Preparation is critical to anticipate the intensity, frequency and extent of environmental hazards, as well as to identify vulnerable urban population groups, assets and infrastructure. A VRA and asset inventory would provide such information and provide a basis to manage and limit damage, while also considering the cost and time required to recover from a natural disaster, among other factors. Bandung’s approach to hazard assessment could expand upon that of other Southeast Asian cities such as Cebu (Box 2.1).