More autonomy for NTTC staff to market patented technology could make NTTCs more effective in increasing the utilisation rate of university patents. The East China University of Science and Technology for instance managed to build up a patent-transfer and commercialisation system and reached a 53% utilisation rate (Luan et al., Zhejiang University established its own Science and Technology Development and Transfer Office in the early 1980s and maintains close contacts with local governments.