San Francisco (Box 2.7) is a good example of a city that has managed to divert waste to landfills by 80% in efforts to reach zero waste by the year 2020 (SF environment, 2016). Sweden is similarly a good example as only 1% of w'aste goes to landfill sites. Several jurisdictions in OECD countries such as New York City, Kamikatsu, Japan, Toronto, Canada, Seattle, Washington and New South Wales have all adopted a long-term zero waste goal.