text: During a period of heightened tensions with the United States, North Korea successfully tested its first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), named Hwasong-14, in July 2017. In response to heightened North Korean rhetoric, Trump warned that any North Korean attack "will be met with fire, fury and frankly, power, the likes of which the world has never seen before". In response, North Korea announced that it was considering a missile test in which the missiles would land near the US territory of Guam. North Korea tested what some sources argued may have been its first hydrogen bomb on September 3. The test was internationally condemned, and further economic sanctions were put on North Korea. The United States also added North Korea back to its State Sponsors of Terrorism list after nine years. On November 28, North Korea launched the Hwasong-15, which, according to analysts, would be capable of reaching anywhere in the United States. The United Nations responded by placing further sanctions on the country. After North Korea claimed that the missile was capable of "carrying super-heavy warhead and hitting the whole mainland of the U.S.", Kim Jong Un announced that they had "finally realized the great historic cause of completing the state nuclear force", putting them in a position of strength to push the United States into talks.


title: 2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit

text: In his New Year address of 2018, North Korean chairman Kim Jong Un celebrated completing the countries' nuclear capabilities and proposed talks for sending a delegation to the upcoming Winter Olympics in South Korea. In January a false missile alert alarmed Hawaii. The Seoul–Pyongyang hotline was reopened after almost two years. North Korea sent an unprecedentedly high-authority delegation, headed by Kim Yo-jong, sister of Kim Jong Un, and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong-nam, and including performers like the Samjiyon Orchestra. The delegation passed on an invitation to President Moon to visit North Korea. The United States was represented by Vice President Mike Pence. After arriving late to a dinner hosted by President Moon, he was asked to greet the other dignitaries, but he shook hands with everyone except Kim Yong-nam and left early. North and South Korean athletes marched together in the Olympics opening ceremony and fielded a united women's ice hockey team.


text: During President Donald Trump's meeting with North Korea envoy, the former spy chief Kim Yong-chol at the White House, Trump said that he would choose the "denuclearization process" in North Korea. The nuclear warheads and the ICBM nuclear missiles completed in North Korea could be transferred outside of North Korea and economic sanctions on North Korea could be partly alleviated. The next step would be comprehensive inspections on North Korea's nuclear facilities and nuclear ICBM weapons program by IAEA. On July 7, 2018, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, Japanese Foreign Minister Taro Kono and South Korean Foreign Minister Kang Kyung Wha met in Tokyo, where they reaffirmed their unity in urging North Korea to denuclearize as promised. The ministers stressed the need to call on North Korea to take concrete steps toward denuclearization and to keep existing U.N. economic sanctions in place. Ten days later, Donald Trump said there is "no time limit" for North Korea to denuclearize and that there is no need to rush the process.


text: The Voice of America (VOA) reported on July 25 that there is evidence that North Korea has dismantled an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) construction facility near Pyongyang. It was confirmed by analyzing satellite images taken around the March 16 with the latest satellite images in July. It was the investigated place of the factory that the Hwasong-15 ICBM that North Korea test-launched on November 29, 2017, was assembled at this plant and then moved on a transporter-erector-launcher (TEL). Kim Jong Un was at this vehicle factory that was connected to the ICBM assembly factory when he gave the command for the transfer of the TEL carrying the Hwasong-15 ICBM. State Department Spokesperson Heather Nauert announced that the U.S would be looking for DPRK's consent for allowing the Verification process of the denuclearization of North Korea. Heather also added "Verification is obviously something that is paramount. Verification from legitimate groups and done by legitimate countries."


text: On July 24, it was reported that North Korea had begun to dismantle a rocket launching and testing site near Tonchang, an action which Kim had pledged to Trump. South Korean President Moon called the move "a good sign for North Korea's denuclearization". The North Korea monitoring specialist group 38 North found that the Sohae Station, a satellite-launch site in North Korea, was being demolished. Satellite imagery shows that several significant structures were destroyed: a missile-launching stand and a building near a launchpad for satellites. 38 North suggested that it is an essential beginning step towards achieving a commitment made by Kim Jong Un at the June 12 Singapore Summit. On 7 August, there is more progress on Dismantling Facilities at the Sohae Satellite and Missile Launching Station. it entails the demolition of the test stand's concrete foundations, launch pad's gantry tower and pad foundation, etc. While the previous dismantlement of the vertical engine test stand on 23 July, represents a fulfillment of Chairman Kim's arrangement with President Trump conducted publicly during the post-Singapore Summit press conference, activity at the launch pad and concrete foundation appears to go exceeding that pledge. These activities, however, must be viewed cautiously as "principal steps" since neither are presently permanent or irreversible. Concerning 38 North's scrutiny, it would characterize more durable and irreversible actions as there is no identified facility with equivalent capabilities elsewhere in the DPRK.


text: In August, during the ASEAN Regional Forum 2018, North Korea's nuclear program was the critical agenda item. ASEAN forum foreign ministers issued a joint statement calling for a "complete denuclearization" which is the same phrase used in the joint statement issued after the summit, and represents a change from last year's call for a "complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearization". South Korea's Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha has said that she had "considerable" consultations over the issue of the declaration to a formal end of the 1950-53 Korean war with the Chinese and U.S. foreign ministers. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said "everyone can announce a declaration ending the war if they do not want the war to happen again". North Korean Foreign Minister Ri Yong Ho said he was "alarmed" by U.S. insistence on maintaining sanctions until North Korea denuclearizes and what he said was U.S. reluctance to declare a formal end to the Korean War. United States Forces in Korea maintains several nuclear bomber fighters, and DPRK is demanding USA safety guarantee for giving up nuclear weapon programs of Pyongyang.


text: The media source 38 North, an American agency which monitors North Korea, told CNN that only two small roof buildings had been newly erected, which might be used for hospitality roles for senior officials or nuclear inspectors. Other improved infrastructures were already developed before the Trump-Kim Summit. On June 30, NBC reported that, according to an assessment by the U.S. intelligence agencies, North Korea might have increased production of fuel for nuclear weapons at multiple secret sites after the summit, though if the process of enrichment had occurred, it must have begun before the summit. On August 3, experts monitoring U.N. sanctions against North Korea sent a report to the UN Security Council saying North Korea "has not stopped its nuclear and missiles programs" and is still violating sanctions by transferring coal at sea and flouting an arms embargo and financial sanctions. However, North Korean Foreign Minister Ri-Yong Ho said in a privilege speech at the ASEAN summit, that a "good-faith implementation of the Joint Statement (between the USA and DPRK) would be necessary". Referring to this same speech, the North Korea monitoring specialist Group, 38 North, believes that in order to achieve the goal to denuclearize, a scheme of ALL TAKE-NO GIVE will never work with DPRK.


text: The New York Times reported on November 12, 2018 that "satellite images suggest that the North has been engaged in a great deception" by offering to dismantle one missile launch site while continuing to develop sixteen others. The Times reported that American intelligence had determined that North Korea's production of fissile material, nuclear weapons and mobile missile systems had continued since the summit, adding that the missile network was "long known to American intelligence agencies but left undiscussed as President Trump claims to have neutralized the North's nuclear threat." The following day, Trump called the report of North Korea developing missile sites "inaccurate" and "just more fake news," adding "We fully know about the sites being discussed, nothing new." The Times stood by the accuracy of its report. On November 13, 2018, Kim Eui Keum, a spokesman for South Korean President Moon Jae-In, described the report and images as "nothing new" and further stated that North Korea "has never signed any agreement, any negotiation that makes shutting down missile bases mandatory."


title: Raya and Sekina (play)

text: Raya Wa Sekina (Arabic: ريا وسكينة) is an Egyptian musical comedy play. The theatrical production commenced its run in 1980 at the Freedom Theater in Cairo, and then it was performed at Alexandria, Egypt in the summer of 1982, marking a significant departure for renowned artist Shadia, as it was her sole venture into the realm of theater. Despite her initial reservations, she took on a leading role in the play. Then, the play was performed for many years in the 1980s. The play is helmed by director Hussein Kamal, with the script penned by writer Bahgat Kamar, and It starred well-known Egyptian figures such as Shadia, Soher El Bably, Abdel Moneim Madbouly, Ahmad Bedair, Naeem Issa, and Amal Salem. Set against the backdrop of Cairo, the show offered a blend of humor and music, drawing audiences into its narrative. Among the cast, Saeed Saleh took on the role of a radio broadcaster. The play unfolds over the course of three acts, comprising a total of eight scenes. It unfolds over a duration of 3 hours and 50 minutes. Some critics said that the play is based on the 1953 film and true story of two Alexandrian serial killers, directed by Salah Abu Seif.


title: Dwyane Wade

text: After a successful college basketball career with the Marquette Golden Eagles, including leading the team to the Final Four in 2003, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by the Heat. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, he led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the "Redeem Team", in scoring and helped them capture the gold medal. In the 2008–09 season, Wade led the league in both total points (2,386) and points per game (30.2), the latter stat earning him his lone NBA scoring title. Wade was selected as the NBA All-Star Game MVP in 2010. With LeBron James and Chris Bosh, he helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014, and won back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013. In July 2016, Wade briefly left Miami to play for the Chicago Bulls and the Cleveland Cavaliers for a season and a half before being traded back to Miami in February 2018 where he finished his playing career and retired in 2019. The Heat retired Wade's #3 jersey in 2020. He purchased a minority ownership stake in the Utah Jazz in 2021 and became a minority stakeholder of the WNBA's Chicago Sky in 2023. In October 2021, Wade was honored as one of the league's greatest players of all time by being named to the NBA 75th Anniversary Team. In 2023, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.


