Challenges that remain include the need for further and more explicit prioritisation of biodiversity within development finance portfolios and programming, by better capturing the synergies with climate and other environmental and development objectives. The persistent limitations in individual expertise, human resources and organisational capacity and a lack of funding for biodiversity in partner countries also hinder the continuity of positive change initiated by development co-operation activities beyond project lifetimes. Doing so in a more consistent manner would also facilitate comparison of experiences across countries and their effectiveness, and an exchange of lessons learned. This challenge is due in part to the lack of consistent data and indicators to develop baselines and to monitor and report on progress towards achieving mainstreaming goals and targets. In terms of responses, further consideration on how to monitor and evaluate mainstreaming efforts across the full range of responses, namely inputs, process, outputs, outcomes and impacts, would be useful.