China’s absolute PSE (in USD) is now more than 50% larger than that of the European Union, and Indonesia’s farm support comes close to that of the United States. At the same time, some emerging economies are large participants in international trade with agricultural products, either as exporters or importers. It is conceivable that agricultural policies in emerging and developing countries now affect price formation on international markets at least as much as do OECD countries. For all of these reasons, the nature and evolution of agricultural policies in emerging and important developing countries has become a focus in the OECD’s work.