Spatial approaches can in particular help address local externalities. Five countries (Estonia, France, Korea, Slovak Republic and Mexico) and four regions (Almonte-Marismas in Spain, and NHPA, SHPA and MPW in the United States) use groundwater entitlement acquisition for conservation purposes. In Japan, Korea and the United States, for instance, there are programs whose objectives is the conservation of wetlands while reinforcing the groundwater recharge capacity of agriculture, including paddy rice system (OECD, 2010b).