title: Coffee wars

text: Along with the competition between coffeehouses, the manufacturers of espresso machines have also competed to enlarge their respective shares. Typically coming in three styles, manual (pulls), automatic (pulls and serves), and super-automatic (grinds, pulls, and serves), the advent of espresso pods, have lowered the market's barrier to entry. In 2010, Nespresso launched a home-brew method of pulling espresso shots by inventing a compact single-use coffee container. Typically contrasted with the more traditional ground coffee served by most major coffeeshops, the use of espresso pods have proliferated. In March 2014 Nespresso's patent expired, allowing Keurig and Green Mountain Coffee to market their own brands. In 2018, Keurig Green Mountain merged with Dr Pepper to create Keurig Dr Pepper. In March 2016, Starbucks announced a partnership with Keurig to distribute Starbucks-branded pods in their brewers officially entering the market. In April 2019 Starbucks launched a large suite of espresso pods, featuring all of their branded-espresso, with Nestlé. This linked the world largest coffeehouse with the largest pod-manufacturer. Since then many companies – including Italian manufactures Lavazza and Illy – have launched their own brands.


title: Chemical reaction network theory

text: The deficiency zero theorem gives sufficient conditions for the existence of the Lyapunov function in the classical free energy form G ( c ) = ∑ i c i ( ln  c i c i ∗ − 1 ) {\displaystyle G(c)=\sum _{i}c_{i}\left(\ln {\frac {c_{i}}{c_{i}^{*}}}-1\right)} , where c i {\displaystyle c_{i}} is the concentration of the i-th component. The theorem about systems without interactions between different components states that if a network consists of reactions of the form n k A i → ∑ j β k j A j {\displaystyle n_{k}A_{i}\to \sum _{j}\beta _{kj}A_{j}} (for k ≤ r {\displaystyle k\leq r} , where r is the number of reactions, A i {\displaystyle A_{i}} is the symbol of ith component, n k ≥ 1 {\displaystyle n_{k}\geq 1} , and β k j {\displaystyle \beta _{kj}} are non-negative integers) and allows the stoichiometric conservation law M ( c ) = ∑ i m i c i = const {\displaystyle M(c)=\sum _{i}m_{i}c_{i}={\text{const}}} (where all m i > 0 {\displaystyle m_{i}>0} ), then the weighted L1 distance ∑ i m i | c i 1 ( t ) − c i 2 ( t ) | {\displaystyle \sum _{i}m_{i}|c_{i}^{1}(t)-c_{i}^{2}(t)|} between two solutions c 1 ( t ) and c 2 ( t ) {\displaystyle c^{1}(t)\;{\mbox{and}}\;c^{2}(t)} with the same M(c) monotonically decreases in time.


title: Anna Tieke

text: In October 1931 Rudolf and Anna Tieke and their three children relocated from Berlin to the Soviet Union. They were motivated, it seems, by political idealism. "It is fantastic here" ("Es ist herrlich hier"), wrote Anna Tieke to her parents, left behind in Berlin, in a letter dated 6 November 1931. By this time the Tieke family were settled with other German emigrants, creating the "Spartak" production commune in Khosta (Хосте), along the Black Sea coast to the south of Krasnodar. A year later disaster struck in the form a massive famine across (and beyond) the entire Caucasus region. Historians still argue over how far the famine resulted from natural causes - primarily drought - and how far it reflected political and logistical failures caused by government implementation of enforced collectivisation. The widespread death from starvation was in any case real enough. The Tiekes narrowly avoided death by starvation thanks to the Comintern which managed to arrange their return to Moscow.


title: Anna Tieke

text: Meanwhile, the leader's belief - not entirely unjustified - that he was surrounded in the Kremlin by comrades who might not think him the best man for the job developed into acute personal paranoia. The foreign-born inhabitants of a "Community House" in Leningrad became vulnerable to official suspicion which became a widespread purge of the politically involved. Towards the end of summer 1937 the security services began to arrest the occupants of the house, generally starting with the men and then returning a few weeks later to arrest wives and adolescent children. Younger children were generally sent to children's homes, so that overnight complete families disappeared from the home, till a few months later when none were left. During the night of 3/4 September 1937 Rudolf Tieke was among the first to be detained. He cheerfully bade his family farewell, confident that he would soon be back because he knew he was not guilty of any crime and confident also that this would quickly be confirmed in any official investigation. An investigation was quickly launched. He was photographed and repeatedly interrogated. He was not permitted to read the records of the interrogation but, threatened with torture, he was nevertheless forced to sign an absurd confession to "membership of an anti-Soviet espionage organisation", to "terrorist spying on behalf of Germany" and to planning assassinations of leading party and national leaders of the Soviet Union. The security services reported they had found weapons for use by the organisation, though it appears that the alleged weapons were never actually found. Based on Rudolf Tieke's so-called confession the investigation ended, without witnesses, without charges, without a judge, and without involvement of any defence or other lawyers.


title: Anna Tieke

text: Anna Tieke and her son Rudolf Tieke were arrested on 5 November 1937. Anna was identified as a Gestapo agent and accused of membership of a "fascist terrorist Trotskyite counter-revolutionary organisation" and of spreading "counter-revolutionary and fascist propaganda among German and Austrian emigrants". The younger children, Günter and Ursula, were at this stage left behind. Later, in 1955, the Soviet security services informed Rudolf Tieke that his wife had been sentenced in 1938 to spend ten years in a labour camp where she had died on 10 July 1942. Her son Rudolf had also died. Rudolf Tieke lived out his final decades in Berlin where he died in March 1989. It was only in 1991 or 1995, with a new openness sweeping the Soviet Union that his youngest daughter, Ursula, established that both her mother, Anna Tieke, and her elder brother, Rudolf Tieke, had been shot dead on 15 January 1938, and the bodies disposed of in a mass grave in the Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) suburb Levashovo.


title: Gosha Rubchinskiy

text: Following the announcement of Gosha Rubchisnkiy's long-term collaboration with Adidas Football leading up to the 2018 World Cup, the designer chose the city of Kaliningrad for his first show in Russia since 2009. The football-inspired A/W 17 collection was presented at the Regional Center of Youth Culture, which currently occupies the building of the Königsberg Stock Exchange. His open casting call was answered by young men from all over the country. A documentary Apart, presented by a Moscow-based publishing and online platform INRUSSIA, stars three young men who travelled from across Russia to take a part in the show in the country's westernmost exclave. Directed by Papaya Dog, the film is a poetic and beautiful testament to the lives of Gosha's post-Soviet youth, told without hyperbole or drama. Kaliningrad guidebook and travel zine, featuring enigmatic, black-and-white photography by Kirill Gluschenko, shines light on the unique historical convergence of German and Soviet architecture of the city and aims to guide visitors through Kaliningrad in a friendly fashion. The zine was presented at the show in January 2017 and launched Gosha's collaboration with INRUSSIA's publishing program.


title: Rick Perlstein

text: Perlstein was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to a Reform Jewish family, the third child of Jerold and Sandra (née Friedman) Perlstein. His father ran Bonded Messenger Service, a delivery company founded by his grandfather in 1955. Perlstein grew up in the Bayside and Fox Point neighborhoods of suburban Milwaukee, taking cross country trips with his parents and siblings to national landmarks like Mount Rushmore and Yellowstone National Park. In high school, upon earning his driver's license, Perlstein would head to Renaissance Books in downtown Milwaukee, and spend hours in its basement among stacks of old magazines from the 1960s. He later recounted in an interview: "I ended up getting my own archive on the 1960s culture wars. That's where it started." He also wrote in Rolling Stone: "A sixties obsessive since childhood, I misspent my teenage years prowling a ramshackle five-story used-book warehouse that somehow managed ... to stay one step ahead of Milwaukee, Wisconsin's building inspectors." Following graduation from Nicolet High School, Perlstein attended the University of Chicago, earning a bachelor's degree in history in 1992. While at the University of Chicago – years Perlstein described as "delightfully noisy and dissident", and a stark contrast to the suburbia of his youth, which "felt like a jail" – he was able to engage with and catch neighborhood jam sessions.


title: Dodoma Region

text: The city of Dodoma, from which the region gets its name, is the largest city and capital of the region. It began as a small Gogo village in the early 19th century, consisting of several traditional tembe houses. The city was formally established in 1907 by German colonists during construction of the Tanzanian central railway. The region has a long history of famine and economic difficulties. Along with Kondoa and Singida it was struck hard by the famine of the 1910s. One report by a British officer in Dodoma in December 1916 reported that "the whole district has been ransacked for cattle". The Germans had killed 26,000 animals, and the British, nearly 5,700. Problems continued throughout 1917, and in November 1917 drought turned it into a crisis. Some 30,000 people died; about 1 in 5 of the population of the district. Thousands of people emigrated, and others sold starving cattle for just a shilling at the market in Dodoma. Smallpox was prevalent, and the Spanish flu epidemic killed an estimated 50,000–80,000 in Tanganyika between 1918 and 1920.


title: Dodoma Region

text: When the British took over the country, they favoured Dar es Salaam and Arusha, and Dodoma began to decline in importance. It declined further in the 1960s when the Tanzam Highway was built by the Chinese, connecting Dar es Salaam to Morogoro and Iringa. On 9 December 1961, Tanganyika won independence from Britain, and Dodoma remained the capital of the central province. In 1963, the provinces of the new nation were divided into smaller administrative units and were renamed regions, and the Dodoma region was established. In 1973, the Tanzanian government announced that the administrative capital would be moved from Dar es Salaam to a more central location to better serve the needs of the people. Dodoma was selected for this purpose, as it was an already established town at a major crossroads with an agreeable climate and scope for development. The same year, the Tanzanian government launched a national soil conservation programme, known as the Dodoma soil conservation programme, to improve soil fertility and productivity in the worst affected areas of the region.


