Recommendations of the second report of the CBD HLP on Global Assessment of Resources thus include that human and institutional capacity development programmes should include an increased focus on the sharing of practical knowledge and experience in developing effective policies and instruments for mainstreaming that support increased investment in conservation and sustainable use. This is illustrated with a case study ffom South Africa in the section on reporting and information management (Case study 16, pg. The approach includes analysis of current policy and institutional frameworks affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services both positively and negatively, and quantification of related investments through comprehensive reviews of past and current (baseline) public and private expenditures. Analyses of impact, effectiveness and coherence will provide key opportunities for mainstreaming, aimed at reducing the cost of biodiversity management, such as through the removal of biodiversity-harmful incentives.