Both the Indian NREGS and the Ethiopian PSNP, for example, foresee the provision of workplace-based childcare, and PSNP theoretically offers reduced working time and less physically demandingtasks for women. These provisions have been rarely implemented, however.12 Participatory monitoring can improve programme performance and gender-responsiveness. In some Indian states, for exam pie, social audits led by women’s organizations have been successful in raising women's participation rates, wages and representation in supervisory roles. Accessible and affordable health care is particularly important for women because they have less access to income, face costly health conditions, such as pregnancy and childbirth, and are often responsible for the health care of family members.