title: Dwyane Wade

text: After the All-Star break, Wade recorded 50 points on 56.6% shooting along with 5 rebounds and 5 assists during a blow-out loss to the Orlando Magic; making him the fourth in NBA history to score at least 50 points in a game that his team lost by at least 20. In the next game, Wade recorded a career-high 16 assists and added 31 points and seven rebounds. Wade became the second player to record 15 or more assists after scoring 50-plus points since Wilt Chamberlain. Two games later, Wade tied a franchise record, scoring 24 points in the final quarter to secure a 120–115 win over the New York Knicks. For the game, Wade recorded 46 points on 55% field goal shooting, plus 10 assists, eight rebounds, four steals, and three blocked shots. In the next game, he scored 40 points against the Cleveland Cavaliers. Wade put up 41 points on 53% shooting along with 9 assists, seven steals, seven rebounds, and a block in the 107–100 loss. The following game, Wade tied his career-high with 16 assists and added 35 points on 62% shooting, six rebounds, plus a steal and a block, as the Heat beat the Phoenix Suns 135–129. Wade became the only player in Heat history to have multiple games with 30-plus points and 15 or more assists. Less than a week later, Wade hit the buzzer-beater and tied his earlier franchise record with his 78th straight double-digit scoring game in double-overtime against the Chicago Bulls. Wade finished the game with 48 points on 71.4% shooting, 12 assists, six rebounds, four steals, and three blocks in 50 minutes of play. Wade joined Chamberlain as the only players in NBA history to record that many points and that many assists in a single game while having as high of a field goal percentage. Two games later, Wade surpassed Alonzo Mourning to become the Heat's all-time leading scorer in triple overtime versus the Utah Jazz. Wade finished that 140–129 victory with 50 points to go along with his 10 rebounds, nine assists, four steals, and two blocks.


title: Dwyane Wade

text: Wade became the only player to reach 2,000 points, 500 assists, 150 steals, and 100 blocks as well as the only player under 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m) to block upwards of 100 shots in a single season. He became the fifth player to accumulate 2,000 points, 500 assists, and 150 steals in a season. Wade helped the Heat clinch a playoff berth and become only the second team to make the postseason after winning 15 or fewer games the season before. In a 122–105 victory over the New York Knicks, Wade recorded a career-high 55 points on 63% field goal shooting and added nine rebounds and four assists. Wade recorded 50 points in only three quarters and was pulled out of the game, one point shy of eclipsing Glen Rice's 56-point franchise record. Wade averaged a league-leading 30.2 points for his first NBA scoring title. He added 7.5 assists, 5 rebounds, 2.2 steals, and 1.3 blocks. Wade wrapped up the season with higher point, assist, steal, and block averages than James and Kobe Bryant, both of whom finished ahead of Wade in the MVP race.


title: Dwyane Wade

text: Wade has been featured in magazine articles and publications. In 2005, he was featured on People's 50 Most Beautiful People. The following year, Wade was named the NBA's best-dressed player by GQ. In 2007, Esquire named him to their fourth annual Best Dressed Men in the World list for the second straight year. Wade's endorsement deals included Gatorade, Lincoln, Staples, Sean John, T-Mobile (his TV commercials paired him with Charles Barkley), and Topps. He had his own line of shoes with Converse named "The Wade" and a series of Sidekick phones known as the D-Wade Edition with T-Mobile. During the 2009–10 season, Wade switched from Converse to Nike's Jordan Brand. He was chosen by Jordan and debuted the Air Jordan 2010 during the 2010 NBA All-Star break. During the 2011 NBA playoffs, Wade debuted his first signature shoe for the Jordan Brand, joining Anthony and Chris Paul, who had their own signature shoes. After his Jordan Brand contract expired in 2012, Wade signed with the Chinese athletic brand Li-Ning. Wade was included in Time's list of the 100 most influential people of 2020. In April 2021, Wade became a minority owner of the Utah Jazz. In October 2021, Wade's oldest son, Zaire Wade got drafted by the Salt Lake City Stars, which is the NBA G League affiliate of the Jazz.


title: Jovan Divjak

text: Divjak, as an ethnic Serb, was made a general in order to present a multiethnic character of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He himself commented on the issue by saying that he felt like a "flower arrangement" and said that "of course, someone has to be a flower arrangement too". He expressed that it was shameful if his service to the army were only temporary. Indeed, he and Stjepan Šiber (as a Croat) were the only non-Bosniaks in the general staff. Both of them were offered retirement in March 1996 by the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović. At the beginning of the war, out of 18 percent of Croats and 12 percent of Serbs, only one percent of both remained in the ranks of the Bosnian army. Divjak complained about that to Rasim Delić, then a Chief of Staff, as well as Izetbegović, but it was explained that it was because "Bosniak soldiers didn't trust the Serb commanders." Divjak was later excluded by Delić from the decision making process in the Army. The Bosniaks in the Army allegedly had no confidence in Serb commanders according to Oslobođenje.


title: Battle of Cassano (1799)

text: On the same date, Bagration, following a mountain gorge, at 8 o'clock in the morning met a small advanced French unit 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Lecco, overturned it and approached the city, occupied by 4 battalions, 1 squadron (108th demi-brigade) under the command of Brigadier General Soyez; on the right bank of the Adda, opposite the bridge dismantled by the French, there were 6 guns on the heights. The Cossacks surrounded the stone-fortified city; a company with 2 licornes was placed against the bridge. Bagration divided the rest of the forces into 3 columns; one went straight to the city, the other bypassed, and the 3rd remained in reserve. The first two columns broke into the city, reached the square, but here they met stubborn resistance; Bagration brought a reserve into action and drove out the French, who, having left the city, scattered thick chains of chasseurs over the surrounding mountains and vineyards. From the heights, they noticed the numerical insignificance of the Russian detachment, went on the offensive, drove the Russians out of the city and began to bypass them with mountains on the right in order to cut off the retreat along the gorge. Bagration also covered himself with a dense chain of jaegers and dismounted Cossacks, sending to Rosenberg to ask for help.


title: Battle of Cassano (1799)

text: and left Bagration to finish the job, which he had begun so successfully. The arriving battalion stopped the detour movement of the French; soon 2 battalions approached with the head of the division, Povalo-Shveikovsky, and the city was again occupied by the Russians; the French cavalry, crashing into the Russian column, was slaughtered. Meanwhile, the French, standing on the right bank of the Adda, began to cross in boats between Olginate and Brivio, to the rear of the Russian troops. Due to the difficulty of moving along the gorge road, the Russian artillery was left under the cover of a battalion (Baranovsky); the artillery met the French troops, and General Shveikovsky himself rushed there; the French were overwhelmed. The battle lasted 12 hours, from 8 am to 8 pm. The French fought hard, but left 100 prisoners behind, the number of killed and wounded is unknown; the Russians lost 385 men KIA or WIA; Bagration was among the wounded. It was impossible to start the crossing on the same day. However, the Russians managed to seize the bridge.


title: Battle of Cassano (1799)

text: It was already tough for the French to rectify the situation: the Russians and Austrians surreptitiously pass through Adda in the centre of the French position near San Gervasio, in a places considered unsuitable for crossing. A number of jaegers and volunteers from Nádasdy battalion crossed by boat and occupied the right bank to secure the bridge. They started putting in pontoons; the work was done in perfect silence, and by daybreak the bridge was ready. Only in the morning did the French battalion notice its blunder, but it was too late: 6 companies of d'Aspré's jaegers and several Cossack sotnias crossed the bridge, followed by Ott's division, then Denisov, Molchanov, and Grekov Cossack regiments that arrived very quickly from Lecco; at last Zopf's division also moved. The Cossack regiment of Denisov overtook the French battalion from the rear; pursued by Ott's head battalions, it had barely time to retreat. Suvorov was at this point crossing the river with might and main across the Trezzo sull'Adda Bridge and its vicinity. At the same time Allied forces crossed at Brivio; but, nevertheless, Moreau gave orders for the immediate concentration of forces. Grenier and Victor were bringing troops from the south. General of the Cavalry Melas having the divisions of Fröhlich and Kaim would storm the French positions at Cassano in the afternoon: the eastern bank of the river was held by the French demi-brigade, to the aid of which Victor already rushed.


title: Battle of Cassano (1799)

text: According to some archival documents, it can be assumed that Suvorov himself was at Vaprio and hurried the crossing. He was able to concentrate around 20,000 soldiers there, while Moreau concentrated 15,000; Moreau had no doubt that the main Coalition's attack was under way here; he rode to the battlefield and almost fell into the hands of the Cossacks, who had already reached Inzago. Grenier was ordered to take position between Vaprio and Pozzo d'Adda. Approaching Vaprio with 1 brigade, Grenier stopped Ott's advance, who had so far only 4 battalions, 4 squadrons and several Cossack sotnias. It was François Quesnel's brigade. The Allies attacked the French several times, but without success; the French held the excellent terrain for defence, as the village of Vaprio itself was very advantageous for the infantry. The neighborhood was close country and mostly planted with vines, while the highway from Milan had on either side high banks built up with stones collected from the fields, like a natural parapet. The French posted themselves behind it, whereas Grenier was approached by the 2nd brigade under Georges Kister; he had 9 battalions and 8 squadrons assembled and took the offensive. The French now had a strong numerical superiority. Grenier beat the Austrians out of their grip on Vaprio. He began to dislodge Ott's division from the front, threatening its right flank at the same time. Chasteler rushed to the aid with 2 battalions of Zopf's division and 2 squadrons, but even this support could not stop the French, and one of the approaching battalions (Stentsch) was mauled up by French cavalry. This is where Denisov's Cossacks (all three Cossack regiments under his command) and Austrian hussars charged from the left of the French and halted their advance; joining together, the Cossacks and hussars broke into the ranks of the French infantry, forcing it to retreat towards Pozzo. At this time the French were approaching from Milan by 24th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment (under the direction of Nicolas Beker): the Cossacks attacked it, overturned, and pursued as far as Gorgonzola, capturing many prisoners.


