In the Argentinian scheme, for example, payments represented approximately 75 per cent of the monthly minimum wage up to 2002 but this gradually decreased to 10 per cent by 2010 as minimum wage levels were raised in subsequent years.78 Benefit adequacy was also a major issue in the first phase of South Africa's EPWP. There was no specified minimum wage and stipends varied widely across regions and sectors, with payments in the social programmes being especially low. In 2008/2009, the average rate for social sector work, where women dominate, was R43 (US$5.8) per day compared to R78 ($9.6) in the more traditional infrastructure components where men dominate.79 In the second phase of the programme, a minimum wage of R60 per day was introduced to address the low and varying benefit levels. This was also inflation-adjusted on an annual basis, reaching R66.34 ($6.9) in mid-2013. Public works programmes that only offer physically demanding work are also likely to exclude some women or put them at a disadvantage where wages are linked to workload. Social service work opportunities offered by the programme include care of young children and home-based care for people living with HIV.