However, national laws stipulate that rents can be raised in designated monument areas, which then impedes upon the desire for mixed neighbourhoods. Some academics have declared the end of the planning doctrine alongside a diminished role for the Dutch social welfare state. In particular, it has been argued that the “green heart” as a national policy concept was a cornerstone of the planning doctrine, and that its demise thus marks the end of this approach (Faludi, 1991,1999, Faludi and van der Valk, 1997, Roodbol-Mekkes, van der Valk, Altes, 2012). In support of this argument, between 1989 and 1993, the population growth rate in the “green heart” was 4.8% - which was higher than the national average over that time at 3.0%- indicating that the area does indeed face development pressure (Needham, 2014: 46).