title: Battle of Cassano (1799)

text: After a fierce battle both villages were taken. The combat of Vaprio was supervised directly by Suvorov himself. At the end there were about 11,000 Austrians and Cossacks versus 7,000 French. It cannot be said that the outcome of the combat of Vaprio could have been the only outcome: the timely arrival of Sérurier's 3,000, Victor's 6,000 (2,000 he could abandon in Cassano d'Adda on the way), would be 16,000 French, led by skilful Moreau, against 11,000 of the enemy. This situation of the combat at Vaprio can be explained by the vigorous frontal attack of Melas' troops at Cassano; probably, this attack was conducted with the purpose of contributing to the allied success at Vaprio or, after the capture of Cassano, to move to the Grenier's rear, or to divert part of the French troops from that battlefield. Perhaps the sluggishness of the morning Melas' actions allowed Moreau to leave in Cassano bridgehead only 106th demi-brigade, which shows at the same time Moreau's eyesight. The attack itself at Cassano after 4 o'clock in the afternoon was conducted by Melas' troops excellently: the preparation by fire of 30-gun battery is instructive, and then a decisive blow up to the occupation of the town of Cassano. Once the Austrians had secured the villages of Vaprio and Pozzo, Moreau, seeing that Victor was not approaching, and hearing the cannonade in the rear, from Cassano, orders Grenier to retreat and take a new position between Cassano and Inzago. However, it was too late. The pre-bridge fortification in front of Cassano was just under a high pressure. The French 106th demi-brigade of Jean Roussel, supported by a brigade of Victor's division (which arrived at 4 o'clock in the afternoon; under the command of Argod), held firmly behind the Retorto canal, which covered the front of their position for 5 hours. For most of the day Melas had contented himself with cannonading the French works until Suvorov pushed Melas to take decisive action.


title: Battle of Cassano (1799)

text: Suvorov ordered Melas to capture Cassano at all costs. The Austrians placed 30 guns, built a bridge, rushed to assault the fortification and burst into it so quickly that the French had no time to destroy the bridge over the river and remove the guns while retreating to the right bank of the Adda. Argod was killed. It was Reisky regiment that went to the assault (1,911 men). The Austrians crossed the bridge and found themselves in the rear of the French retreating from Vaprio. The direct road to Milan via Gorgonzola was cut off, the French had to hasten their retreat to Melzo, and parts of Victor's division, which had not had time to join Grenier and Laboissière's troops, were ordered to withdraw to Melegnano. Suvorov's assault forced Moreau to a general retreat. After a continuous hard fighting from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m., both Allied columns were so fatigued that they could not pursue and stopped on the battlefield. The Cossacks followed the retreating French. The winners got 19 guns, a colour and over 2,000 POW with very heavy loss of KIA and WIA among the French; the allies lost over 1,000 men. Reporting to Emperor Paul, Suvorov especially "praised the excellent courage of Don Cossacks", calling their Ataman Denisov "brave warrior". Thus by the evening of April 27 the fate of the battle on the Adda River was decided and the way to Milan was opened. At the same time Vukassovich succeeded in bringing down the enemy at Brivio (it was a small French outpost), and at night passed to the right bank of the Adda; the French barely managed to retreat to Lake Como, and Soyez, still occupying Lecco, seeing that the Russian troops were approaching again, rushed into the mountains and barely escaped, having crossed Como in vessels.


title: Battle of Cassano (1799)

text: Sérurier, exactly following Moreau's orders, halted between Verderio and Paderno d'Adda (he was standing with his back to the Adda), carefully entrenched himself, and remained all the day of the 27th and the night of the 28th of April, awaiting further orders, cut off by Ott from the south and Vukassovich from the north; meanwhile on both sides, at Vaprio and Brivio, the cannonade rang out, and a fierce fight was going on. The fight was over. Moreau retreated, the allies slept on the field of battle; Sérurier remained unnoticed. On the early morning of 28 April, an advance detachment of 1 battalion of Austrians under Prince Rohan and Pozdneev Cossack regiment met a cavalry post on the hill behind Imbersago; Cossacks, advancing toward Paderno, overturned this post and unexpectedly saw a whole detachment of French. Vukassovich, considering it encircled, offered to lay down his arms, but, having received a refusal, led an attack. Rohan advance battalion and Cossacks drove the French out of Paderno, and with the rest of the force Vukassovich bypassed Verderio and attacked the enemy from the rear. The French stubbornly defended at Verderio and even attempted to attack the enemy on the flank, but seeing the approach of Rosenberg's main Russian troops (a mere 17,000 coalition forces), Sérurier decided that further resistance would be reckless and surrendered. Vukassovich trapped 3,000 men at Verderio.


title: Battle of Cassano (1799)

text: In the combats at Lecco, Vaprio, Cassano, and Verderio the French brought into the fray between 18,000 and 18,500 men; they suffered 2,500 killed and wounded, plus 5,000 soldiers, 27 cannon, and 3 colours captured. Losses at Verderio were 300 killed and wounded, plus 2,700 captured. The Austro-Russians lost 2,000 killed and wounded (or 2,500). Another authority gives allied losses as 6,000 and French prisoners as 7,000, without listing French killed and wounded. Perhaps the author included the losses at Verderio in his total. Bodart estimated French losses at 11,000. Another source claims 6,200 Allied losses (Austrians: 3,800 killed and wounded and 1,200 prisoners of war, Russians: 1,200). The figure of 3,800 KIA and WIA almost identical with Carl von Clausewitz's data of around 3,700 Austrians killed and wounded. Clausewitz stated that the numbers of French and Austrians killed and wounded were roughly the same. He does not cited Russian losses and assesses 7,000 French prisoners of war.


title: Teena Willoughby

text: Beginning in 2011, Willoughby started to study the long term effects video games had on childhood development. She co-authored a lab-controlled study with Paul J. C. Adachi titled The effect of video game competition and violence on aggressive behavior: Which characteristic has the greatest influence? The study followed 42 college students as they played Conan Exiles, a violent game, or Fuel, a competitive game, for 12 minutes. They concluded that competitiveness, not violence, in video games may influence aggressive behavior. She collaborated with Adachi again in 2013 to complete a longitudinal, self-report study covering 1,771 high school students over four years. The paper, titled Demolishing the Competition: The Longitudinal Link Between Competitive Video Games, Competitive Gambling, and Aggression, re-affirmed their previous studies results that competition results in aggressive behavior, not violence. Encouraged by their findings, Adachi and Willoughby began to study the effects sports video games had on youth behavior. They found that youths who played sports video games were more likely to join them in real life.


title: Redmi K30

text: The non-Pro models are powered by Qualcomm Snapdragon 700 series SoCs, with the K30 and POCO X2 retaining the K20's Snapdragon 730G and Adreno 618 while the K30 5G and K30i 5G receive the newer Snapdragon 765G and Adreno 620. The K30 5G Speed has the Snapdragon 768G paired with an overclocked version of the Adreno 620. Storage and RAM options have been carried over from the K20 (64, 128 or 256 GB of UFS 2.1 storage and 6 or 8 GB of RAM), and microSD card expansion is now supported up to 256 GB on the K30 and POCO X2. The K30i 5G and K30 5G Speed have a single 6 GB RAM/128 GB UFS configuration. The display is larger than the K20's at 6.67" (169.4mm) and has a wider 20:9 aspect ratio with a 120 Hz refresh rate and HDR10 support. However, it is an LCD as opposed to the AMOLED of the K20, and as a result, the fingerprint sensor is integrated with the power button. The battery is also larger at 4500mAh; fast charging is supported over USB-C up to 27W on the K30 and POCO X2, or up to 30W on the K30 5G & K30i 5G. All devices are pre-installed with MIUI 11, which is based on Android 10. Later, the Redmi K30 series got the update of MIUI 13 with Android 12 but POCO X2 was updated only to MIUI 12.5 for POCO with Android 11 but was planned to update to MIUI 13 for POCO with Android 12.


title: St Martin's Church, Acrise

text: The lower chancel and the nave are both from Norman times, built out of coursed boulder flint and ironstone with Caen dressings. In the chancel, outlines of a south window and a priest's doorway are visible, and a blocked north window is present in the nave. The west doorway dates from the 13th century. The chancel was lengthened circa 1300, and contains a mutilated two-light east window. The large round-headed windows elsewhere in the church are from the 18th century, as is the chequered brick porch. The west bellcote and tired spirelet were remade after 1922. The west buttresses are full-height, and date back to the 19th century. The chancel arch contains impost shafts which die in halfway down, as well as a sharply pointed arch which is made out reused stones carved with 12th-century embattling. The chancel and nave roofs have crown posts. The west gallery is deep, with turned balusters and carved and gilded royal arms of William and Mary. The manorial pew on the south side of the church contains a table dated to 1758, as well as small 18th-century schoolchildren's chairs. The chancel was restored in the 19th century, which is most visible at the east end.


title: Jonathan Townley Crane

text: In 1846, he was stationed as pastor at Hope Township, Warren County, New Jersey, and in 1847 at Belvidere, New Jersey. In 1848–49, he was the pastor at Orange, New Jersey, and in June 1849, was elected principal of the Conference school and seminary at Pennington, New Jersey, the post from which he resigned in 1858 to become pastor of Trinity Church in Jersey City, New Jersey. From 1863 to 1865, he was the pastor of another large and important church, the Methodist Episcopal Church in Morristown, New Jersey. In 1868–72, he was the presiding elder of the Newark, New Jersey district, during which time his son Stephen was born. Crane was a delegate to the General conferences of 1860, 1864, 1868, and 1872 while he was the elder of the Newark and Elizabeth districts . He rejected the mid-19th century Holiness Movement of Christian perfection as unattainable and unreasonable; Crane's opposition subsequently limited his advancement as an administrator in the Methodist Episcopal denomination and drew the wrath of his father-in-law, Bishop George Peck. After his administrative career ended, he returned to parish work, serving at Cross Street Church in Paterson, New Jersey, and then to Drew Methodist Episcopal Church in Port Jervis, New York.


title: Jonathan Townley Crane

text: Crane's literary works traditionally have been used as a foil for his son's urban grittiness, but more recent scholarship posits his writing as a critique of nineteenth century social failures to address problems of poverty, disease, education, and employment. In his "Christ and the Painters", which was published in the Sunday School Times in 1877, he criticized the sentimental piety of contemporary painters who depicted Jesus blessing a clutch of rosy cheeked children; such "specimens of infantile innocence and grace" as were portrayed in these paintings were "perhaps just such a lot of little wretches as the modern traveler in that same region sees crawling out of their mud huts, dirty, unkempt, ragged, or without even a rag, to stare at him with their sore eyes." He rejected his contemporaries overly simplistic sentimentality that desensitized people to the real and abject problems of their fellow beings. The poison of sectionalism, he further explained in Methodism and its Methods, had distracted Christians from the real work of the Gospel, which was living the Word.


