The importance of long-term habitat isolation has also been shown for fungi and lichens on forest remnants in Northern Sweden, where the newly isolated forest remnants had higher species richness for lichens but not for wood-dwelling fungi compared to long-isolated forest remnants [Berglund & Jonsson 2004), indicating that lichens on newly isolated forest remnants may suffer future local extinctions whereas the fungi seem to have already adapted to the recent isolation. Hence, the landscape distribution of key habitat elements and the history of forest exploitation, as well as the amounts of such habitat elements, are important determinants for the long-term survival of forest biodiversity. However, the value of the forest for biodiversity also varies with site-specific factors linked to climate, productivity or specific terrain or substrate features.