title: 736 Naval Air Squadron

text: 736 Naval Air Squadron (736 NAS) was a Naval Air Squadron of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm. It was most recently recommissioned at HMS Seahawk, RNAS Culdrose in June 2013 to fly the BAE Systems Hawk, mainly in the maritime aggressor role, following the disbandment of the Fleet Requirements and Aircraft Direction Unit (FRADU) and operated up until March 2022. It initially formed as the School of Air Combat in May 1943 at HMS Heron, RNAS Yeovilton. In September 1943 it moved to HMS Vulture, RNAS St Merryn, where it became the Fighter Combat School and it created an independent 'B' Flight for fighter affiliation work between March and September 1945. 736 Naval Air Squadron moved to HMS Seahawk, RNAS Culdrose in February 1950 as the Naval Air Fighter School in the 52nd Training Air Group, but disbanded in August 1952. Immediately the following day, the squadron reformed at HMS Seahawk, RNAS Culdrose out of 702 Naval Air Squadron as an Advanced Jet Flying School and in November 1953 it moved to HMS Fulmar, RNAS Lossiemouth. 736 Naval Air Squadron disbanded there in March 1965, but what was left became 764 Naval Air Squadron 'B' Flight. The squadron reformed the same day at Lossiemouth from 809 Naval Air Squadron as a Jet Strike Training Squadron. 1966. In March 1967, its aircraft were part of the group that bombed and set on fire the supertanker SS Torrey Canyon aground and leaking crude oil on Seven Sisters rocks off Cornwall. The squadron disbanded in February 1972.


title: Everywhere, an Empty Bliss

text: The artwork was created by Kirby's long-time friend Ivan Seal. The arts of Seal and the music of Kirby were included on a French exhibition that occurred in 2019, done by the arts company FRAC Auvergne. Named after Everywhere, an Empty Bliss, it presented Kirby's music and names for the paintings used as the album covers. In the exhibition, a CD edition of Everywhere, an Empty Bliss and a booklet consisting of Seal's paintings were also present. The company released a YouTube promotional video announcing that their exhibition would happen from 6 April to 6 June 2019. Seal's art was also featured near one of Kirby's live performances in 2019, on an exhibition titled Cukuwruums. Searching for uncommon venues, a signature mark of the festival, the organizers found an abandoned apartment from 2014. Seal felt that "nothing should be cleared up—there would be no brushing up". First built as a part of the performance, the exhibition remained open later. The title of its artwork, Pm, Why Bees Are Very Silent , is an anagram of the album's name. The record's CD edition presents a different part of the painting used as the album cover on the digital edition.


title: Chip Tsao

text: On 27 March 2009, an article of Tsao's entitled "The War at Home" was published in the free HK Magazine. In it, he wrote that the Philippines was unworthy of claiming the Spratly Islands from China because "as a nation of servants, you don't flex your muscles at your master, from whom you earn most of your bread and butter." Many Filipinos decried his article as racist, discriminatory, and demeaning, and the Philippine government declared him an "undesirable alien" as a result. His writings provoked negative reactions from various Philippine legislators; Senator Pia Cayetano stated that "instead of contributing to intelligent discussions on ways to resolve the Spratlys dispute, Tsao only succeeded in eliciting hatred and sowing more confusion not only among Filipinos but maybe even among his fellow Chinese who are not aware of the intricacies of the issue", while Parañaque Congressman Roilo Golez refused to accept Tsao's apology for his article, and challenged him to a boxing match. On 30 March 2009, HK Magazine issued an apology for the offence Tsao's article had caused. The following day, Tsao subsequently admitted his wrongdoing and apologised to the Philippine government and its people in an interview aired over Hong Kong's ATV. He said, "I realized that I had crossed the line. I now offer my public apology." He has also indicated, however, that the article was meant as satire, and that it "was never intended to be insulting to the Filipino domestic workers."


title: Herbert Coward

text: After returning home, a friend offered Coward a job as an outlaw gunfighter at the Old West amusement park, Ghost Town in the Sky in Maggie Valley. While performing at the park with an assortment of acting school students working over their summer break, locals, and professional actors, an accident with a prop pistol resulted in two of his front teeth being knocked out. Known actors, including Dan Blocker, who starred on Bonanza, performed at the park, and one summer, based on his appearances on Gunsmoke, Burt Reynolds appeared there. During this time, Reynolds and Coward became friends. In 1970, when Deliverance began filming in Rabun County, Georgia, Blocker mentioned to producers that Coward would be an ideal person for a role in the film; they were unable to locate him, so wrote his name on a potential cast board as "Cowboy Coward". Reynolds saw this and called Coward to recruit him for the role, telling the producers "...he can't write or anything, but I'm telling ya, if we can get him, we got something special. Let me bring him in. His name's Cowboy, and he'll just talk to you, and you see if you like him." Coward was subsequently cast as "Toothless Man", one of the two sadistic mountain men encountered in the woods by Reynolds and the film's other characters. Like the others in the film, Coward performed his own stunts, including being lowered off a cliff into a river. Upon the film's release he became infamous for his often repeated line "He got a real purty mouth, ain't he?"


title: Vilangu (TV series)

text: The series opened to extreme positive reviews. Vignesh Madhu of Cinema Express rated the series with 3/5 stars, stating that, "The word Vilangu is an apt title for a series which is about cops as well as a deceitful man, who hides a beast in him. Leaving aside the horrifying violence, the convenient plot points, and the insipid 'family' scenes, Vilangu makes for a compelling watch." Behindwoods gave a rating of 3 out on 5 and wrote, "Strong performances from Vemal and Bala Saravanan, Ajesh's music and Prasanth's clever writing together propel Vilangu to a must watch zone." The News Minute wrote, "Vilangu makes for a gripping watch because it downplays its surprises intelligently, and doesn't fall back on flashy, unrealistic reveals that revolve around a hero cop (the background score, too, is committed to the plot and not Paruthi). It's a cat and mouse game where we aren't sure until the end who is the cat and who is the mouse. Well played." OTTplay.com rated the series with 3.5/5 stars, called the series an edge-of-the-seat thriller. Binged.com gave a rating of 6.25 out on 10 and wrote the film as Slow Paced But Engaging Police Procedural Thriller. Galatta said "Vilangu is truly a comeback of sorts for Vemal and director Prasanth Pandiyaraj!" and rated the series 3/5 stars.


title: Aaron Russo

text: In 1987, Aaron Russo had set up his own entertainment company, Aaron Russo Entertainment with self-financing up to $86 million in coin to aid for the prospecting for film, TV and music properties and it was a Delaware corporation that was based in New York, and gave them a capital of $62 million for production of 6-to-10 films each budgeted at $5 million, which is maximum of $15 million, and gains agreements with Vestron Inc. for US home video rights, the Rank Organization (previous position held by Producers Sales Organization, prior to bankruptcy) gave them foreign rights to all media and US syndication and pay cable rights going to HBO, so they would not have to disclose the participants' contributions to the production kitty, and all of the ARE productions were gone to Orion Pictures for the U.S. and Canada theatrical rights. He then named Irwin Russo as senior vice president of the Los Angeles-based Aaron Russo Films and the company had set up feature projects by 1988, with record division Aaron Russo Films and Aaron Russo Television set to follow.


title: Teredo navalis

text: Teredo navalis has an elongated, reddish, wormlike body which is completely enclosed in a tunnel it has made in floating or submerged timber. At the front end of the animal are two triangular, calcareous plates. These are up to 2 cm (3⁄4 in) long and correspond to the valves of other bivalve molluscs. They are white, with a covering of pale brown periostracum, and have rough ridges. The mollusc uses them to grasp the wood and slowly enlarges the burrow in which it lives. It has retractable inhalant and exhalant siphons which project through a small hole in the horny septum which blocks the opening of the burrow. When the animal is threatened, the siphons can be drawn inside the burrow and protected by a pair of calcareous oar-like pallets. The tunnel is circular in cross section and is lined with calcareous material extruded by the mollusc. It can be up to 60 cm (24 in) long and 1 cm (1⁄2 in) in diameter. They are edible, and are traditionally consumed on the island of Marajó and parts of Thailand. They're commonly described as tasting like clam or oyster, and are often prepared in similar ways.


title: Teredo navalis

text: Teredo navalis is found in temperate and tropical seas and oceans worldwide. It may have originated in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, but it is difficult to establish where it originally came from because it has spread so efficiently around the world on debris and hulls of ships. It is found in the littoral zone, living inside submerged timber, pilings, driftwood, and in the hulls of wooden boats. It is found in brackish waters as well as the open sea, and tolerates salinities ranging from five to thirty-five parts per thousand. It is also tolerant of a wide range of temperatures. Individuals have survived temperatures as high as 30 °C (86 °F) and as low as 1 °C (34 °F), though growth and reproduction are restricted to the range from 11 to 25 °C (52 to 77 °F). It can also live without air for about six weeks, using up its stored glycogen reserves. Dispersal to new habitats occurs both during the free-living larval stage, by floating timbers carried along by currents, and, historically, from the hulls of wooden vessels. In the Baltic Sea, there were several mass occurrences in the 1930s and 1950s.


title: You'll Be in My Heart

text: The Manila Standard said Collins "waxes poetic" with the song. The Disney Song Encyclopedia deemed it an "uptempo ballad" and "tender song". Gerald Bordman and Richard Norton, in their book American Musical Theatre: A Chronicle, wrote that Merle Dandridge, who performed this song as the role of Tarzan's adoptive mother Kala in the Broadway version, had "the best song". In his book American Literature on Stage and Screen: 525 Works and Their Adaptations, Thomas S. Hischak said this song was "contemporary sounding yet rhythmic momentum blended beautifully with the pulsating sounds of the jungle". In 2003, an article for Billboard magazine noted the song ran "in the same vein" as another Collins song "Can't Stop Loving You". In 2009, Jody Kerchner and Carlos Abril, in their book Musical Experience in Our Lives: Things We Learn and Meanings We Make, recounted a personal story of how the song has a special meaning to a mother/daughter relationship, which involved fetus-singing. Similar stories were recounted by two other sources.


title: Trans Day of Revenge

text: The first few lines of the opening track, "Give Violence A Chance", are "When peace is just another word for death, it's our turn to give violence a chance!" The song deals with how the amount of police brutality in society can lead to what Pitchfork described as "superstructures that determine who survives in America", lines including "Killer cops aren't crooked.../they do as they're told," and "Black lives don't matter in the eyes of the law." The lyrics to "We Live" are about a person who shows the pride of being a transgender person and being able to successfully live in a society against transgender people. "We live with trauma locked inside / We fight against the urge to die." On "Out From The Desk", the singer demands their listeners to attack: "Bent ears/Can't be enough/Out from the desk/Let's all crew up/Boot the fucker!" A Spin magazine critic wrote that the last line in the title song, "Not as weak as we seem", "show the folly in underestimating the resolve of people who fight every day just to stay alive."


