This chapter explores the possibilities of plurilingualism, a fundamental concept in European-language education policy, for promoting equality and social cohesion in Myanmar’s divided society. The current situation is examined in light of the country’s history of ethnic and religious conflict, before the literature concerning peacebuilding, rectifying inequality and plurilingualism is reviewed to formulate a conceptual framework for social transformation that might bridge the various divides. Then, the possibility of plurilingual education is discussed, in the hope that such an attempt might lay a foundation for pluralist democracy and sustainable peace, through the realization of a harmonized Myanmar.