In particular, the Asian crisis and El Nino were two major factors behind the contraction of production during 1997-99. Overall, between 1990 and 2009, Gross Agricultural Output increased in volume terms by 97%, of which crop production by 97% and livestock production by 89%, compared with a population growth of 29% over the same period indicating a significant increase in production per capita. In the 1990s, overall TFP growth was weak, reflecting a fall in public spending in the sector that was not replaced by private investment.