title: Anschluss

text: That afternoon, Hitler, riding in a car, crossed the border at his birthplace, Braunau am Inn, with a 4,000 man bodyguard. In the evening, he arrived at Linz and was given an enthusiastic welcome. The enthusiasm displayed toward Hitler and the Germans surprised both Nazis and non-Nazis, as most people had believed that a majority of Austrians opposed Anschluss. Many Germans from both Austria and Germany welcomed the Anschluss as they saw it as completing the complex and long overdue unification of all Germans into one state. Hitler had originally intended to leave Austria as a satellite state with Seyss-Inquart as head of a pro-Nazi government. However, the overwhelming reception caused him to change course and absorb Austria directly into the Reich. On 13 March Seyss-Inquart announced the abrogation of Article 88 of the Treaty of Saint-Germain, which prohibited the unification of Austria and Germany, and approved the replacement of the Austrian states with Reichsgaue. The seizure of Austria demonstrated once again Hitler's aggressive territorial ambitions, and, once again, the failure of the British and the French to take action against him for violating the Versailles Treaty. Their lack of will emboldened him toward further aggression.


title: Anschluss

text: Hitler's journey through Austria became a triumphal tour that climaxed in Vienna on 15 March 1938, when around 200,000 cheering German Austrians gathered around the Heldenplatz (Square of Heroes) to hear Hitler say that "The oldest eastern province of the German people shall be, from this point on, the newest bastion of the German Reich" followed by his "greatest accomplishment" (completing the annexing of Austria to form a Greater German Reich) by saying "As leader and chancellor of the German nation and Reich I announce to German history now the entry of my homeland into the German Reich." Hitler later commented: "Certain foreign newspapers have said that we fell on Austria with brutal methods. I can only say: even in death they cannot stop lying. I have in the course of my political struggle won much love from my people, but when I crossed the former frontier (into Austria) there met me such a stream of love as I have never experienced. Not as tyrants have we come, but as liberators."


title: Anschluss

text: Hitler's forces suppressed all opposition. Before the first German soldier crossed the border, Heinrich Himmler and a few Schutzstaffel (SS) officers landed in Vienna to arrest prominent representatives of the First Republic, such as Richard Schmitz, Leopold Figl, Friedrich Hillegeist, and Franz Olah. During the few weeks between the Anschluss and the plebiscite, authorities rounded up Social Democrats, Communists, other potential political dissenters, and Austrian Jews, and imprisoned them or sent them to concentration camps. Within a few days of 12 March, 70,000 people had been arrested. The disused northwest railway station in Vienna was converted into a makeshift concentration camp. American historian Evan Burr Bukey warned that the plebiscite result needs to be taken with "great caution". The plebiscite was subject to large-scale Nazi propaganda and to the abrogation of the voting rights of around 360,000 people (8% of the eligible voting population), mainly political enemies such as former members of left-wing parties and Austrian citizens of Jewish or Romani origin.


title: Anschluss

text: The Austrians' support for the Anschluss was ambivalent; but, since the Social Democratic Party of Austria leader Karl Renner and the highest representative of the Roman Catholic church in Austria Cardinal Theodor Innitzer both endorsed the Anschluss, approximately two-thirds of Austrians could be counted on to vote for it. What the result of the plebiscite meant for the Austrians will always be a matter of speculation. Nevertheless, historians generally agree that it cannot be explained exclusively by simply either opportunism or the desire of socioeconomics and represented the genuine German nationalist feeling in Austria during the interwar period. Also, the general anti-Semitic consensus in Austria meant that a substantial amount of Austrians were more than ready to "fulfill their duty" in the "Greater German Reich". However, British historian Donny Gluckstein notes that Austrian socialists reacted with "disgust" to Renner's endorsement of Anschluss, provoking a split in the SPÖ. Austrian left circles vehemently opposed Anschluss, and Renner's declaration prompted many to defect to Revolutionary Socialists under Otto Bauer or the KPÖ. The relevance of Innitzer's endorsement is also disputed—he was reportedly "despised" by Austrian workers, and the Anschluss sparked Catholic protests in Austria under the slogan "Our Führer is Christ" (rather than Hitler).


title: Anschluss

text: The campaign against the Jews began immediately after the Anschluss. They were driven through the streets of Vienna, their homes and shops were plundered. Jewish men and women were forced to wash away pro-independence slogans painted on the streets of Vienna ahead of the failed 13 March plebiscite. Jewish actresses from the Theater in der Josefstadt were forced to clean toilets by the SA. The process of Aryanisation began, and Jews were driven out of public life within months. These events reached a climax in the Kristallnacht pogrom of 9–10 November 1938. All synagogues and prayer houses in Vienna were destroyed, as well as in other Austrian cities such as Salzburg. The Stadttempel was the sole survivor due to its location in a residential district which prevented it from being burned down. Most Jewish shops were plundered and closed. Over 6,000 Jews were arrested overnight, the majority deported to Dachau concentration camp in the following days. The Nuremberg Laws applied in Austria from May 1938, later reinforced with innumerable anti-Semitic decrees. Jews were gradually robbed of their freedoms, blocked from almost all professions, shut out of schools and universities, and forced to wear the Yellow badge from September 1941.


title: Anschluss

text: After breaking off the negotiations regarding the position of the Catholic Church in Austria, Cardinal Theodor Innitzer (a political figure of the CS) was intimidated into supporting the Anschluss after being assaulted. Vatican Radio, however, broadcast a strong denunciation of the German action, and Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, the Vatican Secretary of State, ordered Innitzer to report to Rome. Before meeting the Pope, Innitzer met Pacelli, who had been outraged by Innitzer's statement. He told Innitzer to retract his statement; he was made to sign a new statement, issued on behalf of all the Austrian bishops, that stated: "The solemn declaration of the Austrian bishops... was clearly not intended to be an approval of something that was not and is not compatible with God's law". The Vatican newspaper reported that the German bishops' earlier statement had been issued without approval from Rome. The Vatican condemned Nazism in its newspaper L'Osservatore Romano, and forbade Catholics from following their ideas or supporting Anschluss. On 11 March 1938, one day before the occupation of Austria by the Wehrmacht, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna issued an appeal to Austrians: "As Austrian citizens, we stand and we fight for a free and independent Austria".


title: Anschluss

text: Another factor was the rise of Jörg Haider and the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) in the 1980s. The party had combined elements of the pan-German right with free-market liberalism since its foundation in 1955, but after Haider ascended to the party chairmanship in 1986, the liberal elements became increasingly marginalized. Haider began to openly use nationalist and anti-immigrant rhetoric. He was criticised for using the völkisch (ethnic) definition of national interest ("Austria for Austrians") and his apologetics for Austria's past, notably calling members of the Waffen-SS "men of honour". Following a dramatic rise in electoral support in the 1990s that peaked in the 1999 elections, the FPÖ entered a coalition with the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), led by Wolfgang Schüssel. This was condemned in 2000. The coalition prompted the regular Donnerstagsdemonstrationen (Thursday demonstrations) in protest against the government, which took place on the Heldenplatz where Hitler had greeted the masses during the Anschluss. Haider's tactics and rhetoric, often criticised as sympathetic to Nazism, forced Austrians to reconsider their relationship to the past. Haider's coalition partner, former Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel, in a 2000 interview with The Jerusalem Post, reiterated the "first victim" theory.


title: Anschluss

text: In the Federal Republic of Germany the Vergangenheitsbewältigung ("struggle to come to terms with the past") has been partially institutionalised in literary, cultural, political, and educational contexts. Austria formed a Historikerkommission ("Historian's Commission" or "Historical Commission") in 1998 with a mandate to review Austria's role in the Nazi expropriation of Jewish property from a scholarly rather than legal perspective, partly in response to continuing criticism of its handling of property claims. Its membership was based on recommendations from various quarters, including Simon Wiesenthal and Yad Vashem. The Commission delivered its report in 2003. Noted Holocaust historian Raul Hilberg refused to participate in the Commission and in an interview he stated his strenuous objections in terms both personal and in reference to larger questions about Austrian culpability and liability, comparing what he thought to be relative inattention by the World Jewish Congress to the settlement governing the Swiss bank holdings of those who died or were displaced by the Holocaust.


title: Freckles (1935 film)

text: RKO announced in July 1934 that Freckles would be one of eight classic works on their production schedule for 1934–35, production was set for later that year in December. At the time, the novel was one of the best-selling books of all time. In February 1935, it was reported that Jess Smith had been assigned to adapt Gene Stratton-Porter's book into a screenplay. It was one of two of Stratton-Porter's works scheduled for production by RKO that season, the other being Laddie. In the middle of February, Anne Shirley was announced as being attached to the picture. In April 1935, John Robertson had been attached to the project as the director, while Pandro S. Berman was announced as the producer. Virginia Weidler was added to the cast in May 1935. In early July it was revealed that Carol Stone would be part of the cast, and that production would begin on July 8. In mid-July Robertson was replaced by a directing team consisting of Edward Killy and William Hamilton. The two had worked on several films together, with Killy as the assistant director and Hamilton as the editor. The following week it was announced that Tom Brown would star opposite Stone, followed the next day by the addition of Addison Richards to the acting crew. At about the same time, it was announced in the trade papers that the film was scheduled for release on August 23. The cast was further filled out the following week with the addition Lumsden Hare, James Bush, and Richard Alexander. By the end of July the film was in production on location outside of Sonora, California, and Dorothy Peterson was added to the cast. At the beginning of August, Louis Natheaux and Wade Boteler had been added to the cast as two of the bank robbers. In the first week in August, the release date was pushed back to September 27. The film had completed shooting by August 10, and had begun the editing process. Although the film was reported as completed by the middle of August, well in time for its scheduled September opening, on September 28 the premier date was pushed further back to October 4. The Chicago Legion of Decency graded the film class A, declaring it suitable for all audiences.


