Grants to support access to homeownership consisted of one-off transfers to households for the purchase of a house whereas financial assistance to home-buyers consisted of subsidized mortgages, down-payment assistance or mortgage guarantees provided by the government. Grants were relatively important policy instruments in Chile and Luxemburg, which spend roughly 0.3% of GDP on these gi ants. Financial assistance is especially prominent in Norway (0.2% of GDP), in Australia (at least 0.7% of GDP) and in the United Kingdom (0.6% of GDP).