For instance, the tax/GDP ratio in Australia is lower than in the OECD area. Inversely, where the solid line is outside the OECD average, the variable is above the OECD average (the cash transfer/GDP ratio in Germany is higher than the OECD average, for example). The indicators are presented in units of standard deviation. Old-age pensions and unemployment benefits account for a larger share in total transfers, while family benefits are less important.