In these cases, policy reforms have accelerated the trend towards greater income inequality. In a few cases, redistribution has declined by a sufficient margin to push up inequality after taxes and benefits despite a fall in the market-income Gini (Denmark, 1995-2000, Israel, 2001-05, Norway, 1979-86, United Kingdom, 1994-2004). Redistribution is the absolute difference between the Gini coefficients before and after taxes and transfers. All measures are based on equivalised household income using the square-root equivalence scale. The mechanisms underlying these changes, as well as possible policy responses, differ substantially between groups, however.