Isotop hafnium
Artikel Wikipedia
[[Judul]]
Isotop hafnium


[[Artikel]]
Hafnium (72Hf) yang terbentuk secara alami terdiri dari lima isotop stabil (176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, dan 180Hf) dan satu radioisotop berumur sangat panjang, 174Hf, dengan waktu paruh  tahun. Selain itu, ada 30 radioisotop lain yang diketahui, yang paling stabil adalah 182Hf dengan waktu paruh  tahun. Radionuklida yang telah punah ini digunakan dalam penanggalan hafnium–wolfram untuk mempelajari kronologi diferensiasi planet.

Tidak ada radioisotop lain yang memiliki waktu paruh lebih dari 1,87 tahun. Kebanyakan isotop memiliki waktu paruh di bawah 1 menit. Ada juga 26 isomer nuklir yang diketahui, yang paling stabil adalah 178m2Hf dengan waktu paruh 31 tahun. Semua isotop hafnium bersifat radioaktif atau stabil secara pengamatan, artinya mereka diprediksi bersifat radioaktif tetapi tidak ada peluruhan aktual yang teramati.

Daftar isotop

|-
| 153Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 81
| 152,97069(54)#
| 400# mdtk [>200 ndtk]
|
|
| 1/2+#
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 153mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 750(100)# keV
| 500# mdtk
|
|
| 11/2−#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|154Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 82
| rowspan=2|153,96486(54)#
| rowspan=2|2(1) dtk
| β+
| 154Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (langka)
| 150Yb
|-
| rowspan=2|155Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83
| rowspan=2|154,96339(43)#
| rowspan=2|890(120) mdtk
| β+
| 155Lu
| rowspan=2|7/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (langka)
| 151Yb
|-
| rowspan=2|156Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84
| rowspan=2|155,95936(22)
| rowspan=2|23(1) mdtk
| α (97%)
| 152Yb
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (3%)
| 156Lu
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 156mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1959,0(10) keV
| 480(40) μdtk
|
|
| 8+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|157Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85
| rowspan=2|156,95840(21)#
| rowspan=2|115(1) mdtk
| α (86%)
| 153Yb
| rowspan=2|7/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (14%)
| 157Lu
|-
| rowspan=2|158Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86
| rowspan=2|157,954799(19)
| rowspan=2|2,84(7) dtk
| β+ (55%)
| 158Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (45%)
| 154Yb
|-
| rowspan=2|159Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87
| rowspan=2|158,953995(18)
| rowspan=2|5,20(10) dtk
| β+ (59%)
| 159Lu
| rowspan=2|7/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (41%)
| 155Yb
|-
| rowspan=2|160Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88
| rowspan=2|159,950684(12)
| rowspan=2|13,6(2) dtk
| β+ (99,3%)
| 160Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0,7%)
| 156Yb
|-
| rowspan=2|161Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89
| rowspan=2|160,950275(24)
| rowspan=2|18,2(5) dtk
| β+ (99,7%)
| 161Lu
| rowspan=2|3/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0,3%)
| 157Yb
|-
| rowspan=2|162Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2|161,94721(1)
| rowspan=2|39,4(9) dtk
| β+ (99,99%)
| 162Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0,008%)
| 158Yb
|-
| rowspan=2|163Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91
| rowspan=2|162,94709(3)
| rowspan=2|40,0(6) dtk
| β+
| 163Lu
| rowspan=2|3/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (10−4%)
| 159Yb
|-
| 164Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 92
| 163,944367(22)
| 111(8) dtk
| β+
| 164Lu
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 165Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 93
| 164,94457(3)
| 76(4) dtk
| β+
| 165Lu
| (5/2−)
|
|
|-
| 166Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 94
| 165,94218(3)
| 6,77(30) mnt
| β+
| 166Lu
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 167Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 95
| 166,94260(3)
| 2,05(5) mnt
| β+
| 167Lu
| (5/2)−
|
|
|-
| 168Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 96
| 167,94057(3)
| 25,95(20) mnt
| β+
| 168Lu
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 169Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 97
| 168,94126(3)
| 3,24(4) mnt
| β+
| 169Lu
| (5/2)−
|
|
|-
| 170Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 98
| 169,93961(3)
| 16,01(13) jam
| EC
| 170Lu
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 171Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 99
| 170,94049(3)
| 12,1(4) jam
| β+
| 171Lu
| 7/2(+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 171mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 21,93(9) keV
| 29,5(9) dtk
| IT
| 171Hf
| 1/2(−)
|
|
|-
| 172Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 100
| 171,939448(26)
| 1,87(3) thn
| EC
| 172Lu
| 0+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 172mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2005,58(11) keV
| 163(3) ndtk
|
|
| (8−)
|
|
|-
| 173Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 101
| 172,94051(3)
| 23,6(1) jam
| β+
| 173Lu
| 1/2−
|
|
|-
| 174Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 102
| 173,940046(3)
