On average, health care and education services account for 5 to 6 percentage points each. The remaining 2% are made up mainly of childcare and elderly care services, the latter being particularly important in the Nordic countries, Australia, and Japan where they exceed 1% of GDP. Countries such as Mexico, Korea, Iceland and Canada spend much more on services than on cash transfers while many EU countries, especially Austria, Italy and Poland, have a far stronger focus on cash transfers. In a first analysis, OECD (2008a) found for a year around 2000 that education, health care and social housing significantly lowered income inequality in 17 OECD countries.