Objective: This paper describes the processes involved in policy development and implementation with examples of how this can be influenced by the outcomes of research.Method: The author draws on his experience in the development and implementation of Australia's National Mental Health Policy and on the literature describing public policy analysis.Results: A five-step process of problem identification, policy development, political decision, policy implementation and evaluation is described. This process identifies how issues are considered, adopted and implemented by governments.Conclusion: An understanding of this process can inform mechanisms by which scientific research can impact on the issues considered and the decisions made in each step of policy analysis and development.