Indeed, compared to the HDI, several developing countries, such as Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador, advance considerably (by 16 or more places) up the “human sustainable development index” when carbon emissions are factored in.6 Some richer countries, notably the United States and Canada, fall significantly. The success of the eco-social turn depends on whether a social and political perspective can be adopted in policy responses to environmental degradation and climate change. Section 3 analyses the social dimensions of green economy approaches and highlights the need to adopt an eco-social lens in order to ensure that economies are not only green but also equitable and inclusive.