Last-resort guaranteed minimum-income programmes (GMI), such as SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, formerly food stamps) or TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) in the United States, and “Social Assistance” benefits in most European countries, have seen relatively few explicit changes in benefit amounts, although benefit levels have frequently not kept up with earnings growth so that GMI recipients are likely to have slipped further down the income distribution(notably Finland, Poland and Spain). After 2007, benefit erosion continued but tended to be less rapid, mainly because average wages growth was slower. The United States was an exception to this pattern, with a moderate post-GR increase in SNAP benefit levels relative to average wages.