Alongside these, both the EU and the United States have sought unilateral trade remedies to alleged dumping and subsidisation by foreign suppliers. An EC procedure was for example started in June 2008 on the initiative of the European Biodiesel Board, resulting in the imposition (under Commission Regulation in 2009) of a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of biodiesel originating in the United States. Such duties levied by the EC have gone unchallenged to date.