title: Freckles (1935 film)

text: Harrison's Reports found the film enjoyable, calling it a good family film. They highlighted the performance of Virginia Weidler, who they called the film's "real attraction". They also found Tom Brown's performance appealing. The Film Daily called the picture a "pleasing sentimental romance," although they found it a bit slow for most of the picture, finally picking up its pace towards the end. They found the direction of the dual helmsmen good, and particularly lauded the camera work of Robert de Grasse. Motion Picture Daily felt the film was a "human and believable production," and delighted in Weidler's performance. They said that she won "laugh after laugh with a quiet, natural comedy." They applauded Yost's adaptation, and felt the supporting cast did admirably. A "drama not lacking in comedy and photographed in an atmosphere of rustic locales ... a simple and understandable story that is concerned chiefly with human emotions, the picture is one for the entire family," is how the film was described by the Motion Picture Herald. The magazine particularly praised the performance of Brown, and also felt that Weidler's acting was "of the highest order." The New York Times commented that the film was "an agreeable specimen of the homespun drama" and that it "retains the stimulating flavor of the Indiana backwoods country of thirty-odd years ago." They concluded their review by stating that the film was "directed at a leisurely pace" and "boasts a handsome physical production." The Northern Star described Freckles as a "drama of love and action" and "a pictorial feast of towering trees, rushing streams, fertile valleys and glimpses wild life rarely equalled on the screen," and described Freckles as a "friendless boy" who must prevail over desperate odds. Additionally, the newspaper commended the acting of Brown as "one of the most capable of the younger screen players" and Wielder who "gives a performance that is uncanny in its charm and realism." Most critics left a positive review with many commenting on the stellar performance of the actors in the film.


title: Amaliegade 49

text: At the time of the 1834 census, No. 134 was home to eight households. August Durchholtz, a master baker, resided on the ground floor with his sister Henriette Durchholtz, his son Frederik August Durchholtz, his foster daughter Magdalene Møller and one maid. Alhed Eleonore Hetscher, a 46-year-old widow, resided in the other ground-floor apartment with her two children (aged 26 and 30), a lodger and a maid. Ane Kristine Gerlack, a 61-year-old married woman, resided on the first floor with her two daughters (aged 20 and 26), a lodger and a maid. Fransika Anthon Widl, a royal cook for Prince Frederik, resided in the other first floor apartment with his wife Sophie Sørensen, their two children (aged two and four) and two maids. Carl August de Coninck, a secretary in the Supreme Court, resided on the second floor with the 23-year-old lodger Carl August Bierfreund. Johan Christian Hjelte, a lieutenant and teacher at the Army Cadet Academy, resided in the other second floor apartment. Søren Andersen, a workman, resided in the basement with a maid. Lars Olsen, another workman, resided in the building with his wife Johanne Cathrine Jacobsen, their three children (aged five to ten) and one maid.


title: Amaliegade 49

text: A restaurant had opened on the ground floor by 1840. Carl Christian Frederich Burmeister, the restaurateur, resided in the associated dwelling with his wife Henriette Martine Mildenstein, their four children (aged two to twenty), five employees and four lodgers. The eldest son, Carl Christian Burmeister, would later be a co-founder of Burmeister & Wain. Anders Adolph Aspegren, a merchant (grosserer), resided in one of the first floor apartments with his wife Amalie Charlotte Hansen, their four children (aged three to nine), a male servant and two maids. Mads Birch Jespersen, a Quarantine official, resided in the other first floor apartment with his wife Johanne Marie Petersen, his wife's two sisters and four lodgers. Marie Kirstine , widow of Louis de Coninck , resided on the second floor with her 23-year-old daughter Wilhelmine, her nephew Wilhelmine Herløw, three other family members and one maid. Hans Peter Holst, a teacher, resided in the other second floor apartment with his wife Maria Holm, their four-year-old son, a maid and five lodgers. The proprietors of two taverns and a baker resided with their families and employees in the basement.


title: Amaliegade 49

text: At the time of the 1845 census, No. 134 was home to six households in Amaliegade and six households in Toldbodvejen (now Esplanaden). Charles de Teilmann, a høfjægermester from Nørholm Manor in Jutland, resided in the building with his wife Fru de Teilmann. Georg von Peincin, an army major, resided in the building with his son Baron Ernst Peincin. Peter Ephraim Sletting , a captain in the Royal Danish Navy, resided in the building with his wife Petrine Sletting née Brønnum, their five children (aged 13 to 20), a 15-year-old niece and two maids. Anders Adolph Aspegreen was still residing in the building with his wife, their three children, a housekeeper, a male servant and two maids. Carl C.F. Burmeister was also still occupying the ground floor. Jacob Hansen, the proprietor of a tavern in the basement, resided in the associated dwelling with his wife Cicilie Hansen, their two-year-old son, his 72-year-old mother-in-law, a maid and two lodgers. Hans Jørgen Trojel, a jurist, resided in an apartment towards Toldbodvejen with his wife Marie Henriette (née Hansen) and one maid. Painter Frederik Sødring resided in another Toldbodvej apartment with his wife Henriette Sødring (née Bang) and two maids. Frederik Johannes Herman von Huth , a first lieutenant in the 5th Battalion, resided in another apartment with his wife Adolphine Eleonora Emilie Huth (née Møller), their two daughters (aged one and three) and one maid. Mads Birch Jespersen was still residing in another apartment. Laurine Kunstrup (née Holbeck) resided in another apartment with one maid. Lars Olsen, the proprietor of the tavern on Toldbodvej, resided in the associated dwelling with his wife Johanne Jacobsen, their three children (aged 10 to 21), a maid and two male servants.


title: LaRa

text: LaRa will study the rotation of Mars as well as its internal structure, with particular focus on its core. It will observe the Martian precession rate, the nutations, and the length-of-day variations, as well as the polar motion. The precession and the nutations are variations in the orientation of Mars's rotation axis in space, the precession being the very long term motion (about 170 000 years for Mars) while the nutations are the variations with a shorter period (annual, semi-annual, ter-annual,... periods). A precise measurement of the Martian nutations enables an independent determination of the size and density of the liquid core because of a resonance in the nutation amplitudes. The resonant amplification of the low-frequency forced nutations depends sensibly on the size, moment of inertia, and flattening of the core. This amplification is expected to correspond to a displacement of between a few to forty centimeters on Mars surface. Observing the amplification allows to confirm the liquid state of the core and to determine some core properties.


title: Old Colorado City

text: For the first two decades, the population of the town decreased. Some people chose to farm or ranch outside of the town limits. In addition, the town did not get the travelers it anticipated because most people chose to travel through Denver due to skirmishes with Native Americans along the Arkansas River. Its primary interest was as a "watering hole", due to its many saloons on the south side of Colorado Avenue. There were brothels and gambling rooms on upper floors of the saloons and brothels behind the saloons on Cucharras Street. Tunnels under Colorado Avenue ensured that men could enter these businesses without being seen. In addition to saloons and brothels, Colorado City had opium dens in its early days. When William Jackson Palmer purchased the land for Colorado Springs, he outlawed the consumption of alcohol within the new town's borders in reaction to the businesses he found unsavory in Colorado City. In 1896 and until 1916, ordinances were passed that prohibited prostitution, opium dens, and dance halls, but brothels continued to be established after 1896. The mayor of the town had warned prostitutes to leave Colorado City by 1908 or 1909, when most of the red-light district was burned down in two separate fires. Between 1902 and 1909, there were other fires along Saloon Row and the red light district. Liquor was outlawed in Colorado City in 1916. For the bordellos that rebuilt or remained, they received continued pressure to close down until Colorado City was annexed to Colorado Springs in 1917. At that time, at least one owner, Laura Bell McDaniel, was arrested. In 1933, at the end of Prohibition, Colorado Springs lifted the ban of the sale and consumption of alcohol.


title: United States Air Force Plant 42

text: About 250 major subcontractors supplied various systems and components to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. The structures of the orbiter were manufactured at various companies under contract to Rockwell International's Space Transportation Systems Division, Downey, California. The upper and lower forward fuselage, crew compartment, forward reaction control system and aft fuselage were manufactured at Rockwell's Space Transportation Systems Division facility in Downey and were transported overland from Downey to Rockwell's Palmdale, California, assembly facility. The midfuselage was manufactured by General Dynamics, San Diego, California, and transported overland to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. The wings (including elevons) were manufactured by Grumman, Bethpage, Long Island, New York, and transported by ship from New York via the Panama Canal to Long Beach, California, and then transported overland to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. The vertical tail (including rudder/speed brake) were manufactured by Fairchild Republic in Farmingdale, Long Island, New York, and transported overland to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. The payload bay doors were manufactured at Rockwell International's Tulsa, Oklahoma, facility and transported overland to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. The body flap was manufactured at Rockwell International's Columbus, Ohio, facility and transported overland to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. The aft orbital maneuvering system/reaction control system pods were manufactured by McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center.


title: Mrinal Dutt

text: Dutt started his acting career with small roles in South Indian films like Telugu film Tuneega Tuneega in 2012. In 2013, he played the role of Vikrant in the teenage drama series MTV Webbed, which was produced by Balaji Telefilms. The following year in 2014, he received his first lead role in the series Private Investigator. In character of Raffe Roy Choudhary, Dutt was a college-going teenager who helped a police inspector (played by Vrajesh Hirjee) to solve crimes. He would solve crimes by his keen observation of people and based on Sourabh Ratnu's advice, who had conceptualized the show, Dutt travelled to many common places simply to study and observe mannerisms and behaviour of people. Dutt had himself styled his character, making him look younger, by wearing t-shirts and losing muscle weight by running and playing badminton. Media had speculated that his appearance in the show, especially hair, had been inspired from Benedict Cumberbatch; Dutt called it "just a coincidence, and a good one."


title: 2021 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team

text: The Red Raiders scored 17 unanswered points in the first half, with two touchdown runs from SaRodrick Thompson in the first quarter and a 33-yard field goal from Jonathan Garibay in the second right before halftime. Texas Tech's offense would struggle in the second half, being shut out completely in the third quarter while West Virginia scored 17 points to tie the game at 17–17 heading into the fourth quarter. In the fourth, the Red Raiders' defense held the Mountaineers to only a field goal. Following the field goal, the Red Raiders' offense would march down the field on a drive that lasted for over 4 minutes, ending the drive with a 32-yard field goal from Garibay with 18 seconds left. On the ensuing kickoff, Trey Wolff squibbed the ball, with Winston Wright Jr. recovering the ball and taking a knee at the West Virginia 9-yard line. Jarret Doege would throw a 29-yard pass to Isaiah Esdale then threw a pass intended for Sam James that fell incomplete as time expired, giving Texas Tech a 23–20 victory.


