Adolescent boys in Kenya who live away from home (in boarding houses) were found to be more likely to have had sex than those living with both parents, but the same was not true for girls (Kiragu & Zabin, 1993). In rural north-west Tanzania, single parents tended to undertake little monitoring whereas in two-parent families one parent was likely to be present when the other was away (Wamoyi et al., Single mothers prioritised working long hours to provide the basic needs for their family, meaning there was little time to follow up on what their children were doing and they were too exhausted for conversation (ibid).