Development that rides on the back of depletion of forest resources is unsustainable and measures must be taken to use, manage and protect forests in a sustainable manner. It was found in India and Nepal that empowering women in local decisionmaking with respect to the conservation of forests and fisheries leads to better resource efficiency and conservation. Pathways to the sustainable management of forest resources could benefit from the knowledge and capacities that women have honed through their interactions with forests.