title: Bulgarian Action Committees

text: The Bulgarian Action Committees in Macedonia were collaborationist nationalist organizations of Bulgarians in Macedonia during 1941, emboldened by the invasion Yugoslavia by Nazi Germany, determined to end the Yugoslav rule in the region, perceived as oppressive by Macedonian Bulgarians and by the representatives of other communities or political tendencies in Vardar Macedonia. They were also encouraged by the friendly relations between Nazi Germany and Bulgaria, and by the hope that after the German Army swept through the Bulgarian one succeed it. The time of the Bulgarian Action Committees was a time witnessing an acute lack of authority. The Serbs in authority positions had fled most of the region, not afraid of the Germans, but primarily of terror from their local collaborators. The Bulgarian Action Committees, sought to take control of the region for Bulgaria, laying the groundwork for Bulgarian rule. The Executive Committee of the organization was headed by: Stefan Stefanov from Kratovo, president, Spiro Kitinchev from Skopje, vice-president and Vasil Hadzhikimov from Štip (Novo selo), secretary. In Veles Bulgarian Action Committees received the active support by popular communist functionaries as Panko Brashnarov.


title: 2014 Glasgow bin lorry crash

text: The accident occurred in Queen Street at around 14:30 GMT. The 26-tonne vehicle was being driven by 58-year-old Harry Clarke, with two crew members seated in the rear compartment, separated from the front by a railing. While travelling north, Clarke blacked out just after the traffic lights at the Gallery of Modern Art. After mounting the pavement the lorry travelled for 19 seconds, striking pedestrians, initially accelerating to 25 mph (40 km/h) before dropping to 19 mph (31 km/h) and 10 mph (16 km/h) as it struck walls and other street furniture. It came to rest part-way into an alley between the entrance to Glasgow Queen Street railway station and a hotel. The pedestrian collisions resulted in six deaths and a further 15 injuries. The six dead were a family of three from Dumbarton — an 18-year-old woman Erin McQuade and her grandparents Jack Sweeney and Lorraine Sweeney ;— 29-year-old Stephenie Tait from Glasgow, 51-year-old Jacqueline Morton from Glasgow and 52-year-old Gillian Ewing originally from Edinburgh.


title: 2014 Glasgow bin lorry crash

text: The inquiry was adjourned on 28 August, with the Sheriff anticipating reporting his findings by January 2016, although this could be delayed if it were deemed it would be prejudicial to the planned private prosecution. Upon closure the Lord Advocate, Frank Mulholland, reiterated the defence of the decision not to prosecute Clarke for the reasons previously given, explaining that the decision had been based on the fact the Crown would have had to prove Clarke would have known he was unfit to drive, something they doubted could be done based on a number of factors — his four-year history of episode-free driving after the 2010 incident, the fact that First Glasgow's occupational-health doctor had cleared him to drive after the 2010 incident and told him he need not notify the DVLA and the fact that First had given the council an acceptable reference. Citing DVLA procedures, he also pointed out that even if the DVLA had been notified of the 2010 incident "the worst that could have happened" was a maximum 12-month suspension and a return of his licence if there were no further concerns, and that the DVLA had returned Clarke's licence even after the 2014 crash. Based on this lack of evidence, he cast doubt on the prospect of a court granting authority for a private prosecution. The inquiry determined that no reference from First to the council could be found despite a detailed search.


title: Bari Mamatil

text: Bari was born in Fuyun, Xinjiang where both his parents worked for the local Mining Bureau, despite their meagre salary they actively encouraged their sons football development by building a small football pitch for him to train on as well as paying for football lessons. His parents encouragement would see Bari play for the Xinjiang Song Qingling Football School where he was soon scouted by the Xinjiang Men's Football Team to participate in the 2005 National Games of China. After the tournament the local Xinjiang football authority decided to participate in the 2006 professional Chinese football leagues where they entered a team called Xinjiang Sport Lottery in the third tier and used the squad that participated in the 2005 National Games of China. In the 2007 league season Bari was promoted to the senior team and aided the club to a promotion play-off position where they were knocked out in the quarter-finals. The following season saw Xinjiang unable to improve on their previous seasons results and also fail in reaching the 2009 National Games of China, which saw the management decide to disband the team.


title: Bari Mamatil

text: Bari would be scouted by the football coach Wu Jingui during the 2009 National Games of China preliminary's and once he joined top tier club Hangzhou Greentown as their Head coach he would make Bari one of his first signings. He would make his debut on 27 March 2010 against Shandong Luneng where he came on as a substitute for Fan Xiaodong in a league game that ended in a 4-2 defeat. At Hangzhou Greentown Bari would be converted from a striker into a winger and go on to score his goal for the club in a league game against Henan Jianye on 31 October 2010 in a 2-0 victory. In his debut season for the club he would help guide the team to their highest position of fourth within the league and participation in the 2011 Asian Champions League while also going on to score his first continental goal in the opening game of the group stage against Nagoya Grampus scoring in their 2-0 win. On 25 October 2012, Hangzhou Greentown announced that Bari's contract with the club was terminated for disciplinary reasons, predominantly relating to absence and lateness, however Bari would claim he was involved in a contract dispute.


title: UN City

text: The UN City (Danish: FN Byen) is located in Copenhagen, and consists of two campuses that combined house 11 United Nations agencies. The plans for a UN City in Copenhagen were born in 2002, and the location at Marmormolen was selected in 2005. Campus 1 on Marmormolen currently accommodates staff members from all 11 agencies. Campus 2, located by the container port, constitutes UNICEF's new state of the art high bay warehouse and is currently considered to be the world's largest non-food humanitarian warehouse. UN City currently accommodates 2000 employees from 104 different countries, of which 1,700 employees are located in campus 1, making it the sixth largest UN campus measured by the number of staff. The building was designed by Danish architecture firm 3XN, totals 45,000 m2 office space and 7,000 m2 basement and was inaugurated on the 4th of July 2013 by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Her Majesty Margrethe II of Denmark. The building is built with a large focus on sustainability and environmental friendliness, and the calculated energy consumption for the building is less than 50 kWh/m2/year. The building has been awarded with the European Commission's Green Building Award for New Buildings and LEED's Platinum-certificate. The Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs rents UN City to the UN through official development assistance funds.


title: Prison gang

text: Before the rise of large, formal prison gangs, political scientists and researchers found that inmates had already organized around an understood "code" or set of norms. For example, political scientist Gresham Sykes in The Society of Captives, a study based on the New Jersey State Prison, claims that "conformity to, or deviation from, the inmate code is the major basis for classifying and describing the social relations of prisoners". Prisoners achieved a social equilibrium around unwritten rules. The code may include an understanding of prison slang, or prison yard and dining hall territory based on gang membership, rank, race, ethnicity, religion, or crimes committed, or it could simply be loyalty between inmates and against guards. Sykes writes that an inmate may "bind himself to his fellow captives with ties of mutual aid, loyalty, affection, and respect, firmly standing in opposition to the officials." Hostility between wardens and prisoners, restrained freedom, and, some argue, the lack of access to heterosexual relationships shaped prison culture's social, environmental and political dynamics.


title: Prison gang

text: Furthermore, as the prison population grew so did the consumer base for contraband items, not only drugs and weapons but also items that are legal outside of prison but are illegal to trade within prisons, such as money, alcohol, tattoos, etc. Several challenges arose that destabilized the socio-political system of self-enforced cooperation that had existed under the convict code. These new conditions posed complications to consumer-supplier relationships in the already distrustful environment of an underground economy. It became more and more difficult for independent individual suppliers to accommodate this increased demand. Under tight prison security and with limited means, these individual suppliers could only provide a limited amount of product. Their consumer base was too small for them to establish a "brand" or credibility themselves. New consumers would have to buy products of unknown quality and bear the risk of the supplier being an undercover informant and even the possibility that he would not deliver at all.


title: Prison gang

text: The system of governance in prison gangs highlights the unusual mechanisms by which people (or groups of people) with no access to government institutions manage to facilitate exchange and establish property rights within their scope of influence. The emergence of informal governance systems within prison gangs runs parallel to successful systems of trade and control beyond bars. Skarbek uses the example of the illegal narcotics trade in Los Angeles to explain how an alternative system of governance behind bars can lead to successful socioeconomic organization. Focusing on the Mexican Mafia prison gang, Skarbek argues that the mafia holds substantial control within local jail systems which allows it to yield power over drug dealers on the streets. Drug dealers outside the prison walls anticipate future incarceration and thus future interaction with the mafia. Faced with the threat of these future run-ins with the Mafia, drug dealers on the street comply with the current demands of prison gangs in order to secure their own future.


title: Prison gang

text: Discussing the organizational mechanism within prisoner gangs, Skarbek argues that both explicit and implicit rules govern behaviors within these groups. Explicit rules are those that are formally written and structured, while implicit rules are those that are based on the values and norms of each group. Though the use of implicit and explicit rules (to what degree and to address which situations) may vary from group to group, Skarbek maintains that since codifying all rules is costly, prison gangs rely in great part on the existence of implicit rules, with values and norms forming a foundation from where informal governance begins. Other social scientists such as Ellickson , echo similar claims but with key distinctions. Ellickson states that close-knit groups rely heavily on specific norms and informal rules to achieve cooperation and to minimize transaction costs within governance institutions based on property rights. However, while Ellickson's work focuses on non-hierarchical examples, Skarbek's example considers a hierarchical system of prison gangs. Nevertheless, Skarbek maintains that norms that govern small communities can also govern illegal markets such as those operated by prison gangs.


