Most legal disputes principally raise the need to evaluate competing versions of fact, each purporting to be ‘true’ and reliable. Rules of evidence in both common-law (accusatorial or adversarial) and civil (inquisitorial) systems play the important role of regulating how ‘facts’ are to be assessed and what proof is required, ultimately determining whether an accused person is guilty or not guilty and whether a noncriminal case is proved or not proved to the requisite standard. They also sit at the intersection between the rights of the individual (especially the accused and witnesses, their privacy and corporal integrity) and the rights of society, as well as regulating the junction between law and forensic medicine and forensic science. Rules of evidence feature in constitutions (such as the Italian, Portuguese, Canadian, and the US Bill of Rights), as well as in international law such as the European Convention on Human Rights.