When restricted jobs are in high-paying sectors, this type of regulation reinforces the gender pay gap. That is the case, for instance, in the mining and oil industry, where certain jobs are deemed too hazardous and thus not accessible to women in a number of countries, such as the Russian Federation. Restrictions may also apply to the hours men and women are allowed to work. In Costa Rica, Umisia and Hirkey, for instance, women cannot work the same night hours as men (World Bank, 2015). Even if such regulations may be circumvented in practice, they help to sustain inequalities in pay, foster occupational segregation and increase the risk of informality for women.