title: Max Pacioretty

text: In concluding his contract with the Hurricanes, Pacioretty agreed to a one-year incentive based contract up to $4 million with the Washington Capitals on the opening day of free agency for the 2023–24 season on July 1, 2023. Pacrioretty again missed some time due to his second Achilles tendon injury, not debuting with Washington until January 3, 2024, and reportely contemplated retirement in the time leading up to his debut. With the Capitals middling as the NHL trade deadline approached, rumors began to circulate that Pacioretty may waive his no-move clause to be sent to a playoff contender. Ultimately, Pacioretty refused to waive his no-movement clause despite several trade offers, saying he wanted to 'finish what started' by remaining in Washington. Despite a modest point total and a season goal differential of minus-37, the Capitals clinched a playoff spot in the final spot, though were ultimately swept in the first round. Playing in all games since his debut, Pacioretty appeared in 47 games with the club and all 4 playoff appearances, contributing 23 regular season points and an additional assist in the post-season.


title: Nashwa (horse)

text: On her first appearance as a three-year-old Nashwa started 13/8 favourite in a nine-runner novice race over one mile at Haydock Park on 23 April. After tracking the leaders in the early stages she went to the front approaching the final furlong and accelerated away from her opponents to win "easily" by six and a half lengths from her stablemate Wonderful Times. She was then stepped up in class and distance on 14 May for the Listed Fillies' Trial Stakes over ten furlongs at Newbury Racecourse. Starting the 5/6 favourite she was restrained by Doyle at the back of the seven-runner field before making "smooth progress" on the outside and after gaining the advantage two furlongs out she won by one and three quarter lengths from Stay Alert. Imad Al Sagar's racing manager Teddy Grimthorpe commented: "She did everything we hoped she would. She settled well, quickened well and galloped to the line. She has taken it in her stride in every way... It is only her third race and she is learning all the time. I think the great thing is the way she took herself into the race and settled when she asked her and she lengthened. She is a lovely-striding filly from that point of view, she looks smart. Hollie gets on with her well."


title: Nashwa (horse)

text: Sixteen days after her defeat at Epsom Nashwa was sent to France to contest the Prix de Diane over 2100 metres on good to soft ground at Chantilly Racecourse and started the 3/1 favourite in a seventeen-runner field which also included Zellie, Agave (Prix Penelope), Place du Carrousel (Prix Cleopatre) and Rosacea (Prix de la Grotte). Nashwa disputed the early lead before settling behind the outsider Tariyana and then regained the advantage 700 metres from the finish. She kept on "gamely" under pressure and held off a sustained challenge from La Parisenne to win by a short neck, with a gap of almost five lengths back to Rosacea in third. Hollie Doyle commented "I felt very vulnerable at the two-pole, I'm not going to lie. It was a muddling race and I expected some of the others to be a bit more excited pace-wise than they were. I didn't want to be where I was but she was very relaxed and happy to be one off the rail with a bit of company beside. When the second horse came to my girth she really dug deep". John Gosden said "Nashwa is a very classy filly... We've run her in two Oaks, and it was tough on her. But she seemed remarkably calm after the race, she had what I call a very natural, normal blow... I think she definitely deserves a freshen-up and a summer holiday".


title: 2001 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

text: On the Eagles first drive of the game, Buccaneers safety Dexter Jackson intercepted a pass from McNabb and returned it 9 yards to the Eagles 36-yard line, setting up a 36-yard field goal from Martin Gramatica. But McNabb made up for his mistake with a 39-yard run on third down and 5 on Philadelphia's ensuing possession, setting up a field goal for David Akers that tied the game, 3–3. In the second period, McNabb completed 4 of 4 passes for 70 yards on a 73-yard drive, including a 41-yard completion to Todd Pinkston, that ended with a 16-yard touchdown pass to tight end Chad Lewis. Tampa responded with a 10-play, 65-yard drive, but once again could not dent the end zone and had to settle for another Gramatica field goal, cutting their deficit to 10–6. Later in the quarter, Eagles punter Sean Landeta pinned the Buccaneers back at their own 5-yard line and Tampa Bay could not get a first down with their next drive. After receiving Mark Royals' short 28-yard punt at the Buccaneers 31-yard line, McNabb threw a 23-yard touchdown pass to Duce Staley with 35 seconds left in the half. But Tampa Bay managed to respond with Gramatica's third field goal before halftime, set up by a 46-yard reception from Keyshawn Johnson, cutting their deficit to 17–9.


title: 1998 DieHard 500

text: Qualifying was split into two rounds. The first round was held on Friday, April 24, at 3:00 PM CST. Each driver would have one lap to set a time. During the first round, the top 25 drivers in the round would be guaranteed a starting spot in the race. If a driver was not able to guarantee a spot in the first round, they had the option to scrub their time from the first round and try and run a faster lap time in a second round qualifying run, held on Saturday, April 24, at 5:00 PM EST. As with the first round, each driver would have one lap to set a time. On January 24, 1998, NASCAR would announce that the amount of provisionals given would be increased from last season. Positions 26-36 would be decided on time, while positions 37-43 would be based on provisionals. Six spots are awarded by the use of provisionals based on owner's points. The seventh is awarded to a past champion who has not otherwise qualified for the race. If no past champion needs the provisional, the next team in the owner points will be awarded a provisional.


title: The Ultimate Dance Battle

text: The show diverges from standard dance competition shows in that the choreographers participating are as much contestants as the dancers. A season begins with an audition phase during which choreographers pick and vie with one another for dancers from a common talent pool in order to form teams with which they will tackle routines from different dance genres, including hip-hop, modern, ballet, ballroom, and jazz. Each week, viewer votes determine which two teams will compete in a sudden death battle and Karaty decides which team survives to compete in the next round. The winning team receives a 50,000 Euro prize package which is split between the choreographer and dancers, with half going to the former and 5,000 to each dancer in the team. The contestant status of the choreographer, the professional status of the dancers and an increased focus on behind-the-scenes drama differentiate The Ultimate Dance Battle from the other dance-themed show Karaty participates in, So You Think You Can Dance.


title: The Ultimate Dance Battle

text: Initially, hundreds of professional dancers participate in open auditions overseen by Dan Karaty and other producers who choose the best candidates to participate for the first televised auditions. These remaining dancers are then drilled in several different styles and Karaty ultimately chooses 50 to advance to the next stage, the team selection auditions. In this round, dancers are introduced by Karaty and perform solo auditions in front of all five competing professional choreographers. Any choreographer who wishes to have the dancer on their team is able to extend an invitation. If only one of the five choreographers picks a contestant they are automatically assigned to the team, but if multiple choreographers choose the same dancer, then it is that dancer's choice which team they will ultimately be placed on. If no choreographer chooses the auditioning dancer, he or she is cut from the competition, except in cases where a choreographer, or Karaty in his role as head judge, chooses to put them on "on hold" until after all dancers have auditioned, in case any teams still require additional dancers.


