This trend can be seen for instance in Australia where the 1991 Fisheries Management Act mandates management effectiveness and cost efficiency as explicit objectives for the Australian Fisheries Management Authority. Both groups value the stock, but the conservationists will place a much lower value on the harvest, if any at all. Boyce (2000) showed that this had implications for their respective acceptance of regulation. In view of the low levels of current stocks and the impact of fisheries on the environment, the effectiveness of conservation groups in terms of political influence and affecting bargaining outcomes is open to debate. The groups are no doubt gaining public support and enjoying some policy gains.