On the whole, structural transformation has lagged behind economic growth in the majority of LDCs and, in the absence of drastic measures - including several of the actions identified by the IPoA - these LDCs may ultimately graduate but remain extremely vulnerable and fragile economies. The December 2013 WTO Ministerial Conference in Bali (MC9), which was concluded with the first multilateral trade pact in nearly 20 years of existence of the organisation, has generated hope that the WTO could move away from this impasse. The final outcome of the Bali ministerial was a trade facilitation agreement, along with decisions and declarations on four agricultural issues, and select development-focused provisions - including four that are specific to LDCs.