The Doi Moi aimed to transition from a centrally-planned economy to a socialist-oriented market economy, encouraging private sector development and foreign investments. The extent to which recent successes have been translated into improved well-being is questioned as well as the ways in which this rapid growth has affected social cohesion. A cohesive society can be described as a society that strives for social integration and builds up the necessary social capital to create a common sense of belonging, and one where prospects exist for upward social mobility. Persistent and deepening inequalities among certain groups of the population (e.g. 60% of ethnic minorities are poor, accounting for nearly half of the total poor) raise concerns on the prospects of achieving sustained and inclusive growth. The coverage gaps in social protection (e.g. 67% of people in the middle class do not have social insurance) and the weak redistributive effect of the current fiscal policies may expose many middle-class households to the risk of falling back into poverty. Last but not least, innovation and technological progress are generating new skills needs which place education and training policies under tremendous pressure.