In Ile-de-France, the CPER (2007-13) several core issues and actions integrate a green growth perspective, yet they do not constitute major initiatives. The emphasis on transportation in the investments planned under the CPER with a view to modernising public transport is certainly important (EUR 2.93 billion), but is far less ambitious than the actions undertaken under the Greater Paris Scheme, even if the latter are to be stretched out over a longer period. The organisation of economic agents in Ile-de-France results moreover in a system based on organisations that have a monopoly of representation vis-a-vis the public authorities: the chambers of commerce and industry (regional and departmental) on one hand and the employers’ unions on the other.