title: Prison gang

text: La Eme or the Mexican Mafia: (Blue) "Eme" is the Spanish name of the letter "M," and it is the 13th letter in the alphabet. The Mexican Mafia is primarily composed of Hispanics; however, there are rarely some White members (or, at least, associates). The Mexican Mafia and the Aryan Brotherhood are allies. They work together to control prostitution, drug-running, weapons, and "hits" or murders. Eme was originally formed in 1956 in the Deuel Vocational Institute by Hispanic prisoners from the southern part of that state. It has traditionally been composed of US-born and US-raised Hispanics with "Sureños" gangs of southern California paying tribute to it. During the 1970s and 1980s, Eme in California established the model of leveraging its power in prison to control and profit from criminal activity on the street. The gang's activities fall into two categories: conventional crimes (distributing drugs, robbery, and murder), and illicit market exchange (protecting property, enforcing agreements, and handling disputes). Members of the Mexican Mafia are recognized by a "black hand" tattoo commonly found across their back, chest, leg, or neck. (photo)


title: Prison gang

text: NorCal Peckerwoods (NCP): A Northern California-based White prison gang that began in San Joaquin County Jail and French Camp Honor Farm in Stockton, California in the mid 1990s. Unlike other White prison gangs who typically align with La EME (The Mexican Mafia) and the Southern California-based Surenos Mexican gang, with the Black Guerilla Family (BGF) and other black prison gangs and The Nuestra Familia / Nortenos Mexican gang as their primary enemies – NCP is closely aligned with The Nuestra Familia and the Nortenos Mexican gang but do share a common enemy of the Black prison gangs. NCP closely aligned with the PEN1 (Public Enemy Number One: pronounced PEE-NYE) and also affiliates with the Aryan Brotherhood (AB, aka "The Brand") and the Nazi Lowriders (NLR) as well but does not align with the Mexican Mafia and Surenos Mexican gangs the way the other White prison gangs do. This is primarily based on the fact that the NCP operates in Northern California only. Of course, depending on where the inmate is housed and who the dominant White prison gang is on the yard, if a Wood is NCP and ends up on a yard run by the PEN1, AB or NLR - a NCP is part of the overall Woodpile and affiliates with them and their allies primarily. Notable NCP member is Stockton California recording artist Brainwash.


title: Defender of the Crown

text: Info gave the Amiga version four stars out of five, stating that its "graphics have set new standards for computer games". The magazine praised the "breathtaking" animation and "impressive" color, but hoped that future Cinemaware games would improve on the "adequate" gameplay, which was "the weak link". The Australian Commodore Review gave the Commodore 64 version of the game a total score of 96 out of 100, while Commodore User said that it was "totally brilliant and one of the best games to date on the 64." Computer Gaming World praised the Amiga version of Defender of the Crown's graphics and animation, calling the game "a showcase program to demonstrate the power of the Amiga to your friends." Although the gameplay was not as complex as other strategy games of the time, the reviewer was still exceptionally pleased with Cinemaware's first game. That year the magazine gave Defender of the Crown a special award for "Artistic Achievement in a Computer Game", but in 1990 and 1993, surveys of wargames in the magazine gave the game two-plus stars out of five.


title: Pharaoh (module)

text: The TSR version of Pharaoh is an Egyptian-styled adventure that contains a map of a pyramid and includes a maze filled with traps. In Pharaoh, the player characters (PCs) are exiled into the desert after being falsely accused of a crime. The characters travel to find the sunken city of Pazar and must then travel to the haunted tomb of a pharaoh from ancient times. While in the desert, the characters meet the spirit of pharaoh Amun-Re, who has been cursed to roam the desert until someone robs his tomb to steal the staff of ruling and Star Gem, which he begs the PCs to do because the tomb was designed to be thief-proof and no one has succeeded so far. While inside the pyramid of Amun-Re, the characters will have access to an item called the dome of flight which they can use to control gravity or reverse it, which can be dangerous if used incorrectly because they can fall upwards rapidly; the same room with the dome of flight also contains palm trees with fruit that explodes. The characters also encounter a maze with numerous traps.: 101 The module also includes maps of the wilderness, and multiple shorter adventures.


title: Pharaoh (module)

text: Doug Cowie reviewed Pharaoh very favorably for Imagine magazine. He noted the "first rate cover art" and the overall "value-for-money feel" of the module. He also praised the well-designed layout and the standardized approach to describing encounter areas. Cowie expected that those who played this "dangerous, tricky and entertaining" module would wish to continue with the sequels I4 and I5. One month later, Doug Cowie also reviewed Oasis of the White Palm favorably for Imagine magazine. He found it a "tough test" for the players and praised the "first rate cover art" and "lively illustrations" inside. Cowie found I4 a "mainstream AD&D adventure with plenty of treasure, traps and tricks" situated mostly in "traditional room/corridor environments". But according to him it also offers "plenty of interesting goings-on between NPC individuals and groups" so that the players find themselves in a "dynamic society". Cowie cautioned that some encounters are quite complicated so the DM needs to study the module closely before running it. Cowie felt I4 to be an "excellent, varied module" that offered "excitement, depth and tension". He concluded his review by calling it "a must for those who have played I3 and highly recommended for anyone else."


title: Pulttibois

text: The show had a number of variations made to its intro as the program went on. The very earliest version of the intro had Petelius and Kalliala make their way to the studio while wearing sun-glasses, fedoras and trench-coats with the film sped up for comical effect. Two variants of the intro with the same music were shot, one in the Winter and one in early Spring. A third intro had the Petelius and Kalliala appear as ministers taking a helicopter ride back to their apartment to retrieve a misplaced box of matches. Starting with the show's second season, the theme song became MARRS' 1987 hit Pump up the Volume. This song was accompanied by Petelius and Kalliala dancing and doing physically silly things to the beat of the music as well as mouthing the lyrics "Brothers and sisters! Pump up the volume!" against a red background. Variants of this intro appeared all through the second and third seasons, including a reversed version of the intro and versions with still-images from past skits in-between Kalliala and Petelius dancing.


title: Black Hood

text: The Black Hood was revived by artist Gray Morrow during his time as an editor at Archie's Red Circle Comics line in the early 1970s, and was first published years later in Archie's Super Hero Comic Digest Magazine #2 . In these stories, which includes one drawn by popular penciler Neal Adams, The Black Hood's second incarnation, Thomas "Kip" Burland, was given the secret identity by his uncle, the "first" Black Hood, who revealed that the family had in fact used the pseudonym throughout history. This version is less flamboyantly costumed, preferring to wear the mask with regular biker leathers, rides a high performance motorcycle and is typically armed with a custom designed Pepper-box pistol with multiple functions. This Black Hood appeared in three issues of his own title and the thirteen issues of The Mighty Crusaders , as well as two issues of Blue Ribbon (a new story in #11 and a reprint of the Super Hero Comic Digest material in #8 ). In the final issues of Mighty Crusaders, the younger Black Hood reverts to the yellow and black/blue costume worn by the prior incarnation of the character.


title: Fort Dobbs (North Carolina)

text: During the Anglo-Cherokee War of 1759–1761, the fort served as the base for a soldiers tasked with repelling Cherokee raids in the western portion of the province. The Anglo-Cherokee War began in 1759 after the capture of Fort Duquesne by the British and their native allies, including the Cherokee. The Cherokee had felt slighted by General Forbes's inept diplomacy. The Cherokee wished to be treated as allies, while Forbes treated them like enlisted soldiers. Additionally, as many as 40 Cherokee were murdered by Virginia militia in the area around modern-day Roanoke, Virginia. Some of the Virginians attempted to sell the massacred Cherokee warriors' scalps to the government of Virginia as the scalps of Shawnee warriors (for which the Virginian Assembly had set a bounty), an act that infuriated the Cherokee. When they returned home, the Lower Settlement Cherokee discovered that settlers encroached well beyond the border established between Cherokee and South Carolina that had been set by the 1747 treaty at Long Cane Creek (west of modern-day Greenwood, South Carolina). This elevated Cherokee concern that vital hunting grounds would be permanently lost.


title: Fort Dobbs (North Carolina)

text: In order to obtain justice for their brethren murdered in late 1758 and early 1759, Cherokee warriors attacked settlements on the Yadkin and Catawba Rivers against the wishes of Cherokee leaders such as Attakullakulla. In April and May, 1759, as many as 40 men, women and children were killed, and many scalped. Several lived in the Fourth Creek Settlement, within 10 miles of Fort Dobbs. This violence damaged peace talks between Attakullakulla and South Carolina governor William Lyttelton, who considered the territory west of the Yadkin River in North Carolina to be within South Carolina's sphere of influence. The violence committed by the Cherokee against American settlers continued, which in turn caused the colonial authorities to seek better relations with the Creek and Catawba nations. The Catawba, who were allied to the provinces of North and South Carolina, were only able to provide minimal assistance to the settlers, as that tribe had been decimated by smallpox in 1759 and early 1760.


title: Fort Dobbs (North Carolina)

text: For several days I observed that a small party of Indians were constantly about the fort, I sent out several small parties after them to no purpose, the evening before last between 8 and 9 o'clock I found by the dogs making an uncommon noise there must be a party nigh a spring which we sometimes use. As my garrison is but small, and I was apprehensive it might be a scheme to draw out the garrison, I took out Captain Bailie who with myself and party made up ten; we had not marched 300 yards from the fort when we were attacked by at least 60 or 70 Indians. I had given my party orders not to fire until I gave the word, which they punctually observed: we received the Indians fire: when I perceived they had almost all fired, I ordered my party to fire which we did not further than 12 steps each loaded with a bullet and seven buck shot, they had nothing to cover them as they were advancing either to tomahawk or make us prisoners: they found the fire very hot from so small a number which a good deal confused them; I then ordered my party to retreat, as I found the instant our skirmish began another party had attacked the fort, upon our reinforcing the garrison the Indians were soon repulsed with I am sure a considerable loss, from what I myself saw as well as those I can confide in they could not have had less than 10 or 12 killed or wounded, and I believe they have taken six of my horses to carry off their wounded ... On my side I had 2 men wounded one of whom I am afraid will die as he is scalped, the other is in a way of recovery and one boy killed near the fort whom they durst not advance to scalp. I expected they would have paid me another visit last night, as they attack all fortifications by night, but they did not like their reception.


title: Fort Dobbs (North Carolina)

text: The Fort Dobbs site, facing Fort Dobbs Road; note the "cellar", meaning the depression in the center of the site. Archaeological exploration of the site first occurred in 1847, when a group of local residents attempted to locate a rumored original cannon on the site. Evidence of this dig was discovered in the 21st century in a later archaeological study. In 1909, local residents established the Fort Dobbs Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. That same year, the owners of the parcel of land on which the Fort Dobbs site was located donated 1,000 square feet (93 m2) containing the fort's remains to the Fort Dobbs Chapter. By 1910, the Chapter erected a stone marker at the site, and in 1915, it purchased the 10 acres of land surrounding the original donated parcel. In 1969, the North Carolina General Assembly appropriated $15,000 to purchase the property, to be matched by funds raised locally by the Iredell County Historical Society; these purchases were made in 1971 and 1973. By 1976, the land was opened as a historic site.


