The right to judicial protection in criminal proceedings, in Austria, is anchored in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The ECHR is directly applicable as a national constitutional law. Therefore, there is a comprehensive guarantee to judicial protection and to access to a national criminal court in purely national and also in matters of transnational criminal proceedings. Both relevant legal acts (below Sect. 2.1.2) dealing with matters of transnational criminal proceedings ensure, in principle, a procedure with two instances. The institutional and procedural framework of these proceedings will be described more precisely in the following.