A 2009 amendment to the scheme requires child beneficiaries to attend school. Research has shown the grant is being used overwhelmingly to pay for food: 51 per cent of households always use it for food and a further 23 per cent often or sometimes do. It is also used to pay for school fees and uniforms: 38 per cent always use it for school costs and a further 27 per cent often or sometimes do (Patel and Hochfeld 2011).