Some of the attempts to address the issue appear promising and should be pursued further, such as the comprehensive youth programme ProJovem Integrado launched in 2008, which aims to reengage disadvantaged youth with the education system. Brazil has one of the highest proportion of students repeating a grade and significant numbers of students in a given grade are over-aged, which constitutes a waste of students’ time and system resources. Already in the first grade, repetition rates are 24.5% (United Nations, 2012).