The lack of monitoring and/or reporting on pumping in many countries also plays a significant role, especially in agriculture. Different types of monitoring tools can lead to divergent results, as observed in the case of irrigation in Arizona (Cohen et al., At the same time, recharge measurement is very difficult given the differences in situation, soil profiles and soil covers, and connections with surface water bodies.10 In many cases, field crop activities are known to actively participate in the recharging of groundwater, even sometimes more significantly than natural ecosystems (Taylor et al.,