The leopard (Panthera pardus) used to be widespread until the 1950s but is now restricted in distribution and less numerous, with only 30-40 individuals reported in 1994. The Turkmen population of the Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus) was estimated at 6,000 in 1996 but at little more than 600 in 2001. Other important ungulate populations have reportedly also declined over the last 20 years, such as those of the urial (Ovis urial spp.),