Six countries in the region reuse over 10 m3/c/yr of wastewater, namely: Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, which reuse over 50 m3/c/yr, and Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Syrian Arab Republic, which reuse 20-40 m3/c/yr of wastewater.3 The treatment of wastewater for reuse has therefore become a mainstay of national water resource management plans in most countries in the ESCWA region. The runoff is reused by diluting it in large surface water bodies in order to provide more water to downstream cropping systems and users. With the exception of Egypt and the Syrian Arab Republic, agricultural runoff is not used significantly by countries in the region. In Egypt, almost 100 m3/c/yr of agricultural runoff is mixed with water from the Nile and reused.