The study faulted a nexus of forest officials, politicians and privileged local individuals, but there is still disagreement as to who are the key culprits. Some, like IUCN’s Malla, see these numbers as applying to the plains, but not to the hills, where, Malla claims, “less than one per cent, or less than 0.5 per cent” of community forests have been subject to illegal logging. Contributing to this is an open border with India, where there are stricter logging regulations and higher timber prices.