In early 2009 South Africa announced a feed-in tariff for grid-connected renewable energy. Rural electrification does not generate local jobs - except those jobs created for the implementation of the electrification schemes. This was confirmed by the Socio-Economic Surveys undertaken by the DoE. Rural economic development needs more than just household electrification. Constraints on the availability of energy and its affordability affect economic development, especially in rural areas. Modern energy services promote economic development by enhancing the productivity of labour and capital.