Nonetheless, South Africa’s changing population shares imply that a policy focus on race-based redistribution will become increasingly limited in the future as the foundation for further broad-based social development. Rather, it would seem that a more dynamically sustainable direction lies in addressing seriously the increasing inequality within each race group. However, before w,e proceed to this discussion of social spending, Chapter 2 interrogates and adds to the review of post-Apartheid inequality and poverty of this first chapter by comparing the empirical picture of poverty and inequality from three national household survey data sets from 1993, 2000 and 2008. Careful attention is given to making these data sets as consistent as possible.