In contrast, the pace of urbanization of poverty was much slower than that of urbanization of the population in Bhutan. Note: Data for the earlier period were not available for Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. Most landlocked developing countries, except Mongolia, did not experience significant increases in their urban populations nor in their urban poor. However, if the capacities of cities to accommodate an influx of people cannot keep up with increasing demand for dwellings, infrastructure and public services, it could result in social exclusion, instability and environmental degradation (ESCAP, 2018c).