See Berger and Szretter (2002). The women in this segment of the workforce are also employed under more flexible conditions, although not generally under the modality of "on call" workers (as is the case with men), and their employment also exhibits a greater degree of elasticity. Since unpaid domestic work generates a "savings" for the economy, the feminization of the workforce can have a negative effect if that savings is reduced (by paying for domestic work via private services or public services funded out of the government budget, since part of the value that domestic and care work transfers to the economy at no cost will no longer be channeled into the economic circuit but will instead increase the total wage bill).