text: The first semifinal of the men's singles was the eleventh encounter between World No. 1 and defending champion Roger Federer, and former World No. 1, now 75th-ranked and victor, earlier in the tournament, of ATP No. 3 Novak Djokovic, Russian Marat Safin, whose appearance in the semifinals was the first in a Grand Slam since he won the 2005 Australian Open, where he defeated Federer in the semifinal. The Swiss broke Safin in his first service game, racing through the first set to take it 6–3, before the Russian raised his level of play, and both players went on keeping their serves to a second set tie-break, which Safin eventually lost 3–7, letting Federer take his two-sets-to-love advantage to pressure him, and eventually break in the last game of the third set to claim a 6–3, 7–6(3), 6–4 victory, in less than two hours. The win meant Federer would reach his sixteenth Grand Slam final, and his sixth consecutive one in Wimbledon, already equalling Björn Borg's record of runs at the tournament, from his first win at the 1976 Wimbledon Championships to his lost final, after having won five consecutive ones, to John McEnroe at the 1981 Wimbledon Championships. The second semifinal opposed ATP No. 2, French Open and Queen's Club Championships winner, and defending finalist Rafael Nadal, to unseeded, 2003 Australian Open runner-up Rainer Schüttler, ATP No. 94, who finished his semifinal against Arnaud Clément only on the previous afternoon, after three-hours-and-a-half of play. Nadal raced early to a 4–0 lead, taking the first set 6–1, before Schüttler started to fight back, breaking the Spanish and dominating him through the second set, keeping his serve until 5–4, when serving to even the score to one-set-all, Nadal broke him, eventually winning the set in a tie-break 7–3, and keeping his edge on the German up to the end of the third set to win, in little more than two hours, on the score of 6–1, 7–6(3), 6–4. The win allowed Nadal to advance to his seventh Grand Slam final, his third consecutive one in Wimbledon, and set up his eighteenth meeting against Roger Federer, the sixth in a Grand Slam final.


title: 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Day-by-day summaries

text: The semifinals of the women's doubles took place, first confronting 2000 and 2002 champions and eleventh seeds Serena Williams & Venus Williams, to unseeded Frenchwoman Nathalie Dechy & Australian Casey Dellacqua, with the Williams sisters, who lost no set since the beginning of the competition, dominating their opponents throughout the encounter, winning the match 6–3, 6–3, after only an hour of play and advance to their third doubles final in Wimbledon, having won the two first ones. That win also marked the second time since the 2002 Wimbledon Championships Serena and Venus Williams would be facing each other in the singles final, and be present together in the doubles final. The top half of the draw's semifinal took place between top ranked, recent Birmingham and Eastbourne winners and defending champions Cara Black & Liezel Huber, and sixteenth-seeded 2001 doubles champion Lisa Raymond & partner Samantha Stosur, with the latter taking the early advantages in each set, breaking the World No. 1s four times during the encounter and eventually knocking them out of the tournament on the score of 6–3, 6–3, in little more than an hour, to reach their fourth Grand Slam final together, after the 2005 US Open, the 2006 Australian Open and the 2006 French Open.


text: In the first semifinal of the mixed event, top seeds Mike Bryan & Katarina Srebotnik entirely dominated their unseeded opponents Igor Andreev & Maria Kirilenko to win the match on the final score of 6–4, 6–2, after little more than an hour, and proceed to their first Grand Slam final together. The win allowed Mike Bryan to advance to his fourth Grand Slam mixed final, his second in Wimbledon after finishing as the runner-up in 2001, and Srebotnik to advance to her eighth Grand Slam mixed final, her first in Wimbledon. Twelfth-seeded defending champion Jamie Murray & partner, women's doubles No. 1 Liezel Huber made the strongest start of their semifinal against unseeded Bob Bryan & Samantha Stosur quickly taking the first set 6–2 in twenty-one minutes, before Bryan & Stosur started to fight back, taking the second set to a tie-break, easily winning it 7–1, and extending their domination in the third set, eventually taking the match 2–6, 7–6(1), 6–4, to reach their first Grand Slam mixed doubles final together. The final would be Bob Bryan's sixth, the second in Wimbledon, after a 2006 loss, and Stosur's second, after the 2005 Australian Open. The win marked the second time in the year Bob Bryan and Katarina Srebotnik would face each other in a Grand Slam mixed doubles final, having already confronted at the French Open, set up the first ever meeting in a Grand Slam final of Bob and Mike Bryan, and marked the first time, with Stosur's win, a player would be present in both the doubles and the mixed doubles final of Wimbledon since Cara Black in 2004.


text: The final of the women's singles competition started at 14:00 (UTC+1) on the Centre Court of the Wimbledon's All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. WTA No. 6 and sixth seed, 2002 and 2003 Wimbledon Champion Serena Williams and WTA No. 7 and seventh seed, 2000, 2001, 2005 and 2007 champion Venus Williams met for the third time in a Wimbledon final, and for the seventh time overall in Grand Slam finals, with Serena winning five of the six previous encounters. Serena made the stronger start, breaking her sister in her first service game, and quickly took a 4–2 lead, as Venus struggled with her return. The momentum of the first set then shifted, when Venus started to play more aggressively, breaking Serena to even the score, and breaking her again in the last game to win the set 7–5 after fifty-three minutes. Venus struggled again with her serve in the beginning of the second set, saving a break point in her first service game, She was broken in her second, but broke back to 2–2. Both players then held their serve up to 5–4, when Serena found herself serving to stay in the match at 15–40, saving the first match point, but losing the second on an unforced error to give Venus the break and a 7–5, 6–4 victory after one hour and eleven minutes of play. The win allowed Venus to defend her title and was her fifth Wimbledon title, her seventh Grand Slam title overall.


text: The men's doubles final followed the women's singles' one on Centre Court. The eighth-seeded team of ATP doubles No. 21 and former World No. 1 and three-time Wimbledon doubles champion Jonas Björkman & current ATP doubles No. 14, partner Kevin Ullyett, the oldest pair in the field, both aged thirty-six, met the World No. 2 duo of Daniel Nestor, a Wimbledon 2002 runner-up & Nenad Zimonjić, a finalist at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in 2004 and 2006. Both teams remained close through the first two sets, with neither pair breaking the other, and each set going to a tie-break, the first won 14–12 by Nestor & Zimonjic, the second 7–3 by Bjorkman & Ullyett. The second seeds proved more efficient in the third set, winning their only break point and holding their advantage to the end to take a two-sets-to-one lead. The fourth set resembled the third, with Nestor & Zimonjic converting their two break points, while their opponents were unable to attack them on their service games. Nestor & Zimonjic won the match 7–6(12), 6–7(3), 6–3, 6–3, after more than two-hours-and-a-half of play, making them the 2008 Wimbledon champions. The victory marked Nestor & Zimonjic's first as a team in a Grand Slam tournament, after finishing as the runners-up of the French Open. It also allowed Nestor to become the twenty-first player in tennis history and the eleventh in the Open Era to complete a career Grand Slam, after winning previously at the 2002 Australian Open, the 2004 US Open and the 2007 French Open. He is also the third male player to complete a career Golden Slam, as Nestor also won the gold medal at the 2000 Olympics.


text: The last final of the day to be played on the Centre Court was the women's doubles'. Eleventh-seeded two-time winning pair of Serena Williams & Venus Williams, who had just won the women's singles crown, met sixteenth-seeded Lisa Raymond, & 2002 champion Samantha Stosur, also in course to play the mixed doubles final in the tournament. The Williams sisters proved to be as dominant through the final as they were during the whole competition, in which they lost no set and knocked out several seeded teams, among them French Open champions Anabel Medina Garrigues & Virginia Ruano Pascual, as Serena & Venus broke twice in each of the sets, saving three break points in the first set, and not facing a single one in the second, to claim the 2008 Wimbledon doubles title after a mere fifty-eight minutes of play, on the score of 6–2, 6–2. The doubles title was Serena & Venus' third in Wimbledon, and the seventh overall together, since the 1999 French Open. The win also marked the third time the sisters won the doubles title of Wimbledon while one of them won the singles title, and the second in which they won the doubles while both of them played the singles final.


text: Nadal began well, winning the first set 6–4 in just under an hour, and taking the second by the same scoreline, despite having been down 4–1 at one point. The third set was interrupted by rain delays but the players returned to finish the set with a tie break, which Federer won by seven points to five. The fourth mirrored the third by also going to a tie break, in which Nadal took a 5–2 lead. Nadal was on serve but served a double fault and then was forced by Federer into a hitting a backhand into the net. Later in the tie break, Nadal had two championship points, including one on his serve, which he squandered, with Federer triumphing 10–8, and forcing a final set. The fifth set went only four games before another rain delay; the score was 2–2 (40–40) when they returned. Nadal eventually prevailed, winning the final set 9–7, at 21:16 local time. Nadal celebrated his win by climbing to his family in the crowd, including coach Toni Nadal, and then traversed a roofed area to shake hands with members of Spanish royalty. Pundit and three-time Wimbledon champion John McEnroe lauded it as "the greatest match I have ever seen." With a final score of 6–4 6–4 6–7(5) 6–7(8) 9–7.


title: Hirbemerdon Tepe

text: The bowls found at the site can be divided into four primary types of vessels. These include; shallow bowls, shallow and carinated bowls, deep bows, and medium-sized carinated bowls. Shallow bowls are part of the slipped category of pottery. Sometimes they are burnished or smoothed, some examples are incised or decorated. There are examples of shallow pottery with a curved profile, a thickened rim, and a flattened upper part. Some have a curved or rounded profile and a slight carination. Shallow and carinated bowls were also slipped ware, and they were also sometimes smooth and burnished. The rims of shallow bowls vary between thickened, round, pointed, and inverted. Included in the class of shallow bowls are rounded bowls with high convex walls and a rim with a rounded upper part and a flattened outer part. Shallow and carinated bowls were often slipped and could be either burnished or smoothed. Bowls of this type could have either short or thickened rims. Some shallow and carinated bowls have a "beak-shaped" rim with a flat upper part. Few examples of this type of bowl showcase incision.


