The majority-government-owned companies Petrobras (oil) and Vale (mining) have sponsored several biodiversity conservation initiatives, including in protected areas. For instance, Petrobras supports the Tamar project for the conservation of marine turtles, many nesting in marine protected areas such as Fernando de Noronha National Park. Vale finances the management of more than 12 000 km2 of local protected areas in the Atlantic Forest, Amazon and Cerrado biomes (de Bulhoes Mossri, 2012).