Women and girls must have equal access to financial services, infrastructure, the full range of health services including sexual, reproduction and health rights, water and sanitation, the equal right to own land and other assets, a safe environment in which to leam and apply their knowledge and skills, and an end to discrimination so they can receive equal pay for equal work, and have an equal voice in decision making. ( First, it outlines women’s employment trends in the MENA region, including in the public sector. Next, it assesses the legal framework for labour force participation, including its conformity to international standards. The chapter also examines policy measures used in MENA and OECD countries for improving female participation in the labour market.