Research on performance-based pay for teachers is difficult and has produced mixed results, pointing to similar difficulties for the case of school leaders (see Chapter 5). Using appraisal for salary decisions may also have negative effects on the school climate, teamwork and collaboration among staff and a school leader’s internal motivation (Pashiardis and Brauckman, 2008, Pont et al., If appraisal informs pay decisions, a sound appraisal system must be in place, which includes clear performance criteria, reliable indicators, competent and trained evaluators and due attention to the particular contexts in which school leaders work (Pont et al.,