In addition, their participation in schools is often interrupted as they tend to drop out and leave school early more frequently than their native peers. And as the PISA studies have consistently shown, there are also significant performance gaps between native and migrant students in most OECD countries, with first-generation migrants lagging on average about 1.5 school years behind their native counterparts (OECD, 2007). But the PISA studies also show that this situation is not inevitable. For example, in Australia, Canada and New Zealand, there are virtually no performance differences between migrant students and their native peers.