The symbol * denotes countries with a priority recommendation on reducing producer support to agriculture. Data on PSE for individual EU countries is not available. Fossil fuel subsidies encourage wasteful use of energy, blur market signals and undermine the competitiveness of fuel efficient or cleaner technologies, for instance of renewable energy (IEA, OPEC, OECD and World Bank, 2011). Reforms of land planning and zoning laws and building permit procedures are likely to result in changes in the use of land and in transport patterns and various related environmental impacts such as on pollution, GHG emissions or biodiversity. To the extent they reduce the amount of land devoted to “nature”, these are likely to be negative, but the overall effect will depend on how environmental considerations are taken into account in planning procedures, transport policies, policies addressing urban sprawl and building codes.