title: Trans Day of Revenge

text: Trans Day of Revenge garnered acclaim from both music journalists and listeners upon its release; many critics found it "essential" and "necessary" due to its message of taking violent measures instead of praying for peace. Ivy Nelson, writing a review for Pitchfork, wrote that the album could significantly impact the culture of hardcore music and society in the future. She praised how the lyrics presented the record's message, writing that the group was "embedding politically complex ideas in emotionally unambiguous music without it flattening into a wave of rhetoric." Seattle Weekly critic Kelton Sears wrote the album's message of fighting to save lives was unique, given that "Much of today's punk, especially on a local level, has devolved into apathetic three-chord songs about pizza, beer, and the glories of being a screw-up." Jessica Hopper of MTV News wrote, "For all the (old) folks forever lamenting that contemporary punk doesn't have any meaning, or doesn't have anything to be angry about, "Trans Day of Revenge" is a dialogue-squashing rebuttal — though not sure G.L.O.S.S. has dialogue on the agenda".


title: Bernhard Hirschel

text: Bernhard Baruch Hirschel was born in Dresden. His father, Abraham Hirschel , was a clothes retailer. His mother, Bella , also worked in the clothing trade. From the age of four Berhard attended the Cheder (Jewish junior school) where he was able to learn Hebrew. He would later recall this period as "not particularly nice" ("nicht besonders schön"), complaining about the untutored fellow students, bad teachers and inadequate lessons. From 1823 he was tutored by Marcus David Landau, a private tutor who was also a cantor in the Dresden synagogue. Hirschel believed that this was his first experience of a valid spiritual education. With fellow pupils who included Jacob Nachod - later notable as a Leipzig merchant and philanthropist - he received an academic grounding in Geography, History and Mathematics. At Easter 1825 he switched to Dresden's prestigious School of the Cross, having previously, at his mother's instigation, taken private tuition in Latin and Greek. His time at the school left him with good memories. Teachers and others at the institution treated him with fairness, but attending a Christian school exposed him to hostility from members of the Jewish community. He was an industrious pupil and passed the school leaving exam (Abitur) in 1832, which opened the way to university level education.


title: Bernhard Hirschel

text: In 1838 he returned to Dresden, where he worked as a physician till he died. His studies concluded, he also embarked on a career as a writer, primarily at this stage focusing on medical history. His first publications date from 1839, and deal with Medical Societies and Hydrotherapy. He also wrote reviews on French news publications, covering a wide range of medical themes. In 1840 his first major publication appeared, returning to the subject of Hydrotherapy, a theme in which he would involve himself for the rest of his life. In 1843 the first volume of his ambitious work on medical history, "Steps in the Development of the History of Medicine" ("Geschichte der Medicin in den Grundzügen ihrer Entwickelung") appeared followed in 1846 by his long planned first volume of "The History of Medical Schools and the Nineteenth Century Systems in Monographs" (Die "Geschichte der medicinischen Schulen und Systeme des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts in Monographien"). In addition, from about 1843/44, after five or so years after he started work as a physician, his interest in Homeopathy began to develop. Along with his other responsibilities, between 1846 and 1849 he held the post of deputy coroner for the central part of Dresden. In the years since his return from Leipzig, Hirschel had by this stage become highly respected as a physician.


title: Bernhard Hirschel

text: During the later 1840s there were no more books on medical matters, however, reflecting Hirschel's growing political preoccupations. With Chancellor Metternich in Vienna over 70, and a less reactionary king in Berlin since 1840, there was a growing belief that winds of change were in the air. In the context of Saxon politics, Hirschel was a strong advocate for the evolving liberal agenda. In 1846 he published "An Evaluation of Saxony's Government and its People" ("Sachsens Regierung, Stände und Volk"), which provides valuable and unusual insights with its analysis of the various political groupings in the Saxon legislature ("Landtag"). The work also sets out the conditions under which the press was operating in pre-1848 Saxony and complains, in particular, about the repression of magazines. When it appeared the volume was published anonymously because the author feared punishment for publishing criticism of the political situation in Saxony Furthermore, it was published not within Saxony, where press censorship was in force, but in Mannheim. It was only in 1849, three years later, that Hirschel acknowledged his authorship, writing in another book, "Saxony's recent past: A contribution to the assessment of the present" ("Sachsens jüngste Vergangenheit: Ein Beitrag zur Beurtheilung der Gegenwart"). He also now took the opportunity to characterise the March uprisings as the "glorious rising of the German people", thereby aligning himself unambiguously with the liberal revolutionaries. His position was also clear from his political activism during the period of the uprising.


title: Bernhard Hirschel

text: 1856 saw the publication of what was probably his best known book, "The Homeopathic Doctor's Treasure chest and its Uses at the Sickbed" ("Der homöopathische Arzneischatz in seiner Anwendung am Krankenbette"). By 1874 the book had appeared in 17 editions, and it was translated from German into several languages including Spanish, French and Danish. In this way Hirschel became internationally respected as an expert on Homeopathy. In 1867 at Vienna he was elected vice chairman of the International Homeopathy Congress. During the next few years he published extensively on the subject, often becoming embroiled in controversy because of the passionate nature of his advocacy. The effectiveness of the homeopathic approach was not universally accepted by the medical establishment, but despite this during the second half of the nineteenth century it was rapidly gaining supporters across the world. That is partly because, despite great progress in diagnosis and treatment, doctors were all too often powerless to provide effective treatments using mainstream methods. Bernhard Herschel proved a case in point: on his fifty-ninth birthday neither "conventional treatments" nor Homeopathy were able to prevent his death from Peritonitis.


title: Matthew Vines

text: Vines grew up in Wichita, Kansas, having interests in speaking, writing and the performing arts. While in high school, he created a popular fan website dedicated to the Harry Potter film series. The website, Veritaserum.com, drew more than 50,000 hits per day, and became a source of employment for him as he maintained the site and sold space within it to advertisers. Growing up, he attended an evangelical Presbyterian church with his family. Upon graduation from high school, he was accepted into Harvard, where he studied for two years during 2008–2010, focusing on philosophy. He then quit Harvard in order to pursue a full-time study of the Bible's statements on homosexuality in response to widespread belief that homosexual expression is disapproved of by God - a belief which was held at the time by his own parents and their family church. He was unable to convince the leadership of his family church of his opinion that they misunderstood what the Bible states about homosexuality, and this led to both Vines himself and other members of his family leaving that church.


title: Matthew Vines

text: Writing for the conservative magazine First Things, doctoral student Joshua Gonnerman called Vines' hermeneutical approach deeply flawed. Robert Gagnon said that he and other scholars had previously refuted the arguments that Vines raised. Writing for Answers in Genesis, Ken Ham and Steve Golden argue that Vines' perspective is an "attack on the reliability and perspicuity of Scripture." Tim Keller builds on this argument in opposition to Vines' work, suggesting that Vines "decisively shifts the ultimate authority to define right and wrong onto the individual Christian and away from the biblical text... Yes, there are things in the Bible that Christians no longer have to follow but, if the Scripture is our final authority, it is only the Bible itself that can tell us what those things are. The prohibitions against homosexuality are re-stated in the New Testament (Romans 1, 1 Corinthians 6, 1 Timothy 1) but Jesus himself (Mark 7), as well as the rest of the New Testament, tells us that the clean laws and ceremonial code is no longer in force. Vines asserts that he maintains a belief in biblical authority, but with arguments like this one he is actually undermining it. This represents a massive shift in historic Christian theology and life."


title: Ward No. 9, Kolkata Municipal Corporation

text: Attempts were made to establish a municipal corporation at Kolkata from the middle of the 19th century. The electoral system was introduced for the first time in 1847, and 4 of the 7 board members were elected by the rate payers. In 1852 the board was replaced by a new one and in 1863 a new body was formed. As per old records, in 1872 there were 25 wards in Kolkata (spellings as in use at that time) – 1. Shyampukur, 2. Kumartuli, 3. Bartala, 4. Sukea Street, 5. Jorabagan, 6. Jorasanko, 7. Barabazar, 8. Kolutola, 9. Muchipara, 10. Boubazar, 11. Padmapukur, 12. Waterloo Street, 13. Fenwick Bazar, 14. Taltala, 15. Kalinga, 16. Park Street, 17. Victoria Terrace, 18. Hastings, 19. Entali, 20. Beniapukur, 21. Baliganj-Tollyganj, 22. Bhabanipur, 23. Alipur, 24.Ekbalpur and 25. Watganj. A new municipal corporation was created in 1876, wherein 48 commissioners were elected and 24 were appointed by the government. With the implementation of the Municipal Consolidation Act of 1888 the area under the jurisdiction of the municipal corporation was enlarged. Certain areas were already there but more parts of them were added (current spellings) - Entally, Manicktala, Beliaghata, Ultadanga, Chitpur, Cossipore, Beniapukur, Ballygunge, Watganj and Ekbalpur, and Garden Reach and Tollygunj. The Act of 1923 brought about important changes. It liberalised the constitution along democratic lines.


title: No Motiv

text: On September 20, 2019, No Motiv the band announced they would be celebrating the 20th anniversary of their Vagrant Records debut album, And the Sadness Prevails..., by releasing a remastered version of the album digitally and on limited edition vinyl, along with 2 bonus tracks. The announcement came with a preview of the remastered version of the album's first track, "Nostalgia." On October 18 the band released a new music video for their acoustic rendition of "Life Goes On" from Daylight Breaking. On October 24, 2019, they released another new music video, this time featuring the band performing live with the remastered recording of "The Waiting Hurt" layered over it. Alongside the remastered edition of the album, they also released an EP digitally and on vinyl that features a remastered version of "Broken and Burned" from Diagram for Healing, and the aforementioned acoustic rendition of "Life Goes On." The original recording lineup for And the Sadness Prevails..., featuring Roger Camero on bass and Pat Pedraza on drums, reunited to play 2 shows on November 1 and 2, 2019.


