In particular, the two main policy tools are: i) statutory minimum wages, and ii) reductions of social security contributions paid by employers for low-pay/low-skilled workers, and sometimes young workers. The balance of this international empirical evidence suggests that minimum wages that are too high can have a negative impact on youth employment and on enrolment in education. This also serves to truncate wage distribution, and transforms the minimum wage into a reference wage for a large portion of the workforce. While a very large share of the workforce is paid at the minimum wage (SMIC) in France (15% versus an OECD average of about 5%), the share of workers aged under 25 on the SMIC is more than double that of their elders (35% versus 13% of workers aged 25 or more) (Groupe d’experts sur le SMIC, 2009). Ultimately, the over-representation of youth in France among minimum-wage employees is less pronounced than in the other OECD countries with a statutory minimum wage. For example, in Canada more than 60% of all minimum-wage workers are aged under 25 (OECD, 2008c) compared with only 17% in France.