The publication was prepared by Rory Keane and Margarete Jacob within the OECD Secretariat. It examines how to support the creation of security and justice institutions that are representative, accountable, rights-respecting and responsive to the specific security and justice needs of women, men, boys and girls. However, in many countries SSR policies and programming currently fail to involve both women and men in decisionmaking processes and do not adequately address gender dynamics in understanding issues - such as domestic violence or small arms violence.