The combination of high volatility of export and fiscal revenues often translates into large swings in economic activity, and lower rates of growth over the longer term. These effects are exacerbated in countries with weak governance and poor institutional quality, where the lack of diversification may act as a barrier to socioeconomic development. Among the commodity-dependent growth laggards, many have also been mired in long-standing armed conflicts or have faced civil unrest and instability in recent decades. This would make many of the targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development much harder to accomplish.