title: Alexandra Morton

text: While in California, Morton studied the communications of dolphins at Marineland of the Pacific in Palos Verdes. When she realized there were too many individuals in the tanks and that bottlenose dolphins were too quick to record their behaviour, Morton decided to shift her study towards Marineland's pair of killer whales, Orky and Corky, whom she had previously called "boring" because they spent long periods of time floating at the surface while calling back and forth to each other. Morton observed the pair when the female gave birth to the first orca conceived in captivity. She was interested in studying how baby orcas acquired new language. However, the calf died and none of Corky's other babies survived more than 45 days. Following the passing of each of the calves Morton recorded from Corky a behaviour that closely resembled mourning. The young mother lay on the bottom of the tank repeating the same calls over and over, stopping only to gulp another breath of air. The calls became raspy as the whale vocalized day and night. Morton also discovered that orcas invented games to distract themselves. One, the "Double Layout", consisted in Orky and Corky lying on their backs, putting their flukes on the platform next to the tank and raising their right flipper simultaneously. The most interesting behavior was the dawn greeting where both whales pressed their tongues against the tank wall where the first shaft of sunlight hit.


title: Alexandra Morton

text: In 1979, Morton contacted pioneering killer whale researcher Michael Bigg who told her Corky and Orky had come from A5 Pod in northwestern British Columbia. He knew this from photographs of their capture as he could see the terrified young Corky pressed against the side of her mother. Dr. Bigg had photos of Corky's mother and her sisters and he knew they visited Johnstone Strait every summer near Alert Bay, British Columbia. Morton spent her summer there and found A5 pod as well as other killer whale families. The next summer, she returned to British Columbia and met Robin Morton. Alexandra Morton then permanently shifted her study to wild killer whales. Morton and her husband moved onto a boat so that they could easily follow whales. To support their work, Morton and her husband rented out their boat for tourists and researchers. In 1984, while following the A12 matriline in Northeastern Vancouver Island, Morton came across the village of Echo Bay, British Columbia, in the Broughton Archipelago. She and her husband decided to settle there to pursue their study of wild killer whales.


title: Alexandra Morton

text: For many years, only resident killer whales were intensely studied, as their predictable behaviour and highly stable social structure enabled researchers to follow them easily over a whole summer. Transients, however, have erratic route patterns which make them difficult to study. However, the Broughton Archipelago where Morton lived was frequented by many transient groups and since the mid eighties, Morton has been conducting the study of this little known community. One of her main findings has been that the differences in feeding habits between residents and transients lead each community to different lifestyles and behaviours. Transients, now named Biggs whales, eat only warm-blooded prey while residents eat only fish. She noted that transients, unlike residents, are mostly silent. As their mammalian prey have very good hearing, vocalizing could alert them of the predators approaching. Moreover, the seals and sea lions' good eyesight and their ability to teach their offspring make it imperative for transients to swim as stealthily as possible, thus explaining the transients' longer dives than residents and their habit of hiding their breath and clicks (used for echolocation) among other noises present in the sea. One transient Morton knew well used to hide behind her boat to avoid being detected by potential prey. In 1987, Morton expanded her study to pacific white-sided dolphins which had come back to the archipelago three years prior. In 2010 she won the Women of Discovery Sea Award.


title: Chlorodendrales

text: Species within Chlorodendrales are found in marine and freshwater ecosystems around the world, including locations such as the salt plains of Goa, India. Species occupy niches within planktonic and benthic food webs, in which all species are photoautotrophic and have an ecosystem and trophic role similar to land plants in terrestrial environments. Primary producers are consumed by primary consumers such as zooplankton, invertebrate larvae, and heterotrophic protists species. Most species within this group are free-living, however some species have become photosynthetic symbionts in animals; the animal species that can be in symbiosis with Chlorodendrales is limited, due to their need for sunlight for photosynthetic processes. Chlorodendrales populations in natural settings tend to experience extreme fluctuations in population numbers due to seasonal changes in abiotic conditions, such as ambient temperature, the amount of sunlight, and nutrient concentrations. This leads to what has been classified as "blooms," which is the rapid increase in algae numbers during the spring and autumn months because of high light activity and the turnover of nutrients within the water column. It results from the high amount of sunlight, and the mixing of the water layers which resupplies the upper photosynthetic layer with nutrients, allowing for primary productivity to flourish.


title: Deyes High School

text: Deyes High School has seven buildings among its grounds; Lydiate, Molyneux, Unsworth, Sefton, Allen, College and Maths buildings. The Lydiate Building was the first part of the school to be erected and for many years had a large quadrangle in its centre, housing a variety of animals, including peacocks. The Sefton Building is split into two sections: the newer section houses the Religious Education and History departments, and the other has a small Geography department and the oldest of the Science rooms. The Unsworth Building is made up of 3 buildings. Departments such as Information Communication Technology, Music, Physical Education and Performing Arts all have a place inside three unified buildings. The main school hall is situated in the Unsworth building, forming the main part and centre of the school. The Molyneux building is currently closed. It is 3 storeys tall and was home to the Modern Foreign Languages, and Science departments. The ground floor of the building has two rooms dedicated to Learning Mentors. The middle floor was occupied by AMPSCITT, until its closure. The Allen building is the Technology building with one room being used as an ICT room as well. This building was opened in 2003.


title: Helen Klanderud

text: Helen Klanderud began her political career during the summer of 1980. Klanderud was attending a Sunday concert at the Aspen Music Festival when she was approached by the then Aspen Mayor Herman Edel, who asked her to run for a new, open seat in the Board of County Commissioners of Pitkin County in the fall. The Board of County Commissioners was expanding from three seats to five members that year. Klanderud entered the race. She was won election to the board, defeating her opponent, Tom Isaac, by only 40 votes out of 5,126 total ballots cast in the race. In doing so, Klanderud became the first woman to be elected as a Pikin County commissioner once she took office in 1981. She was re-elected to a second term in 1984 and served until 1987. As a county commissioner, Klanderud, a smoker, opposed a city-wide no-smoking ordinance enacted by Aspen Mayor Bill Stirling during the 1980s. However, Klanderud and Mayor Stirling did collaborate on other issues affecting Aspen, such as the construction of a hydroelectric facility on Ruedi Reservoir. During the 1980s and 1990s, Klanderud also successfully promoted development of the Roaring Fork Transportation Authority, providing public transit to areas around Aspen. This work was later seen as a model by other communities along the Sea to Sky corridor.


title: Helen Klanderud

text: In June 2005, Klanderud represented Aspen at the "Sundance Summit: A Mayors Gathering on Climate Protection," held in Salt Lake City, which examined ways that cities could cut and offset carbon emissions. Aspen was the smallest municipality to be invited to the three-day summit, which included major U.S. cities like Seattle and Chicago. Three Colorado mayors were invited to the Sundance Summit on Climate Protection, including Klanderud, Denver Mayor John Hickenlooper, and Boulder Mayor Mark Ruzzin. Later that same month, Mayor Klanderud and other Aspen officials announced the "Canary Initiative" to combat climate change and measure the town's emissions. At the time, Klanderud announced a focus on improvements to Aspen's transportation sector and energy-efficient building codes. Klanderud also presented at a national meeting, "Strengthening Our Cities: Mayors Responding to Global Climate Change", September 16–18, 2006, in Anchorage, Alaska. Emphasizing the importance of local and individual action, she said of the Alaska meeting, "It's about mayors taking leadership because of the failure of the federal government to join the Kyoto Protocol." She also served on the Climate Action Panel for the Colorado Climate Project. On behalf of the city of Aspen, Mayor Klanderud accepted the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Achievement Award, in 2007.


title: Joe Brewster

text: In 1999, Brewster and Stephenson set out to document the experiences of their son and his best friend from the time both boys entered kindergarten at the Dalton School through their high school graduation in 2012. Their goal was to closely examine the coming of age and school experiences of two middle class African American boys at a predominantly white school in the context of the persistent U.S. achievement gap. American Promise is slated for broadcast on POV in 2013. Brewster and Stephenson are Sundance Institute Fellows, Tribeca All Access Fellows and the recipients of the Tribeca Gucci Fund for Documentary Film for the 12-year longitudinal documentary. American Promise is the centerpiece of a transmedia engagement campaign that uses mobile web and interactive technology to help propel young men of color to success. American Promise was nominated for three Emmys and its outreach campaign received the Puma Award as the for one of the world's top outreach campaigns for 2013. he American Promise premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize for Excellence in Filmmaking and was also part of the 2013 New York Film Festival's Main Slate. American Promise has received the Full Frame Festival Grand Jury Prize, Hot Springs Film Festival Best Documentary, and the Henry Wickham Impact Award. Brewster and his wife were also honored with an NAACP Image Award for their companion book, Promises Kept: Raising Black Boys to Succeed in School and in Life.


title: Victorian Railways Long W type carriage

text: Two new dining cars were built in 1927, named respectively Avoca and Hopkins. These had a similar underframe to the standard E type carriage, but the body design was a much closer match to the latter half of the Long W type carriages, using steel plates rivetted to the frame, and a curved roof was fitted. The cars were so heavy, at over 70 tons, that they had to be placed on Tait Motor-car bogies to support the tremendous weight. Aside from the three Pullman cars, these were the heaviest items (by axle load) of rollingstock to run in Victoria, possibly until modern times. Couplings were an oddity; the two were fitted with standard screw couplings when new, but by late 1935 they were both converted to autocouplers. A few months later they went to transition couplings, then back to proper autocouplers in 1936. Inside, the cars were partitioned at about the half-way mark, with 48 seats arranged in a 2+2 with 12 tables saloon configuration. Beyond this was a counter/buffet area facing the dining area; a corridor then ran along one side of the kitchen area, with the rest of the car devoted to a kitchen and food preparation area. This was a distinct change from the layout of the E type dining cars, which had a central kitchen area with the first class dining facilities at one end, and second class at the other.


title: Victorian Railways Long W type carriage

text: Avoca was converted to airconditioning in early 1936, as the second carriage on the VR network to have this modification following 36AE. In 1937 it was used as the standby for the Spirit of Progress, in case the Dining Car was not available at the time. The cars quickly became known as Iron Tanks by most rail workers, or nicknamed "Hell" by crew members who had to work in the kitchen section with its huge wooden fuel stove, which was not airconditioned. Crew members could regularly be seen gasping for fresh air at open windows. The car was painted into blue/gold in December 1953 for the royal train. The old briquette stove was replaced in April 1969 with a Porta-gas model. Roller bearings were added in the late 1960s. The bogies were completely replaced in 1973 with a then-modern fabricated design, reclaimed from Spirit of Progress carriages and modified to support the tremendous weight of Avoca which tended to sway about on rough track. In May 1984, as part of the New Deal rollingstock renumbering, Avoca was given a new identity of RS235, the first time it had been considered as part of the S fleet. Around this time the car was repainted into a "heritage" livery, reminiscent of the dark maroon with yellow lining applied to the first E cars when they were built. Today, Avoca is owned by Victrack and under the care of the Seymour Rail Heritage Centre.


