In this case, for example, the ‘routine monitoring’ and ‘risk assessment’ components correspond to the ‘pre-disaster’ right time period of Figure IV-14. While the ‘Emergency monitoring’ and ‘Damage assessment’ components correspond to the ‘during’period. Pre-disaster products, for example, cover applications for providing advice and sending messages through mobile phones and other devices. It is important therefore that they are grounded within resilient infrastructure such that they can absorb shocks and maintain services when faced with limited connectivity or increased volume of traffic.