Member country researchers, such as Norway’s Institute of Marine Research, give scientific input. Each group quota is shared between vessels within the group. Thus, the quota system is based on a three-stage process: the negotiated national quota, then the group quotas, and finally the individual vessel quotas (IVQs).31 The IVQ regime differs from ordinary individual transferable quota (ITQ) systems: it is a bundled system in which quotas and vessels are integrated.