Such incentives are likely to be stronger, the higher are mandated savings and the weaker the confidence in the system. The general reading of this literature is that UI increases the duration of unemployment. First, most studies find a positive and significant elasticity of the duration of unemployment with respect to the level or the maximum duration of benefits. However, individual account systems have sometimes been criticised as they may lead to excessive turnover due to their tendency to create incentives to induce one’s own dismissal to gain access to one’s saving account.