By contrast, the relationship between the SIGI and physical capital is mixed: while naive regression with capital stock as the dependant variable yields a negative and statistically significant association, the association vanishes when including additional controls. They are available upon request. In this section, the 2SLS coefficients of the previous growth equation (equation 6) are used first to quantify the economic cost of gender-based discrimination in social institutions and second to estimate the economic gains associated with greater gender parity.