Eight actions (about 8.5 per cent of all actions) and about US$ 721,000 (approximately 0.13 per cent of all environmental investments) were earmarked for biodiversity conservation. These investments equaled 23 per cent of the absolute minimum estimated funding needs for biodiversity management over approximately the same period, as indicated in BSAP. The biodiversity actions listed in NEAP appeared selective: for instance, two of eight actions focused on the conservation of one species (Macrovipera lebedirta) that is of little conservation concern. It was developed with the participation of a wide range of national experts and the support of the international NGO FFT, based on an in-depth country study of the biodiversity of Turkmenistan.