For example, Arulampalam, Booth, and Taylor (2000) observe that among the working-age men in their sample who were unemployed at the time of an annual interview, around one-third were in an unemployment spell that lasted longer than 12 months (the average gap between annual interviews). For these cases, unemployment a year ago (y„-i) refers to the same spell rather than a different spell, so the higher chances of unemployment for those with yit.i = 1 may in part reflect the relatively long length of the unemployment spell to date. In order to check the sensitivity of the estimates of (Markovian) state dependence derived from their basic DREP model, Arulampalam, Booth, and Taylor fit two further model variants.