Households at the top of the income distribution get a large share of national income: the top 10% earns 26.5 times the average income of the bottom 10%, compared to an OECD average of 9.6 times. Similarly, wealth is concentrated at the top: while the bottom 40% holds only 1.65% of total income, the top 1% holds 21% (Lopez et al., Evidence shows that 73-91% of the upper class has Caucasian genes, while 68 -70% have this characteristic and only 40-45 % of the lowest class (Cruz-Coke and Moreno, 1994, Diaz Vidal, 2014). Therefore, the major indigenous populations in Chile are overrepresented in the lowest deciles of the income distribution. And although in the past they used to be a rural population in the south of Chile, today half of the indigenous population reside in Santiago (Diaz Vidal, 2014).