title: No Motiv

text: While the band has not formally reunited or become fully active, Roger Camero noted that: "We're not trying to make a living doing anything No Motiv related. We're just enjoying each other's company and being thankful for having people enjoy our band and care about it. So, whatever opportunities that we can do, we can partake in collectively, we're very thankful for." When discussing the fact that other bands such as Face to Face had taken nine years between album releases, and that perhaps the 20th anniversary celebration of And the Sadness Prevails... could lead to a formal return for the band, Roger Camero added: "We work within our means, and we're a bunch of very realistic dudes. I think we honestly enjoy the fact that we could do this, and it's not like the success— or whatever— of what we do is going to dictate whether or not we put food on the table. Like, this is just straight up for our enjoyment, and fans of the band's enjoyment, and it does not need to be anything more than that, because we've all come into our own in our lives and we're all happy, so it's cool."


title: The Fat Boys

text: At the time, the American office of the company Swatch was tasked with trying to advertise its product to American audiences. The company was known for using offbeat campaigns, and agreed to feature the Fat Boys in a commercial for the watches on MTV. The video "Brrr, Swatch 'Em!" was aired in December 1984. Swatch again featured The Fat Boys in a 1985 Christmas advertisement created by former MTV creative heads Alan Goodman and Fred Seibert. This commercial, "Swatch Watch Presents A Merry Christmas" was first broadcast in December 1985. These commercials were notable, because when they aired in December 1984, MTV did not feature many hip-hop artists in their programming, having only started airing music videos from rap artists earlier that year with Run-D.M.C.'s crossover hit, "Rock Box." Due to the success of these commercials, they would become frequent guests on MTV, pioneering a space for hip-hop artists to appear on the network and ultimately increasing hip hop's popularity and legitimacy with MTV's audience.


title: Thomas Kierans

text: Kierans recognized the increasing "greenhouse effects" since the 1930s "dust bowl" were a clear indication that fast-growing Canadian and United States populations would require a new, large, controllable, environment-friendly source of fresh water to stabilize shared Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River water levels and flows and to end widespread and worsening water deficits and flooding in both countries. To meet this need, Kierans used proven Dutch and Californian experience to design his Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal concept in the 1950s. This would recycle (not divert) some of the now huge and harmful run-off to Canada's Hudson Bay to the Great Lakes from a new sea-level freshwater dike-enclosure in James Bay. This should substantially increase Canada's freshwater supply and improve Hudson Bay and east coast environments, fisheries and shipping. However, despite Quebec's past Premier Bourassa's and prominent engineering groups' endorsement of detailed study of his concept, as well as an invitation to outline it to the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2001, some Canadian authorities unfortunately fail to understand basic differences between run-off recycling as opposed to potentially harmful headwater diversions or simply fear any joint water management with the US.


title: Forrest E. Everhart

text: He commanded a platoon that bore the brunt of a desperate enemy counterattack near Korling, France, before dawn on 12 November 1944. When German tanks and self-propelled guns penetrated his left flank and overwhelming infantry forces threatened to overrun the 1 remaining machinegun in that section, he ran 400 yards through woods churned by artillery and mortar concentrations to strengthen the defense. With the 1 remaining gunner, he directed furious fire into the advancing hordes until they swarmed close to the position. He left the gun, boldly charged the attackers and, after a 15-minute exchange of hand grenades, forced them to withdraw leaving 30 dead behind. He re-crossed the fire-swept terrain to his then threatened right flank, exhorted his men and directed murderous fire from the single machinegun at that position. There, in the light of bursting mortar shells, he again closed with the enemy in a hand grenade duel and, after a fierce 30-minute battle, forced the Germans to withdraw leaving another 20 dead. The gallantry and intrepidity of T/Sgt. Everhart in rallying his men and refusing to fall back in the face of terrible odds were highly instrumental in repelling the fanatical enemy counterattack directed at the American bridgehead across the Moselle River.


title: T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh

text: Born Crystal Walker on October 13, 1962, in Chicago, Illinois, at Cook County Hospital, Keymáh was raised Catholic on the city's South Side. Her mother, Arlene Carter, a student at Chicago State University, died when Keymáh was two years old. Keymáh's father, William Walker Sr., was an Illinois state police trooper. He is of Seminole Indian descent from Springfield, Illinois. Keymáh was raised by her maternal grandparents Mary Louis Zeno, a social worker for the Illinois public aid department, and Carneil Carter, an insurance salesperson with Metropolitan Insurance. Keymáh began entertaining her family – singing, dancing, and reciting original poems and stories — at the age of three. Keymáh wrote her first play and her first song in elementary school. For high school, Keymáh is a 1981 graduate of the Academy of Our Lady. Keymáh performed with Ali LeRoi and Lance Crouther in the Mary Wong Comedy Group in high school, and then enrolled in Florida A&M University's School of Business and Industry. In 1988, she adopted the stage name "T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh" after realizing her last name, Walker, reflected a slave name rather than her African roots. In a 1991 interview with the Chicago Tribune, she claimed that "T'Keyah" meant "mental revival of God's spirit" and that "Keymáh" meant "to establish oneself" in Hebrew but neither name appears to be of Hebrew origin by modern day findings."


title: T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh

text: During college and after graduation, Keymáh taught theater, dance, and mime. She has also done many theater performances, and produced and directed films. One of the original cast members of Fox Television's Emmy winning variety show, In Living Color, for five seasons Keymáh played a number of characters, including Cryssy, the central character of her self-written signature piece, "In Black World". She also sang and danced on the show. After In Living Color, she played contractor Scotti Decker in On Our Own; played comedy show writer Denise Everett on the 1996 TV series The Show; and provided the voices for Roz, Shavonne, Aki, Mrs. LaSalle, and many others in Waynehead. For four years, Keymáh was a series regular on Cosby, where she played flight attendant-lawyer-pastry chef-teacher Erica Lucas Hall. Following Cosby, she appeared for three seasons on the Disney series That's So Raven as Raven's mother, Tanya Baxter. In season four, her character was written out of the plot so that Keymáh could care for her ailing grandmother. Keymáh co-wrote and costarred in a two-person stage show with music, called Sellout!?!, with fellow College alumnus Bryan C. Jones, who was also one of the many guests to appear in her hit variety show T'Keyah Live! On June 21, 2022, Entertainment Tonight announced that Keymáh would reprise her role as Tanya Baxter on the That's So Raven spin-off, Raven's Home.


title: T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh

text: Some of My Best Friends is a series of monologues in verse and prose embodied by a dozen diverse but somehow connected characters. In this humorous, tear jerking, thought-provoking theatrical production, Keymáh champions societal issues that are as relevant today as they were when the show debuted to sold out crowds at Chicago's South Shore Cultural Center in 1991. Overcoming obstacles, the devastation of AIDS, the search for love, race relations, and teen promiscuity are just some of the topics explored. The show was chiefly penned by Keymáh but includes pieces written by or in collaboration with Ali LeRoi, Harry Lennix, and poet Angela Jackson (And All These Roads Be Luminous: Poems Selected and New); and includes a dance choreographed by Maurice Hines. About her work in this show critics have said: "Keymáh is a Charismatic Actress... Chameleonic and Effervescent" – Los Angeles Times;"...Beyond Superlatives; She's Phenomenal!" – Earl Calloway, Chicago Defender; "Much More Than Comedy"- Lisa M. Pancia, New York Vignette; "...a Delightful, Multitalented Performer whose ability to create believable characters on stage is a Wonder to Behold"- Nat Colley, Los Angeles Reader; "Keymáh is Magnificent" – Linda Armstrong, Amsterdam News;"...Keymáh's Poignant, Detailed Portrayals are Never Less Than Magnificent"- Randy Trabitz, Los Angeles Weekly. The show garnered an AUDELCO Award nomination for Best Solo Performer, an NAACP Theatre Award nomination for Best Writing, and NAACP Theatre Awards for Best Performance and Best Play.


title: Steve McCormack

text: He was appointed coach of Widnes Vikings after the club's relegation from Super League in 2005 and the subsequent departure of Frank Endacott. In his first season with Widnes he led the club to the National League One grand final where they subsequently lost to the Hull Kingston Rovers. During the 2007 season McCormack won the Northern Rail Cup beating his old side Whitehaven Warriors 56–6 in the final at Blackpool. McCormack was soon after rewarded with a new 2-year contract keeping him with Widnes until the end of the 2009 season. Widnes failed to gain promotion to Super League losing out to Castleford Tigers in the 2007 National League One Grand Final. In October 2007 Steve McCormack left Widnes and joined the Hull Kingston Rovers as assistant coach to Justin Morgan. However, nine days later after leaving Widnes Vikings, Steve returned as head coach with a new set up after Steve O'Connor took over the club. In February 2009 Steve parted company with Widnes and this is thought to have happened after a poor performance against Oldham. He was taken over by assistant John Stankevitch in a caretaker role. On 22 October 2009 he was named as the new head coach of Barrow Raiders.


title: JV Kapunan

text: He released his first single in 2015 entitle, Ale from his third album, YJV, on June distributed worldwide by Star Music. February of the current year, he supported ABS-CBN Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation's eco-tourism and livelihood projects in Samar and Leyte, visited ALKFI's projects and had a concert for the Kapamilyas there. March – April, he'd been busy supporting Green Thumb Coalition for its Green Thumb Electoral Campaign with its mission of challenging the candidates to include environmental protection on their political agenda. Young JV and his team #YJVteam went all over the Philippines for this. July to September 2015, Young JV had 23 SM Supermalls Shows, promoting his YJV album. His second single Flashback feat. Emmanuelle was launched at MOR 91.1 Iloilo, October 2015 and its music video was premiered on MYX the following day and had a Twitter Party with Younglings (Young JV's Official Fans Club). We saw him December 2015 as "Tony" (Kathryn Bernardo's suitor) on Pangako Sa 'Yo .


title: JV Kapunan

text: 2017, Star Magic named him as JV KAPUNAN as he will focus more on his acting career. He was featured on La Luna Sangre as Joshua, the Mole Vampire on SupremoRichard Gutierrez's core vampires. He'd been also a part of Pusong Ligaw as Jake, one of Enzo Pineda's friends. But then again at the end of the day, JV still loves composing, producing and performing OPM songs. As trusted by his Manager and second dad, Mr. Johnny Manahan, JV composed the Star Magic's 25th Anniversary Theme Song, "Ikaw ang Magic ng Buhay Ko". He also had released his hit digital single,Kulay and was launched on ASAP CHILLOUT on the day of his birthday. Its music video featuring KissMarc (Kisses Delavin and Marco Gallo) was hitting MYX charts. As advocate, JV had joined TV Patrol's TPV30 several times. TPV30 is TV Patrol's way of giving back to our Kapamilya in the whole country, Philippines, in celebration of its 30th anniversary. And on the early month of year 2018, something exciting to watch out for will be announced by our dearest environmentalist and philanthropist, Ms. Gina Lopez and JV is part of this advocacy. Ending the year with a bang! A kilig interview on Tonight with Boy Abunda with Miho Nishida.


