The exposure component is related to the size and frequency of the shocks during past years (or the past rainfall and temperature instabilities). The shock component here is the risk of an increase in the size of the recurrent shocks as a result of climate change, and is more forward looking, it is reflected by the trend in the frequency and size of past shocks (or the trends in rainfall and temperature instabilities), supposing that these trends are determined by climate change and are likely to continue in the future. These two components are measured in the same way as for rainfall and temperature.