Section 2.3 studies the opportunities for enlarging the economic base, as well as the important role of innovation in the NORA region. New developments, research and the implementation of new techniques can support the future competitiveness and sustainability of traditional natural-resource-based industries. At the same time, in the context of increasing efforts to sustain and diversify regional economies, innovation could help to support the development of emerging or new niches and sectors. However, this will require improving education and training and encouraging entrepreneurship and competition.