title: Photoresistor

text: A photoresistor (also known as a light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photo-conductive cell) is a passive component that decreases in resistance as a result of increasing luminosity (light) on its sensitive surface, in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photoresistor can be used in light-sensitive detector circuits and light-activated and dark-activated switching circuits acting as a semiconductor resistance. In the dark, a photoresistor can have a resistance as high as several megaohms (MΩ), while in the light, it can have a resistance as low as a few hundred ohms. If incident light on a photoresistor exceeds a certain frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electrons (and their hole partners) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance. The resistance range and sensitivity of a photoresistor can substantially differ among dissimilar devices. Moreover, unique photoresistors may react substantially differently to photons within certain wavelength bands.


title: Arktocara

text: Unlike other platanistoids, Arktocara had a sagittal crest, and its frontal sinuses were positioned behind the nasals. The nostrils were oriented vertically, and the premaxilla formed a rectangular plateau surrounding them. The nostrils were perhaps 1.9 by 1.6–2.1 centimeters (0.75 by 0.63–0.83 in). The lacrimal bone in the eye socket wrapped around the outer edge of the brow ridge and was fused to the cheek bones. It further differed from other platanistoids in that it had a smaller process of the squamosal, that is, a projection from its skull. The frontonasal suture between the eyes on the brow ridge, which separates the frontal bone from the nasal bone, was U-shaped. The sutures indicate that the specimen was an adult. It lacked on the upper side of its head a condyloid fossa, a depression between the head and the neck; and had a symmetrical vertex, the upper part of the head. Also contrary to other platanistoids, Arktocara lacked the thin plate which extended from the hard palate in the roof of the mouth and attached to the greater wing of sphenoid bone in the ear. It lacked a maxillary crest, a bony projection from the maxillary and palatine bones in the roof of the mouth that runs along the nasal septum which separates the two nostrils. It did not have a large tympanosquamosal recess, which in cetaceans receives an air-filled sinus originating from the middle ear. The groove for the mandibular branch nerve wrapped around the sides of the pterygoid fossa, which is located behind the eyes laterally on the sphenoid bone.


title: CD160

text: CD160 is a 27 kDa glycoprotein which was initially identified with the monoclonal antibody BY55. Its expression is tightly associated with peripheral blood NK cells and CD8 T lymphocytes with cytolytic effector activity. The cDNA sequence of CD160 predicts a cysteine-rich, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein of 181 amino acids with a single Ig-like domain weakly homologous to KIR2DL4 molecule. CD160 is expressed at the cell surface as a tightly disulfide-linked multimer. RNA blot analysis revealed CD160 mRNAs of 1.5 and 1.6 kb whose expression was highly restricted to circulating NK and T cells, spleen and small intestine. Within NK cells CD160 is expressed by CD56dimCD16+ cells whereas among circulating T cells its expression is mainly restricted to TCRgd bearing cells and to TCRab+CD8brightCD95+CD56+CD28-CD27-cells. In tissues, CD160 is expressed on all intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. CD160 shows a broad specificity for binding to both classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules.


title: Interpretations of Max Weber's liberalism

text: JP Mayer wrote a 1944 critique of Max Weber entitled Max Weber and German Politics: a study in political sociology. Published in England during the war, the work has never appeared in German translation. Mayer had been an archivist for the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and the primary book reviewer for the Vorwärts, the SPD party paper. He was a target of Nazi persecution from which he escaped to England, where he became involved with the Labour Party and was a member of the faculty at the London School of Economics during the end of the Second World War. Mayer labelled Weber's philosophy as the "new Machiavellianism of the steel age." The conception of the state that Weber supported was viewed as a middle phase in a destructive tradition of German realpolitik, a tradition that Mayer saw to extend from Bismarck to Hitler. Mayer interpreted a "tragic" satisfaction with which Weber was seen to embrace "the empty character" of Heinrich Rickert's neo-Kantian philosophy of value. Mayer viewed Weber's value theory as a nihilistic contribution to the rise of National Socialism.


text: Mommsen wrote of continuities between Weber's "value-neutral" sociology and his "evaluative" politics. The second edition of Max Weber and German Politics 1890-1920 argued that "values and science, in Weber's thought, were interdependent." Critics were dismissed as attempting "to shield Max Weber's sociological works against any possible criticism based on political aspects." Roth responded in a 1965 American sociological journal, stating that Weber was a major target for a series of critiques aimed at political sociology in general, if not at most of social science. Roth also stated that Mommsen was removed from the interest of American sociologists in Weber and that Mommsen's treatment becomes questionable when he interprets Weber's sociological analysis as political ideology. Roth stated that his "major intent" was "not to provide an historical defense of Weber but a review of critiques as they seem to bear on the raison d'etre of political sociology." Roth further stated that Weber "must appear relativist and Machiavellian to all those who, for ideological reasons, cannot recognize any dividing line between political sociology and political ideology. Weber emphatically insisted on such a distinction, while his critics refuse to distinguish between his scholarship and his politics".


title: List of military rations

text: The Canadian Armed Forces provides each soldier with a complete pre-cooked meal known as the Individual Meal Pack (IMP), packaged inside a heavy-duty folding paper bag. There are 5 breakfast menus, 6 lunch menus, and 6 supper menus. Canadian rations provide generous portions and contain a large number of commercially available items. The main meal is precooked and ready-to-eat, packed in heavy-duty plastic-foil retort pouches boxed with cardboard. Typically, the ration contains a meal item (beans and wiener sausages, scalloped potatoes with ham, smoked salmon fillet, macaroni and cheese, cheese omelette with mushrooms, shepherd's pie, etc.), wet-packed (sliced or mashed) fruit in a boxed retort pouch, and depending on the meal a combination of instant soup or cereal, fruit drink crystals, jam or cheese spread, peanut butter, honey, crackers, bread (bun) compressed into a retort pouch, coffee and tea, sugar, commercially available chocolate bars and hard candy, a long plastic spoon, paper towels and wet wipes. Canada also makes limited use of a Light Meal Pack containing dried meat or cheese, dried fruit, a granola bar, a breakfast cereal square, a chocolate bar, hard candy, hot cocoa mix, tea, and two pouches of instant fruit drink. Canadian ration packs also contain a book of cardboard matches.


title: List of military rations

text: The Military Forces of Colombia issues the Ración de Campaña, a dark olive green plastic bag weighing between 1092 and 1205 grams and providing 3,097 to 3,515 kcal (12,960 to 14,710 kJ). Inside are the retort pouch main courses and supplements needed by a soldier for one day. The individual meals, which cater to South American tastes, consist of a breakfast, a lunch, and a main meal (Tamal, envueltos, lentils with chorizo, arvejas con carne, garbanzo beans a la madrileña, arroz atollado, ajiaco con pollo, and sudado con papas y carne). The ration also includes bread products, beverage mixes, candy and accessories. All items except the beverage mixes require no further preparation and can be eaten either hot or cold. The beverage powders must be mixed with hot or cold water before consumption. Each ration also contains raw sugar, a can of condensed milk, sandwich cookies, sweetened and thickened cream spread, hard candy or caramels, peanuts or trail mix or 25 g of roasted almonds, instant coffee, salt, paper towels, a plastic spoon, 2 water purification tablets, and a multivitamin tablet.


title: List of military rations

text: The Secretariat of National Defense issues the "Ración Diaria Individual de Combate" box or "individual soldiers daily combat meal" box. It is packaged in an olive green and black plastic box with the contents printed on the front; the box contains three individual meal packs containing meals providing 3,640 to 4,030 kcal (15,200 to 16,900 kJ) which are meant to sustain a soldier for one day. Each individual meal package contains two main retort pouches which are meant to be eaten with each other. The first retort pouch usually contains a meat product (such as beef, pork, sausage, fish, ham, seafood, chicken, tuna, bacon, or other meats which are usually mixed with a flavoring sauce and vegetables) the second retort pouch contains a staple food (rice, hominy, noodles, beans, pasta, eggs, or more vegetables). Each meal package also contains salt, spices, condensed milk, cream, butter, chorizo spread, dried fruit or preserves, bread, crackers, sugar, custard, cookies, canned fish, cocoa mix, nuts, chocolate or other candies, vitamins, a large pouch of drinking water, a pouch of Jumex fruit juice or Coca-Cola, biodegradable napkins and utensils, and water purification tablets. Some meal packages do not contain the two main retort pouches and instead contain a single larger pouch with a finished meal such as tamales or steak and eggs but, these are usually only available when close to a base or when the military is operating in an urban area.


title: List of military rations

text: The Bundeswehr uses the Einmannpackung to provide two substantial meals to each soldier. The standard practice is to provide one hot cooked meal for the other meal whenever possible. A heater or oven is not included since an Esbit cooker is part of each soldier's personal equipment. Enough food items are contained within the Einmannpackung to sustain the soldier for 24 hours. Currently there are three menus; each includes two meals out of a selection of 19 meals, with several heavy-duty foil trays containing items such as lentils with sausages, Yugoslav Sausage, Goulash, beef burgers in tomato sauce, Italian pasta, or Tofu stir-fry. There are also three smaller foil "cans" of bread spreads such as cheese spread, liver-sausage, dried-meat sausage, or cheese spread with green peppers. The meal box also includes: thinly sliced rye bread (170 g), hard crackers , a foil can of fruit salad, instant cream of wheat, instant fruit juice powder, instant coffee, instant tea, powdered cream, a chocolate bar, sugar, salt, gum, jam, water purifying tablets, two plastic bags, matches, paper towels, and a user guide.


title: List of military rations

text: The primary operational ration used by the Hellenic Armed Forces is the Merida Eidikon Dynameon (Special Forces' Ration, also known as a 4B-ration), a 24-hour ration pack inside a cardboard box measuring 240 mm × 140 mm × 130 mm (9.4 in × 5.5 in × 5.1 in) and weighing 1 kg (2.2 lb). Most items are commercially procured, with the main meals in round pull-ring cans. Typical contents include: a 200 g canned meat ("SPAM"); 280 g can of meat with vegetables (beef and potatoes, etc.) (termed Prepared Food With Meat or ΠΦΜΚ); a 280 g can of cooked vegetables (green peas, etc.) (Prepared Food Without Meat or ΠΦΑΚ); an 85 g can of cheese; 6 hard biscuits; 40 g honey; three 50 g packages of raisins or chocolate; 30 g sugar; 1.5 g black tea, 2 g instant coffee; 19 g instant milk powder; two small packets of salt; a multivitamin tablet; 4 water purification tablets; a pack of tissues; a disposable ration heater with 5 fuel tablets; and a box of matches. In wartime, packs of locally commandeered cigarettes may also be issued.


