As discussed in Chapter 2, following the intervention in Kosovo and the subsequent publication of The Responsibility to Protect optimism abounded regarding the capacity of human rights advocates, and global civil society in particular, to influence the behaviour of Western states and, more ambitiously, alter the norms governing international relations. The prescriptions advanced by the ICISS tallied significantly with the goals expressed by global civil society and those generally concerned with promulgating the human security agenda. The intervention in Kosovo and the publication of The Responsibility to Protect thus appeared to respectively constitute a precedent and a blueprint for the new interventionism.