This chapter focuses on a critical examination of the process unleashed by the adoption of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 1373 on the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. The 1373 process has raised questions about the authority and legitimacy of the UNSC and the extent to which it is bound by human rights norms and standards. Drawing on theoretical insights from international relations and international law and employing content analysis and process tracing, this study assesses member states’ country reports submitted under the 1373 process and explores the factors that have constrained the “humanization” of the UNSC’s counterterrorist discourse. While some progress has been achieved since the initial stages of the “global campaign against terrorism,” serious accountability challenges persist, and the chapter concludes by identifying some of these challenges and offers suggestions on how to address them.