title: List of military rations

text: The Irish Defence Forces fields a 24-hour ration pack somewhat similar to that used by the British. It is packed in a large ziplock plastic bag and contains two pre-cooked main meals and items to be eaten throughout the day. Included are: instant soup, ramen noodles, an oatmeal block, a high-energy protein bar, both brown and fruit biscuits, sweets, and a selection of beverage mixes. Breakfast (bacon and beans or sausage and beans) is packaged in a retort pouch while dinner (Beef Casserole, Irish Stew, Chicken Curry, or a vegetarian main course) comes in either a flat tin or microwaveable plastic tray. Desserts consist of a retort-pouched dessert (chocolate pudding, syrup pudding, fruit dumplings), a Kendal mint cake, and a roll of fruit lozenges. Beverages include tea bags, instant coffee, hot cocoa, and a powdered isotonic drink mix. Also included are a pack of tissues, a small scouring pad, matches, water purification tablets, salt and pepper packets, sugar, dry cream powder, moist towelettes, and individual packets of foot powder.


title: List of military rations

text: The Norwegian Armed Forces use a 24-hour ration pack (Norwegian "feltrasjon") designed by Drytech, consisting of 2 freeze-dried main meals, a packet of compressed breakfast cereal, packets of instant soup, and supplements. These are packed in 3 green polylaminate bags labelled "Breakfast", "Lunch", or "Dinner", overwrapped in clear plastic and issued as one day's ration. Depending on the soldiers activity, the rations are delivered in two different sizes of either 3800 kcal or 5000 kcal. Included are a substantial assortment of beverages (cocoa mix, instant coffee, energy drink powder, and herbal teas), plus thin sliced rye bread and chocolate, chewing gum, a vitamin tablet, and litter bags. There are 7 completely different menus, and ongoing development to meet different nations requirements. The main meals are for example Chili con carne, different pasta dishes, Beef Stew, Beef and Potato Casserole, Lamb Mulligatawny, Cod and Potato Casserole, Pasta Bolognese, Wolf-fish with Prawns and Dill, Sweet and Sour Chicken, Rice in Basil Sauce etc. Small tins of fish are often provided separately.


title: List of military rations

text: Most commonly it is packaged into a sturdy plastic blister box (nicknamed "The Frog" in the field for its olive-green color), or plastic-sealed cardboard box that contains five to six entrees in laminated foil cans or retort pouches, four to six pack of crackers or preserved bread, two to three dessert items in form of a spread or fruit bar, four beverage concentrate pouches, some seasonings (salt, pepper, sugar, ketchup), and various sundry items like sanitizing wipes/paper towels, spoons, can opener, four hexamine fuel tablets, folding heater, matches and water purifier tablets. The types of entrees vary with the producer and the issued menu (of which there are usually 7 to 12), but the common set is based on a traditional Russian outdoorsmen fare, is largely formed out of the commercially available canned food, and usually includes 1 portion of stewed beef or pork, two meat-with-vegetables dishes, like various porridges, stews or canned fish, and one or two spreads, such as liver pâté, sausage stuffing or processed cheese. Desserts may include fruit jams, chocolate and/or walnut spreads, chocolate bars, sweetened condensed milk, etc., but baked goods are usually avoided out of concerns about their shelf life. Other variants may add canned speck and/or dried fish or exchange the hexamine tablets for the flameless heater.


title: List of military rations

text: The Swedish Armed Forces use ration packs from the Swedish-developed 24 hour meals. 24 hour meals have a long range of menus (approx. 200) and can deliver both freezedried and wet meals. The Swedish concept (combat edition) consists of several versions for different use, in all climate zones, and various types of missions. Examples of different types of rations: 1-course (patrolration), 2-course, 3-course and 4-course versions with a variation of 40 different meals, both wet and dry. The rations varies from 1300 kcal to 5000 kcal. The ration is packed in a transparent durable plastic bag that is resealable with a ziplock. The contents are 1–4 main meals with energy bars, protein bars, nuts, energy drinks, whole wheat bread, peanut butter, desserts and spices for example. The durable bag change size depending on the version for optimal space usage in cartons and soldiers' backpacks. 24 hour meals have been developed at a rapid pace and are currently producing their 5th generation . R&D are working close with soldiers in Scandinavia and various missions around the world.


title: List of military rations

text: The UK provides the Operational Ration Pack, General Purpose. Packed inside a small cardboard box, each ration has enough retort-pouched and canned foods to feed one soldier for 24 hours. Seven menus (plus vegetarian and religious variants) provide two precooked meals (Breakfast and Main Meal) plus a midday snack. Example (Menu A) Breakfast: Hamburger and beans, Instant Porridge. All ration packs also contain Oatmeal Block, Fruit Biscuits, Biscuits Brown (a more compact alternative to bread), a sachet of instant soup and jam or yeast extract (a Marmite like spread) for a lunchtime snack, and chocolate (in the form of a specially made Yorkie bar which is flatter than civilian bars, or, more recently, a simple unbranded bar of milk chocolate), though this has been phased out with the introduction of the more recent multi-climate ration packs, and boiled sweets (hard candy) for snacking whilst on patrol, or in free time. Main Meal: Instant soup, Chicken with Mushroom and Pasta, Treacle Pudding. Each pack also contains instant coffee, tea bags, creamer, sugar, hot cocoa mix, beef/vegetable stock powder, lemon/orange powder or Lucozade electrolyte powder, matches, packet of tissues, chewing-gum, a small bottle of Tabasco sauce, and water purifying tablets. They sometimes also contain chicken and herb pâté. Also available are Kosher/Halal, Vegetarian, and Hindu/Sikh specific menus. Regardless of their contents, these ration packs are referred to as Rat-Packs or Compo (short for Composite Rations) by the soldiers who eat them. In addition to containing the 24-hour ration, the outside of the cardboard box has a range card printed on its side for use by the soldier to record key features and their range from their position. Other variations designed for specific environments exist.


title: List of military rations

text: Combat Ration One Man is a complete 24-hour ration pack that provides two substantial meals per day and a wide variety of drinks and snacks for the remainder of the day. Most items, such as Beef Kai Si Ming, Dutch-style Beef with Vegetables, Beef with Spaghetti, Baked Beans, Sausages with Vegetables, or Chicken with pasta and vegetables, are packed in 250 gram sized plastic-foil retort pouches. Included with every meal pack is a pouch of instant rice or instant mashed potatoes, a fruit and grain bar, 2 envelopes of instant drink powder, some biscuits, an "Anzac Biscuit", a chocolate bar, M&M's, coffee, tea, sugar, crackers, cheese spread, jam, sweetened condensed milk, hard sweets, and Vegemite. It is packed in a tough clear polyethylene bag and weighs around 1.5–1.7 kg (3.3–3.7 lb). In practical use, these packs are "stripped" by removing and trading with other soldiers, those components that are unlikely to be consumed by the person carrying the pack. This also reduces the weight of the packs, allowing more to be carried. There are eight menu choices, one of which is vegetarian. None of them are allergen free since Defence Force members are typically selected, among many other attributes, for their no known allergy status.


title: List of military rations

text: The Singapore Armed Forces issues three types of combat rations – Type M (Muslim), Type N (Non-Muslim), and Type V (Vegetarian). Each type comes in 4 or 5 different menus, packed in a heavy-duty green plastic bag similar to an American MRE bag, but measuring 205 mm x 190 mm x 115 mm (8" x 7.5" x 4.5") and weighing 1.5 kg (3.3 lb). Most items are retort-pouched (in the form of a watery paste and eaten straight from the pouch) and (except for the hot beverages) can be eaten without further preparation. The ration provides three meals and a variety of between-meal snacks, averaging 3,350 kcal (14,000 kJ) per day. Each ration bag includes 2 retort-pouched main courses, a dessert, and an accessory pack containing 2 fruit bars, 4 packages of cookies, an envelope of isotonic drink mix powder, an envelope of instant flavored tea mix, a hot beverage (coffee, cocoa, or tea), an envelope of cereal mix, candy, matches, fuel tablets, and tissue paper. A package of instant noodles is provided with every meal pack, but is issued separately. Typical Type M (Menu #1): Rendang Mutton with rice; Tandoori Chicken with rice; Red Bean dessert. Typical Type N (Menu #5): Pasta Bolognese; Yellow Rice with Chicken; Barley Dessert with milk. Typical Type V (Menu #1): Mock Chicken Curry with rice; Vegetarian Fried Noodle; Green Bean dessert with coconut milk.


title: Francis Lickfield

text: Lickfield was ordained deacon in June 1933 and priest in December 1933,by Bishop Francis M. Taitt of Pennsylvania. He married Josephine Mondello on March 7, 1934, and together had two children. Between 1933 and 1934, he served as a missionary and chaplain of the House of Refuge in New York City. In 1934, he became vicar of St John's Church in Westfield, Pennsylvania, St Andrew's Church in Tioga, Pennsylvania and the Church of the Holy Spirit in Knoxville, Pennsylvania. In 1936, he became a member of the diocesan department for Christian Education, while in 1938 he became a priest of the Bush Brotherhood. Between 1936 and 1943, he also served as rector of St Paul's Church in Philipsburg, Pennsylvania. Between 1943 and 1945, he returned to New York to serve as assistant priest at the Chapel of the Intercession. In 1945 he became rector of St Matthias' Church in Waukesha, Wisconsin, while in 1948 he moved to Chicago to become rector of the Church of the Redeemer, a post he held till 1948.


title: August Klughardt

text: In 2011, the label CPO recorded his Symphony No. 3 in D major, Op. 37 and the Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 65 with the Dessau Anhalt Philharmonic Orchestra, soloist Miriam Tschopp and conductor Golo Berg. In 2016, it released the Symphony No. 4 in C Minor, Op. 57 and the Drei Stücke für Orchester, Op. 87, a series of three well-contrasted pieces (Capriccio, Gavotte, and Tarantelle), performed by the same orchestra but this time conducted by Antony Hermus. The Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 71 was also recorded on CPO in 2013 with the same orchestra and conductor and also contains the Concert Overture in E "Im Frühling" (In Spring), Op. 30 and the Fest-Overture in E flat, Op. 78. Between 1975 and 1980 another label, Sterling, recorded the Concert Overture in G major, Op. 45, the Konzertstück for Oboe and Orchestra in F, Op. 18, the Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 59 and the Suite for Orchestra, "Auf der Wanderschaft" (A Walk in the Countryside), Op. 67, an orchestration by the composer of an earlier piano suite that he composed after he and his wife holidayed in the Harz mountains; they are performed by Rolf-Julius Koch (oboe), Horst Beckedorf (cello) and the NDR Radiophilarmonie with three different conductors.


