This is aligned with the OECD’s argument that linking urban areas with public transport is one of the three key characteristics of the compact city (OECD, 2012a). Several policy initiatives to promote public transport, in particular as expressed in government documents including the “Greening Urban and Building Initiative” announced by Korea’s Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs in 2009, should be continuously implemented, to send a consistent signal to local government and private investors. More roads could invite more traffic. “ The volume of car traffic almost everywhere is more or less arbitrary, depending on the available transportation infrastructure. Because we can always find new ways to increase our car use, building extra roads is a direct invitation to buy and drive more cars.” ( Since the 1989 earthquake, San Francisco has converted certain freeways to city streets, which has turned the Embarcadero into a city boulevard with trolley cars, trees and wide sidewalks.