The article discusses the issue of the fundamentals of justice. Despite the dominant narratives about the conventional nature of this category, it is claimed that the fundamental of justice is the inherent human dignity. Justice finds its his real and substantial foundation in the dignity of the human person. Therefore, the inherent (innate), non-transferable, inalienable dignity, which is associated with the essence of man, is the foundation of justice and its requirements requiring to “give to each what he deserves” ( suum cuique tribuere ), to give “to each his own” or his due, which means the natural human rights, the most rudimentary of which is the right to life and the right to personal development. The assertion of those basic human rights is not a matter of any convention, agreements, contracts or the will of the legislator, or any political games, but a matter of justice, natural justice.