However, since 2009, the population of most monotowns has risen (if usually at a slower pace than in urban Kazakhstan as a whole), as opposed to the steep demographic decline in the previous decade. Population declined in only 8 of the 27 monotowns in the 2009-2016 period, most dramatically in Serebryansk (which has experienced rapid out-migration) and Zyrianovsk. In the same period, around half of monotowns experienced negative net migrations (i.e. net migration outflows, see Figure 1.31).