In the next chapter, we test and illustrate this approach on three in-depth case studies, and a number of other case studies from the Nordic countries. The Convention's article 5, emphasises an obligation to ensure the participation of the public in the definition and implementation of landscape policies, and requires the parties to the Convention to establish necessary procedures to achieve this. Hence, people's preferences for landscape experiences need to count (more) in policy processes with significant landscape impacts. Landscapes exist not only as physical entities that are the source of direct sensory experience, but also as cultural constructs with symbolic meanings for certain people.