As women’s time in paid employment increases, their time dedicated to unpaid work decreases less than proportionately. Time-use data highlight the severe constraints on women’s time (cont.) The OECD Job Quality framework provides a new tool for measuring labour market insecurity along two important dimensions: insecurity generated by the risk of unemployment and insecurity due to the risk of extreme low pay while employed (OECD, 2015, Chapter 5). Unemployment insurance captures the effective net individual replacement rate of unemployment and social assistance benefits in terms of previous earnings.