title: Hirbemerdon Tepe

text: The complex has a collapsed roof and walls made of mudbrick built on top of a limestone base. It had stone-paved external courtyards and rooms with compacted clay floors. The rooms in the architectural complex were very likely not used for domestic purposes. They each appear to have fulfilled a function related to some sort of specialized activity. The rooms were much smaller than rooms found in other nearby sites, and they were segmented into small cells. One room found at the site has an area of 1.5 square meters. It would be difficult to live in such a small area, which combined with the materials found in these rooms, implies they were not used as a living space but instead associated with production. One section of the complex contains a series of houses with four or five rooms each. These buildings all contained groundstones, which was a type of prehistoric stone tool used to process food. Two rooms found in this area contain the highest density of remains of carbonized grapes found in the complex. This suggests that these rooms were associated with grape-processing activity in ancient times. Rooms on the eastern side of the site most likely served as kitchens. Semicircular ovens, large quantities of cooking items, and traces of pyrotechnical actives were found in these rooms.


title: Hirbemerdon Tepe

text: It is unclear what the function of buildings on the western side of the site was used for. Mostly mortars and bowls were found in these rooms. Fewer ground stones were found on the western side of the site than in other areas. One room in this area contains a bowl, a stone seat nearby, and an aniconic clay votive plaque. This suggests this building may have been used as a production area for religious objects. Nearby this area lay a ceremonial sector which consisted of buildings used for ritual purposes. The uppermost building in this area, known as Building Q, was poorly preserved and did not contain any remnants of ancient artifacts. The lower building in this section, known as Building G, was preserved much better. It contains a main entrance pathway that leads to a vestibule that is connected to a room containing a stone altar, a RBWW Cup with the skeleton of a piglet, and two drains. The room was paved with large flagstones. Another room was located next to this one. In this other room, there was a floor deposit filled with pottery sherds sealed off by burned roof beams. A square bench made of mudbrick topping a stone foundation sat along the western side of this room. Mortars, pestles, and grapes of the species Vitis Vinifera were also found in this room. Implying that this area was both used as a ritual site and as a grape processing site. These activities may have been connected in some way.


title: Hirbemerdon Tepe

text: Numerous clay votive plaques were found in the southeastern part of the piazza. These plaques were all made from different types of low-fired clay and were shaped in a rectangular form with a decorated anterior. There were two different types of clay fabrics used to make the plaques. One type consisted exclusively of mineral inclusions, and another type consisted of both mineral and chaff inclusions. Incised, excised, or impressed geometric motifs such as fishbone patterns, triangles, rosettes, zigzag lines, circles, concentric circles, and crosses were all common decorations used on these plaques. Combinations of constating black and red paint were used to emphasize the motifs. The paint would be applied after firing. These plaques were built with a sprout attached to the bottom edge of the decorated side. They typically have a perforated element extending to the top edge of the plaque which was used to display or affix the plaque. Plaques such as these are rarely found at other Middle Bronze Age sites in the region. These plaques contained a hole on the upper edge of the plaque which was used to attach the plaque vertically onto a wall. Numerous figurines depicting human and animal figures were found throughout the piazza. One depicts a naked female figurine with a large belly button whilst holding her breast.


title: Hirbemerdon Tepe

text: The Outer Town of Hirbemerdon Tepe was occupied during the Middle Bronze Age. It consisted of a large area with architecture that was destroyed by the continual flooding of the Tigris River. Archaeological evidence suggests that the buildings in this area were likely continuously destroyed by the flooding, and then rebuilt. Excavators unearthed a long, thick wall facing in a S-N direction, and with two attached walls on the eastern side. Abutting the western side of the wall is a thin wall made of small and medium-sized stones. Two rooms found in this area lacked rooves and had floors made of compacted clay. On the southern end of the high mound, there is a set of ancient architecture which was likely a series of private dwellings. These houses were built using the natural bedrock as a floor and as the foundation for stone walls. They were usually square in shape and were oriented in a S-N direction. To accommodate the natural slope, a terracing system was incorporated into the design.


title: Hirbemerdon Tepe

text: Architecture from the Late Bronze Age at Hirbemerdon Tepe consists of a series of isolated and scattered structures found on top of the piazza. During this time period, there was a considerable decline in the site. There was a noticeable decline in the size of the settlement and the organization and complexity of the structures. The site likely did not exceed a few hundred square meters in size. Most of the structures dating back to the Late Bronze Age were eroded due to their proximity to the northern slope. Due to this, only a few buildings, one set of walls, and a few open spaces have been discovered. Remnants of a poorly preserved mudbrick structure were found in the southeastern corner of the northernmost structure. This room is well preserved compared to other Late Bronze Age architecture at the site. It is made of three walls, with a screen wall located inside with an unidentifiable purpose. Outdoor structures from the Late Bronze Age typically consist of fragments of pebble floors and larger, more compact pebble floors.


title: Hirbemerdon Tepe

text: Architecture from the Early and Middle Iron Age at Hirbemerdon Tepe is spread throughout five areas. These are; Area A, Area B, Step-Trench AC, and Area D. Area A is located on the southern slope of the High Mound. Several intersecting wall segments made of medium-sized stones and two nearby floors were found in Area A. Ceramics and Neo-Assyrian pottery were also found in the area. Area B is located in the northern part of the Outer Town by the right bank of the Tigris River. Pottery and the foundations of walls were found in this area. Much of the architecture from Area B was eroded due to its proximity to a riverbed. Step trench AC-AB is located along the south-central sector of the high mound. It contains two perpendicular walls forming the angle of an enclosed space and a wall with a small arched enclosure made of stones that may have served as a borehole. The architecture was made of medium-sized stones and built on top of the Middle Bronze Age piazza. Area D was built on the southern section of the High Mound and was characterized by a large open-ended room made of two perpendicular stone walls connected by a third wall and a missing fourth wall which was likely eroded.


title: National Council of Education

text: Lord Curzon had introduced the Universities act, 1904, much to the chagrin of the native populace of Bengal who saw this as a means to limit access to English educational institutions from the native populations. The government also decided to disaffiliate many private Indian colleges, which had come up lately and were regarded by the Government as hot beds of nationalist agitation. The measures stirred the educated middle class to move for alternative systems of education. The real impetus though was provided by the partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon, the then Governor-General of India, into East Bengal on the one hand and West Bengal and Odisha on the other. The young men of Bengal were amongst the most active in the Swadeshi movement, and the participation of university students drew the ire of the Raj. R.W. Carlyle prohibited the participation of students in political meetings on the threat of withdrawal of funding and grants. The decade preceding these decrees had seen Bengali intellectuals increasingly calling for indigenous schools and colleges to replace British institutions.


title: National Council of Education

text: On 10 December 1905, the Landholders Society organized a meeting at Park Street, attended by around 1500 delegates, including Rabindranath Tagore, Aurobindo Ghosh, Raja Subodh Chandra Mullick and Brajendra Kishore Roychowdhury. The idea of the National Council of Education was mooted here. While in a meeting held on 9 November 1905 at the Field and Academic Club, Subodh Chandra Mullick pledged Rupees one lakh for the foundation of a National University in Bengal. The objective in setting up the institution that was to challenge the British rule over education by offering education to the masses 'on national lines and under national control'. Generous sums of money were also donated by Brojendra Kishore Roy Choudhury, Maharaja Suryya Kanto Acharya Choudhury and Rashbihari Ghosh, who was appointed the first president of the university. Aurobindo served as the first principal of the college. The organisation in its early days was intricately associated with the nascent revolutionary nationalism in Bengal at the time. It was during his time as Principal that Aurobindo started his nationalist publications Jugantar, Karmayogin and Bande Mataram. The student's mess at the college was frequented by students of East Bengal who belonged to the Dhaka branch of the Anushilan Samiti, and was known to be hotbed of revolutionary nationalism, which was uncontrolled or even encouraged by the college.


title: Lance Wilkinson

text: Neighbours was Bibby's first major long-term role. He went for a general audition, where there were five parts available. Bibby was given the role of Lance, a three-month occasional role. A year later, Bibby auditioned for another character called Jon, who the writers decided to turn into Lance. During the audition, Bibby had to share a scene with various girls to see how they looked together as twins. Brooke Satchwell, an actress Bibby had met before, came in and was given the role of Lance's sister, Anne Wilkinson. Bibby's first day of filming was on location outside the coffee shop set, a day later the actor had to perform a kissing scene with his co-star Rebecca Ritters (Hannah Martin), which he said was "a bit embarrassing!" Bibby was fifteen years old and still in school when he joined the cast. He eventually completed his VCE without taking a break from the serial. Of joining Neighbours, the actor stated "I was excited and a bit nervous when I started. At the time it was just another job for me and I didn't really know how long it would last."


title: Lance Wilkinson

text: After Lance placed some bets while watching the horse racing, he soon became hooked on gambling. The problem worsened when Lance became involved with an illegal bookie, who later gave him a fright when he came to collect his money. Lance learned to conceal his addiction and Bibby explained "He only realises he has a problem when Amy ends their relationship. She finds out he's been lying to her and has lost much money. What started out as a bit of fun has become very dangerous." Lance's gambling problem continued to get out of hand and after using up his money to bet on the horses, he eventually decided to steal from his mother to make another bet. Bibby commented that Lance could not stop himself. Lance decided to make one last bet to wipe out his debts and he took his mother's fob watch. Lance then faked a break in. Bibby said "He feels really guilty about what's he's done, but convinces himself that this will be his one last bet." Lance won the bet and his friend, Chris Burgess (Nathan Bocskay), delivered his money to him during Anne's birthday party. Anne witnessed the exchange and threatened to tell Ruth and Philip Martin (Ian Rawlings). Bibby told an Inside Soap writer that Anne's threat is what makes Lance finally begin to realise that his gambling has got out of control.


