Multiculturalism, which clearly has major implications for any discussion of cultural rights, has become a very contested field. This chapter explores the relationship between cultural diversity and cultural rights, and the relationship of both to realization of culturally and politically democratic society. Globalization has brought about the paradoxical situation of the growing awareness of and contact with other cultures, combined with pressures toward homogenization and the supposed superior status of certain examples. This chapter explores these issues in relation to emerging concepts of citizenship generated not only by multiculturalism, but also by the ecological crisis and the search for sustainability. It links this to debates initiated in the previous chapters on the possibility of a global ethics and the place of values in debates about cultural rights in the context of diversity.