One study surveyed 16 global voluntary sustainability standards across 10 major commodities and estimated a global traded value of US$31.6 billion in 2012.5 To be clear, these labels deal with more than just climate change issues, but carbon-based criteria are central to many of the schemes including, for example, Rainforest Alliance and UTZ. The State of Sustainability Initiatives Review 2014: Standards and Che Green Economy. First, the various methodologies for calculating embodied carbon are arguably not reliable enough to use as a basis for labels that will have signifcant trade and market impacts.6 There is no single agreed method for calculating a product's embedded carbon, and the differing assumptions used in terms of scope and boundary of the life-cycle assessment will yield dramatically different results for the same goods. As well, data availability, reliability and compatibility are critical problems, data at the producer level for agricultural products is particularly difficult.