During the first two years of contributions to a pension fund manager (AFP), workers benefiting from this subsidy receive a matching amount from the State for funding their individual pension account (Robles, 2011).26 Available assessments show that the subsidy, while underutilized, is having positive impacts (Vargas, 2014). This is reflected, for example, in social investment statistics, which reveal a substantial investment deficit in youth (ECLAC, 2014). The old and emerging models in this sphere are outlined in tables IV.l and IV.2, identifying the roles played by the areas bearing core responsibility for protection. The State was to ensure an ever-increasing supply, but it was not its responsibility to ensure completion of this cycle, let alone tertiary education. Clear signs of the changing role of the State came when completion of middle school or, in many cases, high school was made mandatory, a set of policies was deployed to keep adolescents and young people in the education system, and aid after graduation was introduced. The development of youth job and first job programmes provides clear evidence of a new role of the State in this sphere.