In terms of future investment needs, the most important sectors and technologies are energy (renewables) and transport (infrastructure and efficiency), followed by energy transmission infrastructure and building energy efficiency (Hohne et al. Whilst some technologies in these key sectors can be clearly marked as compatible (e.g. renewable energy) or incompatible (e.g. coal power plants) with a 20 C scenario, most investment decisions need to be considered in their particular contexts and will depend on individual pathways as well as activities in other sectors. Such investments frequently involve infrastructure with a long-expected lifetime and as such present high lock-in risks.