The establishment of protected areas has sometimes been received with resentment, with some local authorities, landowners and communities fearing (sometimes rightly) to be dispossessed of their land or expectations of future ownership. For example, establishment of the Mata Escura Biological Reserve in 2003, as environmental compensation for a hydroelectric plant, sparked conflicts with the local quilombola community. The conflict was resolved only in 2012 with an agreement between the community and ICMBio that allowed the community to remain in the protected area under certain conditions (Vilela, 2013).