Some countries have government-mandated quotas for the number of women on boards, on the basis that this is the only way of increasing participation. Others have judged that the quota system is not appropriate and that initiatives of some other type are required. Examples of such initiatives include a requirement for listed firms to publish a board diversity policy, the creation of processes for recruiting women with managerial skills, increased training, education and mentoring for women, and advertising and promotion of these positions (Deloitte, 2011).