Empirical studies show that there has been an increase in protected area coverage since the introduction of the ICMS-E in a number of states, although other factors may have contributed. This approach is potentially more effective in encouraging good protected area management, but entails additional cost, including for periodic inspections. Overall, the degree of success in expanding protected area coverage appears correlated with technical and institutional capacity at the state and municipal levels (Peters, 2012). International finance contributes a minor share of the total budget available to SNUC (8% of the federal protected area budget in 2008), but has helped leverage domestic resources and improve resource use effectiveness by addressing some of the most pressing bottlenecks.