Women typically begin using substances later in life than men, but once they have initiated substance use, women tend to increase their rate of consumption of alcohol, cannabis, opioids and cocaine more rapidly than men and may progress more quickly than men to the development of drug use disorders. In South-Eastern Europe, nearly three out of every five people in drug treatment are in treatment for opioid use disorders. Treatment for cocaine use remains prominent in North America, Latin America and the Caribbean and, to a lesser extent, in Western and Central Europe, while amphetamines remain a problem primarily in East and South-East Asia and to some extent in North America. I, Nady El-Guebaly, Giuseppe Carra and Marc Galanter, cds. ( Milan, Springer, 2015). Cannabis is the main drug for which drug use treatment is sought in Africa, but many countries, most notably Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa and the United Republic of Tanzania, have reported an increasing number of people entering treatment for opioid use disorders.