title: First Person Shooter (song)

text: "First Person Shooter" features a "subtle-yet-triumphant" yet "high-octane" production that starts out with a "warped" vocal sample of Joe Washington's "Look Me in the Eyes" while both artists exchange a few bars. The second half of the song features a down-pitched looped sample from Snorre Tidemand's orchestral "Redemption." The "hard" and "playful" track was especially noted for its "futuristic and energetic" production that enabled Drake and Cole to showcase their skills. The track sees Cole reflecting on his continuous success, arguing that him, Drake, and fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar are the "big three" in rap music whereas he himself feels like Muhammad Ali. Another reference includes a comparison of both artists to a meme of two Spider-Men pointing at each other. Cole also says that he wishes to collaborate with fellow American rapper YoungBoy Never Broke Again later on the song, seemingly dismissing rumors of him dissing the rapper on his collaboration with rapper and album producer Lil Yachty on "The Secret Recipe", while he also confirms that his upcoming album, The Fall Off, is on the way. In reference to his fame and commercial success, Drake later shouts out the Beatles and Michael Jackson, notably referencing how he was one song away from eventually tying the latter's record for most number-one US Billboard Hot 100 singles by a solo male artist.


title: Chakfazal

text: Chakfazal is a village in Kharian, Gujrat in the province: Punjab Pakistan. There are approximately 200 to 250 houses. Mostly cast of population is Jat and clan is Babbar.Its population is approximately 1500.It is situated 25 km far from Kharian and 30 km away from district Administration Gujrat. Its nearest city is Kotla Arab Ali Khan. Chakfazal is 5 km far from Kotla Arab Ali Khan City. The village lies between the rivers of Chenab and Jhelum, and in the north, the foothills of the mountains of Pir Panjal. The village has a rich agricultural land, where wheat, rice, sugarcane, and other crops are grown. The village also has a primary school, a mosque, a graveyard. Chakfazal is known for its cultural and social activities, such as sports, festivals, weddings, and religious ceremonies. The village has a cricket team, a football team, and a volleyball team, which participate in local tournaments and matches. The village also celebrates various occasions, such as Eid, Independence Day, and others, with zeal and enthusiasm. The village has a strong sense of community and solidarity, where people help each other in times of need and joy. Chakfazal is a village that represents the rural life of Punjab, Pakistan.


title: Christopher Love Morley

text: Morley was born in or about 1646, and from his name may probably have been related to Christopher Love, the presbyterian. He was entered as a medical student at Leyden 18 Feb. 1676 , being then thirty years of age (Munk), and graduated M.D. in 1679. According to a short account of Morley in the preface to his 'Collectanea Chymica,' he had travelled widely, and apparently practised medicine before coming to Holland. At Leyden he attended the medical practice of Schacht and Drelincourt, with the anatomical lectures of the latter, and also studied chemistry with Maëts and others. Morley was accustomed to take copious notes of lectures, cases, &c., which ultimately extended, it is said, to more than forty quarto volumes. Of these a few have survived, and are now in the British Museum . They are dated 1677 to 1679, and not only show Morley's diligence as a student, but give an interesting picture of the state of medical education in Leyden at the time. On his return to England he published a little volume on an epidemic fever then prevalent in England, Holland, and else where, which he dedicated to the Royal College of Physicians . It contains an account of his personal experience of the disease, and a letter from Professor Schacht of Leyden on the same subject, besides remarks on the state of medical practice in England and Holland. This probably led to his election as an honorary fellow of the College of Physicians 30 Sept. 1680 (since, not being an English graduate, he was not eligible to become an ordinary fellow). He did not immediately settle down, for in 1683 we find him going on a voyage to the Indies, but in 1684 he was practising in London.


title: Howard Hesseman

text: In 2006, he played the unorthodox Judge Robert Thompson in three episodes of Boston Legal, and also appeared in an episode of House. During his appearance as Judge Thompson, Hesseman paid homage to his role as a teacher in his earlier ABC series by hearing a court case while sitting atop the judge's bench, just as the character of Mr. Moore taught his class atop his desk. In 2007, he played The Chemist on HBO's John From Cincinnati. He guest-starred as an announcer at a horse track on Psych, in the episode "And Down the Stretch Comes Murder." Hesseman guest-starred on the 2007 season premiere of NBC's ER, playing a man tripping on magic mushrooms who may or may not have been an orthopedist from another hospital. Hesseman starred in The Sunshine Boys at the New Theatre Restaurant in Overland Park, Kansas, from September to November 2010. In February 2011, he portrayed Dr. Elliot D. Aden in the 11th-season CSI: Crime Scene Investigation episode "Turn On, Tune In, Drop Dead." Dr. Aden was head of Department of Defense project called Stonewall at WLVU, which did research in fringe psychological concepts such as extrasensory perception and out-of-body experiences.


title: Sean Burnett

text: Burnett was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first round in 2000 Major League Baseball Draft. Known for his change-up, remarkable control, presence, and a low-90s fastball. Burnett was the Pirates Minor League Pitcher of the Year in 2001 and 2002, and 2002 Carolina League Pitcher of the Year. Baseball America named him the Carolina League's #1 prospect, and the Pirates #2 prospect. Baseball America after 2002: "Burnett was anointed as the Hillcats' ace--and he rarely disappointed. A left-hander with a 91 mph fastball and the league's best changeup, he did his part to help create a winning attitude on the field. Batters found it difficult to drive the ball in the air against him because he pitches down in the strike zone." His velocity improved in 2002, hitting 93 mph (150 km/h). His changeup is his best pitch, he also has a good slider. Knowles: "He needs to improve his breaking ball, he makes a lot of mistakes with it, but he throws enough strikes with his other pitches that he gets by with it."


title: Food Safety and Inspection Service

text: More than 7,800 FSIS inspection program personnel are assigned to about 6,200 federal slaughter, food processing, and import establishments in the United States. They verify the processing of tens of billions of pounds of meat and poultry, and billions of pounds of egg products. At slaughter establishments, inspectors perform antemortem inspections to prevent slaughter of diseased animals. Then, postmortem examinations are performed to identify diseased carcasses not evident antemortem. Regulations for rapid chilling, adequate trimming, and sanitary washing are enforced to reduce microbial contamination. Samples are collected for residue testing to ensure antibiotic, pesticide and other residues are below regulatory limits. For cattle, tissue samples are tested for the presence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. In processing plants, procedures and formulations are monitored to ensure that FSIS requirements and standards of identity are met. Inspectors in egg plants primarily monitor pasteurization. In all plants, sanitation, net weight, and accurate labeling (including nutrition information) regulations are enforced. FSIS also is responsible for products presented for import inspection at ports and borders, from countries that FSIS has determined to have inspection systems equivalent to Federal inspection systems.


title: Food Safety and Inspection Service

text: FSIS is a large, independent agency that functions separately from the FDA and participates in business oversight.: 12 FSIS is under the direction of the Department of Agriculture while the FDA is under the direction of the Department of Health and Human Services. The two agencies share responsibilities on various topics concerning food safety, but have different methods of enforcement and supervision of food producers. For example, both FSIS and the FDA have the authority to regulate food labeling. In March 2014, FSIS implemented a new regulatory requirement for labeling; 9 CFR Part 412. At times, FSIS requires a food producer to obtain pre-market approval of their intended label before the product is entered into the stream of commerce (for products under their jurisdiction. If product is covered by a standard of identity and meets the established standard, then pre-market approval is not necessary. The FDA does not require that a food producer, in their jurisdiction, obtain pre-market approval of their label. FSIS takes a preemptive role in food labeling where the FDA takes a reactive role in food labeling. The FSIS also has authority in inspection and monitoring of food-related establishments, while the FDA has no jurisdiction regarding restaurants and food businesses.


title: Food Safety and Inspection Service

text: The FSIS's parent organization, the U.S. Department of Agriculture was founded in 1862 by President Abraham Lincoln. Harvey W. Wiley, M.D, who was appointed to the position of chief chemist at the USDA in 1883 devoted his career to the struggle against foodborne illnesses, by among other things campaigning for the Pure Food and Drug Act. It would however take effect until 1905, the technologically enabled rapid growth of the meat industry and the publication of The Jungle, which detailed the meat industry and its working conditions, for the act to pass. The Pure Food and Drug Act's main purpose lay in the banning of foreign and interstate traffic of adulterated and mislabelled food and its direction of the U.S. Bureau of Chemistry to inspect food products and refer offenders to the prosecution. It also constituted a major step towards the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. The Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA), which prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products and laid out that the slaughter of animals with the purpose of meat produce had to take place under certain sanitary conditions, was passed on the same day.


title: Food Safety and Inspection Service

text: With the passing of the Egg Products Inspections Act of 1970, the inspections of eggs and egg products was added to the USDA's responsibilities. Today the FSIS is responsible for the inspection of pasteurized liquid, frozen, or dried egg products, while the FDA undertakes to ensure shell egg safety. Following the reorganization of the USDA's agricultural research service, the Food Safety and Quality Service was created in 1977 to assume responsibility of meat and poultry grading as well as inspections. Only four years later it was reorganized and renamed to the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) under which the agency is still known today. The FSIS would undergo a major chance in philosophy, following a major outbreak of E. coli in 1993: It changed from relying largely on organoleptic (sight, touch & smell) controls to a more scientific approach with a focus on the prevention and reduction of microbial pathogens on raw products that can cause illness. Underlining this decision, the FHIS issued the Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) rule, which details a systematic approach to food safety from biological, chemical and physical hazards. It also illustrates the role of public and private sector with regards to food safety: While the industry is accountable for producing safe food, the government is responsible for setting appropriate food safety standards, maintaining vigorous inspection oversight, and maintaining a strong regulatory enforcement program to deal with noncompliance.


