This chapter examines how Israeli and Palestinian human rights organizations use international law differently in the course of their advocacy: Palestinian human rights organizations use international law as a form of nonviolent resistance against Israeli occupation, while Israeli human rights organizations focus their efforts on strengthening Israeli democracy by encouraging government accountability to human rights principles, including state adherence to international human rights norms. Both Palestinian and Israeli (and international) human rights and humanitarian organizations have been criticized by some members of the Israeli government and its supporters, however, for this advocacy, with their work seen as a form of anti-Semitism, as “lawfare”1, or as supportive of terrorism.2