While in developed countries “Improve” strategies can help promote electric vehicles and rail electrifications, developing countries often make better use of encouraging small, efficient cars and innovations for traditional non-motorised transport modes such as cycle rickshaw's. Effective sustainable transport strategies often require enhancing synergies between “Avoid”, “Shift” and “Improve” policies. For example, when investing in a bus rapid transit (BRT) corridor (“Shift”), uiban policy makers can alter land-use regulations to promote densification around the corridor (“Avoid”), and use clean-fuel buses (“Improve”). A-S-I strategies require infrastructure investments, such as: BRT corridors (“Shift”), rail infrastructure for metros and high speed rail (“Shift”), parking (“Avoid”), and electric vehicle charging stations (“Improve”).The model is most applicable to the uiban context and to long-distance or international freight transport, where multiple transport modes and options are likely to be available. In rural areas, where options are often limited, “shifting” is less relevant, at least in the short term.