Although it has been demonstrated that in the long term, factors such as demographic transition and economic growth have generally had a greater impact on poverty reduction than social policy, some countries have in recent years developed broader, more comprehensive and more coordinated policies, which have been particularly successful in reducing poverty and indigence. These include innovative link-ups between programmes to create employment —public works, job creation subsidies and subsidized lines of credit— and provide training for young people and the unemployed and the conditional transfer programmes. The latter will be considered later in this chapter.