For Brazil, this study has used the iidigence lines estimated by the BraziBan Geographical and Statistical Institute (IBGE), the Brazilian Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA) and ECLAC as a joint effort in the late 1990s. For Colombia, the thresholds proposed by the Colombian Mission for the Linkage of Employment, Poverty and Inequality Series (MESEP) were used. For Peru, indigence and poverty liies were estimated by the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI).