Unconditional cash transfers, now widely diffused in the most affected countries of sub-Saharan Africa are good examples given their potential to affect the underlying causes of HIV diffusion among young children. Indeed, a study by UNICEF (2007) on three cash transfers (Kalomo in Zambia, Mchinji in Malawi, and the social cash transfers in South Africa) show that the potential of such programmes is higher in contexts where most (around 70 per cent) of their targeted households (and the children within them) are affected by HIV/AIDS. Zomba Conditional Cash Transfer in Malawi Context: Malawi is one of the poorest countries within Sub-Saharan Africa and one of the countries with the highest rates of HIV prevalence in the world.