Unfortunately, data on the number of hours subsidised or FTE employees are not available for the majority countries considered here. However, the size of such spill over effects cannot be isolated with the current data. Increased employment stability among permanent worker may come at the expense of lower job stability among temporary workers when STW schemes shift the burden of adjustment from insiders to outsiders. When concentrating exclusively on manufacturing, there is weak evidence that short-time work has increased the employment response to output shocks of temporary workers during the crisis.