The concentration of population growth in the poorest countries will make it harder for their governments to eradicate poverty and inequality, combat hunger and malnutrition, expand education enrolment and health systems, improve the provision of basic services, and implement other elements of a sustainable development agenda to ensure that no one is left behind (UN/DESA, Population Division, 2015). It showed that while African farm-level costs were comparable to those in Brazil and Thailand, this "competitiveness” was based on: (1) soil mining (the depletion of soil nutrient reserves, leading to soil degradation), and (2) extremely low returns to labour, reflecting few alternative employment opportunities for workers — hardly a model for poverty reduction (World Bank, 2009). Increasing the percentage of irrigated land in sub-Saharan Africa to the Indian levels of 1960 would cost approximately $114 billion.