One new and unfortunate trend in both countries has been the deportation of convicted islanders, mainly from the USA, who make very little positive contribution after return (Pereira 2011). Moreover, it is common for the media of both countries to report that perpetrators of serious crimes are returned migrants. However, as population data indicate, return migration is quite limited. At no time during the past quarter of a century has there been substantial return migration to Samoa or Tonga, despite the centrality of an ideology of return.