Small markets in most developing countries produced uncertainty about the expected returns on investment and made it difficult to achieve scale economies, thereby choking off the accumulation process and closing down an industrial growth path before it could really get started. In particular, expansion of light industries providing consumer goods seemed the most promising option as these could provide local demand for each other’s output, and a large-scale and integrated infrastructure programme was seen as the ideal way to break the constraint on self-sustaining growth because it would both stimulate local demand and lead to lower production costs (Nurkse, 1953). Moreover, complementarities across the investments in electricity generation, transport, communications, etc.