This can be explained by rising demand for housing that cannot be satisfied. In the case of indigenous people, the relative deprivation gap increased from 1.7 to 1.8 times the national level between 2006 and 2010, while the ratio for the Afro-Ecuadorian population decreased from 1.3 to 1.1 over the same period. The first identifies whether individuals have health insurance (public or private), and they are defined as deprived if they have none.