This holds for arrangements to protect industries and regulation of processes and products, as well as for arrangements regarding intellectual property in relation to environmental goods and services and technology development (see also Vos, this volume). As we saw, land policies and large-scale commercial land deals relate to climate change, internationally, new codes must be developed and applied (such as the 2009 Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa as endorsed by the African Union). Setting quantitative limits on emissions is a potentially effective way of keeping economic growth within safe environmental boundaries— more so than open ended and voluntary agreements.