Bargaining” models attempt to account for other factors, such as power differentials within the family and the possible effects of the threat of divorce (see Lundberg and Poliak, 1996, for an overview of this literature). These models assume that partners still work together up to a point, but also compete and negotiate over roles and resources based on their relative bargaining power. Men’s higher eamings, together with other resources such as education, often afford them greater say in decisions and allow them to opt out of less desirable tasks like housework, even if it is not efficient for tire family.