The new Forest Code, which was adopted by the Turkmen Parliament in April 2011 and came into force in July 2011, defines the responsibilities of State bodies in terms of forestry and forest management. This will provide an important basis and a good start for better coordination of works and activities aimed at sustainable forest management, if training and capacity-building is consistent with the requirements of the new Forest Code. Forest management in the mountains has mainly taken the form of planting pistachio trees over a total area of over 35,000 ha.