Education and urbanisation influence both population and income levels (and are affected by them), but also the composition of sectoral demand. Climate change affects all aspects of the nexus directly and indirectly. Not least, climate lchange influences the hydrological cycle, resulting in shifts in annual water availability in many regions, and also in more erratic precipitation patterns including extreme events such as droughts and excess rainfall. Reduced water availability can increase competition for water between sectors, as described above.