And yet, despite the evolution of competition, regulation 2 of the evolving telecommunications industry does not appear to be getting easier. As this ecosystem grows in unpredictable technological directions, regulators today face an increasing array of challenges, reflecting the dizzying explosion of services and applications being carried over multiple digital networks - all of them subject to societal demands for regulation. The author, Dr. Bob Horton, suggested a framework for understanding the evolution of telecommunication regulation, postulating three different "generations" of regulatory practice.