Even then, some part of the initiative for change came from outside - notably from the World Bank in both supporting the establishment of temporary employment schemes and reducing the cost of remittances. Firstly, both countries have policies to upgrade skills (especially in health and education), develop new skills (such as financial literacy) and support new categories of skilled workers (such as nurse practitioners). Secondly, both countries have begun to think more widely about encouraging the return migration of some skilled workers (from basic bonding to the encouragement of the return of selected skilled workers on a temporary basis).