In the United States this is largely explained by the failure of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) to keep pace with inflation and earnings. However, a second reason for lower NRRs among this group is that increased inwork support in the form of the EITC has largely benefited families with children. Exceptions are Italy (where the long-term unemployed already had little or no cash support in the baseline year), and the United Kingdom (where families without any other incomes receive effectively the same support under UI and UA).