Factors strongly correlated with upward income mobility indude living in an urban area, a higher employment share in the household, a higher share of agricultural income over total income, and moving from low-value (e.g. plastic production, wood processing) to medium-value (e.g. automobile parts, textile) manufacturing jobs. Participation in own-account agriculture (independent farmer without employees), the number of children and the presence of a disabled household member increased the risk of downward mobility. The self-employed in Viet Nam indude mostly vulnerable workers, such as own-account workers and contributing family workers, but consider also entrepreneurs that earn better than wage jobs. Sectorial mobility has been moderate, with the most significant movements observed from industries and services to agriculture.