Employment by industry and occupation in the Galilee differs from other regions of Israel with higher levels of employment in traditional industries and lower levels of employment in occupations that commonly require education at the tertiary level. Even more significantly, employment patterns are different for Jews and Arabs, and within the Arab population, for men and women. These differences stem not from discrimination against Arabs in the labour market as well as the lack of tertiary education opportunities relevant to available employment opportunities. Unemployment, non-employment and under-employment, as well as lower earnings may alienate the Arab population.