking machines to cut and shape the parts to dimensions and specifications outlined and fitting and assem bling parts together to form complete mold 38 port goods and m aterials of all kinds about a warehouse manufacturing plant or other establi shment F o r wage study purposes workers are cla s sified by type of truck as follows TANKM AN Furnace operator teaser Feeds raw m aterials to the glass m elting tank R everses the gas fire at stated intervals from one side of the gas and air regenerative chambers to the other side to equalize heat in tank Regulates draft dampers which control pressure on inside of melting tank and regu lates pressure of gas fed to tank Trucker power fo rk lift Trucker power other than fork lift W ARM ING IN BOY Reheats glassware in a furnace for further processing Work involves the follow ing In serting glassware attached to blowpipe or held by long handled pincers snaps into furnace glory hole until it has softened and rem ov ing and passing heated glassware to another w orker TRANSFER MAN F lo o r boys Removes glassware from rotating stations of a glass form ing machine with the aid of hand tongs and places ware on conveyors or sta tions of other machines for further form ing W ATCHM AN TRUCKER POWER Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property against fire theft and illeg a l entry Operates a manually controlled gasolineor electric p ow ered truck or tractor to tran s Office Occupations CLERK GENERAL type or sim ilar machine and transcribe dicta tion May also type from written copy May maintain file s keep simple records or p e r form other relatively routine c le ric a l tasks May operate from a stenographic pool Does not include transcribing m achine work Is typically required to perform a variety of office operations usually because of im prac ticability of specialization in a small office or because versa tility is essential in meeting peak requirements in la rg e r offices The work generally involves the use of independent judg ment in tending to a pattern of office work from day to day as w ell as knowledge relating to phases of office work that occur only occa sionally F o r example the range of operations perform ed may entail all or some combination of the following Answering correspondence preparing bills and invoices posting to v a rious records preparing payrolls filin g etc May operate various office machines and type as the work requires T Y P IS T Uses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out b ills after calcula tions have been made by another person May include typing of stencils mats or sim ilar m aterials for use in duplicating processes May do c leric a l work involving little special training such as keeping simple records filin g records and reports or sorting and distributing incoming m ail Class A P erform s one or m ore of the fo l lowing Typing m aterial in final form when it involves combining m aterial from several sources or responsibility for correct spell ing syllabication punctuation etc of tech nical or unusual words or foreign language m aterial and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uni form ity and balance in spacing May type routine form letters varying details to suit ci r cum st anc e s CLERK P A Y R O L L Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets Duties involve Calculating workers earnings based on tim e or production records posting calculated data on payroll sheet show ing information such as worker s name w ork ing days tim e rate deductions fo r insurance and total wages due May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and d is tributing pay envelopes May use a calculating machine Class B P erfo rm s one or m ore of the fo l lowing Copy typing from rough or clear drafts routine typing of form s insurance policies etc and