It is more difficult to adequately measure the indirect effects, which result from such changes as the reorganization of production, land use and market areas, usually in response to the direct effects. For example, one of the unexpected indirect effects of a road project in rural Philippines was the collapse of the local fishing oligopoly, which enabled more people to partake in fishing (box 3.15). The area has a long history of being peripheral due to poor transport conditions and low accessibility.