Indufor (2013) calculated a "cascade factor” for Europe, which it defined as the overall use of wood raw material divided by its roundwood component, the cascade factor is a measure of the extent to which the European wood-processing industry has succeeded in increasing the utilization of wood co-products and recycled fibres. Greenhouse gas emissions from woody bioenergy are small when burned efficiently compared with emissions from fossil fuels, and "carbon debt" becomes insignificant if: wood is produced sustainably, there is cascaded use, and the total energy system is considered (IINAS et al., Although US and EU standards have been in place for several years, the new ISO standard could support thetradeof solid biofuels internationally.