Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment, Science Translational Medicine 309 (5742), 1844-1846 (15 September 2005), http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/309/ 5742/1844.full.pdf. Explaining Extreme Events of 2014 from a Climate Perspective, Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. Since the early 1990s, the climate contributions to this rise are approximately one-third attributable to ocean expansion due to warming, and two-thirds attributable to continental ice melt, shared almost equally between the polar ice caps of Greenland and the Antarctic on the one hand, and continental glaciers on the other. This date corresponds to the first satellite data obtained from the Topex satellites, which were subsequently replaced by Jason 1, 2 and 3.