At the same time, fossil fuel-based energy systems incur relatively higher operating costs, driven by volatile fuel prices, as discussed above, which are however spread over the whole lifetime of the asset. Tenth Plenary Meeting of the Policy Dialogue on Natural Resource-based Development, 25 June 2018, Paris, www.oecd.org/dev/tenth-meeting-pd-nr-june-2018 .htm. Innovation in the battery industry has created viable solutions to the challenges related to the variability of renewable energy output, which depends on weather conditions.