These should be stated at an operational level, so as to be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound (SMART), accompanying indicators should be identified that will enable the eventual assessment of whether the objectives are being met. While studies evaluating the costs and benefits of MPAs do exist, in general economic valuation is not yet widespread and is not being used to help inform the design and implementation of MPAs. Siting of MPAs needs to be undertaken in a more strategic manner, to enhance the environmental as well as cost effectiveness of MPAs.