Trebilcock and Rosenstock (2015), reviewing the benefits and drawbacks of PPPs for developing economies, find that relative to traditional procurement, PPPs are complex, they require governments to anticipate and plan for contingencies, and to monitor and enforce contracts over the long term. They argue that institutional capacity is a key determinant of PPP success. The price tag for carrying out PIDA between 2011 and 2040 is estimated at around USD 360 billion. This outlay is beyond the financing capacity of African governments or their donors. Attracting private sector financing is therefore essential for the realisation of the various infrastructure projects envisioned under the programme (NEPAD, 2016).