The income share of the top quintile increased from 33% in 1989 to 47% in 1995 and it remains at this level, the income share of the bottom quintile dropped from almost 10% in 1989 to 5-6 % in 1993/94 and has been around that level ever since (Annex 3.A1, Table 3.A1.1). The relative poverty series presented in Figure 3.3 is based on data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (Box 3.1 and Denisova, 2011). Notwithstanding the recent decline in poverty at 16.5%, the relative poverty rate in the Russian Federation (as based on RLMS data) is high compared with the OECD average of 10.6% in 2005 (OECD, 2008a).