title: Lance Wilkinson

text: Writers created an on-screen partnership between Lance and Amy. They eventually break-up and writers paired Lance with Megan Townsend (Allison Byrne). Despite his new romance, Amy continued to play a central role to his story. Amy begins interfering in their relationship because she wants to protect Lance from Megan. Bibby told Belinda Young (TV Week) that Amy dislikes Megan and decides to follow them. Bibby stated that "Lance's love life is interesting" because he has two blonde females fighting over him. Lance becomes concerned about Amy's reluctance to accept Megan and accuses her of being a stalker. Bibby explained that there is "a series of coincidences where Amy happens to be in the same place Lance is, so Lance jumps to the conclusion that she must be stalking him." Writers initially depicted Lance in enjoyment over Amy's jealously but this changes when Amy sabotages Lance and Megan's romantic evening. He later realises that Megan is just "stringing him along" and they break-up. Despite his newfound single status, the pair continue to play a "jealous mind game". Bibby stated that "Lance has to eat his words and what's worse is that Amy rubs it in." Bibby was hopeful that Lance and Amy would reunite because their mutual attraction always remained.


title: Lance Wilkinson

text: Lance helps Allana get away from her mother and they decide to go travelling in America. Lance enters a radio quiz in order to win some money. He becomes popular with listeners and the radio station bosses decide to feed him the answers, to keep him on air. Lance exposes the scam and he and Allana leave Erinsborough for the United States, where they set up their own sci-fi convention. Four years later, Lance returns to Erinsborough for a Star Trek: Deep Space Nine convention and he decides to visit his old friends. He attends the viewing of Annalise Hartman's (Kimberly Davies) documentary about Ramsay Street and is surprised to see Amy make an appearance. Lance competes with Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey) for Toadie's friendship before heading home to Allana. Lance returns thirteen years later to celebrate a belated 1990s-themed 21st birthday party for Toadie, where he, Toadie, Stuart Parker (Blair McDonough) and Stonefish Rebecchi (Anthony Engleman) dress as The Teletubbies. Four years later, Lance sends Toadie and his new wife, Melanie Pearson congratulations in pre-recorded message on their wedding day. Lance later arrives for the wedding reception and he reveals that he has agreed to be Amy's sperm donor.


title: Lucky Day (film)

text: Meanwhile, contract killer Luc, recently taken off of the no-fly list, enters the country searching for Red, leaving the airport by killing a man and taking his car. While acquiring weaponry from an associate of his, Jean-Jacques, at his bar, having sex with Jean-Jacques's girlfriend as "payment" for the weaponry, Jean-Jacques explains to his friends that Luc is in charge of "retirement" for "the Commission" and that they should be as terrified of him as he himself is, begging his cockiest friend not to insult Luc or try to kill him. After Luc returns without Jean-Jacques's girlfriend and the cockiest friend inquires about her, Luc claims off-hand to have killed her to prevent there being any small talk, which Jean-Jacques accepts, only for Jean-Jacques's friend to insult him. Luc then shoots Jean-Jacques's friend and asks the other whether he was aware that Jean-Jacques has been embezzling from the Commission. After the friend responds that Jean-Jacques has, Jean-Jacques goes for his shotgun only for Luc to shoot him, inadvertently setting off Jean-Jacques's gun and killing the other friend. As he makes his way through town, Luc shoots the owner of a lowrider and joyrides it around town, before killing two cops after they attempt to stop him.


title: Lucky Day (film)

text: At the art gallery at which she is preparing to have an exhibition of her paintings that night, Chloe's boss Derrek Blarney attempts to proposition her, only for her to reveal that Red has been released from prison. Outraged at the rejection, Derrek threatens to take back the loan Chloe has been living off of since Red's incarceration if she does not sell any paintings that night. That night, Red and Le Roi attend Chloe's exhibition; Le Roi restrains Red from insulting the critics who are insulting his wife's character. Red questions Chloe about Ernesto Sanchez' presence at the exhibition, revealing that he is an avid art collector and is genuinely interested in the art. Elsewhere, Luc arrives at Red's house looking for him, killing Lolita as Bea flees, before discovering the location of the exhibition from a card left on Chloe's table. As Derrek attempts to again seduce Chloe, Bea arrives looking for her; Red spots Luc arriving and shouts a warning to her, allowing Chloe and Bea to flee as Luc shoots in Red's direction, mortally wounding Le Roi, who gives Red the key to his safe. Ernesto Sanchez then shoots at Luc, who in response ends up killing almost all of the critics present, before leaving to pursue Red.


title: Lucky Day (film)

text: After Luc climbs atop Red's car in an attempt to kill him, Red shoots Luc's gun at the ceiling of the car, knocking him off of it. After Chloe questions him on Luc's presence, Red reveals Luc is the brother of his partner in the bank heist who was shot by police, and that he would likely be looking for the bearer bonds Red had pretended were destroyed, which in fact he had Le Roi smuggle via tunnels leading to his basement. They decide to proceed to Le Roi's basement to retrieve the money. As Red enters the basement, Luc catches up with the car on-foot, holding Chloe hostage as Bea runs inside towards her father. After Red offers Luc the bonds and himself in exchange for his family's lives, Luc reveals that he was unaware of the bonds' existence and merely blames Red for living in his brother's place, considering them a nice surprise for after he kills him and his family. Red moves in front of her as Luc fires, unintentionally knocking her into the safe. Luc overlooks the short-breathed Red and locks the safe, informing him that he will hear her suffocating before he dies from the gunshot.


title: Modern Combat 3: Fallen Nation

text: The unit is then sent to infiltrate Kijang, a K.P.R. village used to store WMDs. During the raid, Popovitch manages to capture Downs and Walker. The last thing they are told before they are knocked unconscious is that they have failed and their efforts will prove fruitless as nuclear missiles are to be launched at the US. After being locked up, Downs and Walker manage to escape their cells. Popovitch flees, but Walker and Downs are able to disarm two of three nuclear missiles. Upon reaching the third missile however, they discover Popovitch had changed the launch codes. With no other choice, they plant C-4 explosives on the missile and head after Popovich, in what seemed to be a suicide mission. Upon reaching him, the missile explodes, killing all of Popovich's guards, and incapacitating Walker. Moments later, Walker awakens to find Popovitch beating a near-unconscious Downs. Despite being dazed by the explosion, Walker manages to push Popovitch onto a sharp pipe, and stabs him in the neck before Popovich shoots him. The game concludes as an extraction helicopter arrives, and Downs muses, "What kind of booze do you think they sell here?"


title: Modern Combat 3: Fallen Nation

text: IGN's Justin Davis called it "a huge, intense, and polished shooter. Modern Combat 3 is the best FPS on mobile devices." Rob Rich of 148Apps said, "Modern Combat 3 looks great, no question, but it's the smaller details like animations and the occasional slow motion kill shot that really draw the eye. But really, I think the reason I've enjoyed my time with the game so much is because it's just so...enjoyable. The over-the-top set piece moments are surprisingly grand for a handheld device and the multiplayer, with its experienced earned currency-driven weapon unlocks and customizations is excellent." Pocket Gamer's Will Wilson accused the iOS version of a "lack of maturity", criticizing certain aspects of the design and saying, "there are the unintentionally hilarious moments that keep cropping up, like when your AI companion keeps shouting the wrong squad name during the Alaskan levels, or when he 'drags' you to safety by slightly moving your arm. These give the game an unwelcome knock-off quality." However, he praised the general gameplay, arguing that "in terms of single-player, MC3 gets far closer to Call of Duty than previous efforts, thanks to what feels like an almost relentless series of set-pieces. Buildings caving in on top of your character, tanks bursting through walls, and helicopters swooping to take you down are all present, and the game does a good job of stringing these together." Overall, he felt the good points of the game outweighed the bad, but only just, saying, "as long as your expectations aren't set too high, Modern Combat 3 is a fine addition to your iOS library However, it's still a game of compromises. It still asks you to ignore the awful AI, clumsy level design, and awkward touchscreen controls."


title: Modern Combat 3: Fallen Nation

text: Slide to Play's Chris Reed was more impressed, concluding that "Modern Combat 3 is a gorgeous, adrenaline rush of a game that capably answers the (mobile) call of duty." TouchArcade's Troy Woodfield argued that "if you want to play first person shooters on your iOS device, Modern Combat 3: Fallen Nation is a must-buy game." TouchGen's Nigel Wood was equally impressed, calling it "unmissable" and praising many elements. He called the single player campaign "the best single player FPS experience on iOS to date." He also praised the graphics ("the most accomplished iOS game at pulling off a real world experience so far. Props to the great blur effects when you run and turn. Sure, it may not boast the best textures, lighting or animation, but as an overall package it all comes together beautifully") and the multiplayer ("Modern Combat's multiplayer is more than good, it's excellent. Part of what makes it so great is its depth. First off, you've got 100 ranks to reach and a huge range of weapons to unlock as you level up through your kills. That alone is going to keep you busy for many, many months. But each weapon also has multiple attachments You've also got challenges that charge you with achieving specific actions that span each weapon, in-game behaviour, attachments and game modes. Challenges like gain 20 kills with a certain gun, complete 50 revenge kills (killing the person who just killed you). And that's not all. Once you've unlocked a few of the heavy hitting guns, you can customise your weapon load outs. For the first time on iOS, kill chain rewards make an appearance so you can blow the entire map to kingdom come once you've whacked 20 players in a row."


title: Lipid bilayer fusion

text: The exact mechanisms behind this complex sequence of events are still a matter of debate. To simplify the system and allow more definitive study, many experiments have been performed in vitro with synthetic lipid vesicles. These studies have shown that divalent cations play a critical role in the fusion process by binding to negatively charged lipids such as phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. One role on these ions in the fusion process is to shield the negative charge on the surface of the bilayer, diminishing electrostatic repulsion and allowing the membranes to approach each other. This is clearly not the only role, however, since there is an extensively documented difference in the ability of Mg2+ versus Ca2+ to induce fusion. Although Mg2+ will induce extensive aggregation it will not induce fusion, while Ca2+ induces both. It has been proposed that this discrepancy is due to a difference in extent of dehydration. Under this theory, calcium ions bind more strongly to charged lipids, but less strongly to water. The resulting displacement of calcium for water destabilizes the lipid-water interface and promotes intimate interbilayer contact. A recently proposed alternative hypothesis is that the binding of calcium induces a destabilizing lateral tension. Whatever the mechanism of calcium-induced fusion, the initial interaction is clearly electrostatic, since zwitterionic lipids are not susceptible to this effect.


