This effect demonstrates that the size of the grant is sufficient to cause changes in labour market behaviour. Empirical studies of the effect of non-contributory healthcare - including evidence from the expansion of Mexico’s Seguro Popular - find either no relationship with, or only small effects on, the rate of informality (OECD, 2011). Similarly, cash transfer programmes have no adverse effects on labour market participation (DfID, 2011, Alzua et al.,