This chapter re-reads the neoliberal reforms of the military dictatorship from a political economy perspective. It argues that the dictatorship sent the bases for the passive integration of Chile into the world economy that would consolidate during the nineties. This integration was the outcome of the consensus between the government and the new export capitalists. The economic expansion around exports was not only an outcome of market liberalization but also the result of a deep state involvement in promoting new sectors around natural resources since the sixties.