This presentation aims at providing responses to the following questions:i. What are the characteristics of the situation in the North-Eastern States of Nigeria? A mere situation of internal disturbances and tensions or a civil war (i.e. non-international armed conflict) or is counter-terrorism/ counter-insurgency not a complex form of warfare?ii. In which contexts are acts of terrorism prohibited by law (both international and national laws) for human rights protection?iii. Whose human rights are the law’s concern?iv. What human rights obligations exist with regards to counter-terrorism measures?v. Whose obligations and responsibility are in reference here?vi. Why must a counter-terrorism operation/strategy be based on the rule of law and human rights?