Any costs for policy capacity-building in benchmarking and developing indicators to measure the effects of energy-efficiency policies, such as industrial plant energy auditing and monitoring, reporting, verification and evaluation, also need to be factored in. The UNIDO (2011) industrial energy-efficiency policy database developed for this report documents 21 industrial energy-efficiency policy mechanisms in 37 developing economies (see Annex 14). The International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Energy-efficiency Database details some 170 policies and measures introduced locally, regionally and nationally in 32 countries and the European Union (IEA 2008c).