setting up simple standard tabulations or copying m ore complex tables already set up and spaced properly STENOGRAPHER G ENERAL P rim a ry duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from one or m ore persons either in shorthand or by Steno 39 In d u stry W a g e S t u d i e s The m o s t re c e n t r e p o r ts fo r in d u s trie s included in the Bureau s p ro g r a m o f in d u stry w age s u rv e y s sin ce Jan u ary 1950 a re lis te d b e lo w T h o s e fo r w hich a p r ic e is shown a r e a v a ila b le fr o m the Sup erin ten d en t o f D ocu m en ts U S G o v e r n m ent P r in tin g O ffic e W ashington D C I o r any o f its r e g io n a l s a le s o ffic e s T h o se fo r w h ich a p r ic e is not shown m a y be obtained f r e e as lon g as a supply is a v a ila b le fr o m the B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s W ash ington D C o r fr o m any o f the r e g io n a l o ffic e s shown on the in s id e b a ck c o v e r O ccu p ation al W a ge Studies M an u factu rin g P r ic e B a s ic Iro n and S teel 1967 B L S B u lle tin Candy and O th er C o n fe c tio n e ry P ro d u c ts 1965 B L S B u lle tin Canning and F r e e z in g 1957 B L S R e p o rt F r e e C ig a r M an u factu rin g 1967 B L S B u lle tin C ig a r e tte M an u factu rin g 1965 B L S B u lle tin C otton and M a n M a d e F ib e r T e x t ile s 1968 B L S B u lle tin D is tille d L iq u o rs 1952 S e r ie s 2 N o F r e e F a b ric a te d S tru ctu ra l S teel 1964 B L S B u lle tin F e r t i l i z e r M an u factu rin g 1966 B L S B u lle tin F lo u r and O th er G ra in M ill P ro d u c ts 1967 B L S B u lle tin F lu id M ilk In d u stry 1964 B L S B u lle tin F o o tw e a r 1968 B L S B u lle tin H o s ie r y 1967 B L S B u lle tin In d u s tria l C h e m ic a ls 1965 B L S B u lle tin Iro n and S teel F o u n d rie s 1967 B L S B u lle tin L e a th e r Tann ing and F in is h in g 1968 B L S B u lle tin M a c h in e ry M an u factu rin g 1968 B L S B u lle tin M e a t P ro d u c ts 1969 B L S B u lle tin Men s and B o y s 1 S h irts E x c e p t W o rk S h irts and N ig h tw e a r 1968 B L S B u lle tin M e n s and B oys Suits and C oats 1967 B L S B u lle tin M is c e lla n e o u s P la s t ic s P ro d u c ts 1969 B L S B u lle tin M is c e lla n e o u s T e x t ile s 1953 B L S R e p o r t M o to r V e h ic le s and P a r ts 1969 B L S B u lle tin F ree 7 5 N o n fe rro u s F o u n d rie s 1965 B L S B u lle tin P a in ts and V a rn is h e s 1965 B L S B u lle tin P a p e rb o a rd C o n ta in e rs and B o x e s 1964 B L S B u lle tin P e tr o le u m R e fin in g 1965 B L S B u lle tin P r e s s e d o r B low n G la ss and G la s s w a re 1964 B L S B u lle tin P r o c e s s e d W a ste 1957 B L S R e p o rt Pu lp P a p e r and P a p e rb o a rd M ills 1967 B L S B u lle tin R ad io T e le v is io n and R e la te d P ro d u c ts 1951 S e r ie s 2 N o R a ilr o a d C a rs 1952 S e r ie s 2 N o R a w Sugar 1957 B L S R e p o r t F ree 60 F ree F ree F ree Studies o f the e ffe c t s o f the 1 m in im u m w age I O ccu pation al W age Studies Continued M an u factu rin g C o nt i nue d P r ic e Southern S a w m ills and P la n in g M ills 1969 B L S B u lle tin S tru ctu ra l C la y P ro d u c ts 1969 B L S B u lle tin Synthetic F ib e r s 1966 B L S B u lle tin Synthetic T e x t ile s 1965 B L S B u lle tin T e x t ile D y ein g and F in is h in g BL B u lle tin T o b a c c o S tem m in g and R e d ry in g 1957 B L S R e p o r t 13 6 F ree W est C o a s t S a w m illin g 1964 B L S B u lle tin W o m en 1s and M is s e s 1 C oats and Suits 1965 B L S B u lle tin W o m en s and M is s e s D r e s s e s 1968 B L S B u lle tin W ood H ou sehold F u rn itu re E x c e p t U p h o ls te re d 1968 B L S B u lle tin W ooden C o n ta in e rs 1957 B L S R e p o rt F r