Hence, screening should not be seen in isolation -attention to the quality of care across the whole pathway of cancer care is needed. Regarding cardiovascular screening, the cost-effectiveness of the Czech Republic’s biennial general health check should be assessed, and if value for money cannot be convincingly demonstrated, disinvestment should occur with funds spent on evidence-based initiatives to reduce smoking, obesity and harmful alcohol consumption. As for cancer, prevention and early diagnosis should not be isolated from a holistic model of care for long-term conditions, in particular, better secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease is needed.