As land is a factor input into many economic activities, competing demands and conflicting uses may become constraints to both economic development and environmental protection. This requires integrated land use and territorial planning, coherence with sectoral policies (mining, agriculture, forestry manufacturing, transport, energy), appropriate governance and the use of a mix of policy instruments, including ownership rights, property' and other taxes, and protected area networks. This delivers important messages about competing uses of land and pressures on biodiversity that may alter habitats.