In particular, investments to adjust the long-run water supply (e.g. investments in water abstraction), as well as proposing alternative water supply options to tackle short-term water shortages, are key to providing reliable access to water. To give an idea of the potential effect of managing water demand, a report prepared for the European Commission (Dworak et al., These water saving technologies are not only easy to introduce and to implement, but have also short payback periods, further enhancing their uptake possibilities.