As evidence of this success, the research has subsequently fed into the development of Tonga’s new draft curriculum framework which emphasises sustainability with a strong cultural element, reflecting a positive step in aligning ESD within the formal sector with local culture and values. While some of the work may be taken up by donor-supported projects such as SLEP, such work is often restricted by programme frameworks. Universities, and to a lesser extent private sector and civil society organisations, have a key role to play in responding to the need for high quality research on ESD. While there are strong examples of scholarship on ESD from all three of the focus regions, reports regularly highlight the need for more work in this area (see Collins-Figueroa et al.