The “4-2-1-1 problem” will become more prevalent: increasingly one working person will have to provide for four grandparents, two parents, and one child, while at the same time saving for his or her own retirement. From a very poor country devastated by war in the early 1950s, Korea has developed into one of the richest countries in the region (Chapter 4) with life expectancy at birth close to 83 years. Family planning policies introduced in the 1960s contributed to a rapid decline of fertility rates from a TFR of 6 in 1960 to 1.6 in 1995 and 1.2 in 2011.