An alternative scenario held public expenditures to match the expected increase in GDP, plus additional costs associated with population aging. Any increase above that level would then be financed by co-payments. Under this scenario, the share of health care funded by copayment would increase from 5% in 2010 to 30% in 2015 and public health expenditure would rise a bit more slowly, to exceed 9.5% of GDP in 2015 (Besseling et al.,