This article investigates how the efficiency of the business environment and corruption (informal payments and state capture) affect the microeconomic performance of firms. The novelty of the study is to look at the interaction of these effects with firm ownership. We use firm-level micro data collected by the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) for 27 transition countries for 2002–09. Among other data, BEEPS collects information on different forms of corruption at the firm level and firm ownership. We find the somewhat surprising result that private firms (domestic and foreign-owned) are more involved in both informal payments and state capture. Our results also reveal that foreign-owned firms that are involved in informal payments are likely to benefit from these corrupt practices. On the other hand, state-owned firms are more likely to experience negative effects of involvement in corruption on productivity growth. After 2004 involvement of firms in corrupt practices diminish...