The Malabo Protocol adopted by the African Union in 2014 envisages the empowerment of the African Court of Justice and Human and People’s Rights, inter alia, with international criminal jurisdiction. The chapter reflects on three specific crimes which will be subject to the jurisdiction of the Court—piracy, terrorism, and mercenarism. It explores their origins in international treaties, analyses their elements and argues that these crimes (“transnational crimes”) must be distinguished from other crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court, such as genocide and war crimes (“crimes under international law”). The chapter shows that the Court will be the first international tribunal ever provided with jurisdiction over transnational crimes and concludes with the recommendation not to rashly repudiate the (perhaps: over-) ambitious project of regionalizing the enforcement of international and transnational criminal law.