The manuals include the definitions and criteria of ODA and guide researchers through the process of developing a research proposal, for which the funding would qualify as ODA. For example, one university manual in the United Kingdom states that “while the UK ODA spend remains 0.7% of GNI, the establishment of GCRF will see diversion of funding from other development activities to research, potentially diverting support away from the world's poorest. As such, some peer reviewers may feel that applicants have a moral responsibility to undertake research under the Newton Fund and the GCRF which is not only excellent but which is also ethical, genuinely beneficial, and impactful” (University College London, 2017[37j).