The first is a shift to longer periods on grass before going to the feedlot. The second is a growing focus on better genetics and better animal health to ensure that cattle make optimal use of feed. These changes suggest that there should be price premiums for heavier calves that can be certified as being in good health and having good genetics. Conversely price discounts are likely to increase for light weight calves with uncertain records. To gain better prices there will have to be improvements in both pasture and cattle management.