The result of this can be that employment opportunities for new-arrivals are limited. Given the role of employment in strengthening language learning, the resultant exclusion from the labour market can become a vicious cycle. Unemployed jobseekers registered with the PES office, and aged 30 years or over, are eligible to apply for a card granting the right to subsidised wages. Employers of a card holder will then receive a subsidy covering 30,40 or 50 % of payroll costs (up to a maximum of EUR 1 400 per month) while the card holder receives the salary stated in the relevant collective agreement. The percentage of payroll costs and the duration of the subsidy are determined on the basis of time in unemployment.