This is because, except for flash floods, these hazards can be predicted fairly accurately - making it possible to evacuate people and reduce damage to property and livelihoods.34 The benefits can be lower from tsunamis which, although they can be very destructive occur less frequently. Instead, the report suggests addressing practical needs - such as estimating and calibrating models, carrying out hazard analysis, digitizing past data and improving data from ground observations. Multiple partners can coordinate their investments and thus reduce the risk of duplication. One example, established after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, is the ESCAP Multi-donor Trust Fund for Tsunami, Disaster and Climate Preparedness (Box III-4), which applies a regional approach focused on South-South cooperation. By the end of 2013, GFDRRs global portfolio consisted of 226 grants worth $156 million.37 This included 45 grants worth $34.8 million in East Asia and the Pacific, and 30 grants financed with $13.6 million in commitments in South Asia.