Reducing the regulatory burden and streamlining permits and other administrative procedures can be a relatively inexpensive way to promote the development of brownfield areas. City governments, with the support of oblast and central governments, can promote the redevelopment of brow nfields in a number of ways, beginning with a “fast-track” type of streamlined and simplified permitting system for projects on brownfield land, as a minimal intervention approach. However, it is necessary to manage the redevelopment of former industrial zones, because concerns over environmental conditions may emerge. An expedited and simplified review was implemented in Germany due to concerns over urban sprawl in the 1990s. A number of initiatives were instituted to promote a higher intensity of land use, including a simplified set of planning rules for infill development as part of the Research for the Reduction of Land Consumption and for Sustainable Land Management (REFINA) initiative, which began in the mid-2000s.