Purchases may take place in areas with stagnant or declining home values or in distressed neighbourhoods (see Box 5) and their financing is more likely to be subprime, with potentially high interest rates and fees. Poor people living in areas with highly concentrated poverty experience inadequate schools, limited job prospects, and disadvantaged peer groups, all of which contribute to social exclusion. Residential segregation was encouraged (and sometimes enforced) by governments worldwide throughout much of history, in order to restrict the movement of various religious, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups (Nightingale 2012). Throughout the 20th century, government-sanctioned segregation gradually lessened across OECD countries.