Land use, land-use change and forestry, as defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), covers emissions and removals of GHGs resulting from direct human-induced LULUCF activities. Emissions to the atmosphere can occur through forest fires, conversion of forest to cropland and decomposition of aboveground biomass that remains after logging and deforestation. Removals from the atmosphere occur, for instance, through the extension of forest cover through afforestation and reforestation.