title: Fort Dobbs (North Carolina)

text: By 2006, archaeologists and historical researchers had determined the exact location of Fort Dobbs, and had located the post-hole foundations of the former log structure. Excavation began in 1967, and by 1968, the site of the fort was confirmed. In 1967, Stanley South, an archaeologist and proponent of processual archaeology, discovered that by overlaying a transparency depicting a survey of the Fort Dobbs site done in the mid-18th-century on a modern aerial photograph, evidence of the surveyed lines could still be discerned in the modern terrain. Additionally, excavations revealed a moat that surrounded the blockhouse, as well as trash in the moat contemporary with the fort. Early archaeological work concentrated specifically on the moat and a depression called the "cellar", which South believed served as a storage space in the middle of the fort grounds, and which later researchers believe was directly underneath the blockhouse. Archaeological work has unearthed evidence of a palisade surrounding the blockhouse, in a similar fashion to other French and Indian War-era forts such as Fort Shirley near Heath, Massachusetts, and Fort Prince George.


title: Ron Jackson (jazz musician)

text: In 1991 Jackson released A Guitar Thing at the age of 27, with collaborators including Benny Green, Lonnie Plaxico, and Cecil Brooks III. This was his debut album as leader, and debuted at #26 on the R&R National Airplay chart. He followed this up with the album Thinking of You, which he also released on Muse Records. In the early 1990s Jackson fronted the Ron Jackson Quartet. In 1995 Jackson joined the group 5 Guitars Play Mingus, playing alongside Russell Malone, leader Peter Leitch, David Gilmore, and Jack Wilkins, in New York venues like the ArtsCenter. He soon released an album of duets with Rufus Reid called Song for Luis. In 1996 took first prize in the Heritage International Jazz Guitar Competition. As his career has progressed he has continued to work alternative music gigs such as subbing in orchestral pits, playing weddings and other parties, working in jam bands, and other positions. He was also a member of the Rufus Reid Trio as well as the Randy Weston Group. In 1999 Jackson released the album Concrete Jungle with Nicki Parrott.


title: Michael Piller

text: In 1989, a call to Maurice Hurley, a friend who had led the writing staff of Star Trek: The Next Generation through its second year, led to Piller co-writing an episode with Michael Wagner called "Evolution". When Wagner dropped out of leading the writing staff for the show's third year, Piller was invited to assume the showrunner position, reporting to executive producer Rick Berman, as of the fifth episode of the third season, "The Bonding". During the first two years of the series, the writing staff had been plagued by conflicts, with the staff continually changing as different writers came and went. Within a year, Piller had formed a strong writing team, something that had eluded previous executives. He also moved the focus away from "alien-of-the-week" or "situation-of-the-week" stories to ones that developed the main characters and their relationships, which many point to as the turning point for the series. Another key innovation was Piller's open-door policy for scripts, allowing anyone to submit story ideas. This policy yielded some of the series' most popular episodes, including "Yesterday's Enterprise".


title: Michael Piller

text: He was succeeded as showrunner on The Next Generation by Jeri Taylor after the series' fifth season. In 1994, Berman was again asked to create another new Star Trek series for Paramount's new UPN television network. As before, Berman teamed with Piller, developing Star Trek: Voyager along with Taylor. When Voyager began its first season, Piller transferred fully to Voyager and was replaced as showrunner on Deep Space Nine by Ira Steven Behr, who served as showrunner for that series' remaining years. Piller served as showrunner and head of the writing staff for Voyager's first two seasons, with Taylor serving as his deputy. Piller left Voyager and retired from the franchise after its second season with Taylor succeeding him for the third season. At the same time, Piller developed another series for UPN called Legend. the series was cancelled after only 12 episodes. Piller continued as a creative consultant on Deep Space Nine and Voyager, sending in notes on scripts as they were being prepared for production.


title: Ryan Eversley

text: In December 2022, L.A. Honda World Racing announced that Eversley would drive the No. 37 Honda Civic Type R TCR with Mat Pombo and that they would be the first team to take delivery of the new Honda Civic FL5 Type Rs. Pombo would win the team four straight pole positions to open the season at Daytona, Sebring, Laguna Seca, and Watkins Glen, giving him five straight poles dating back to the 2022 season finale. The team would score their first podium of the season with a third-place finish at Laguna Seca. They would score their second podium at Lime Rock after dominating the race on pace from the pole, but the car struggled with tire degradation over the full run and would fall behind two Hyundais to finish third. After Lime Rock, the team made the decision to shuffle the driver lineups to "switch up the mojo" after some struggles and Eversley would once again pair with LaMarra who had been driving the sister No. 73 Honda beginning at Road America. Eversley and LaMarra would finish the season with a third-place podium finish at Road Atlanta with Eversley finishing 12th in the TCR driver's championship.


title: At the Devil's Door

text: Writing in Variety, Dennis Harvey stopped short of recommending the film, but praised some aspects of it, stating, "Though disappointing content-wise, McCarthy's sophomore feature still demonstrates admirable attention to things that usually suffer in more superficially flashy horror efforts, notably credible real-world backgrounding (the nondescript Southern California locations suggest a middle class slipping haplessly toward poverty), naturalistic perfs, and habit of favoring creepy restraint over "gotcha!" moments. (Still, the pic could have used one or two more of the latter.) Tech and design contributions are likewise thoughtful." Alan Scherstuhl wrote a similar review in The Village Voice, writing, "McCarthy shows he's mastered the things we already know scare us onscreen; next, how about something we don't expect?" Fearnet called At the Devil's Door "impressive work" and remarked that "it works as a slick and admirably unpredictable whole, and it somehow seems to work as three distinct chapters as well."


title: At the Devil's Door

text: We Got This Covered gave a mixed review, stating that the film was "a bone-chilling ghost story that I'd absolutely love to recommend, but once again I struggled to keep a constant connection to Nicholas McCarthy's befuddling screenplay, packed with exciting ideas and bright moments of sheer terror – but nothing consistently worthwhile." Best Horror Movie's review said, "When you incorporate three extremely powerful performances from three extremely attractive young ladies (Catalina Sandino Moreno as Leigh, Ashley Rickards as Hannah and Naya Rivera as Vera) you've got a very real recipe for success." EFilmCritic.com praised the performances: "They're good enough to make the end more satisfying than it initially appears after things have sunken in a bit, even if the movie does occasionally seem to be setting up something a little more grandiose." Sound on Sight wrote, "Supporting the scares is a strong cast". Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Creepy atmospherics aren't enough to compensate for the muddled storyline."


title: Kerowagi District

text: There are two secondary schools, Kondiu Rosary and Kerowagi, with many "top up" primary schools acting as feeder schools. Most locals are either self-employed or engaged in small scale economic activity. The district has some of the province's best road networks. One of the roads was sealed in 2004. Of all the districts in Simbu Province, Kerowagi is said to be developing at a much faster rate then the others. This is basically due to the fertility of the valley and its access to infrastructure, improved and established road networks, and mindset of the people and community. Most of the locals are coffee growers and work their own smallholder blocks. The coffee season starts from as early as March to end of June and this period is normally referred to as six-mun. The local people are benefiting from recent increases in the world price of coffee. Apart from coffee, they are also engaged in producing spices and other market produce for local consumers. The biggest health clinic in the district is St. Joseph Mingende Rural Hospital. Its status was changed from health centre to rural hospital in 2000, with a full-time medical doctor.


title: Khuman Khamba

text: Khamba had a dream. In his dream, Goddess Ayangleima (either Panthoibi or Koiren Leima) appeared to him in the form of Khamnu and asked him to fetch vegetables. Khamba woke up and wondered about the dream. The god Thangjing made him think that he had truly seen his sister. So he rowed a boat onto the lake, but he went in the wrong direction. The god Thangjing sent clouds and storms over the hills, and the wind blew the boat towards where Thoibi was fishing. Thoibi saw Khamba standing nearby. She asked Khamnu if she knew the strange man disobeying the royal order. Khamnu said no. Khamba did not know what to do. Hearing his sister's voice, he came closer. Thoibi saw that he was handsome, manly, muscular and well fashioned. Khamba was also amazed at Thoibi's beauty and glamour. It was God's will that they should be lovers. Khamnu worried that her brother might be punished for disobeying the king. Thoibi noticed that some of the fabric in Khamnu's clothes matchied Khamba's headdress. She also saw that Khamba was wearing the bracelet she had given to Khamnu. Later, Khamnu admitted that this man was her brother. Then, Thoibi became kind to Khamba. She offered him delicate foods. She pleasantly told him to go home before the king's noticed he was there.


title: Khuman Khamba

text: This words spread among the public. Khamba was stopped and told that his name was not in the list of the contestants. Khamba believed them. So, he sadly returned home. He told everything to Khamnu. The two siblings told Nongtholba about it. Nongtholba went to the king. The king told Khamba to participate if it was not still late to join. Khamba and Feiroijamba went to the starting place of the race. They saw the race was about to be started. They shouted that they bore the King's order. Khamba ran swiftly as fast as he could. Then, Kongyamba's men interrupted Khamba on his way. But Khamba stroke all of them aside. At last, he reached up Kongyamba. Kongyamba was running slowly as he got tired. Suddenly, fifteen horsemen of Kongyamba stopped Khamba. But Khamba kicked out all of them from his way. Khamnu shouted "Run on Khamba, for your father's honor." Finally, Khamba reached the final destination. He was the champion and Kongyamba was the second. Both saluted the King. The King was more pleased with Khamba. He gifted Khamba a gold embroidered coat. The Queen gifted Khamba luxurious clothes. The ministers also piled heaps of gifts upon Khamba. Khamba and his sister Khamnu generously offered many of the gifted clothes to the old men and women.


