There have been major improvements in conceptualizing, collecting and analyzing time-use information. Many countries are now collecting time-use data, but many more improvements are needed to address the practical difficulties that face developing countries in implementing data collection instruments. But by capturing both market and non-market economic activities, the time burden of women and children in household production and care activities, and not only that of men, is more accurately measured. For example, the level of response to an employment stimulus or workforce training programme for women is likely to be constrained by lack of affordable quality care services for young children or older persons.