Increasing the innovation capacities of peripheral, less developed regions is also expected to strengthen their economic resilience and reduce their dependence on transfers from the central government. The latter include policies to ensure equal access to high-quality education (from early childhood to tertiary level), to encourage attendance at school of children from disadvantaged backgrounds, to promote high educational attainment by all segments of society, and to reinforce STEM and entrepreneurship skills. These include measures to support women’s participation in the labour market, such as policies on maternity and paternity leave, activation programmes for the unemployed, which facilitate their transition to higher-productivity jobs, measures to integrate immigrants and minorities into the labour markets, and programmes to promote quality apprenticeships, internship programmes, and on-the-job training. Such programmes increase individuals’ opportunities to progressively adapt to changes in job requirements, particularly for those with lower levels of education.