Moreover, the self-assessment surveys carried out by donors and recipients suggest that donors believe their AfT is becoming more effective according to some indicators of aid effectiveness, to a certain extent, this corresponds with the views of (public) recipient surveys. Furthermore, the growing numbers of econometric studies examining the effectiveness of AfT show that it is likely to be reducing the cost of trade and improving export outcomes. Numerous countries have carried out independent AfT portfolio or strategy evaluations in recent years.17 Finally, at the intervention level, one can evaluate whether projects are achieving their stated goals (through a simple evaluation) and what kind of outcomes would have been achieved in the absence of interventions (through a more sophisticated impact evaluation).