Groundwater pumping can result in desiccation of natural reserves, as seen in the Netherlands, and contribute to the drying up of wetlands, as seen in southern Europe, with significant loss for water quality filtering (Hellegers et al., In Mexico and western United States, it has resulted in significant land collapses (Foster, 2008, Sneed et al., Intensive pumping in coastal aquifers, or aquifers connected to saline water bodies, is a significant source of salinization of groundwater, affecting the crop choice for agriculture and ecosystems, in particular in the wetlands, rivers, ponds, springs and streams to which it is connected (Schoengold and Zilberman, 2007, Fuentes, 2011, UNECE, 2011, Amores et al., Farmers using groundwater beyond recharge may lose a source of future income (an option value, e.g. Howitt et al.,