Furthermore, there is still a need to promote “openness” in the digital economy, and at the same time to address legitimate considerations of individuals’ and organisations’ opposing interests (including in particular their interests in the protection of privacy and intellectual property rights). Today, three out of four inhabitants in the OECD area have a subscription to a mobile wireless broadband service, which they use daily, and up to 95% of all businesses are now connected to the Internet, with three quarters having an online presence and almost half using this platform to do e-commerce (OECD, 2015a, 2015b). The transformation of entire economies into digital economies will intensify with the increasing number of real world objects becoming “smarter”, thanks to their embedded software and their interconnection via the Internet of Things (IoT) (see OECD, 2016i). This promise is much sought-after in current times of stagnating to declining working age population3 and productivity growth, and the resulting risk of a slowing of GDP growth or a “secular stagnation” as discussed in Gordon (2015).4 Recent OECD work by Andrews et al. (