title: Sania Ramel Airport

text: The most important contribution of the Sania Ramel airfield to the Nationalist war effort during the Spanish Civil War was its role in the airlift that flew most of the Army of Africa into mainland Spain. It was the world's first long-range combat airlift. At that time, the rebels in Spanish Morocco were being blocked by the Spanish fleet which remained mostly loyal to the government and the Army of Africa, the only professional army in Spain, was key to secure the rebellion in mainland Spain. On 23 July a German Lufthansa plane, which had been requisitioned by the rebels, took off from Sania Ramel taking Franco's delegation to Berlin. Its purpose was to convince Hitler to supply the rebels with transport aircraft. On 28 July, the Ju 52 that took the delegation back to Tetouan started the airlift into the Tablada airfield in Seville, running four flights a day. On 31 July, the first three Ju 52 (out of the ten promised by Hitler) arrived to Tetouan. The following ones arrived some days later. A dummy company (HISMA) was set up in Tetouan to provide a cover up for the operation. It was to be known as Operation Magic Fire. Together with the Italian Air Force Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 supplied by Mussolini, the airlift carried about 13,000 soldiers and 270 tons of cargo until the operation was completed in November.


title: Hindu astrology

text: The foundation of Hindu astrology is the notion of bandhu of the Vedas (scriptures), which is the connection between the microcosm and the macrocosm. The practice relies primarily on the sidereal zodiac, which differs from the tropical zodiac used in Western (Hellenistic) astrology in that an ayanāṃśa adjustment is made for the gradual precession of the vernal equinox. Hindu astrology includes several nuanced sub-systems of interpretation and prediction with elements not found in Hellenistic astrology, such as its system of lunar mansions (Nakṣatra). It was only after the transmission of Hellenistic astrology that the order of planets in India was fixed in that of the seven-day week.: 383 Hellenistic astrology and astronomy also transmitted the twelve zodiacal signs beginning with Aries and the twelve astrological places beginning with the ascendant.: 384 The first evidence of the introduction of Greek astrology to India is the Yavanajātaka which dates to the early centuries CE.: 383 The Yavanajātaka (lit. "Sayings of the Greeks") was translated from Greek to Sanskrit by Yavaneśvara during the 2nd century CE, and is considered the first Indian astrological treatise in the Sanskrit language. However the only version that survives is the verse version of Sphujidhvaja which dates to AD 270.: 383 The first Indian astronomical text to define the weekday was the Āryabhaṭīya of Āryabhaṭa (born AD 476).: 383


title: Hindu astrology

text: India's University Grants Commission and Ministry of Human Resource Development decided to introduce "Jyotir Vigyan" (i.e. jyotir vijñāna) or "Vedic astrology" as a discipline of study in Indian universities, stating that "vedic astrology is not only one of the main subjects of our traditional and classical knowledge but this is the discipline, which lets us know the events happening in human life and in universe on time scale" in spite of the complete lack of evidence that astrology actually does allow for such accurate predictions. The decision was backed by a 2001 judgement of the Andhra Pradesh High Court, and some Indian universities offer advanced degrees in astrology. This was met with widespread protests from the scientific community in India and Indian scientists working abroad. A petition sent to the Supreme Court of India stated that the introduction of astrology to university curricula is "a giant leap backwards, undermining whatever scientific credibility the country has achieved so far".


title: Hindu astrology

text: The Rigvedic version of Jyotisha may be a later insertion into the Veda, states David Pingree, possibly between 513 and 326 BCE, when Indus valley was occupied by the Achaemenid from Mesopotamia. The mathematics and devices for time keeping mentioned in these ancient Sanskrit texts, proposes Pingree, such as the water clock may also have arrived in India from Mesopotamia. However, Yukio Ohashi considers this proposal as incorrect, suggesting instead that the Vedic timekeeping efforts, for forecasting appropriate time for rituals, must have begun much earlier and the influence may have flowed from India to Mesopotamia. Ohashi states that it is incorrect to assume that the number of civil days in a year equal 365 in both Hindu and Egyptian–Persian year. Further, adds Ohashi, the Mesopotamian formula is different from the Indian formula for calculating time, each can only work for their respective latitude, and either would make major errors in predicting time and calendar in the other region. According to Asko Parpola, the Jyotisha and luni-solar calendar discoveries in ancient India, and similar discoveries in China in "great likelihood result from convergent parallel development", and not from diffusion from Mesopotamia.


title: Rochester Airport (Kent)

text: In 1999 a group of aviators and local businessmen at Rochester formed a company dedicated to the preservation and promotion of the long tradition of aviation at Rochester Airport, its service to the local community and for its longer-term preservation. The historic site of Rochester Airport was saved from closure for the short term by the efforts of this group of local business people, in the face of pressure by the Labour controlled Local Council to re-zone the airport site as Industrial Development land. Rochester Airport plc, proposed to continue operation of the airport even though the timescale given for takeover was minuscule. They want to continue, as far as possible, the existing services provided for private, business and emergency aviation services and enhance them to bring increased economic benefit to Medway, its surrounding area, its businesses and its community. Significant voluntary work has contributed to the financial viability of Rochester Airport which has been operated on a care and maintenance basis in light of the difficulty in securing a proper lease. The airport now had a five-year lease, outside of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954, which expired in January 2009, and entered a crucial phase of negotiation with Medway Council.


title: Diorygma antillarum

text: The genus Herpothallon typically includes crustose-byssoid species with a heteromerous thallus and isidia-like structures. These structures, while superficially resembling true isidia, lack cortices and thus referred to as isidia-like. Herpothallon species are mostly sterile, with mature asci known from only a few taxa. Molecular data has shown that H. antillarum does not align closely with the type species of Herpothallon (H. rubrocinctum) in the family Arthoniaceae. Instead, H. antillarum is closely related to species within the genus Diorygma (Graphidaceae). The presence of a carbonised, fragile hypothallus in H. antillarum, a feature common in Diorygma species, along with its production of salazinic and norstictic acids, supports this reclassification. These chemical compounds are not typical for Herpothallon but are found in Diorygma. Further phylogenetic analyses confirmed that H. antillarum belongs to the Graphidaceae, specifically within the subfamily Graphidoideae. For these reasons, Matthew Nelsen, Lücking, and Eimy Rivas Plata transferred the taxon to Diorygma in 2012.


title: Whitinsville, Massachusetts

text: The decade of the 1990s was dedicated to expanding and modernizing the Whitin Community Center to prepare it for the 21st century. In 1993 new space was added to strengthen the center's commitment to child care and adult health and fitness. A new lobby, elevator, and racquetball courts completed this expansion phase, and most of the original 1922 building received a comprehensive face lift. In 1995, the center's three outdoor tennis courts were completely refurbished. Ground was broken in September 1996 for a new state-of-the-art competition-sized swimming pool. This new facility opened briefly as an outdoor pool and then was enclosed for year-round use, reopening in March 1999. A comprehensive project to restore the historic appearance of the Main Street facade was undertaken in 1998–99, funded by individuals, local companies, and the Massachusetts Historical Commission. Also in 1999, the center's parking facilities were expanded to accommodate the increased business. An ambitious plan to restore and beautify historic Whitin Park (the 7.5 acres behind the Whitin Community Center) was unveiled in early 2000. The nearly 1 mile of stone perimeter walls were rebuilt, repointed and recapped. New walking trails were surfaced, and beautiful park lights and bollards have been installed. In the location of an original Whitin estate building – the rustic teahouse – the Gerry Gaudette pavilion has been built. This open air shelter is used by the center's child care and summer camp program, along with use by the community at large.


title: Frank Everett

text: In Chehalis, Everett was engaged in the hardware business. He opened his own store, but sold it later to Deveresse & Maynard to be able to go to California, where he spent eighteen months. After his return, in 1889, Everett bought the store again, and with his partner, F. M. Power, established Everett & Power. Later, Everett bought his partner's share and paired up with Charles W. Maynard, renaming the firm Maynard & Everett. In 1900, Maynard ran for state treasurer, leaving Everett the sole owner. Lewis county treasurer A. C. St. John eventually bought Maynard's share, and after that it was called Frank Everett & Company. Despite the turnover in partners, Everett remained head of the firm until his retirement, and was credited for its success. By 1903, the store had become the largest in the county. The size of the main building was 60 ft × 100 ft (18 m × 30 m), and there was also an annex and storage building, sized 50 ft × 110 ft (15 m × 34 m). The firm provided large stocks of wagons, carriages, farm machinery, stoves, and some builders' hardware; it was also engaged in the plumbing business. Everett retired from the hardware business in 1909 to engage fully in furniture manufacture.


title: 480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing

text: The AAF squadrons flew their first mission on 19 March 1943 despite shortages of spare parts, equipment, and maintenance personnel. Ordinarily, three B-24s flew daily on operational missions, covering an area as far south as 30°N, as far north as Cape Finisterre, Spain, and as far west as a thousand nautical miles from Port Lyautey. Much of the time, the Liberators flew convoy coverage for ships sailing from or approaching the Straits of Gibraltar. Its antisubmarine activity reached a peak in July 1943 when enemy U-boats concentrated off the coast of Portugal to intercept convoys bound for the Mediterranean. The group destroyed and damaged several submarines during the month which aided in protecting supply lines to forces involved in the campaign for Sicily. At the time, the group was under the command of Colonel Jack Roberts and assigned to the Northwest African Coastal Air Force under the command of Air Vice-Marshal Hugh Lloyd, but they operated under the control of USN FAW-15 at Port Lyautey, French Morocco, now Kenitra, Morocco.


title: Entre el Mar y una Estrella

text: Thalía also commissioned a song for the album from her friend Marco Flores, who has written songs for the artist since she was part of Timbiriche in the 1980s. This led to Flores composing the album's opening track "Entre el Mar y una Estrella" along with Estefan. When Thalía first heard it, she recalled telling Flores: "'Marco, how bad you are, how bad you are! You're playing with my feelings, but I'm going to record it, I don't care' and I recorded it because I loved it". It is a pop ballad about lost love. Thalía described the song as "reminiscent of all human beings to feel that once they were in love in such a way, and suddenly their partner left, died or disappeared or ended" and further elaborated that it "reflects that nostalgia but with a beautiful, sweet and romantic rhythms, yet danceable". Thalía dedicated the song to her former lover Alfredo Díaz Ordaz who died of hepatitis C in 1993. The song was recorded at the Crescent Moon Studios in Miami. This was the second song that Thalía dedicated to Ordaz, after "Sangre" in 1992. Thalía would later re-record "Entre el Mar y una Estrella" as a banda track, which was included on her compilation album Thalía con banda: Grandes éxitos .


