This chapter addresses the question of how that bill is divided between the public sector and individuals or firms. This is difficult, given rapidly changing skill demands. Forms of public-private collaboration, such as those inherent in technical and vocational training systems, are likely to be instrumental in ensuring that workers get the right skills for the job. This chapter considers what does and does not work, and what can be done differently thanks to new technologies. For customers to trust new technologies, quality, safety and security must be guaranteed.