This policy has had some positive effects since 2005, with a relative decoupling of TPES from economic performance and a resulting decrease in the energy and carbon intensities of the economy (Sections 2 and 3). However, until recently less attention has been paid to the demand side and energy efficiency in the end-use sectors, as reflected by still relatively high final energy intensity. The current policy framework is provided by the 2008 National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (PNAEE) or “Portugal Efficiency 2015”.10 Prior to the PNAEE, there were few quantified energy efficiency goals (Table 5.1).