Exchange rate based Gross Domestic Product corrected for price effect was used for this report. But do efficiency gains reach far enough to keep pace with growth in population and consumption to avoid significant resource depletion and climate change? A reason for using material footprint rather than DMC is that it provides a complementary allocation of materials to where end consumption takes place. It avoids the effects of the concentration in trade, to which DMC based measures are subject (discussed previously in Section 2.1), giving a much clearer idea of the total resource inputs required, including extraterritorial resource inputs, to support a nation’s economy.