First, they can manage their country’s integration into GVCs in such a way as to raise its developmental impact, by embedding GVCs in the country’s overall development strategy, building domestic productive capacities, implementing a strong environmental, social and governance framework and synergizing trade and investment policies and institutions (UNCTAD, 2013b: 175-210). Authorities need to negotiate with foreign investors in order to obtain the creation of domestic linkages and technology transfer to local firms, since international integration through GVCs and FDI have a lasting developmental effect only when they are complemented by continuous technological capability-building by participating domestic firms (so as to avoid being locked into labour-intensive, lower-productivity activities). Policies should also target the creation of linkages with other domestic firms that can learn and upgrade through these linkages.