Similarly Faeamani has argued that, through the combination of the loss of young adults and an inflow of cash in the form of remittances and goods, ‘there is a consequent reduction in garden size and production’ (1995: 140). At a macroeconomic level there is no evidence of ‘Dutch disease’ in Tonga, since the real exchange rate does not appear to be affected by remittances (Lin 2011), and that is highly likely also to be the case in Samoa. More generally, several authors have stressed general and wide-ranging notions of dependency that remittances appear to create, and the growing shift to the monetisation of activity.