The objective is may not be to develop a working career but to contribute immediately to the household income for the benefit of younger members. Discrimination, occupational segregation, and work/family conflicts result in lower wages and fewer opportunities for women, regardless of labour market sector. Although a key advantage of enclave employment is access to resources that facilitate entrepreneurship, research shows that women in the mainstream economy encounter more barriers to self-employment than men. Therefore, enclave employment may be more exploitative of women (Gilbertson, 1995).