| 2,0(4) thn
| α
| 170Yb
| 0+
| 0,0016(1)
| 0,001619–0,001621
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 174m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1549,3 keV
| 138(4) ndtk
|
|
| (6+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 174m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1797,5(20) keV
| 2,39(4) μdtk
|
|
| (8−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 174m3Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3311,7 keV
| 3,7(2) μdtk
|
|
| (14+)
|
|
|-
| 175Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 103
| 174,941509(3)
| 70(2) hri
| β+
| 175Lu
| 5/2−
|
|
|-
| 176Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 104
| 175,9414086(24)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan
| 0+
| 0,0526(7)
| 0,05206–0,05271
|-
| 177Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 105
| 176,9432207(23)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan
| 7/2−
| 0,1860(9)
| 0,18593–0,18606
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 177m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1315,4504(8) keV
| 1,09(5) dtk
|
|
| 23/2+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 177m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1342,38(20) keV
| 55,9(12) μdtk
|
|
| (19/2−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 177m3Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2740,02(15) keV
| 51,4(5) mnt
|
|
| 37/2−
|
|
|-
| 178Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 106
| 177,9436988(23)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan
| 0+
| 0,2728(7)
| 0,27278–0,27297
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 178m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1147,423(5) keV
| 4,0(2) dtk
|
|
| 8−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 178m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2445,69(11) keV
| 31(1) thn
|
|
| 16+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 178m3Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2573,5(5) keV
| 68(2) μdtk
|
|
| (14−)
|
|
|-
| 179Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 107
| 178,9458161(23)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan
| 9/2+
| 0,1362(2)
| 0,13619–0,1363
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 375,0367(25) keV
| 18,67(4) dtk
|
|
| 1/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1105,84(19) keV
| 25,05(25) hri
|
|
| 25/2−
|
|
|-
| 180Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 108
| 179,9465500(23)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan
| 0+
| 0,3508(16)
| 0,35076–0,351
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1141,48(4) keV
| 5,47(4) jam
|
|
| 8−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1374,15(4) keV
| 0,57(2) μdtk
|
|
| (4−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m3Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2425,8(10) keV
| 15(5) μdtk
|
|
| (10+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m4Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2486,3(9) keV
| 10(1) μdtk
|
|
| 12+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m5Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2538,3(12) keV
| >10 μdtk
|
|
| (14+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m6Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3599,3(18) keV
| 90(10) μdtk
|
|
| (18−)
|
|
|-
| 181Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 109
| 180,9491012(23)
| 42,39(6) hri
| β−
| 181Ta
| 1/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 595(3) keV
| 80(5) μdtk
|
|
| (9/2+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1040(10) keV
| ~100 μdtk
|
|
| (17/2+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m3Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1738(10) keV
| 1,5(5) mdtk
|
|
| (27/2−)
|
|
|-
| 182Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 110
| 181,950554(7)
| 8,90(9) thn
| β−
| 182Ta
| 0+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 182mHf
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1172,88(18) keV
| rowspan=2|61,5(15) mnt
| β− (58%)
| 182Ta
| rowspan=2|8−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (42%)
| 182Hf
|-
| 183Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 111
| 182,95353(3)
| 1,067(17) jam
| β−
| 183Ta
| (3/2−)
|
|
|-
| 184Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 112
| 183,95545(4)
| 4,12(5) jam
| β−
| 184Ta
| 0+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 184mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1272,4(4) keV
| 48(10) dtk
| β−
| 184Ta
| 8−
|
|
|-
| 185Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 113
| 184,95882(21)#
| 3,5(6) mnt
| β−
| 185Ta
| 3/2−#
|
|
|-
| 186Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 114
| 185,96089(32)#
| 2,6(12) mnt
| β−
| 186Ta
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 187Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 115
| 186,96459(43)#
| 30# dtk [>300 ndtk]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 188Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 116
| 187,96685(54)#
| 20# dtk [>300 ndtk]
|
|
| 0+
|
|

Referensi

 Massa isotop dari:

 Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:

 Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.

Isotop hafnium
Hafnium
Hafnium