The chapter gives an account and analysis of the development of the theoretical use of the concept of “security”, from a rather narrow, state-centric and militarised one of national security, via one focusing on national and other identities, i.e. societal security, to a much wider concept, including concerns for human rights, development, gender issues, etc., labelled human security. This theoretical analysis is followed by an illustration of how the different forms of security are interlinked, i.e. how national, societal and human security problems relate to each other in the Middle East, particularly in the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.