title: Lipid bilayer fusion

text: In the fusion process, the lipid head group is not only involved in charge density, but can affect dehydration and defect nucleation. These effects are independent of the effects of ions. The presence of the uncharged headgroup phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) increases fusion when incorporated into a phosphatidylcholine bilayer. This phenomenon has been explained by some as a dehydration effect similar to the influence of calcium. The PE headgroup binds water less tightly than PC and therefore may allow close apposition more easily. An alternate explanation is that the physical rather than chemical nature of PE may help induce fusion. According to the stalk hypothesis of fusion, a highly curved bridge must form between the two bilayers for fusion to occur. Since PE has a small headgroup and readily forms inverted micelle phases it should, according to the stalk model, promote the formation of these stalks. Further evidence cited in favor of this theory is the fact that certain lipid mixtures have been shown to only support fusion when raised above the transition temperature of these inverted phases. This topic also remains controversial, and even if there is a curved structure present in the fusion process, there is debate in the literature over whether it is a cubic, hexagonal or more exotic extended phase.


title: Lipid bilayer fusion

text: In studies of molecular and cellular biology it is often desirable to artificially induce fusion. Although this can be accomplished with the addition of calcium as discussed earlier, this procedure is often not feasible because calcium regulates many other biochemical processes and its addition would be a strong confound. Also, as mentioned, calcium induces massive aggregation as well as fusion. The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) causes fusion without significant aggregation or biochemical disruption. This procedure is now used extensively, for example by fusing B-cells with myeloma cells. The resulting "hybridoma" from this combination expresses a desired antibody as determined by the B-cell involved, but is immortalized due to the myeloma component. The mechanism of PEG fusion has not been definitively identified, but some researchers believe that the PEG, by binding a large number of water molecules, effectively decreases the chemical activity of the water and thus dehydrates the lipid headgroups. Fusion can also be artificially induced through electroporation in a process known as electrofusion. It is believed that this phenomenon results from the energetically active edges formed during electroporation, which can act as the local defect point to nucleate stalk growth between two bilayers.


title: Stefan Themerson

text: During these years the Themersons lived and worked in Warsaw. Stefan contributed articles to various periodicals and prose and verse to school textbooks and wrote at least ten books for children which Franciszka illustrated. Pan Tom Buduje Dom, Mr Rouse Builds His House is still in print in Poland. Stefan also experimented with photograms and the two of them made five short experimental films Apteka (The Pharmacy) , Europa , Drobiazg Melodyjny (Musical Moment) , Zwarcie (Short Circuit) and Przygoda Człowieka Poczciwego (The Adventures of a Good Citizen) . These were shown with other experimental films of the time. All except Przygoda Człowieka Poczciwego, which remained in Warsaw, were lost in Paris in the Second World War, but the script for Europa, based on a poem by Anatol Stern was later published by the Themersons' Gaberbocchus Press, illustrated by surviving stills from the film and Apteka and Drobiazg melodyjny were remade by Bruce Checefsky from descriptions of them when they first appeared, stills and storyboards. In 1983 Stefan, now living in London, made a reconstruction of the film with the London Film-Makers' Co-op. An incomplete copy of the original film was found in an archive in Berlin in 2019. Following restitution to the Themerson Estate, it was donated to the British Film Institute for conservation and preservation.


title: Stefan Themerson

text: In 1936 and 1937 the Themersons visited Paris, then the centre of the world for avant-garde art, and London, meeting Moholy-Nagy and other experimental artists and arranged first screenings of French and English avant-garde films on their return to Warsaw. They also founded a review Film Artistique, Stefan as editor, Franciszka as artistic editor (the journal of the film-makers' co-operative). Two issues were published, one on the French avant-garde, one on recent English film. A third issue, on the Polish Avant-garde, was planned but remained unpublished when, in the winter of 1937–38 they moved to Paris: "I just knew I had to be in Paris." Themerson said. Here they found a circle of artists and writers, many Polish, among whom to live and move. Themerson wrote for various Polish publications in Paris; Franciszka started to paint, and illustrated children's books for Flammarion. They planned to stay there, but – as for most of their generation – the outbreak of World War II changed their lives. With the declaration of war in 1939, the Themersons both enlisted, Stefan joined the Polish Army in the West forming in France after the German and Soviet invasions and partition of Poland. Franciszka was seconded to the Polish government-in-exile as a cartographer, first in France then from 1940 in London after the Fall of France.


title: Stefan Themerson

text: In 1940 Themerson volunteered for a Polish infantry regiment in France, just in time for the German invasion and the Allies' collapse. His memory was of marching day and night in the summer heat to St-Nazaire. There, in June, the regiment was disbanded, the officers abandoning their men and the men dispersing where they could. Themerson travelled inside France, first returning (on foot) to occupied Paris, then on to Toulouse, where, through the Polish Red Cross, he re-established contact with Franciszka. She had been working for the Polish Government in Exile as a cartographer in Paris and Normandy and had subsequently escaped to London on a troopship from Bayonne. Meanwhile, he spent time in refugee camps, worked as a farm labourer, and spent nearly two years in a Polish Red Cross hostel, the Hôtel de la Poste in Voiron. Here he began writing Professor Mmaa's Lecture in Polish and wrote the long poem in French Croquis dans les Ténèbres (Sketches in Darkness). Much of their sporadic correspondence from the years 1940–1942 concerned attempts to engineer Stefan's escape from France.


title: Stefan Themerson

text: Towards the end of 1942 Themerson got across France via Marseille and Spain to Lisbon whence he was flown to Britain by the R.A.F., rejoining his wife and re-enlisting in the Polish army. He spent time with the army in Scotland, where he finished Professor Mmaa, and then was sent to join the film unit of the Polish Ministry of Information and Documentation in London. There he and Franciszka, commissioned by the Polish Ministry of Information and Documentation, made two further short films, Calling Mr. Smith, an account of Nazi atrocities in Poland and The Eye and the Ear, inspired by four Julian Tuwim songs set to music by Szymanowski. In 1944 at the PEN club meeting to celebrate the three hundredth anniversary of John Milton's Areopagitica, Themerson met Kurt Schwitters, who became a close friend until Schwitters' death in 1948. At about the same time he met others who remained close, including Jankel Adler, Julian Trevelyan and Anthony Froshaug. Also in 1944 the Themersons moved to Maida Vale, where they lived for the rest of their lives. A close neighbour was the experimental poet and publisher Bob Cobbing with whom the Themersons kept close relations.


title: Stefan Themerson

text: Stefan and Franciszka Themerson published many of their works through their own Gaberbocchus Press (the Latinised version of Jabberwocky) from 1948 to 1979. Most were designed and illustrated by Franciszka. They also worked with the translators Barbara Wright and Stanley Chapman, and the artist Gwen Barnard. Their list of some 70 titles included works by Guillaume Apollinaire, Jankel Adler and Kurt Schwitters, the first English translation of Alfred Jarry's Ubu Roi, Raymond Queneau's Exercises in Style and The Good Citizen's Alphabet by Bertrand Russell. The latter wrote an encouraging preface to Professor Mmaa's Lecture. Influenced by Queneau and his Oulipo circle, whom they visited in 1950, Stefan was the inventor of Semantic Poetry . His work was published in 0 to 9 magazine, a US publication which explored language and meaning-making. He wrote an opera, 'St. Francis and the Wolf of Gubbio' . In 1981, Themerson delivered the annual Huizinga Lecture in Leiden in the Netherlands, under the title "The Chair of Decency". He died in London a few weeks after the death of his wife, in September 1988.


title: 2020 CD3

text: The possibility of 2020 CD3 impacting Earth has been considered by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Sentry risk table. JPL's solution accounts for non-gravitational forces as the multi-decade motion of a very small object is greatly affected by solar heating. Being only a few meters in size, an impact by 2020 CD3 would pose no threat to Earth as it would most likely fragment and disintegrate upon atmospheric entry. With a cumulative impact probability of 2.5%, it is listed as the most likely object to impact Earth, but because of the harmless size of 2020 CD3, it is given a Torino Scale rating of 0 and a cumulative Palermo Scale rating of –5.20 Within the next 100 years, the date with the highest probability of impact is 9 September 2082, which is estimated to have an impact probability of 0.85% and a negligible Palermo Scale rating of –5.66. JPL Horizon's nominal orbit has the asteroid passing 0.00251 AU (375 thousand km) from Earth on 8 October 2082 (29 days after the virtual impactor).


title: Back from the Grave, Volume 4 (LP)

text: Back from the Grave, Volume 4 (LP) is the fourth installment in the Back from the Grave series of garage rock compilations assembled by Tim Warren of Crypt Records. It was released in 1984. In keeping with all of the entries in the series, and as indicated in the subheading which reads "Wild Mid-60s Garage Punk Screamers," this collection consists of songs which display the rawer and more aggressive side of the genre and are often characterized by the use of fuzztone-distorted guitars and rough vocals. The set generally excludes psychedelic, folk rock, and pop-influenced material in favor of basic primitive rock and roll. The packaging features well-researched liner notes written by Tim Warren which convey basic information about each song and group, such as origin, recording date, and biographical sketches, usually written in a conversational style that includes occasional slang, anecdotes, humorous asides. The liner notes are noticeably opinionated, sometimes engaging in tongue-in-cheek insults directed at other genres of music. The packaging also includes photographs of the bands, and the front cover features a highly satirical cartoon by Mort Todd depicting revivified "rock and roll" zombies who, on this occasion, with the help of Batman's sidekick, Robin, have taken the 1966 TV series Batmobile out for a "wild joyride" and are intent on causing as much mayhem as possible and "lassoing" unsuspecting bystanders—only on this outing, their "victims" are more "randomly selected" than as customarily portrayed on Back from the Grave sleeves.


title: Back from the Grave, Volume 4 (LP)

text: Back from the Grave, Volumes 3 and 4 (CD) is a remastered CD that combines into one disc volumes 3 and 4 of the original 1983 and 1984 LPs in the Back from the Grave series of garage rock compilations out by Tim Warren of Crypt Records. This CD was released in 2015. It is not to be confused with the older Back from the Grave, Volume 3 and Back from the Grave, Volume 4 CDs released from 1996 to 2000, which differed dramatically from their LP counterparts in terms of track selection. This new CD is a part of a new Back from the Grave sub-series of CDs which attempts to more faithfully replicate the song selection original LPs, bringing the series for the first time into multi-media coherence. Like the LP's, the packaging features well-researched liner notes written by Tim Warren which convey basic information about each song and group, such as origin, recording date, and biographical sketches. The packaging also includes photographs of the bands, and the front cover (taken from the Volume 3 LP) features a highly satirical cartoon by Mort Todd. The track list to the Volumes 3 and 4 CD is similar to the corresponding LPs, but there are some differences.


