In fact, there is a disincentive for the municipality to strongly advocate for its priorities. This puts municipal planning in a passive role, and in the worst case, can undermine the municipality’s autonomy and credibility for planning with citizens and businesses. Antofagasta will have to continue working within these constraints moving forward. While it cannot change the frameworks, it can be more strategic in what it implements, take a better approach to prioritising its initiatives, identify strong mechanisms by which to advocate priorities and build multi-stakeholder interest and support for its programming.