title: Siege of Middelburg (1572–1574)

text: Philip II of Spain had inherited the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands upon his accession, but his policies soon led to local discontent. By 1568, William I of Orange, stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht, and other noblemen were dissatisfied with Spanish rule in the Netherlands. A series of revolts emerged against the Spanish authorities, mainly caused by religious and economic impositions on the Dutch population who also sought to end the harsh rule of the Spanish Duke of Alba, governor-general of the Netherlands. The Dutch rebels hoped to expel Alba and his Spanish troops from the country and as a result hostilities increased, leading to the Eighty Years' War. In April 1572, the Sea Beggars, Dutch rebels captured Brielle which caused a sensation, and a chain reaction of events took place especially on Walcheren island. After Brielle had been captured, this soon led to the seizure of the town of Flushing. Other cities in the province of Zeeland soon joined the rebels, and by mid-1572 only Arnemuiden and Middelburg, on the island of Walcheren, and Goes, on the island of Zuid-Beveland, remained under Spanish control. All of these would be besieged by the Dutch forces under William of Orange, with the support of English troops sent by Elizabeth I.


title: Harold Poynton

text: In addition to the above Test Matches, Harold Poynton also played in the following 1962 Great Britain Lions tour matches; the 24–10 victory over Western New South Wales at Bathurst, New South Wales on Sunday 27 May 1962, the 18–23 defeat by Newcastle at Newcastle, New South Wales on Monday 4 June 1962, the 36–12 victory over Toowoomba at Toowoomba on Sunday 17 June 1962, the 55–8 victory over Central Queensland at Rockhampton on Wednesday 20 June 1962, the 33–31 victory over Far North Queensland at Cairns on Saturday 23 June 1962, the 20–5 victory over New South Wales at Sydney Cricket Ground on Saturday 7 July 1962, the 10–18 defeat by Northern New South Wales at Tamworth, New South Wales on Sunday 8 July 1962, the 81–14 victory over Bay of Plenty at Rotorua on Tuesday 7 August 1962, the 13–46 defeat by Auckland at Auckland on Monday 13 August 1962, the 49–30 victory over South Africa at Pretoria on Thursday 23 August 1962, the 39–33 victory over South Africa at Durban on Saturday 25 August 1962, and the 45–23 victory over South Africa at Johannesburg on Friday 31 August 1962.


title: Esophageal speech

text: The prosthesis is placed approximately 10–14 days post operation by a certified speech language pathologist (SLP) who specializes in ENT work. During the placement of a prosthesis, the SLP measures the depth of the puncture, chooses the correct prosthesis, and inserts it with a loading device (the entire process can occur in 30–45 minutes pending complications). Patients return for the puncture to be resized every few months after surgery. When the puncture site stops changing sizes, then a more permanent prosthesis can be placed that will last approximately 6–12 months (indwelling prosthesis). Patients may choose this route, in which case they will return to the SLP for placement every 6–12 months, or may choose a low pressure, or duckbill prosthesis that they can change independently at home every few months. This option has become increasingly popular in the past 10 years, as in many cases intelligible voicing may be achieved within minutes of placement of the prosthesis. Some of the advantages to tracheoesophageal puncture are a higher success rate at about 95% of vocal rehabilitation and a much faster time frame compared to esophageal speech.


title: Thônex

text: During the 2009–2010 school year there were a total of 2,816 students in the Thônex school system. The education system in the Canton of Geneva allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there were 131 children who were in a pre-kindergarten class. The canton's school system provides two years of non-mandatory kindergarten and requires students to attend six years of primary school, with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In Thônex there were 487 students in kindergarten or primary school and 50 students were in the special, smaller classes. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. There were 487 lower secondary students who attended school in Thônex. There were 708 upper secondary students from the municipality along with 132 students who were in a professional, non-university track program. An additional 293 students attended a private school.


title: U.S. Route 17

text: Once in Jacksonboro, the road enters Charleston County, crossing the Edisto River and maintains a four-lane configuration for the remainder of the state. The road passes through several rural communities as it approaches Charleston from the west. In Charleston, the 3.6-mile (5.8 km) section running from South Carolina Highway 171 (SC 171) to Sam Rittenberg Boulevard has been named the "Charleston Nine Memorial Highway", in honor of nine Charleston firefighters killed in the line of duty in the Charleston Sofa Super Store fire on June 18, 2007. US 17 passes through the West Ashley community before it traverses the Ashley River Drawbridges to the Charleston Peninsula. From the drawbridges, it is known as the Septima Clark Crosstown Connector and is mostly routed north of the affluent historical areas of the city. Upon reaching the I-26 terminus, US 17 becomes limited-access and above grade as it approaches the Cooper River via the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge. The stretch of US 17 in Charleston is infamous among locals for its traffic congestion, especially on weekday mornings.


title: U.S. Route 17

text: Upon crossing the river, the highway enters Mount Pleasant at grade and is signalized for several miles up through the second interchange with I-526 and connecting roads to the Isle of Palms and Sullivan's Island. The road leaves the Charleston metro area and enters the Francis Marion National Forest and going through the rural communities of Awendaw and McClellanville, where Hurricane Hugo made landfall in September 1989. US 17 continues on its northeastern journey to Georgetown and crosses the marsh-lined Santee River as it enters Georgetown County. US 17's route through Georgetown is a major thoroughfare through the city and skirts the historic district. After going through Georgetown and passing by DeBordieu Colony, Pawleys Island, Litchfield Beach, and Murrells Inlet, US 17 enters Horry County, passes Garden City Beach, and Surfside Beach, and arrives in Myrtle Beach, where it splits between a business route and the mainline route, which remains west of the beach and tourist areas served by US 17 Business. The roads rejoin north of the city and continue as US 17 through Atlantic Beach, North Myrtle Beach, and Little River before crossing into North Carolina.


title: List of Stateside Puerto Rican communities

text: Florida is home to two-thirds of the Puerto Rican population in the South. Florida is currently home to the fastest-growing Puerto Rican population of any state. Cubans and Puerto Ricans are Florida's largest Hispanic groups, though unlike the Cuban community which is nearly entirely located in the South Florida and Tampa Bay areas, the Puerto Rican population is far more spread-out and is present in large numbers in Central Florida, South Florida, and North Florida, having large populations in the metro areas of Orlando, Tampa, Miami, and Jacksonville, among other cities. South Florida has a large Puerto Rican population centered around the Miami metro area, yet are largely overlooked by Cuban dominance and the overall diversity of the Miami area, with large numbers in Miami, Hollywood, West Palm Beach, Homestead, North Miami, Boynton Beach, Coconut Creek, and Port St. Lucie. The west coast of Florida has significant Puerto Rican populations present in scattered areas, in cities such as, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Pinellas Park, Lakeland, Cape Coral, Lehigh Acres, and Fort Myers.


text: Central Florida has the largest Puerto Rican population of any region in the state and the fastest-growing Puerto Rican population in the country. The Orlando metropolitan area is the center of the Puerto Rican population in Central Florida and there is large populations of Puerto Ricans throughout the region, with the largest populations in Orlando, Kissimmee, Poinciana, Buenaventura Lakes, Azalea Park, Meadow Woods, Pine Hills, Deltona, St. Cloud, Sanford, Apopka, Alafaya, Oak Ridge, Oviedo, Daytona Beach, and Palm Bay. Osceola County is the only county in the country where Puerto Ricans are the largest ancestral group. Puerto Ricans are also the vast majority of Hispanics in Volusia County. The I-4 corridor, extending from Daytona Beach to Tampa, is home to 500,000 Puerto Ricans. The I-4 corridor is politically considered the swing section of the state, yet Puerto Rican growth has created a Democratic registration advantage. Puerto Rican growth in Central Florida has also had a direct impact on the uninterrupted influence Cubans once had. In North Florida, there are significant Puerto Rican populations in Jacksonville, Orange Park, Ocala, Tallahassee, and Gainesville. Though, the most notable growth in North Florida has been in Clay County and the Jacksonville area. Though, the Puerto Rican population may not be as large as other parts of Florida, especially Central Florida, Puerto Ricans often make up the majority of Hispanics in many North Florida cities, due to lower percentages of Hispanics in North Florida.


text: In Ohio, the Puerto Rican population is highly concentrated in Northeast Ohio, almost two-thirds can be found in the Cleveland metro area alone. Cleveland has the largest population of Puerto Ricans in the state and the highest percentage of Puerto Ricans of any major city in the Midwest. Northeast Ohio has the highest concentration of Puerto Ricans in the Midwest and any state outside the eastcoast, with Lorain having the highest Puerto Rican percentage outside the eastcoast. There are many other Ohio cities with significant Puerto Rican populations, particularly in Northeast Ohio, including the Cleveland suburbs of Parma, Parma Heights, Brook Park, Brooklyn, Middleburg Heights, Lakewood, Lorain, and Elyria, as well as other Northeast Ohio places like Youngstown, Campbell, and Ashtabula. The Columbus area in Central Ohio also has a large and growing Puerto Rican population. In recent years, Ohio has replaced Illinois as the most popular Midwest destination for Puerto Ricans, with many more choosing the Cleveland and Columbus areas of Ohio over the Chicago area.


title: Peter Constantine

text: In 1998, Constantine received the PEN/Book-of-the-Month Club Translation Prize for his translation of Thomas Mann's Six Early Stories. It was chosen by The New York Times as a Notable Book of the Year. In 1999 he was awarded the National Translation Award for The Undiscovered Chekhov: Thirty-Eight New Stories. In 2002, Constantine's translation of The Complete Works of Isaac Babel, edited by Nathalie Babel, received a Koret Jewish Book Award and a National Jewish Book Award citation. His translation of the modern Greek poet Stylianos Harkianakis's poetry book Mother received the 2004–2005 Hellenic Association of Translators of Literature Prize. In 2007 Constantine was the recipient of the Helen and Kurt Wolff Translator's Prize for his translation of Benjamin Lebert's novel The Bird Is a Raven. His translation of The Essential Writings of Machiavelli was a finalist for the 2008 PEN/Book-of-the-Month Club Translation Prize. Peter Constantine is a 2012 Ellen Maria Gorrissen Berlin Prize Fellow at the American Academy in Berlin. In 2016, Constantine received an honorary doctorate, Doctor of Humane Letters, from the University of Connecticut.


