The accelerated growth, and without cluttered urban planning entails the concentration of lowincome migrant population in outlying areas of the municipalities, devoid of minimum infrastructure to ensure quality of life, such as sanitation and health services. Several environmental problems are rooted in public policies aimed at economic growth as the only way to ensure social equity. Understanding the relationship between public policy, the environment and public health as a core element of sanitation aimed at ensuring the quality of life without distinction between populations, is of great interest for the promotion of environmental justice. The aim of this review is to establish a connection between the use and occupation of land, environmental sanitation and public health against urban growth, where the prevailing unequal access to natural resources and social vulnerability by establishing a framework of environmental injustice.