It is part of a joint project between EC and OECD (VS/2016/0005 (DI150038), Cooperation with the OECD on Assessing Activating and Enabling Benefits and Services in the EU) covering six countries: Estonia, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal and Spain. The results are published in six separate papers and are also available through the project website: http://www.oecd.org/social/faces-of-ioblessness.htm. Herwig Immervoll coordinated the project and the preparation of this report. All views and any errors are the responsibility of the authors.