title: Khuman Khamba

text: On the day of the event, Khamba stood face to face with the bull. The bull charged towards him, but Khamba dodged. The audience asked him if he was afraid. Khamba said that he was waiting for a good position. Then, he stood on firm ground and caught the bull. The mighty bull carried him away into the thick woods. Khamba did everything his sister said. Immediately, the feral bull became tame. Khamba began to bring the bull back to the colosseum. Kongyamba intercepted him and pretended to help Khamba to hold the bull, but when they came within view of the spectators from the two kingdoms, Kongyamba claimed that he had captured the bull himself. He claimed he had even rescued Khamba, who had fallen into the ditch. Once again, there was a great conflict between Khamba and Kongyamba. The two kings could not tell who spoke the truth. So, Kongyamba was asked to fight the bull within an enclosure. But Kongyamba became frightened of the bull and climbed up the wall to get away from it. Khamba faced the bull bravely. He once again captured the bull. Both the kings honoured Khamba and gave him gifts. Since Khamba was of Khuman blood, the Khuman king asked the Moirang king to let Khamba live in the Khuman kingdom. The Moirang King did not agree.


title: Khuman Khamba

text: Every year, there was a royal archery contest in honour of the God Thangjing. The contest was for the royals of the Moirang kingdom. Kongyamba was selected to pick up the arrows shot by the King. Khamba was selected to pick up the arrows shot by the crown prince, who was the king's younger brother. Prince Chingkhu Akhuba asked his daughter Thoibi about his Coat of Golden Embroidery. But Thoibi had already given the coat to Khamba. So she told him a lie. During the competition, the Crown Prince shot his arrows very swiftly. Khamba ran swiftly to pick them up and his outermost garment was loosened. The Crown Prince saw the clothes Khamba was wearing underneath: his own golden embroidered coat. He was furious. When Khamba gave him his arrow, he did not take it. He turned away from Khamba. Kongyamba took the arrow from Khamba. He gave it to the Prince. The Prince was pleased with Kongyamba. He told Kongyamba that princess Thoibi would be given to him within five days. Khamba and Khamnu were even told to bring him wedding gifts. The prince ordered that no one in the kingdom should sell fruit to the two siblings. Only Kongyamba was allowed to buy fruit. Khamba went to a hill village of a tribesmen group. He sought help from Kabui Salang Maiba, the tribal chief. The tribal chief offered him two basketful of fruits. The chief also added some gifts for the princess Thoibi, his sister Khamnu and for Khamba himself. Khamba thanked him and came back with the fruits and the gifts. Thoibi set the fruits ready in eleven special dishes. She was promised by the Chief Queen, 10 other Queens and 10 maids that they will receive gifts from Khamba. On the day of gift reception, Kongyamba brought his gifts. At his arrival, Thoibi pretended to fell with fever. So, Thoibi's father told Kongyamba the princess' health condition. Then, Kongyamba left. Few moments later, the Crown Prince had gone to meet the King. Thoibi instantly arose. Gifts from Khamba were received by the Queens and their maids warmly. At that moment, the Prince returned home. He was very thirsty. He longed for some juices of sour fruits. Thoibi prepared the juice from the fresh fruits brought by Khamba. She poured it into a silver cup for her father. The Prince has a sip of it. He asked for the whereabouts of the fruits. Thoibi told him that the fruits were brought by his son-in-law Khamba for his marriage. At this, the Prince got furious. He threw the silver cup at his daughter. Then, Thoibi pretended to faint. The Prince was terrified. At the same time, the Queens cried for her. He asked his daughter to get up and go to Khamba's house. Then, Thoibi arose. But her father resumed to his anger again.


title: Khuman Khamba

text: Prince Chingkhu Akhuba and Nongban Kongyamba plotted together to kill Khamba. They sent a messenger to tell him to come meet Prince Chingkhu Akhuba. On the way there, Khamba was interrupted by Kongyamba and his men. Kongyamba asked Khamba to give up Thoibi. Khamba replied that he will not give her up. They felt and Khamba defeated Nongban Kongyamba and his men. He was about to kill Kongyamba, but Kongyamba's men pulled Khamba off him and beat him soundly. His clothes were torn. They tied him up. The Prince approached, riding his elephant. He told the men to beat Khamba further. They tied him to the elephant's leg with ropes. However, the elephant driver knew that Khamba was innocent, and he secretly left Khamba enough slack in the ropes to breathe. Then they drove the elephant to harm Khamba, but the god Thangjing did not let it. Finally, Kongyamba hit the elephant with a spear so it would move in pain. But it did not harm Khamba. That night, the Goddess Panthoibi came to Thoibi in a dream. She told Thiobi that her beloved man was bound by her father's orders to the elephant and had nearly been killed. Thoibi arose and took a sword. She found and released Khamba. Khamnu, Feiroijamba, Nongtholba and Thonglen were informed of the crime. Thonglen went to the court with all his army. Feiroijamba told the court three times about the crimes. But the prince did not pay attention to the complaint. Nongtholba angrily proclaimed that none could kill his son-in-law when he was alive. A conflict between Nongthonba and the prince developed. Finally, Nongtholba and Prince Chingkhu Akhuba went to the King. Before their arrival, Princess Thoibi had already informed the king all the crimes committed by her own father. King Chingkhu Telheiba proclaimed that all the criminals would be punished. He sent Prince Chingkhu Akhuba and Nongban Kongyamba to prison. The king told his brother prince to stay there until Khamba was well again. The King sent his own men to take care of the injured Khamba. He sent him gifts every day. Thoibi personally took care of Khamba. He got well again, and the criminals were set free. After this, Thoibi was exiled to the Kabaw chiefdom.


title: Photographic grey

text: Railway companies wished to record their latest locomotives for use in publicity material and advertisements, and as a technical record of their work. This was especially the case in the United Kingdom, where all but the smallest of the 'pre-grouping' companies owned their own locomotive works and designed and built their own railway engines. For the numerous private locomotive builders it was especially important to have high-quality photographs of their latest builds to showcase to potential customers. Existing customers had also been promised photographs as part of the documentation package for their new locomotives, and this could include such specific instructions as having a bowler-hatted man precisely six feet tall standing alongside, as a scale measure. The practice of taking extensive photographs of locomotives by their makers seems to have developed first by Beyer, Peacock & Company in Manchester from 1856, by the local photographer James Mudd. Mudd also developed the practice of 'whiting out' large areas of distracting backgrounds, by painting over them on the negative.


title: FREAK

text: FREAK ("Factoring RSA Export Keys") is a security exploit of a cryptographic weakness in the SSL/TLS protocols introduced decades earlier for compliance with U.S. cryptography export regulations. These involved limiting exportable software to use only public key pairs with RSA moduli of 512 bits or fewer (so-called RSA EXPORT keys), with the intention of allowing them to be broken easily by the National Security Agency (NSA), but not by other organizations with lesser computing resources. However, by the early 2010s, increases in computing power meant that they could be broken by anyone with access to relatively modest computing resources using the well-known Number Field Sieve algorithm, using as little as $100 of cloud computing services. Combined with the ability of a man-in-the-middle attack to manipulate the initial cipher suite negotiation between the endpoints in the connection and the fact that the finished hash only depended on the master secret, this meant that a man-in-the-middle attack with only a modest amount of computation could break the security of any website that allowed the use of 512-bit export-grade keys. While the exploit was only discovered in 2015, its underlying vulnerabilities had been present for many years, dating back to the 1990s.


title: Human trafficking in Poland

text: The government of Poland demonstrated progress in its overall anti-human trafficking law enforcement efforts during the reporting period. Poland prohibits all forms of trafficking through Article 253, Article 204 Sections 3 and 4, and Article 203 of the criminal code. Article 253 and organized crime statutes are used to prosecute labor trafficking cases, though there are no provisions that specifically define and address trafficking for forced labor. Penalties prescribed under Article 253 range from three to 15 years' imprisonment, and Articles 203 and 204 prescribe from one to 10 years' imprisonment; these punishments are sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. Law enforcement officials and NGOs continued to report that the lack of a clear legal definition of trafficking in Poland's criminal code limits effective prosecutions. Prosecutors rely on trafficking definitions in the 2000 UN TIP Protocol when pursuing prosecutions against traffickers.


title: Human trafficking in Poland

text: During 2009 the government continued to improve efforts to assist trafficking victims; they identified at least 206 victims of trafficking - including 123 children in prostitution - compared with 315 victims identified by NGOs and government authorities in 2008. In total, 193 victims received some government-funded assistance. The government referred 22 victims for assistance in 2009. In April 2009, the government established the National Intervention Consultation Center, which expanded the ability of authorities to assist victims. The NGO-operated center established a 24-hour hotline, provided direct assistance to victims of trafficking, and served as a consultation point for law enforcement working with victims of trafficking. The national center enhanced victim protection available to foreign victims of trafficking. Previously, only foreign victims who agreed to cooperate with law enforcement were eligible for government-funded emergency assistance. With the establishment of the national center, both Polish and foreign victims were no longer required to be identified by or cooperate with local law enforcement to receive government-funded emergency assistance through Poland's victim assistance program.


title: Human trafficking in Poland

text: In 2009 the government allocated approximately $298,000 for victim assistance, including $59,000 for a shelter for use by adult female victims of trafficking. In response to criticism that there were no shelters dedicated to assisting male victims of trafficking, the government housed seven male trafficking victims in a government-run crisis center in January 2010 and enrolled them in the Victim/Witness protection Program, ensuring they had access to necessary care. Under Polish law, all foreign victims are permitted to stay in Poland during a three-month reflection period, during which time they are eligible to access victim services while they decide whether or not to cooperate with law enforcement. In 2009, no victims took advantage of the 90-day reflection period. Those foreign victims who choose to cooperate are permitted to stay in Poland during the investigation and prosecution process. In 2009, two foreign victims were granted temporary residency permits to remain in Poland pending completion of the prosecution process. However, some trafficking experts expressed concern that some victims who chose not to cooperate with law enforcement may not have been given victim status and therefore may not have received emergency victim assistance. Police encouraged victims to cooperate with law enforcement. In 2009, 22 victims assisted law enforcement, compared with 21 victims in 2008. There were no reports that identified victims were penalized for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of being trafficked.


