Furthermore, even though new policies are being put in place, fuel poverty is projected by the Hills Review to be higher in 2016 than in 2009, even assuming benign fuel price developments. Well designed policies to tackle fuel poverty, in addition to helping low-income households, would contribute to improving health and well-being through more adequate heating of some homes, and to reducing carbon emissions. This box concentrates on immediate fuel poverty relief and home energy efficiency improvements. In the longer term, promoting cost-effectiveness of energy generation, through competition and innovation is also decisive.