As already mentioned, Rwanda has the highest number of women parliamentary representatives worldwide. Women’s representation has increased in other post-conflict countries as well. In Kosovo, women make up 28 per cent of parliamentary and municipal assemblies, 25 per cent of seats in the 2005 elections held in Afghanistan were reserved for women, and in the same year, women in Iraq gained 31 per cent of seats in parliament (UN Facts and Figures, cited in Binder et al. Scholars have theorised that having a ‘critical mass’ of women represented politically - 30 per cent is widely recognised as the minimum necessary - makes a difference in terms of implementing gender-friendly laws and policies (Dahlerup 1988, Jaquette 1997, Sainsbury 2004).