The planned phased introduction of Universal Credit is helpful in mitigating these risks, and should be combined with sound contingency plans and transparent information for users (Finn and Tarr, 2012). Recent research examining a large number of ALMP programmes in a large sample of OECD and non-OECD countries suggests that job search assistance combined with sanctions for non-compliance with programme requirements and subsidised employment in the private sector can be effective in increasing participants’ employment prospects. Public sector employment programmes are generally less effective, although the United Kingdom’s Future Jobs Fund, a largely public and voluntary sector employment programme, shows a positive impact on unsubsidised employment (DWP, 2012).