The share of GDP devoted to education is below the OECD average, with a higher proportion of public funding than the OECD average. Portugal needs to continue to define professional pathways for teachers and school principals, providing relevant training and implementing reform of the teacher training system. Further developing an integrated evaluation and assessment framework centred on quality student learning would help move beyond the objective of accountability to provide clearer information on how schools, school leaders and teachers can improve in the classroom.