Thus the establishment of the GSM is now an essential aspect of the organisation and management of smuggling networks. More generally speaking, the emerging transport network links the national urban networks to each other, together they promote the renewed regionalisation of international migration flows, which is itself supported by the development of new information technology. In this context, the capitals of Niamey, Ouagadougou, Bamako and Dakar are an East to West and West to East route of high traffic, incorporated in the global networks.