e e W o o l T e x t ile s 1966 B L S B u lle tin W o rk C loth in g 1968 B L S B u lle tin N on m an u factu rin g Auto D e a le r R e p a ir Shops 1964 B L S B u lle tin Banking 1964 B L S B u lle tin B itu m in ou s C o a l M in in g 1967 B L S B u lle tin C om m u n ication s 1969 B L S B u lle tin C o n tra c t C lea n in g S e r v ic e s 1968 B L S B u lle tin C rude P e tr o le u m and N a tu ra l Gas P ro d u c tio n 1967 B L S B u lle tin D e p a rtm e n t and W o m en s R e a d y t o W e a r S to res 1950 S e r ie s 2 N o F r e e E atin g and D rin k in g P la c e s B L S B u lle tin E d u cation al In stitu tio n s N on teach in g E m p lo y e e s B L S B u lle tin E le c t r ic and Gas U tilit ie s 1967 B L S B u lle tin H o s p ita ls 1969 B L S B u lle tin H o tels and M o te ls B L S B u lle tin L a u n d ry and C lea n in g S e r v ic e s B L S B u lle tin L if e In su ran ce 1966 B L S B u lle tin M otio n P ic tu r e T h e a te r s 1966 B L S B u lle tin N u rsin g H om es and R e la te d F a c ilit ie s B L S B u lle tin II O ther In d u stry W age Studies F a c to r y W o r k e r s 1 E a rn in g s D is trib u tio n by S t r a ig h t T im e H o u rly E a rn in g s 1958 B L S B u lle tin F a c t o r y W o rk e rs E a rn in g s S elected M an u factu rin g In d u s tries 1959 B L S B u lle tin E m p lo y e e E a rn in g s and H ou rs in N o n m e tro p o lita n A r e a s o f the South and N o rth C e n tra l R e g io n s 1965 B L S B u lle tin E m p lo y e e E a rn in g s and H ou rs in E igh t M e tro p o lita n A r e a s o f the South 1965 B L S B u lle tin E m p lo y e e E a rn in g s and H ou rs in R e ta il T ra d e June 1966 R e t a il T ra d e O v e r a ll S u m m ary B L S B u lle tin B u ild in g M a te r ia ls H a rd w a re and F a r m E qu ip m en t D e a le r s B L S B u lle tin G e n e ra l M e rc h a n d is e S to re s B L S B u lle tin F o o d S to re s B L S B u lle tin A u to m o tiv e D e a le r s and G asolin e S e r v ic e S tation s B L S B u lle tin A p p a r e l and A c c e s s o r y S to re s B L S B u lle tin F u rn itu re H om e F u rn is h in g s and H ou seh old A p p lia n c e S to re s B L S B u lle tin M is c e lla n e o u s R e ta il S to re s B L S B u lle tin Studies o f the e ffe c ts o f the 1 m in im u m w a ge U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING O F FIC E 1971 O BUREAU OF LABOR STA TISTIC S RE G IO N A L O F F I C E S Region I 1603 A Federal Building Government Center Boston Mass 02203 Phone Area Code 617 Region V 219 South Dearborn St Chicago III 60604 Phone Area Code 312 Region II 341 Ninth Ave Rm 1025 New York N Y 10001 Phone Area Code 212 Region VI 1100 Commerce St Rm 6B7 Dallas Tex 75202 Phone Area Code 214 Region III 406 Penn Square Building 1317 Filbert St Philadelphia Pa 19107 Phone Area Code 215 Regions VII and V III Federal Office Building 911 Walnut St 10th Floor Kansas City Mo 64106 Phone Area Code 816 Region IV Suite Peachtree St NE Atlanta Ga 30309 Phone Area Code 404 Regions IX and X 450 Golden Gate Ave Box 36017 San Francisco Calif 94102 Phone Area Code 415 Regions VII and VMM Regions IX and X will be serviced by Kansas City serviced by San Francisco U S DEPARTMENT OF LABOR B U R E A U OF LA B O R S T A T IS T IC S WASHINGTON D C 20212 POSTAGE AND PEES PAID U S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R I O F F IC IA L B U SIN E SS PE N A LTY FOR P R IV A TE USE 300 THIRD CLASS MAIL l\nUnited States. Bureau of Labor Statistics.\t"Industry Wage Survey: Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, May 1970 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 1713," Industry Wage Survey: Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware (1971). https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/4626/item/498773, accessed on November 13, 2019.