These enable the payer to specify the outcomes it wishes a care provider to deliver, while allowing the care provider flexibility in how services are designed to deliver those outcomes. Australia is already experimenting with advance payments for bundles of care for patients with complex needs in its Diabetes Care Project. The trial’s evaluation should inform future policy. This will oblige both levels of government and their respective policy makers to try to develop a more meaningful assessment of the needs of these communities and tailor their ways of paying them to suit the maintenance of needed services.