Unsurprisingly, for people above 65, they accounted for the bulk (more than 90%) of total transfers received, but for working-age people, their share was also large: 37% for the OECD average but around 80% in Italy and 60% in Poland.8 Old-age pensions can be sub-divided into three tiers (OECD, 2011c). The first two tiers are mandatory whereas the third is voluntary. The first tier has a redistributive function and is publicly provided.