title: Sean Kennard

text: Kennard received his bachelor of music degree from the Curtis Institute of Music in 2004. He began studies at Curtis with Eleanor Sokoloff in 1998, and was the first student from the state of Hawaii ever to be accepted to the institution. In his final year, he was awarded the piano department's Sergei Rachmaninoff Award, given to one graduating pianist each year. During his time at Curtis, he won 2nd prize at the Hilton Head International Piano Competition. Immediately after graduating, he competed in the Sendai International Music Competition and was the first American and contestant outside of Asia and Europe to win a prize in the competition. He went on from Curtis to study with Enrique Graf at the College of Charleston in their Artist Certificate program in Fall of 2004. In 2012 he graduated with a Master of Music from the Juilliard School, studying with Jerome Lowenthal and Robert McDonald, before entering the Professional Studies Diploma program at Mannes College later that year to study with Richard Goode. He was accepted into the Doctor of Musical Arts program at the Yale School of Music in the studio of Boris Berman in 2014, and completed the residential portion of the degree in the Spring of 2016.


title: Sean Kennard

text: Kennard has appeared as soloist with various orchestras around the world, including the Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra, Orchestre National de Belgique, Orchestre Royal de Chambre de Wallonie (Belgium), Orchestre Philharmonique du Maroc (Morocco), Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra (Japan), Sendai Philharmonic Orchestra (Japan), Osaka Symphony Orchestra (Japan), NHK Chamber Orchestra (Japan), Kyushu Symphony Orchestra (Japan), Yamagata Symphony Orchestra (Japan), Orchestra Sinfónica Nacional (Dominican Republic), Deutsches Kammerorchester (Frankfurt), Orquesta Sinfónica de Chile, Orquesta Filarmónica de Montevideo, Orquesta Filarmónica Regional (Chile), Sinfonia Perugina (Italy), Orquesta Sinfónica de la Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Orquesta Sinfónica de la Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Indianapolis Chamber Orchestra, Honolulu Symphony Orchestra, Sioux City Symphony Orchestra, Charleston Symphony Orchestra, Hilton Head Orchestra, New Amsterdam Symphony Orchestra, and Florida International University Orchestra.


title: Sean Kennard

text: He has appeared in recital and chamber music in such venues as Teatro Caio Melisso (Spoleto, Italy), Teatro Municipal (Vina del Mar, Chile), Yomiuri Otemachi Hall (Tokyo, Japan), Kennedy Center Terrace Theater (Washington D.C.), Seoul Arts Center (Seoul, Korea), Hong Kong City Hall (Hong Kong), Salle Cortot (Paris, France), Theatre Royal de la Monnaie (Brussels, Belgium), Palacio Nacional de Queluz (Lisbon, Portugal), Tokyo Opera City Recital Hall (Tokyo, Japan), Chopin Society (Warsaw, Poland), Alice Tully Hall (New York City, USA), International Piano Series (Charleston, SC), Katsushika Symphony Hills (Tokyo, Japan), Hilbert Circle Theatre (Indianapolis, IN), Gulbenkian Foundation (Lisbon, Portugal), Orvis Auditorium (Honolulu, HI), California MTA Convention (San Jose, CA), Minami-Azabu Centre Hall (Tokyo, Japan), Togouchi Fureai Center (Akiota, Japan), Kresge Recital Hall (Pittsburgh, PA), Rantokaku Art Museum (Kure, Japan), Cine Teatro Municipal (Treinta y Tres, Uruguay), Steinway Hall (New York City, USA), Munetsugu Hall (Nagoya, Japan), Palais des Beaux-Arts (Brussels, Belgium), Hawaii Theater (Honolulu, HI), Oto no Izumi Hall (Oita, Japan), Flagey Studio 4 (Brussels, Belgium), Yamaha Hall (Tokyo, Japan), Teatro del Lago (Frutillar, Chile), Civic Cultural Hall (Morioka, Japan), Alumni Concert Hall (Pittsburgh, PA), Gallery Core Hall (Takasaki, Japan), Academy of the Arts (Honolulu, HI), Mar-a-Lago (Palm Beach, FL), Perlman Music Program (Shelter Island, NY), Christ Church Cathedral (Indianapolis, IN), Takarayama Hall (Kagoshima, Japan), Teatro Larranaga (Paysandu, Uruguay), Tobata Civic Center (Kitakyushu, Japan), Sala dei Notari (Perugia, Italy), Sogo Hall (Saijo, Japan), Hotel del Lago (Punta del Este, Uruguay)( He is currently represented in Japan by Nippon Artists Management Inc.


title: Love, Timeless

text: Life seems to be one misstep after another for 30 year-old Shi Zhao Yu (Nick Chou) ever since he lost that fateful basketball match to his college rival Li Jun Ren (Chang Chieh). He lost to him in love back in college, now he's about to lose his job. Life is no easier for his former classmate Ruby Shen (Huang Wei Ting). The girl of every guy's dream in college is now trapped in a failed marriage. Feeling depressed, Ruby calls her former classmates to meet at the clock tower, where they once shared happy memories together in college. "If only I could go back in time, maybe my life would have been different." says Ruby before she jumps off the clock tower. Just as Zhao Yu falls from trying to save Ruby, he is transported back in time to his sophomore year in college. Zhao Yu now has a chance. The opportunity to save his first love and reverse the future is in our hero's grasp. But what does he really want: another shot with his college crush, or a love that he didn't even know existed before?


title: Joke (sketch)

text: At the start of the sketch, Rowan Atkinson's character tells Richard Curtis' character he's "got a joke". He goes on to explain, "It's one of those ones where I ask a question and you say 'I don't know, dot, dot, dot, dot, dot, dot'." Rowan begins the joke by saying, "I say, I say, I say, what is the secret of great comedy?" Richard replies by literally saying, "I don't know, dot, dot, dot, dot, dot, dot." After laughing at his own wit, Richard tells the annoyed Rowan that he'll "do it again." Rowan repeats the question and Richard replies, "I don't know. What is the secret to great comedy?" However, before Richard can finish his reply, Rowan interrupts, "timing." The point of the joke is that Rowan deliberately got his timing wrong when saying that timing is the secret to great comedy; however, Richard does not understand the joke. Bewildered by Richard's stupidity, Rowan enquires, "But didn't you see?" "Sorry, was it a visual joke?" Richard replies, still confused. After trying the joke a third time, Richard still does not understand the irony of the joke. Annoyed by Richard, Rowan asks, "Don't you think that's a clever joke?" to which Richard replies, "Clever... no. Joke... no." Disheartened by his joke falling flat with Richard, he claims "it was very funny when Michael told it," then makes the excuse that his timing might be out to which Richard replies, "It could be other factors like the complete absence of anything funny in the joke." Rowan proclaims, "It's so difficult telling jokes," before suddenly exclaiming that he has another joke that is "far more straightforward" to which Richard replies, "As long as it's funny, I don't mind."


title: Joke (sketch)

text: The second joke begins with Rowan saying, "Knock! Knock! Who's there? Death..." but he is interrupted by Richard who complains that knock-knock jokes "are meant to be two-handers". Rowan argues that this joke "doesn't work that way". It becomes apparent that Rowan is attempting to tell the same joke told by Toby, the Devil, during a previous sketch. The joke is meant to go "Knock, Knock. Who's there? Death. Death wh..." at which point the person telling the joke pretends to die. If a second person was replying in the joke, they would not know to pretend to die when saying "Death who?". Richard protests and Rowan gives in and the pair attempt the knock-knock joke in the "old way". Richard, ignorant to the fact he is meant to say the punch line, replies "Death who?" and Rowan replies "Ah, now, that's where it goes wrong." Rowan explains to Richard how he is meant to say the punch-line but after another attempt at the joke, Richard replies wrong. Rowan, getting increasingly more annoyed as the sketch goes on, says he has another joke and this time he will be "third time lucky".


title: Paul Sciacca

text: Sciacca promoted Frank Mari, who he thought to be a loyal underling, to be his new underboss, while another Sciacca underling, Michael "Mike" Adamo, was promoted to consigliere. Unknown to boss Sciacca, soon after their promotions Mari and Adamo began to plot against him and planned to remove him from power and possibly eliminate him altogether, but their plans were revealed and on the night of September 18, 1968 both men disappeared, never to be heard from again. Bonanno soldier and former Mari underling Philip "Rusty" Rastelli, a former Bonanno loyalist who switched allegiance to the DiGregoiro-Sciacca side at the start of the war, became a top suspect in the case for New York City police, having also been a top suspect in the Troutman Street ambush. Rastelli, who was promoted to caporegime of the old Mari crew, was never charged in connection with either the ambush or the disappearance, but he was promoted once again to consigliere by boss Paul Sciacca immediately following the disappearance of Adamo, while former Bonanno loyalist Natale "Joe Diamonds" Evola was promoted to underboss in place of Mari.


title: Paul Sciacca

text: Longtime family member and former Bonanno loyalist Natale Evola was leader of what remained of the former Bonanno faction, while Phil Rastelli had gained a great deal of influence with the younger, up and coming members of the crime family and was now the leader of the "young turks" faction. By promoting Evola to underboss and Rastelli to consigliere, Sciacca hoped to align the Bonanno crime family and bring it back to the level of power and influence within the New York Mafia it once occupied. In terms of numbers the Bonanno crime family had always been one of the smaller of the Five Families, but it was also one of the most cohesive and well structured crime families because most of its administration was family members related by blood or marriage. Sciacca hoped to at least mend the broken ties among members and re-align the three most influential factions within the Bonanno crime family, effectively removing the last of the rivalries and hostilities that were still present, creating cohesion and stability.


title: Jimmy Santiago Baca

text: Baca's poetry collections include C-Train and Thirteen Mexicans: Dream Boy's Story , Healing Earthquakes , Set This Book on Fire , In the Way of the Sun , Black Mesa Poems , Poems Taken from My Yard , and What's Happening . His "memoir", A Place to Stand , chronicles his troubled youth and the five-year jail-stint that brought about his personal transformation. The poet Will Inman published Mr. Baca's poetry in his 1977 anthology Fired Up with You: Poems of a Niagara Vision (Border Press), one of the earliest anthologies to include Jimmy Santiago Baca's poems. Baca is also the author of a collection of stories and essays, Working in the Dark: Reflections of a Poet of the Barrio ; a play, Los tres hijos de Julia ; a screenplay, Bound by Honor, which was released by Hollywood Pictures as Blood In Blood Out in 1993; he also published at the end of 1993 Second Chances. Baca's most recent novel is A Glass of Water . He published an original essay in 2013 called, "The Face," in ebook form with Restless Books, along with digital editions of his Breaking Bread with the Darkness poetry volumes.


