The INDCs of several countries indicate that they are in the process of developing a NAP, and imply that this may take several years (e.g. Uruguay and South Africa’s INDC indicate that the NAP will be developed by 2020). There can also be a significant delay between developing an overarching adaptation strategy, and a plan to implement that strategy. For example, France established a National Adaptation Strategy in 2006, and it took until 2011 for a National Adaptation Plan to be developed (Climate-ADAPT, 2015).