One example of this is the energy transition project in the Netherlands, which is an explicit attempt to complement existing policies with a strategic long-term transition approach aimed at structural change, part of which involves using taxes and charges to level the playing field and then to foster diversity through creating space for niches but refrains from “picking winners”. Such government initiatives can achieve a significant impetus for change, although they are not without risk of capture by the incumbent energy regime which may limit options for radical change of the energy system (Kern and Smith, 2008). This adaptive capacity depends on the availability of resources such as alternative technologies, knowledge and capabilities, and governments can help to cushion the economic impacts of transition by investing in this capacity.