By considering the more general scope of innovation it draws on sectors, particularly services, that do not undertake relatively high levels of formal R&D. Innovation surveys capture a broad range of innovation activities from product and process to marketing and organisational innovations and account for both innovation inputs and outputs. Sectors that perform high levels of formal R&D do not necessarily rank high when broader innovation inputs are considered. For example, “Manu facturing of transport equipment” (Division 35) is relatively R&D-intensive but only just features in the top 20 innovation ranking. To this end, a number of CIS variables are grouped into four main categories that are homogenous with respect to the information provided and the innovation-related feature addressed, namely: product and process innovations, organisation and market innovations, intellectual property rights and innovation-related expenditures.