An instrument such as the Pact could be used to accompany such a gradual devolution of responsibility. There are basins where charges have been applied at federal level, but not yet at all state levels, as in the case of the Sao Francisco, Doce and Paranaiba River basins.5 This may also create limitations in terms of the financial autonomy of the water agencies, given the fewer resources available (ANA, 2016). Some delegated water agencies have to deal with both federal and state authorities and face difficulties in applying different set of rules, inspections and more or less stringent regulation.