title: Domantas Sabonis

text: On July 6, 2017, Sabonis was traded, along with Victor Oladipo, to the Indiana Pacers in exchange for Paul George. Due to the unexpected trade, he not only missed the 2017 NBA Summer League, but was also ruled out from representing the Lithuanian national team during EuroBasket 2017. In his debut for the Pacers in their season opener on October 18, Sabonis had 16 points and seven rebounds in a 140–131 win over the Brooklyn Nets. On October 29, he had 22 points and 12 rebounds, while going 9-of-9 from the field in a 97–94 win over the San Antonio Spurs. Two days later, he recorded a then career-high 16 rebounds, in addition to 12 points and five assists, in a 101–83 win over the Sacramento Kings. On November 2, he recorded a then career-high six assists in addition to 15 points and 12 rebounds in a 124–107 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers. On December 18, he had a career-high three blocked shots to go with 17 points and eight rebounds in a 109–97 win over the Nets. On January 3, 2018, he had a then career-high 24 points on 10-of-13 shooting in a 122–101 loss to the Milwaukee Bucks. While participating in the 2018 NBA Rising Stars Challenge, Sabonis recorded 13 points, 11 rebounds and three assists to help Team World defeat Team USA 155–124. On April 8, he scored a then career-high 30 points in a 123–117 win over the Charlotte Hornets. In Game 5 of the Pacers' first-round playoff series against the Cavaliers, Sabonis scored a then-playoff career-high 22 points in a 98–95 loss.


title: Domantas Sabonis

text: On October 21, 2019, one day before start of the 2019–20 season, Sabonis signed a four-year, $77 million contract extension with the Pacers. On November 1, Sabonis recorded a then career-high 17 rebounds in a 102–95 win versus the Cleveland Cavaliers. On November 18, Sabonis recorded a then career-high 18 rebounds, and helping his team to get a 115–86 victory versus the Brooklyn Nets. In December 2019, he was chosen as the Lithuanian Player of the Year for a second consecutive year. On December 15, 2019, Sabonis got his 12th consecutive double-double and improved previous Pacers record for the most consecutive double-doubles, which was held by Troy Murphy since 2009. On January 21, 2020, Sabonis became the first Lithuanian in the NBA history to record a triple-double with 22 points, 15 rebounds and 10 assists as the Pacers won 115–107 over the Denver Nuggets. On January 26, he recorded his second triple-double with 27 points, 14 rebounds and a then career-high 11 assists. On January 30, Sabonis was chosen to the 2020 NBA All-Star Game after averaging 18 points, 12.8 rebounds, 4.6 assists, and became only the second Lithuanian to be chosen as an NBA All-Star, the other being Žydrūnas Ilgauskas. Sabonis also participated in the NBA All-Star Weekend Skills Challenge in 2020 and was just 1 shot away from the trophy, after being defeated only in the final by Bam Adebayo. During his first NBA All-Star Game appearance, Sabonis scored 2 points, grabbed 6 rebounds per 19 minutes and helped Team LeBron to win 157–155.


title: Domantas Sabonis

text: On December 23, 2020, Sabonis started the 2020–21 season with a new career-high of 32 points, along with 13 rebounds, five assists, and one steal, and led his team to a 121–107 victory versus the New York Knicks. On December 27, 2020, Sabonis put up 19 points and 10 rebounds, alongside a game-winning layup, in a 108–107 win over the Boston Celtics. On January 9, 2021, Sabonis achieved his new rebounding record by having a double-double of 28 points, 22 rebounds, and 4 assists (this way he became the first player of the Pacers to have a double-double of at least 20 points and 20 rebounds in 3 quarters), but his team lost 125–117 to the Phoenix Suns. On January 22, 2021, Sabonis set his career's new record of steals by having five of them, along with 18 points, 11 rebounds, and nine assists, his team won 120–118 in OT versus the Orlando Magic after he made a last shot to tie the game in the fourth quarter. On February 3, 2021, Sabonis improved his scoring record by having 33 points, 12 rebounds, and six assists in just 3 quarters, however his team lost to the Milwaukee Bucks 110–130. On February 17, 2021, Sabonis once again improved his scoring record by having a triple-double of 36 points, 17 rebounds, and ten assists, leading his team to a 134–128 victory versus the Minnesota Timberwolves, becoming the first player of the Pacers to have at least 30 points, 15 rebounds, and 10 assists in a single NBA game.


title: Domantas Sabonis

text: On February 26, he was named an All-Star, as an injury replacement to Kevin Durant. At the 2021 All-Star Game, Sabonis beat Nikola Vučević to win the Skills Challenge. On March 17, Sabonis logged his sixth triple-double of the season with 18 points, 11 rebounds and 11 assists in a 124–115 loss to the Brooklyn Nets, setting a new franchise record for the most number of triple-doubles in a season. After missing six games due to a back injury, Sabonis returned to action on May 1. He logged a triple-double at the first half and finished the game with 26 points, 19 rebounds and 14 assists across 30 minutes in a 152–95 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder, becoming the third player in league history to log a triple-double by halftime while also making history as the only player to record a 20-point triple-double at the break. In his efforts, Sabonis helped the Pacers record the biggest road win in league history and the second-biggest win in franchise history. On May 11, Sabonis logged his ninth triple-double of the season with 16 points, 13 rebounds and a then career-high 15 assists in a 103–94 win over the Philadelphia 76ers.


title: Domantas Sabonis

text: On February 2, 2023, Sabonis was named to his third NBA All-Star team as a reserve for the Western Conference. He, along with De'Aaron Fox, became the first Kings players to be named All-Stars since DeMarcus Cousins in 2016. On February 23, first game after the All-Star Weekend, Sabonis logged a triple-double with 18 points, 17 rebounds and 10 assists in a 133–116 victory over the Portland Trail Blazers. On March 13, Sabonis had 23 points, 17 rebounds and 15 assists for his 10th triple-double of the season in a 133–124 loss against the Milwaukee Bucks. He also tied Michael Jordan for 19th place in career triple-doubles with 28. On April 9, Sabonis ended the regular season as the league leader in rebounds, averaging 12.3 rebounds per game. He also achieved career-highs in field goal percentage (.615 FG%) and assists per game (7.3). On May 10, 2023, Sabonis was named to his first All-NBA team, making the third team with Kings teammate De'Aaron Fox. This is the first Sacramento-era season where multiple Kings players made the All-NBA team. On April 17, he scored a playoff career-high 24 points in the Kings' 114–106 victory against the Golden State Warriors. At one point during the game, he grabbed Draymond Green's leg and was stomped on the chest by Green afterwards. As a result, Sabonis was assessed with a technical foul. The Kings were eliminated in seven games.


title: Domantas Sabonis

text: Sabonis made his international debut with the Lithuania U-16 national team at the 2012 FIBA U-16 European Championship, averaging 14.1 points, 14.4 rebounds and 2.4 assists per game. He grabbed a tournament-high 27 rebounds against Poland on July 27. In 2013, at 17 years of age, Sabonis played for the Lithuania U-18 team in 2013 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship. He averaged 14 points, 11.4 rebounds and 1.4 assists per game and was tournament leader in rebounds per game. While playing against Serbia, he scored 22 points, grabbed 22 rebounds and dished out 3 assists. Lithuania won the game 74-70 in OT. In 2014, coach Jonas Kazlauskas included Sabonis on the preliminary list for the Lithuania men's national basketball team. In 2014, D.Sabonis played in the FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship for the second time. This time he averaged 15.9 points, 12.0 rebounds and 3.6 assists per game. On July 9, 2015, he was invited to join the Lithuania men's national team training camp for the first time. On July 15, by participating in 2015 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship, Sabonis achieved the tournament rebounds record by grabbing 28 against Ukraine. He led the tournament at 13.2 rebounds per game.


title: Purple-throated sunbird

text: In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the purple-throated sunbird in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in the Philippines. He used the French name Le grimpereau pourpré des Philippines and the Latin Certhia Philippensis Purpurea. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the purple-throated sunbird. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Certhia sperata and cited Brisson's work. Linnaeus specified the type location as the Philippines but this was subsequently restricted to Manila. The specific name sperata is Latin for "bride" or "betrothed". The species is now placed in the genus Leptocoma was introduced by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1850.


title: West Coast Naval Command

text: The West Coast Naval Command was formed as a war unit on 1 January 1928, with the name West Coast Naval District. The background was the lack of clear command conditions and a unified staff for the Swedish coastal areas in war or in danger of war. Through the Defence Act of 1925, the territorial waters along the Swedish coast were divided into naval districts, where the West Coast Naval District constituted one of six naval districts. The naval district included the territorial waters, the naval defence district and the part that constituted land territory. By the Defence Act of 1936, it was decided that all naval districts would be peace-organized from 1 July 1937. With the new organization, the naval district came to include staff, personnel department, quartermaster administration, health care administration, kameralkontor, and from 1 August 1939 ship depots were added, as well as naval depots and Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Detachment. From 1 October 1942, the organization was expanded in the form of the Gothenburg Department for the ship units, the Gothenburg Coastal Artillery Defence and Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment, and in 1943 with the Gothenburg Naval Station (Göteborgs örlogsstation) and the Gothenburg Naval Yard (Göteborgs örlogsvarv). In the years 1939–1945, the naval district also consisted of the Väner Department (Väneravdelningen) with associated ship detachment, fish distribution center and a coast guard department.


title: West Coast Naval Command

text: On 1 October 1957, the West Coast Naval District was reorganized into Naval Command West, where Gothenburg Coastal Artillery Defence was separated so that on 1 July 1958, it formed its own authority. Gothenburg Coastal Artillery Defence itself was amalgamated with Gothenburg and Bohus as well as Halland Defence District (Fo 32/31) and adopted the name Gothenburg and Bohus as well as Halland Defence District together with Gothenburg Coastal Artillery Defence (Gbk/Fo 32/31). The new organization consisted of a command organization with staff and administration, the 5th Coastal Artillery Brigade, the 12th Coastal Artillery Group and the Bohus Group (Bohusgruppen). From 1960, the 2nd Helicopter Division (2. helikopterdivisionen) was also added, which was initially based at Torslanda Airfield. On 1 October 1966, a new regional command was introduced within the Swedish Armed Forces. Thus, the Naval Command West adopted the new name West Coast Naval Base. The West Coast Naval Base was in turn directly subordinate to the military commander of the Western Military District, from having previously been directly subordinate to the Chief of the Navy. The West Coast Naval Base in turn consisted of staff and administration, as well as Älvsborg Radio, the coast guard organization and ships and helicopter units.