title: Linear approximation

text: The electrical resistivity of most materials changes with temperature. If the temperature T does not vary too much, a linear approximation is typically used: ρ ( T ) = ρ 0 [ 1 + α ( T − T 0 ) ] {\displaystyle \rho (T)=\rho _{0}} where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is called the temperature coefficient of resistivity, T 0 {\displaystyle T_{0}} is a fixed reference temperature (usually room temperature), and ρ 0 {\displaystyle \rho _{0}} is the resistivity at temperature T 0 {\displaystyle T_{0}} . The parameter α {\displaystyle \alpha } is an empirical parameter fitted from measurement data. Because the linear approximation is only an approximation, α {\displaystyle \alpha } is different for different reference temperatures. For this reason it is usual to specify the temperature that α {\displaystyle \alpha } was measured at with a suffix, such as α 15 {\displaystyle \alpha _{15}} , and the relationship only holds in a range of temperatures around the reference. When the temperature varies over a large temperature range, the linear approximation is inadequate and a more detailed analysis and understanding should be used.


title: Jack Nicklaus' Unlimited Golf & Course Design

text: The computer version received praise for its graphics and course designer. Jeff Prosise of PC Magazine considered it to be "the best, most realistic golf simulation on the market", and praised the sound and various game options. PC Magazine's Jonathan Matzkin ranked it among the magazine's compilation of the best games of 1990. Amazing Computing considered the game superior to its 1988 predecessor, praising the "nicer" graphics and stating that they load faster than the previous game, although others criticized the slow reanimation. Albert Kim of Sports Illustrated considered the game entertaining and praised the course designer, but stated that the designer took some time to master, with the instruction manual being 156 pages long. Boston Herald called it "one of the best computer golf games available," and praised its add-on course disks. Michael J. Himowitz of The Baltimore Evening Sun praised the gameplay, realistic courses, and various camera angles. Tom Malcom of .info considered it to be the best golf game available up to that time.


text: Several critics reviewed the game's Amiga re-release. Amiga Action considered the graphics to be average and stated that it was "far too easy to mess a shot up." The magazine further wrote that the game possibly had the thickest instruction manual ever for a golfing game, with more than half of it devoted to the course designer, and stated that designing courses would be fun, but "the long wait for the whole thing to activate isn't worth it." Jonathan Davies, then writing for Amiga Power, stated that the course designer "works undeniably well," but that it would only appeal to hardcore golfers. Davies considered PGA Tour and Nick Faldo's Championship Golf to be superior games. Tony Dillon of CU Amiga criticized the graphics for being blocky, simple, and repetitive. Dillon also criticized the gameplay, writing that it alternated between too easy and too difficult. The One Amiga praised the game's graphics and various options, including the course designer, but criticized the sluggish controls and inconsistent shot accuracy.


title: Nassau William Senior

text: Senior regarded political economy as a deductive science, of inferences from four elementary propositions, which are not assumptions but facts. It concerns itself, however, with wealth only and can therefore give no political advice. He pointed out inconsistencies of terminology in David Ricardo's works: for example, his use of value in the sense of cost of production, high and low wages in the sense of a certain proportion of the product as dilute amount and his employment of the epithets fixed and circulating as applied to capital. He argued, too, that in some cases the premises assumed by Ricardo are false. He cited the assertions that rent depends on the difference of fertility of the different portions of land in cultivation; that the laborer always receives precisely the necessaries or what custom leads him to consider the necessaries, of life; that as wealth and population advance, agricultural labor becomes less and less proportionately productive and therefore the share of the produce taken by the landlord and the laborer must constantly increase, but that taken by the capitalist must constantly diminish. He denied the truth of all the propositions.


title: Martin W. Lewis

text: In a 2010 interview he gave to Leonhardt van Efferink from Exploring Geopolitics, Lewis defined metageography as the often overlooked spatial frameworks through which knowledge is organized in social sciences and humanities. He criticized metageographies for oversimplifying the world and transforming specific places into cultural essences. Lewis argued that metageographical constructs are inherently ideological and influenced by different ideological systems. While acknowledging metageographies as intellectual constructs, he rejected the notion that they are merely social constructs. Regarding postmodernism, Lewis appreciated its questioning of received categories but criticized its tendency to erase its own position and indulge in too much theory. He noted the fallacy of unit comparability, challenging the practice of portraying all countries as comparable units, and advocated for a cosmopolitan perspective that pays attention to all parts of the world and organizes information based on size and population.


title: Johannesburg Light Horse Regiment

text: Returning to South Africa the 1st Battalion along with the 2nd were reorganised and amalgamated with the Kimberley Regiment to form the Imperial Light Horse/Kimberley Regiment. In September 1943 the regiment sailed for North Africa and joined the South African 6th Armoured Division in Egypt as a motorised battalion under command of Colonel R. Reeves-Moore, DSO MC. On 21 April 1944 the Regiment disembarked in Taranto as part of the 6th Armoured Division to join the British 8th Army in the Italian campaign. The Regiment was assigned to the South African 12th Motorised Brigade which was detached from the 6th Armoured Division (which initially formed part of the reserves) and move up to Isernia and relieve the 11th Canadian Infantry Brigade in fighting in the mountains above Monte Cassino. They held these positions until after the fall of Monte Cassino and the breakout from the Anzio beachhead, when they withdrew and were reunited with the 6th Armoured Division. The regiment then advanced with the 6th Division as part of the I Canadian Corps until they were north of Rome. The regiment entered Florence on 4 August 1944, then as part of the 11th South African Armoured Brigade.


title: Blaye

text: Blaye (French: ⓘ; Occitan: Blaia pronounced ) is a commune and subprefecture in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. For centuries, Blaye was a particularly convenient crossing point for those who came from the north and went to Bordeaux or further south, to Spain and Portugal. Fortified since antiquity, this eminently strategic site located on the bank of a large river, was modernized at the end of the 17th century, thanks to Vauban. In 1685, the Commissaire general des fortifications of Louis XIV proposed the construction of a real lock on the Gironde in order to "take control of the river" and to hold Bordeaux in case of a revolt. It is then that the citadel of Blaye was built, constituting the major element of the estuary control system. Dominating the urban landscape, this imposing building has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2008, as part of a group of structures engineered by Vauban, in testimony to their global influence on military architecture and planning over the next few centuries.


title: Grey tit

text: The grey tit was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the tits in the genus Parus and coined the binomial name Parus afer. Gmelin based his account on the "black-breasted titmouse" that had been described in 1783 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his book A General Synopsis of Birds. Latham had examined a specimen from the Cape of Good Hope that formed part of the collection of the naturalist Joseph Banks. The grey tit was moved to the genus Melaniparus based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2013 that found that a group of species formed a distinct clade. The genus Melaniparus had been introduced in 1850 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek melas, melanos "black" and the genus Parus introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The specific epithet afer is Latin meaning "African".


title: Tom Ganley

text: On September 30, 2010, a 39-year-old Cleveland woman filed a lawsuit against Ganley in civil court, accusing him of sexual assault and attempted rape. The lawsuit alleges that Ganley propositioned and groped the woman, whom he met at a Tea Party rally, when she approached him about volunteering for his campaign. She later amended the complaint to include employment discrimination, based on her claim that Ganley wouldn't give her a job because she refused his sexual advances. Ganley's attorney said that the charges amounted to extortion and that they were motivated by politics. The woman, a Republican Tea Party activist, sought more than $25,000 in damages. On March 15, 2011, a Cuyahoga County Grand Jury indicted Ganley on seven counts, including three counts of gross sexual imposition, one count of kidnapping, one count of abduction, one count of soliciting and one count of menacing by stalking. The Cuyahoga County Prosecutor dropped the charges in July, 2011 after the victim expressed a desire not to go to trial.


title: 1998 Argentine Grand Prix

text: The two Saubers collided en route to the grid. At the start of the race, Michael Schumacher was caught out by Mika Häkkinen, while David Coulthard maintained his first place. Schumacher passed Häkkinen at the start of the second lap. On the same lap, Eddie Irvine overtook Heinz-Harald Frentzen. By lap 4, Schumacher caught up with Coulthard, and on the next lap the Scotsman took the wrong line, and Schumacher went past. The two cars touched, and Coulthard slid off the track, and rejoined in sixth place. The race then became one between Schumacher, stopping twice, and Häkkinen, on a one-stop strategy. Schumacher's plan proved to be the right one, as he emerged in front following his second stop, after Häkkinen lost time behind Heinz-Harald Frentzen. Behind Häkkinen and the two Ferraris, Jacques Villeneuve was under attack from Jean Alesi and Coulthard. When Esteban Tuero came into the pits, one of his tyres was missing. Eventually, one of the mechanics found it in the garage. Coulthard was slowed by gearbox problems and lost further ground when he tangled with Jacques Villeneuve, putting the Canadian out, while the Scot collected the solitary point for sixth place behind Häkkinen, Eddie Irvine, Alexander Wurz, and Sauber's Jean Alesi. In the lead, Schumacher collected the victory.


title: Javier Báez

text: Báez attended Arlington Country Day School (ACD) in Jacksonville, Florida. His coach at ACD, Ron Dickerson, noted that initially scouts were not impressed by him, noting his talent, but not believing he could become a star. Dickerson emphasized that Báez's work ethic was responsible for positioning him as a real prospect. As a sophomore, he had a .463 batting average with 38 hits, of which nine were doubles and 13 were home runs. Making 82 plate appearances in 25 games, he also gathered 60 runs batted in (RBIs). By the time his junior season was over, Báez was a highly rated Aflac All-American. In his senior season, he recorded 64 hits in 83 at-bats to gather an average of .771, which included 20 doubles and 10 home runs. In total, Báez recorded 52 RBIs in 30 games. During his time at ACD, he never played a position steadily. After working at second base, Báez was moved to shortstop once the team lost a player. Besides these positions, he also played as a center fielder and as a catcher. He committed to play college baseball at Jacksonville University.


