This unpaid work commitment can also discourage women from having children. This perception stems not only from norms and social expectations around childrearing, but also from legal institutions and policies that treat men and women differently, such as maternity and paternity leave schemes in most (including OECD) countries. At the same time, stereotypes and expectations that men will heavily engage in the labour market - rather than provide family care - take away valuable time that fathers may want to spend with their family.