Thereafter, the chapter attempts to integrate a gender perspective into human rights at the international as well regional (African) levels. Finally, the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Development Goals are also examined from a gender perspective. Ester Boserup had argued that the existing development discourse ignored women's contribution to national production. She further argued that this was the case as a result of gender-based stereotyping which located women solely within the domestic sphere: "Various colonial and post-colonial governments had systematically bypassed women in the diffusion of new technologies, extension services and other productive inputs.