Given these large changes, market-income inequality has been the main driver of inequality trends in disposable incomes.19 But redistribution policies had a substantial effect as well, especially since the mid-1990s. The difference between the Gini values for market incomes and disposable incomes is a measure of the overall redistributive (or equalising) effect of taxes and transfers (vertical distance between the dashed and the solid lines in Figure 7 and column 4 in Tables 4 and 5). On average across countries for which the necessary data are available, inequality increased both before and after taxes and transfers (Table 4).