However, many older persons in developing countries have little choice but to continue to work into old age to finance at least part of their consumption, in the absence of comprehensive social security programmes, for example, in Indonesia, the Philippines and Nigeria. In sharp contrast, Brazil has generous public transfers directed to older persons, which creates incentives for individuals to withdraw early from the labour market, starting from as early as age 50 years (Turra, Queiroz and Neto, 2011). This is reflected in a labour income contribution of only half of the consumption of people aged 55 to 64 in Brazil, as compared to the median of 85 per cent in developing countries. This decline is steeper in the more developed regions than in developing countries and thus a distinct gap is observed between these groups.