Table 1.1 summarizes the income concepts used. In four countries, the net market income Gini is lower than the market income Gini, indicating a reduction in inequality produced by direct taxes and social security contributions (see table 1.2). In the Plurinational State of Bolivia, there is no redistributive impact from direct taxes, which are, in reality, almost non-existent. No data are available for Argentina on this effect. The Gini reduction produced by direct taxes and social security contributions is between 1 and 3.3 percentage points. In Mexico and Peru, indirect taxes have a small redistributive effect.