title: Entre el Mar y una Estrella

text: "Entre el Mar y una Estrella" was released as the album's lead single on 27 March 2000 by EMI Latin. It was later included on her compilation album, Greatest Hits . A remix version by Pablo Flores was featured on the compilation album Thalía's Hits Remixed . Thalía recorded a live version of the song as part of a medley on her live album Primera Fila . AllMusic's Jason Birchmeier described the song as "airy" and noted it as one of the two "slower songs that help relieve the intensity" along with "No Hay Que Llorar". An editor for Qvmagazine called it a "gentle ballad". Chuck Taylor of Billboard regarded the song as a "stylish romantic ballad that should spark interest in a long list of follow-up single prospects". In a positive review of the album, El Norte critic Deborah Davis referred the track as "honeyed nostalgia". On the website Caras, Alejandra Morón listed the song as one of the most iconic in Thalía's career in 2021. In a fan poll published by Billboard, "Entre el Mar y una Estrella" was selected as the best song to reach number one in 2000.


title: Operation Obviate

text: British reconnaissance aircraft located Tirpitz during the afternoon of 18 October. The first aircraft to arrive over the area was a de Havilland Mosquito from No. 540 Squadron RAF operating out of RAF Dyce in Scotland. The Mosquito's crew took photographs of the battleship from a high altitude, and returned to base despite damage by anti-aircraft guns. Shortly afterwards Implacable's Fairey Firefly aircraft reconnoitred the Tromsø area, taking several low-altitude photographs of Tirpitz off Håkøya; these aircraft were also fired on by the German anti-aircraft guns but none were damaged. During the evening of 18 October, Implacable's commander sought permission to attack Tirpitz the next day, but this was refused by the commander of the Home Fleet, Admiral Bruce Fraser, on the grounds that the carrier had sailed without any of the Supermarine Seafire aircraft needed to suppress the anti-aircraft guns. Fraser was also aware from the attacks on Tirpitz at Kaafjord that the carrier's two squadrons of Fairey Barracuda dive bombers would probably not be able to inflict significant damage, and that further raids by RAF heavy bombers were required.


title: Operation Obviate

text: The operational order for the attack on Tirpitz was issued by No. 5 Group on 24 October. It specified that the battleship was to be attacked by 36 Lancasters, Nos. 9 and 617 Squadrons each contributing 18. Another Lancaster from No. 463 Squadron RAAF's film unit would also take part but not carry any bombs. As the "Johnnie Walker" mines had failed during Operation Paravane, only Tallboy bombs were to be used, each bomber carrying one of the weapons. These 12,000-pound (5,400 kg) bombs were the largest in service with the RAF, and were capable of penetrating heavily armoured targets. The two squadrons were to remain at their home bases until it was judged that weather conditions over Tromsø were likely to be suitable. They would then be bombed up, and fly to RAF Kinloss, RAF Lossiemouth and RAF Milltown in northern Scotland. The operational order stated that the attack was required as "it appears likely that the Germans may attempt to get the battleship back to a base in Germany, where the necessary repairs and refit can be carried out".


title: Nuclear power phase-out

text: There have been many Swiss referendums on the topic of nuclear energy, beginning in 1979 with a citizens' initiative for nuclear safety, which was rejected. In 1984, there was a vote on an initiative "for a future without further nuclear power stations" with the result being a 55% to 45% vote against. On 23 September 1990, Switzerland had two more referendums about nuclear power. The initiative "stop the construction of nuclear power stations", which proposed a ten-year moratorium on the construction of new nuclear power plants, was passed with 54.5% to 45.5%. The initiative for a phase-out was rejected with by 53% to 47.1%. In 2000, there was a vote on a green tax for support of solar energy. It was rejected by 67% to 31%. On 18 May 2003, there were two referendums: "Electricity without Nuclear", asking for a decision on a nuclear power phase-out, and "Moratorium Plus", for an extension of the earlier-decided moratorium on the construction of new nuclear power plants. Both were turned down. The results were: Moratorium Plus: 41.6% Yes, 58.4% No; Electricity without Nuclear: 33.7% Yes, 66.3% No.


title: Nuclear power phase-out

text: In the Netherlands, in 1994, the Dutch parliament voted to phase out nuclear power generation after a discussion of nuclear waste management. The power station at Dodewaard was shut down in 1997. In 1997 the government decided to end Borssele's operating licence, at the end of 2003. In 2003 the shut-down was postponed by the government to 2013. In 2005 the decision was reversed and research in expanding nuclear power has been initiated. Reversal was preceded by the publication of the Christian Democratic Appeal's report on sustainable energy. Other coalition parties then conceded. In 2006 the government decided that Borssele will remain open until 2033, if it can comply with the highest safety standards. The owners, Essent and DELTA will invest 500 million euros in sustainable energy, together with the government, money which the government claims otherwise should have been paid to the plants owners as compensation. In December 2021, the Fourth Rutte cabinet stated that it wants to prepare for the construction of two new nuclear power plants to reduce CO2 emissions and meet the European Union goals for responding to climate change. Part of this preparation is the launch of a feasibility study, looking at the advantages and disadvantages of the use of nuclear power to respond to climate change.


title: Charles-Henri-Louis d'Arsac de Ternay

text: Although the French had not anticipated a British response until the next year, General Sir Jeffery Amherst was alerted to the French raid in July, and organized an expedition to recover Newfoundland. The British fleet arrived on 12 September, landing 1,500 troops the next day at Torbay. Two days later the French troops had retreated into Fort William after the Battle of Signal Hill. In a council, Ternay advocated abandoning the position, but was apparently outvoted, with the council opting to leave the ground forces and some marines, but also making provision for their eventual recovery by the fleet after it left the harbour. However, given a favourable wind and foggy conditions, Ternay decided to depart that night, and slipped away, leaving the ground forces to surrender three days later. Ternay's return to France was difficult: he was forced to run from British ships to the Spanish port of Corunna, and only reached Brest in January 1763. Although criticised by d'Haussonville for abandoning him, Ternay's actions met with approval, since he had managed to save his fleet.


title: CRDA 60 t motor torpedo boat

text: Of the 36 boats built, 14 survived the conflict. Only nine of these entered service in the newly formed Marina Militare, as six were given up to Allied countries following the 1947 Paris peace treaty: four went to the Soviet Union and two to France. Furthermore, since the treaty conditions forbade Italian ownership of motor torpedo boats, the nine remaining boats lost their torpedoes, were reclassified motovedette (patrol boats) and given new hull numbers—from MV 611 to MV 619. Such prohibitions expired in 1952, after Italy's 1949 NATO accession; the boats regained both torpedoes and MS classification. Finally in 1954 they were redesignated one last time, gaining hull numbers MS 471 to 475 and MS 481 to 484. The vessels were at the orders of the COMOS (Comando Siluranti) together with the more numerous ex-American PT boats. At this time the two surviving series 1 CRDAs were upgraded to series 2 specifications, gaining the rear 450 mm torpedo launchers. In 1956 a reconstruction plan was drawn up: seven of the remaining boats were to be transformed into flexible units able to serve as gunboat, torpedo boat or fast mine layer. As a result of budget constraints and plans for equivalent modern, all-metal boats, only four of the motosiluranti were converted by the Baglietto shipyards—MS 472, MS 473, MS 474 and MS 481, the others being decommissioned. Extensive changes were made to the superstructure and hull, including removal of the 533 mm torpedo installations; new radio equipment and a radar were installed. The armament included a Bofors 40 mm gun fore, a second Bofors aft, and twin 450 mm torpedo launchers or naval mines aft.


title: Pat Pieper

text: Pat Pieper had a small role in one of baseball history's weirdest plays. It took place during a game played on June 30, 1959, between the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs. Stan Musial was at the plate, with a count of 3–1. Bob Anderson's next pitch was errant, evading catcher Sammy Taylor and rolling all the way to the backstop. Umpire Vic Delmore called ball four, however Anderson and Taylor contended that Musial foul tipped the ball. Because the ball was still in play, and because Delmore was embroiled in an argument with the catcher and pitcher, Musial took it upon himself to try for second base. Seeing that Musial was trying for second, third baseman Alvin Dark ran to the backstop to retrieve the ball. The ball wound up in the hands of Pieper, but Dark ended up getting it back anyway. Absentmindedly, however, Delmore pulled out a new ball and gave it to Taylor. Anderson finally noticed that Musial was trying for second, took the new ball, and threw it to second baseman Taylor. Anderson's throw flew over Tony Taylor's head into the outfield. Dark, at the same time that Anderson threw the new ball, threw the original ball to shortstop Ernie Banks. Musial, though, did not see Dark's throw and only noticed Anderson's ball fly over the second baseman's head, so he tried to go to third base. On his way there, he was tagged by Banks, and after a delay he was ruled out.


title: Midway Airlines (1993–2003)

text: Midway Airlines was formed out of Jet Express, a commuter air carrier that operated code sharing feeder services for Trans World Airlines and USAir during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Midway initially began in November 1993 with Chicago Midway-New York LaGuardia service with two Fokker 100s. This service grew to establish a small hub at Chicago Midway International Airport by adding flights to Philadelphia, Boston, Allentown, Washington D.C., Orlando, Tampa, Dallas/Ft. Worth and Denver. A feeder operation was set up with Direct Air dba Midway Connection to serve many smaller regional cities from Chicago Midway Airport. Due to competition and limited gate space, Midway Airlines moved to Durham, North Carolina, and set up a hub at Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU) in early 1995. (Midway eventually moved its headquarters to Morrisville, North Carolina.) Midway's arrival at RDU coincided with the closure of an American Airlines hub, as they focused their assets in MIA after taking over the former Eastern Airlines hub. For several years Midway partnered with American Airlines and offered American Airlines AAdvantage miles in the RDU market. American Airlines also worked Midway's Revenue Management behind the scenes. The two airlines severed relations in 2000 and Midway introduced its own frequent flyer program and Revenue Management was brought in house.