title: Henry Ware (lawyer)

text: Born on 23 July 1912, Ware was educated at Marlborough College and St John's College, Oxford; he was admitted a solicitor in 1938, and joined the Treasury Solicitor's Department in February 1939 as a Junior Legal Assistant. After the Second World War broke out, he joined the Royal Artillery and became a lance corporal; he was commissioned a second lieutenant in December 1939, and was later promoted to captain. For the decade after the war, he served as a legal adviser to the Ministry of Transport and was briefly involved in the establishment of the Independent Television Authority, before moving in 1955 to the Admiralty and the Air Ministry, where he was concerned with such issues as the status of the Sovereign Bases in Cyprus and the future of the naval dockyards in Malta. In the mid-1960s he was Principal Legal Adviser to the Department of Economic Affairs, and worked to draft parts of the July Measures to stave off a devaluation of the Pound . In 1969, he became Deputy Treasury Solicitor, and in 1971 secured promotion to be HM Procurator General and Treasury Solicitor, serving until 1975.


title: Game Day (Awake)

text: In the "green and red realities", Captain Tricia Harper (Laura Innes) has her men mobilize for an upcoming "Pacific Coast Bowl" game between the Seattle Jets and Los Angeles Bulldogs. In the "green reality" (where Rex (Dylan Minnette) is alive, and Hannah (Laura Allen) is not), at the football stadium, one Seattle fan, Rob Jones (Kyle Sabihy), loses his temper and tries to pick a fight. Meanwhile, in the "red reality" (where Hannah is alive, and Rex is not from alive), John Koh (François Chao), is busy placing a $100,000 bet over the phone for Seattle to win over Los Angeles. As he favors his broken arm, his bookie warns him that if he does not pay then he will have his men break John's other arm. Soon after, Michael Britten (Jason Isaacs) sees Los Angeles win the game in the "green reality", while in the "red reality", Michael sees Seattle win the game. Later, Rob turns up dead in the parking lot, his skull bashed in. When the body is discovered, the police are called in and Michael and Bird (Steve Harris) talk to Rob's brother, Kenneth (Chris Marquette).


title: Digital repatriation

text: Intangible Cultural Heritage includes recordings of songs, ceremonies, and stories. Cultural, esoteric, and traditional ecological knowledge are all forms of intangible cultural heritage, as well as genetic information. Oftentimes, intangible heritage contains culturally sensitive information that Indigenous communities want to personally manage. The digitization of intangible cultural heritage helps preserve the ways of life and traditions of diverse cultures around the world. Digitally repatriating traditional and esoteric knowledge returns this information to Indigenous communities, who can work with cultural heritage institutions to more accurately preserve materials and information. However, some Indigenous communities have concerns regarding the digitization and repatriation of this type of cultural heritage. Many communities believe that non-Native organizations are not respecting their rights and views of how this information is being handled, as having culturally sensitive materials publicly available online opens it up to intellectual misappropriation.


title: Digital repatriation

text: Institutions creating digital surrogates for digital repatriation may retain copies for institutional use, plus digital items can exist in multiple locations. Originating cultures may object to replicating or displaying sacred objects, objections which may extend to digital representations of the objects. This has led to problems surrounding who controls access to these digital materials, as many institutions retain the rights to these items. Some institutions have chosen to resolve this ethical challenge by requesting intellectual property rights clearance from the communities in question before publishing digital materials, and offering control over access permissions and representation of digital materials to members of the originating cultures. While digital repatriation projects can return control to Indigenous communities, this does not always happen. Indigenous peoples' control over their own cultural information is limited when non-Native institutions retain control, which can lead to Indigenous people not having a say in how their culture's knowledge and materials are used for research purposes.


title: Digital repatriation

text: There is an effort to gain authority over Karuk cultural heritage both inside and outside of their community. The Sípnuuk staff work with families within their community to make recommendations about how to care for materials and also to get descriptive metadata directly from families donating knowledge or items to the archive. Because the Karuk people have complete control and authority over their digital archive, they can decide what metadata to use and how they want the public to access or use their materials. Having controlled vocabulary specific to their culture lets them include the names of items and places in both Karuk and English. To manage who has access to culturally sensitive materials located in Sípnuuk, a review committee appointed by the Karuk Tribal Council handles the requests of sensitive materials. The person or family requesting access to the material must sign a legal document once they are approved, outlining what they can and cannot do with access to the item or information.


title: Federal Correctional Institution, Terre Haute

text: FCI Terre Haute has a controversial high-security wing known as the Communication Management Unit (CMU) for inmates who were determined to pose a serious threat if their communications were not severely restricted. The CMU at FCI Terre Haute is a 55-cell unit located in the former death row and was opened in December 2006. Prisoners there are under open and covert audio and video surveillance, and all of their phone calls are monitored except for talks with their attorneys. Prisoners are prohibited from touching family members during tightly controlled visits. All telephone calls and mail are monitored, and inmates are required to conduct all conversations in English unless special permission is arranged for conversations in other languages. Without such strong security, the government claims, inmates would be able to conspire with outsiders to commit terrorist or criminal acts. The Federal Bureau of Prisons created the CMU in response to criticism that it had not been adequately monitoring the communications of prisoners. According to the Bureau of Prisons, "By concentrating resources in this fashion, it will greatly enhance the agency's capabilities for language translation, content analysis and intelligence sharing," according to the Bureau's summary of the CMU.


