Gustav Mahler
Artikel Wikipedia
[[Judul]]
Gustav Mahler


[[Artikel]]
Gustav Mahler (lahir 7 Juli 1860 - meninggal 18 Mei 1911) merupakan seorang komposer berkebangsaan Austria. Dia menjadi terkenal saat memimpin sebagai konduktor di tempat gedung opera. Dia berkarier sebagai konduktor sejak tahun 1881. Pada tahun 1901 dia pindah ke villa baru di Danau Majernigg, Carinthia. Dia meninggal dunia pada tahun 1911.

Karya

Simfoni 

 Symphony No. 1 in D major (?1884–1888; rev. 1893–1896; 2nd rev. 1906).
 Symphony No. 2 in C minor (1888–1894; rev. 1903)
 Symphony No. 3 in D minor (1893–1896; rev. 1906)
 Symphony No. 4 in G major (1892, 1899–1900; rev. 1901–1910)
 Symphony No. 5 in C-sharp minor/D major (1901–1902; scoring repeatedly rev.)
 Symphony No. 6 in A minor (1903–1904; rev. 1906; scoring repeatedly rev.)
 Symphony No. 7 in E minor (1904–1905; scoring repeatedly rev.)

 Symphony No. 8 in E-flat major (1906–1907)
 Das Lied von der Erde (subtitled A Symphony for One Tenor and One Alto (or Baritone) Voice and Orchestra, After Hans Bethge's "The Chinese Flute") (1908–1909)
 Symphony No. 9 in D major (1908–1909)
 Symphony No. 10 (1910–1911) (unfinished; a continuous "beginning-to-end" draft of 1,945 bars exists, but much of it is not fully elaborated and most of it not orchestrated.)
 Various completions by:
 Adagio (first movement) and "Purgatorio" (third movement) prepared for performance by Ernst Krenek with contributions from Franz Schalk, Alban Berg and Alexander Zemlinsky (1924)
 Joseph Wheeler (1948–1965)
 Deryck Cooke, assisted by Berthold Goldschmidt, Colin Matthews and David Matthews (1960, 1964, 1976, 1989)
 Clinton Carpenter (1966)
 Remo Mazzetti, Jr. (1989)
 Rudolf Barshai (2000)
 The duo of Nicola Samale dan Giuseppe Mazzucca (2002)

Karya vokal 

 Das klagende Lied, cantata (1880; rev. 1893, 1898)
 Drei Lieder, three songs for tenor and piano (1880)
 Lieder und Gesänge, fourteen songs with piano accompaniment (1880–1890)
 Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen, for voice with piano or orchestral accompaniment (1883–1885)
(literally Songs of a Travelling Journeyman, usually translated as Songs of a Wayfarer.)
 Lieder aus "Des Knaben Wunderhorn" (The Youth's Magic Horn), for voice with piano or orchestral accompaniment (1888–1896; two others 1899 and 1901)
 Rückert Lieder, for voice with piano or orchestral accompaniment (1901–1902)
 Kindertotenlieder (Songs on the Death of Children), for voice and orchestra (1901–1904)
 Das Lied von der Erde (The Song of the Earth) for alto (or baritone) and tenor soloists and orchestra (1908–1909)

Karya lain 

 Piano Quartet in A minor (1876)

Pranala luar 
 

 Obituaries
 Mahler's obituary in the Musical Times of June 1911 
 Biographies and essays
 Discovering Mahler  The fourth and final volume of Donald Mitchell's study of the composer and his music (The Boydell Press 2007)
 Gustav Mahler Profile on the BBC
 Gustav Mahler Profile  on the Classical Composers Database
 An survey of Mahler Symphonies recordings 
 Lewis Thomas: Late Night Thoughts on Listening to Mahler's Ninth Symphony 
 Gustav Mahler and the Crisis of Jewish Identity
 Andante Mahler page 
 Gustav Mahler: Symphony # 4 , written by Peter Gutmann, music journalist.
 Mahler organizations, archives...
 The Gustav Mahler Society (UK) 
 The Gustav Mahler Society of New York
 The International Gustav Mahler Society 
 The Mahler Archives 
 Médiathèque Musicale Mahler 
 gustav-mahler.es (Spain) 
  The Gustav Mahler Society (Czech Republic)  - maintains Mahler's Birthplace
 Recordings, books and sheet music
 Project Gutenberg Australia has a biography of Gustav Mahler by Gabriel Engel (1892-1952), Gustav Mahler, Song Symphonist 
 
 "What the Universe Tells Me: Unraveling the Mysteries of Mahler's Third Symphony" a 2 DVD set from VAI

Mahler