This number is thus an underestimate as it does not include congressional earmarks for aquaculture, aquaculture spending by other NMFS programs, or aquaculture spending by other US agencies (such as the USDA). With the exception of the BSAI crab fishery, all vessel/permit buybacks to date have involved some public funding. Aggregate public costs have amounted to almost USD 70 million, or approximately 25% of total buyback costs.