Many political analyses of adaptation politics have been undertaken, ranging across an array of issues, locations and subjects and using a variety of political approaches, frameworks and concepts. In this chapter, four prominent and contrasting approaches are examined as these encompass much of this political scholarship: Institutional reform of decision-making, political economy, environmental justice and political ecology. Although each approach is distinct, there are some aspects shared between the approaches and these are described. A range of features of each approach are described, canvassing such aspects as ideology, political focus, key concerns, political realms of interest and normative goals. This chapter draws on the political context and political themes described in the preceding chapters.