The Identity Solutions Symposium held in Jonesboro, Arkansas, 2007 brought together academic, industry, and government experts working on radio frequency identification (RFID), biometrics, sensors, animal identification, identity cards, RFID-enabled passports, identity theft, terrorism, retail and healthcare supply chains, demographics, privacy, security, middleware, and legislation. One observation was universal in the presentations - identity matters. Identity-related technologies can considerably optimize supply chains while reducing threats from terrorism and natural disasters. But we must solve social, political, ethical, and technical puzzles along the way