Healthcare professions are the main scientific occupations where girls (17%) are more likely to see themselves working in the future than boys (6%), on average across OECD countries. For instance, in 45 education systems, “veterinarians” is among the top five science-related career that girls expect for themselves, compared to only 5 education systems where this is the case for boys. Similar disparities are observed for “nurses and midwives” and “dentists, pharmacists, physiotherapists, dieticians”. According to PISA 2015 data, on average across OECD countries, the association between exposure to enquiry-based teaching and expecting a career in science is more positive for girls, but only for male-dominated occupations, including engineers and science-related technicians (Figure 3.15). By contrast, the probability that students see themselves as health professionals - typically female-dominated occupations - increases equally for boys and girls when they are more exposed to enquiry-based teaching. Source: OECD, PISA 2015 Database.