Nevertheless, without an emphasis on policy coherence across government, especially in gender equality policies that affect all sectors of society, the implementation and “whole-of-government” approach remains hampered. In fact, OECD countries emphasise establishing “whole-of-government” frameworks to deal with gender equality issues, such as the Family Violence Initiative in Canada (Box 3.9). In addition, all OECD countries with sub-national governments employ vertical co-ordination methods, such as co-ordinating bodies or committees (e.g. Australia, Austria, Mexico, Switzerland, etc.),