Some attempts have been made at decoupling the fuel energy that goes towards electricity production and desalination. A previous ESCWA report on desalination quoted die energy attributable to desalination in a cogeneration plant as 162 MJ/m3 for MSF plants.40 Another study calculates the energy costs attributable to cogeneration desalination for MSF and MED as 170 MJ/m3 and 96 MJ/m3, respectively.41 Table 4 shows the energy amount and type required by RO, MSF and MED plants (stand-alone and cogeneration). While oil is used for illustration purposes, other fuels can also be used to power desalination.