title: Rajendrasinhji Jadeja

text: The Partition of India in 1947 caused an upheaval in both the security situation and the dynamics of the Indian army. The partition meant the division of the Indian army, which was concurrently called upon to deal with several critical security situations arising from the partition of the country and the anticipated integration of the princely states. Also during this period, British officers who held most of the senior ranks in the Indian army were gradually disengaged, being replaced with Indian officers. During this critical period, Rajendrasinhji was called upon to shoulder many onerous responsibilities and received rapid promotion in rank commensurately. As a new major-general, he was appointed to command the Delhi sub-area after Independence in August 1947, serving until 1948 as General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the redesignated Delhi and East Punjab Command . He was promoted acting Lieutenant General on 16 January 1948 and appointed GOC-in-C Eastern Command. He was then appointed GOC-in-C Southern Command , following the retirement of Lt. General E. N. Goddard. Operation Polo, which resulted in the integration of Hyderabad State with India, was executed during his term in office as GOC-in-C (South).


title: Bengalia

text: Bengalia flies are best known for their remarkable highwayman-like habit of robbing ant pupae from ants moving on ant roads. With respect to Bengalia depressa this habit is described as follows: " settling on blades of grass, stones, and other raised objects near the ant column. ... When any ant made a little circuit away from the main body, a fly would generally pursue it at a distance of about half an inch, but back away as soon as the ant turned towards it. ... Eventually Lamborn saw a fly stalk a minor ant carrying a pupa in its jaws. Suddenly the fly rushed forward and apparently pierced the pupa bringing the ant up with a sharp jerk. The two insects then had a tug of war with very little advantage to either side, until the ant apparently became annoyed and letting go of the pupa rushed at the fly, which escaped with the booty which it proceeded to suck. Then he saw a fly swoop down on the ant column and rise at once with a pupa and attendant ant, both of which it dropped after carrying them for about a foot. The ant, however, still held on and started to run off with its charge. The fly caught it again and this time rose three feet in the air and then dropped ant and pupa again. This time the ant left the pupa which the fly immediately seized and proceeded to suck."


title: Bengalia

text: This dispute reflects that at present, there is no consensus as to the best way to subdivide the Calliphoridae, which many authorities acknowledge is not a natural group (in this case, polyphyletic); the BioSystematic Database of World Diptera, for example, states "The Calliphoridae are marked as a polyphyletic group of convenience as at the present we are unwilling to reduce the Oestridae to a subordinated group within a monophyletic Calliphoridae nor to elevate a number of other groups (Polleniidae, Helicoboscidae, and Bengaliidae) so as to properly delimit both Calliphoridae and Oestridae." Similarly, the dispute at the generic level is that some of Lehrer's genera are paraphyletic, and, additionally, that they are based largely or exclusively upon features of the male genitalia, and it is therefore impossible to identify most female specimens to subfamily, let alone genus (the rejection of Lehrer's subdivisions therefore being both taxonomic and a matter of practicality). The dispute at the species level centers on the fact that Lehrer did not include or examine 24 of the 41 known species in his revision, so of the 31 species he validly described that were not immediately synonymized, many could still potentially be synonyms of these 24 excluded species.


title: The Children of Peace

text: In 1828, William Lyon Mackenzie visited Hope for the first time, describing it as a "village composed of about forty or fifty remarkably neat, clean dwellings; but what gives the most imposing effect is, the handsome newly built Temple, which is built nearly on the summit of the hill, and is now nearly finished. It is intended for their public worship, and is built somewhat after the manner of Solomon's Temple. The new church or chapel of the Children of Peace is certainly calculated to inspire the beholder with astonishment; its dimensions - its architecture - its situation - are all so extraordinary." The consolidation of the Children of Peace in a single village, Hope, was accompanied by their adoption of a cooperative economy. Through cooperative marketing, the establishment of a credit union, and a land-sharing system, the Children of Peace all became prosperous farmers in an era when new farmers frequently failed. The Children of Peace were never communal like many of the other new religious movements then sprouting up in the United States (like the Shakers, the early Mormons or the Oneida Perfectionists). The Children of Peace viewed trade as a necessarily moral act; in selling their wheat they were not concerned simply with obtaining the "highest market price." Since they did not have to calculate for profit, the logic of their commercial exchanges was based on moral principles, not economic ones. David Willson urged the members of his sect not to bargain at all, but to seek a fixed price that represented their own needs, rather than the highest amount the market would bear.


title: The Children of Peace

text: William Lyon Mackenzie was the elected representative of their riding. He eventually attempted to overthrow the government in the Rebellion of 1837. Some of the Children of Peace, including Willson's sons and son-in-law, participated. The events and consequences of the rebellion are well known: the skirmish at Montgomery's Tavern, the hanging of Samuel Lount, Lord Durham's Report, political reform and Responsible Government (Cabinet rule). Less well known is the tedium of the jail cell in harsh winter conditions endured by many of the rebels. To while away the long hours, many prisoners carved small, ornate boxes as presents for their families. The boxes memorialize friends lost in battle, and express a defiant call for liberty and democracy. They were the sole consolation for those who had been widowed, or whose husbands remained in jail; for example, David Willson's daughter, a pregnant Mary Willson Doan, wrote to her husband in jail telling him her wish, that "you would be permitted to come to your little home", acknowledging the reality, and desiring a "box" for her yet unborn child. That child, David Willson Doan, was born twelve days after the letter was written. Charles Doan remained in jail for a further five months.


title: The Children of Peace

text: During the 1840s, Willson continued his association with the Reform Party; he was, for example, the campaign manager in the area for both Robert Baldwin and Louis LaFontaine, the "Fathers of Responsible Government" and first elected premiers of the province. It was the Children of Peace who ensured the election of Montreal lawyer Louis LaFontaine as their representative in Upper Canada. Willson argued that this was an opportunity, as he said, "to show our impartial respect to the Canadian people of the Lower province." Here, Willson is expressing a clear Canadian identity which overcame differences in language and religion. It was a vision of Canadian citizenship that was ultimately successful, with LaFontaine's election in the 4th Riding of York. Subsequently, they elected Baldwin in their riding. The silver band of the Children of Peace was a familiar sight at Baldwin's campaign rallies. In 1844, they held a campaign rally for Baldwin concurrent with the illumination of the Temple. More than 3000 people attended, and the event helped end the reign of Orange Order electoral violence.


title: The Children of Peace

text: Among the Protestant nominations, the Quakers were distinct for their rejection of music in worship. They argued that congregational singing was an empty form, and hence worshipped in silence until someone was moved to spontaneous ministry. David Willson, in contrast, began to "sing in the ministry" as early as 1811. He regarded music as another facet of the ministry, a spontaneous expression of God's word. Many early members left the Quakers because they wanted to play music. Willson was to boast, "I never repeat one communication twice over, nor sing one old hymn in worship: bread from heaven is our lot - descending mercies." The constant production of new hymn lyrics, like manna from heaven, "were composed to suit the occasion on which they were sung." These hymns, eventually numbering in the thousands, were recorded in a special "Book of Sacred Record" stored in a secret compartment in the Arc at the centre of the Temple and not discovered until recently. At the beginning and end of each worship service, Willson would "read out" a hymn, line by line, which would then be sung back by the choir, and then the congregation. The lining out of hymns had been the traditional singing style of the 18th century, when hymn books were expensive and rare. Songs were sung a cappella, resulting in slow, improvised singing in which each singer was allowed to decorate the tunes as he or she saw fit.


title: The Children of Peace

text: It was at this time that Coates gave lessons to the Children of Peace in the rudiments of musical performance, teaching members how to play the instruments of a brass band. The band sat under the platform on which the organ played. He also painted "the symbolic decorations of the interior of the Temple at Sharon," and painted the banners they carried in front of their processions. He also organized a choir of "virgins" (schoolgirls). The musical accompaniment provided by the choir, band and organs was in large part responsible for the fame — or infamy — which accrued to the Children of Peace. One Anglican clergyman in nearby Thornhill scathingly described them in the early 1830s: "King David (Willson) frequently goes to a great distance, in order to edify the people of other townships by his music and eloquence... He never performs such religious errantry without being accompanied by his virgins, six in number, selected from among the females of his household, for their superior voices. These virgins are conveyed in the same wagon with himself over which there is an awning, to shelter them from the inclemency of the weather, and from sultry rays. In one of the other wagons follow as many youths, who form an accompaniment to the damsels, and swell the anthems and hosannahs by vocal and instrumental music. In the remaining wagon are transported... their musical instruments... He never fails to attract a large assemblage of people... The music of his sacred band is considered curious; and the oddity of his manner, and his condemnation of the Established Church, and of the government, are approved by many."


title: The Children of Peace

text: 1851 represents the apogee of the community of Hope (Sharon). Their cooperative economy, their concern for charity and the equal prosperity of all, made them the most prosperous agricultural community in the entire province; substantial farmhouses now dotted the surrounding landscape. Their political influence was at its peak, with deep long-standing ties to both Baldwin and LaFontaine. But age was taking its toll on the village's patriarch, David Willson, now in his seventies. He remained their only minister until his death in 1866, their numbers slowly dwindling. Willson's son, John David Willson, led the Children of Peace thereafter, reading his father's sermons to an aging congregation. Ministers from other denominations were gradually invited to preach in their meeting houses. In 1876, they incorporated as a "charitable society." In 1889, after the death of Willson's sons, the group ceased to exist, and the Temple was allowed to fall into ruins. The last service was held in the Temple in 1889. The derelict Temple was purchased by the York Pioneer and Historical Society in 1917, and restored, making it one of the earliest examples of historic preservation in Canada. The temple is now a National Historic Site and Museum as well as a National Peace Site. The site has a collection of restored buildings and displays pioneer artefacts and historic items related to the sect.


title: 92nd Infantry Division (United States)

text: The 365th Infantry Regiment became a training and replacement regiment for the division. The 366th Infantry Regiment was relieved from attachment to the division and was organized into two engineer general service regiments. The 370th Infantry Regiment remained assigned to the division and was rebuilt by transferring outstanding enlisted men and officers from the other two African American regiments assigned to the division. They also received replacements of African American soldier all the way from the US or African American soldiers who stationed in Britain but assigned in the reserve units and never saw combat since they set foot in the United Kingdom. The 371st Infantry Regiment was relieved from assignment to the division and used under Fifth Army control. The 473rd Infantry Regiment, formed from unneeded anti-aircraft white troops, and the Nisei 442nd Infantry Regiment, made up of Japanese Americans and becoming noted for its high performance, was assigned to bolster the division's combat effectiveness.