Since Yunnan province approved an opium substitution development programme for Myanmar and Lao PDR in 2006, the Chinese government has been actively mobilising Chinese companies to take part in the scheme by offering them subsidies, tax waivers and import quotas (TNI, 2012). Almost every rural household raises livestock which contributes to household nutrition and income and provides draught power and byproducts, such as hides and leather. In the past two decades, poultry has seen tremendous growth, with the number of birds increasing seven fold, particularly due to the spread of commercial production techniques in peri-urban areas (Figure 9.5).