The approach to some form of more ‘managed migration, negotiated and regulated between countries and regions, has been contingent on the growing realisation both that source countries cannot prevent migration and that accommodation to it might provide benefits, notably through remittances and return migration. It had a lengthy genesis, dating back at least to Nelson Mandela’s call in 1997 to regulate ‘poaching’, and the several regional codes, notably that for the Commonwealth and later the Pacific one. It also derived from the Commonwealth Secretariat’s Protocol for the Recruitment of Commonwealth Teachers (2004).