The rise of the discipline of the law of nations is accompanied by a “moralizing” of the notion of cosmopolitanism. The works of Hugo Grotius, Samuel Pufendorf, and Emer de Vattel, labeled by Kant as the sorry comforters of international law, show a progressive positivism as the basis defining the relations between states and peoples. This trend of thought contributed significantly to the doom of a perspective of international relations concerned primarily with the inviolable rights of the individual understood as a citizen of the world. The contribution of Christian Wolff to the discipline is contemplated in this chapter as an ambiguous positioning between a legal cosmopolitanism and a realistic stance of colonizing intentions.