The global market share of standards-compliant products for some of these commodities was as high as 40 per cent. To be clear, these labels deal with more than just climate-change issues, but carbon-based criteria are central to many of the schemes, including, for example, Rainforest Alliance and UTZ certification. First, the various methodologies for calculating embodied carbon are arguably not reliable enough to use as a basis for labels that will have significant trade and market impacts (Bolwig and Gibbon 2009).