Among donor respondents, however, the same constraint is listed as the top 5,h constraint while low levels of training and skills made it to the top of the list of constraints to economic diversification. South-South partners, like donors, identified low levels of training and skills as the leading challenge, followed by an inadequate transport and network infrastructure, limited e-trade readiness, high input and trade costs and lack of standards compliance. Fundamental concepts of industrialisation have been discussed so far in view of inclusive and sustainable industrial development. The emergence of a new technological paradigm may, however, pose new opportunities and challenges. The following section therefore discusses new emerging technologies and their implications for the future of industrial development.