In Ilong Kong the government owned MTR funds metro construction through joint development of land for offices, retail and housing around new stations (Case Study 2). These models are clearly applicable to other rapidly developing cities, on condition that governments can provide the regulatory stability needed for the relatively long time horizon required for returns to be realised. The Crossrail project is being partly funded through a Business Rate Supplement (BRS), and this has financed £3.5 billion worth of Greater London Authority (GLA) borrowing.