Finally, access to well designed and reliable transport systems can lower congestion and reduce operating costs for firms and commuting times. Most carbon emissions in urban areas in China come from industrial use including power generation and in selected cities such emissions are high compared to cities in other countries (Sugar et al., However, the density of Chinese cities has helped limit carbon emissions from non-industrial sources, including transport. As noted in Chapter 1, as urbanisation continues density in Chinese cities has remained high by international standards.