Here's an excerpt of Time Out Joint from the blog called The Truth About Lies which contains a good review of the book as a launching point for an essay about Dick: Central problem in philosophy.
Relation of word to object . . .
what is a word?
Arbitrary sign.
But we live in words.
Our reality, among words not things.
No such thing as a thing anyhow; a gestalt in the mind.
Thingness . . .
sense of substance.
An illusion.
Word is more real than the object it represents.
It seems that once again Dick is asking us to question the nature of reality - all reality, not just the Truman Burbanks'
Sea Haven-like little town Raggle lives in.
Nor the wider world with its own particular problems And later in the story Raggle in conspiracy with his brother-in-law... shows his slips to him:
"What's this?"
Vic said.
"Reality," Ragle said.
"I give you the real."
Vic took one of the slips of paper out and read it. "
This says 'drinking fountain,'" he said.
"What's it mean?"
"Under everything else," Ragle said.
"The word.
Maybe it's the word of God.
The logos. '
In the beginning was the Word.'
I can't figure it out.
All I know is what I see and what happens to me
And maybe the point is that that is all we can ever really know.
scifi.stackexchange.com/users/4132/Strangeland
Your question gave me an excuse to reread the book - not that I needed much of an excuse as I love (most of)
Philip K. Dick's books.
Anyhow, I can't see the logic behind the paper slips.
They don't seem to fit the story at all.
I wonder if Dick originally intended the town to be partly a hallucination imposed on Gumm, and then changed his mind halfway through the book.
As far as I can tell, the town is completely real.
scifi.stackexchange.com/users/4144/John Rennie
PKD's strong suit is the surreal collapse of ordinary life.
He wrote an essay about it called "How to Build a Universe That Doesn't Fall Apart Two Days Later" .
He gets into this a deeper in the Exegesis and there isn't a singular "right" answer.
In one way he is lampooning the mid-century obsession with neat little labels for everything, especially when the real world is becoming more and more disjointed and complex.
In another way it visualizes the defensive mechanism that protects Gumm from total collapse.
As long as he has familiar labels, his world is understandable and he is safe.
Elsehwere, he mentions a drug that causes people who read certain words to hallucinate that the objects they describe really exist.
This comes up in several of his novels (divine invasion, 3 stigmata, maze of death).
He is always ambivalent about whether this would be a good thing or a bad thing.
and the town isn't real.
It was specifically created to keep Gumm sane so he could protect humanity
scifi.stackexchange.com/users/4241/SteveED
The words/phrases on slips of paper could be interpreted as either - 1) Commenting on the relationship between the word and the physical object (or perhaps between Platonic ideal forms and physical represenations of the forms), and so the uncertainty regarding any physical reality. or 2)
As evidence that the 2nd layer of reality in the novel (the 'real world' rather than 1950's construct) is also unreal.
Is the world in which the earth is at war with the moon another construct to avoid facing a worse reality?
Personally I prefer the idea of the 2nd interpretation, but suspect that PKD with his interest in religious themes (eg reality as the manifestation of a divine word) might have intended the first.
I'm sure there are other interpretations valid on the basis of the available evidence, and PKD may have intended there to be more than one.
Best wishes, Malcolm
scifi.stackexchange.com/users/12229/Malcolm
I agree with Malcolm above.
These paper slips are related to two things, which I'd say are: 1/ "
Ding an sich" (mentioned in the book)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ding_an_sich 2/ the fake town, as with the bus passengers who are actually puppets.
scifi.stackexchange.com/users/26723/Smurk
At a couple of points in this Philip K. Dick novel the main character experiences physical objects disappearing to be replaced by slips of paper.  He maintains a collection of these slips.  I cannot recall any explanation for this phenomenon and while I recognize that Dick did not place much emphasis on logical or rational explanations it seemed like such a bizarre concept that really added to the unreal nature of his environment.  Can anyone provide me with some in-story justification for this that I simply overlooked?
In "Time Out Of Joint" what's with objects turning into slips of paper?
scifi.stackexchange.com
<philip-k-dick>
scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/8976
scifi.stackexchange.com/users/4132/Strangeland
There does not seem to be any logic behind the paper slips. However, PKD's strong suit is the surreal collapse of ordinary life. There does not seem to be a difinitive answer for this question. PKD's strong suit is the surreal collapse of ordinary life. This pretty much means he put the scenario in there for no apparent reason other than to mess with the world. There is no logic behind it.
PKD's strong suit is the surreal collapse of ordinary life meaning he could just put it in his book for no reason at all.