This chapter focuses on the imposition of sanctions as a tool to regulate the behaviour of private individuals considered to be a threat to international peace and security. Its central aim is to critically examine the Council's emerging practice of adopting sanctions against private individuals. The shift of governance functions from States to international organizations and the rise of non-State actors as key players in the international system have presented the Security Council with significant challenges. The chapter focuses on the classic instrument of sanctions and its adaptation to target private individuals considered to be a threat to international peace and security. There are strong arguments to suggest that this principle also constrains the Council's powers to sanction private individuals. The UN Charter as well as general international law provides for various limits to the Council's enforcement powers.  Keywords:international law, international peace, international security, UN Charter