In this case, alternative risk mitigation structures may be necessary on the public side. Innovation management is not limited to efforts seeking to reconfigure the provision of mobility services, it is something public agencies are facing across a broad spectrum of fields including broadband access, water services and housing, for instance. In these instances, it may be worthwhile to think about alternative structures that enable sustainable risk-taking in public governance. These firms invest in a broad range of potential new businesses with the expectation that many will fail -sometimes quickly, lessons will be learnt and incorporated into new business models and eventually, a sufficient number of ideas take hold and generate adequate returns to sustain and grow the overall portfolio value.