At the same time, national policies for employment and training policies are more effective when they draw on local knowledge to match skills development with job opportunities and are adapted to the local labour market conditions (OECD, 2014c). Local governments play an essential role in, among other things, enhancing and sustaining skill formation, job creation and supporting transitions throughout the life cycle by building comprehensive local career information and well-articulated training to employment pathways (OECD, 2016b). Moreover, city governments are well-positioned to support partnerships with educational institutions, businesses located in their jurisdictions, trade unions and civil society towards better integrated policies and training programmes.