This Chapter supports the view that human rights can help cutting through the fog of the concept of autonomy in weapons systems for law enforcement purposes. Building on the ongoing debate, it will be argued that an approach based on international human rights law would clarify that the only possible and acceptable definition of autonomy implies a meaningful human control on the activities of autonomous weapons systems, thus fostering the idea that a ban on fully autonomous machines is desirable. Such a conclusion will be reached after an analysis of States’ positive obligations to protect human rights during law enforcement operations, in particular the right to life and the right to privacy.