By 2015, China is expected to become the 2nd largest desalination market in the world after Saudi Arabia. Desalination can rely on a large resource base (oceans) and be widely implemented on coastal areas. The major constraint is that it is energy intensive.2 Moreover, brine discharges to the sea can increase salinity and temperature, and accumulate toxic compounds, in receiving waters. Industry can be made less dependent on the supply of potable water through obtaining water qualities that are tailored to suit product and process demands and quality standards (“water fit-for-use”).