title: John Sterling Kingsley

text: In 1878, Kingsley moved to Providence, Rhode Island, to work as an assistant on the newly formed United States Entomological Commission. The following year he attended the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Science, where he studied general morphology. During this time he supported himself by drawing scientific illustrations and writing articles for various scientific journals. Kingsley then attended Princeton University, receiving his Doctorate of Science in 1885. In 1887 he was named Professor of Zoology at the University of Indiana and two years later accepted the chair of Biology at the University of Nebraska. He resigned in 1891 to take a year off to study in Europe, primarily at the University of Freiburg under Dr. Robert Wiedersheim. Upon his return in 1892, Kingsley was offered the chair of Biology at Tufts College where he would write nearly all the biological articles for Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia. From 1913 to 1921, Kingsley served as a professor of zoology at the University of Illinois. In 1898, he founded MDI Biological Laboratory


title: Pradeshika Varthakal

text: The movie opens with Kallan Krishnan and Kallan Kochappy, two thieves being driven out of the village. Keshavunni, a villager opens a new film theatre in his village. After keeping Jabbar as his operator, Keshavunni begins work. The first film is attended by almost the entire village, including Keshavunni's father Kunjambu Nair, Fr. Antony Paramel, and Velichappadu. After a mix-up in films, they face criticism from the entire crowd. Keshavunni continues his business accompanied by his friend Thankachen, a bar owner. Keshavunni falls in love with Malika, a girl in his village, and convinces her to watch a film with him. They get discovered by the people in the village and this causes a huge ruckus. On the day of the marriage, Kallan Krishnan and Kallan Kochappi come back to the village after becoming rich. Krishnan doesn't agree to let his daughter Mallika marry Keshavanunni. Both Kallans move to a big house with their families. Mallika is very unhappy because of her canceled marriage. Thankachan's toddy shop gets shut down by anti-alcohol activists. Eventually, both Kallans fight over her marriage and split up, ending their friendship and moving to two different homes. Both of them stand for elections and spend money to win. The villagers start fighting with each other about the elections. Mallika finds that both Kallans planned all this deliberately to make the villagers fight and kill each other in communal riots. She informs Keshu and his friends. On the day of the election results, both Velichappadu and Father announce that the Devi statue from the temple and the golden cross from the church are stolen. Both the Kallans are chased out of the village for stealing. Keshu and Mallika get married and life returns to normal for the villagers.


title: Kenyan cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2001–02

text: The only warm-up match for the Kenyans was a two-day match against Board of Control for Cricket in Sri Lanka Academy XI, a development side. Kenya won the toss and sent their opponents into bat. Opening batsman Jehan Mubarak led the way posting 100 before retiring out. Mubarak combined with skipper Anushka Polonowita (52) to score a 126-run third-wicket partnership. The first day ended with Academy on 276/7. The following day, the hosts declared their innings closed on 281/9 with the Kenya's Thomas Odoyo taking 4/54. In reply, Kenya's openers of Kennedy Otieno and Ravindu Shah put together a century partnership before collapsing to be all out for 234 from 65.3 overs. Former Sri Lanka under-19 leg spinner Kaushal Lokuarachchi starred with the ball taking 9/50 from his 24.3 consecutive overs. He was deprived of the final wicket by his spin partner Amila Perera who ran out Martin Suji from short midwicket. Kenya's coach Sandeep Patil stated that it was good practice match on a very good pitch. He noted that his team is predominantly a one-day side and need to learn how to build long innings.


title: Designer baby

text: Although the information available about this experiment is relatively limited, it is deemed that the scientist erred against many ethical, social and moral rules but also China's guidelines and regulations, which prohibited germ-line genetic modifications in human embryos, while conducting this trial. From a technological point of view, the CRISPR/Cas9 technique is one of the most precise and least expensive methods of gene modification to this day, whereas there are still a number of limitations that keep the technique from being labelled as safe and efficient. During the First International Summit on Human Gene Editing in 2015 the participants agreed that a halt must be set on germline genetic alterations in clinical settings unless and until: "(1) the relevant safety and efficacy issues have been resolved, based on appropriate understanding and balancing of risks, potential benefits, and alternatives, and (2) there is broad societal consensus about the appropriateness of the proposed application". However, during the second International Summit in 2018 the topic was once again brought up by stating: "Progress over the last three years and the discussions at the current summit, however, suggest that it is time to define a rigorous, responsible translational pathway toward such trials". Inciting that the ethical and legal aspects should indeed be revisited G. Daley, representative of the summit's management and Dean of Harvard Medical School depicted Dr. He's experiment as "a wrong turn on the right path".


title: Designer baby

text: When considering support for research into germline engineering, ethicists have often suggested that it can be considered unethical not to consider a technology that could improve the lives of children who would be born with congenital disorders. Geneticist George Church claims that he does not expect germline engineering to increase societal disadvantage, and recommends lowering costs and improving education surrounding the topic to dispel these views. He emphasizes that allowing germline engineering in children who would otherwise be born with congenital defects could save around 5% of babies from living with potentially avoidable diseases. Jackie Leach Scully, professor of social and bioethics at Newcastle University, acknowledges that the prospect of designer babies could leave those living with diseases and unable to afford the technology feeling marginalized and without medical support. However, Professor Leach Scully also suggests that germline editing provides the option for parents "to try and secure what they think is the best start in life" and does not believe it should be ruled out. Similarly, Nick Bostrom, an Oxford philosopher known for his work on the risks of artificial intelligence, proposed that "super-enhanced" individuals could "change the world through their creativity and discoveries, and through innovations that everyone else would use".


title: Designer baby

text: Many bioethicists emphasize that germline engineering is usually considered in the best interest of a child, therefore associated should be supported. Dr James Hughes, a bioethicist at Trinity College, Connecticut, suggests that the decision may not differ greatly from others made by parents which are well accepted – choosing with whom to have a child and using contraception to denote when a child is conceived. Julian Savulescu, a bioethicist and philosopher at Oxford University believes parents "should allow selection for non‐disease genes even if this maintains or increases social inequality", coining the term procreative beneficence to describe the idea that the children "expected to have the best life" should be selected. The Nuffield Council on Bioethics said in 2017 that there was "no reason to rule out" changing the DNA of a human embryo if performed in the child's interest, but stressed that this was only provided that it did not contribute to societal inequality. Furthermore, Nuffield Council in 2018 detailed applications, which would preserve equality and benefit humanity, such as elimination of hereditary disorders and adjusting to warmer climate. Philosopher and Director of Bioethics at non-profit Invincible Wellbeing David Pearce argues that "the question comes down to an analysis of risk-reward ratios - and our basic ethical values, themselves shaped by our evolutionary past." According to Pearce,"it's worth recalling that each act of old-fashioned sexual reproduction is itself an untested genetic experiment", often compromising a child's wellbeing and pro-social capacities even if the child grows in a healthy environment. Pearce thinks that as technology matures, more people may find it unacceptable to rely on "genetic roulette of natural selection".


