Achieving effective fisheries management and sustainable fisheries will require making progress in both areas. The management system can address the negative effects of certain subsidies (e.g. setting a total allowable catch and allocating individual transferable quotas limits overfishing and excessive capital investment), but only when it is effective, enforced and provides the right incentive to fishers to operate at an optimal level of capital investment and effort. Subsidies in turn can put pressure on the management system by giving incentives to increase desired effort above allowed levels, encouraging both IUU fishing and lobbying to increase allowed effort.