They could help reduce congestion in cities and along road networks, with benefits including fewer accidents and lower GHG and air pollutant emissions. Brazil has leading innovative firms and high expertise in selected high-technology fields such as renewables and agro-technology. Green research and development (R&D) expenditure is estimated to account for about 3% of total R&D expenditure (Frischtak, 2011). Eco-innovation performance has improved and Brazil has been developing a specialisation in environmental technology compared to other BRIICS economies. The number of patents in environment- and climate-related technology has grown, accounting for about 9% of all patents filed in Brazil in 2009-11 (the BRIICS average was 7.8%). Brazil has generated the world’s third largest amount of certified emission reduction credits under the Clean Development Mechanism, which has been a key driver of technology transfer and has also encouraged domestically driven innovation.