However, the data contains many missing values compared with the aforementioned dataset. The elasticities used in this study are lower because developed countries have been redirected away from farm productivity toward other concerns, such as the environmental effects of agriculture, food safety and other aspects of food quality, and the medical, energy, and industrial uses of agricultural commodities (Pardey et al., As a consequence, the additional cost will be larger in OECD countries even if the impacts of climate change are the same.