For this purpose countries at high risk and with low capacity will need a ‘critical mass’ of trained manpower. These use satellite remote sensing, GIS, crowdsourcing and ICT applications. This was the case in the Uttarakhand flash floods in 2013, typhoon Haiyan in 2013, cyclones Phailin and Hudhud in 2014 and cyclone Pam and the Nepal earthquakes in 2015.