This chapter elaborates the local government reform process of Turkey in the 2000s and evaluates the outcomes of decentralization reforms. The chapter familiarizes the reader with the characteristics of the public administration system in Turkey focusing particularly on the relationship between central and local government. A further emphasis is given on public management reforms after 2002 that reshaped the local government. Other sections in the chapter focus on the actors in local governance, namely central government, local government, and non-state actors, and analyze their roles and functions in public governance.