title: Midway Airlines (1993–2003)

text: Following $12.5M in financial infusion from the US federal government, Midway resumed service using their fleet of 12 Boeing 737-700 aircraft from RDU under its own livery on December 19, 2001. It continued this service until US Airways offered to have Midway fly regional jets as US Airways Express. On July 17, 2002, Midway once again abruptly discontinued service and disposed of its fleet of 737s and again laid off all employees. They remained closed until February 2003. At that time, they commenced operations as US Airways Express, with limited service offered from hubs in both RDU and Washington Reagan National Airport (DCA). They operated with six regional CRJ-100s serving East Coast cities and some Midwest destinations. It finally ceased operations on October 30, 2003, through a Chapter 7 bankruptcy when it was unable to acquire enough capital to stay afloat despite a private equity firm's infusions during the course of Midway's history. The same private equity firm Wexford Capital eventually became involved with Republic Airways Holdings after disposing of its interests in Midway Airlines along with National Airlines after the 9/11 terrorist attack which affected the airline industry so drastically.


title: Joseph Langford

text: Mother Theresa had already formed the Missionaries of Charity Brothers in 1963. However, she had long expressed a desire for priests to be affiliated with her congregation. In 1972 in Rome, after Joseph Langford read Malcolm Muggeridge's book Something Beautiful for God, he felt called to unite with Mother Teresa. At first he volunteered with her sisters in Rome, serving at a homeless shelter near the Colosseum, and he met her multiple times at that location as he proceeded toward ordination, because it was her usual stop-off between Calcutta and other world destinations. He said in interviews that he originally desired to join the brothers, but couldn't because he also knew he was called to be a priest. That's how he came up with the idea for an affiliated congregation, which they began in the summer of 1983 as the Corpus Christi Movement, which became the Missionaries of Charity Fathers in 1983. They went together to the Vatican and the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith to seek permission for the initial group, which was granted by Archbishop Jerome Hamer. They set up the first house in the South Bronx, where he wrote the congregation's constitutions. In 1996 they moved the congregation to Tijuana, Mexico, which had similar challenges with poverty as Calcutta, India.


title: Taylor–Heaslop Building

text: In addition, from 1887 a horse-drawn tram service linked South Brisbane to Mount Gravatt via Logan Road and the Woolloongabba Fiveways, and from 1 November 1889 the newly opened Cleveland Railway terminated at Woolloongabba. From here passengers continuing on to North and South Brisbane transferred to horse trams. These improvements to passenger and goods transportation stimulated commercial development at the Woolloongabba Fiveways. In January 1886, title to a small, triangular parcel of land between Logan Road and Stanley Street East, at the Fiveways Corner (subs 1 & 2 of section 1 of suburban portion 165, containing 30 perches) was transferred to South Brisbane chemist and dentist Thomas Watson Thomason. Within a few months, Thomason had subdivided this land into eight smaller commercial re-subdivisions, each with a frontage to both Logan Road and Stanley Street East. At the Fiveways Corner, Thomason established The Five Ways Pharmacy in a two-storeyed timber building. The other seven re-subdivisions were sold by the end of 1886.


title: Taylor–Heaslop Building

text: In terms of height and street presence, the only building to rival Mrs Heaslop's building at the Woolloongabba Fiveways was the Broadway Theatre, a three-storey high brick picture theatre fronting Ipswich Road, just past the intersection with Logan Road, erected in 1923 but destroyed by fire in June 1962. JR Blane, grocer & hardware merchant, occupied 14 Logan Road until c. 1928, and Johns & Co., Drapers, occupied 10-12 Logan Road until c. 1930. Ernest Reid acquired John's drapery business about this time, and also expanded into 14 Logan Road (the southeast shop, formerly Blane's), occupying all three of Mrs Heaslop's shops until c. 1932. In the midst of the depression of the early 1930s, Mrs Heaslop found it difficult to attract tenants for the Woolloongabba premises following Reid's departure. The shops remained vacant until c. 1936, when the Moreton Rubber Works, motor tyre retailers who had premises further south along Logan Road, occupied 14 Logan Road as their offices. In the late 1930s, 10–12 Logan Road was occupied by estate agents Five Ways Real Estate & Auctioneers. Mrs Heaslop died in 1944, and the building passed out of her estate in 1950, when 14 Logan Road was acquired by Frederick Pratt and 10–12 Logan Road was transferred to Mrs Ruby Richards, then to Andrew Lowreys in 1951. In 1953, Pratt also acquired title to 10–12 Logan Road, and the property remained in his estate until 1989.


title: Rage (TV program)

text: Rage was given an idiosyncratic and alternative flavour by music programmers and producers Stephanie Lewis and Narelle Gee . Prior to 1989, Rage frequently dedicated large chunks of airtime to individual artists and musical styles, often playing an artist's entire catalogue of videos. In 1989, Saturday night specials were introduced, with Rage showing every video from a nominated artist each Saturday night in chronological order. The first artist featured was Madonna, on 6 May 1989. Other early specials included Midnight Oil, The Cult, The The, Public Image Ltd., Tears for Fears, Scrap Metal, Mental As Anything, Crowded House, Paul Kelly, The Beatles, Hoodoo Gurus, Eurythmics, INXS and Split Enz, plus heavy metal and country music specials. Guest programmers, who choose the videos aired for an episode, were introduced in January 1990 (Mark Fitzgerald and then-programmer Stephanie Lewis came up with the idea along with musician Damien Lovelock), with ABC presenter Andrew Denton being the first guest programmer. With Saturday nights being dedicated to specials and guest programmers, Friday nights became increasingly devoted to new releases. Friday night Rage has been almost exclusively dedicated to current releases since 1995, featuring a range of music genres. The only time a host is seen on Rage speaking to the camera is when guest programmers appear on the Saturday night edition. Otherwise, the videos are run end-to-end with the occasional quick branding clip or the Rage logo accompanied by a voice that simply says "Rage!" to break them up. A "crawl" is also used at times during the program, with details of upcoming Specials and Guest Programmers printed in text at the bottom of the screen during a short snippet of a selected clip. The titling on the videos is also very simple, with the artist and song name displayed briefly after the Rage logo near the beginning of each video (originally only the artist was identified). Historically, no other graphics, logos or watermarks appear over the clip as it played, but as of 25 June 2010, Kath Earle, Executive Producer with ABC Arts & Entertainment, stated that the Director of Television and Head of Marketing have decided to watermark Rage to "maintain consistency across the network" as all other programs are watermarked. A promo segment is also used at times during the program on Fridays late and Saturdays, with previews of upcoming Guest Programmers and a selected music clips during the promo segment.


title: Rage (TV program)

text: Prior to 2006, from around 5:00am or 6:00am to 9:00am on Saturday mornings and 4 am to the end of show on Sundays, Rage would switch to the weekly Top Fifty from the ARIA singles chart. Rage aired the Top 60 chart from 1 September 1990 to 9 March 1991, and from 8 June 1991 to 6 March 1994. If a video from the Top Fifty was unavailable, unsuitable or non-existent, it would be replaced by a splash screen of the Rage logo with the position attained in the charts for the week, the artist's name and the track's title. Also, the videos shown until 6:00am were uncensored (after this, the rating was set back to G-rated material). However, some clips were unavailable in that form, particularly due to heavier restrictions on clips which originated in the United States. Sometimes, two different video clips for the same song were shown in the one session. When this happens, it was often a live (or sometimes remixed) version that was shown earlier in the night/morning, while the "mainstream" censored version shown after 6:00am was shown in the Top Fifty due to classification laws in Australia which prevented adult-oriented material being shown in the after-6:00am time-slot. Since 2005, Rage is classified PG when it carries over after 6:00am.


title: No Trespassing (1975 film)

text: The film opens just before King Michael's Coup of August 1944, at the Reserve Infantry NCOs School of Radna. Students are regularly harassed and abused by the German officers present, in particularly the SS officer Reinhardt (Motoi). When the coup occurs, the students turn against the Germans and arrest most of them, with Reinhardt fleeing in the night. As the nearby town of Păuliș celebrates, Axis planes bomb the village, prompting many of the villagers to plan to leave. The students receive word that the Hungarians, with German support (including Reinhardt, who alerts them about the weakness of the cadets), are launching an invasion force. The school is given the order to delay the approaching enemy, or die in the attempt. During these events, the film follows the stories of a handful of characters: Andrei (Rădescu), who finds himself in conflict with his peers; Colonel Maxineanu (Stănculescu), the school commander; and Adrian (Mavrodineanu), a young villager who is inspired by the bravery of the cadets.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia

text: On November 11 the State Emergency Committee (SEC) and Ministry of Health announced the first verified case of community transmission in Mongolia. Patient zero was a 29-year-old cross-border truck driver (named Citizen D) who had been released from isolation on Nov 06. Citizen D had been isolated at the Enkhsaran Health Resort for 21 days upon arriving from Russia. The additional 14-day home isolation requirement had been cancelled a few months prior. Thus he was released into the general population in Ulaanbaatar and proceeded to his home in the north-eastern suburbs of the city. The SEC made public his reconstructed movements within the city. He had taken public transportation a number of times, mostly in the far western part of Ulaanbaatar (UB), visited an auto repair shop in the western part of UB, entered company premises to inspect a truck in the far eastern part of UB and watched a music concert called Kharkhan Nuden (Beautiful Black Eyes) at UB Palace Concert Hall in the western part of the city on Nov 08 with his wife. They sat at the very back row in a hall filled with hundreds of people. His wife worked as a fuel dispenser but had taken a week's leave. She had entered Duukhee Store in the western part of UB and used the Gandan Monastery bus stop before the concert. Both husband and wife were tested at the National Center of Communicable Diseases (NCCD) on Nov 10 as part of a routine test and found to be positive. On Nov 11 Citizen D's elderly mother-in-law and younger brother, a college student at MUBIS University in the city center, were found to be positive. On Nov 12 two college students of MUBIS University were found positive, bringing the total number of community transmissions in UB to 6, inclusive of Citizen D. It was widely reported that quarantine protocols were breached at the Enkhsaran Health Resort, with a new arrival from Russia (subsequently tested positive) entering the same room as Citizen D when he was just a day or two away from being discharged. Citizen D was tested three separate times during quarantine and there was a window of vulnerability right before being discharged. On Nov 12 the Ministry of Health confirmed that Enkhsaran Health Resort was the prime suspect of causing the community transmission. On Nov 12 a separate suspected case of community transmission, independent of Citizen D, was identified in Selenge Province in northern Mongolia bordering Russia. The case is a 74-year-old woman who tested positive two times and is being treated as a separate cluster.


