Market participants in the telecommunications market that provide telecommunication networks and services have to contribute 2.2% of their gross revenues to the fund (see also OECD 2014a, forthcoming). Rates used to be higher before 2009. The funds need to be executed within a year which might not be the most efficient way of using resources. A multitude of different ICT programmes are funded by FONTIC which makes it challenging to identify the funding of every single initiative.