However, there are no reported data for the relevant Tier 1 indicators, preventing an overall assessment on this goal. In this regard, given the prevailing high levels of violence against women (see Goal 5), Commonwealth Pacific small states will also find it challenging to achieve Target 16.1. In addition, human trafficking (Target 16.2) is an emerging issue, with cases reported in Fiji, PNG, Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu (Lindley and Beacroft, 2011). On the other hand, percentile rankings have declined for the majority of the nine states on the rule of law, government effectiveness and regulatory quality (Figure 2.8).