One of the contributing factors to this problem and a large hurdle for healthcare providers is vaccine spoilage, as many vaccines need to be stored at temperatures between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius. With over 200,000 vaccine refrigerators in use in the developing world alone, most of them in harsh and remote environments, keeping the cold chain up and running is a major challenge. Now, using loT technologies, Nexleaf's ColdTrace system monitors and records the refrigerator temperatures and send out SMS alert messages whenever there is a problem (i.e., when temperatures rise above a predetermined threshold). Nexleaf has developed a mobile-enabled temperature sensor device that uploads data to a cloud-based serve in near real-time via GPRS or SMS.