For other aspects, biogeographical regions might be more appropriate to capture cross-border inter-connected issues relevant to biodiversity and ecosystem services. Biodiversity is nested in space and time, and understanding the nature of these relations is crucial to understanding policy needs. It should focus on the key issues that could determine the dynamics of the interactions between society and nature [the social-ecological system) over the next 40 years in accordance with the IPBES scoping report for the regional and subregional assessments.