title: LuLu and the TomCat

text: LuLu and the TomCat have produced nine albums and 60 books to date. Their first English CD, All the Cats Were Playin' received a Prairie Music Award for Best Children's Recording. Their second English album, 3,2,1 Kadoozee received a Western Canadian Music Award for Best Children's Recording. Their third multilingual CD, Stick To It received a Parent's Choice Award and a Children's Music Web Award. Their first French CD with nine companion books, Faites de la musique!, an innovative method of learning French. received a WCMA nomination for Best Children's Album.Their album, Fossil Rock, released at the Morden Chautauqua on September 27, 2008, received a WCMA nomination for Best Children's Album. The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre in Morden, Manitoba commissioned four of the 14 songs on this CD about dinosaurs. Their second French CD, Le dragon Gaston and 12 companion books were released in March 2010 and received a Western Canadian Music Award nomination for Francophone Album of the Year, Their seventh recording, Lullaby LuLu, a collection of lullabies for adults and children was released on October 26, 2010. Their eighth recording, The World of Odd, received a nomination for Best Children's Album at the WCMA's in 2012. Their most recent and third French album, Le Chat Botté, was released in October 2013 and received a nomination for "Francophone Album of the Year" at the Western Canadian Music Awards in 2014. It has been nominated for a Juno for Children's Album of The Year.


title: Ndirangu Wanjuki

text: In October 2005, Ngirangu first joined Amref Health Africa for a 2-year term contract as project manager of Busia Child Survival Project (BCSP). Project aimed a sustained reduction in child and maternal mortality in Funyula and Butula Divisions of Busia District in Kenya, it was implemented between 2005 and 2010 on partnership between Amref Health Africa, USAID, and Kenyan Government. He held this position until September 2007. In October of same year, Ndirangu was promoted to become program director of Maanisha HIV & AIDS Community Focused Initiatives, Amref's then-largest program aimed to control HIV/AIDS throughout Kenya. He served for 3 years until his appointment as Kenya deputy country director at the same organization in January 2011, the position he held until his promotion to become Kenya country director of the Amref Health Africa in August 2015. Ndirangu also dedicates his time in serving as an executive coach, he is the co-founder of Africa Coachlinks Africa, and co-author of Career Choice Book with Sheila Macharia, Njeri Gitau, Janice Njoroge and Sophie Ndungi-Mwangi, a career guidance book targeting African Students.


title: List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships

text: SS Milwaukee Clipper, another passenger steamer. The Clipper is the last Great Lakes American Passenger Ship of her kind. The SD Milwaukee Clipper was built in 1904 as the SS Juniata, She carried 350 passengers and cargo between Buffalo, NY, and Duluth, MN from 1905 through 1936, when she was tied up with an uncertain future. In 1940, the SS Juniata was purchased and was sent to Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co, to be rebuilt with an all-steel superstructure. She was christened as the SS Milwaukee Clipper in 1941, and carried 900 passengers and 120 automobiles between Muskegon, MI, and Milwaukee, WI. The run lasted until 1970 when she was pulled out of service. After 1970 the ship was saved as an attraction in Chicago. Later, she was moved to Hammond, IN, where the ship was going to be used as a casino. The Clipper was named a National Historic Landmark in 1989. The Clipper was brought back to Muskegon MI, in 1997 to be used as a museum and banquet/convention center where she sits today. The Clipper retains the last American-Built Quadruple Expansion Steam Engine.


title: Jack Irons

text: In 1983, Flea formed a "one-off" band, Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, with Kiedis, Slovak and Irons. Their performance was a hit and, after deciding to continue past the single concert, they changed their name to Red Hot Chili Peppers, quickly gaining popularity around Los Angeles. After six months, they earned a record deal with EMI and prepared to record its first album. Since What Is This? had signed a record deal two weeks earlier and Slovak and Irons considered the Red Hot Chili Peppers a side project, they quit. With What Is This?, Irons recorded 1984's Squeezed (EP), 1985's 3 Out of 5 Live EP, and a full-length self-titled album that same year. The band broke up following the album's recording as Slovak became frustrated with the band and rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers. In the meantime, Irons played on several recordings by Walk the Moon, a duo made up of Johannes and Natasha Shneider. In 1986, after learning that drummer Cliff Martinez had resigned, Irons returned to the Red Hot Chili Peppers.


title: Jack Irons

text: With Irons, Pearl Jam recorded its fourth studio album, No Code, released in 1996, for which Irons also toured. The band subsequently released Yield in 1998. "Do the Evolution" (from Yield) received a Grammy nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance. As a member of Pearl Jam, Irons brought a unique drumming style to the band, particularly in the way he played his fills and with his use of a trash can lid as a cymbal. Irons co-wrote the music for the No Code songs "Who You Are", "In My Tree", "Red Mosquito", and "I'm Open". He also wrote and sang on the Pearl Jam songs "Happy When I'm Crying" , "●" (from Yield), and "Whale Song" . He played with Pearl Jam through March 20, 1998. In 1998, prior to Pearl Jam's U.S. Yield Tour, Irons left the band due to dissatisfaction with touring. Pearl Jam's sound engineer Brett Eliason stated, "We went and did Hawaii and Australia with Jack. When we came back, Jack wasn't in a position to carry on. He made that decision more or less by himself. He can be a really great drummer but he had difficulty on tour putting out the energy for the length of shows they were doing. I don't know if he thought they'd put things on hold for him." Vedder said, "I think that him deciding that he wasn't going to be in the band really hurt." Coincidentally, Matt Cameron, from the recently split Soundgarden, replaced him again as he did four years prior on Eleven's Thunk.


title: Jack Irons

text: Aside from the aforementioned bands, Irons recorded and toured as a member of Joe Strummer's backing band The Latino Rockabilly War for the album Earthquake Weather , and also toured with Redd Kross in support of the band's album Third Eye . He appears in Redd Kross' promotional video for the song "Annie's Gone". In 1992, Raging Slab (a band notorious for having over 25 different drummers over the course of the band's 18-year career), complete with Irons on drums, began recording the follow-up to its 1989 RCA Records self-titled debut, with producer Michael Beinhorn at the helm. The entire album was recorded, mixed, and mastered; however when RCA Records executives heard the album, it was rejected. The album, titled Freeburden, remains unreleased. In 2000, Irons played as part of the initial line-up of Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade. Irons is featured on the track "Milky Ave" on the album Ultra Payloaded by Perry Farrell's band Satellite Party. Joining him on the album is former bandmate Flea. In 2012 he appeared on former Chili Pepper bandmate, Flea's debut solo EP Helen Burns. Aside from popular music, Irons has worked as a drumming advisor and teacher for numerous U.S. television projects. Irons appeared on five of the ten songs on To Be One With You, the debut solo album by former Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist Josh Klinghoffer who released the album under the name Pluralone. The album was released on November 22, 2019. He then went on to record four songs on Josh's follow-up record, I Don't Feel Well released on October 16, 2020.


title: Lauridromia

text: Crabs in this genus have a carapace that is about as long as it is wide, with well-developed rostral and anterolateral teeth. The carapace has a covering of coarse hairs and some shaggy bristles near the margins. The chelipeds bear epipods (small lateral extension from the base). The pereopods (walking legs) are smooth. The fourth pereopod has a propodus (penultimate segment) with spines on its inner and outer margins and a larger spine opposing the dactylus (tip segment), which is spineless. The fifth pereopod is shorter than the third and has a propodus with one or two spines opposing the dactylus and three further spines on its outer margin. The dactylus on this leg has one spine or is unarmed. The uropods are visible externally. On the female the sternal grooves are separate and set on large tubes behind the chelipeds. The abdomen is locked in place on the underside of the animal by serrated flanges on the second and third pereopods bonding with the margin of the abdomen. There is a visible suture between the fifth and sixth somites (segments) of the abdomen.


title: Eightball (comics)

text: Early issues of Eightball feature a mixture of very short, often crudely humorous comics ("Zubrick and Pogeybait", "The Sensual Santa"), topical rants and satires ("Art School Confidential", "On Sports"), longer, more reflective self-contained stories ("Caricature", "Immortal Invisible"), and serialized works. The first extended story serialized in Eightball was Like a Velvet Glove Cast in Iron, which ran in issues #1–10. Glove was followed by Ghost World (issues #11–18). Beginning with #19 each issue of Eightball has been devoted to a single storyline, as opposed to the more eclectic format of the earlier issues. Issues #19–21 serialized the graphic novel David Boring, while issues #22 and 23 each consisted of a collection of short, fragmentary stories in diverse styles and formats that meshed into a unified narrative ("Ice Haven" and "The Death Ray"). The issues of Eightball beginning with #19 have been published in full color in a larger magazine-sized format. Eightball #18 included a bound-in copy of Clowes's pamphlet Modern Cartoonist.


title: Gottardo (train)

text: The electric multiple unit (EMU) trainsets that were used by the Gottardo from 1961 to 1994, or most of its life, were very unusual in their ability to operate at four different overhead line voltages. The RAe TEE II trainsets were built in 1961 and designed specifically for use on international TEE routes that served countries whose national rail systems used different overhead voltages. On the TEE routes Edelweiss and Iris, the RAe trainsets needed all four different power settings; those routes travelled through five different countries. The route served by the Gottardo and Ticino served only two countries, but they have different line voltages. The multi-voltage RAe-TEE-type EMUs allowed the two Trans Europ Express trains to cross the Swiss-Italian border at Chiasso without having to stop. All other trains serving the line had to stop at the border station to enable the Swiss locomotive to be replaced by an Italian one, or vice versa, because of the difference in line voltage. After the Ticino was discontinued , the Gottardo was the only scheduled passenger train on the Lugano–Como line that did not have to stop at the border station, Chiasso. Border control officers carried out passport inspections on board the moving trains.


