There are three categories primarily aimed at nature protection: the one identified in 1928, forest habitats of protected species (so-called animal sanctuaries) and forest seed stands. Seed stands are important for nature protection as they allow native species and ecotypes to be included in forest renewal and afforestation. Most are in mountainous areas and have soil and water protective functions, though significant shares are designated near cities and in areas affected by industrial pollution. There are 65 000 ha of protective forests in private ownership, covering less than 4% of private forest area, and 25 000 ha in municipal forests, mostly peri-urban forests.