In the mid-2000s, Federal Universities, through their own resolutions, began a process of reserving vacancies for students from public schools. The federal government enacted law 12,711/2012 which reserves 50% of vacancies in public Universities to students of public schools. So, this research aims to analyze if the public policy of quotas brought material equality to competitors to a vacancy in federal universities. Therefore, a qualitative and descriptive research was done through the data provided by the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the National Institute of Studies and Educational Research Anisio Teixeira (INEP). The data confirmed the significant increase in the university banks of students graduating from the public school system. As a result, law 12,711/2012 has proved to be an instrument of inclusion for public school students in Brazil.