According to the Regional Innovation Scoreboard (European Commission, 2017a), Stockholm is the most innovative region in the EU, followed by the capital region of Denmark - Hovedstaden. With the relatively early adoption of the green growth agenda, the Nordic countries have become frontrunners in green economy transformation, having obtained a significant competitive advantage in green solutions. Regions are classified into four main innovation performance groups (i.e. leader, strong, moderate and modest performers) with three subgroups within each performance group (i.e. a top third (+, most innovative): a middle third, and a bottom third (-, least innovative)) to allow for more diversity at the regional level.