Few local governments established metal hospitals, and most local governments instead called on private hospitals to provide services. The Mental Hygiene Law was passed in 1950, which dictated that confinement of individuals with mental ill-health should be in psychiatric hospitals (Tatara and Okamoto, 2009). Involuntary admission was included, and could be made by administrative order, or by the proxy consent of a legally responsible person (Asai, 1999).