Without better co-ordination, it will be impossible to achieve a more coherent structure. In a study of metropolitan governance of Sydney, Australia that focuses on conflicts over land-use planning, Kubler explores the concepts of joint decision systems and negotiated agreements (Kubler, 2007: 637-639). These ideas are appropriate when actors engaged in a policy problem are unable to independently achieve their objectives and either unanimity or near unanimity is required for a successful solution. He discusses four ways to get to such a solution.