Although New Zealand and the United Kingdom are members of the Commonwealth, Tokelau and Pitcairn Island are not included as Commonwealth Pacific small states in this Report. Part a) is a Tier 1 indicator while part b) is a Tier 3 indicator. Part a) is a Tier 1 indicator while part b) is a Tier 2 indicator. Building the Resilience of Small States: A Revised Framework, London: Commonwealth Secretariat.