In MEA and other initiatives the focus has often been on desertification in dry regions and areas in the tropics, far from the Nordic countries. Degraded land is however indeed also present in the Nordic region and concern have risen during the last decades as increased pressures on nature values and biodiversity have been documented in most ecosystems, although at different levels and intensities (Halldorsson et al. The dramatic example of erosion and land degradation, caused by overgrazing and deforestation on Icelandic volcanic soils is the most striking example in the Nordic (Figure 4.1).