This is attributed to efforts made to reduce subjectivity in the earlier use of a multiplicative factor by directly consulting the concerned ministries/departments to confirm the contribution of schemes implemented by them towards biodiversity conservation, as well as to the significant difference in rupee-USD conversion rate in 2014. Most of the subsidies benefit the rich more than the poor, however. For example, the poorest 20% reap only about a tenth of electricity subsidies and even less of transport fuel subsidies. Replacing indirect subsidies - artificially low prices for energy' and water - with cash transfers would help the poor, encourage efficient use of energy and water, and help to promote more socially inclusive green growth.