For example, if an individual’s income is exactly at the mean, the ratio is equal to one and therefore its log equal to zero implying that this individual does not contribute to inequality. The sum of the log ratios is weighted by each observation’s share of total income. For instance if one calculates a Theil measure of inequality for the world and then one for each continent, there will be a remaining part of inequality that is not explained by the differences in continents (betweenness) and thus attributed to the variation within continents. For example, the share of world GDP held by the G7 countries has steadily declined in favour of seven emerging economies, in particular China and India.