title: West Coast Naval Command

text: Prior to the Defence Act of 1982, the government proposed to the Riksdag in its Bill 1981/82:102 new savings within the Swedish Armed Forces. Among other things, that the basic training at the West Coast Military Command with Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment would be reduced to a greater extent than what the Supreme Commander had proposed. The remaining basic training would then be limited to mainly radar and naval mine training. Furthermore, the government proposed that and that Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment should be separated from the West Coast Military Command, and instead form an independent unit. The government also proposed, for regional policy reasons, that the Swedish Navy Officer College in Gothenburg (Marinens officershögskola i Göteborg, MOHS G) and the main part of the Swedish Navy Medical School (Marinens sjukvårdsskola, MSjukvS) be located in Karlskrona. The background to the savings and the restructuring in Gothenburg, was due to the fact that the government wanted to keep the basic training at Härnösand Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 5). The activities that remained at the West Coast Military Command in Gothenburg were concentrated to Västerberget and Käringberget. Through Government Bill 1983/84:112 the Riksdag decided on 15 March 1984 that Nya Varvet would be left, and that the basic training battalion at Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment would be disbanded, and that rear maintenance and major inspections of naval ships would be concentrated at the South Coast Naval Base and the East Coast Naval Base.


title: West Coast Naval Command

text: Prior to the Defence Act of 1996, stage 2, the government proposed to the Riksdag to reduce the number of defence district staffs from 24 to 16 staffs. Among other things, it was proposed that the defence district staff in Borås should be disbanded. In the government's budget bill 1997/98:1, the government also proposed that the defence district staff in Skövde should be disbanded. This is against the background that Västra Götaland County would form a defence district with a defence district staff in Gothenburg at the West Coast Naval Command. In its place for the two former defence district staffs in Borås and Skövde, the Skaraborg Group (Skaraborgsgruppen) and the Älvsborg Group (Älvsborgsgruppen) were formed. As a further decision in the Defence Act of 1996, Öresund Naval District (Öresunds marindistrikt) was also proposed to be included in the West Coast Naval Command. The new organization, which the Riksdag adopted on two occasions, came into force on 1 January 1998, and where the West Coast Naval Command was given the somewhat unusually long name "West Coast Naval Command including the Öresund Naval District and Västra Götaland Defence District (MKV/Fo 32)". In everyday speech, however, the West Coast Naval Command was used. Prior to the Defence District, the Swedish Armed Forces proposed to the government that training activities at the Gothenburg Marine Brigade should cease, however, the government considered in its bill that, given the importance of the Gothenburg area, training of amphibious units would be maintained. However, there was a change in the Defence Act regarding the coastal artillery, that the production responsibility for the Gothenburg Marine Brigade ceased on 31 December 1997, as well as the production responsibility for the 12th Helicopter Division (12. helikopterdivisionen).


title: West Coast Naval Command

text: When the West Coast Naval Command was formed in 1928, the naval district commander would exercise command over all units, bodies and institutions within the naval district, which included local naval forces, naval fortifications, coastal artillery defence, naval station (or naval depot) and naval shipyards. With the expansion of the unit during World War II, large parts of the naval defence on the west coast were demobilized. However, the mine sweeping units remained, which cleared naval mines along the west coast until 1976, when all Swedish waters were declared free of mines. From 1 October 1958, the Naval Command's primary mission was to protect maritime import traffic from enemy submarines, aircraft, and mines. The coastal artillery defence had by this time been separated and formed an independent authority. The commander of the Naval Command West was directly subordinate to the Chief of the Navy regarding the operational command of the naval forces. On 1 October 1966, a new regional leadership was introduced throughout the Swedish Armed Forces, which meant that the operational responsibility was transferred to the military commander of the Western Military District. With the new organization, the protection of maritime import traffic was downgraded in favor of strengthening the invasion defense.


title: West Coast Naval Command

text: In connection with the formation of Naval Command West on 1 July 1986, the command was organized into two parts, tactical command for land and sea and division into sections. In addition to the commander of the Naval Command, the position of deputy commander of the Naval Command was established, and where the role of cief of staff was dedicated to an army officer. Through the Defence Act of 1996, the command was given two new tasks, to support or participate in international operations and to support society in the event of severe strains. The new support to society was noticed in 1999, for example, when a fire occurred on MS Scandinavian Star and in the 2000 floods in Sweden, which affected Dalsland, among other places. Through the Defence Act of 2000, the West Coast Naval Command was disbanded on 30 June 2000. Before the command was disbanded, a handover ceremony was held on 20 June 2000 at Muskö naval base. Where the naval operational responsibility was handed over to the commander of the Naval Tactical Command, at the same time as the commander of the West Coast Naval Command received the ground territorial responsibility for Scania Defence District (Skåne försvarsområde, Fo 14), Blekinge Defence District (Blekinge försvarsområde, Fo 15), Småland Defence District (Smålands försvarsområde, Fo 17) and Halland Defence District (Hallands försvarsområde, Fo 31). From 1 July 2000, the Southern Military District was formed, which took over the territorial responsibility as well as a large part of the staff from the West Coast Naval Command, which then consisted of about 50% army officers.


title: West Coast Naval Command

text: From 1 October 1966, the unit consisted of the 1st Frigate Flotilla (1. fregattflottiljen), the 6th Submarine Flotilla (6. ubåtsflottiljen), the 15th Torpedo Boat Division (15. torpedbåtsdivisionen), the 3rd Minelayer Flotilla (3. minfartygsflottiljen), the 6th Mine-Sweeping Detachment (6. minröjningsavdelningen), the 2nd Helicopter Division (2. helikopterdivisionen), the 52nd Air Reconnaissance Group (52. flygspaningsgruppen) (from the Swedish Air Force) and the 145th HQ Battalion (145. basbataljonen) and 147th HQ Battalion (147. basbataljonen) from the Swedish Army. From 1 July 1986, the unit organization consisted of staff with a production, personnel and fortification unit. The units within the command consisted of Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment, the 6th Mine Warfare Division (6. minkrigsavdelningen), the 12th Helicopter Division (12. helikopterdivisionen), the 18th Patrol Boat Division (18. patrullbåtsdivisionen), and the Western Naval Command Maintenance Battalion (Västra marinkommandounderhållsbataljonen), as well as the Bohus Group (Bohusgruppen) and the Gothenburg Group (Göteborgsgruppen). From 1 July 1995, the unit organization consisted of staff with naval surveillance and radio station, 18th Patrol Boat Division, 6th Mine Warfare Division, 12th Helicopter Division, Gothenburg Marine Regiment, four defence district infantry groups (försvarsområdesstridsgrupper), two city infantry battalions (stadsskyttebataljoner) and the Western Naval Command Maintenance Battalion.


title: West Coast Naval Command

text: When the West Coast Naval District was formed as a peace unit, its permanent organization was relocated to Nya Varvet in western Gothenburg. In addition to the construction work that was going on from 1937, buildings were taken over from the commandant of Älvsborg Fortress. The port was dredged and new quays, barracks, storage and housing were built. In 1944, the naval district's chancellery building was completed, however, its war headquarters was blasted into a mountain facility at Nya Varvet. During the 1950s and 1960s, the unit command and parts of the ship portfolio were relocated to Munkedal and Gullmars Base in Skredsvik. After the West Coast Naval Base (ÖrlB V), the Gothenburg Coastal Artillery Defence with the Gothenburg and Bohus Defence District (GbK/Fo 32) and Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 4) amalgamated into one authority, the new authority's war headquarters came to operate from a mountain facility in Mölndal. In Mölndal, the facility was shared with parts of the defence district staff, the county administrative board of Gothenburg and Bohus County and the air defence center Svalan (W2). With the amalgamation, operations at Nya Varvet gradually began to move to Käringberget. On 26 January 1986, the Swedish naval ensign was hoisted for the last time at Nya Varvet, and in October 1986, materiels management was organized at Käringberget. The naval port at Nya Varvet was moved to Tångudden.


title: Robert Woonton

text: Woonton's premiership was beset by chaos and allegations of corruption. In May 2002, shortly after taking office, he was cleared of bribery allegations over claims he had approved the use of public money to fly an independent MP and his wife to New Zealand so she could receive medical treatment. In September 2002 he threatened to deport the publisher of the Cook Islands Independent after it published a story alleging he had used public money to purchase furniture for his private residence. In November 2002 he sacked Justice Minister Norman George, formed a new coalition with both the Democratic Party and Cook Islands Party, and promised early elections. A few months later in January 2003 he sacked Deputy Prime Minister Geoffrey Henry, replacing him with Democratic leader Terepai Maoate. In November 2003 Maoate in turn resigned after he tabled a motion of no confidence in the government. Later that month Woonton was officially elected leader of the Democratic Party, replacing Maoate. He was replaced again by Maoate in May 2004.


title: Sheena Bora murder case

text: Quoting the First Information Report filed by Mumbai Police, the Hindustan Times reported that Rai had given a detailed account of the murder to the police. Rai alleged that Indrani had planned it and had discussed it with her ex-husband, Sanjeev Khanna. He alleged that Indrani had surveyed a likely area to dump the body the evening before the murder. On 24 April 2012, Khanna had flown to Mumbai and checked into the Hotel Hilltop at Worli. Rai alleged that Indrani had rented an Opel Corsa to facilitate the abduction of Sheena and for disposal of her body. Indrani, he claimed, had earlier asked Sheena to meet her on the evening of 24 April 2012 and, though reluctant, she had agreed. At about 06:00 PM on 24 April 2012, he went on, Indrani was joined by her ex-husband at his hotel in Worli. An hour later, when Sheena was dropped off by Rahul Mukerjea near National College on Linking Road in Bandra, Indrani, Khanna, and driver Rai were there to meet her. Rai's account continued, alleging that Indrani sat next to him while Sheena was in the rear seat with Khanna. He said they took her to one of the by-lanes in Bandra and Khanna strangled her.


