Africa's SEZs are underperforming, however, against those in Asia and Latin America. While they have made major improvements in infrastructure, supply chain access and human capital compared with the surrounding environment, these improvements are often not at the level needed to out-compete other countries for investment (Farole, 2011). Farole’s review of SEZs in Africa has many findings, in particular that “Location and market size matter. Zones with proximate access to large consumer markets, suppliers and labor tend to be more successful” (2011, p. 4). This highlights the importance of components of agglomeration economies and spatial considerations for industrial success.