In Brazil for example, private investors are asked to collectively elaborate a planning proposal for the grid connection before they bid on upcoming renewable generation projects. Incentives for clean energy production vary from one state or province to another. For example, in the Chicago Tri-State metro-region, which straddles three US states (Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin), different targets for the share of renewable sources of energy in the state energy mix, together with different criteria for deciding which projects qualify as renewable-energy-based electricity generation, undermine efforts to attract clean energy investments to the metro-region (OECD, 2012e).37 In other cases, national laws may undermine local-level investments in clean energy. For example until 2010, Polish national policy prevented municipalities from taking ownership of waste generated by their inhabitants and businesses.