title: U.S. Government Informational Comics

text: Under-cover War was a comic developed during World War II by the U.S. Petroleum Administration for War, in 1943. The comic was developed and published to reinvigorate U.S. industrial workers, especially in the petroleum industry. The reasoning for this was after the first year of World War II, many workers lost their morale and vigor and needed a new source of energy and motivation. PAW stated the purpose was "to inspire refinery construction workers with the huge importance of their work." The comic depicts the war within the Western Front and the subversive planning of the Nazis and how they were preparing to outlast the U.S. war effort. The comic's messaging gives special attention to enemy plans of covert action and sabotage against U.S. industries and refineries. Through the vigilance of the enemy, the comic focuses the reader on the necessity of the U.S. to continue its war effort in defeating the Nazis and the importance of petroleum and its critical role in fueling the U.S. war effort, especially U.S. air raids and naval forces.


title: U.S. Government Informational Comics

text: Bullets or Words was a short, five-page comic, illustrated during the Korean War. The U.S. Air Force Psychological Warfare Division created the comic, but the United States Printing Office published it in 1951. The artists responsible for illustrating Bullets or Words were Arthur Milton Caniff and Herbert Block. The comic educates the reader on the necessity of psychological warfare upon the enemy and highlights its implementation and execution during World War II, especially in support of the actions by Allied forces. Bullets or Words then draws the conclusion that psychological warfare is necessary in the Korean War. The comic identifies varying methods of conveying information, such as word of mouth, radio transmissions and leaflet dropping over the enemy territory. Within the first year of the Korean War over 600,000 leaflets were dropped into enemy territory and the effectiveness is measured by the United Nations account that 1/3 of Korean forces surrendered because of psychological warfare. The comic concludes with an offer to civilians to join the U.S. Air Force in SYKE-AIR missions to reduce the enemy.


title: U.S. Government Informational Comics

text: The Docs is a 200-page graphic novel created and published by the Naval Health Research Center (NHRC) in 2010 and follows four corpsmen and their experiences during Operation Iraqi Freedom. The materials and content for The Docs comic is founded upon the experiences of former lieutenant commander Kraft, a Navy psychologist in Fallujah and her interactions with her patients, when she was deployed in 2004. The Docs was conceived to assist Navy Corpsmen in their deployment and the graphic violence they will witness, "A communication tool to help Navy Corpsmen with the stresses of combat deployments." The reasoning for targeting Navy corpsmen is because of the dual role that they deal with in being medics but also at times being combatants. Capt. Greg Utz, NHRC commanding officer remarks on the dualism of Navy Corpsmen, "Since the start of combat operations in the Middle East, Navy Medicine recognized that expeditionary hospital corpsmen have extremely high exposure to the many significant stressors of war, both acute and chronic."


title: Sacha Sosno

text: Sosno was born in Marseilles. His father was Estonian and his mother was French. Sosno spend his childhood in Riga, Latvia. During World War II, his family managed to escape to Switzerland and later to France. He began painting in 1948 when he was inspired by his neighbour Henri Matisse but stopped in 1956. In 1958 he studied in Paris (political science & oriental languages) following courses at the Law Faculty and at the Cinema Institute at the Sorbonne. In 1961 went back to Nice and founded the magazine "Sud Communications" (Eng: Southern Communications), in which he then published his first theory of the "School of Nice". Shortly afterwards, he began his long friendship with Martial Raysse. In the 1960s after a term of Military service in Toulouse and stints as a war reporter in Ireland, Bangladesh and Biafra, Sosno returned to painting. In 1974 he sold his art studio in Paris in order so that was free to cross the Atlantic by sailboat. Then three years later Sosno returned to France to make his first sculpture, "Obliterated Cars".


title: Sacha Sosno

text: In 1983 Sosno was the subject of a one-man show at the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice. Then in the year following he had his first one-man show in the United States at the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art in Ridgefield, Connecticut. IN 1986 The Galerie Beaubourg in Paris commissioned a piece from the artist. Between 1986 and 1988 Sosno developed several projects which brought together sculpture and architecture, including the Hotel Elysée Palace (today running under Marriott flag and named AC Hotel Nice) with architect Georges Margarita, a 28-meter high work, which incorporates a 19-meter high bronze and 420 tons of granite. In 1989 and 1990 he had four one-man shows in the U.S.: in the Floridian cities of Miami, West Palm Beach, Sarasota and Tampa. Then in the nineteen nineties the artist set up his workshop on the hills of Nice where he planted vines and olive trees. In the last decades many international exhibitions of his work were stage in nations such as France, Russia, China and Italy. Sosnp's most recognizable work remains the "Tête Carrée" (square head building) library in Nice, France which he completed in 2002 in collaboration with the architects; Yves Bayard and Francis Chapus.


title: Vasily Romanenkov

text: Vasily Romanenkov was born in the village of Bogdanovka in Smolensk Oblast). In 1968 he graduated from 8-years school and moved to "Kosino" State farm near Moscow to live with his mother. There he apprenticed as a carpenter. In 1975–1980 Romanenkov studied at ZNUI (eng. Distance Learning National University of Arts) under N. Pavlov and N. Rotanov. The main feature of his art - a manner to draw with small strokes of different thicknesses, creating a kind of "moire" texture with the help of a pencil. Initially, Romanenkov tried to paint in oils, but on the advice of his teachers at ZNUI he engaged himself with the graphics. His first compositions, which he began to paint from the bottom, were distinguished with randomness of different shapes and patterns. Later, his works became more structured and gained the cyclic format, thus consisting of three or more separate works, each with its internal frame. His cycles are devoted to Romanenkov's own biography, birth, baptism and death; the fate of the Ancient and Modern Russia. Vasily Romanenkov is widely known in Russia and abroad. He was awarded the Grand Prix at the International Triennial of Naive Art in Bratislava (Insita) at 2004 and received an honorable mention of the jury at the same exhibition in 1994 and 1997.


title: History of Minsk

text: Since the 1960s Minsk's population has grown rapidly, reaching 1 million in 1972 and 1.5 million in 1986. Rapid population growth was primarily driven by mass migration of young unskilled workers from rural areas of Belarus as well as migration of skilled workers from other parts of the Soviet Union. To house the expanding population, Minsk grew dramatically. Its surrounding villages were absorbed and rebuilt as mikroraions, districts of high-density apartment housing. They were normally known as sleeping districts, as they contained few workplaces and entertainment venues. Among the mikroraions, Chyzhouka was built in the 1960s, Serabranka, Zahad, Kurasoushchyna (expanded), Paudnyovy Zahad, Uskhod in the 1970s, Kuntsaushchyna, Malinauka and Uruchcha in the 1980s. To link mikroraions and the city centre, public transportation was developed. It consisted of buses, trolleybuses, trams, and since 1984 of metro system (see Minsk Metro). Minsk Circular Road has been built to provide a bypass for through traffic. International airport (Minsk-2) was built in 1982.


title: Coal in Australia

text: By 1901 Australia was exporting several million tonnes annually. By the 1900s coal had become integral to the economy as it was used in locomotives on railways and in steam mills cutting logs, and grinding wheat. In New South Wales development was particularly influenced by coal during the 20th century. During the 1940s Australian coal mines experienced significant strikes. The 1949 Australian coal strike lasted for seven weeks. The Joint Coal Board was formed to aid in the resolution of workers' disputes. Before WWII underground mines dominated. After WWII, Australia began exporting coking coal to Japan to aid in their production of steel. Exports to South Korea and Taiwan soon followed. Australia became the number one coal exporter in 1984. By 1986 Australia was supplying around half of all its exports to Japan. As the Bowen Basin Coalfields were developed, open-cut mines became more common. From the 1980s onwards the ratio of thermal coal exported to Asia increased significantly. High-grade coking coal extracted from the Illawarra region has supported a steel and steel products market with exports leaving via Port Kembla harbour. An anti-coal movement is a recent historical development.


title: Aikoku Kōshinkyoku

text: Look above the eastern sea clearly dawns the sky; Glorious and bright the sun rideth up on high. Spirit pure of heaven and earth fills the hearts of all, Hope abounding springs--O sweet Isles Imperial. Yonder where the clouds of morn shed a radiant glow, Fuji Mountain, Nippon's pride, rears its crown of snow. Fair of form without a blot nobly doth it stand, And unshakable--a true symbol of our land. He who reigns above in power and in virtue dight, Sovereign of unbroken line, is our changeless light. We will follow--one and all loyal subjects, we-- Follow Him aright: fulfil our great destiny! Onward, east, west, north and south. Over land and main! Let us make the world our home, call to fellow-men Everywhere on the four seas, let us build the tower of just peace--let our ideal bloom forth like a flower! Though again and yet again trials we may meet, Over us may tempests roar, storms upon us beat, Resolute in heart and mind justice we defend. But one road we know to gain triumph in the end. Hark! Far from the hallowed past of the Age Divine Sounds our fathers' measured tread. O come fall in line! As we, sons and daughters, march, shines our path before. Glory be unto our land ever, evermore!


title: University of Toronto Schools

text: Although matriculation exams would eventually be abolished in the 1960s, UTS students had been calling for change since the late 1930s in the form of valedictory addresses and protests. Addresses in 1963 and 1966 targeted the tendency for matriculations to reduce "a tangible desire for knowledge", producing instead "a mind that cannot think for itself".: 44 In 1967 the valedictory address lambasted a number of teachers and administrators who had been responsible for rigidly holding UTS to its past.: 40 The speech was not published in The Twig the following year, but was still circulated among students.: 40 Discontent with the school's inability to reform climaxed in the "Protest for Nothing" in May 1969, which was led by Brian Blugerman, Michael Eccles, Paul Eprile and David Glennie. Unlike most protests, the placards that the protesters held were blank; when headmaster MacMurray asked for their demands, a student famously showed him a blank sheet of paper and stated, "This is a list of our demands." The protest was front-page news in Toronto newspapers and was widely reported in the U.S. media, including the New York Times.


