Building an innovative economy is based on a range of actions—including interactive learning, information exchange, timely availability of finance and other resources, and effective collaboration among the private sector, universities, research centres, policymakers and other actors—as well as improved governance. Countries should work to develop national strategies for STI comprising policy, regulatory and institutional frameworks that strengthen the enabling environment and enhance interactive learning, while also strategically allocating resources andproviding adequate infrastructure. At the same time, they should use a variety of tools to incentivize greater private investment.