The resulting development strategy combined centralized infrastructure planning with infant industry protection and, in the process, introduced a whole range of new planning techniques (shadow pricing, linear programming, etc.) Also, its emphasis on consumer goods industries seemed to ignore the opportunities for economies of scale in the production of capital and intermediate goods and the potential of tapping into export markets (Fleming, 1955, Sheahan, 1958). In India, for example, several studies have noted that underinvestment in infrastructure required for manufacturing sector (Ghosh, 2012, Simon and Natarajan, 2017) has constrained private investment.