For instance, in Norway and Sweden, long-term care in-kind benefits would increase incomes among the bottom quintile by more than one fifth but less than 1% among the top quintile. In the Nordic countries the bottom quintile receives even 40-50% of these services. Overall, inequality reduction through elderly long-term care services is between 2% and 5% in the Nordic countries, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom and thus has a stronger redistributive effect than childcare in these countries. In the other countries, the redistributive effect is negligible (below 1%).