To be run on electricity, over 90% of which is produced through non-polluting hydroelectric means, it will hugely reduce both the carbon intensity of bulk transport compared to trucks, and local air pollution. And the railway will be inclusive - offering transport and market access to growing numbers of people, with potential to grow trade in natural resource products, and to create business opportunities for many Ethiopian companies and employment opportunities for both skilled and unskilled workers in rural and urban areas. Finally, the railway sector has demonstrated wider linkages, upstream and downstream of its construction, and ‘horizontally’ across sectors and locations.