Annex Table 1.A2.3 of OECD (2010b) provides comparable estimates for earlier recessions. The jobs gap in 2009 Q4 is somewhat smaller for the OECD area that that at the trough of the 1979-1982 “double-dip” recession, but larger than those for all other recessions since 1970. The working-age population shrank in Austria, Germany and Japan, reducing the jobs gap estimates in these countries relative to that implied by the changes in the unemployment and participation rates. Ireland appears to have experienced a shift from net in-migration to net out-migration with the foreign-bom, working-age population declining between 2008 and 2009 (OECD, 2010d).