Direct drivers that enable positive changes of forests in the GMS include human activities that directly promote and enhance SFM, forest conservation, afforestation and reforestation. Indirect drivers of positive changes are the underlying policies and enabling environments supporting them. Direct and indirect positive drivers are interlinked and thus it is challenging to separate them completely. They both interact to induce positive changes. For example, good policy environment (an indirect positive driver) may provide incentives for conservation and SFM activities (a direct positive driver), which may result in better forest management outcomes.