title: Gagata

text: Gagata species are distributed in the Indus drainage in Pakistan and India, east and south (including peninsular India) to the Tenasserim drainages in Burma. G. cenia originates from the Indus, Mahanadi, Ganges, and Brahmaputra drainages in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Burma and possibly Nepal; it is also reported from the Irrawaddy drainage and Salween drainage. G. dolichonema inhabits the upper Salween River basin in China and the Irrawaddy, Salween, and Tenasserim River basins in Burma. G. gagata is from the Ganges drainage in India and Bangladesh and is reported from the Brahmaputra and Irrawaddy drainages. G. itchkeea is known from the Narmada, Krishna, and Cauvery drainages in peninsular India, though its presence in the Cauvery needs to be confirmed. G. melanoptera is distributed in the Irrawaddy, Rangoon, Sittang, and lower Salween drainages in Burma. G. pakistanica is from the Indus drainage in Pakistan. G. sexualis originates from the Ganges and Brahmaputra drainages in India, Bangladesh and Nepal.


title: British Rail Class 777

text: To accommodate the new Class 777 fleet, extensive infrastructure changes were necessitated. These adaptations were performed under a rolling programme between October 2018 and May 2019; changes included adjustments to 97 platforms at 56 stations across the Merseyrail network, along with track realignments and other refinements, primarily for the purpose of improving passenger accessibility. Another cause for the alterations was the increased length of the new units, which was addressed via a mixture of platform lengthening and signal repositioning where required. The programme was structured as to minimise disruption to Merseyrail's scheduled services wherever possible. A new trackside Wi-Fi network, provided by Panasonic, was installed to provide continuous real-time connectivity between all trains and the Sandhills control centre, along with free internet access for passengers. New bulk power supplies were installed, along with eight new substations and miscellaneous cable upgrades, to provide greater quantities of electricity.


title: British Rail Class 777

text: Each Class 777 unit has two longer driving trailer vehicles positioned at each end, with one set of twin doors on either side, whilst the two intermediate motor cars have two sets of doors. For accessibility purposes, all doorways have been outfitted with sliding steps that move into position when the train is stopped at a platform, enabling passengers using wheelchairs to board and disembark without relying upon a separately deployed ramp. The carriages will feature an open gangway design, the first class of train on the Merseyrail network to feature this design. The passenger facilities are much improved over legacy stock, each carriage being fitted with modern amenities such as electrical and USB sockets, as well as bike racks. Like the previous Class 507 and 508 fleets, the Class 777s will not be fitted with toilets. As part of the bespoke design, an LED letter 'M' has been sandwiched between the headlight clusters, illuminating yellow on the front of the train, and red on the rear.


title: Albertosaurinae

text: The close similarities between Gorgosaurus libratus and Albertosaurus sarcophagus have led many experts to combine them into one genus over the years. Albertosaurus was named first, so by convention it is given priority over the name Gorgosaurus, which is sometimes considered its junior synonym. William Diller Matthew and Barnum Brown doubted the distinction of the two genera as early as 1922. Gorgosaurus libratus was formally reassigned to Albertosaurus (as Albertosaurus libratus) by Dale Russell in 1970, with many subsequent authors following his lead. Combining the two greatly expands the geographical and chronological range of the genus Albertosaurus. Other experts maintain the two genera as separate. Canadian paleontologist Phil Currie claims there are as many anatomical differences between Albertosaurus and Gorgosaurus as there are between Daspletosaurus and Tyrannosaurus, which are almost always kept separate. He also notes that undescribed tyrannosaurids discovered in Alaska, New Mexico, and elsewhere in North America may help clarify the situation. Gregory S. Paul has suggested that Gorgosaurus libratus is ancestral to Albertosaurus sarcophagus.


title: Albertosaurinae

text: In the middle stages of the Dinosaur Park Formation, Gorgosaurus lived alongside a rarer species of tyrannosaurine, Daspletosaurus. This is one of the few examples of two tyrannosaurid genera coexisting. Similar-sized predators in modern predator guilds are separated into different ecological niches by anatomical, behavioral, or geographical differences that limit competition. Niche differentiation between the Dinosaur Park tyrannosaurids is not well understood. In 1970, Dale Russell hypothesized the more common Gorgosaurus actively hunted fleet-footed hadrosaurs, while the rarer and more troublesome ceratopsians and ankylosaurians (horned and heavily armoured dinosaurs) were left to the more heavy built Daspletosaurus. However, a specimen of Daspletosaurus (OTM 200) from the contemporaneous Two Medicine Formation of Montana preserves the digested remains of a juvenile hadrosaur in its gut region, with another bonebed containing the remains of three Daspletosaurus alongside the remains of at least five hadrosaurs.


title: Albertosaurinae

text: Most known Albertosaurus individuals were aged 14 years or more at the time of death. However, the youngest individual known is a juvenile two-year-old and the oldest is an adult 28-year-old. The two-year-old was discovered in the Dry Island bonebed, weighed an estimated 50 kg (110 lb), and was about 2 m (6.6 ft) in length. The 28-year-old specimen from the same quarry measured 10 m (33 ft) long. Juvenile animals are rarely found as fossils for several reasons, mainly preservation bias, where the smaller bones of younger animals were less likely to be preserved by fossilization than the larger bones of adults, and collection bias, where smaller fossils are less likely to be noticed by collectors in the field. Young Albertosaurus are relatively large for juvenile animals, but their remains are still rare in the fossil record compared with adults. It has been suggested that this phenomenon is a consequence of life history, rather than bias, and that fossils of juvenile Albertosaurus are rare because they simply did not die as often as adults did.


title: Albertosaurinae

text: A hypothesis of Albertosaurus life history postulates that hatchlings died in large numbers, but have not been preserved in the fossil record due to their small size and fragile construction. After just two years, juveniles were larger than any other predator in the region aside from adult Albertosaurus and more fleet of foot than most of their prey animals. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in their mortality rate and a corresponding rarity of fossil remains. Mortality rates doubled at age twelve, perhaps the result of the physiological demands of the rapid growth phase, and then doubled again with the onset of sexual maturity between the ages of fourteen and sixteen. This elevated mortality rate continued throughout adulthood, perhaps due to the high physiological demands of procreation, including stress and injuries received during intraspecific competition for mates and resources, and eventually, the ever-increasing effects of senescence. The higher mortality rate in adults may explain their more common preservation. Very large animals were rare because few individuals survived long enough to attain such sizes. High infant mortality rates, followed by reduced mortality among juveniles and a sudden increase in mortality after sexual maturity, with very few animals reaching maximum size, is a pattern observed in many modern large mammals, including elephants, African buffalo, and rhinoceros. The same pattern is also seen in other tyrannosaurids. The comparison with modern animals and other tyrannosaurids lends support to this life history hypothesis, but bias in the fossil record may still play a large role, especially since more than two-thirds of all Albertosaurus specimens are known from one locality. Albertosaurus and Gorgosaurus individuals both grow the most rapidly during a four-year period until they are approximately 16.


title: Albertosaurinae

text: There is plentiful evidence for gregarious behaviour among herbivorous dinosaurs, including ceratopsians and hadrosaurs. However, only rarely are so many dinosaurian predators found at the same site. Small theropods like Deinonychus, Coelophysis, and Megapnosaurus (Syntarsus rhodesiensis) have been found in aggregations, as have larger predators like Allosaurus and Mapusaurus. There is some evidence of gregarious behaviour in other tyrannosaurids as well. Fragmentary remains of smaller individuals were found alongside "Sue," the Tyrannosaurus mounted in the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, and a bonebed in the Two Medicine Formation of Montana contains at least three specimens of Daspletosaurus preserved alongside several hadrosaurs. These findings may corroborate the evidence for social behaviour in Albertosaurus, although some or all of the above localities may represent temporary or unnatural aggregations. Others have speculated that, instead of social groups, at least some of these finds represent Komodo dragon-like mobbing of carcasses, where aggressive competition leads to some of the predators being killed and cannibalized. Even though Albertosaurus are commonly found in packs, there is no evidence of group behavior in the close relative Gorgosaurus.


title: Olivia Elder

text: Elder was hopeful that her work would be published, so she made careful copies of her poems in a notebook. She wrote in a range of forms including elegies, odes, epistles and even songs. One of her poems, a vicious satire of Robert Heyland, the Church of Ireland rector of Coleraine, was published anonymously in the Freeman's Journal . She sought the acquaintance of the English poet, Anna Laetitia Barbauld, in 1774 as they shared a liberal dissenting background. Perhaps due to her upbringing in a robustly egalitarian rural community, Elder did not care much for urban proprieties of diction or social politeness, unlike poets like Barbauld. A number of her poems relay enmities and misunderstandings. At times she is thoughtlessly rude, but in other rather insulting, provoking shock in her readers even to this day. She accuses local gentry, ministers, and clergymen of moral shortcomings and having many vices. She was familiar with the Scots language and seems to have known some of its earlier literature. In general, Elder seems to have a low opinion of men, having been "cruelly deceiv'd" in love. With the exception of her father, she viewed all men as untrustworthy deceivers and seducers, whereas she wrote of most women as hard-working and honourable.


title: La Camargo (opera)

text: Among the audience for the ballet is a young provincial, Saturnin. He has become infatuated with La Camargo, and attempts to make his way on the stage after the performance, to make the acquaintance of the great dancer. He reaches the green room, and in a farcical scene is pursued by his uncle, Péruchot, and his fiancée, Colombe, who find him hiding among the ladies of the ballet, and drag him away. Camargo, going to her room to dress, discovers the loss of the necklace. Pontcalé, furious that a robbery has been committed under his supposedly keen eye, orders that the doors be locked and a search instituted immediately. Mandrin, with the necklace in his possession, is in great danger, but Juana, in pity, takes it from him and conceals it in her bosom. The search results in nothing but the discovery of the broken window pane, and the conclusion that the robbery is the work of the terrible but unrecognised Mandrin, on whom war is declared by all present in a lively concerted piece and chorus.


