In the Netherlands, for example, the provision of support and information on pollution-control technologies by RIZA significantly reduced the transaction costs for industry (Andersen, 2001). In addition, fears about the social consequences and structural dislocation for particular regions or communities (e.g. rural communities) have impeded subsidy reform and the introduction of water trading (Ridgeway, 2006, Kraemer, Interwies and Kampa, 2002). All environmental policy interventions create winners and losers - at least from an economic perspective.