It was argued, in particular by the economist Lord Layard, that the economic benefits that IAPT would bring in terms of cost-saving on benefits, and improved economic productivity, meant that even set against the costs of establishing such a programme, of training and staffing a national rollout of cognitive behavioural therapies, IAPT would eventually pay for itself (London School of Economics, 2006) (Box 2.5). For countries with good primary care systems it may be more realistic to extend care from this base, even if cost-effectiveness arguments for investment in wide-scale psychological therapies programmes are persuasive. Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) was established in England, and then rolled out across the country as part of an initiative led with the express support of the then Prime Minister, Tony Blair, from 2009, following a campaign supporting the economic efficiency of psychological therapies driven by Labour peer and economist Lord Richard Layard.