The size of adjacent higher-income groups can help develop opportunities for cross-financing models, whereby the poorest pay a very low price, which is compensated by the higher price paid by the moderately poor of marginally higher income. Based on a common threshold of constant 2005 USD 5 per day at purchasing power parity (PPP), 90% of Indonesia’s population and 96% of India’s population is poor, compared with 68% in China, 49% in Colombia and 62% in South Africa. Extreme poverty affects a large share of the population in each of the five countries and is particularly prevalent in India, Indonesia and South Africa. Poverty touches mostly rural populations in India (71%) and China (73%). In Indonesia, virtually half of the poor (52%) are urban dwellers, the other half live in rural areas.