However, expanding economic activity, population growth and rising living standards are increasing the need for energy, food, minerals and other resources, amplifying environmental pressures in both rural and urban areas. Based on indicators from national and international sources, the chapter reviews progress against national policy goals as well as international commitments and targets, focusing on the period since 2000. To the extent possible, it compares the state of the environment and key environmental trends with those of OECD member countries and the other emerging economies in the BRIICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa).