The trial period for open-ended contracts remains short, at 90 days for most workers (OECD, 2014e). Income taxes, social security contributions, payroll taxes, and other hiring costs create a wedge between what it costs to hire a worker, and what the worker takes home as disposable income. When this wedge becomes too high, it can become too costly for a firm to hire a worker. It can also become insufficiently rewarding for a worker to work or to upskill.