The National Service of Environmental Certification for Sustainable Investments was created in 2012 (OECD/ UN ECLAC, 2017). In France there has been an attempt to align sector and environmental policies by extending the mandate of the Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development to cover transport, infrastructure, tourism and marine affairs, and more recently, energy, though some integration issues remain unresolved (OECD, 2016). Additionally, a key measure of the recently implemented law on biodiversity conservation (August 2016) was to rationalise biodiversity governance by setting up the French Biodiversity Authority (Agence Fran9aise pour la Biodiversite) (AFB), which has been operational since January 2017.