Depicting a new foundational infrastructure layer for the currently implemented carbon certificate systems (e.g. EU ETS), a far more flexible and deeply entrenched certification and trading service can be established across all markets. Quota rules and certificate circulation can be controlled by the rules defined in smart contracts, which enforce certificate-related transactions in an automated fashion. On the other hand, climate-mitigating investments (e.g. forests and wetlands) could be sources of carbon credits, which could be monetised by creating, tracking and trading newly generated credits using blockchain technology.