A considerable number of fossil fuel power plants are located near large cities in Emerging Asia (Table 3.4). In terms of total annual generation, the 27 coal plants near Shanghai produce an estimated 161 519.1 GWh per year, while Bangkok is highly exposed to gas-fired generation, 17 plants near the city produce an estimated 83 039.9 GWh. The countries in the region with coal-fired power generation (i.e. all except Brunei Darussalam) have established emissions standards for particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides.