A second tier includes market-related indirect impacts, affecting market actors, possibly trade partners, and competitors1 The third tier comprises food security' and broader consequences, which may concern a larger range of countries. Any country may be affected by one or more of the three types of impacts, or not be affected at all by specific agriculture water risk hotspots. For each of the three levels of impact, some of the key expected effects of agriculture water risks hotspots will be reviewed, drawing in particular from analyses touching on the three case studies.