This means that some children are already advantaged over others when they begin formal schooling, while in turn school results exert a strong influence on their university outcomes (Boarini et al., Moreover, people with higher education and skills are more likely to undertake on-the-job training (OECD, 2010c). The way that inequalities are compounded means that educational deficiencies should be tackled as early as possible and that pupils from a lower socioeconomic background should receive adequate support in schools to compensate for their initial disadvantage.