Private companies can foster the manufacturing of efficient appliances along with the necessary instructions and after-sales service to ensure appropriate application and long-term operation. This is necessary to increase economies of Page ^ 39 scale, which will reduce prices and reduce investments in inefficient technologies that have lower up-front costs, but higher long-term costs and greater environmental impacts. In this case, it is typically found that the extra cost associated with highly efficient end-use equipment is cost effective when the entire electricity application is considered.