However, reaping such benefits would require elaborate structural reform, which would take time to implement. Thus, positive budgetary effects might only materialise with a considerable lag. Similarly to health care, public education is a big-ticket spending item in government budgets (Figure 7). Higher spending on education that is quality enhancing tends to increase potential growth, but effects on income inequality appeal" to vary across countries and with the level of education. Analysis based on imputed values of education services used by households suggests that spending on compulsory education improves static income equity, while spending on tertiary education often produces the opposite outcome.11 Moreover, there can be a significant impact on the life-time income distribution.