Further detoils on the survey methodology con be found in Arvis el ol. ( A decade ago, a study of the impacts of low transport accessibility was carried out in the United Kingdom (Social Exclusion Unit, 2003). National and local initiatives were developed to deal with these issues, including increased funding for rural and urban bus services, integration of routes and new ticketing systems, as well as a transport schemes to support access to work (UNECE, 2012). In rural areas, investment forexpanding/ upgrading the transport network is scarce, whereas, at the same time, expanding rural transport networks might have significant environmental impacts. In urban areas, the lack of space constrains expansion of and/or structural changes in the transport network, moreover, the environmental and health impacts of an expanding urban transport network may be very significant.