These countries have in fact led the global recovery, but the re-emergence of growth, trade and employment generation is far from complete (World Bank, 2014). In significant ways, there has been a shift of global production and consumption to large emerging economies, which in turn has helped smaller economies that cannot rely on their own domestic demand by providing new markets for export (Gereffi, 2014, UNCTAD, 2013a). In terms of scale, for instance, demand from middle-income countries is a very long way from replacing that of large developed countries as the global engine of consumption growth (Cripps, Izurieta and Singh, 2011).