Using data from 4 000 households in rural Indonesia, Gibson and Olivia (2010) showed that improved access to roads and electricity positively affected both employment and income for nonfarm enterprises. The Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Rural Infrastructure Support helped villagers of Trimulyo to develop the local economy by constructing an all-weather road. The new road lowered transportation costs, which allowed greater use of fertiliser and in turn increased outputs.