The OECD and EU28 (i.e. European Union) aggregates refer to the unweighted averages of those countries that have minimum wage policy and are included in the chart. When taking up a job, a significant portion of these new earnings can be "taxed away” through reductions in benefit entitlements combined with imposition of income taxes. These participation tax rates, which are calculated by the OECD for many countries, are significantly below the OECD average in Portugal.