This disaggregate analysis highlights the heterogeneity across countries in relation to the role of the scale and intensity effects of emissions due to manufacturing activities. For instance, Figure 3.9 reports that the C02 emission per unit of real value added of many industries tends to decrease when income rises. The industries rubber and plastic, precision instruments, furniture as well as basic metals and chemicals emit high C02 emissions when active in countries at a low stage of development. However, some industries such as food and beverages and textile and wearing apparel exhibit a fairly robust emission pattern without a significant reduction as income rises. Nevertheless, while manufacturing as a whole tends to improve C02 emission intensity, the total growth of emissions could still increase substantially, especially in the middle-income stages due to an increase in output volume (Figure 3.8). The production process within a specific firm involves certain stages in which green technology can, for instance, be implemented to reduce negative emissions.