These methods included questionnaires, direct in-field measurements and interviews. Since we carried out case studies in four different countries, for seven different products, and used three types of methods, the number of case studies was 35 in total (Table 1). Note 2: The study results are presented in a combined national study report. The side flow ranged from 13% to 31%, and most of this side flow occurs after harvest, e.g. when sorting and storing carrots.