This is particularly true in landlocked countries in Africa, where prices for fertilisers are as much as ten times higher than in other developing countries13. World Bank 2012) report that geography seems to be important, as farmers in coastal countries in Africa generally enjoy better prices for fertilisers (a little over USD 600 in South Africa and less than USD 500 in Kenya), but there are coastal states such as Nigeria paying very high prices and landlocked countries such as Kazakhstan enjoying access to fertilisers at relatively low prices, which suggests the influence of other factors, such as the regulatory policies adopted by the concerned countries as regards the seed and fertiliser markets. Among the factors affecting African agricultural trade, Brenton et al. (