However, formal education is not the only factor that plays a role in the process of human capital accumulation, so is learning-by-doing and on-the-job training. The latter is an efficient and economical way to meet industries' demand for skills and is usually provided to employees after completing their formal education in schools. Reducing unemployment does not only improve household income, it also has substantial effects on the successful implementation of technological upgrading within firms. Productivity depends on the ability of workers to implement and work with new technologies.