title: University of Toronto Schools

text: At the turn of the decade, UTS developed a "New Program", which focused on completing subjects ("units") for graduation instead of matriculations.: 43 The administration also agreed to allow students to complete their secondary school requirements in 4 years instead of 5,: 43 an advantage that was enjoyed until the 2003 double cohort. The Executive Council was formed in 1968 to provide a liaison between students and staff. Some of the Executive Council's first recommendations were implemented in 1969, including making Latin optional after grade 11 and introducing non-numerical grades for Arts and Music courses.: 43 In addition to academics, certain aspects of the school's extracurricular traditions were gradually being phased out. In 1966, participation in the Cadet Corps, which had been a bastion of UTS tradition, became optional; in 1972, the "new administration" announced that the cadet corps would be discontinued.: 42 Instead, it became an "open" corps, severing its affiliation with the school, and continues to this day. Change was also evident in the school's teaching staff: in the 1960s alone, 35 new teachers were hired, compared to only 15 hirings during the 1950s.: 79


title: University of Toronto Schools

text: Donald Gutteridge had originally arrived in 1962 at MacMurray's request, and had taught Grade 13 English. In 1972, Gutteridge succeeded MacMurray.: 64 Although he was the school's fifth headmaster, he was the first to call himself a "principal".: 65 During his tenure as the Premier of Ontario, Bill Davis came under fire for publicly funding UTS, which Liberal education critic Tom Reed called an "elitist" institution. Under pressure from the provincial government and the University of Toronto, a decision was made to admit girls into the school.: 64 Two proposals were tabled: the first involved expanding the school by maintaining the same number of incoming boys, and the second involved maintaining the class size by reducing the number of incoming boys.: 65 On January 18, 1973, the University of Toronto approved the second proposal, paving the way for a co-educational UTS the following academic year.: 66 The first two co-educational cohorts totalled 70 students; each cohort was divided into two classes of 35 students.: 61 In spite of initial concerns about the watered-down quality of UTS boys athletics, the junior girls basketball team won a city title in 1978.: 66 In order to assist families in financial need, the UTS Endowment Fund was set up in 1980; in 1989, approximately $50,000 was distributed to students in need.: 27


title: Hanna Bekker vom Rath

text: In the twenties she became friends with Ludwig Meidner, Alexej von Jawlensky, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Emy Roeder, among others. Initially spontaneous support for individual artists later condensed into a sustained mission. She purchased works, invited the painters and art collectors to her Blue House in Hofheim. In 1929 she founded the "Society of Friends of the Art of Alexej von Jawlensky" in Wiesbaden. Jawlensky's catalog raisonné documents a painting with dedication to Bekker vom Rath. She received the painting, "Variation: Von Fruehling, Glueck und Sonne," as a Christmas gift in 1929. Between 1940 and 1943 Bekker vom Rath organized secret exhibitions of works by the ostracized in her Berlin studio apartment on Regensburger Strasse. In the twenties she started collecting work of Expressionism, such as from Bruecke and Bauhaus : Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Adolf Hoelzel, Paul Klee, Max Beckmann and many more. Later international and also younger artists were included. In 1987 many of these works became part of the collection of the Museum Wiesbaden.


title: Milieudefensie v Royal Dutch Shell

text: Following the global adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, which aimed to limit the rise in the global average temperature to under 1.5 °C through various milestones at 2050, large corporations operating in signatory countries began evaluating if they could alter operations to meet the targets of the Agreement. The British multinational Shell is one of the largest oil and gas companies in the world; its headquarters are in the United Kingdom since 2022. Shell is the ninth-largest corporate contributor to global pollution, producing about 2.5% of global emissions. As the Paris Agreement was being developed, Shell evaluated its businesses to determine what it could do to address emissions, but had stated in 2014 that it believed that the Paris targets were unattainable and did not plan to change its business model away from oil and gas. Following the signing of the Agreement, Shell issued a statement that it would address its CO2 emissions, releasing a plan that called for reductions of its carbon dioxide emissions by 30% by 2035, compared to 2016 levels, and by 65% by 2050. So far, in 2022 only 1,5 % of the investments of Shell are to be used for renewables (wind and solar power generation), and with current investment trends Shell's carbon emissions are expected to rise with 4% up to 2030 compared to 2019 levels


title: Milieudefensie v Royal Dutch Shell

text: In order to safeguard the temperature limit set out in the Paris Agreement, global carbon emissions to decrease with 45% in 2030. Given the clear gap between Shell's plans and the targets of the Paris Agreement, seven environmental organisations foundations – Milieudefensie (the Dutch branch of Friends of the Earth), Greenpeace, Fossielvrij, Waddenvereniging, Both ENDS, Jongeren Milieu Actief, and ActionAid – and 17,379 individual claimants in the Netherlands filed a class-action lawsuit against Shell in April 2019, arguing that Shell should change its business model to reach an emissions reduction target of 45% by 2030 in line with the Paris Agreement. By failing to change, the plaintiffs argued, Shell had failed to uphold the unwritten duty of care laid down in Book 6 Section 162 of the Burgerlijk Wetboek (Dutch Civil Code) as well as articles 2 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Shell stated in response to the summons that it was doing its part to address climate change, and that "What will accelerate the energy transition is effective policy, investment in technology and changing customer behaviour. None of which will be achieved with this court action. Addressing a challenge this big requires a collaborative and global approach."


title: It Couldn't Happen Here

text: Back at the beach, Neil continues to cycle along the beach. He passes a priest (Joss Ackland) who is reciting verses whilst leading a party of school children. Two of the boys are the Pet Shop Boys at a younger age and they run to the pier (Clacton Pier). In a building on the pier, the adult Neil is seeing an exotically dressed female fortune teller; as he leaves she uncovers her face to reveal that "she" is Chris Lowe (filmed in the West Cliff Theatre bar). The young Neil and Chris (Nicholas and Jonathan Haley) look in a Victorian era Mutoscope and see a short bedroom farce: a slapstick performance featuring a squire (Chris Lowe) and a butler (Neil Tennant) making advances to a French maid (Barbara Windsor) (filmed at the West Cliff Theatre). The priest catches up with the boys and shouts more verses at them. The boys escape into the amusement arcade, where they see a rock star (Neil Tennant) in a gold tasselled suit. Then they pass into a theatre, where they see a group of nuns perform a risqué dance routine to "It's a Sin". The priest catches up with them again and he takes them outside, where it is now evening. On the pier, he commands 12 fishermen to haul a huge cross out of the sea and onto their ship.


title: List of Air Expeditionary units of the United States Air Force

text: It was decided that U.S. Central Command Air Forces (CENTAF) would not consist of permanently assigned units, partially because of the sensitivities of Arab host states to acknowledging that U.S. forces were deployed in their countries. This made establishment of permanent units more difficult, because base access might be changed or denied with shifting, volatile, political currents. For example, during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Jordanian government denied U.S. troops were stationed in Jordan. This created a lot of concern with Jordanian military personnel stationed at Shahid Muafaq Al-Salti Air Base during the initial stages. As they were being told on television and radio that there were no U.S. troops on Jordanian soil, USAF C-17 aircraft were arriving on a daily basis with personnel and supplies. The 410th Air Expeditionary Wing was quickly growing in size. Out of confusion, Jordanian Security Forces documented everything leaving the aircraft. U.S. personnel removed labels and explosive decals from the containers, as not to aggravate the situation. American troops initially were not allowed to carry weapons in plain sight. So they carried their Beretta 9mm handguns hidden in their waistbands for protection and hid their M-4 carbines from view in their vehicles.


title: Samira Makhmalbaf

text: In an interview with Indiewire, she is asked about the relationship between metaphor and reality in her film Blackboards. She says: "The first image of the film starts with a very surreal image, but as you go into the film, you can feel the reality of being a fugitive. And I love this image very much, and I think it can carry different meanings. It can express social, intelligent, and poetic meaning -- so many metaphors, and yet you can go into their reality. The idea for the film came to my father's mind when I was looking for a subject to do for my next film. He gave me three or four pages, and then it was time to imagine it. But I couldn't simply imagine it. How can I sit here in Cannes and think of people living in Kurdistan? So I had to go into it and be involved in it. So I cast the actors and found my locations, and at the same time, I let the reality of the situation come in. I don't want to kill the subject, put it in front of the camera, and just shoot it as a dead subject. I let reality come into my imagination. I believe that metaphors are born from the imagination of the artist and the reality of life, making love to each other. For example, imagine over a hundred old men wanting to return to their country. This is imagination and reality. It's a reality because some older generations want to return to their country to die. This is real. But just being old men is imagination. Or just being one woman is imagination. Or carrying these whiteboards is a combination of reality and imagination. Because maybe it's possible, if you're a refugee or a teacher, what can you do except carry your blackboard and look for students? They are like street vendors, shouting, "Come, try to learn something!" In such a dire situation, everyone is poor, so nobody can learn anything. It is imagination, but it could exist."


title: Samira Makhmalbaf

text: Samira Makhmalbaf has been a great activist for women's rights almost all her life. In an interview with The Guardian, she said: "We have a lot of limitations from all the written and unwritten law. But, still, I hope, and I believe that it will get better. It started with the democratic movement. But some things don't happen consciously. I wanted to make films, I made films to say something else, but in a way, I became a kind of example. It was breaking some cliche. Another new way of thinking started. Yes, we have a lot of limitations, but these limitations made a lot of strong, different kinds of women in Iran who, if they find a chance to express themselves, have plenty of things to say. They may have found a deeper way through all these limitations." In the same interview, she talks about politics and says, "Even if I made that kind of direct movie talking about politics, it's nothing. Nothing, because it's just talking like a journalist. You are saying something superficial. The movies I make are deeper. This kind of work can live longer and deeper than that kind of journalistic work."


