The issue of trade in waste and scrap as a part of the discussion on the transition tow'ards a circular economy is extremely complex and merits further investigation. The substitution of primary' raw materials by secondary raw materials w'ould encourage decoupling by decreasing demand for primary materials while sustaining levels of economic growth. Since natural resources are geographically unequally concentrated, trade implications are significant in the worldwide distribution of primary raw materials (WTO, 2010).