This reflects deficiency in the provision of full-time ECEC services for children below 3 years of age in these countries. However, cross-national comparisons of employment rates of mothers with very young children are particularly complicated due to cross-national differences in the treatment of parents on parental leave. For example, unlike most countries, Estonia treats all parents on parental leave as economically inactive, which may contribute to the relatively low employment rate among mothers with a youngest child under the age of 3 (Figure 5.10). On average, around two thirds of all mothers with their youngest child aged 3-5 years-old in OECD countries are employed.