This article considers the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the former European Commission of Human Rights in respect of human rights complaints, brought under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), about issues relating to the possession, production or distribution of materials classified as pornographic or obscene. Through a critical examination of ECHR jurisprudence relating to three rights – the right to freedom of expression, the right to respect for private life, and the right to be free from degrading treatment – the article focuses specifically on how the Strasbourg organs have shaped human rights relating to adult pornography in Europe. The article concludes by suggesting ways in which ECHR jurisprudence might be evolved to further enhance human rights protection in the future.