As part of the Orange River Development Project, another dam - Vanderkloof Dam - was built downstream in 1977 to generate hydropower, the Gariep Dam controls water from Vanderkloof Dam (Anon, 2016a). However, irrigation charges have been increased to cover operational costs. The initial rate for agricultural water use was 4% of gross income per morgen of land (about R12/morgen). However, initial analysis showed it should be more than R502/morgen (1 morgen equals approximately 0.2 to 1 ha).