The programme should be expanded to cover all districts and strengthened through the provision of better equipment, in particular transportation and communication means and modern devices for land mapping, and through improved human capacities. In addition, land registration costs remain relatively high for smallholders, in particular due to the cost of land mapping. The project initiated by the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional, BPN) to conduct land certification free of charge could be scaled up to reach a larger number of smallholders and be jointly financed by the central and local governments. The land tenure system should be simplified and the respective responsibilities of the National Land Agency, the Ministry of Forestry, and the Ministry of Mining over land management clarified to enhance land market transparency and efficiency, thereby reducing the cost of doing business. Land classified as ‘forest land’ could be reviewed to eliminate the grey area between land classified as forest and agricultural land and to better match with existing forest areas.