title: La Camargo (opera)

text: Les Annales du théâtre et de la musique considered the piece a mediocre opera beautifully staged, the music "a deluge of couplets". The Era found the libretto not very interesting but full of animation and, on the whole, amusing. The same critic rated Lecocq's music as less elegant than that of Le petit duc, but lively and melodious throughout. He predicted, wrongly, a long run for the opera. The Athenaeum thought a libretto about "the Dick Turpin of France" unlikely to appeal to the Parisian public but speculated that the piece might be saved by Lecocq's score, worthy of the best of his earlier successes. When the work was given in Boulogne a local critic found it "a great deal too long and not exceedingly original". The New York Times thought the music "pretty and easy, too easy in fact, showing that the composer has been careless in revision and has simply jotted down his inspirations as they came to him". Nonetheless, the critic judged the work at least as good as anything on offer at the prestigious Opéra-Comique.


title: Dr. Anand

text: Dr. Anand is highly esteemed and lives with his wife, Madhavi & two kids. Tragically, Madhavi has cancer, but Anand, with no courage, treats her and is occupied with the hospital. Hence, Madhavi insists on re-nuptial, which he denies. Once, he walks to the dance consort of famous Vijaya when an accident victimizes her to a leg fracture, and Anand admits her. She gets emotionally imbalanced and suffers from panic attacks when Anand boosts her willpower and gives moral support, and the two are fascinated. As a result, rumors spread when Anand drives Vijaya away but cannot abscond from her memories as passionately. Hence, Anand proceeds, amid, he lifts to a heart patient, his doppelganger, who dies. Exploiting it, Anand swaps with him and declares his death. After that, he approaches Vijaya, and they have a delightful conversation; his game breaks out when Vijaya loathes him, and he quits. Deactivated, Anand meets with an accident that damages his face. After recovery, he is aware of the inauguration of his statue at the hospital as a tribute hospital and lands therein. However, all fail to detect him. Following, he visits his house, where Madhavi's health is deteriorating. Thus, introduced as his friend, he starts medicating Madhavi and nurturing the infants. As of now, Anand, accused of a homicide of his own, has been apprehended and convicted in court. At last, Vijaya arrives and proves his actuality. Finally, the movie ends with Vijaya uniting Anand with his family and dedicating her life to an orphanage in Anand's name.


title: (I Like) The Way You Love Me

text: The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly called it a "sweet-toned swoon". Joe Vogel of The Huffington Post stated that the song was a "great new production by Neff-U", and "the new version retains all of the charm of the original while injecting some fresh elements, including new piano, bass, strings, and vocal effects." Jason Lipshutz, Gail Mitchell and Gary Graff from Billboard thought the song is "the simple sketch eventually led to this blissful love song with its layered vocals and gentle percussion". Michael Roffman of Consequence of Sound praised the track's "incredibly rich instrumentation" and called it "probably the greatest highlight of the album" and "one that felt the most natural, too". Kitty Empire in The Observer said this song was "a breezy bit of froth on which Jackson sounds genuinely carefree". Joe Pareles of The New York Times noted that the new instrumentation compared to the 2004 mix made the "creamy vocal harmonies even more reminiscent of the Beach Boys". Pareles also questioned whether the ending vocals of the song were digitally altered from the original chorus but stated that he preferred the new version, describing it as more "transparent and uncluttered, a little more lighthearted".


title: List of Bangladesh Twenty20 International cricket records

text: A Twenty20 International (T20I) is a form of cricket, played between two of the international members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), in which each team faces a maximum of twenty overs. The matches have top-class status and are the highest T20 standard. The game is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket. The first Twenty20 International match between two men's sides was played on 17 February 2005, involving Australia and New Zealand. Wisden Cricketers' Almanack reported that "neither side took the game especially seriously", and it was noted by ESPNcricinfo that but for a large score for Ricky Ponting, "the concept would have shuddered". However, Ponting himself said "if it does become an international game then I'm sure the novelty won't be there all the time". This is a list of Bangladesh Cricket team's Twenty20 International records. It is based on the List of Twenty20 International records, but concentrates solely on records dealing with the Bangladeshi cricket team. Bangladesh played the first ever T20I in 2006.


title: Tunnel Vision (Pop Smoke song)

text: Producer Carson Hackney sent a sample of the song to fellow producer Nagra. He added flute, mixed the song, and did some structuring to the sample. The producer then sent it to 808Melo. The original melody of the song, created by Hackney, is called "Wild West" and had a Western concert flute over it. 808Melo played the song's beat for Pop Smoke when they were recording in the Bahamas; the track had 808Melo's signature sounds on it. Pop Smoke found it challenging to record the song because of the melody and when 808Melo played the song, Pop Smoke said: "Um, I like it, but I don't know." 808Melo was going to scrap the beat, until Pop Smoke wanted to record the song. Nagra called Hackney and explained he had heard a snippet of the song and immediately knew that it started with his original melody. At the end of the phone call, he told Hackey that the song was going to end up on the album. The song was written by Pop Smoke, known as Bashar Jackson, alongside 808Melo, who has the real name of Andre Loblack, Jugraj Nagra, and Carson Hackney. It was produced by the latter three.


title: Church of the Redeemer, Sacrow

text: In 1694, a half-timbered church was erected at the same location, above the arches of the previous building's crypt. Johann Andres Moritz, Pastor of Fahrland from 1774 to 1794, in his diary gave a detailed description of life in the village and of the changing owners of the manor house built in 1774. The writer Theodor Fontane integrated parts of these records into his travelogue Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg (Hikes through the Mark Brandenburg). As quoted by Fontane, Father Moritz in 1790 expressed his aversion to caring for the remote parish: "Meine Pfarre ist eine beschwerliche Pfarre. Sakrow (nur Filial) liegt eine Meile ab...es ist in allem betrachtet ein verdrießlich Filial, und doch muß ich es alle 14 Tage bereisen. Gott! Du weißt es, wie ich dann...bis Abend fahren und reden muß, wie sauer es mir jetzt wird...." ("My parish is an exhausting parish. Sakrow (only a subsidiary) lies a league away... over all, it has to be regarded an irksome subsidiary, and nevertheless I must travel there every fortnight. God! You know it, how I then...must travel until evening and speak, how disgusted it makes me now ....") After Father Moritz had died, in 1794 Sacrow was transferred to the parish of St. Nicholas' Church, Potsdam. After 1808 it was returned to Fahrland.


title: Church of the Redeemer, Sacrow

text: Out of reach of its parish, the church deteriorated year by year. By the end of the 1970s, it became obvious from the West Berlin side of the Havel that the building was in substantial danger. The tin surface of the roof had become fragmented. Some edges of the nave were settled by plants. Some people in West Berlin started a campaign to stop the decay of the church. A great deal of the merit for the preservation of the building is due to Richard von Weizsäcker, at that time Mayor of West Berlin. By protracted negotiations with the responsible Protestant church body, the Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg and the authorities of the GDR and through the promise of sharing the costs, he won the agreement of the East German section of Berlin-Brandenburg's Protestant church to organize the restoration of the exterior of the building. At the beginning of the works in 1984, the sculptures of the Twelve Apostles were saved and stored. Other wooden furnishings, such as the twelve corbels and the gallery, still in evidence in pictures taken in 1981, were lost.


title: No Way Out (novel)

text: No Way Out scandalized critics of the radical left who discovered that for most of the characters real life prototypes could be found, and its central figure, Beloyartsev, was obviously a caricature of author and social activist Vasily Sleptsov. All this seemed to confirm the view, now rooted in the Russian literary community, that Leskov was a right-wing, 'reactionary' author. In April Dmitry Pisarev wrote in his "The Walk In the Russian Literature Garden" review: "Can there be found anywhere in Russia any other magazine, except for The Russian Messenger, that would venture on publishing anything written by and signed as, Stebnitsky? Could there be found one single honest writer in Russia who'd be so careless, so indifferent as to his reputation, so as to contribute to a magazine that adorns itself with novels and novelets by Stebnitsky?" The social democrat-controlled press started spreading rumours that No Way Out had been 'commissioned' by the Interior Ministry's 3rd Department. What Leskov condemned as "a vicious libel" caused great harm to his career: popular journals boycotted him, while Mikhail Katkov of the conservative The Russian Messenger greeted him as a political ally.


title: No Way Out (novel)

text: The No Way Out novel is my second prosaic work, preceded only by Musk-ox. The novel was being written hastily and was going to print literally from scraps of manuscripts, some scribbled by pencil, in the printing-works. Its success was solid. The first edition has been sold out in just three months and the final copies of it were being sold at 8-10 rubles a piece. So it's No Way Out that is to be blamed for my modest fame and the abyss of most aggravating insults I had to endure. My opponents were alleging and are still prepared to repeat it that the novel had been commissioned by the 3rd Department (see my Paris letters on this matter). The truth is, none of my book had been ever throttled by censors with such zeal frenzy as this one. After the part 1 has been released Turunov appointed Vesealgo to check censor Deroberti. Then he ordered the proof-read lists to be taken to him by Veselago and was himself carving whole chapters out of it... I mas on the verge of madness and was cursing the day when I decided to start this cursed thing...


title: No Way Out (novel)

text: In the early 20th century the attitude in Russia towards this novel started to change. Maxim Gorky wrote: "In No Way Out almost every characters is ridiculous or evil, most are ignorant of reality, garrulous, self-important types, who indeed have nowhere to go. But what was more important to Leskov was to show among this pathetic, dishonest mob real heroes whom he could sympathise, like that of Rainer. Rainer calls himself a Socialist, bravely promotes Socialism in Russia and dies as a hero in the Polish uprising in 1863. Leskov surrounded Rainer with a halo of gallantry and saintliness." Leskov himself wrote later: "For all the gallery of vile nihilists I've created there were heroes like Rainer, Liza and Pomada – kind of characters none of the nihilist sympathizer author would be able to come up with." D.S. Mirsky too expressed bewilderment at how Leskov, after his first novel No Way Out, could have been seriously regarded as 'vile and libelous reactionary', when in reality (according to the critic) "the principal Socialist characters in the book were represented as little short of saints."