Dynamic and complex social-ecological systems require strategies that build resilience rather than attempting to control for optimal production and shortterm gain in environments assumed to be relatively stable. The shift from people and nature as separated parts to interdependent social-ecological systems provides exciting opportunities for societal development in tune with the biosphere, a global sustainability agenda for humanity." It should also address issues of equity, including intergenerational equity. There is a need also to study the underlying values and attitudes, other than utilitarian values, related to biodiversity and ecosystem services.