As these activities increase, risks to marine and coastal ecosystems will also increase. To this end, the management of chemicals and waste (Target 12.4) will be critical and it is important that countries honour treaties related to marine pollution (see Goal 12). The IAEG-SDGs proposed 14 indicators to monitor this goal, of which three are Tier 1 indicators (see Appendix 2.1). Given the breadth of targets and the limited relevant Tier 1 indicators to cover them, an overall assessment for Goal 15 is not possible.