The chapter mainly examines the infrastructure challenges of reaching the 'last/first mile’, i.e. the infrastructure that connects SMEs in remote locations to the major hubs (Figure 16) as part of the business ecosystem in which they operate. These issues must be resolved, as the level of transport and ICT infrastructure available to SMEs determines their capacity to compete with other enterprises and connect with the key business ecosystem actors: the private sector and nonprofit institutions providing services to enterprises. However, SMEs will never connect to them without at least a modest transport and ICT infrastructure - i.e. without some means of traversing the last mile.