In the absence of these, migrant workers are not able to contribute adequately to the economy of their countries of origin. Freund and Spatafora (2008) reported that recorded remittances depend negatively on transfer costs and the parallel market premium. On the other hand, it is also interesting to note that highly skilled migrants tend to remit a relatively lower share of their income to their countries of origin (Niimi and Ozden 2006, Faini 2007, Adams 2009), although the amount itself was found to be higher.