This provision has been severely criticised by social housing advocates for allowing well-off areas to escape their obligations, and many prosperous municipalities (such as Neuilly-sur-Seine) have taken advantage of it so far to resist the government’s efforts to make them increase their stock of social housing (Scanlon and Whitehead, 2011). In practice, social rental housing often concentrates low-income households in deprived urban neighbourhoods that offer low-quality public services and little access to job opportunities, which exacerbates urban social exclusion. In Chile, for example, areas identified for social housing construction were not always equipped with proper urban infrastructure, facilities or services and connectivity between social housing and job centres is often deficient (OECD, 2013e).