For instance, this is often claimed to be the case for many European OECD countries (Parry and Small, 2005, Ley and Boccardo, 2010). For several OECD countries, excise taxation is considered exceeding the externalities related to petrol, but underpricing diesel (Egert, 2012). In addition, a large share of environmentally-related revenues comes from motor vehicle taxes (over 20% on average).