At different points, jobseekers may be required to expand their field of job search, may be directly referred to job vacancies, and may be referred to longer-term training or job-creation measures, and a subsidy may be offered to employers who hire them. At the same time, many individuals with specific identifiers of disadvantage, such as lone parenthood, find work without intensive assistance. The PES needs to concentrate its scarce resources on jobseekers who have become long-term unemployed, or ideally on those most at risk of becoming long-term unemployed. Many types of information can contribute to the assessment of this risk.