title: Harbans Singh

text: Harbans Singh was born on 6 March 1921 in the village of Kotha Guru in the Bathinda district of the Punjab. His mother, Roop Kaur, belonged to the Sodhi family and traced her ancestry to the Hari Singh Nalwa clan. She deeply influenced his religious sensibilities. He received his schooling at Khalsa Secondary School at Muktsar. Thereafter, much to the disappointment of his parents, he refused to attend Medical School, and joined the Khalsa College in Amritsar, where he became president of the Khalsa College Students Association, Editor of the Darbar, and president of the Khalsa College Hockey Club. He received both his undergraduate and graduate degrees from this premier Sikh institute. The college authorities were so familiar with his academic potential that they offered him his first academic position even before his exam results were out. Harbans Singh started his career as a lecturer of English at the Khalsa College in Amritsar in 1943. His daughter, Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh, is Crawford Professor of Religious Studies at Colby College in Maine, USA.


title: Harbans Singh

text: In 1960 he became the Member-Secretary of the Punjabi University Commission with Maharaja Yadvindra Singh of Patiala as the president. The commission was instrumental for creating the Punjabi University to advance Punjabi language, literature, and culture. The Hebrew University in Israel is the only other University founded on language. Though extremely busy with the administrative demands of the growing University, he kept up with his scholarship, writing important books, including Guru Gobind Singh (which was translated into 14 Indian languages) and The Heritage of the Sikhs (one of the most popular of his titles, which went to several editions with significant additions and revisions). In 1964 he was invited by the United States Government to study the administrative functioning and educational system of universities in the US. He compiled his impressions of this visit in the form of a book Higher Education in America , which has been appreciated for its informative and educative value and its insights on continuing education – this last became the cornerstone of the Evening Studies program at the Punjabi University.


title: Harbans Singh

text: During his tenure as Professor of Sikh Studies and Head of the Department of Religious Studies, he hosted many international conferences and brought distinguished scholars to the Punjabi University. He also travelled extensively, lecturing on different facets of Sikhism in Japan, Belgium, the Netherlands, England, Ireland, and the US. The series of lectures that he delivered at Berkeley at the invitation of its university in May 1984 were published in a book, The Berkeley Lectures on Sikhism. He was an active member of the World Conference on Religion and Peace, and he also joined the International Consultation in Search of Non-Violent Alternatives in Derry, Northern Ireland. All through he kept up with his scholarship in Sikh history and literature by writing books, contributing articles to journals and newspapers, translating Punjabi authors like Bhai Vir Singh, Amrita Pritam, and Ajeet Cour into English, and editing collections of short-stories, essays, and conference papers. His book on Bhai Vir Singh, which first appeared in "Makers of Indian Literature" series sponsored by the Sahitya Akademy, was republished posthumously in Punjabi by the Bhai Vir Singh Sadan in New Delhi. Harbans Singh wrote an autobiographical essay in Punjabi after losing his beloved wife Kailash Kaur.


title: Harbans Singh

text: The culmination of his life was the momentous Encyclopaedia of Sikhism, the first in the English language. This comprehensive work covers different aspects of Sikh history, literature, and philosophy. The four-volume set was released by the Prime Minister of India on 5 March 1999 at New Delhi in a special function. Though Harbans Singh suffered a paralytic stroke, he received an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from Guru Nanak Dev University, and continued working on his project until his death on 30 May 1998. He was also honored by the Shiromani Gurdwara Committee on 17 August 1992, at a function at his residence in Punjabi University where the SGPC president, Jathedar Gurcharan Singh Tohra, bestowed a siropa on him in the presence of Mr Parkash Singh Badal. During the Khalsa Tercentenary Celebrations in 1999, he was posthumously invested with the "Order of the Khalsa." The Punjabi University honored him by prefixing his name "Professor Harbans Singh" to the Department of the Encyclopedia of Sikhism to which he had totally dedicated himself during the last decades of his life. This full-fledged Department will continue to ensure that the Encyclopaedia of Sikhism is made available in Punjabi and is constantly revised and updated. An online version is published on the internet by Punjabi University. Essays in Honour of Professor Harbans Singh were published by Dr. Dharam Singh entitled Sikhism and Secularism. Harbans Singh was a sage-like figure who worked away from the limelight, selflessly pursuing his literary and scholarly interests.


title: Constantin Iancu (footballer)

text: Constantin Iancu, nicknamed "Guță" was born on 26 August 1940 in Bucharest, Romania and grew up in the Dudești neighborhood, starting to play football at local club, Flacăra Roșie. In the early 1960s his talent was noticed by coach Traian Ionescu who wanted to bring him to Dinamo București where he did not have a place to play as there in the offence were players like Ion Pârcălab, Constantin Frățilă or Ion Haidu so he was sent to Dinamo Obor București for one year, afterwards going one year to Dinamo Bacău. After another two years spent at Politehnica Iași and Progresul București, Iancu went to play for Farul Constanța where he had his most long and prolific spell of his career but in 1969 after scoring the only goal of a 1–0 Divizia A home victory against Dinamo București he was arrested shortly after the game ended. One year before his arrest he was accused of causing a scandal, disturbing the peace and of attempted rape when he was with Farul in a cantonment at Poiana Brașov but because of lack of evidence, the authorities closed the file but it was re-opened after that match and people suspected that it was because Dinamo, who had connections with the Internal Affairs Ministry lost because of the goal he scored, however this hypothesis was never proven. Iancu was sent to two years in prison and banned for life to play football but he was released from jail after one year and asked the authorities permission to play football again which was granted to him, so he played one year at Argeș Pitești, two at FC Galați in Divizia B and ended his career at Progresul after in the middle of the 1970s a decree appeared that said that players who had criminal records are not allowed to play football. in the 1980s, Constantin Iancu emigrated to some relatives he had in Sweden where he died in 2000 at age 60.


title: Helen Muir (reporter)

text: She wrote about Florida as a columnist for the Universal Service syndicate from 1935 to 1938 and wrote freelance for The Miami News and the Miami Herald until 1965. In 1941, she had a daily column, "Very Truly Yours" in The Miami News. She left the post after the attack on Pearl Harbor, to become publicist for the "Committee to Defend America," and had a radio program called Women in Defense on WQAM during World War II. By 1943, she was serving as society and women's editor for The Miami News. During her career, she interviewed and wrote about the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, Jessica Mitford, John Barrymore, Alfred Hitchcock, Joan Crawford, Christina Crawford, Liza Minnelli, Ernest Hemingway, Tennessee Williams, Alan Alda, Lord and Lady Clement Attlee, Larry King, and was one of the first American journalists to interview the Beatles during their visit to Miami Beach to perform for the Ed Sullivan Show at the Deauville Hotel. Aside from interviewing famous visitors to Miami, Muir wrote articles that were published nationally. For example, on April 25, 1951, an article she wrote regarding the Parrot Jungle, "Glorious Things That Fly," appeared in The Saturday Evening Post.


title: Helen Muir (reporter)

text: Her closest friends included author Philip Wylie, and Marjory Stoneman Douglas. Novelist Hervey Allen, distinguished poet, teacher, and author of the bestselling novel Anthony Adverse, called Marjory Stoneman Douglas and Muir, "the Stewart Avenue Gang" because they were neighbors and friends for many years. The two were fond of having sherry together and gossiping, but those moments were followed by serious talk of the future of libraries, and the role of women in South Florida. They were confidants, and often shared their work with one another. Muir was also very close friends with Robert Wright and George Forrest. Helen had a lifelong friendship with Robert Frost, which began in 1941 when she interviewed him at the suggestion of Hervey Allen. She wrote a piece about their conversation, and he wrote in response, "You are the first interviewer I've ever met who could be amusing but not at my expense." Beginning in 1951, she and her family visited him at his farm in Ripton, Vermont during the summer months. In 1962, Frost became ill while visiting Pencil Pines, and asked Muir to guard his satchel of poems while he was being treated at Baptist Hospital. William Muir, Helen's husband and a prominent local lawyer, executed Frost's South Florida Estate upon his death in 1963, a testament to how close the Muirs and Frosts relationship had become over the years.


title: Helen Muir (reporter)

text: Muir authored several books. In 1953, she wrote the first edition of Miami, U.S.A. When it first appeared, Marjory Stoneman Douglas said in the Chicago Tribune, "Only old American cities have been thought to be worthy subjects of books. This book therefore may mark the coming of age of one of the youngest, in the last uncitied corner of the United States... The story, with the inspired title, is vigorous, colorful, dramatic, variously detailed, jam-packed with people, fast moving, a seething document." She brought the work current twice, with the second edition, published in 1990, and the third, expanded edition, published in 2000 by the University Press of Florida, at the age of 89. In 1987, she authored the first edition of Biltmore: Beacon for Miami, a history of the historic Coral Gables hotel built by George Merrick. She updated and published a second edition in 1993 and a third in 1997. In 1995, she published a memoir of her twenty-two year friendship with Robert Frost, entitled Frost in Florida: A Memoir.


title: Helen Muir (reporter)

text: Muir was appointed to the board of trustees for the City of Miami's Public Library in 1962, at the recommendation of county commissioner Alice Wainwright. (The first woman county commissioner for Miami-Dade County.) To advocate for a county library system, Muir published an article in The Miami News entitled "Why it's Time for a County Library System," which sparked a thoughtful public debate that ultimately led to the consolidation of the City and County library systems and established the county library system. Muir was elected as the first Chairperson of the Library Advisory Board and appointed to the Dade County Library Committee of the Florida Library Development Council. She also served on the board of the University of Miami Library, which is why she decided to give them her papers and correspondence when she died. She ultimately chaired the State Library Advisory Council and helped lead the organization of the Miami-Dade Public Library System. She co-founded the Friends of the Miami-Dade Public Libraries with friend Marjory Stoneman Douglas and others, and the Miami International Book Fair. She was named to the American Library Trustee Association Advocates Honor Roll in 2000.


