Although well recognised and widely disseminated, there are no requirements or incentives for clinicians or patients to follow them in practice, as discussed in Chapter 1. Nor are there any monitoring mechanisms in place to indicate the extent to clinicians routinely measure and treat blood pressure levels, blood sugar and cholesterol levels or other clinical parameters in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. Nevertheless, rates of cardiovascular mortality and rates of admission to hospital for diabetes remain some of the highest in the OECD.