These programmes aim to foster the recovery and long-term conservation of priority species, that is, those endemic to Mexico, rare, threatened,12 with high ecological value or of strategic importance as keystone species, or with a high level of social, cultural, scientific or economic interest. Between 2007 and 2012, 27 PACEs were published and implemented. The species covered include jaguar, several eagle species, vaquita, scarlet macaw, Mexican grey wolf, grey whale, manatee and Baird’s tapir.