Increasing disparities have been driven both by the rise in income of population at the top of the income distribution (particularly at the top 1%) and by the decline at the bottom 40% (OECD, 2015b). They generally have lower educational attainment, are more likely to be unemployed or dissatisfied with their jobs, report worse health status, and are more affected by environmental degradation (OECD, 2016a). In addition, certain social groups are persistently underrepresented in the top of the income distribution.