title: Javier Báez

text: The ability of Báez to apply quick tags of opposing players attempting to steal second base was acknowledged as among the best ever. Cubs manager Joe Maddon said, "A lot of our success is based on defense, and Javy is so important to that." Báez finished the 2017 regular season with a .273 average, 23 home runs, 24 doubles, 75 RBIs, 75 runs scored, and 10 stolen bases. He was a consistent member of the Cubs' starting lineup at second base (573 innings) and at shortstop (503 innings) filling in for the injured Addison Russell. Báez was 0-for-23 in the NLCS except for the two solo home runs during Game 4. Báez was the recipient of the Fielding Bible's Multi-Position award for the second straight season. John Dewan of the FB organization stated, "Báez possesses arm strength that is above average when he plays on the left side of the diamond, and it becomes downright ridiculous when he is playing second base," says Dewan. "He believes he can make every throw on the diamond, and the vast majority of the time he is correct."


title: Javier Báez

text: On May 27, 2021, with a runner on second and two outs, Báez hit a routine ground ball to the third baseman, who threw to first for the put-out. The throw pulled the first baseman off the bag toward home plate, which allowed the Cubs player on second (Willson Contreras) to safely reach third, who briefly paused in anticipation for the tag out. Instead, Báez stopped his run and ran back towards home plate, with first baseman Will Craig approaching to tag Báez out. The ensuing chase allowed an opportunity for the runner on third an attempt at home plate. The first baseman tossed the ball to the catcher, who missed a swipe tag on Contreras, who was sliding toward home plate. In the meantime, Báez headed to a now-unoccupied first base, which caused second baseman Adam Frazier to rush towards first, but catcher Michael Pérez threw behind Frazier and thus enabled Báez to safely reach first. Báez was able to advance to second base on the wild throw. Báez was ruled to have reached first on an error by the first baseman, and then to have advanced to second on another error by the catcher.


title: Javier Báez

text: On April 5, 2023, Báez was benched by manager A. J. Hinch for "rest purposes" after batting .100/.143/.100 in the first five games. He did enter the game during the seventh-inning, where he grounded into a double play. Just nine days later, Báez was again benched, this time in the second inning of the game. After hitting a double where he didn't run hard out of the box, he was doubled off of second base following a routine pop-up where, much like the incident with the Cubs in 2021, he mistakenly thought there were two outs. Hinch pulled Báez into the tunnel with him, telling him he would be benched. Báez later went on to say, "My mind is everywhere right now," and "I'm just trying to focus on my hitting and my timing". A day later, on April 14, Báez went 2-for-3 with a double, two walks, two runs batted in, and a run scored. His performance helped the Tigers defeat the Giants, 7–5 in the 11th inning. The next game, Báez, again, hit a two-run double in the 8th-inning, scoring Riley Greene and Nick Maton. He then scored from a single by Spencer Torkelson to tie the game at 6–6. The Tigers went on to win their second-straight game in the 11th inning when Miguel Cabrera hit a walk-off single to win, 7–6. In the two games after being benched, the Tigers went 2–0 and Báez went 4-for-8 on ten at-bats, two doubles, four runs batted in, two walks, two strikeouts, and an OPS of 1.350.


title: Javier Báez

text: Baéz again played for the Puerto Rican national team in the 2023 World Baseball Classic. On March 11, 2023, Báez participated in his first WBC game against the Nicaragua national baseball team, where he went 2-for-4 with a run and an RBI. Against the Israel national baseball team, Báez helped his team with a 2-for-3 slate with two RBIs, two runs, and a steal of third in the first inning. Puerto Rico would finish with a perfect game in eight innings to a score of 10–0. Puerto Rico finished Classic Pool Play with a record of 3–1. This qualified them as runner-ups in Pool D, behind the 4–0 Venezuela national baseball team. They played the Mexico national baseball team in Quarterfinal 4. In the quarterfinals, Báez and Eddie Rosario hit back-to-back home runs in the first inning. Mexico would make a comeback to win with a score of 5–4, but Báez finished 3-for-4 with a home run, two RBIs, and a run. Báez finished the 2023 tournament with a slash line of .368/.368/.667, a home run, three doubles, seven total hits, six RBIs, four runs scored, and a stolen base. He was voted as the second baseman of the 2023 All-World Baseball Classic team. Team Puerto Rico qualified for the 2026 World Baseball Classic after finishing in 6th place.


title: Lancaster Priory

text: An organ was installed between 1809 and 1811 by George Pike England at a cost of £672. Between 1868 and 1871 the local architects Paley and Austin restored the chancel, and added a new organ chamber and vestry. In 1872 the old organ was replaced by a new one in the north aisle. In 1887 a peal of eight new bells, donated by James Williamson, was rung for the first time and in 1894 a clergy vestry was built adjacent to the choir vestry. A south porch designed by Austin and Paley was added in 1903 and in the same year an outer north aisle with a polygonal apse was built. This aisle is the memorial chapel to the King's Own Royal Lancaster Regiment. In 1922 the organ was rebuilt by Harrison & Harrison of Durham. In 1972 the bells were overhauled and re-hung. The pipe organ was replaced in 1982 by an electronic organ made by J. and J. Makin, and in the same year the choir and clergy vestries were converted into a refectory. In 2012 a pipe organ was installed by David Wells Organ Builder of Liverpool. It restored to use two redundant instruments, now linked into one scheme played from a single detached console. The organ in the west gallery was built by Henry Willis for St John's Church, Blackpool in 1915, and the organ in the north choir aisle was built by Harrison and Harrison in 1908 for Blackburn Girls' School.


title: Lancaster Priory

text: The church is built in sandstone with roofs of slate and lead. Its plan consists of a west tower, a four-bay nave and a four-bay chancel with a clerestory under a continuous roof, north and south aisles and a south porch. At the east end of the north aisle is St Nicholas' chapel and at the east end of the south aisle is St Thomas' chapel. To the north of the north aisle, occupying the west four bays, is the King's Own Regiment Memorial chapel and to the east of this is the refectory and kitchen. The parapets of the aisles and nave are embattled. The south porch has two storeys with a staircase turret to the east, and crocketed pinnacles. The east window has five lights and Perpendicular tracery. The tower is in four stages surmounted by corner pinnacles and an embattled parapet. In the first stage is a south doorway and above this in the second stage is a four-light window. The third stage has a round window above which is a clock face. The bell openings in the fourth stage have four lights.


title: The Killjoys (British band)

text: Kevin Rowland (vocals, a trained hairdresser), Ghislaine "Gil" Weston (a.k.a. "Gem", bass guitar), and Mark Philips (guitar) had been members of the mid-1970s Roxy Music-inspired band Lucy & the Lovers. With the advent of punk rock, Rowland wrote new songs and started The Killjoys, adding Heather Tonge (backing vocals) and Joe 45 (Lee Burton, drums). The band relocated to London and took up lodgings in a disused branch of Barclays Bank. The band came to the attention of Raw Records boss Lee Wood, who signed the band for the single "Johnny Won't Get to Heaven"/"Naïve", which went on to sell 18,000 copies. This was the largest-selling single that Raw Records ever had. At the time, the band contained two couples: Philips and Weston, and Rowland and Tonge. This line-up lasted for eighteen months, and several recording sessions took place for a debut album. The Killjoys recorded two sessions for John Peel's BBC Radio 1 show: the first in October 1977, the second in February 1978, by which time Keith Rimell (guitar) and Bob Peach (drums) had been recruited, replacing Philips and Burton; Rowland used his hairdressing talents to give the new members short haircuts. Tonge also left the group; according to Wood, the rumor was that Rowland had returned home early and found her in bed with someone else.


title: Tribeni, Hooghly

text: Tribeni is believed to get its name from the divergence of three rivers — Kunti, Ganga and Saraswati. The probable earlier names were "Muktaveni", which distinguished it from Prayagraj, known as Yuktaveni; it also featured in James Rennell's map of Bengal in 1781 where it was spelled as "Terbonee". The river Saraswati surfaces from the south of the famous Hindu cremate area, commonly known as 'Shashan ghat', westwards into Saptagram. The Yamuna, commonly pronounced as Jamuna in Bengali, had earlier branched off from the Ganges towards south east, but the confluence has silted up with course of time. This leaves the river Ganges, variedly known as Hooghly or Bhagirathi to descend to the sea. The Ghat in Tribeni which lies beside the confluence was built by a king of Bhurisrestha, Rudranarayan Rai Mukhti and that left an influence of Odisha in Tribeni apparent from the temples near the ghat. The town is on the western banks of the Ganges with no plateau or hills in its close vicinity and hosts one of the earliest surviving monuments of Muslim in West Bengal, Zafar Khan Gazi's Mosque. The mosque bears an Arabic chronogram, 1298 though there remains evidence that suggests it was remodeled over time. The date is further corroborated by the fact that Tribeni along with nearby areas were occupied by Zafar Khan in 1267, after around 60 years from the conquest of Bengal. Its doorways have Hindu Vaishnavite sculptures inscribed along with Sanskrit scripts on its walls which can be associated to a temple from where the slabs were procured or as well could be a temple on which the mosque probably was built.


title: Tribeni, Hooghly

text: Tribeni had been of great importance during the Pala and Sena periods, and after the Muslim incursions, Saptagram became a major administrative center for the Sultans of Bengal. During the sixteenth century, Portuguese and French settlements in the Hooghly District were presumably looking to the possibility of trade across the Saraswati River at the port of Saptagram. Around 1536–37, the King of Bengal had given the Custom houses in Satgaon, today's Saptagram, along with Chittagong, the major port, to the Portuguese to set up trading centers, which ultimately extended their land occupation. During 1579–80, Antonio Tavares founded Ugolim (Hooghly) which outshone Satgaon, and had around five thousand Portuguese inhabitants. Their settlement was highly curtailed during the Mughal assault, where they appeared relatively ill-equipped for such an attack. For the same vulnerability of Mughal threats and the lack of available defense along with depleting trade prospects through Saraswati due to its drying up, Job Charnock, chief agent of East India Company in Hugli, along with his team decided to move further south to Sutanuti in 1690, where several local villages were populated by local merchants and a trading center was available, which later became part of Calcutta. Tribeni was also a host to the British army during World War II in Nissen huts which can still be seen near Shibpur. The town was however revived by many factories in the 20th century, e.g. jute mills, the Bandel Thermal Power Station, the paper factory for ITC and the tire and rayon factories nearby the town.


