Avoid punishing short or interrupted labour market histories. Policies for this purpose include making vesting periods required for a pension adequate for the working patterns of women in each country, ensuring that the requirements to access minimum pensions allow for the incorporation of most women. This also involves designing benefit formulas in a way that does not punish time out of work (for instance, regarding how career breaks are filled). In defined contribution systems, this also relates to ensuring that administrative fees in individual accounts do not disadvantage workers with low accumulation or discontinuous contribution patterns.