Some of the problems lie in the ‘informal status’ of certain urban settings, and their consequent exclusion from ‘official’ statistics, whereas other problems result from the sampling frames used in household surveys for the more well-established monitoring exercises such as the WHO-UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (WHO/UNICEF, 2017a). The UN-Habitat Urban Inequities Survey (UIS) (UN-Habitat, 2006) is one such survey method that is designed to highlight these inequities in service provision. Figure 6.1 clearly indicates the impact of a water-focused UIS in the urban centre of a small town in Uganda.