Platforms rewarding, penalising or automating specific behaviours could be developed based on blockchain technology and, because of the required standardisation, would be highly interoperable. In conjunction with today’s discussions on restricting combustion engine vehicles in urban city centres, or implementing special tolls, the integration of sensor data (e.g. pollution measurement stations, virtual toll area screening, etc.) Each municipality could design an appropriate traffic control system and implement it as a real-time application on the blockchain layer.