Empirical results from the multivariate analysis are discussed in Section V. Section VI displays estimation of the well-being reduction associated with gender-based discriminatory institutions and potential improvements in life satisfaction associated with more gender equal social institutions. Section VII concludes with some policy implications and directions for future research. Broadly, on the one hand, the so-called bottom-up approach described by Wilson (1967) embraces the notion that given basic and universal human needs, if a person's circumstances allow him or her to fulfil these needs, he or she will be happy.