In South Africa, the budget programme and classification is based on sector and line items rather than on programs and policy objectives, hindering articulation of cross-sectoral initiatives to achieve wider policy objectives. For example, conditional grants (see section 3.1 for further detail) aim to strengthen government priority areas that are usually cross-sectoral issues (such as HIV/AIDS). However, they are designed and implemented by one particular national department, without fully articulating this initiative with other relevant departments.