The first attempts to modernize simply replaced the single huge engine with a huge electric motor, changing little. The drive-shafts were replaced by wires, the huge steam engine by dozens of small motors. Factories spread out, there was natural light, and room to use ceiling-slung cranes. Workers had responsibility for their own machines, they needed better training and better pay. The electric motor was a wonderful invention, once we changed all the everyday details that surrounded it.