These are the AfT initiative, which, as discussed below, has delivered tangible development outcomes in a number of countries, and regionalism, which could offer enhanced market access opportunities, especially to landlocked countries, if pursued strategically and with greater policy zeal. The AfT initiative was launched at the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference of December 2005 with the stated objective of helping developing countries build the trade capacity and infrastructure needed to benefit from trade opening. The IPoA explicitly refers to AfT in paragraph 66(2)(e) when it calls on development partners to devote a larger share of AfT resources to ‘implement effective trade-related technical assistance and capacity-building’ in LDCs.