Poverty rates are extremely high - 55 per cent of the population was identified as living in poverty in 2006." And wealth concentration is associated with land ownership, a legacy of highly unequal systems of land appropriation and allocation that contributed to Guatemala’s 36-year civil war, which ended in 1996 (Wittman and Saldlvar-Tanaka 2006). On the growth side, the results illustrated in Figure 2-1A, where Guatemala is classified as exhibiting the 'caring spirits’ that are associated with wage-led growth, are a testament to this feature.