However, they focus on risk related to natural disasters and do not adequately address risk associated with routine operation of chemical facilities. Moreover, they are overly reliant on the efforts of under-resourced regional and local authorities and the chemicals industry itself. There do not appear to be arrangements in place to deal with chemical accidents with a potential cross-border dimension. The national authorities should play a more active role in establishing an effective policy framework and in overseeing and providing guidance for subnational authorities’ activities in this area.