It is worth noting that during the “Arab Spring” of 2011 and other anti-government protests in Africa, joblessness was a key issue in bringing youths onto the streets. Similarly, a World Bank (2011) report notes that half of the young people who join a dissident movement cite unemployment as the main reason for doing so. For developing countries, employment elasticities should be around 0.7, and for some African countries even higher, given the rapid rise in labour force growth (Martins, 2013: Khan, 2007).