This will put pressure on pension and health systems. Further, the presence of declining and ageing populations in developed regions may result in much larger migration flows than occur today. By 2050,70 per cent of the world’s population is projected to live in urban areas and megacities and undergoing further growth will create problems of their own.3 This will make the creation of a sufficient number of decent jobs more challenging and, if the challenge is left unaddressed, persistent widespread poverty and inequality among urban-dwellers will be sources of social and political instability.