In Canada, Career Bridge3 is a national internship programme run by the Toronto-based non-profit Career Edge Organization and designed to address the dilemma of getting a job for those without work experience. The 4- to 12-month internships for skilled immigrants are paid positions that provide a crucial bridge between the international and Canadian workplace. In Finland, pre-vocational preparatory education for immigrants, known as VALMA,4 seeks to help immigrants improve language skills and other abilities that are needed for studying, according to individual study plans.