The nine-year lapse underscores the fact that this was not just a static analysis of initial conditions leading to stable favoured actions. Involvement of area residents is key, and plans have a distinct institutional component, as the intent is to foster a social process which will affect actions by private and civic institutions as well as governments. The broader range of issues represented in strategic and other more recent planning forms ranges across housing, economic development, jobs, education, infrastructure, environment and natural resources as reviewed in the next section. Egypt, with the support of UN-Habitat, has been preparing strategic spatial plans for small cities whose population is less than 60,000.