One step further down the trophic level, those herrings would have eaten 1 000 kg of animal plankton which in turn would have consumed about 10 000 kg of phytoplankton, generated by 500 kilojoules of sunrays. Machine-to-machine communication, highly sophisticated sensors, data analytics and artificial intelligence are set to bring about quite transformative changes in both products and processes. Improvements in the use and management of energy and natural resources, creation of new markets and new value chains, changes in global trade patterns and shifts in international competitiveness, will all flow from progress in ICT. Those, in turn, are set to be driven increasingly by convergence in various information and communication technologies - the Internet of Things - and by convergence with other emerging technologies such as nano- and biotechnology.