This is related to several specific aspects of pension system rules, including the nature of derived benefits, the rules regarding joint annuities and the existence and characteristics of contribution credits for care-related reasons. They have various underlying logics (for instance, some are based on the idea of economic dependence, others more clearly reward family members for their unpaid care work, while others are mainly concerned with basic poverty protection), but they are similar in that they all address the impact that the distribution of family roles, including paid and unpaid work in the family, can have on women’s future pension entitlements. The first relates to the changes that have been taking place over the past decades in both women’s lifecourses as well as pension system rules.