In order to allow comparison over identical 10-year periods in the face of relatively sparse poverty data, the period used is 1995-2005. This 10-year period does not perfectly overlap that used in Chapter l’s four-speed world, but countries are nonetheless presented according to their place in that classification in the 1990s and the 2000s. The average elasticity for all countries in Table 4.1 is -0.76, and -0.71 if outliers are excluded.