title: Darius Gaiden

text: The Silver Hawk begins the game with a forward-moving shot. Collecting colored emblems dropped by correspondingly colored enemies allows the player to power-up the Silver Hawk's abilities. Green emblems grant the player missiles, red emblems increase the length and power of shots, and blue emblems give the player a protective shield. Collecting additional emblems upgrades the player's weapons, such as a stronger shield or missiles that move forwards and backwards. The Silver Hawk also begins the game with three black hole bombs. Firing them creates a large swirling vortex that sucks in all enemies and projectiles, followed by lightning strikes that inflict massive damage on enemies. The Silver Hawk also has the ability to capture minibosses, which appear in the middle of most levels. This is accomplished by destroying the energy orb on its head and collecting it when it flies off. Captured minibosses ally with the player and fire their own weapons at enemies for a brief period of time, before they self-destruct.


title: Darius Gaiden

text: The soundtrack for Darius Gaiden was composed by Zuntata, the house band of Taito. The band's leader, Hisayoshi Ogura, was the director of the music. Ogura based its music on Jungian archetypes, presenting them in an operatic fashion. He describes the music for the first level, "Visionnerz", as being "the collapse of the ego given musical form". It uses lyrics pulled from other sources, which are based on the idea of "truth isn't what lies in front of you". Ogura intended the music to represent the game's dream-like stages and atmosphere. In an interview, he said: "If you were looking at something and it changed in front of your eyes, and you suddenly realized that everything you thought was an indisputable truth a second ago wasn't true at all, that would be a considerable shock to you. People in such situations would be unable to maintain their composure. They'd start to break down mentally. That's the kind of concept I wanted to convey through "Visionnerz" and the music of Darius Gaiden". The band's sound engineer, Katsuhisa Ishikawa, designed the game's sound effects.


title: Darius Gaiden

text: Critics felt indifferent about the soundtrack, some of whom liked its strangeness while others found it to be unfitting. The music was Automatic's sole complaint with the game, describing it as being "some fat bint warbling away like an Old Spice advert". Famitsu disagreed, claiming that the music gave the game some charm. GameFan said that Zuntata's compositions were surprisingly good and fit its atmosphere. Critics were also mixed towards the difficulty. Electronic Gaming Monthly stated that it was their only gripe towards Gaiden, feeling it was too high and made the game unnecessarily difficult to play. Automatic thought otherwise, saying that the difficulty was just right. GameFan staff argued that the Sega Saturn version was better than its arcade counterpart for its lack of slowdown and impressive graphical effects. Famitsu was less enthusiastic about the PlayStation conversion due to its slowdown problems, jerky scrolling, and unimpressive opening cutscenes. PC Gamer's Daniel Erickson, who reviewed the Windows version argued that the game wasn't as impressive as it used to be, but that the gameplay and responsive controls made it a worthy pickup for fans of the genre.


title: Darius Gaiden

text: Darius Gaiden has been listed as being among the greatest side-scrolling shooters of all time. In 2014, Eurogamer's Rupert Higham stated that Gaiden is "one of the most confident and accomplished sprite-based games ever imagined". He said that the game represented Taito's talent at designing unique stages that were fun to traverse through, and commented on the game's colorful, detailed visuals. Higham believes that Gaiden helped take the Darius franchise into a different direction, away from its focus on gimmicks such as the three-screen design and towards innovation and presentation. Higham also believes that Zuntata's soundtrack was one of the game's best and most memorable features. In 2016, Kurt Kalata of Hardcore Gaming 101 said that the game allowed the series to " its figurative beard" and become one of the most-respected shooter franchises. He praised the game for its visuals and level design; he especially praised the game's presentation for being one of the best for a shooter, and the "hauntingly beautiful" soundtrack for its strangeness, saying that it " for a game that is not only a great shoot-em-up, but also one of the finest audiovisual experiences in any 2D arcade game".


title: Role-Playing Mastery

text: In the December 1987 edition of Dragon (Issue #128), John Bunnell (co-founder of Dragon Con) pointed out an immediate dichotomy: Gygax wrote in his preface that his focus would be on educating inexperienced players, but two pages later that his audience was "role-playing enthusiasts". Bunnell found the rest of the book was similarly thematically divided, and called Gygax's approach "schizophrenic". Bunnell also found that although Gygax states several times the need to broaden the appeal of RPGs to newcomers, "his real thrust is almost precisely the opposite... Essentially, Gygax is making the assumption that gaming can only be appreciated by an elite group of 'masters'... That attitude is one the gaming community should not be promoting under any circumstance." Bunnell concluded by giving the book a qualified recommendation, saying, "there is still a good deal of valuable insight to be had within the pages of Gary Gygax's book. Gamers who read it carefully will be able to appreciate some of that wisdom, and novices may be able to glean some as well, if provided with sufficient cautions against treating the tome as gospel. Without those warnings, though, Role-Playing Mastery seems likely to drive away more prospective gamers than it manages to recruit."


title: Computer liquidator

text: Computer liquidation is a sustainable solution and is environmentally friendly. Rapid technology change, low initial cost, and planned obsolescence have resulted in a fast-growing surplus of computers and other electronic components around the globe. The purpose of computer liquidators is to keep as many computers and electronic parts out of landfills. As newer and better technology replaces hardware at an ever-increasing speed, the amount of technical trash increases as the technology is being replaced. The speed at which hardware changes and innovates in the last few years follows, to some degree, Moore's law. Predictions were made that every landfill would soon be overflowing with discarded computer screens and computers, along with associated equipment such as keyboards and mouses and all the other hardware associated with use of the Internet. Most electronic waste is sent to landfills or incinerated, which releases toxic materials such as lead, mercury, or cadmium into the soil, groundwater, and atmosphere, thus having a negative impact on the environment. The best liquidating companies have clearly outlined policies regarding the disposal of dangerous substances which are often an issue with information technology.


title: Computer liquidator

text: Computer liquidators effectively create a secondary market to meet the demand of those who are looking for a cheaper solution and do not require cutting edge technology. It is important to note that the IT equipment being liquidated ranges from new technology to old technology. Because of the relatively lower price for secondary market equipment, some companies may even purchase tech devices from the secondary market to use as backups, stocking the equipment themselves preemptively so that a replacement is always on hand in the event of trouble. Product availability is also another reason for buyers to buy in this market. Manufacturers generally refresh their product line every 12 to 24 months, typically liquidating older products. But networking hardware can often see service lives of five years or more, and resellers and computer liquidators might carry products that are upwards of a decade old. End users that use a particular product may find it much easier and cheaper to add/replace an older device rather than take on the costs, business disruptions, and knowledge gaps that occur when upgrading to new products. When newer products are adopted, the used equipment is inevitably liquidated, thrown out or sold back, which creates a robust marketplace.


title: HERPUD1

text: The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers the ER stress response. This response includes the inhibition of translation to prevent further accumulation of unfolded proteins, the increased expression of proteins involved in polypeptide folding, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), and the destruction of misfolded proteins by the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) system. This gene may play a role in both UPR and ERAD. Its expression is induced by UPR and it has an ER stress response element in its promoter region while the encoded protein has an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain which may interact with the ERAD system. This protein has been shown to interact with presenilin proteins and to increase the level of amyloid-beta protein following its overexpression. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms. The full-length nature of all transcript variants has not been determined.


title: Nigel Hitchin

text: Amongst his notable discoveries are the Hitchin–Thorpe inequality; Hitchin's projectively flat connection over Teichmüller space; the Atiyah–Hitchin monopole metric; the Atiyah–Hitchin–Singer theorem; the ADHM construction of instantons (of Michael Atiyah, Vladimir Drinfeld, Hitchin, and Yuri Manin); the hyperkähler quotient (of Hitchin, Anders Karlhede, Ulf Lindström and Martin Roček); Higgs bundles, which arise as solutions to the Hitchin equations, a 2-dimensional reduction of the self-dual Yang–Mills equations; and the Hitchin system, an algebraically completely integrable Hamiltonian system associated to the data of an algebraic curve and a complex reductive group. He and Shoshichi Kobayashi independently conjectured the Kobayashi–Hitchin correspondence. Higgs bundles, which are also developed in the work of Carlos Simpson, are closely related to the Hitchin system, which has an interpretation as a moduli space of semistable Higgs bundles over a compact Riemann surface or algebraic curve. This moduli space has emerged as a focal point for deep connections between algebraic geometry, differential geometry, hyperkähler geometry, mathematical physics, and representation theory.


title: Icikas Meskupas-Adomas

text: Upon his release, Meskupas joined the central committee of the Lithuanian Komsomol and was sent to Berlin by the Communist Party of Lithuania in July 1931. There he attended the University of Berlin and organized the publishing of various communist newspapers (Balsas, Komunistas, Partijos darbas, Undzer emes, Darbininkų jaunimas) and their smuggling into Lithuania. Communist activities in Berlin ceased after the Nazi takeover in early 1933. Meskupas was arrested in May 1933 by the Gestapo and imprisoned in Tilsit (now Sovetsk). He was released in April 1934 and returned to Kaunas where he joined the central committee of the Komsomol and the secretariat of the Communist Party. They launched a campaign to attract new members and published newspapers Šturminė kampanija and Darbininkų ir valstiečių jaunimas which were edited by Meskupas. He also became the editor of Tiesa, the official voice of the Communist Party. In summer 1935, he attended the Seventh World Congress of the Comintern as an advisory delegate. At the same time, he represented Lithuania at a plenum session of the International Red Aid (instead of Feiga Zaraitė who could not attend). Later, in September–October 1935, he was a delegate to the Sixth Congress of the Young Communist International.