title: Economic Cycle Research Institute

text: In 1946, Moore taught Alan Greenspan, who served as Chairman of the Federal Reserve of the United States from 1987 to 2006, In 1950, Moore developed the first-ever leading indicators of cyclical revival and recession. In 1958 to 1967, Moore, working with Julius Shiskin, developed the original composite index method, and the composite indexes of leading, coincident, and lagging indicators of the U.S. economy. In 1968, Moore gave over to the U.S. government the original composite leading, coincident, and lagging indexes, which the United States Department of Commerce adopted (and published regularly in Business Cycle Developments (BCD), soon renamed Business Conditions Digest), with the Index of Leading Economic Indicators (LEI) becoming its main forecasting gauge. In 1969, Moore was appointed U.S. Commissioner of Labor Statistics, and took a four-year leave from the NBER. While Commissioner, he started the collection of additional statistics, including the Employment Cost Index. In 1973, Moore and Philip A. Klein began developing international leading indexes.


title: Anthony Braxton's Charlie Parker Project 1993

text: The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow stated "Braxton uses the melodies and some of the original structures of such tunes as "Hot House," "Night in Tunisia," "Bebop," and "Ko Ko" as the basis for colorful and often-stunning improvisations. He does not feel restricted to the old boundaries of the 1940s and '50s, preferring to pay tribute to the spirit and chance-taking of Charlie Parker rather than to merely recreate the past. The passionate and unpredictable results are quite stimulating and full of surprises, fresh ideas and wit. It's highly recommended to those jazz followers who have very open ears". All About Jazz noted "Charlie Parker may not yet be antique, but it's no easy matter to connect his music with the drive, intensity, and collective freedom that came of age in the '60s and has been honed to a fine edge ever since. The sheer magnitude of this recording does not in any way compromise its free spirit. The Charlie Parker Project makes all sorts of unexpected connections in a spontaneous, forward-looking way>"


title: Nafplio

text: The area surrounding Nafplio has been inhabited since ancient times, but few signs of this, aside from the walls of the Acronauplia, remain visible. The town has been a stronghold on several occasions during Classical Antiquity. It seems to be mentioned on an Egyptian funerary inscription of Amenophis III as Nuplija. Nauplia (Ancient Greek: ἡ Ναυπλία) was the port of Argos, in ancient Argolis. It was situated upon a rocky peninsula, connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus. It was a very ancient place, and is said to have derived its name from Nauplius, the son of Poseidon and Amymone, and the father of Palamedes, though it more probably owed its name, as Strabo has observed, to its harbour. Pausanias tells us that the Nauplians were Egyptians belonging to the colony which Danaus brought to Argos; and from the position of their city upon a promontory running out into the sea, which is quite different from the site of the earlier Grecian cities, it is not improbable that it was originally a settlement made by strangers from the East.


title: Osita Ogbu

text: Osita Ogbu OON is a Nigerian politician. He is the professor of development economics at the University of Nigeria. He was the Minister of National Planning in Nigeria from 2005 to 2006, and former Chief Economic Advisor to the President of Nigeria. He once served as the Executive Director of the African Technology Policy Studies Network, Nairobi, after having served as Senior Program Specialist-Economics of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada and Consultant Research Economist of the World Bank, Washington D.C. He is also a former visiting fellow of the Brookings Institution's Africa Growth Initiative. Osita Ogbu was the Director of the Institute for Development Studies, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. Aside from having served as former chairman of the Governing Council of the National Institute for Economic and Social Research (NISER), he is the Chief Executive Officer of the African Development Solutions International and a member of the Global Advisory Board of the Institute for Governance and Economic Transformation (IGET).


title: Osita Ogbu

text: For his National Youth Service Corps programme from August 1979 to August 1980, Ogbu worked as a tutor, teaching Social Studies and Literature at Government Secondary School, Lafia, Plateau State. From August 1980 to May 1981, he worked as management trainee at the Lever Brothers (Nig) Ltd., a subsidiary of Unilever, International. In this capacity, he assisted in coordinating field sales statistics, reports and briefs and undertook occasional field trips to area offices to explain sales and marketing management policies to local distributors and area staff in Delta and Warri areas. From June 1981 to December 1982, he was District Sales Manager for Lever Brothers, responsible, amongst other things, for supervising 200 industrial outlets and coordinating and managing the sales and promotion of industrial products in Lagos and Ogun states of Nigeria. Between January 1985 to May 1987, he was Research Fellow at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, D.C. His project was on the "impact of metro-rail on the development of local business within a 15 mile radius". During this time also, he worked as a part time Research Affiliate with the Economic Analysis Division United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. From May 1986 to August 1986, he was a summer assistant, one of the competitive summer internship positions for international post-graduate economics students, with the Economic Policy Division (Country Analysis) The World Bank, Washington, D.C. As a Research Affiliate with the Institute of Urban Affairs and Research, Howard University, Washington, D.C., from November 1986 to April 1987, Osita Ogbu participated on research on mental health. He was a Consultant Research Economist in the Africa Region of the World Bank in Washington D.C between 1987 and 1991. He worked for the International Development Research Centre of Canada in Ottawa and at the regional office in Nairobi as a senior program specialist from 1991 to 2001.


title: Osita Ogbu

text: From January to April 2012, Osita Ogbu was Visiting Fellow, Africa Growth Initiative, Global Economy and Development, The Brookings Institution, Washington D.C. He is the Managing Director/CEO of the African Development Solutions International , which is a Knowledge based Consulting Outfit. He became Professor of Economics and Director, Institute for Development Studies, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus in 2011. Ogbu delivered the 133rd Inaugural Lecture of the University of Nigeria on 26 April 2018. The Lecture was entitled, "Why Are They So Poor". Ogbu remained as the Director of the Institute for Development Studies, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus , teaching postgraduate courses in Development studies, until 2021. He is a current Trustee of The Clement Isong Foundation and a Director of the AFRI Heritage Institution, Enugu. He serves on the Economic Advisory Committee and the Privatization Council of Enugu State. In February 2024, he was appointed a member of the Global Advisory Board of the Institute for Governance and Economic Transformation (IGET).


title: Osita Ogbu

text: Osita Ogbu is a member of the UNESCO International Advisory Board on Restructuring Nigerian Science and Technology Infrastructure, from 2002 to 2004. He is a member of several boards of directors, including that of the African Population & Health Research Centre (APHRC) Nairobi, Kenya, from 2006 to 2012; Anchor Insurance (Nig.) Ltd. ; Member & Chair of F&GPC Committee of the Board of Directors, Mainstreet Bank (Nig.) Ltd.; and Chairman, Governing Council of the Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research , Ibadan, Nigeria . Osita Ogbu is also a member, Board of Directors, Heritage Institution, Enugu, Enugu State as from 2012. He is serving as member, Governing Council & Chair F&GPC Committee, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria ; Non-Executive Director, Afrinvest (West Africa) Ltd. ; Member, Governing Council, VERITAS University, Abuja. ; Member, Governing Board, Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) ; Member, African Finance and Economic Association; Member, American Economic Association; Member, Atlantic Economic Society; Member, International Educational Society; and Member, Nigerian Economic Society.


title: Fred Tottey

text: Tottey was a representative of both Sydney and New South Wales and was selected for the 1937/38 Kangaroo Tour but was ruled out after suffering a broken ankle while representing New South Wales. Tottey sailed with the actual Kangaroo tourists to England where he joined his new club – Halifax RFC. He returned to Sydney and in April 1939 he travelled to Auckland with a touring team from Sydney to play 3 club matches. He played in matches with Mount Albert United and Manukau. In May he attempted to again play with Easts but Halifax refused to offer him a release as he was contracted to them until 1940. The contractual dispute was never resolved and he didn't play Rugby League or Union again in Australia. In 1940 the Mount Albert club in Auckland made several attempts to get permission for him to play for them but were unsuccessful, he did however play in their 2 preseason matches which ostensibly fell outside official rules. Tottey then switched back to the rugby union code and turned out for the Grammar side before returning to Australia mid season due to tightening travel restrictions due to the war.


title: Garo (magazine)

text: Katsuichi Nagai founded Garo in July 1964 in order to publish the work of gekiga artists who didn't want to work for mainstream manga magazines after the demise of the rental book industry (kashihon). The magazine offered artists artistic freedom, but didn't pay them any salaries. Nagai particularly wanted to promote Marxist gekiga artist Sanpei Shirato's work, naming the magazine after one of Shirato's ninja characters. The first series published in Garo was Shirato's drama Kamui explored themes of class struggle and anti-authoritarianism around a Burakumin ninja boy with an Ainu name. Nagai originally intended the magazine to be for elementary and middle school children to become educated about antimilitarism and direct democracy, publishing essays against the Vietnam War and the rise of the price of school lunch alongside manga. Eventually it became a hit with college students instead. Garo attracted several influential gekiga artists such as Yoshihiro Tatsumi and Yoshiharu Tsuge, and discovered and promoted many new artists.


title: Central Sulawesi Youth Movement

text: On 2 March 1957 in North Sulawesi, Permesta was proclaimed. The struggle was a separatist movement that wanted greater autonomy and representations to the for the local regions in eastern Indonesia. The conflict escalated significantly due to the involvement of high-ranking officials from the Indonesian National Army (TNI) within the jurisdiction of Pangdam VII/Wirabuana. Among the notable figures during this period were Alex Kawilarang and Ventje Sumual, both associated with the TNI in Sulawesi before deserting for Permesta. Compounding the severity of the situation was the alleged support provided by the United States. The influential alliance possessed a fleet of 15 B-26 Invader bombers. The year 1957 witnessed TNI members across North and Central Sulawesi regions operating under the leadership of Permesta Commander, Alex Kawilarang. This collaboration resulted in a notable absence of TNI troops aligned with the Republic of Indonesia during that period, as loyalties appeared to shift within the military ranks.


title: Central Sulawesi Youth Movement

text: Elsewhere, the GPST sent Asa Bungkundapu, Herman Parimo and Mogadi to Jakarta for a direct meeting with President Sukarno. In the context of Jakarta, PRRI/Permesta were perceived as rebels and permesta, being deemed an adversary of the State, was targeted for suppression. Subsequently, the GPST delegation received a favorable reception from individuals at the Army Headquarters. The government acknowledged their commitment to defending the State, marking the initiation of recognition for the GPST by the central authorities. Efforts to secure a meeting with General Nasution proved unsuccessful, as they were only permitted to meet his deputy due to Nasution's preoccupation. Mogadi remained in Makassar and proceeded directly to Poso. Providing an explanation of their mission, they obtained a recommendation to meet Colonel Maraden Panggabean, who held authority over Palopo. Following their return, they were directed to organize a brief military training program for GPST members. This training took place among troops brought by Maraden Panggabean, supervised by Lieutenant Colonel Soetadji in Koroncia. Venturing to the small village of Korontjia (pronounced Koroncia) in Palopo Regency, South Sulawesi, they strategized and devised a plan of resistance against the impending Permesta.


