On the tax side, the total tax-to-GDP ratio stands above the OECD average (37% and 35%, respectively, in 2008) while the progressivity of household taxes is close to the OECD average. However, the progressivity of the personal income tax and social security contributions is steeper at the lower end than at the upper end of the income distribution. Total cash transfers to households, at almost 16% of GDP in 2007, are higher than in most OECD countries.