Simulations show that Georgian children living in households in extreme poverty would have doubled without pensions, and the percentage of children living in poor households according to the national poverty line would have increased from 28 to 38 per cent. In the case of Georgia, social pensions have a higher impact on poverty reduction for households with children than targeted social assistance. In Kyrgyzstan, for instance, expenditure is around 5 per cent of GDP, while spending on social assistance and child benefits reaches only 0.5 per cent of GDP.