The expectations of cash transfer programmes promoting investment in productive activities (in terms of transfer levels and time available, especially for women with additional care work responsibilities) need to be realistic, and the timing of the transfer (e.g. one-off "lumpy" payments or regular transfers, as well as seasonal considerations) appropriate. Expectations concerning the impact on productivity should be adapted to the target group of the cash transfer. Credibility (ie that people believe that payments will come and be on time) is essential and programmes of longer duration are necessary for systemic impacts on productivity. A recent evaluation of the PSNP in Ethiopia found that for households that had participated for only one year and received much lower levels of transfers, the PSNP improved food security by 1.05 months.