It is expected that findings from this OECD report will contribute to future debates on the topic, building on the fruitful exchanges and dialogue with the representatives from the CNRH and the CTCOB during the seminars held by the OECD delegation and the ANA in Brazil in September 2016, February 2017 and June 2017. Clearly, charging does not privatise the use of water that is an inalienable public domain good (Bronzatto and Amorim, 2012). The Water Law implies that water is a good belonging to the public domain and a limited natural resource endowed with economic value (art. The logics behind is that water is a scarce good (economically scarce in relative terms) by definition, reflecting both water depletion due to anthropogenic and natural causes, as well as multiple, alternative competitive uses, respectively in water scarce and water abundant contexts.