It is therefore clear that any further gains from improvement to existing preference schemes will come from the USA implementing a broad and comprehensive DFQF scheme. A recent study employing a computable general equilibrium model estimates that full implementation of DFQF by OECD countries would boost LDC exports by about USD 2 billion (or 17 per cent) without affecting preference-granting countries in any major way (Bouet et al. Another study - commissioned by the ICTSD - uses a partial equilibrium model to examine the impact of providing 100 per cent dutyfree treatment to LDC exports by a selected group of trade partners - including four major developed economies with long-standing trade preference schemes (Canada, the EU, Japan and the USA), one with a fairly recent duty-free scheme (Korea), and two emerging economies (China and India). Impacts on the rest of the world will be negligible (Table 7.3).