Seoul is indisputably the most affluent and the most autonomous subnational government in Korea, with a financial independence rate (calculated as the percentage of local own resources over total budget) of 75%, which is by far the highest rate among subnational governments in Korea. The bars do not equal 100% due to a number of possible reasons: when there was no response, when the government voluntarily eliminated some responses to protect individuals’ privacy, and when the Census automatically eliminates records if the number of responses collected in the investigation area is less than five (to eliminate outliers). It ranks first among Korean TL3 regions in terms of road length (5 022 m/km2 compared with a national average of 0.28 m/km2), the number of train stations (320, including 257 subway stations), railway length (701 m/km2) and subway line length (532.7 m/km2, far above second-ranked Busan with 122.9 m/km2 and third-ranked Daegu with 57.5 m/km2) in 2010 (KOTI, 2016, Kostat, 2016a). The combined modal share of public transport and non-motorised modes is almost 77% (see Figure 3.1).