Ombuds offices do exist inside national mechanisms (Egypt), but not in the national Ombuds offices (Jad, 2010). In other settings, accountability mechanisms can prove quite effective. One notable example of an enforcement mechanism is Puerto Rico’s national gender institution, which enjoys quasi-judicial powers to fine public officials and private institutions that foil to comply with national gender equality policies (Johan, 2010). Gender mainstreaming involves the following activities: obtaining gender-disaggregated data and qualitative information on the situation of men and women, conducting a gender analysis which highlights the differences between and among women, men, girls and boys in terms of their relative distribution of resources, opportunities, constraints and power in a given context, and instituting gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, including the establishment of indicators to gauge the extent to which gender equality objectives are met and changes in gender relations are achieved.