Annual alcohol consumption is estimated at 15.7 litres a year for men, more than 50% above the OECD average (10.4) (WHO Global Information System on Alcohol and Health), which may help to explain the high mortality from alcohol-related liver disease. While the prevalence of adult obesity is relatively low compared with many OECD countries, more than 30% of women in Kazakhstan are obese, compared with 16% of men (World Obesity, 2016), placing the rate among women on par with some of the most obese countries in the OECD. A large proportion of the gap in life expectancy is in fact explained by higher mortality among young Kazakhstanis aged 15 to 29 years, an age group in which overall death rates are more than three times higher than in the EU15.