In 2000, about 76% of lone-mother households received their main income through wages and salaries (Japan Statistical Yearbook, Table 2-19). In 2006, the single-mother employment rate was 84.5%, the second-highest reported by an OECD country (OECD, 2007b, Sekine, 2008, and Zhou, 2009). Although many single mothers work full time, their earnings and incomes remain relatively low (see Chapter 4).