title: Designer baby

text: Social and religious worries also arise over the possibility of editing human embryos. In a survey conducted by the Pew Research Centre, it was found that only a third of the Americans surveyed who identified as strongly Christian approved of germline editing. Catholic leaders are in the middle ground. This stance is because, according to Catholicism, a baby is a gift from God, and Catholics believe that people are created to be perfect in God's eyes. Thus, altering the genetic makeup of an infant is unnatural. In 1984, Pope John Paul II addressed that genetic manipulation in aiming to heal diseases is acceptable in the Church. He stated that it "will be considered in principle as desirable provided that it tends to the real promotion of the personal well-being of man, without harming his integrity or worsening his life conditions". However, it is unacceptable if designer babies are used to create a super/superior race including cloning humans. The Catholic Church rejects human cloning even if its purpose is to produce organs for therapeutic usage. The Vatican has stated that "The fundamental values connected with the techniques of artificial human procreation are two: the life of the human being called into existence and the special nature of the transmission of human life in marriage". According to them, it violates the dignity of the individual and is morally illicit.


title: Kenny Rogers and the First Edition

text: It was their follow-up (sung by Rogers), the psychedelic single "Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)", that first got notice. The single, with an arrangement by their producer, Mike Post, had Glen Campbell playing the backward guitar intro and Mike Deasy providing various psychedelic sounds. It became a hit early in 1968, climbing to No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100. Terry Williams played the solo that later led Jimi Hendrix to tell Rogers that it was his favorite record. The group's next three single releases failed commercially, as did their second album. The 1968 release "But You Know I Love You" (composed by Settle) possessed a distinctive brass-tinged country-folk sound, broadening their fan base. In the group's rendition on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour that aired on 8 December 1968, the audience was unwittingly fooled into applauding too soon, right after the false ending but well before the real ending. The record peaked at No. 19 on the Hot 100 just under a year after "Just Dropped In" was at its Billboard summit.


title: Kenny Rogers and the First Edition

text: By the end of the decade Rogers had long brown hair, an earring, and pink sunglasses. Known affectionately in retrospect as "Hippie Kenny". Rogers had a notably smoother vocal style at the time. During mid-1969 the band scored another Top Ten hit with Mel Tillis' "Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town". Mickey's drumming was part of the hook. At Rogers' shows the song was often clapped along to, or joked around with, but it was meant seriously at the time. Telling the graphic story of a crippled veteran was admirably daring at the height of America's involvement with the war in Vietnam. The song lyrics were originally meant to address the Korean War, albeit in such a vague way that it could have referred to Korea, Vietnam, or even the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The song was picked up by some disc jockeys, and there was suddenly great demand to release the final track recorded for, and included on, the First Edition '69 album. In order to release "Ruby" at the same time as the "But You Know I Love You" soundalike "Once Again She's All Alone", the group renamed themselves "Kenny Rogers and the First Edition". When "Ruby" became the hit, the name stuck. Terry later said that this made him feel like one of Gladys Knight's Pips. This, their third major hit single, like the previous two featured Kenny Rogers on lead, along with the band name change, these factors cemented Kenny's fate as a global household name.


title: Kenny Rogers and the First Edition

text: At the end of 1970, the First Edition had their seventh Top 40 hit with the Vassy-penned "Heed the Call". Another song about the need for brotherhood, it was seen as an uptempo counterpart to the balladry of "Tell It All Brother." The next single, "Someone Who Cares", was taken from the Fools movie soundtrack. Though scoring high on the easy listening charts, "Someone Who Cares" failed to reach the pop top fifty. This ushered in a period during which the First Edition attempted to retool its image. Keyboard player John Hobbs was briefly in the lineup, but, though he played on future recordings, was not in the group long enough to appear on any album covers or publicity photos. His brief tenure was captured in the PBS television special Tell It All. The special provided an unusually in-depth look at the group, all of whom were at ease speaking in front of the camera. In mid-1971 the First Edition released a gospel single called "Take My Hand", which barely scraped into the bottom of the charts.


title: Kenny Rogers and the First Edition

text: After the success of a pilot shot in late 1970, the fall of 1971 saw Kenny Rogers and the First Edition become hosts of their own television series Rollin' on the River. Later to be shortened to Rollin, this was a variety show that was taped in Canada (taking advantage of recently imposed Canadian content requirements) which geared itself toward rock, blues, and folk performers and groups. Unlike the more Las Vegas-styled The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, Rollin was focused on harder-edged guests like Ike and Tina Turner, veterans like Bo Diddley, veteran Canadian based artists such as Ronnie Hawkins, and up and coming performers such as Jim Croce. The show also gave the First Edition a chance to do the comedy Kenny and Terry had long made a part of their act. Though it got good ratings, Rollin did have one ill side effect: the First Edition were now seen as television personalities instead of recording stars. Terry Williams' signature song, "What Am I Gonna Do", was to become the group's next single in late 1971. It was the first First Edition 45 not to chart since 1968.


title: Kenny Rogers and the First Edition

text: Recorded over six months in 1971, and released in March 1972, The Ballad of Calico was written by future star Michael Martin Murphey and the First Edition's musical director and arranger Larry Cansler. Cansler replaced Hobbs on stage during this period, but despite his large creative role here, and on Rollin' on the River, he was not promoted on either as a member of the group. The album was a country rock opera about a late 19th-century mining town, but unlike most like-minded projects of the era, all of the songs were based on fact. The sleeve and booklet of this two-LP set had genuine and period-styled photos depicting the era, with all of the lyrics presented in hand-written script. The music was critically well received, with all of the group (outside of Mickey) taking at least one lead. The song chosen for a single was "School Teacher," an acoustic rhythm and blues song with a lead by Kin. "The Ballad Of Calico" has since picked up a large cult following, but back in 1972 it was all but ignored. According to Mickey Jones' book That Would Be Me, Vassy was fired several months after the "Calico's" release following a drunken backstage confrontation with Terry Williams.


title: Kenny Rogers and the First Edition

text: As their domestic popularity continued to decline, Terry wanted to focus on the hard rockers that had done so well for them overseas. Kenny disagreed, wanting a more conservative agenda. Kenny admitted in his book Making It with Music, that he perhaps should not have complained about MGM's poor distribution on a radio show. Despite their mounting problems, New Zealand continued to consider the First Edition as superstars. Their next album was titled I'm Not Making My Music for Money especially for their New Zealand fans. An LP of this title was to have come out in the US but MGM rejected it. The US LP was basically going to be the same but with two new cuts replacing the two songs reused from "Monumental." Despite the retreads, the album did show continued development. A mix of new songs and remakes (possibly done because some songs were not available in New Zealand), "Love Woman" was now a hard rock jam featuring Jimmy on lead. This arrangement was borrowed from the band's stage performances of Bill Haley's "Rockin' Through the Rye". The ballads "Dirty Work" and "Daddy Was a Traveling Man" were a return to the more adult style of Terry's early work. "Making Music for Money" (another song remade for "The Gambler") is a song about art vs. commerce that Jimmy Buffett later covered. It charted well, but again only in New Zealand.


