Eco-, phyto- and bioremediation are concepts that use ecosystem restoration to reinstate a diverse system of plant communities in a particular ecosystem so that its buffering or remediation capacities are enhanced. Other concepts, tools and approaches partly related to NBS include ecological restoration, ecological engineering, forest landscape restoration, green or natural infrastructure, ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate adaptation ecosystem services (Cohen-Shacham et al., N BS also support the concepts of green growth or green economy, which promote sustainable natural resource use and harness natural processes to underpin economies. The Natural Capital Protocol3 is being increasingly recognized by a wide range of stakeholders, including business, and supports the use of N BS by highlighting the flow of benefits that can be derived from using nature.