Biodiversity mainstreaming can focus on enabling environments at local, national or global levels. It can also focus on development policy, legislation, land-use planning, finance, taxation, economic incentives, international trade, capacity building, research and technology. In addition, it can focus on commodity chains and certification targeted at promoting conservation and sustainable use of major natural resources. Entry points interact and are located at different levels of governance (Figure 1.1). For example, including attention to biodiversity and ecosystem services within a national or sector development plan is a key step in the mainstreaming process but will not result in changed outcomes on the ground if there is no budget allocated to implement the plan. Similarly, doing so will be insufficient if subnational and sector-level activities are not co-ordinated and aligned with the national vision and strategy (Drutschinin et al.,