It is not only a strong indicator of the health and well-being of children, but also of the entire population. The ICPD Programme of Action set a target in 1994 to reduce the under-five mortality rate below 45 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2015. While considerable progress has been made in reducing child mortality since 1990, some recent data from the World Health Organization have suggested that, of the eight MDGs, goal 4 (reducing child mortality) and goal 5 (improving maternal health) are the two furthest from being achieved by 2015 (World Health Organization, 2012b, United Nations, 2012b).