But disentangling the different effects of these forces is not easy. Technological progress may, for instance, be enhanced by closer trade integration while, at the same time, better communication facilities and technology may lead to greater trade integration. The wage-inequality effect of trade appears neutral even when only the effects of increased import penetration from emerging economies are considered - a finding that runs counter to the expectation that trade flows should drive down wages of workers in manufacturing and/or services in OECD countries.