The phenomenon of IS will continue to grow in the short to medium term. Part of the reason for this relates to the fact that the reformation of Islam has largely stalled on account of the fight back from more conservative clerics. Demographic and environmental variables are also serving to fuel religious fundamentalism globally. Given the austerity measures adopted by many Western countries, security forces are not properly resourced to take on the challenge posed by these global jihadis. As a result, European security officials pessimistically believe that it is only a matter of time when terrorism once again strikes their cities. The IS franchise is going global with 17 regional affiliates and 60 sleeper cells around the world.