However, these arrangements pose distributional dilemmas (transfers from single individuals to married couples) and tend to reinforce traditional family patterns and gender roles. Other arrangements, such as contribution credits that compensate for the impact that time dedicated to take care of children or elderly members of the family can have on women’s pension entitlements, are a positive measure but may not overcome all gender gaps in pension benefits on their own. Policies need to includes package of measures to address inequalities from their origins (i.e., reducing gender gaps in the labour market, promoting a more equal distribution of care work in the family and avoiding gender-blind policies) as well as to compensate for gender gaps in old age protection when they emerge.