Specifically, Goal 11 recognizes the role cities play in climate change through several targets including Targets 11.2,11.5,11.b, 11.C. Latest data indicates that cities are major contributors to climate change as they account for between 60 and 80% of energy consumption and generate more than 70% of all greenhouse gases emissions, waste and air pollution but they are also highly vulnerable to natural disasters. The NDCs place an emphasis on climate actions that are mainly connected to urban planning, transportation and early-warning systems. In general, urbanization features in about 70% of the submitted NDCs (113 out of 164), demonstrating the linkages between urbanization and climate change actions.”' The strong connection between NDCs and SDG 11 is crucial for achieving the 2030 Agenda and the success of the Paris agreement, making the two initiatives inter-dependent.