The country’s size results in relatively low average population density, but the population is highly concentrated along the coast. Almost 5 million Brazilians live in traditional or indigenous communities that practice extractive activities of non-timber forest products, small-scale agriculture, hunting or fishing (Fundaj, 2014). These include traffic congestion, air pollution, waste volumes that exceed the capacity for adequate treatment and disposal, and polluted water sources due to insufficient sanitation and wastewater treatment infrastructure.