One of the components of this project was the promotion of environmental management systems (EMS), especially market-based ones, in both government and the private sector. Greening’ was defined as ‘adoption of measures to conserve the natural environment’ (Planning Institute of Jamaica [PIOJ] 2001, chapter 18, 18.1, USAID 2005). In addition, CWIP sought to encourage consumers to purchase energy-efficient products (NEPA 1999, 23).