Where local jobs are lacking, investments in connective infrastructure specific to the food system - such as warehousing, cold storage, and wholesale markets - can generate employment in both agriculture and the non-farm economy. Where rural people are attracted by more prosperous conditions in urban centres, investments in "agglomeration" services (such as education, health, communication and leisure facilities) in small cities and towns in proximity to rural areas can curb rates of out-migration to overburdened larger cities. This growth also creates more opportunities in urban areas not too far removed from rural areas, thus providing options for both permanent and circular migration that are closer to the place of origin and less costly for rural populations.