title: Central Sulawesi Youth Movement

text: In the concluding months of 1960, the GPST found itself embroiled in internal discord characterized by disputes among its elites. Central to these contentions were issues, including a perceived lack of transparency in the allocation and distribution of funds emanating from the central authority in Jakarta. Grievances surfaced among certain GKST (Central Sulawesi Christian Church) elites who, at the forefront of the struggle, felt deprived of their equitable financial allotments, thus engendering sentiments of injustice. Simultaneously, a cold war atmosphere pervaded the ranks of the GPST elite as they grappled with leadership struggles within the organization. The ensuing power struggles, coupled with the aforementioned financial disparities, contributed to a palpable erosion of trust in the central leadership of the GPST. This crisis of confidence, precipitated by the confluence of financial inequities and leadership disputes, manifested as a formidable challenge to the cohesion of the organization. Furthermore, the divergent attitudes among GPST elites in responding to and implementing the tenets of the Korontjia Manuscript, added an additional layer of complexity to the internal strife. The cumulative effect of these factors gave rise to a fractious environment within the GPST, marked by a pronounced schism among its leadership and a diminishing sense of unity.


title: Generations in the workforce

text: Baby boomers are people born approximately between 1946 and 1964, directly after the resolution of World War II. The United States experienced a greatly elevated birth rate after the war, causing this generation to be one of the largest in a century. Boomers who have had careers tend to have a strong sense of company loyalty and many take pride at having worked at the same company for decades. Many modern Boomers are retiring or are retired, and this creates concerns for some as traditional retirement systems and pensions that many have paid into for years become uncertain. Baby Boomers have been often ascribed as technology resistant, and slower to adopt computers and smart phones than more recent generations who have grown up with them. This has created a sharp divide in how Boomers and modern generations see and interact with the world, including relationships, consumption of media, news sources, and spending habits. For example, Baby Boomers are the largest consumers of cable television today, while modern generations frequently do not see cable television as a priority.


title: Tobique River

text: The Tobique River Flows in a general southwesterly direction down through Victoria County, New Brunswick. The Tobique is formed just outside the small community of Nictau, New Brunswick. It is made through the conjoining of the two main tributaries known as the Little Tobique River and the Campbell River. After the river forms in Nictau, it travels down through many small communities. These communities are Riley Brook, Blue Mountain Bend, Oxbow, and Three Brooks. It then passes through the town of Plaster Rock, where just below it is joined by the Wapske River. The Tobique flows west from there, past the Tobique First Nation, to the Saint John River. Just before the Tobique Dam, facing the dam, there is a beach to the left side, which is private property and a heavy rock cut to the right. This makes for very beautiful pictures during the fall foliage. In the summer the Tobique River is a popular tourist attraction for boating and kayaking. During the month of July, it is host to the Fiddlers on the Tobique river run.


title: Saptaparni Cave

text: Saptparni Cave, also referred to as Sapta parni guha (Saraiki) or sattapaṇṇi guhā (Pali), literally Seven-leaves-cave (cognate with sapta, sept), is a Buddhist cave site about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest from Rajgir, Bihar, India. It is embedded in a hill. The Saptaparni Cave is important in the Buddhist tradition, because many believe it to be the site in which Buddha spent some time before his death, and where the first Buddhist council was held after Buddha died (paranirvana). It is here that a council of few hundred monks decided to appoint Ananda, Buddha's cousin, and Upali, who had accompanied the Buddha when he gave sermons in north India, to compose Buddha's teachings for the future generations. This was of special importance because the Buddha never wrote down his teachings. After the meeting in Saptaparni Cave, Ananda created an oral tradition of Buddha's teaching from his memory, prefacing it with "Thus have I heard on one occasion". Upali is credited with reciting the Vinaya (discipline), or "rules for the Bhikshus". This tradition is found in Vinaya Pitaka II.284 through II.287 and Digha Nikaya II.154.


title: History of Fordham University

text: In the late 1950s, as the Civil Rights Movement gathered momentum in the US, Fordham students and school officials expressed ambivalence about racial justice. In the late 1960s, Fordham became a center of political activism and countercultural activity. At the Rose Hill Campus, the Fordham branch of Students for a Democratic Society organized opposition to the existence of the ROTC and military recruiters. During this period, students routinely organized protests and class boycotts and used psychoactive drugs on campus open spaces. In response to internal demands for a more "liberalized" curriculum, the university created Bensalem College in 1967. An experimental college with no set requirements and no grades, it was studied by a wide array of educators and reported on by such large-circulation publications of the day as Look, Esquire and the Saturday Review. The school closed in 1974. In 1969, students organized a sit-in on the main road leading to Rose Hill in response to an announcement that President Richard Nixon would be speaking on campus. As a result of the sit-in, Nixon was forced to cancel his plans to speak. A year later, students stormed the main administration building, occupying it for several weeks, and set fire to the Rose Hill faculty lounge. It was during this period of activism that the university's African and African American Studies Department, one of the first black studies departments in the nation, as well as the paper, the leftist student newspaper on campus, were founded.


title: Chemnitz University of Technology

text: The tradition of science in this region goes back to the 16th century when Georg Agricola , a famous German scholar of minerals, served as the city's mayor. Historically, the university emerged from the Gewerbschule (trade school) founded in 1836. One year later, a Baugewerkenschule (school for the building trades) became affiliated with the Königliche Gewerbschule (Royal Trade School), which was followed by a Königliche Werkmeisterschule (Royal School for Master Craftsmen) in 1855. An existing Fabrikzeichenschule (Factory Mark School) in Chemnitz was affiliated to the Gewerbeschule at the time of its founding, but it was separated from the Gewerbschule for budgetary reasons in 1858. These four schools existed side by side and were unified by their director. In 1878, these schools were formally united in a school association – the Kasse der Technischen Staatslehranstalten (Office of the Technical Educational Institutions). The Gewerbeschule in particular, which was renamed the Gewerbeakademie in 1900 and the Staatliche Akademie für Technik (Public Academy of Technology) in 1929, achieved high recognition in Germany and a special position among the technical colleges and technical schools.


title: Chemnitz University of Technology

text: At the end of the German Democratic Republic, the academic system of Eastern Germany was absorbed by the West German system. Chemnitz University of Technology was actively supported to remain as a third university in Saxony besides University of Leipzig and TU Dresden. In 1992, the former Pädagogische Hochschule Zwickau was incorporated and the university was renamed Technische Universität Chemnitz-Zwickau. With the establishment of the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration and the Faculty of Humanities , the university's profile shifted from technical to a more comprehensive university. In 1997, another renaming took place and the institution received its current name, Chemnitz University of Technology. In September of the same year, the Saxon state government made the decision to end elementary school teacher training in Chemnitz. As of the winter semester 1999/2000, no more students were enrolled in the teacher training programs. The state government made the decision to center teacher training in Leipzig and Dresden. These decisions were accompanied by massive protests from the ranks of the students but also from the Faculty of Humanities.


title: Chemnitz University of Technology

text: The Böttcher Building, whose cornerstone was laid on 2 September 1875, was named after Professor Eduard Theodor Böttcher . Böttcher was a professor of mechanics and for many years the director of the Royal Higher Industrial School in Chemnitz. The laboratory building facing the railroad station was handed over as early as 1876. The busts of Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Alexander von Humboldt in the staircase there also date from this time. On 16 October 1877, this building was consecrated as the State Technical School. Under this collective name, it united the Higher School of Trades, the School of Construction Trades, the School of Master Craftsmen and the School of Trades Marks. The building, which was equipped according to the most modern standards and in which 612 students were taught at the time, had 105 rooms with a total area of 6,613 square meters. Since the 150th anniversary of engineering education in 1986, the main building at the university has borne the name "Eduard-Theodor-Böttcher-Bau". In 1986, a sculpture of Böttcher by the Karl-Marx-Stadt artist Frank Diettrich was also unveiled in front of the Senate Hall on the second floor in the central part of the building.


title: Chemnitz University of Technology

text: In the inner courtyard of the Böttcher Building is the "Alte Heizhaus." This was originally a flat building, consisting of a boiler house and chimney, which was intended to provide heating and ventilation for the Böttcher Building via ducts. These ducts were up to 3.5 meters below ground, with the bottom of the chimney reaching a depth of six meters. An open staircase led to the basement of the boiler house, and to the left and right of the staircase there were openings with cast-iron lids through which the fuel was stored in the underground rooms. This facility was among the most modern of the time. Construction of the boiler house began in April 1875 and was completed with the chimney and an underground connecting duct between the chimney and the laboratory in October 1875. The building itself was constructed in 1877 by the Chemnitz architect Emil Alwin Gottschaldt. When it was connected to the municipal heating supply in 1967, the chimney was removed. A converter station was subsequently integrated into the building. In the course of further renovations from 1996 to 2000, all technical equipment was relocated to the basement area. Since then, it has also served as a station for technical equipment for the supply of heat and electricity.


title: Chemnitz University of Technology

text: The hall complex of the technology center, where research has been carried out since August 2015, was expanded with a state-of-the-art laboratory in October 2020. The Free State of Saxony invested around 14.5 million euros in this project, with the largest part coming from the European Regional Development Fund. In addition to highly specialized laboratory rooms, this second construction phase also offers office, practical, and meeting rooms, among other things. The new building directly adjoins the south facade of the Technology Center. The two buildings are connected on the first floor and second floor. These floors house the laboratories, where fundamental issues in lightweight construction research along the value chain from the molecule to the complex component are now clarified and subsequently tested in terms of production technology in the adjacent Technology Center. In addition, the laboratory building offers space for research and development technologies, including additive manufacturing, as well as state-of-the-art equipment in the field of testing technology.


