The Forest Report 2009 (Waldbericht der Bundesregierung 2009) of the German federal government indicates costs and benefits, particularly regarding the provision of protection and recreation functions as well as non-timber goods in forests. Here the value of forest-based recreation is reported to be about EUR 50 per person per year and this economic value is used as an indicator. A Thuenen-work report (Kuppers 2008. Arbeitsbericht: Belastungen der Forstbetriebe aus der Schutz- und Erholungsfunktion des Waldes) states cost to forest enterprises arising from the provision of protection and recreation functions of forests.