In the case of Al and machine learning, algorithms may be less important than access to data used to develop, train and execute those algorithms. Digital assets are also scalable at very low costs, which has led to highly productive and profitable industry leaders and increased market concentration. Growing productivity gaps between firms suggest that technology diffusion has decelerated within industries, which could also affect cross-border diffusion of technologies. How these relations will play out is uncertain, but enormously consequential in an increasingly digital age, and thus calls for a better understanding of digital technology diffusion and transfer.