The estimates came with two caveats: a) the figures given were preliminary partial estimates of mobilised private climate finance, drawing on private co-financing data associated with public finance interventions as best-available evidence at the time of the analysis and b) direct co-financing does not necessarily equate to mobilisation and does not capture the indirect mobilisation effect of capacity building, budgetary support and domestic policies. In the lead up to this, an OECD DAC survey in 2015 collected data on the amounts mobilised from the private sector through three development finance instruments: guarantees, syndicated loans, and shares in common investment vehicles (Benn et al., The survey focused on development finance generally rather than on climate finance in isolation, but it found that over the course of three years (2012 to 2014), 18% of the finance mobilised through use of these instruments from the private sector was climate related i.e. around USD 2.2 billion.