Beyond core innovation policies, such as S&T and education, there are other policies whose impacts must be taken into account, e.g. taxation policy, competition laws and regulations, etc., This can be hindered by the compartmentalisation of relevant policies in different departments and agencies. The primary objectives of such policies may not be support of business R&D and innovation. The incremental accretion of policy instruments, if widespread and long-standing, can result in complex and dense policy mixes.