In this sense, they can have effects on the advancement of gender equality outcomes for better or for worse. In recognition of the key role of these government levers in advancing gender equality goals, this chapter maps out country approaches and initiatives to mainstream gender in the budget, regulatory and procurement cycles. The number of OECD countries that have introduced gender budgeting increased from 12 in 2016 to 17 in 2018. Nine of the 17 OECD countries that have introduced gender budgeting also publish information alongside the annual budget to help inform budget oversight. Some of the challenges in implementing an effective gender budgeting approach include the differing levels of importance given to gender equality by successive governments, fiscal constraints or broader challenges related to implementing new public financial management procedures in government. Although many countries have put in place guidelines or checklists, there are generally no criteria or accountability mechanisms to ensure the quality and rigour of gender analysis in regulations.