Forest area in GMS countries decreased from more than 48 percent in 1990 to less than 46 percent in 2015. However, estimates on the extent of forest loss and change vary among countries. Overall in the study period, the GMS had a 5 percent decline in forest area, mainly due to forest loss of around 1.2 percent annually in Cambodia and Myanmar, but at the same time, Thailand and Viet Nam experienced forest gain due to forest plantation.