title: John Mullanphy

text: John Mullanphy was born near Enniskillen, County Fermanagh around the year 1758. Raised by his uncle Bryan Mullanphy after his father's second marriage, at age twenty he joined the Irish Brigade of the French Army as an ensign. The brigade dispersed after the execution of Louis XVI, and Mullanphy returned to Ireland. In 1789, he married sixteen-year-old Elizabeth Browne of Youghal, County Waterford. He and his wife along with their first child, Ellen, sailed for Philadelphia arriving in 1792 where they remained for one year, and then moved to Baltimore for five years. While in Baltimore Mullanphy became a friend of John Carroll, the first Catholic bishop in America. The Mullanphy family next moved to Frankfort, Kentucky in 1798 where John opened a bookstore and general merchandise store. In 1802 he built a sailing brig on the Kentucky River at Frankfort, loaded it with produce and sent it to the West Indies under the command of a Captain Watson from Philadelphia. It made several successful trips until it was lost in a gale in 1803 or 1804. While in Frankfort Mullanphy became friends with Charles Gratiot, a merchant and fur trader who suggested Mullanphy move his family to the French frontier village of St. Louis, which he did in 1804.


title: Riverdale, Bronx

text: Early in its residential development, Riverdale was a 19th-century estate district where many of Manhattan's moguls built their country estates; for example, in northern Riverdale, what is now Fieldston was part of the estate of Major Joseph Delafield, who purchased 250 acres (100 ha) in 1829, and named it after his family's estate in England. At the turn of the century, the new popularity of railroad commutes enabled wealthy businessmen to make Riverdale their year-round residence. Fieldston, owned by a private association, is a particularly intact example of a turn-of-the-century upper-class suburb. The Hudson Hill neighborhood retains many historic mansions. Riverdale's elite private schools and historic churches also reflect this past. Development of the neighborhood began in the latter half of the 19th century once the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad came through. The tracks originally crossed Spuyten Duyvil Creek and into Manhattan on the west side, but Cornelius Vanderbilt wanted to consolidate his railroad operations into one terminal. He had tracks laid along the north side of the Harlem River so that trains coming south from Albany could join with the Harlem and New Haven lines and come into Manhattan down the Park Avenue main line, along modern-day Park Avenue, into his new Grand Central Depot. This is the route still used by the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line.


title: Riverdale, Bronx

text: The Delafield family laid out lots in Fieldston in 1909 – the year after the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line (present-day 1 train) was extended to Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street, intending to develop the land, which at first was called "Delafield Woods". Rather than use a grid plan, civil engineer Albert E. Wheeler, following the suggestions made by Frederick Law Olmsted and James R. Croes in 1876, designed a street plan which followed the contours of the land and preserved as much of the wooded areas as possible. The first house was begun in 1910 and finished in 1911; by the beginning of the 21st century, Fieldston, a privately owned community, was one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in New York City. Leland Weintraub, the commissioner who moved for the district's creation, noted that "most of the features commonly associated with the American romantic suburb of the mid-19th century", including "a picturesque site, landscaping and architecture; connection to the city by accessible transportation and a layout adapted to the topography" are present in the area.


title: Mike Waywell

text: A product of the Sale Sharks academy, Mike began his career by playing academy rugby for Sale as well as lower league club rugby for Preston Grasshoppers and Altrincham Kersal before being signed by Fylde part way through the 2007–08 season. While playing for Fylde, Mike was part of a squad that won three consecutive Lancashire Cup titles as well as gaining promotion to National League 1 by becoming National League 2 North champions in 2010-11 playing alongside former England legend Jason Robinson. While at Fylde Mike proved to be a highly versatile and valuable player scoring both tries and being a reliable points kicker with 362 points scored in his 5+1⁄2 seasons spent with the club. It was his performances for Fylde which led to Mike being called up by the Lancashire county team which he helped to win the prestigious Bill Beaumont in 2010 - a feat which also saw him be awarded the Lancashire Young Player of the Year. Further good performances for Fylde meant that Mike was also selected for the England Counties XV in 2012, playing an Irish Clubs XV in Preston.


title: M.C. Mini Masters

text: Changes continued in 2009 as Congo River in Kenosha, Wisconsin closed and was demolished so an automobile dealership could be built in its place. Congo River had hosted the opening round of the tournament every year since its inception. Their closing left Kenosha's Action Territory as the only course to be included in every installment of the M.C. Mini Masters. Replacing Congo River was Sisolak's West; the course, which had been shuttered since 2004, reopened under new ownership, but was only able to prepare one 18-hole course in time for the tournament. Tom Schweiss won the 2009 installment of the tournament to become only the second competitor to win back-to-back titles. Schweiss's three career titles to that point were also second-most all-time (tied with Matthew Cullen), trailing only Michael Cullen's six. In 2011, tournament founder Mick Cullen stepped down as director, ceding control of the event to Michael and Matthew Cullen. Mick went on to win the 2011 edition of the tournament with a record low total of 236 (34 under par), taking his second Mini Masters title. Mick repeated in 2012 to become just the third back-to-back winner in tournament history.


title: Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum

text: He recognised the sociocultural challenges of Ebola, trying to encourage hospitals improve their infection control and community engagement. He worked with David L. Heymann on the Ebola outbreak in 1995. He was called by the director of the Kikwit General Hospital who was asking for help with an outbreak of deadly diarrhea. When Muyembe arrived, he recognised it was Ebola, and sent samples for confirmation at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. He has chaired the international committees that looked to control the Ebola outbreaks in Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He leads research into the reservoirs of the Ebola virus in the DRC. In 2009, he demonstrated that the Ebola outbreaks in the DRC were due to fruit bat exposure. He has developed an anti-Ebola serum therapy . The anti-Ebola serum therapy, using antibodies from convalescent patients, was first tried by another medical team during the 1976 outbreak in Yambuku and subsequently recommended for future outbreaks by the International Commission set up by the Government of DRC (formerly Zaïre).


title: Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum

text: In 2015, he was awarded the Christophe Mérieux Prize to study further research in the Congo Basin. That year he was awarded the Royal Society Africa Prize "for his seminal work on viral haemorrhagic fevers, including Ebola, generating the foundation of our understanding of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and control of outbreaks of these viral infections". He was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2015 International Symposium on Filoviruses. He was named as one of Nature's 10 in 2018 and 2019. In 2019 he won the Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize from the Government of Japan. Muyembe was included in Time's 100 Most Influential People of 2020. In 2022, Harvard University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Science. In 2023, he is awarded 2023 WHO Director General's Global Leaders Awards as a distinguished scientist and public health leader who was closely involved in the discovery of Ebola before advancing to leadership positions in global health. The award honours his lifetime achievements in public health.


title: In Between the Sheets

text: Some critics acclaimed In Between the Sheets while others did not. In The Times, Caroline Moorehead asked in her headline, "Who Else But Ian McEwan Would Put a Lover in Ape's Clothing?" In The New York Review of Books, Robert Towers praised McEwan's "quiet, precise, sensual touch," calling him "a writer in full control of his materials" and describing his England as a "flat, rubble-strewn wasteland, populated by freaks and monsters, most of them articulate enough to tell their own stories with mesmerizing narrative power and an unfaltering instinct for the perfect, sickening detail." In the Washington Post, Terence March described McEwan's prose as "clear as a windowpane," and ranked the author as "a gifted storyteller and possibly the best British writer to appear in a decade or more." Hermione Lee of New Statesman referred to the stories as "seven elegantly gruesome accounts of derelict and perverted lives cannot be dismissed after the first frisson: their peculiar images of pain and loss seem, retrospectively, to grow in depth."


title: In Between the Sheets

text: A year later, again in The New York Review of Books, writer and critic V.S. Pritchett gave a good sense of the stories' impact: "Ian McEwan has been recognized as an arresting new talent in the youngest generation of English short story writers. His subject matter is often squalid and sickening; his imagination has a painful preoccupation with the adolescent secrets of sexual aberration and fantasy. But in his accomplishment as a story writer he is an immediate master of styles and structures, his writing transfigures, and he can command variety in subject and feeling. His intellectual resources enable him—and the reader—to open windows in a claustrophobia which otherwise would have left us flinching and no more. Invention, irony, humor, a gift for satirical parody and curiosity give him the artist's initiative. We do recognize an underworld—for that is what it is—and it is natural that he has evoked an, albeit distant, connection with Beckett and Kafka. His limitation is that his range of felt experience is confined to his love of his disgusts."


title: Operation Doomsday

text: Either of the two 'Rankin' scenarios would be difficult for Thorne to accomplish however, as the troops allocated to Force 134 were meagre; from late 1943 onwards the majority of military resources were dedicated to the campaign in north-west Europe. In September 1944 Thorne was even deprived of 52nd Lowland Division, which was attached to the 1st Allied Airborne Army by the War Office and earmarked for Operation Market Garden. Instead Thorne was later given the 1st Airborne Division, under the command of Major General Roy Urquhart. However, owing to the heavy casualties the division had suffered during Market Garden it would not be combat ready until 1 May 1945 after being heavily reinforced. In order to bolster his forces, Thorne would therefore have to rely on Milorg, the Norwegian Resistance. The Allied civil affairs planners maintained very close contact with the Norwegian Government in exile which was based in London as well as Milorg. As a result, by the end of the war Milorg had been preparing for the arrival of an Allied force for some time; its 40,000 members were well-armed and trained, and led by more than 100 Special Operations Executive agents parachuted into Norway, and it was prepared to prevent any sabotage of key communication centres and other important facilities by German troops if they resisted the Allied forces.


title: Operation Doomsday

text: By early May 1945, 1st Airborne Division had been brought up to strength, albeit mainly with inexperienced replacements. 4th Parachute Brigade had been disbanded and its battalions merged with those of 1st Parachute Brigade in the aftermath of the Battle of Arnhem. It was replaced by 1st Independent Polish Parachute Brigade. The Norwegian Parachute Company was also attached to the 1st Airborne Division. However, on 4 May, Urquhart was ordered to despatch 1st Independent Polish Brigade to Dunkirk, and to detach 1st Parachute Brigade from the division; one of the brigade's battalions would immediately be transported to Denmark for occupation duties, with the rest of the Brigade remaining in Britain as a reserve formation. At the same time the rest of the division was warned that it would soon be transported by air to Norway as part of the occupation force, with the Special Air Service Brigade being temporarily attached to the division to replace 1st Parachute Brigade. Urquhart informed Thorne that the division could be ready for deployment in 48 hours, far less time than Thorne and his staff had expected. When it entered Norway, the division would be responsible for maintaining law and order in the areas it occupied, ensuring that German units followed the terms of their surrender, securing and then protecting captured airfields, and finally preventing the sabotage of essential military and civilian structures. To achieve this, the division would be formed of three brigades: 1st Airlanding Brigade, Special Air Service Brigade and an ad hoc Artillery Brigade formed from divisional troops.


