The culture of energy monitoring and submetering in energy-intensive firms also lessened the incidence of split incentives. With energy consumption closely monitored, associated costs can be more easily assigned to the appropriate departments. The Swedish pulp and paper industry found lack of accountability for energy costs to be the least important barrier to energy efficiency, largely because of technically competent staff and the use of sub-metering to allocate energy costs to departments (Thollander and Ottosson 2008). Like pulp and paper, the foundry industry in Sweden is energy-intensive. It is also more electricity-intensive than other European foundries because of tight environmental controls that motivated a switch to electric furnaces — enabled by the low electricity prices before the market was liberalized.