In urban areas near international borders, the implementation of smart trade initiatives can help to improve cross-border transportation and trade (Box 2.8). Co-ordination is needed across different levels of government to develop spatial and strategic planning that will foster synergies and avoid duplication and conflict in planning within and between cities and regions. Among OECD member countries, spatial planning considerations are increasingly important, while in some countries, such as Denmark, Finland and Norway, spatial planning takes into account land use and other related matters (OECD, 2011).