If the nitrogen removal was fixed at USD 10 per kg, this would represent a NTC of USD 357 504, if it was fixed at USD 30 per kg, this would represent a NTC of USD 1 072 512. The same could be applied to another key nutrient, phosphorus. With an average of 0.04% phosphorus content in FW kelp tissues, 4.09 tonnes of phopshorus would be removed per year. With a value of USD 4 per kg removed (Chopin etal.,