This chapter examines the Rwandan war with a view to understanding how these peacemaking efforts failed in such emphatic fashion. It evaluates the unsuccessful attempts by local regional actors to design enduring cease-fires with a view to peace in 1991. The chapter also evaluates internationally sponsored Arusha negotiations of 1992-1993, which, despite concluding with a signed comprehensive peace agreement, ultimately failed to prevent both the genocide and the reengagement of the warring factions. The fate of the Tutsi refugees in Uganda was to play a critical role in the trajectory toward war in Rwanda. From the very beginning, they sought the right to return to their homeland. War-stopping efforts began at some level from the moment of the Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF) initial invasion in October 1990.  Keywords: peace, Rwanda, Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF), Tusti refugees, Uganda, war