Tobacco control clearly falls within the remit of human rights law. Yet the potential for the regulation of e-cigarettes is understudied from a human rights perspective. This chapter shows that there are good reasons to assume that the use of e-cigarettes may pose certain health risks and possibly undermine the regulatory efforts directed against use of conventional tobacco products. Employing doctrinal legal research, the chapter explores different approaches to the regulation of e-cigarettes in terms of the right to the highest attainable standard of health included in Art. 12 of the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights and the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child. It develops a human rights framework applicable to regulating e-cigarettes as a device harmful to health, as a potential harm reduction tool, and as a gateway product.