China is expected to overtake the United States as the world’s largest oil-consuming country by 2030, whereas South-East Asia will gradually transition from being a net exporter of oil into being a net importer. Furthermore, India will play an increasingly dominant role in the international energy scene. According to IEA projections, India is expected to overtake the United States as the world’s second-biggest coal consumer before 2020, and soon after to surpass China as the world’s largest importer of coal. China, India, Indonesia and Australia are expected collectively to account for over 70 per cent of global coal output by 2040.' The focus has changed significantly from the concerns of the 1960s and 1970s, when it was largely the perspective of OECD oil importers about ensuring a stable supply of cheap oil under threats of embargoes'5 and price manipulations by exporters.20 Later, with lessons learned from the realm of health care, the scope of energy security widened to include four criteria: availability, affordability, accessibility and acceptability. The World Bank Group refers to three pillars of energy security: energy efficiency, diversification of supply and minimization of price volatility.