While the entire clean economy value chain needs more capital, there is a particular dearth of funding in the first commercial project stage for new technologies because the financing is not appropriate for either of these traditional investments groups. It is an undesirable risk-return point. It is critical to get to lower-cost technologies because as the technologies become lower in cost there is less (or no) dependency on subsidies and more flexibility around financing options. Most new technologies will, at some stage, require both the ‘push’ of research, development and demonstration (RD&D) and the ‘puli’ of market deployment.