Conservation credit exchanges and payment for environmental services are discussed a lot, but are still rare in practice. Forest fragmentation, degradation and the conversion of primary forests to secondary or plantation forests will also reduce the supply of environmental benefits, particularly with regard to the conservation of native biodiversity. Endemic poverty persists in many indigenous communities and other rural forested areas. Sharp declines in forest sector employment have resulted in reduced livelihoods and caused hardship to unemployed workers and their communities, particularly in timber dependent areas.