It is generally more straightforward to identify and attribute short-term outputs to an activity than their longer-term outcome or transformational impact. It may also be more straightforward to identify and attribute results at the project or programme level, rather than more broadly at national or global scales. Such a focus on concrete projects and programmes and their results risks skewing funding decisions to discrete activities with more immediately-quantifiable results rather than investing in enabling activities or activities that are mainstreamed into broader development plans and could have greater longer-term impacts.