title: Operation Doomsday

text: 1st Airlanding Brigade would land near to the Norwegian capital, Oslo, and occupy the city alongside other elements of Force 134. The brigade's commander, Brigadier R. H. Bower, would become Commander, Oslo area for the duration of the division's time in Norway. Oslo was chosen because it was the Norwegian capital, as well as being the centre of Norwegian and German administration. Similarly, the Artillery Brigade would land at Stavanger and its commanding officer Brigadier R.G. Loder-Symonds would become Commander, Stavanger area. Stavanger was the closest airfield to Britain, and would also be useful as a fighter base. Finally, Special Air Service Brigade would also land in Stavanger, from where it would advance to and occupy the area around Kristiansand. This was an important port from which the Royal Navy would sweep the surrounding waters for mines. The division's operations would be divided into four phases over four consecutive days. On 8 May, fifteen transport aircraft would carry advance parties to airfields at Gardermoen, near Oslo, and Sola airfield by Stavanger; this was to be completed by the evening. The second phase, on 9 May, would see seventy Handley Page Halifaxes transport 1st Airlanding Brigade and elements of Headquarters 1st Airborne Division to both airfields, and another seventy-six C-47 Dakotas land the Artillery Brigade at Sola. On 10 May, the third phase would see Special Air Service Brigade land at Sola, and finally stores and vehicles would be landed at both airfields on 11 May. Before the division began to land in Norway, specially selected Allied representatives known as 'Heralds' would accompany German diplomatic delegates to Norway; only when they signaled that the airfields were clear to land on would the first transport aircraft take off from Britain.


title: Operation Doomsday

text: German forces had started gradual withdrawal to northernmost Finland in early September 1944 in Operation Birke. As the value of Petsamo region had decreased, the Germans decided in early October 1944 to abandon Finland and most of northern Norway and had begun Operation Nordlicht (Northern Light), a retreat into prepared positions in Lyngen Municipalityf in northern Norway. Operation Nordlicht had come to an end at the beginning of January 1945, with only a few miles of Finnish territory remaining in German hands, and several isolated garrisons in Norwegian Finnmark. Soviet forces occupied eastern Finnmark, and the USSR asked that Western Allied forces be landed to support them. Only a single company of Norwegian mountain infantry could be spared for this duty, though the British and Norwegian governments provided food supplies for the civilian population in the area. Due to the failure of the recent offensive in the Ardennes and the fact that several new types of U-boat were ready to be deployed, the German positions in Norway became of great value to Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz, Commander-in-Chief of the Naval High Command as a way to continue submarine warfare against the Allies. They also were to Adolf Hitler, who denied requests from General Heinz Guderian that divisions should be withdrawn from Norway for use in the defence of Germany, and from Böhme in March that northern Norway should be abandoned and that construction of submarine pens should come to a halt due to lack of materials. He feared that any withdrawal might tempt neutral Sweden to enter the war in support of the Allies, and that any withdrawal from northern Norway would endanger U-boat bases in the southern parts of the country. Until the last days of the war, Dönitz believed that Norway should be kept in order to deploy submarines against Allied vessels, and on 3 May the Kriegsmarine Naval Warfare Command informed U-boat staff that even if Germany itself were occupied, submarines would still sail from Norway. Only on 4 May were orders issued by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht that all German troops in Norway were to avoid actions that might provoke Allied forces.


title: Operation Doomsday

text: In May 1945, all German troops in Norway came under the command of the Twentieth Mountain Army, which had absorbed the Army Norway on 18 December 1944. It was commanded by General Franz Böhme, who had succeeded General Lothar Rendulic as Armed Forces Commander, Norway in January 1945. At the beginning of May, Böhme informed Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz, Commander-in-Chief of the Naval High Command and the new German President, with the death of Adolf Hitler, that all forces in Norway consisted of eleven divisions and five brigades. In total, they had a combined strength of between 350,000 and 380,000 troops. There were also a number of U-boats stationed in naval bases in Norway, including 10 Mark XXI and 17 Mark XXIII models. Yet although Allied forces had entered Germany, and rumours and speculation were rife about a possible invasion of Norway, the Twentieth Mountain Army almost seemed to be at a peace-time status; Böhme had complained in January that there were some units in the Army that took Sunday off as a holiday, and that he could do little to stop it. With only some 30,000 Allied troops on hand, the surrender of Norway to Allied forces was not immediately accepted by General Montgomery, and would instead be accomplished through preliminary persuasion and negotiation from Sir Andrew Thorne.


title: Operation Doomsday

text: Although the first phase of the operation had been scheduled for 8 May, no word was received from the 'Heralds' and so Doomsday was postponed by twenty-four hours. Contact was successfully established on 9 May and the first units of Force 134 arrived in Norway to begin their occupation, including the first elements of 1st Airborne Division and the Norwegian Parachute Company. All but one of the transport aircraft belonging to the first phase took off and landed in Norway without incident. Phase II was accelerated to compensate for the delay, with aircraft scheduled to leave Britain between 02:00 and 13:30. Unfortunately, after approximately 07:00 poor weather over Oslo caused many transport aircraft heading for the airfield there to return to Britain, although all of those destined for Stavanger landed successfully. Several crash-landed, and one was reported missing. The remaining aircraft took off again on 11 May, with one crashing on takeoff and another going missing; of the two missing aircraft, one landed at another airfield in Norway, but the other had crashed killing all of its occupants, including Air Vice-Marshal James Scarlett-Streatfeild. The aircraft belonging to the next two phases suffered no more casualties, although a number of them were again delayed by inclement weather over the Norwegian airfields. 1st Airborne Division suffered one officer and thirty-three other ranks killed, and one other rank wounded, and the Royal Air Force six killed and seven injured. All of these losses had occurred after the general surrender had been declared.


title: Operation Doomsday

text: Until the arrival of other units from Force 134, as well as the Headquarters of Allied Forces, Norway, Major General Urquhart and his headquarters staff had complete control over all Norwegian activities. This meant that it was Urquhart who welcomed Crown Prince Olaf of Norway and three ministers representing the Norwegian Government when they arrived on a Royal Navy cruiser, and the division also took part in the celebrations when King Haakon VII of Norway returned to his country from exile. Other duties for the division included rounding up war criminals, ensuring that German troops were confined to their camps and reservations and, with Royal Engineer assistance, clearing buildings of mines and other boobytraps. They were also given the responsibility of assisting Allied personnel who had, until the German surrender, been prisoners of war in Norway, a large number of whom were Russian. There were more than 80,000 Russian ex-prisoners of war, and many needed medical treatment because of the inhumane conditions of the camps in which they had been imprisoned. When a parade was held in late June to celebrate the Allied liberation, many of the Russians participated, wearing uniforms with Red Star badges they had made themselves. During the division's time in Norway, some 400 paratroopers under the command of Major Frederick Gough were temporarily transferred to the Netherlands, where they helped take part in Theirs Is the Glory, a documentary about the Battle of Arnhem.


title: Operation Doomsday

text: The Norwegian resistance co-operated fully with 1st Airborne Division, often providing liaisons and performing guard duties, and the Norwegian population as a whole gave a warm welcome to the airborne troops. British forces were initially only in control of Oslo, Stavanger and Kristiansand with the resistance and, less commonly, local Norwegian authorities taking control of the rest of the country from the Germans. The resistance also helped the division discover the fate of 1st Airborne Division troops assigned to Operation Freshman, a failed attempt in November 1942 to sabotage the Norsk Hydro chemical plant at Vemork, which produced heavy water for Nazi Germany's atomic weapons programme. Two gliders had been assigned to the operation, and both had crash-landed after being released by the aircraft towing them. The men who survived the crashes were executed shortly after being captured. Although the local Norwegian population could not prevent the prisoners being executed, they later recovered their remains and reinterred them in marked graves. When it arrived, 1st Airborne Division was informed of the fate of the operation and cooperated with the Norwegian government to have a memorial erected and the fallen men buried with full military honours at Stavanger and Oslo.


title: Kashtiliash IV

text: Tukulti-Ninurta petitioned the god Šamaš before beginning his counter offensive. Kaštiliašu was captured, single-handed by Tukulti-Ninurta according to his account, who "trod with my feet upon his lordly neck as though it were a footstool" and deported him ignominiously in chains to Assyria. The victorious Assyrian demolished the walls of Babylon, massacred many of the inhabitants, pillaged and plundered his way across the city to the Esagila temple, where he made off with the statue of Marduk. He then proclaimed himself "king of Karduniash, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of Sippar and Babylon, king of Tilmun and Meluhha." Middle Assyrian texts recovered at modern Tell Sheikh Hamad, ancient Dūr-Katlimmu, which was the regional capital of the vassal Ḫanigalbat, include a letter from Tukulti-Ninurta to his grand vizier, Aššur-iddin advising him of the approach of Šulman-mušabši escorting a Babylonian king, who may have been Kaštiliašu, his wife, and his retinue which incorporated a large number of women, on his way to exile after his defeat. The journey to Dūr-Katlimmu seems to have traveled via Jezireh.


title: Oscar Asche

text: On 25 March 1893 Asche made his first appearance on the stage, at the Opera Comique Theatre, London, as Roberts in Man and Woman. He then joined the F. R. Benson Company and for eight years gained experience an actor. Among other venues, they played at the summer Stratford festivals. He started with small parts and was eventually cast as Charles the Wrestler in As You Like It, being well suited because of his excellent physique. His other early roles included Biondello in The Taming of the Shrew. He was paid a salary of £2 10s. a week, but his father had been involved in a financial crisis and was unable to send him any allowance. At holiday times when he had no salary, Asche sometimes slept on the Thames Embankment and was glad to earn trifling tips for calling cabs. His salary was raised to £4 a week, and he was never in such straits again. Asche played more than a hundred roles with Benson's company including Brutus, Claudius and other important Shakespearian parts. His resonant voice and his dignified, formal bearing are often mentioned in the reviews of his performances. He was a good athlete and a fair cricketer. He said that he owed his place in Benson's company as much to his cricketing as to his acting abilities: the Benson company fielded a cricket team wherever it toured in the summer months.