This final chapter addresses two major challenges to the perspective of Hobbesian internationalism developed in this book: globalisation and the resurgence of private authority. Processes of globalisation, global governance, and Foucauldian governmentality have been associated with the spread of agencies—networks, private security companies, and other subnational and supranational actors—that operate across state borders. These processes presuppose values other than freedom such as economic efficiency, speed, even posthumanism, their agencies are not always clearly identifiable, and their authority remains private. The chapter shows that enthusiasm about such global trends may be premature. In the concluding section, the Lockean model of private authority is compared with the Hobbesian/Kantian model of public authority. On this basis, a global public realm committed to freedom is defended against the alternative of a private public realm predicated on efficiency.