Indeed, most critics of early mitigation efforts, including those challenging the science of climate change, tend to defer all policy needs to support to R&D efforts. They argue that if the science confirms the necessity of mitigating climate change, the necessary carbon-lean technologies will be made available (Lomborg, 2001). One is climate change, due to the negative externality of GHG emissions: the other is underinvestment of private firms in R&D activities.