title: Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers

text: On September 12, Timothy F. Geithner, then president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, called a meeting on the future of Lehman, which included the possibility of an emergency liquidation of its assets. Bankers representing all the major Wall Street firms were in attendance. The meeting goal was to find a private solution in rescuing Lehman and extinguish the flame of the global financial crisis. Lehman reported that it had been in talks with Bank of America and Barclays for the company's possible sale. The New York Times reported on September 14, 2008, that Barclays had ended its bid to purchase all or part of Lehman and a deal to rescue the bank from liquidation collapsed. It emerged subsequently that a deal had been vetoed by the Bank of England and the UK's Financial Services Authority. Leaders of major Wall Street banks continued to meet late that day to prevent the bank's rapid failure. Bank of America's rumored involvement also appeared to end as federal regulators resisted its request for government involvement in Lehman's sale. By Sunday, September 14, after the Barclays deal fell through, the news of impending doom swept through Lehman, and many employees arrived at the headquarters to clean out their offices. By Sunday afternoon, the government summoned Harvey Miller of Weil, Gotshal & Manges to file for bankruptcy before the markets opened on Monday.


title: Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers

text: Luc Despins, the creditors committee counsel, said: "The reason we're not objecting is really based on the lack of a viable alternative. We did not support the transaction because there had not been enough time to properly review it." In the amended agreement, Barclays would absorb $47.4 billion in securities and assume $45.5 billion in trading liabilities. Lehman's attorney Harvey R. Miller of Weil, Gotshal & Manges, said "the purchase price for the real estate components of the deal would be $1.29 billion, including $960 million for Lehman's New York headquarters and $330 million for two New Jersey data centers. Further, Barclays will not acquire Lehman's Eagle Energy unit, but will have entities known as Lehman Brothers Canada Inc, Lehman Brothers Sudamerica, Lehman Brothers Uruguay and its Private Investment Management business for high-net-worth individuals. Finally, Lehman will retain $20 billion of securities assets in Lehman Brothers Inc that are not being transferred to Barclays." Barclays had a potential liability of $2.5 billion to be paid as severance, if it chooses not to retain some Lehman employees beyond the guaranteed 90 days.


title: Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers

text: Lehman's bankruptcy was expected to cause some depreciation in the price of commercial real estate. The prospect for Lehman's $4.3 billion in mortgage securities getting liquidated sparked a selloff in the commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) market. Additional pressure to sell securities in commercial real estate was feared as Lehman got closer to liquidating its assets. Apartment-building investors were also expected to feel pressure to sell as Lehman unloaded its debt and equity pieces of the $22 billion purchase of Archstone, the third-largest United States real estate investment trust (REIT). Archstone's core business was the ownership and management of residential apartment buildings in major metropolitan areas of the United States. Jeffrey Spector, a real-estate analyst at UBS, said that in markets with apartment buildings that compete with Archstone, "there is no question that if you need to sell assets, you will try to get ahead" of the Lehman selloff, adding "Every day that goes by there will be more pressure on pricing."


title: Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers

text: In Hong Kong, more than 43,700 individuals in the city had invested in HK$15.7 billion of "guaranteed mini-bonds" (迷你債券) from Lehman. Many claimed that banks and brokers mis-sold them as low-risk. However, bankers noted that the minibonds are indeed low-risk instruments since they were backed by Lehman Brothers, which until just months before its collapse was a venerable member of Wall Street with high credit and investment ratings, and many banks accepted minibonds as collateral for loans and credit facilities. Another HK$3 billion was invested in similar products, including derivatives. The Hong Kong government proposed a plan to buy back the investments at their current estimated value, which would allow investors to partially recover some of their loss by the end of the year. HK chief executive Donald Tsang insisted the local banks respond swiftly to the government buy-back proposal as the Monetary Authority received more than 16,000 complaints. On October 17, He Guangbe, chairman of the Hong Kong Association of Banks, agreed to buy back the bonds, which were priced using an agreed upon methodology based on its estimated current value.


title: Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers

text: Neuberger Berman Inc., through its subsidiaries, primarily Neuberger Berman, LLC, is an investment-advisory firm founded in 1939 by Roy R. Neuberger and Robert Berman, to manage money for high-net-worth individuals. In the decades that followed, the firm's growth mirrored that of the asset-management industry as a whole. In 1950, it introduced one of the first no-load mutual funds in the United States, the Guardian Fund, and also began to manage the assets of pension plans and other institutions. Historically known for its value-investing style, in the 1990s the firm began to diversify its competencies to include additional value and growth investing, across the entire capitalization spectrum, as well as new investment categories, such as international, real-estate investment trusts and high-yield investments. In addition, with the creation of a nationally and several state-chartered trust companies, the firm became able to offer trust and fiduciary services. In 2016, the firm had approximately $246 billion in assets under management.


title: Left-wing nationalism

text: In English Canada, support for government intervention in the economy to defend the country from foreign (i.e. American) influences is one of Canada's oldest political traditions, going back at least to the National Policy (tariff protection) of Sir John A. Macdonald, can historically be seen on both the left and the right. However, calls for more extreme forms of government involvement to forestall a putative American takeover have been a staple of the Canadian left since the 1920s and possibly earlier. Right-wing nationalism has never supported such measures, which is one of the major differences between the two. Leftist nationalism has also been more eager to dispense with historical Canadian symbols associated with Canada's British colonial heritage, such as the Canadian Red Ensign or even the monarchy (see republicanism in Canada). English Canadian leftist nationalism has historically been represented by most of Canada's socialist parties, factions with the social-democratic New Democratic Party and in a more diluted form in some elements of the Liberal Party of Canada (such as Trudeauism to a certain extent), manifesting itself in pressure groups such as the Council of Canadians. This type of nationalism is associated with the slogan "It's either the state or the States", coined by the Canadian Radio League in the 1930s during their campaign for a national public broadcaster to compete with the private American radio stations broadcasting into Canada, representing a fear of annexation by the United States. Right-wing nationalism continues to exist in Canada, but it tends to be much less concerned with integration into North America, especially since the Conservative Party embraced free trade after 1988. Many far-right movements in Canada are nationalist, but not Canadian nationalist, instead advocating for Western separation or union with the United States.


title: Left-wing nationalism

text: France's centralist left-wing nationalism was at times resisted by provincial left-wing groups who saw its Paris-focussed cultural and administrative centralism as little different in practice to right-wing French nationalism. From the late 19th century, several of the many ethnic groups that made up France developed a movement for separatism and regionalism, becoming a significant political factor in Alsace, Brittany, Corsica, French Flanders and the French portions of the Basque and Catalan countries, with smaller movements in other parts of the country and eventually equivalent movements in overseas territories (Algeria and New Caledonia, among others). These regional nationalisms could be either left-wing or right-wing. For instance, Occitan nationalism in the early 20th century was expressed by the far-right leaders Maurice Barrès and Charles Maurras (who imagined a right-wing Occitan regionalist identity within a multiethnic French state as a bulwark to protect conservative zones against left-wing Parisian governments) whereas a portion of the Félibrige cultural movement represented a more progressive Occitan nationalism and looked for inspiration to the federalist republicanism of Catalonia. It was a similar situation in each of the traditionally regionalist zones, including the left-wing Breton Federalist League against the right-wing Breton National Party and the left-wing Alsatian Progress Party against the right-wing Heimatsbund, among others. Since the 1970s, a cultural revival and left-wing nationalism has grown in strength in several regions. For instance, the Pè a Corsica party has close links with both social democracy and the green movement and is currently the dominant political force in Corsica. After the 2017 legislative election, the party obtained three-quarters of Corsican seats in the National Assembly and two-thirds in the Corsican Assembly.


title: Left-wing nationalism

text: Today, parties such as Sinn Féin and the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland are left-wing nationalist parties. Earlier nationalist republican parties that were once rather more left-leaning for the time, notably Fianna Fáil in the Republic of Ireland, have over time grown more conservative ("sinistrism"), today representing a centrist or centre-right republican nationalism. Right-wing nationalist outlooks and far-right parties in general are few in Irish history. When they did emerge, it was usually short-lived and contextual (the Blueshirts during the Great Depression) or took the form of Anglo-British nationalism (as with Orangism and other tendencies within Ulster unionism). Since World War II, right-wing Irish nationalism has been a rare force in the Republic of Ireland, espoused primarily by small, often short-lived organisations. As such, left-wing nationalism with a republican, egalitarian, anti-colonial tendency has historically been the dominant form of nationalism in Irish politics.


title: Left-wing nationalism

text: In the late 19th century, Polish labour movement split into two factions, with one proposing communist revolution and Polish autonomy within the Russian Empire which established the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, renamed later as the Communist Party of Poland. However, most activists have seen Polish independence as a requirement to realize socialist political program as after Poland partitions Austria-Hungary, Prussia and Russia repressed their ethnically Polish citizens of all social classes. Those activists established Polish Socialist Party (PPS). During World War I, PPS' leader Józef Piłsudski became a leader of German dominated puppet Poland and then broke an alliance with Central Powers, claiming an independent Second Polish Republic. As a Chief of State, Piłsudski signed in very first weeks decrees about the eight hour work day, equal rights for women, free and compulsory education, free healthcare and social insurance, making Poland one of the most progressive countries of interwar period.


title: Left-wing nationalism

text: In Poland itself, the PPS is considered pro-independence and patriotic left-wing (in contrast with the internationalist left-wing) rather than left-wing nationalist. The term nationalism is used nearly exclusively for the right-wing national democracy of Roman Dmowski and other officially far-right movements such as National Radical Camp and National Revival of Poland. Nowadays, notable parties and organizations that come the closest to the idea of a left-wing nationalism are Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland under the leadership of Andrzej Lepper and Zmiana led by Mateusz Piskorski. Both advocate patriotism, social conservatism, Euroscepticism, anti-imperialism (strong criticism of a NATO and American foreign policies) and economic nationalism. The Self-Defence won 53 seats out of 460 in 2001 elections and 56 in 2005. From 2005 to 2007, it was in the coalition government with two other parties (one right-wing and the other nationalist). Since then, it has no representatives in the Polish Sejm.


title: Left-wing nationalism

text: Post-war radical nationalists consequently sought to canonise the bush culture which had emerged during the 1890s. The post-war radical nationalists interpreted this tradition as having implicitly or inherently radical qualities since they believed it meant that working-class Australians were naturally democratic and/or socialist. This view combined the CPA's commitment to the working class with the post-war intellectuals' own nationalist sentiments. The apotheosis of this line of thought was perhaps Russel Ward's book The Australian Legend which sought to trace the development of the radical nationalist ethos from its convict origins through bushranging, the Victorian gold rush, the spread of agriculture, the industrial strife of the early 1890s and its literary canonisation. Other significant radical nationalists included the historians Ian Turner, Lloyd Churchward, Robin Gollan, Geoffrey Serle and Brian Fitzpatrick, whom Ward described as the "spiritual father of all the radical nationalist historians in Australia"; and the writers Stephen Murray-Smith, Judah Waten, Dorothy Hewett and Frank Hardy.


