Indeed, several countries have already established adaptation plans or strategies aiming to mainstream adaptation -independent of requests in the UNFCCC framework. For example, in 2009, Caribbean Community (CARICOM) members established a regional adaptation strategy that aimed to mainstream adaptation into development strategies (CCCCC, 2009). More recently (2011-13), several countries (e.g. Cambodia, Mozambique, Samoa, Tonga, Zambia) have developed a “strategic plan for climate resilience” in the context of the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience, PPCR (CIF n.d.).