One of the most prominent and haunting cultural phenomena in our times is 'fundamentalism'. Its prominence, complexity and negative impacts render fundamentalism worth revisiting. Beyond its definitions, forms and enigmas, the existence of fundamentalism compels us to reflect on some significant aspects of our age. I assume that fundamentalism is not a throwback to a tradition, but that it is in a dialectic relationship with modernity. I stress, therefore, the points of convergence between fundamentalism and modernity. The overlapping paradigms of fundamentalism and modernity are explored through a socio-cultural and philosophical approach. Through an elaboration of the function of fundamentalism as a cultural opposition, the paper concludes with a postmodernist approach toward a new sensibility for 'difference and diversity'.