Despite huge progress, a large part of the population still remains illiterate, especially rural women (see Figures 9 and 10). This can explain the large share of marginal employment among rural women, which have very low skills. Income quintiles refer to the monthly per capita consumption expenditure of households. Source: NSSO, Employment and unemployment survey, round no. Source: NSSO, Employment and unemployment survey, rounds no. Depending on sectors the wage gaps vary across education categories but with no clear pattern.