Finger and Schuler (2000) estimated the implementation costs of just three areas (customs valuation, Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights [TRIPS] and sanitary/phytosanitary measures) would cost each developing country around US$150 million - a huge sum for many least-developed countries. Overall the agreement was not only unbalanced, it was unjust. For instance, access to lifesaving generic medicines was restricted, countries’ health budgets were hit badly and/or access to life-saving medicines was diminished, and newly flourishing generic drug companies in developing countries saw their prospects wane.