title: Van Vlissingen en Dudok van Heel

text: The Koninklijke Fabriek began to lose business in the 1880s. In 1880 the number of employees went down from 1,500 to 1,000. In 1881 it went down to 700. It seemed as if principals had lost confidence in the company. In 1882–1883 there was a revival when big ships were ordered. It led to costly investments in four slipways with foundations of 100 m long each, as well as investments in machinery. The number of employees temporarily rose to 1,800. These investments that drained the working capital of the company would be the cause of its fall some years later. In 1884 the board proposed to end the company because no new capital was found. That same year the Indian Sugar crisis hit the company and the number of employees fell to 600, the expensive shipyard was closed down. In 1885 the shipyard was reopened after a tender for a small floating dock of 1,400 ton was won. It did not help, because the company continued to lose money on many projects. In 1885 the loss was 223,925 guilders, in 1888 424,818 guilders and so consecutive losses steadily brought the company to its knees. In 1889 there was a last revival in activity, when the company employed 1,600 men, but it again led to heavy losses.


title: Curious George Goes to the Hospital

text: When Goerge wakes up the next day, George feels better and has a dish of ice cream before Carol takes George to the playroom. In the playroom, George puts on a puppet show. Later, he sees that Steve, a boy with a cast on his leg, trying to walk. With no one looking, George hops into Steve's wheelchair and races down the corridors. By the time the nurse notices, George is heading down a steep ramp toward the hospital cafeteria. Meanwhile, some attendants are pushing food carts past the ramp and the mayor is touring the hospital. George tries to stop the wheelchair but crashes into the food carts and lands in the mayor's arms while spilling food and breaking the wheelchair and the dishes. The children see the accident and the first to laugh is Betsy. This gets everyone laughing except George who cries, thinking he might be punished. Betsy consoles George telling him that he has cheered her up. The adults agree George is not in trouble because he made Betsy no longer feel afraid. Soon the Man with the Yellow Hat arrives to take George home.


title: Internment of German Americans

text: By the time of WWII, the United States had a large population of ethnic Germans. Among residents of the United States in 1940, more than 1.2 million persons had been born in Germany, 5 million had two native-German parents, and 6 million had one native-German parent. Many more had distant German ancestry. During WWII, the United States detained at least 11,000 ethnic Germans, overwhelmingly German nationals between the years 1940 and 1948 in two designated camps at Fort Douglas, Utah, and Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia. The government examined the cases of German nationals individually, and detained relatively few in internment camps run by the Department of Justice, as related to its responsibilities under the Alien Enemies Act. To a much lesser extent, some ethnic German US citizens were classified as suspect after due process and also detained. Similarly, a small proportion of Italian nationals and Italian Americans were interned in relation to their total population in the US. The United States had allowed immigrants from both Germany and Italy to become naturalized citizens, which many had done by then.


title: Internment of German Americans

text: Several hundred men on two other German cruisers, the Prinz Eitel Friedrich and Kronprinz Wilhelm, unwilling to face certain destruction by the Royal Navy in the Atlantic, lived for several years on their ships in various Virginia ports and frequently enjoyed shore leave. Eventually they were given a strip of land in the Norfolk Navy Yard on which to build accommodations. They constructed a complex commonly known as the "German village", with painted one-room houses and fenced yards made from scrap lumber, curtained windows, and gardens of flowers and vegetables, as well as a village church, a police station, and cafes serving non-alcoholic beverages. They rescued animals from other ships and raised goats and pigs in the village, along with numerous pet cats and dogs. On October 1, 1916, the ships and their personnel were moved to the Philadelphia Navy Yard along with the village structures, which again became known locally as the "German village". In this more secure location in the Navy Yard behind a barbed wire fence, the detainees designated February 2, 1917, as Red Cross Day and solicited donations to the German Red Cross. As German-American relations worsened in the spring of 1917, nine sailors successfully escaped detention, prompting Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to act immediately on plans to transfer the other 750 to detention camps at Fort McPherson and Fort Oglethorpe in late March 1917, where they were isolated from civilian detainees. Following the U.S. declaration of war on Imperial Germany, some of the Cormoran's crew members were sent to McPherson, while others were held at Fort Douglas, Utah, for the duration of the war.


title: Edgar Sydney Little

text: The son of Colonel John William Little and Kate Nicholson Little, he was born in London, Ontario, Canada. He was the fifth boy out of seven. The family lived at 245 Dufferin Avenue, across from Centre Park, now known as Victoria Park. Their home is today the site of the London Life building. He attended Talbot Street School in the first year of the century and later Central Collegiate, and finally the University of Toronto. He majored in English, history and Business, and combined these with an interest in politics - his father being a mayor of London, Ontario, in the years 1895, 1896, and 1897. In 1907, he entered into the employ of the firm of Robinson Little and Company and was secretary of that company from 1913 until it was dissolved. He was also secretary of the Holeproof Hosiery Company of Canada Ltd, which was founded by his father, and held the same position at the Helena Costume Company. During his career he was a director of the London Bridge Works Limited, of the Federal Advertising Agency, and Canadian Credit Men's Association Limited, and of the Citizens' Research Institute of Canada, and Secretary Treasurer of the London and Southwestern Railway Company. He served as the president of London Chamber of Commerce in 1922, and was vice president of the Western Fair Association, and member of the executive of the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair in Toronto. He was an active member of the London Club, the London Hunt and Country Club, past President of the London Motor Club, and director of the Highland Golf Club. He served in many capacities on civic boards during his extensive public service.


title: Madhavi Mudgal

text: Her brother Madhup Mudgal a Padma Shri award winner, is known for his khayal and bhajan renditions. He is also a composer, conductor and has been principal of the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, New Delhi, a music and dance school since 1995. Her niece Arushi (34), daughter of Madhup Mudgal and a former student of Carmel Convent School batch of 2004 in Delhi, trained by Madhavi at Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, made her stage debut as a solo Odissi dancer in 2003. In 2008, she was the only Indian dancer to participate in International Dance Festival 2008 organised by German choreographer Pina Bausch, where she performed a self choreographed piece, Bageshri. Madhavi Mudgal's second brother Mukul Mudgal is a retired Chief Justice of the Punjab and Haryana High Court who headed the Mudgal Committee, comprising Additional Solicitor General of India L Nageswara Rao and senior advocate and former cricket umpire Nilay Dutta, appointed by the Supreme Court to conduct an independent inquiry into the allegation of corruption, betting and spot-fixing in 2013 Indian Premier League. Born on 4 January 1949, Justice Mudgal was appointed as a Judge of the Delhi High Court on 2 March 1998. He was sworn in as Chief Justice of the High Court on 5 December 2009 and retired on 3 January 2011. Her nephew Dhaval, son of Justice Mudgal and noted Hindustani classical vocalist Shubha Mudgal is a lead singer in a famous Delhi-based band Half Step Down and a promising poker player.


title: Dardanelle and Russellville Railroad

text: The creation of the D&R railroad was motivated by the desire to develop Dardanelle and for better transportation of agricultural products—primarily cotton—from Dardanelle to the Little Rock and Fort Smith (LR&FS) Railway in Russellville. In an eight-month period in the early 1880s, 15,000 bales of cotton were shipped from Dardanelle. They were ferried across the river to North Dardanelle, hauled by wagon to Russellville, and then loaded on LR&FS freight cars. The road from North Dardanelle to Russellville was poor and frequently nearly impossible to travel. With the heavy wagon traffic over it, the road was cut into almost impassible gullies, freight teams suffered, it was destructive to wagons, fatiguing for teamsters, and expenses were high. On September 30, 1882, a meeting was held at the Yell County Courthouse to develop plans to connect the town to the Russellville depot. A three-man committee was established to raise financial support and to secure cooperation with the LR&FS Railway.


title: Article One of the Constitution of Georgia (U.S. State)

text: (c) The General Assembly may by law provide for the operation and regulation of a lottery or lotteries by or on behalf of the state and for any matters relating to the purposes or provisions of this subparagraph. Proceeds derived from the lottery or lotteries operated by or on behalf of the state shall be used to pay the operating expenses of the lottery or lotteries, including all prizes, without any appropriation required by law, and for educational programs and purposes as hereinafter provided. Lottery proceeds shall not be subject to Article VII, Section III, Paragraph II; Article III, Section IX, Paragraph VI(a); or Article III, Section IX, Paragraph IV(c), except that the net proceeds after payment of such operating expenses shall be subject to Article VII, Section III, Paragraph II. Net proceeds after payment of such operating expenses shall be separately accounted for and shall be specifically identified by the Governor in his annual budget presented to the General Assembly as a separate budget category entitled "Lottery Proceeds" and the Governor shall make specific recommendations as to educational programs and educational purposes to which said net proceeds shall be appropriated. In the General Appropriations Act adopted by the General Assembly, the General Assembly shall appropriate all net proceeds of the lottery or lotteries by such separate budget category to educational programs and educational purposes as specified by the General Assembly.


