Often these concern social assistance type payments that are phased out or withdrawn against other sources of income (e.g. earnings or pension payments) but not with basic pensions in China and the Philippines (OECD, 2013). In eight of the 19 Asian countries with a non-contributory' pension (for which data are available), beneficiaries receive less than USD PPP 1.25 (purchasing power parity) a day, and in 11 out of 19 countries, this is less than USD PPP 2 a day (ILO, 2015a). Nevertheless, these programmes can play a role in poverty' reduction. For example, in Thailand, the old-age allowance (Bia Yung Cheep) contributed to a decline in the poverty rate of elderly singleperson households (from 5.8% to 2.5%) and a fall in the poverty rate of all households from 9.6%tto 8.3% (ILO, 2015a).