The variables driving willingness to pay include the rapid and efficient access to information, savings in transportation for conducting transactions, and benefits in health and entertainment. In this case, due to the data limitations, they restricted their analysis to the benefit derived from price declines, which necessarily underestimates its total impact. Nevertheless, the researchers determined that for 2009, the total Brazilian broadband surplus represented USD 7.03 billion, of which 22 per cent should be considered to be consumer driven.