Hence, low background individuals see their skills decrease as inequality rises even when they are compared with higher backgrounds individuals with the same amount of formal education. This suggests that part of their lower proficiency can be traced to a worse “quality” of the educational track (e.g. they attended worse quality schools/universities) or to a lower amount of effort (e.g. hours) while studying. The third evidence suggesting that higher inequality lowers the amount of opportunities available to disadvantaged individuals in the society emerges from looking at their labour market outcomes.