The lack of comprehensive accreditation programmes for primary' care is a major weakness in the Czech Republic, Italy, Japan, Korea, Norway and Sweden. Norway, for example, only carries out planned, risk-based audits in primary care. By contrast, Australia, England and Portugal pursue another path by extending accreditation to the primary and community care sector. In particular, England’s approach to health service accreditation is at the forefront of OECD efforts, and is a model for other health care systems to emulate (see Case Study 11). It is unusually comprehensive as it accredits all providers of primary and social care (OECD, 2016a).