Similarly, in their study of the state of Kentucky, Shideler et al. ( According to this, a critical amount of broadband infrastructure may be needed to sizably increase employment, but once a community is completely built out, additional broadband infrastructure will not further affect employment growth. For example, in a study conducted in Germany by this author (discussed later), it was not possible to identify a saturation point for broadband penetration18. Furthermore, even if that were to be found confirming evidence of saturation with regard to contribution to GDP or employment creation, that would not put into question the need to achieve universal broadband in terms of the social benefits it yields to end users.