By 2014, these eight countries accounted for over 51% of the total. Within some emerging countries, notably Indonesia and China, the growth in PSE has been driven by a growth in the use of policies that are most distortionary in terms of their impact on trade - including market price support, output based payments and input subsidies. Other emerging economies, such as Brazil, show both a falling PSE and a shift tow'ards decoupled payments.