Participation rates for the unemployed and those who are out of the labour force are significantly lower than those who are employed (Figure 5.3). Workers in small and medium-sized enterprises in Hungary, Poland, Portugal and Spain are particularly under-represented in continuing training (OECD, 2005). On average among the 22 OECD countries in PIAAC 2012 (Figure 5.3), only 30% of adults aged 25-65 at Level 1 and below in literacy had participated in some form of adult education and training in the previous 12 months, compared to 51% among the rest of the population. Although over 40% of adults with a low level of literacy proficiency in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands reported participation in adult education, the figures are still below that of the overall population.