The report enumerates many of the most prominent multiple benefits of energy efficiency and, although the list is not exhaustive, it provides a rich menu of the variety of the benefits that may be of interest to policy makers. Based on a review of existing literature, this report summarises the significance of each of these potential outcomes of energy efficiency measures. In many cases, a ripple effect emerges when energy efficiency improvements take effect at the individual level, triggering benefits for a household and/or enterprise that have a multiplier effect on a specific sector and possibly the whole economy. In addition, as utilities (notably in developing countries) improve their supply-side efficiency, they can provide more electricity to more households, thereby supporting increased access initiatives which is often an important stated objective of supply-side energy efficiency activities in developing countries. The effect of increased spending and investment can in turn result in positive macroeconomic effects described below.