The PES traditionally provides labour market information services and vacancy notification services for employed registered jobseekers, and further in-work support measures are discussed in Section 3. In the 1980s and 1990s, policy reforms were largely focused on recipients of unemployment benefits. In some countries the traditional model, where the labour exchange held lists of local vacant jobs and sent unemployed people to apply for them, was no longer operating effectively, and reforms introduced a new emphasis on independent job search. In other cases, ALMPs had already been expanded and diversified in response to higher unemployment, but reforms put less emphasis on the volume of places created and more on the obligations for the long-term unemployed to participate in specific programmes.