Poland introduced controlled foreign company rules in 2015 which aim to prevent profit shifting through parent companies assigning passive or mobile income (e.g. from intellectual property, services and digital transactions) to foreign subsidiaries in which they have a controlling interest and which are located in low-tax jurisdictions. Poland also made significant changes to its transfer pricing regulations in line with the recommendations of the OECD/G20 BEPS project. The tax, which entered into force in February 2016, has to be paid by banks, credit unions and insurance companies, as well as other lending institutions.