title: Kenny Rogers and the First Edition

text: Wanting to give a solo career a shot, Terry left in the late spring of 1975. Kenny was upset but agreed to it, succeeding in getting Kin to come back so they could fill their pending engagements. Though he was hired to stay permanently, the reunion with Vassy did not go well and he ended up playing only one night. Mickey was the first to decide to leave in order to pursue his other dream, which was acting. Kenny began recording as a solo act that fall. The First Edition played their last scheduled shows in the fall of 1975 at Harrah's in Reno. Without Mickey, there were a few First Edition gigs in early 1976, done as a favor to Kenny who had not yet formed his solo band. Kenny later said that writing the song "Sweet Music Man" made him cut his hair and let it go gray, plus get rid of the earring. Mary Arnold often sang "Sweet Music Man" on the First Edition's post Terry Williams gigs and Kenny also tried the lead out a few times. This was to become one of Rogers' most covered compositions, and he himself had a No. 9 country hit with it in the fall of 1977.


title: Éloi Machoro

text: The Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS) was formed in September 1984 as a replacement for the Independence Front, boycotting the elections in November. On 1 December Jean-Marie Tjibaou declared the formation of a provisional government of Kanak Socialist Republic, with Machoro as Minister of Security. As a result, he became the leader of the independents' armed forces. He disarmed the gendarmes of Thio, and gained control over the village without violence. On 11 January 1985 Yves Tual, the son of a European stockbreeder, was killed by independentist militants at La Foa. These events triggered a series of nighttime rebellions. On 12 January, the gendarmes started an operation to free the house of a European in Canala that the FLNKS had occupied under the leadership of Machoro. The FLNKS occupants eventually fled to a farmhouse, where the gendarmes caught them. Machoro and Marcel Nonaro were killed during the ensuing action. The gendarmes left Machoro in pain for hours to die without giving him help.


title: Another Code: Two Memories

text: As they explore Edward Mansion, Ashley and D begin to learn the history behind the Edward family, who are rumored to have all died one after the other, resulting in the island's name. At the same time, they begin to unravel the mystery surrounding Ashley's father, Richard, and their invitation to the island. Ashley eventually discovers that her mother, Sayoko, was murdered on the night of her third birthday, her recurring nightmare being a vague memory of that night. She also learns about "Another", a device with the ability to replace someone's real memories with false ones, which was created by Ashley's parents while they worked as memory researchers at MJ Labs. Its purpose was to help those who have PTSD and other forms of psychological trauma, by replacing their traumatic memories. Richard has the memory of being Sayoko's murderer and suspects his memory was replaced. During his time alone on Blood Edward he had developed "Another II", which allowed someone's true memories to be verified and returned, and locked it to the DAS, allowing only Ashley to activate it. After she activates "Another II", Ashley is relieved to find out that her father's true memory of the night of her mother's murder was, indeed, altered to make him remember shooting her mother. She returns his real memory of that night.


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: The 1st Texas Infantry Regiment was assembled at Richmond, Virginia, in August, 1861, with ten companies from Marion, Cass, Polk, Houston, Harrison, Tyler, Anderson, Cherokee, Sabine, San Augustine, Newton, and Nacogdoches counties. Later two companies from Galveston and Trinity County were added to the command. Part of Hood's Texas Brigade, it served under Generals Hood, J.B. Robertson, and John Gregg. The regiment fought with the Army of Northern Virginia from Seven Pines to Cold Harbor except when it was detached with Longstreet at Suffolk, Chickamauga, and Knoxville. It was involved in the Petersburg siege north and south of the James River and later the Appomattox Campaign. This unit had 477 effectives in April, 1862 and lost 186 of the 226 engaged at Sharpsburg, a casualty rate of 82.3% percent. This staggering casualty rate was the highest suffered by any regiment, North or South, on a single day, during the entire war. In incurring these losses during ferocious fighting in Miller's cornfield the regiment lost a battle flag which was picked up by federal troops when they re-occupied the cornfield (the First Texas having previously withdrawn without noticing the loss of their flag).


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: By July 8, 1861, enough companies from Texas reached Richmond to form the 1st Texas Infantry Battalion. Because of the Battalion's unauthorized presence at Richmond, the Confederate government allowed the battalion to stay in the region with the condition that the government would pick their regimental officers. The government chose Louis T. Wigfall as lieutenant colonel and Hugh McLeod as major. The battalion was stationed in Richmond until the First Battle of Bull Run, as the Battalion was rushed to the front on a double-header train to reinforce Beauregard's forces along Bull Run (Occoquan River tributary). While en route to the front, the train dashed into a washed-out culvert during a thunderstorm and causing a wreck that killed and wounded 40 men of the battalion. Due to the train wreck, the battalion failed to reach the battle in time. However, the men were able to walk the battlefield and see the aftermath of the fight the day after the battle. The battalion proceeded with General Joseph E. Johnston in his pursuit of the Union Army from Manassas until being positioned on the Confederate right flank at Dumfries, Virginia.


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: The regiment continued to hold its position along the Dumfries Line for the rest of 1861. On October 22, 1861, the Texas Brigade was created when the 4th Texas Infantry Regiment under John Bell Hood and 5th Texas Infantry Regiment under James J. Archer arrived in Richmond and were brigaded with the 1st Texas Infantry at Dumfries, Virginia. Colonel Wigfall was promoted to brigade command as brigadier general while Lieutenant Colonel McLeod and Major Rainey were both promoted to colonel and lieutenant colonel respectively. Captain Harvey H. Black of Company A was promoted to the position of major. In November 1861, Brigadier General Wigfall was elected as senator of Texas and vacated his position, James J. Archer of 5th Texas assumed temporary command of the brigade. Later that month, the 18th Georgia Infantry Regiment under Colonel William T. Wofford were also added to the brigade. For the rest of the winter of 1861–1862, the 1st Texas Infantry with the rest of the Texas Brigade defended the Dumfries line until Major General George B. McClellan's invasion of the Virginia Peninsula in March 1862.


