This is most evident when considering a low-carbon future across all regions and sectors. Significant additional work is needed to carry forward a systems approach to energy access in emerging economies and developing countries, much of which will need to be targeted and conducted in relation to categories of use. Technology roadmaps specific to different regions - BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), the developing countries and the least-developed countries (LDCs)- could bring additional clarity to this discussion and generate the additional stakeholder engagement needed to provide sustainable energy access for all. Each energy subsystem will be explored according to its individual characteristics.