Individuals and households may be more significant beneficiaries than nations from the expansion of such practices and policies. It will be important to evaluate contemporary developments in this area. However, policies that might substantially change the nature and impact of migration are implausible where economic growth is slight, public policy formation has proved difficult and employment conditions are unlikely ever to be comparable with those in developed countries. Neither country has been able to benefit from developing strategies to benefit economically and socially from diaspora populations.