In addition, when analysing hypothetical accidents, countermeasures effectively taken to mitigate radiation exposure have a strong impact on the total dose received by the population and therefore add further uncertainty on the a priori estimates (for example, effective evacuation minimised the collective dose after the Fukushima Daiichi accident in comparison with the Chernobyl event). While radiological effects are generally characterised as cancers and leukaemia, recent focus has been on the psychological effects caused directly or indirectly by the accident and by radiological protection choices. Dealing with these effects has a strong subjective component, including the establishment of scope and boundaries for the analysis.