Some references also include a cross-cutting context dimension.3 Indicators to monitor and evaluate biodiversity mainstreaming can be derived for each of these components (Table 5.1). Theory of change is a specific type of methodology for planning, participation and evaluation that is used in the philanthropy, not-for-profit and government sectors to promote social change. Examples of contextual factors include political leadership and stability, and macroeconomic and fiscal policies (Thomas, 2014).