Thailand’s government expenditure on pre-primary education as a percentage of GDP has increased significantly in recent years, to reach 0.32% in 2012. Only New Zealand and Viet Nam spend considerably more on pre-primary education as a percentage of GDP (UNESCO, 2015). Data for Australia, Korea and Malaysia are from 2011. In 2012, Thailand’s funding per primary student was 29.4% of per capita GDP, compared to 15.4% in Malaysia (as of 2011) and 11.2% in Singapore (Figure 2.4).