Furthermore, research institutes - in particular VTT, which could play an important role in more long-term and strategic R&D for the business sector - have been hit particularly hard by the combination of cuts in basic funding for public research institutes (PRIs), a hard reduction in funding from Nokia (which added to the cuts in funding to Tekes, which has lowered both the direct funding the institutes receive from Tekes and revenue from large companies who often used Tekes funding to procure projects). However, there has been a rapid contraction in the wake of the ongoing industrial restructuring, from 2.3% in 2013 to 2.12% in 2015. At the same time, Finland show's one of the low'est shares of government funding of BERD in the OECD.