The aim of the present paper is to examine the relationship among participation in voluntary association, socio-economic position, and gender. Based upon a nationally representative sample in Japan in 2005 (N = 2,827), we classify a variety of voluntary organizations in terms of membership through which social integration/cohesion and social exclusion operate among different groups – such as social class, education, age, and gender. Correspondence analysis of voluntary participation data revealed that membership is differenciated by gender. It was confirmed that the distinction between old and new organizations seems to be valid in the Japanese context. The implications of the results are also discussed in terms of gender inequality and segregation not only in the economic arena but also in the society as a whole.