Depending on the field, the shift from one technology to another may take place in a continuous fashion (e.g. in data processing and storage), or as simultaneous bursts followed by relatively flat patenting activity, and then by later bursts as different technologies emerge (e.g. in chemistry and biotechnology, phone and wireless communication). Under its new Industrial Strategy, the United Kingdom granted USD 865 million PPP (GBP 600 million) in 2013 to its Eight Great Technologies, which cover the four areas of technology acceleration mentioned above.12 Hirkey has launched two mission-oriented programmes in the priority areas of its National STI Strategy 2011-16, including ICT, automotive, machinery and manufacturing, energy, and health. The United States has increased federal investment and interagency co-operation in neuroscience to improve health and learning. The USD 100 million Brain Initiative aims to advance knowledge of brain disorders, such Alzheimer’s disease.