In states like Puebla, Morales and Veracruz, where women hold less than 30% of seats in the local congress, there is not yet any provision for sanctions for non-compliance.6 Although quotas have proven to be effective at the state level in boosting women’s representation in elected bodies, parties in some states continue to disagree and argue that greater female participation in elected positions flouts party rights. In such cases, a party usually nominates female candidates in districts w'here it has little chance of winning. In that way, it is actually meeting the gender quota. Chief among them are negative attitudes to female politicians, political harassment and violence, and norms and values which consider that unpaid caregiving and housework is women’s work. A survey in 2008 found that 64% of women believed that the sexual harassment of female political office holders indeed took place, while 23% claimed they had been sexually harassed in their work as legislators (Cerva Cema, 2014).