Geographical isolation and terrain, dispersed populations, and high infrastructure and transport costs are key barriers to the electrification of rural and outer island areas of these countries (see also Chapter 9). In addition, based on the energy intensity indicator for Target 7.3, only Fiji, Samoa and Solomon Islands are expected to improve their energy efficiency by 2030, with the other countries not expected to achieve this target even in 2050. While the energy intensity indicator is an imperfect proxy as it can be affected by factors other than efficiency (climate, structure of the economy, nature of economic activities) (IAEG-SDGs, 2016c), the current general lack of attention to energy efficiency by Commonwealth Pacific small states (see Chapter 9) also signals that this target is unlikely to be met if this inattention continues.