The studies presented in Appendices 1 and 2 rely on these methods to illustrate welfare values associated with natural and cultural heritage. Applying such methods is not straightforward, but a description of these methods and potential biases are beyond the scope of this study. More details on valuation techniques can be found in e.g. Freeman etai(2014) and also in a previous report published by the Nordic Council of Ministers, Barton etai, 2011.