title: Lukamari

text: Lukamari is 2016 crime action film written and directed by Shree Ram Dahal. The film stars Saugat Malla, Karma Shakya, Bikram Singh Tharu, Surabina Karki, and Rista Basnet in lead roles. The film is slightly based on Khyati Shrestha murder case of 2009. The movie is regarded as one of the best movies ever created in Nepalese film industry. It is counted among the revolutionary movies like Loot, Kabaddi, etc. made in mid 2010s in Nepal which are credited for introducing a new way of movie making in Nepal. The movie is made special by very special role of Saugat Malla and the best role played by Karma Shakya in his entire film career till date as claimed by critics and audience. Unfortunately the movie had to clash with very much anticipated Bollywood movie that year by Salman Khan named 'Sultan' which occupied the major portion of screen and audience attention in Nepal. So it did a lot less income than the movie deserved and than producers expected. But all the movie viewers claim the movie to be a true gem for Nepalese Movie Industry.


title: Lukamari

text: Lukamari means hide and seek. The film story is based on a police investigation of a murder case of a school girl Rupa K.C. As the film unfolds, the case gets connected to the tenants of Musya Sahu and the hide and seek between cops and criminals starts. The movie starts when two undercover veteran crime investigating agents meet coincidentally and start sharing a same room in some place in Kathmandu valley. In the movie they are investigating two seemingly different cases. One cop is seen investigating murder case of a young girl and another cop is seen finding clues about murder of two young boys. The cop in girl's murder case is dragged to Kathmandu due to the relation of the girl with a suspicious sick teacher of her and another cop finds some papers of land in the crime scene that gives hint about the criminal's location. To keep the mission secret both the cops change their names, jobs and motives of living in the valley without any idea about each other's reality. The movie starts with some comedy and proceeds with the suspicious acts of all the actors in the screen. The movie also showcases some side characters like a priest, some drug addict youths and a tea shopkeeper who initially seem to be present for comedy but things change afterwards. As the film reaches to its interval there start a rapid change in all aspects. The two cops spying on a young girl living in the same house as they do and a love affair between a married women and a handsome landlord carries the comedy till the end but every minute brings few more thrill as the suspense starts disclosing. The two cops again meet coincidentally to find out each other's identity. They share their investigations just to know that their cases are somehow interconnected. At the climax, they find out that both their suspect lives next door to them. The suspect happens to be the husband of the women who is in affair with the landlord. So the cops use the landlord to get into the suspect's room and after finding a solid proof of him being the criminal, they raid in his house a thrilling chase begins. The chase discloses the reasons of murder and also the identities of some seemingly less significant characters like the priest. The movie focuses on comedy, thrill, suspense, Nepalese crime fighting methods and also some problems of Kathmandu like unemployment, lack of water and prostitution.


title: Armed Forces Day (United Kingdom)

text: In Northern Ireland, Armed Forces Day is celebrated in some locations, including the town of Banbridge. However, the event has proved divisive, with unionists, including the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), largely supporting it and republicans, including Sinn Féin, mostly opposing it (due to some of the actions of the British military during the Troubles). In 2012, the Ministry of Defence requested that the day be marked in Belfast by flying the Armed Forces Flag for six days in the last week of June. The request was criticised by the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and Sinn Féin but supported by the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI) and the DUP. In 2020, the DUP attempted to pass legislation implementing the event in Belfast, which was supported by the APNI and opposed by the SDLP and the Green Party Northern Ireland. Sinn Féin politician Ciaran Beattie stated that " in will feel this is an offensive display, that it is unnecessary, that it will divide the city. It is unwanted, and it certainly won't be supported by us", adding that "I'm sure the vast majority of nationalists out there think it is offensive". The proposal narrowly failed in a vote held on 18 September 2020 at the Belfast City Hall.


title: Elmira Prison

text: Five days after the camp opened, Surgeon Charles T. Alexander was ordered to inspect the Camp at Colonel Hoffman's request. Alexander found two major problems with the camp that he detailed in his report. The first was that of the camp's sanitary conditions. The sinks near Foster's Pond contained stagnant water, and he feared if they were not cleaned, they might "become offensive and a source of disease." He recommended the construction of new sinks. Hoffman did not heed these warnings. By the middle of August, the number of prisoners had climbed to over 9,200. This ended up overwhelming the staff and quickly depleting supplies. Diseases soon broke out, and the death toll jumped from 11 in July to 121 by the end of August. It was not until October 27 that work finally began on the drainage system, but the cold weather kept this project from being completed until January 1. In the meantime, prisoners were subjected to stagnant and unclean water, and sickness soon prevailed throughout the camp.: 133–136


title: Elmira Prison

text: While Hoffman was open to suggestions on how to improve his prisons, he believed in thrift. After hearing reports of the horrible conditions Union soldiers faced in Confederate prison camps, he ordered reduced rations in retaliation. As a result, many prisoners were malnourished, which compounded the hardships they had to face (especially during the extreme summer heat and winter cold).: 86 Another major problem that points to Hoffman's policy of retaliation concerned the construction of winter housing for the prisoners. During most of their stay, many of the prisoners in Elmira lived in tents, as there was only room in the barracks for half of the 12,100 prisoners. A lack of lumber delayed the construction of new barracks until October when the cold New York nights started to pervade the camp. In November, it was also reported the existing barracks were experiencing trouble as well, with roofs falling into disrepair, unfit to withstand the elements. Even in late November and early December, there were reports of over 2,000 Confederates sleeping in tents, and a Christmas inspection said 900 still had no proper housing.: 138, 146


title: Elmira Prison

text: Though there were many escape attempts, only 10 men were successful. A day after the camp opened, two prisoners escaped by scaling the 12-foot stockade wall. Though there were many attempts to tunnel out of the camp, Washington B. Traweek led the only major successful escape from the prison along with a few other soldiers, all of them members of the Jefferson Davis Artillery Company. The escape plan involved digging a tunnel from a neighboring tent underneath the fence and into town. Later, when a series of hospitals was to be built for the camp, the prisoners involved in Traweek's plot decided to transfer their tunnel to go under the hospital and started work on a new tunnel. Others had a similar idea, which resulted in the tunnels being discovered. However, the first tunnel had not been discovered, so Traweek and his men returned to work on that tunnel. Though Colt was a fair man and was liked well enough by most of his prisoners, he took his duty seriously as commandant. The next day, Traweek was called before Major Colt. Colt inquired as to where Traweek's tunnel was and who had been tunneling with him. When Traweek refused to tell, Colt ordered him into a sweatbox and presided over his questioning, willing to go to extreme measures to find and persecute the tunnelers. Traweek held fast, however, and Colt was forced to release him. Traweek and his companions eventually escaped.


title: Australia at the 1992 Summer Paralympics

text: The 1992 Paralympics was the first, and only year with a separate Paralympic Games with Persons with Mental Handicap. These games were held in Madrid and were sponsored by INAS-FMH, whilst still under ICC purview. The inclusion of athletes from the INAS-FMH was a complex issue, and after much back and forth between many organisations a request was made by the INAS-FMH. The president of the INAS-FMH, Mr Vicente, asked that the ICC sanction a games in a different location to Barcelona, but still under the Paralympic Flag. Voting in favour of this was unanimous and the games went ahead. Athletes qualified according to qualifying standards that were set in advance, and the games were open, meaning that no classification took place. The events also did not have any adaptation to suit athletes with any particular disability. More than 70 countries with around 2500 athletes and officials in total were involved. This total number involvement was more than expected at the time, so there was some strain placed on the organisational side of the games, however the sporting events were a success and sources indicate that "Many nations would have drawn meaningful motivation from their involvement in this world event"


text: Despite what has been said about the Madrid games being unifying and meaningful for many nations, other sources do indicate that the Madrid games are extremely rarely recognised as Paralympic Games, with even the IPC making no mention of the games, and no official results or medal lists available. However, it does seem that Australia was unaware of this exclusion, with news reports at the time indicating that Australia, as a whole, believed that these games were a true part of the Paralympics, and those that were succeeding by winning medals, were Paralympic Champions. The Canberra Times published a news article boasting the success of the Australian Paralympians at the Madrid games, showing that the Australian public was unaware of the coming controversy surrounding the lack of official recognition for these Athletes. Australia came first in these games, finishing with a total of 32 medals: 13 gold, 10 silver and 8 bronze. The most notable performance for Australia was by the men's swimming team, and in particular, Joseph Walker, who won 9 medals in total, 5 individual and 4 relay. This was undoubtedly a great success for Australia, with many Athletes excelling at these games, and bringing home a real win for Australia.


text: There was a great deal of controversy surrounding the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics, with much heated discussion taking place before the event. There had been considerations for a capitation fee to be charged to each of the athletes competing, however this was decided against and instead the INAS-FMH paid an overall capitation fee of US$10,000 to the ICC (International Coordinating Committee), which was very welcomed by the ICC treasurer. Furthermore, the medical treatment was offered for free for all athletes involved in the Summer Paralympics, and Michael Riding, the medical officer for the organising committee, was impressed. After visiting the medical facilities provided, he concluded that they were of a very high standard. On top of this, the ICC had to discuss and decide on the re-entry of South Africa to the international sporting fraternity. Whilst other organisations such as the IOC and the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation had already agreed to re-submit South Africa, however the ICC had not yet considered this. There was certainly enough president for the ICC to allow this resubmission, however the Paralympic Planning Committee wanted to know whether they would be required to provide places for the South African Paralympic Athletes. This would have to be considered and agreed to by the international federations.


title: Anomalous monism

text: Considering views about the relation between the mental and the physical as distinguished first by whether or not mental entities are identical with physical entities, and second by whether or not there are strict psychophysical laws, we arrive at a fourfold classification: (1) nomological monism, which says there are strict correlating laws, and that the correlated entities are identical (this is usually called type physicalism); (2) nomological dualism, which holds that there are strict correlating laws, but that the correlated entities are not identical (parallelism, property dualism and pre-established harmony); (3) anomalous dualism, which holds there are no laws correlating the mental and the physical, that the substances are ontologically distinct, but nevertheless there is interaction between them (i.e. Cartesian dualism); and (4) anomalous monism, which allows only one class of entities, but denies the possibility of definitional and nomological reduction. Davidson put forth his theory of anomalous monism as a possible solution to the mind–body problem.