This will demand a fundamental shift in the way policies are developed and implemented. Chapter 2 considers relevant targets under each of these SDGs and, where possible, quantifies these contributions using agreed SDG indicators or other suitable metrics. It also identifies data gaps and areas where further work is needed to improve understanding of physical, biological and socio-economic relationships or interlinkages. Chapter 3 summarizes eight country case studies to illustrate ways in which national forest policies and programmes can potentially contribute to the SDGs. This chapter also outlines key findings and suggests a number of policies for what needs to be done to move forward. Nearly 160 million of these are in Africa, around 85 million in Asia and about 8 million in Latin America.