A recent paper (Garcia Perez et al., Not only is this not captured in the data shown in this section but this is also a concern in terms of human capital loss, as those migrating are more likely to be better educated (know foreign languages, etc.). Indeed economic uncertainty following the crisis as well as job insecurity seem to have had an impact on family planning by discouraging the creation of new family units, therefore lowering fertility rates. The global economic recession seems to have brought a trend reversal to the previous pattern of rising fertility rates (Figure 22).