Turkey and the Russian Federation display high shares of employees in strained jobs. While not presented here, the decomposition of job demands suggests that strong time pressure is an important work stressor. Hence, using very long hours as a proxy is a reasonable option for measuring the quality of working environment in emerging economies, where information on working conditions is often scarce and limited in scope41. Turkey, Colombia, Indonesia and India perform rather poorly when the quality of working environment is proxied by the incidence of working more than 60 hours a week (Figure 7, Panel B).