Experience has not borne this assumption out. Women’s increasing participation in paid work has not been accompanied by a commensurate increase in men’s share of unpaid work within the home (see chapter III). The gender division of unpaid domestic work has displayed a remarkable resilience and continues to shape the terms on which women are able to take up paid work. It limits the transformative potential of employment for the position of women within the home and in the wider society. Despite this, reproductive work is largely absent from macroeconomic theories and policies.