Sears and Herriot examine the complex interplay between and among religion, citizenship and social justice in education. Beginning with a discussion of the diverse ways individuals and groups understand these concepts, the chapter moves on to consider several key themes including: the idea that religion is a ubiquitous and persistent part of modern societies, the anomaly that religious people, groups, and institutions are sometimes the victims of social injustice and discrimination and sometimes the purveyors of those same things, and the fluid and contested nature of human rights. The chapter concludes by arguing that negotiating the complexities of the intersections between religion, citizenship and social justice requires a high degree of religious literacy.