It presents the motivation, rationale and scope of demand-side policies and provides examples of different national strategies and approaches. The policy instruments reviewed include innovation-based public procurement, technology-oriented regulations, product standards and the European Union's Lead Market Initiative. While there is no single definition of demand-oriented innovation policy, it can be understood as a set of public measures to increase the demand for innovations, to improve the conditions for the uptake of innovations or to improve the articulation of demand in order to spur innovations and facilitate their diffusion (Edler, 2007).