However when they are able to do this, the results from energy efficiency actions reduce unprofitable energy sales and improve demand management pay back investments for both consumers and the utilities. A detailed appraisal of the range of multiple benefits from utility efficiency programmes is included in Chapter 6 of IEA2014a Energy delivery impacts of energy efficiency29. Governments can decide to reallocate subsidies to targeted social measures. Domestic hard coal producer support of EUR 5 billion was 0.3% of GDP in 1999.