A similar programme has been implemented in South Africa, where 63% of beneficiaries were women (the quota was 40%). In Turkey an “employment subsidy” programme (social security payments are eliminated for the first few years for newly hired women) has also helped create jobs for w'omen and raise female labour force participation from 30% to over 40%. In 2012 more than half of the 50 million beneficiaries were female with broadly equal wages with men, but much higher than in private rural employment.