They then transmitted these new norms to their home community and non-migrant women used them to create new versions of womanhood. Women who migrate tend to model their behaviour on women in destination countries, which proved to have positive effects on reducing violence against women in Moldova for example, as women tolerate it less from their partners (Peleah, 2007). Migration can challenge traditional gender roles when the absence of one spouse leaves the other one with both greater decision-making power and burden of responsibility and labour (Jolly and Reeves, 2005).