According to the Energy Conservation and Cleaner Production Centre of Hai Phong City (ECC), the energy audit activities have saved a total of 50.3 million kWh per year, equivalent in monetary terms to more than USD 3.03 million (VDN 64 billion) and a reduction in carbon emissions of 42 000 tons per year (ECCH, 2014a). To accelerate these efforts, the city could consider providing technical guidance and financial support to all small and medium-sized manufacturing industries in the city. For example, the city could send experts who provide technical advice to these firms and finance a part of the costs of high-energy-efficiency production facilities. The experience of Kitakyushu, Japan, suggests that process conversion and end-of-pipe (EP) technologies can achieve a significant reduction in pollution, and that decisive action by the city w'as a critical factor in its success (Box 2.1).