In the case of the United States, there is abundant evidence of health disparities along racial lines, while such factors as place of residence, occupation, education, and income are considered to be secondary to ethnicity. The life expectancy of African-Americans in the District of Columbia is 63 years, compared with 80 years for whites in neighbouring Montgomery County (Maryland). A life expectancy of 63 years is below the average found in a large number of developing countries, including the Philippines, Egypt and all Latin American countries. In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the ratio of people of Bangladeshi and Pakistani origin who reported “not good’’ health in a survey was around 1.8 times higher than the average for all of England and Wales.