An important objective of the National Forest Programme (2002) is to promote a conversion to "close to nature forestry" (Fourth Country Report to CBD - Denmark 2010). The primary threat to forests is grazing, mainly by sheep, which hinders rejuvenation of native woodlands. Introduction of new pest species and changes in pest dynamics due to climate change also pose a significant threat towards native as well as introduced tree species (Halldorsson et al. This causes habitat changes as well as fragmentation of forest habitats, which has caused degradation of biodiversity and is likely to decrease the ecological resilience of the boreal forests towards natural hazards.