Lack of access to modern energy services contributes to poverty and deprivation and limits economic development. Furthermore, adequate, affordable and reliable energy services are necessary to guarantee sustainable economic and human development. Solid fuels include biomass fuels, such as wood, charcoal, crops or other agricultural waste, dung, shrubs and straw, and coal. High demand for biomass fuels to meet household energy needs can contribute to deforestation and subsequent land degradation.