Many of these activities are conducted by corporate foundations or in form of corporate social responsibility actions. A final issue is that information on foreign direct investment (FDI) is not available at the sectoral level. The 2016 OECD-DAC Survey estimates that between 2012 and 2015, US$81 billion was mobilized from the private sector by official development finance interventions in the form of guarantees, syndicated loans, shares in collective investment vehicles (CIVs), credit lines and direct investment in companies.