The ES approach is based more on the preferences of the people affected by such landscape impacts, and their experienced welfare loss, rather than on the opinions of experts. This people-based approach is also well aligned with the intention behind the European Landscape Convention (see below). In this chapter, we first briefly recapitulate some of the key concepts and the categories of ESs that are the most closely associated with landscape changes from NCM (2015). We then outline a simple step-wise approach to using an ES approach to assess and value landscape impacts.