This was not the result of political capture by powerful districts: in the example of South Africa, the allocation of projects was determined using presumably objective criteria, however, local authorities in richer communities had better means of, and more assistance in, preparing their applications. In practice, recruiting workers for programmes offering remuneration below the market wage has been challenging. In many cases, wages are raised during implementation of the programme through workers’ collective bargaining (Adato and Haddad, 2001, Subbarao, 2003).