In contrast, concessional finance towards technology is stable following a decline between 2010 and 2012. Still, technology-oriented concessional finance is scarce, representing only one-third of the amount spent on research and innovation and less than 2 % of total concessional finance. While nonconcessional and private finance represents a large share of total support towards ICTs and other technologies, greater international efforts using concessional finance could further support people’s access to ICTs and improving digital skills. However, there are wide discrepancies across countries with core research activities representing one-quarter or more of total STI resources in Ethiopia and India, but less than 5% in Indonesia and Pakistan. In Ethiopia, Kenya, and Pakistan support towards ICTs represents less than 1% of total support to STI, while more than 10% of STI resources are targeting ICT development in Indonesia and Tanzania. The sum of the two charts will exceed total support to STI because of activities contributing to both science/innovation and technology.