Such a desired shift would also be particularly important for limiting the pressure on the collection of teresken (Ceratoides papposa) dwarf shrubs in the eastern part of Tajikistan, for use as either fuel or forage. Intensive teresken collection, combined with extensive livestock herding, has reportedly led to the species’ disappearance in some regions of the Pamir mountain range. The majority of the rural population (up to 70 per cent, or some 5-6 million inhabitants) still relies on firewood as the main and most available fuel.