Convergence in intensity of labour market participation: this scenario accounts for the difference in usual working hours between the genders and assumes that the male participation rate remains constant at its 2010 level, while the female full-time equivalent participation rate (see notes to Figure 1.2) increases to equal the full-time equivalent rate for men by 2030. Educational attainment is expressed as years of schooling completed (Barro and Lee, 2010), which, however is a weak proxy of the progress in the quality of educational attainment as measured by the OECD Education Database. Nevertheless, even with this minimum-level indicator, the importance of greater gender balance in educational attainment is confirmed. This remarkable transformation is related, among other things, to the introduction in the 1960s of a sharp policy focus on investment in education and family-planning policies to curb birth rates, which fell from six children per woman in 1960 to 1.15 in 2009.