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: In January 1862, Colonel Hugh McLeod died of pneumonia; Lieutenant Colonel Rainey and Major Black were both promoted to colonel and lieutenant colonel respectively. On March 2, 1862, the regiment moved south with the Army of Northern Virginia to confront McClellan's flank movement at Yorktown, Virginia. The regiment arrived at the Siege of Yorktown on April 19, where they contributed sharpshooters to harass Yankee scouts and sharpshooters. The Federals quickly learned how effective the Pattern 1853 Enfield were in the hands of the Texans and Georgians of the Texas Brigade. By May 3, 1862, the Confederate forces pulled back from Yorktown and retreat towards Richmond, the Texas Brigade was detailed as the rearguard of William H.C. Whiting's Division. During their retreat up the peninsula, the 1st Texas along with its brigade was sent to confront an amphibious landing made by Brigadier General William B. Franklin's Division at the Battle of Eltham's Landing on May 7, 1862. John Bell Hood, the new commander of the Texas Brigade, drove the Yankees back to their boats during the brigade's first battle of the war and held the position until their baggage trains could pass safely. During the fight, Lieutenant Colonel Black was killed in action.


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: After subsequent action during the Seven Days, in which the regiment was heavily engaged at Gaines Mill, the Texas Brigade accompanied the Army Of Northern Virginia during the 2nd Bull Run campaign and into Maryland. The brigade saw limited action during the battle of South Mountain but saw heavy action in the subsequent engagement at Sharpsburg. The morning of September 17, 1862, saw the brigade resting in fields north of Sharpsburg. The men had been marching for several days, and had not eaten for several long days. Hence, the Texans were awakened in the early hours of the 17th with empty stomachs by artillery fire and the clash of musketry, being forced to leave behind the first hot breakfast they had eaten in days they rushed to the sounds of the heaviest fighting. After arriving at the Dunker Church, the brigade was rushed forward to the Cornfield owned by a local farmer by the name of D.R. Miller. The brigade commenced a desperate counterattack to retake the Cornfield. The Texans clashed with the famed Iron Brigade who, having been heavily engaged earlier in the day, were exhausted and not an effective fighting force. The Iron Brigade quickly broke under the pressure of Hood's fresh, large division and fled. Wofford quickly pushed his Texans into the void created by his regiments' raking fire. However, the attack stalled, and the brigade halted and reform. With the order given, the 1st Texas started their advance deeper into the Cornfield. Almost immediately the Texans came under a galling fire from Union artillery, but the Texans kept up their march. The Yankees quickly broke under the Texans' onslaught and fled to the rear. The Texans, ecstatic over their apparent victory pushed on.


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: The 1st Texas unknowingly advanced to the Cornfields northern fence, only 30 yards away. But before they realized this mistake, a line of blue coated soldiers seemingly appeared out of the ground and delivered a volley into the Texans. Federal soldiers had been waiting for this moment now for some time because the retreating Union soldiers had warned that the enemy was coming right for them. The fire rolled in on the Texans from their right as the 12th Pennsylvania Reserves fired, followed by a volley from the 11th Reserves on the 12th's right. The Texans were still reeling from this shock when another volley swept through the 1st Texas from the far left as the 9th Pennsylvania Reserves fired their volley at the left oblique. The Texans had walked into a firestorm. At first the brave Texans tried to hold their ground under this solid wall of fire, but not even the hardened veterans of the 1st Texas could withstand such a deadly volley. The Texans fell back with the rest of the brigade and did not see any more major action during the battle.


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: Robertson and his Texas Brigade arrived at their position on Seminary Ridge, along with the rest of the Confederate forces, and quickly organized his regiments left to right with the 3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment on the left, then the 1st Texas, 4th Texas, and 5th Texas. Soon after arrival on Seminary Ridge, both Union and Confederate artillery opened fire. According to General R. H. Anderson, the ridge that the enemy forces sat on was about twelve hundred yards away from the ridge that the Confederate forces positioned on. Anderson also mentioned that the area between the two ridges was "slightly undulating, enclosed by rail and plank fences and under cultivation." For nearly an hour the Confederate troops stood in formation as the Union artillery collided with their lines. The troops of the 1st Texas infantry jumped as the cannon fire hit around them, as did the rest of the Confederate forces, but stood strong in their formation. The order to charge and take the heights was finally issued. As soon as he received the order, Lieutenant Colonel Phillip Work ran to the front of his regiment, pointed to his regiments flag and yelled "Follow the Lone Star Flag to the top of the mountain!".


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: Robertson and his Texas Brigade faced many problems almost as soon as they moved off their original position on Seminary Ridge. The Federal batteries in The Peach Orchard area and above Devil's Den increased their fire. Robertson ordered the men to throw down a rail fence that obstructed their path. As soon as this obstruction was out of the way the men moved across Emmitsburg Road and continued forward. Robertson now faced a problem caused by Evander M. Law's Brigade. Robertson had orders to keep his left on Emmitsburg Road and his right on Law's left but Law's Brigade bore too sharply to the right and a large gap formed in the middle of Robertson's forces. The 3rd Arkansas and 1st Texas stubbornly stuck to the Emmitsburg Road while the 4th and 5th Texas regiments stuck with Law's forces. The 3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment and 1st Texas now advanced to the west branch of Plum Run (Rock Creek) near the Timber's House and the Rose Woods. At this point the gap in Robertson's forces was over one hundred yards. Robertson tried to move his regiments back together but they were already engaged and so it became impossible. Robertson quickly made the decision to stick with the left wing and sent a message to Evander M. Law telling him to watch out for the 4th and 5th Texas.


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: The 1st Texas Infantry now moved up toward the triangular field and as soon as they were in the open started receiving artillery fire from Smith's battery on Houck's Ridge. The Texans continued moving until they reached a stone wall at the base of the triangular field. The 1st Texas found some safety behind this stone wall because the guns of Smith's battery could not depress far enough to fire on them. The troops formed two lines behind the wall with the front line kneeling behind the wall and the back line standing behind them. The Texans quickly opened fire on Smith's gunners and silenced the guns on the ridge. The men now jumped over the stone wall and rushed forward towards the guns but confusion soon followed. Part way up the hill the regiment heard orders to retreat and so they began to fall back but then received more orders that countermanded the first. Private James Bradfield recalled "No one seemed to know whence it came, nor from whom". This first rush at the enemy made it within fifty yards of Smith's battery but was quickly repelled by the 124th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment and Ward's Brigade. Next the Texans regrouped and pushed slowly forward a few feet at a time but they were once again repelled by the artillery atop the ridge and the 124th New York. The 124th now charged into the line of the 1st Texas and drove them back down the rocky slope. The 1st Texas infantry fell back to the southwest wall of the triangular field and held their ground here. As the New Yorkers charged through the open terrain and got within one hundred feet of the wall, the Texans opened fire and "dropped nearly one-quarter of them in their tracks". The 124th of New York now surged forward once again but they had gone as far as they could go because Brigadier General Henry Benning's Brigade had arrived to support the tired Texans.


