On average, shipping containers have utilization rates of only 20 per cent because companies often ship merchandise to many locations. Tracking each container using loT technologies could improve container utilization by 10 to 25 per cent and reduce annual spending on containers by nearly US$ 13 billion by 2025 (Lund and Manyika, 2016). Globally, the total number of installed remote shipment tracking systems stood at 2.9 million units by the end of 2015, and it is expected to grow at a compounded annual growth rate of 23 per cent in the coming years (Bern Insight, 2016). It is not only containers, but also each product that can now be tracked using radio-frequency identification technology.