This output required 6,070 hectares (ha), or about half of all land (10,397 ha) (Furano Branch of Kamikawa Agricultural Extension Centre, 2007). A quarter of the straw was converted to feed for milch cows (standard usage rate in Japan) (NEDO, 2009). This feed contains 37.6 per cent total digestible nutrients (TDN) (standard usage rate in Japan) (NEDO, 2009), and 63 per cent (standard usage rate in Japan) of hulls were converted to 4.4 t-N (NEDO, 2009).