So far, however, they are only used for such purposes in a few pilot cases, which are described in this chapter. According to one estimate, the skills demanded across industries will change by 35% within a handful of years.98 Such shifts put enormous pressure on countries’ education and training systems to adjust. Yet in many countries those systems are notoriously inflexible, portending serious challenges. This is among the reasons that the public sector has traditionally played a major role in education and training.