The land management actions included in these agreements may include the exclusion of livestock from an offset site, the erection of a fence, the planting of saplings and the control of pests and invasive species (NSW OEH, 2012). Delivery of biodiversity outcomes at these sites is therefore dependent upon the relationship between the completion of land management inputs and improvements in biodiversity condition. The bank instruments (i.e. offset supply agreements) used in the US Compensatory Wetlands Mitigation scheme contain pre-specified performance standards that, when met, trigger the release of credits for sale in the offset market. Performance standards are not uniform among all sites and may include such things as the survival rate of planted trees, the proportion of flora made up by native species and the number of exotic and weedy dominant species. Whilst these measures focus more on outputs than in the previous examples, they do not explicitly measure wetlands’ functional outcomes and, where poorly specified, may again lead to situations of regulatory compliance but offset failure (Ambrose, 2010, NRC, 2001).