title: Ali Gohar

text: For 13 years Gohar worked as the Additional Commissioner Social Welfare Cell for Afghan refugees (a project of UNHCR) in northern Pakistan. His work covered 258 Afghan refugee camps with programs in HIV/AIDS awareness, peacebuilding, and community development. In 2001 Gohar was awarded a Fulbright scholarship to Eastern Mennonite University's Center for Justice and Peacebuilding to complete his Master's Degree. While at CJP Gohar worked closely with Restorative Justice pioneer Howard Zehr. They would later collaborate on a revision of The Little Book of Restorative Justice specifically targeted at the Pakistan-Afghanistan context. Shortly after returning to Pakistan in 2003 Gohar founded Just Peace International (now Just Peace Initiatives), a non-profit aimed at working for peace and justice through conflict transformation practices. As part of this work he received a United States Institute of Peace (USIP) grant to explore the principles of Jirga as peacebuilding. In 2006, Gohar began working as a campaign officer with Oxfam Great Britain to end honor killings and address violence against women in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly known as the North-West Frontier Province) of Pakistan. In December of that year he left Oxfam to return to Just Peace Initiatives as executive director.


title: Duggingen

text: In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 475. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 12, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 302, of which 260 or (86.1%) were in manufacturing and 43 (14.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 161. In the tertiary sector, 53 or 32.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 15 or 9.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 10 or 6.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 6 or 3.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 58 or 36.0% were in education. In 2000, there were 338 workers who commuted into the municipality and 475 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.4 workers leaving the municipality for each one entering. About 10.4% of the workforce coming into Duggingen are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 21.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 52.4% used a private car.


title: Portrait of Mehmet II

text: The Portrait of Mehmet II is a painting by the Venetian artist Gentile Bellini, depicting the Ottoman sultan, Mehmet the Conqueror, now in the National Gallery, London. It was painted in 1480 while Bellini was in Constantinople on a diplomatic mission. This painting is a record of the significant economic and diplomatic ties that existed between Venice and the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. Before this painting, the Ottomans had recently conquered Constantinople. This put the Venetian Republic in a situation where they had no choice but to accept a peace treaty from Mehmet the conqueror in 1479. Venice was actively tied with Constantinople through commercial links because of their close proximity to the Mediterranean sea. The importation of raw silk, cotton, illuminated manuscripts, inlaid metalwork, and spices would have ground to a halt without this peace treaty. After a peace treaty was brokered between the Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Mehmet II decided that he would like an Italian painter to be in residence at his court and paint for him; this task was placed upon Gentile Bellini. At the time, Bellini was a painter of doges, primarily in Venice. Thus, Italy's decision to send Bellini to Istanbul to paint a portrait of Mehmet II was a diplomatic gesture, aimed at fostering peace and promoting cooperation between the two nations.


title: Portrait of Mehmet II

text: Mehmet II was a highly respected and distinguished individual who was recognized by many titles, including "The Man Who Connected The World". In 1453, the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II led the conquest of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, a momentous event that left a lasting impact on early modern Europe. This historic occasion not only transformed the social and political dynamics of the region but also positioned the Ottomans favorably in terms of future economic and military prospects. Mehmed II, the Ottoman Sultan, recognized that his vision of attaining worldwide dominance could not be achieved solely through military conquests. He, therefore, sought to promote his authority through the arts. Mehmed II believed that art could serve as a powerful tool to reflect his prestige and authority, both within and outside his empire. As such, he invested heavily in the arts, commissioning renowned artists to create works that would not only glorify his reign but also serve as a lasting testament to his legacy. By doing so, Mehmed II aimed to establish his reign as a cultural and intellectual center, thereby cementing his position as a leader of the world. Mehmed II was impressed by the Renaissance fashion of contemporary rulers, who used medals and portraits to establish their public image, much like Italian princes did. As a result, he decided to follow this trend and commissioned a portrait and medals for himself.


title: Portrait of Mehmet II

text: On January 25, 1479, seven months after the end of war between the Ottoman Empire and Venice, Sultan Mehmet took the opportunity to begin a diplomatic relationship with Venice. The mission was to request a talented Venetian painter to be at Mehmed's disposal, which resulted in the loan of Gentile Bellini. Bellini's position in the eyes of the sultan was embellished by a published account by Jacopo Filippo Foresti da Bergamo in 1490, conceivably in partnership with Bellini himself. It stated: "His talent one day reached the ears of Mehmed, Prince of the Turks, who burning with desire of seeing him, wrote humbly to the Venetian Senate with a request that it should as a great favor send to him in Istanbul as a gift. When he arrived ... in order that his entire art might be tested even further. required that he himself be rendered in his own form. And when the emperor beheld the image so similar to himself, he admired the man's powers and said that he surpassed all other painters who ever existed." There is no evidence Bellini was ever requested by name, contrary to Foresti's claim, which was subsequently taken up by Vasari himself in the same manner. It was recorded that Mehmet asked for a "good painter", meaning one who was good at portraiture. Even though the painting by Bellini of Mehmet II is the only authenticated work from his stay in Constantinople, there are other works attributed to Bellini that are related to his stay in Istanbul. There's a double portrait of a young man with Mehmet, now privately owned in Switzerland. This painting had a very old label attached to it which identified Bellini as the painter and the subjects as Mehmet II and his son Jem, the younger brother of the predecessor to the throne Beyazit. There are also sketches of a young woman and a janissary which live in The British Museum.


title: Portrait of Mehmet II

text: The painting is inscribed in the bottom corner "November 15, 1480", Six months after this painting was made Mehmet II died from health complications stemming from gout and edema of the legs. Art historians believed Mehmet's successor Bayezid II sold many of his father's portraits after his death. Bayezid disapproved of his father's commissioned paintings, but he also sold the paintings to help finance a large mosque complex established ca. 1500. Historians believe the painting could have been bought by Venetian merchants in Levant and in the early 16th century and brought to Venice where another painting of Mehmet by an unknown artist would have been made using the painting by Gentile as a type of prototype. Bellini's portrait of the Sultan was observed using X-ray imagery while at its current residence at the National Gallery in London. The X-ray revealed that there was no trace of the Sultan's face remaining in the painting, while the rest of the details of the painting are still visible, such as the turban, textiles, arch, and crowns. An iconoclastic act is the best explanation for such deliberate localized damage done to the face of Mehmet. This was not uncommon in the Ottoman Empire; to make an offending image inanimate, they would destroy the face. There are later examples in the manuscript of Semailname of 1579, which there is repainting of sultan's faces that have been destroyed at some point.


title: Portrait of Mehmet II

text: Mehmet II had many nicknames including "The Man Who Connected The World". He had an honorable reputation. For "a Turk" to be asking a Western painter to paint a portrait of him is unusual considering the perceptions of Turks in the West. Bellini's portrait can be interpreted as a tool that helped the West transition from stereotypical Islamic perceptions to more authentic perceptions. The portrait is not like any other painting in terms of what it represents. Bellini didn't draw a portrait of Mehmet II because he wanted to depict in his painting what a sultan looks like. He drew the portrait because he was asked to by Mehmet II. At the time in Venice, Bellini was a painter who painted portraits of doges so Italy sending him away to Istanbul to paint a portrait of Mehmet II can be interpreted as a diplomatic gift that signifies peace and cooperation. Mehmet's reason for asking for a Venetian painter stemmed from his interest in Italian art. He owned many objects made for him by Italian artists and architects but was specifically interested in the art of portraiture. Mehmet cared greatly about paintings that were accurate to reality and he wanted that for his own portrait. He once looked at one of Bellini's paintings that captured the beheading of Saint John the Baptist which made him unsure of Bellini's ability to paint realistically. In order to test Bellini's skills, Mehmet decapitated a slave in front of Bellini and told him where he went wrong in his painting, specifically how he captured the anatomy of the head. The three crowns shown on the backside of Bellini's medal representing the sultan are a heraldic device that was also repeated on both sides of his painting of the Sultan. The three crowns would have been easily referenced by Europeans familiar with the Swedish royal coat of arms or as reference to the three realms (Papal triregnum). However, in the context of images of Mehmet, the three crowns probably reference Magna Graecia (Southern Italy), Trebizond, and Asia. Looking closely at the painting by Bellini, there is an obscure seventh crown embroidered in the draped fabric in the forward-most portion of the painting. In the past, the seven crowns were suggested as defining Mehmed's position in the Ottoman dynasty. Another portrait probably made in Venice around c.1510 of Mehmed seems to show that the seven crowns were not of significance, at least not in the way past historians thought they could have been. This painting was done about 31 years later and omits the seventh crown, meaning that it may not have been as integral to Mehmet's identity as previously thought.


title: Boeing Model 15

text: The FB-1, of which the Navy ordered 16 but received only ten between December 1 and 22, 1924, was not modified for naval operations (for instance, no arresting hook), and was assigned to Marine Corps squadrons VF-1M, VF-2M, and VF-3M, being deployed to China in support of the Marine Expeditionary Force. Two additional planes—designated FB-2—were altered to operate on the carrier Langley with the addition of arresting gear and a straight-across axle for the landing gear. These went into service with VF-2 in December 1925. Generally satisfactory results led to an order for 27 FB-5s, which became the Navy's first fighters intended specifically for carrier operation. They were upgraded to 525 hp (391 kW) Packard 2A-1500 engines, and sported a row of hooks on the bottom of the axle, used to guide the plane via cables on the deck. The FB-5 first flew October 7, 1926 and was delivered to the Navy beginning in the following January, carried on barges in Puget Sound from Boeing's factory to Langley anchored in Seattle's harbor. Hoisted aboard, their first official flights were from the carrier's deck.


title: Jason Scotland

text: In July 2005, Scotland was denied a new work permit and the club made an appeal, which was deemed unsuccessful by a Scottish Premier League appeals committee. Within three weeks, St Johnstone of the Scottish First Division were successful in gaining a work permit for the player – despite using the same dossier as United had presented previously. Scotland went on to net 15 goals in 31 league appearances in his first season at McDiarmid Park, including a goal on his debut and a hat-trick in April. He was named in Trinidad Tobago's 2006 FIFA World Cup squad. Scotland's second season produced 18 league goals, including a goal against former club Dundee United in a League Cup match; despite his goal against his former club, he received a warm reception from the United fans. In February 2007, Scotland was the subject of racist taunts by a small section of Motherwell fans during St Johnstone's visit to Fir Park in the quarter-finals of the Scottish Cup. He went on to score Saints' second goal in a 2–1 victory. In April 2007, Scotland was one of three St Johnstone players named in the SPFA's Scottish Division One 'Team of the Year', voted for by the managers. At the end of the 2006–07 season, in his two campaigns with St Johnstone, Scotland had scored 33 goals in 66 league games for the club, an average of one every two games.