For example, in the Arctic, where rises in temperature are most noticeable, there are some 400,000 indigenous peoples, which include the Sami of northern Norway, Finland, Sweden and the Russian Federation, for whom herding reindeer is a way of life. The Sami people had observed signs of climate change as early as the mid-1980s, when winter rainfall increased. Higher temperatures and increased rainfall began to make it difficult for reindeer to reach the lichen that they consume.