By 1989,55% of immigrant students in Hauptschulen were in such classes, which were formally abolished in 1995 (Glenn and de Jong, 1996). An analysis of 108 primary school catchment areas in four districts showed that one out of five schools enrolled twice as many students with immigrant backgrounds than lived in the area. This is a consequence of parents circumventing official primary school assignment and schools offering ways, such as separate classes based on parent choice of religious or foreign language instruction, to attract native students and better teachers (Fincke and Lange, 2012, Open Society Justice Initiative, 2013). It maintained the Gymnasien, which selected 60% of their students, with an extra 10% reserved for siblings, leaving 30% selected by lottery (Basteck et al, 2015).