The difference between these two approaches is whether to examine STI-related development finance from a donor or recipient angle. The donor angle will include core funding to multilateral agencies (also referred to as “multilateral ODA”), while the recipient angle will include the outflows from multilateral agencies (see Figure 3.2). Bilateral ODA consists of ODA-eligible projects and programmes to countries and territories on the DAC List of ODA Recipients. This is illustrated in this figure as the provision of mobile broadband (left side) in which the signal goes directly from a radio tower to a smartphone.