That is, for every 100 people offered vocational training, fewer than three will find a job they would not otherwise have found. Furthermore, the monthly income of individuals who receive training increases by $19. This income gain is, however, modest, considering the cost of such programmes (ranging from $500 to $1700 per person trained).137 Yet, sector-specific education and training at the mid-technical level is needed if SMEs are to take advantage of industry 4.0. In other words, the question is not whether the provision of TVET is required but how to design TVET effectively.