Objective:  this article is intended to expose the present situation of sexual violence in Colombia from the perspective of a gender-based public health approach.   Methods:  identifying, compiling and t he documentary analysis of a set of studies carried out in Colombia 1993–2006 and other sources concerning sexual violence and public health in this country. The studies were selected through reviewing electronic databases and library catalogues.   Results:  this article displays some concepts about sexual violence and women’s rights, it characterises the problem amongst Colombian children and women. It discusses current public policy in Colombia regarding this issue and targets some critical areas for future action.   Conclusions:  the above is aimed at encouraging ref lection, investigation, analysis and inter– disciplinary, effective and sensitive action regarding related gender matters. Although this issue is of the utmost importance, it has lagged behind in the midst of the complex panorama of public health in Colombia.