Barriers can also emerge when mobility within shorter distances is low, due to lack of mass transit, which can limit job opportunities and also access to retraining. Due to the heterogeneity of challenges across States and localities, policy tailored to the local level is needed, but co-ordination is also required to ensure policy effectiveness. Unemployment, which had jumped to 10% of the labour force at the worst of the crisis, has receded to close to 4%, slightly below its pre-crisis level.