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: Benning began striding back and forth yelling "give them hell boys!". Benning's left regiment, the 15th Georgia, now pressed up into the 1st Texas line to relieve them. The Texans refused to back down and so the two regiments mixed together, much to the displeasure of Colonel Work. Work didn't want the Georgians disrupting his line and thought that it would be better if Benning had flanked the enemy from the side instead. The two regiments could not be separated in the middle of the battle and so they fought as one single unit for the remainder of the evening. This support from Benning caused the 124th New York to fall back to their original position and the Confederate soldiers pushed forward into the rocks on Devil's Den. The battery atop Devil's Den continued firing for as long as they could but were soon overrun by the pressing Confederate forces. The two comingled regiments of the 1st Texas and the 15th Georgia were soon joined by the 20th Georgia and 44th Alabama and together they took on the combination of the remainder of the 124th New York, the 4th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and the 99th Pennsylvania Infantry regiments. After a short, close range melee the Confederates pushed off the Union and the capture of Devil's Den was official. The 1st Texas had managed to hold their ground long enough for reinforcements to arrive and it paid off for them greatly. The Confederates had captured the four guns of Smith's battery and took between one hundred forty and two hundred prisoners from their victory but the day wasn't over yet for the 1st Texas Infantry.


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: Over to the left, the 3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment had not made any progress and so General Robertson ordered Colonel Work to leave two companies of his men on Houck's Ridge and to move the rest of his regiment to help support the 3rd Arkansas. The 1st Texas moved to support the 3rd Arkansas and when they arrived they were met with even more support from the 11th Georgia Infantry and 59th Georgia. Together these forces moved toward the enemy line in this area but the Federal troops in this area were too strong to move and every attack failed. The Confederates kept up the attack and eventually the growing pressure on the Federal line became so great that Ward's brigade and the 17th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment had to fall back. The 1st Texas regiment continued to move across the ridge north of Devil's Den, capturing Union soldiers along the way and eventually got to a position that they could fire at Winslow's battery on Little Round Top. Brooke's Union brigade now advanced through the Wheatfield but Colonel Work and the 1st Texas Regiment were ready and waiting. The 1st Texas and the 15th Georgia were sitting atop Houck's Ridge and as Brooke approached, Colonel Work ordered his regiment to put an enfilading fire into Brooke's men. As the enemy forces grew, the 1st Texas was forced to fall back towards the field. Colonel Work quickly became concerned about his ability to withdraw his troops and so he ordered the color bearer and some of his men to maintain their position while the rest of the regiment moved to the rear. Unfortunately this plan didn't work because the men refused to leave their flag behind and so the men stayed and continued to fight the Federal reinforcements by raking Brooke's left. The 1st Texas continued their fight until the evening then nightfall brought the end to the day's battles.


title: 1st Texas Infantry Regiment

text: Around 3:00 P.M., Colonel Work received an order to move his 1st Texas regiment south to help defend against an anticipated cavalry charge. As the 1st Texas approached the Bushman house they were ordered to knock down part of the wooden fence that obstructed their path. The men proceeded another two hundred yards to take position behind a short stone wall near the edge of the Bushman Woods. Due to many losses from the day before, the 1st Texas didn't have enough men to properly cover the wall and so they deployed in a single thin line along the length of the stone wall. Work sent several units out to his left and right in order to protect against any flanking attacks. On the left flank, the men of the 1st Texas tore down a staked fence and rebuilt it beside the stone wall. Reilly's battery also took position about two hundred fifty yards behind the Texans. The men had just barely completed constructing their breastworks when the 1st West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment appeared. Private W. T. White of the 1st Texas noted that "they formed line of battle in plain view of us and charged. We held our fire until they were within fifty or sixty yards of us, when, taking deliberate aim, we fired on them, bringing down many men and horses." The cavalry then retreated to their original position to regroup and then charged once again but were repelled just like the first time. The cavalry continued to charge and at this point the Texans had fired off their guns and so they used the butts of their guns as the cavalry got close. Private James Henderick also stated that many of the cavalry came up within a few feet of the 1st Texas regiment and so the men knocked them off their horses with rocks and whatever else they could find. The 1st Texas continued to kill many of the charging cavalrymen captured over one hundred prisoners. The men of the 1st Texas only got a short reprieve before the 18th Pennsylvania Cavalry arrived and charged their position. The Texans once again repelled the enemy and as Private White stated, "having repulsed the second charge, we felt that we could almost whip all the cavalry the enemy had." The Union cavalry continued to make demonstrations against the 1st Texas for another two hours but Texan line held strong. As the evening rolled around, Robertson's Brigade received orders to move around the right flank to their original jump off position on Seminary Ridge.


title: Wright v. Rockefeller

text: Appellants, a group of citizens and registered voters in the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Congressional Districts in Manhattan brought suit against New York state officials, including then Governor Nelson Rockefeller, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York challenging the constitutionality of the portion of New York's 1961 congressional apportionment statute which defined the four districts. The District Court permitted Congressman Adam Clayton Powell, who represented the Eighteenth District, along with several other New York County officials, to intervene as defendants supporting the constitutionality of the statute. The appellants claimed that apportionment statute deprived them of rights guaranteed by the Due Process and Equal protection portions of the Fourteenth Amendment and by the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibit the government from denying or abridging the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Specifically, they claimed that the statute "establish irrational, discriminatory and unequal Congressional Districts in the County of New York and segregat eligible voters by race and place of origin."


title: Wright v. Rockefeller

text: The Court began with a recitation of the relevant factual and procedural background, and then turned to first question presented in the statement, whether "appellants sustained their burden of providing that the portion of which delineates the boundaries of the Congressional districts in Manhattan Island segregates eligible voters by race and place of origin in violation ." The Court accepted the findings of the majority of the District Court that the appellants failed to prove that the New York Legislature was either motivated by racial considerations or in fact drew the districts on racial lines. The Court accepted that there may have been evidence which could have supported an inference that the legislature was moved by racial considerations, but found that there was also evidence supporting the contrary inference that was "equally, or more, persuasive." The Court accepted the finding that appellants failed to demonstrate that the statute was "the product of a state contrivance to segregate on the basis of race or place of origin," and therefore upheld the District Court's decision.


