They are reported at the school level, benchmarked against national and municipal averages, and adjusted for student characteristics, for school management and improvement. There is wide scope for improvement in the use of Lithuania’s well-developed assessment resources, including expanded use by school leaders and teachers for the purpose of improving school management and instructional practices, and by authorities outside of schools who are responsible for external quality assurance. Lithuania has established effective universal participation in a criterion-referenced national assessment in grades 4, 6, and 8. It should now conclude its use of the National Survey of Student Achievement, incorporating into its assessment sy stem those components of the National Survey, such as teacher and student questionnaires, that provide information judged to be valuable by teachers, school heads, and other stakeholders.