An additional USD 1.5 billion is provided by multilateral agencies and USD 0.1 billion is spent on STI by non-DAC members reporting to the CRS. The largest provider of concessional financing to STI is the United States, with a strong commitment to support research and innovation in the health sector, and the United Kingdom, which has recently scaled up its effort to support research for global challenges. Together, these two countries provides half of the DAC members’ total support to STI. However, other countries, such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand, provide a greater share of their total bilateral ODA as support to STI.