Secondary drivers include urban expansion and construction of infrastructure for roads, telecommunications, ports, tourism, energy supply lines, and pipes and ducts (Challenger and Dirzo, 2008, FAO, 2010, SEMARNAT, 2011). Natural disasters, soil extraction and open cast mining exert further pressures. Key pressures on marine ecosystems include overexploitation of fisheries, pollution including nitrogen deposition and eutrophication from agricultural run-off and domestic and industrial sewage waters, habitat modification such as wetland loss, and climate change.