A data point below (above) the 45 degree line indicates that the change in the educational composition of the workforce is associated with a fall (rise) in earnings inequality. The equality test is performed at the 5% level. Ceteris paribus (i.e. assuming in particular that the relative rates of return to education remain unchanged), the high shares of workers with tertiary education in countries such as Ireland and the United States imply a high 90/10 percentile ratio relative to other countries, while low tertiary education attainment in Portugal, Chile and Hungary implies the opposite. However, as discussed above, a change in the educational composition of the workforce may alter the relative returns to education.