This, therefore, calls for a deeper understanding of how fiscal policies and distributional programmes of governments could help reduce income inequality and promote shared prosperity. For the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, addressing inequality is not only crucial for political stability and social cohesion, but is also good economics and a development imperative. The objective of this chapter is to examine how governments’ fiscal and distributive policies have impacted inequalities and, based on the findings, to suggest how these policies can help accelerate the reduction of inequality in the continent. Income inequality is high, and according to the latest Gini index figures available, it fell from 0.475 to about 0.435 between 1993 and 2010 (Cornia, 2016:6).