It takes a broad international perspective, but with a particular focus on developing countries, spotlighting recent developments and best practices. The chapter is divided into six sections: Section 2 addresses the changing technology and market environment, Section 3 discusses the expanding scope of public policy, Section 4 discusses the evolving role of regulators, Section 5 then proposes the shape of fourth-generation regulation, and Section 6 then points the way for next steps and best practices. This section addresses the current changing environment in terms of technology, networks, suppliers and consumer services.