This offers a partial explanation for the modest development of childcare policies in Germany. About 30% of low-income families using centre-based care, and 16% using an in-home care centre for a child under age six, receive subsidies. The percentage of middle-income families receiving subsidies is negligible - about 3% for an in-home care centre. There are federal tax policies, however, that tend to benefit middle-income and professional-managerial families.