This section provides a summary of the investment trends being exhibited by operators investing in fixed and wireless broadband networks and higher-layer services. The global telecommunication services market1 will be worth an estimated USD 1.79 trillion in 2019, up from an estimated USD 1.68 trillion in 2014 (Figure 1.2). Penetration rates are even lower for fixed broadband services, with a 0.4 per cent rate in Africa, 3 per cent in the Arab States and 7.7 per cent in the Asia and Pacific region2.