text: (c) The General Assembly may by law provide for the operation and regulation of a lottery or lotteries by or on behalf of the state and for any matters relating to the purposes or provisions of this subparagraph. Proceeds derived from the lottery or lotteries operated by or on behalf of the state shall be used to pay the operating expenses of the lottery or lotteries, including all prizes, without any appropriation required by law, and for educational programs and purposes as hereinafter provided. Lottery proceeds shall not be subject to Article VII, Section III, Paragraph II; Article III, Section IX, Paragraph VI(a); or Article III, Section IX, Paragraph IV(c), except that the net proceeds after payment of such operating expenses shall be subject to Article VII, Section III, Paragraph II. Net proceeds after payment of such operating expenses shall be separately accounted for and shall be specifically identified by the Governor in his annual budget presented to the General Assembly as a separate budget category entitled 'Lottery Proceeds' and the Governor shall make specific recommendations as to educational programs and educational purposes to which said net proceeds shall be appropriated. In the General Appropriations Act adopted by the General Assembly, the General Assembly shall appropriate all net proceeds of the lottery or lotteries by such separate budget category to educational programs and educational purposes. Such net proceeds shall be used to support improvements and enhancements for educational programs and purposes and such net proceeds shall be used to supplement, not supplant, non-lottery educational resources for educational programs and purposes. The educational programs and educational purposes for which proceeds may be so appropriated shall include only the following:


title: Timeline of European exploration

text: The Age of Discovery arguably began in the early 15th century with the rounding of the feared Cape Bojador and Portuguese exploration of the west coast of Africa, while in the last decade of the century the Spanish sent expeditions far across the Atlantic, where the Americas would eventually be reached, and the Portuguese found a sea route to India. In the 16th century, various European states funded expeditions to the interior of both North and South America, as well as to their respective west and east coasts, north to California and Labrador and south to Chile and Tierra del Fuego. In the 17th century, Russian explorers conquered Siberia in search of sables, while the Dutch contributed greatly to the charting of Australia. The 18th century witnessed the first extensive explorations of the South Pacific and Oceania and the exploration of Alaska, while the 19th was dominated by exploration of the polar regions and excursions into the heart of Africa. By the early 20th century, the poles themselves had been reached.


title: Grizzly (Kings Dominion)

text: The attraction is not definitively themed, attempting instead to immerse the riders in a setting that resembles the natural habitat of the grizzly bear. The entire attraction is deep in the woods, far from the nearest paths. This not only hides the coaster from the rest of the park, making it impossible for guests to visually gauge the thrill they are about to experience, but psychologically supports the idea of entering an isolated wilderness. The station and support building architecture is faux timber-framed cabin style, and the color scheme is exclusively brown and woodgrain. The roller coaster itself is stained a gray-brown natural woodtone, and the trains are orange and yellow. At the entrance of the long queue, there is a large simulated stone carving of a grizzly bear, and originally a sign with the name and logo of the attraction. Since the sign's removal sometime prior to May 2008, the attraction's name was not publicly displayed anywhere near or on the grounds of the roller coaster until July 2009 when a new sign was posted near the queue entrance of the ride. In April 2019, the Grizzly Gulch themed gift shop was added along the path to the ride, replacing the Dinosaurs Alive gift shop, acting as the entrance. Outside of the gift shops entrance, there's signs that act as theming, and say things such as "There's a Grizzly in the woods!" With the s being backwards


title: Attila F. Balázs

text: Born in Târgu Mureș, he was a student of the high school of Ditrău (Mathematics-Physics). He continued his studies at the Institute of Catholic Theology in Alba Iulia. He graduated in Library science and Literary translation in Bucharest. He worked as a librarian at the Harghita County Library in Miercurea Ciuc until 1989. In 1990, he moved to Slovakia. Between 1990 and 1992 he was an editor of Szabad Újsag (Bratislava), collaborated to Új Szó and was the manager of the Madách Publishing House in Bratislava. In 1994, he founded AB-ART Publishing (Bratislava), of which he is the director since then. He is a founding editor of Poesis International Satu Mare and editor-in-chief of Szőrös Kő. He is a member of the Hungarian Writers' Union, of the Writers' Union of Romania, of the Hungarian PEN Club, of the Hungarian Writers' Association of Slovakia and of the League of Hungarian Writers of Transylvania. He is the vice-president of Dellart cultural association (Cluj-Napoca). As the author of more than a dozen collections of poetry and the translator of more than twenty books of poetry and fiction, Attila F. Balázs has received numerous awards and prizes in acknowledgement of his various literary activities (Madách Prize, Lucian Blaga Prize, Arghezi Prize). His works have been translated in 15 languages. As an invited poet, he is a regular participant of diverse literary festivals all around the world (Nicaragua, Colombia, Venezuela, Canada, Turkey, Ecuador).


title: Coffee production in Nicaragua

text: The crop of 1891 amounted to more than 5,000,000 kilograms (11 million pounds); 31,000 hectares (76,000 acres) of land were used, corresponding to a yield of 1,235 kilograms per hectare (1,102 lb/acre). The principal means of transporting coffee for exportation were the National Railroad from Granada to Corinto, on the Pacific, and the steamships from Lake Nicaragua and the San Juan River to the Atlantic Ocean. The Government of Nicaragua encouraged the establishment of coffee plantations, and decreed to award a prize of 5 cents for each tree in plantations of more than 5,000 trees. The majority of the Nicaraguan coffee was exported to Europe, because the freight to the United States was more expensive, and because in Europe it sold at a higher price. The United States consul stated that the coffee crop of Nicaragua amounted in 1900 to 150,000 bags, versus 75,000 in the preceding year; the coffee export duties amounted to approximately $300,000. The exportation of coffee in 1900 through the ports of El Castillo, Bluefields, and San Juan del Norte was 1,464,351 kilograms, the value of which amounted to $295,348.


title: Groovy (horse)

text: In June 1986, a month after the Preakness, Groovy's owners turned his race conditioning over to Jose Martin, who had trained Lakeville Miss, the American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly of 1977, as well as Wayward Lass, the 1981 American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly. Martin accepted the job on the understanding that he would decide which races the colt competed in. Martin entered Groovy in the July 4 Firecracker Stakes, a six-furlong sprint at Belmont Park, which he won by 2¾ lengths. On July 20, Groovy won the seven-furlong Tom Fool Stakes, a Grade II event at Belmont Park. He followed this up with another Grade II win in the seven-furlong Forego Handicap at Saratoga Race Course. Stretched to one mile (8 furlongs) in the Jerome Handicap, Groovy finished fourth. Now firmly fixed as a sprint horse, he was shipped to California to prepare for the November 1, 1986, Breeders' Cup Sprint. In a tune-up on October 15, he won the six-furlong Ancient Title Handicap at Santa Anita Park in the time of 1:08 1/5. On the same track and at the same distance, Groovy was sent off as the overwhelming favorite to win the Breeders' Cup Sprint but finished fourth, 2½ lengths behind winner Smile. Following another fourth-place finish in the November 15 Sport Page Handicap at Aqueduct Racetrack, X-rays revealed that Groovy had a bone chip in the right knee that required surgery.


title: Groovy (horse)

text: At the end of Groovy's 1986 racing campaign, John Ballis bought out his partner's half-interest in the horse for $950,000 and raced under the name Lone Star Stable. Recovery from surgery saw Groovy out of racing for nearly seven months. He returned on June 6, 1987, to win the Roseben Handicap at Belmont Park by 4¾ lengths, receiving a Beyer Speed Figure of 131. In the June 21 True North Handicap at Belmont Park, while carrying high weight, Groovy established a track record of 1:07 4/5 for six furlongs on dirt and earned a Beyer Speed figure of 134 on a muddy track. He then won the July 5 Breeders' Cup Stakes at Farmington, New York's Finger Lakes Race Track, setting another track record for six furlongs on dirt with a time of 1:09 2/5. After he won the July 18 Tom Fool Stakes for the second year in a row and his fourth race in four 1987 starts, John Ballis sold Groovy for $4 million to the Prestonwood Farm of brothers Jack, Art and J.R. Preston. For his new owners, Groovy won his next two starts, including the Grade I Vosburgh Stakes on October 10. Undefeated for the year, Groovy was again the heavy favorite to win November's Breeders' Cup Sprint, hosted in 1987 by Hollywood Park Racetrack. In his last race, for the second straight year Groovy was upset in the Breeders' Cup Sprint, finishing second by four lengths to the filly Very Subtle. Groovy was a leading contender for American Horse of the Year honors, and this loss may have cost him the title. However, he was voted the Eclipse Award as the 1987 American Champion Sprint Horse.


title: Monks: The Transatlantic Feedback

text: After the Beatles conquered the world, America responded with the Monkees, a friendlier version playing Brill Building hits. Inversely, in Germany, a pair of avant-garde geniuses (Walther Niemann and Karl-H. Remy) conceptualized the Monks, a group of bizarre anti-Beatles who would write their own dark minimalist rock. The gifted band, a group of five Americans who had recently finished their U.S. military service at a German base, had honed its skills by playing up to 40 hours a week in the same beat clubs that provided the Beatles' training. The musicians' new managers dressed them in black, shaved their heads like monks, provided them with a series of manifestos, and coached them to reconfigure their band to feature tribal drumming, feedback and electric banjo. Somehow, this resulted in one of the greatest albums in rock history. Despite experimenting with minimalism, tension and antipop sensibilities (backup vocals are sung in creepy unison instead of sweet harmony), the record is danceable and joyous.


title: Tierra Verde, Florida

text: Cabbage Key was documented in 1902 as the location where a particularly large alligator was caught, the specimen being reported as twelve feet long and weighing 431 pounds. Human skeletons were also found on the island at one time, although early searches found no pottery. A dredging project in 1913 filled in low-lying areas of the island, and in December of that year the island was sold by owner Will Dent to " syndicate composed of H.E. Dickens, E. Durant and others" for around $50,000. Early settlers to the area included Baltimore sea captain William Bunce and Silas Dent, who with his brother had a dairy farm. Dent lived on Cabbage Key until he died there in 1952. The Roberts family was among the early settlers of Pass-a-Grille and Tierra Verde. George "Florida" Roberts was a fishing guide for figures such as land developer Walter Fuller, Cecil B. Detre, and John Wanamaker. The thousands of tarpon caught by Roberts and his clients can be found as far away as Alexandria, Egypt, in the home of Sir Harry Rofe. By 1920, Cabbage Key had "a first-class dairy with 36 cows", as well as the first wireless tower in Pinellas County.


