In order to better track mainstreaming outcomes, it would be useful to have agri-environmental indicators that are common across countries including indicators that explicitly account for biodiversity. For example, the percentage of forest area under forest management plans varies considerably across the countries examined, ranging from about 10% in Brazil, to 40% in France and Peru, to 100% in India and Myanmar (FAO, 2015). Policy instruments that mainstream and internalise the external costs of biodiversity loss in forestry, so as to reconcile the objectives of forest biodiversity, and the development of forestry as a commercial productive sector are increasingly being adopted. These include community-based forestry, payments for ecosystem services and sustainable timber certification schemes.