title: White Paper of 1939

text: In June 1922, the League of Nations approved the Palestine Mandate, effective September 1923, an explicit document on Britain's responsibilities and powers of administration in Palestine, including 'secur the establishment of the Jewish national home', and 'safeguarding the civil and religious rights of all the inhabitants of Palestine'. In September 1922, the British government presented the Trans-Jordan memorandum to the League of Nations that stated that the Emirate of Transjordan would be excluded from all the provisions dealing with Jewish settlement, in accordance with Article 25 of the Mandate. The memorandum was approved on 23 September. Stiff Arab opposition and pressure against Jewish immigration made Britain redefine Jewish immigration by restricting its flow according to the country's economic capacity to absorb the immigrants. In effect, annual quotas were put in place as to how many Jews could immigrate, but Jews possessing a large sum of money (£500) were allowed to enter the country freely.


title: White Paper of 1939

text: The large numbers of Jews entering Palestine was a cause of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. Britain responded to the revolt by appointing a royal commission, the Peel Commission, which went to Palestine and undertook a thorough study of the issues. The Peel Commission recommended in 1937 for Palestine to be partitioned into two states: one Arab the other Jewish. The proposal was rejected by the Arabs while the Zionist response was "neither positive nor negative" and the Peel Commission failed to stem the violence. In January 1938, the Woodhead Commission explored the practicalities of partition and considered three different plans, one of which was based on the Peel Plan. Reporting in 1938, the Woodhead Commission rejected the plan, primarily on the grounds that it could not be implemented without a massive forced transfer of Arabs, an option that the British government had already ruled out. With dissent from some of its members, the Commission instead recommended a plan that would leave the Galilee under British mandate, but it emphasised serious problems with it such as a lack of financial self-sufficiency of the proposed Arab state. The British government accompanied the publication of the Woodhead Report by a statement of policy rejecting partition as impracticable for "political, administrative and financial difficulties". It proposed a substantially smaller Jewish state, including the coastal plain only. The Évian Conference, convened by the United States in July 1938, failed to find any agreement to deal with the rapidly growing number of Jewish refugees, increasing pressure on the British to find a solution to the problem of Jewish immigration to Palestine.


title: White Paper of 1939

text: His Majesty's Government do not find anything in the Mandate or in subsequent Statements of Policy to support the view that the establishment of a Jewish National Home in Palestine cannot be effected unless immigration is allowed to continue indefinitely. If immigration has an adverse effect on the economic position in the country, it should clearly be restricted; and equally, if it has a seriously damaging effect on the political position in the country, that is a factor that should not be ignored. Although it is not difficult to contend that the large number of Jewish immigrants who have been admitted so far have been absorbed economically, the fear of the Arabs that this influx will continue indefinitely until the Jewish population is in a position to dominate them has produced consequences which are extremely grave for Jews and Arabs alike and for the peace and prosperity of Palestine. The lamentable disturbances of the past three years are only the latest and most sustained manifestation of this intense Arab apprehension it cannot be denied that fear of indefinite Jewish immigration is widespread amongst the Arab population and that this fear has made possible disturbances which have given a serious setback to economic progress, depleted the Palestine exchequer, rendered life and property insecure, and produced a bitterness between the Arab and Jewish populations which is deplorable between citizens of the same country. If in these circumstances immigration is continued up to the economic absorptive capacity of the country, regardless of all other considerations, a fatal enmity between the two peoples will be perpetuated, and the situation in Palestine may become a permanent source of friction amongst all peoples in the Near and Middle East.


title: White Paper of 1939

text: Jewish immigration during the next five years will be at a rate which, if economic absorptive capacity permits, will bring the Jewish population up to approximately one third of the total population of the country. Taking into account the expected natural increase of the Arab and Jewish populations, and the number of illegal Jewish immigrants now in the country, this would allow of the admission, as from the beginning of April this year, of some 75,000 immigrants over the next four years. These immigrants would, subject to the criterion of economic absorptive capacity, be admitted as follows: For each of the next five years a quota of 10,000 Jewish immigrants will be allowed on the understanding that a shortage one year may be added to the quotas for subsequent years, within the five-year period, if economic absorptive capacity permits. In addition, as a contribution towards the solution of the Jewish refugee problem, 25,000 refugees will be admitted as soon as the High Commissioner is satisfied that adequate provision for their maintenance is ensured, special consideration being given to refugee children and dependents. The existing machinery for ascertaining economic absorptive capacity will be retained, and the High Commissioner will have the ultimate responsibility for deciding the limits of economic capacity. Before each periodic decision is taken, Jewish and Arab representatives will be consulted. After the period of five years, no further Jewish immigration will be permitted unless the Arabs of Palestine are prepared to acquiesce in it.


title: White Paper of 1939

text: In response to the White Paper, the right-wing Zionist militant group Irgun began formulating plans for a rebellion to evict the British and to establish an independent Jewish state. Ze'ev Jabotinsky, the founder of Irgun, who had been exiled from Palestine by the British, proposed a plan for a revolt to take place in October 1939, which he sent to the Irgun High Command in six coded letters. Jabotinsky's plan, he and other "illegals" would start by arriving in Palestine by boat. Then, the Irgun would help him and the other passengers escape. Next, the Irgun would raid and occupy Government House and other British centres of power in Palestine, raise the Jewish national flag and hold them for at least 24 hours, even at a heavy cost. Simultaneously, Zionist leaders in Western Europe and the United States would proclaim an independent Jewish state in Palestine and function as a government-in-exile. Irgun seriously considered carrying out the plan but was concerned over the heavy losses that would be inevitable. Irgun leader Avraham Stern, who would later break from Irgun to form Lehi, formed a plan for 40,000 armed Jewish fighters recruited in Europe to sail to Palestine and join the rebellion. The Polish government supported his plan and began training Jews and setting aside weaponry for them. However, the outbreak of World War II in September 1939 quickly put an end to those plans.


title: White Paper of 1939

text: It will be recalled that in the Statement of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of 13 November 1945, it was made clear that His Majesty's Government could not divest themselves of the duties and responsibilities under the Mandate while the Mandate continued. They therefore proposed that they would consult with the Arabs with a view to an arrangement which would ensure that pending the receipt of the interim recommendations of the Committee of Inquiry there would be no interruption of Jewish immigration at the present monthly rate. These consultations with the Arabs have been proceeding over a long period and have reached no conclusive result. In these circumstances His Majesty's Government have now decided for cogent reasons that they must allow immigration to continue provisionally at the proposed rate of 1,500 a month. Preference will be given to those European Jews who have a special claim such as those to whom the Palestine Government have already undertaken obligations, and relatives in Europe of Jews already established in Palestine. Illegal immigrants will of course, continue to be deducted from quotas.


title: Békésszentandrás

text: After the Hungarian conquest nearly seventy settlements were founded in the region of the Körös rivers. Archaeological research indicates there were a number of smaller settlements in this region which later were depopulated during the Mongol invasion. The first written reference about Békésszentandrás – as we now know is from 1297. The name of the village was mentioned for the first time in a controversial issue in 1329. Its autonomy was recognised on 18 April 1330 and became the property of the Úzvásári family under the name of Zenthandreas. Almost a hundred years later the settlement became the Crown's property again. Around 1436 King Sigismund donated it to his Knight János Hunyadi. The construction and flourishing of the Szentandrási estate began in that period. Around 1460 the estate received market town rights. After the death of János Hunyadi, his wife Erzsébet Szilágyi managed the estate. She was followed by János Corvin and András Dánfy. Under the leadership of the Dánfy family the estate fell into pieces, lost its integrated management and market town rights. The four parts of the village were shared by Miklós Nagyfalusi Toldy, Anna Dánfy, the Paksy and Patócsi family. The number of people living in Szentandrás under the Turkish rule often changed. Many of them left the settlement during the fighting at Gyula and just slowly drifted back to their village. Due to the high tax burden many people fled to the free counties.


title: Lukas Vischer (theologian)

text: The work on Ministry and the Sacraments has been part of Faith and Order's agenda since the first World Conference in 1927. It was one of Lukas Vischer's roles to continue with this. The Commission's approach to the division at the Eucharist is reflected in the Report of the Section on Unity in New Delhi 1961: "Wherever existing convictions allow for a more direct progress towards intercommunion between Churches, it should be made without waiting for consensus and common action in the ecumenical movement as a whole." In the question of Ministry, church traditions also lay rather far apart, but during the study process a remarkable convergence in theological positions was achieved. It was important to Lukas Vischer to have a broad consultation process in order to facilitate the adoption of the paper by the member churches. Shortly after his resignation from the WCC, the Convergence Declaration "Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry" was adopted at the Commission's plenary meeting in Lima in 1982.


title: Lukas Vischer (theologian)

text: The worry about the integrity of God's creation and solidarity with the victims of climate change received little attention within the Churches compared with human-centric topics like peace and justice. This is the reason why Vischer put the focus of his personal work on theology of creation and the Churches' ecological responsibility. With the support of the Swiss Protestant Synod, the organisation "OekU Kirche und Umwelt" (Church and Environment; now: "OekU Kirchen für die Umwelt" ) was created in 1986. Vischer was also involved in the development of the WCC's programme on climate change. At the 2nd European Ecumenical Assembly in Graz 1997, Vischer advocated with others the proposal to create specific structures for the ecological witness of the Churches on a European level. The European Christian Environmental Network (ECEN) was created in 1998. ECEN propagates the introduction of a "Time for Creation" in the church year from 1 September until 4 October, among other ecological measures.


title: Grain drying

text: The largest dryers are normally used "Off-farm", in elevators, and are of the continuous type: Mixed-flow dryers are preferred in Europe, while Cross-flow dryers in the United States. In Argentina, both types are commonly found. Continuous flow dryers may produce up to 100 metric tonnes of dried grain per hour. The depth of grain the air must traverse in continuous dryers range from some 0.15 m in Mixed flow dryers to some 0.30 m in Cross-Flow. Batch dryers are mainly used "On-Farm", particularly in the United States and Europe. They normally consist of a bin, with heated air flowing horizontally from an internal cylinder through an inner perforated metal sheet, then through an annular grain bed, some 0.50 m thick (coaxial with the internal cylinder) in radial direction, and finally across the outer perforated metal sheet, before being discharged to the atmosphere. The usual drying times range from 1 h to 4 h depending on how much water must be removed, type of grain, air temperature and the grain depth. In the United States, continuous counterflow dryers may be found on-farm, adapting a bin to slowly drying grain fed at the top and removed at the bottom of the bin by a sweeping auger.