title: Ariocarpus fissuratus

text: This cactus, flattened to spherical bodies 1.5 to 10 cm high and up to 10 (rarely up to 15) cm in diameter, consists of many small tubercles growing from a large succulent tap root. They are usually solitary, almost always remain unbranched, rarely giving rise to side shoots from old areoles. The plant is greyish-green in color, but the flat forms in particular turn yellowish to brownish tint with age. Its growth rate is extremely slow. The spirally distributed warts are flattened, triangular to rhombic and sometimes overlap. The horny, hardened upper surface of each wart is almost completely split and furrowed transversely by a pronounced furrow that connects the areole and axilla. Due to the wool emerging from the furrows, which is initially straw-blond, then darkens and finally grays, the tops of the plants are well protected and usually hidden from view. Sooner (in nature) or later (in culture) the wool is shed, so that the furrows of older warts are almost bare. Thorns are not formed. A. fissuratus is naturally camouflaged in its habitat, making it difficult to spot. When they are found, it is usually due to their pinkish flowers which bloom in October and early November. The flowers develop individually from the youngest areole furrows, so they are almost centrally located. They are light purple to pinkish red with a darker throat and reach a diameter of about 2.5 to 4.5 cm. The pollen is orange-colored, the five to ten-rayed and tiny pinnate stigmas above the stamens are almost white. After fertilization, spindle- to club-shaped, greenish to white fruits 5 to 15 mm long and 2 to 6 mm in diameter are formed. These dry out when ripe and release the dull black seeds into the crown wool, from which they are only washed out (in nature) after a long time.


title: My Back Was a Bridge for You to Cross

text: NME's Patrick Clarke wrote that Anohni "eschews experimental sonics for warm vintage soul, but the results are no less vital" on the album, which he felt is "the most accessible thing she's ever made". Ed Lawson of DIY felt that "it's the sonically softer side that hits harder" and "it's an easy listen for an artist who's often embraced the abrasive", writing that the listener should "expect to cry – then get fired up". Hannah Jocelyn of Pitchfork described the album as "a soulful and intense record that provides a safe place to grieve nothing less than the destruction of the planet", and of the record's sound, noted "These songs sound organic, often like they were recorded live in the studio with barely any reverb, vocal processing, or production flourishes. Anohni's voice—and its origin story—is powerful enough to carry them alone." Michael Cragg of The Observer noted that "Anohni continues to soundtrack oppression, loss and alienation with heart-aching precision" and that the arrangements "add a soulful swagger to often brutally direct lyrics".


title: My Back Was a Bridge for You to Cross

text: Spencer Kornhaber of The Atlantic states that the album "explicitly aligns her with the American protest-music tradition." Describing Anohni as "One of the most uncompromising artists of the 21st century", Kornhaber goes on to note that "Although lovely, these new songs still have a gruesome honesty." Charles Lyons-Burt of Slant Magazine found that the album includes "some of Anohni's most laidback and unfussy arrangements to date" and "marked by minimalist, sometimes gloomy guitar strumming" but called it a "pity, then, that so much of the music on My Back Was a Bridge for You to Cross undeserves her anguished storytelling". Jenn Pelly of The New York Times stated "The title of Anohni's soulful new album ... is a testament to the hard work of carrying stories through time. It underscores the roots of the imposing stakes and unwavering purpose that have long been synonymous with Anohni". Pelly describes that Anohni and the record's co-producer Jimmy Hogarth composed "a fervent Muscle Shoals sound for Anohni's pointed, long-gestating lyrics."


title: Kirman (Sasanian province)

text: The province was originally part of the Parthian Empire, but was in the early 3rd-century conquered by the first Sasanian king Ardashir I (r. 224–242). According to the medieval Iranian historian al-Tabari, Ardashir I overthrew a local king in Kirman named Balash, who was either a member of the Arsacid royal family or the seven Parthian clans. Right after having the province conquered, he found the town of Veh-Ardashir close to the Dasht-e Loot. The town was a small but heavily protected town encircled by gardens and watered by many qanats, wells, and cisterns. Ardashir I also founded Narmashir, a caravan town which was constructed close to a little river near the ancient town of Bam. The capital of the province at this time is unknown—the Greek writer Ptolemy, who lived during the late Parthian era, mentions an Alexandria and Kármana mētrópolis as the towns of the province, whilst Ammianus Marcellinus mentions a "Carmana mother of all ", but they give no additional information about the province. One of Ardashir I's sons, also named Ardashir, was appointed as the governor of Kirman and given the title of Kirmanshah, which he would continue to rule during the reign of Ardashir's successor, Shapur I (r. 240–270). According to a legend, the town of Mahan was also a Sasanian foundation, being founded by another Sasanian governor of Kirman, Adhar Mahan.


title: Hermine Körner

text: In Wiesbaden, she discovered her passion for the theater, which she shared with her lover, the Austrian officer Franz Ferdinand Körner. She married Körner on 23 December 1897. With the assistance of her father-in-law August Körner, an influential Viennese banker, she was given the opportunity to audition for the director general of the Vienna Court Opera. Körner debuted in 1898 at Vienna's Burgtheater and eventually obtained an engagement at the Emperor's Jubilee Theatre. From 1905 to 1909 Körner played in the Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus under Louise Dumont and her husband Gustav Lindemann, but went to the Court Theatre in 1909 in Dresden. In 1915, Max Reinhardt brought her to the Deutsches Theater in Berlin. In Stuttgart and Hamburg, she directed and stood on the stage, from 1919 to 1925 she was director in Dresden and Munich Schauspielhaus. Körner continued to play with Gustaf Gründgens at the Prussian State Theater in Berlin. Körner last lived in Berlin-Wilmersdorf. She was buried in the Zehlendorf cemetery.


title: 1986 Wellington City mayoral election

text: A major issue faced by the council during the term was the increasingly unpopular practice of raw sewage discharge into the sea. The two main candidates, Lawrence and Belich, had been friends for nearly twenty years adding a more personal element to the election than normal. The two had first met in the late-1960s when Lawrence, as a member of the Jaycees, helped organise a fundraising international ball for a UNICEF, which Belich was president of. Both agreed to a "peace pact" to fight fair in the election. Highlighting the unpopular council sewage scheme both the Labour Party and the Wellington Clean Water Campaign ran a hostile ad campaign against Lawrence and the Citizens' Association. Lawrence responded, stressing that the sewage scheme was a collective decision of the council, not a personal decision of his. In the last week of the campaign Labour launched a series of particularly controversial advertisements on Lawrence and the council. One newspaper ad showed a toilet on the beach, linking to the clean water campaign to stop raw sewage discharge at Moa Point. Lawrence was angered by the attack which reneged on a pact between the two to fight fair. Belich professed that he did not intend for any personal offence.


title: Hollywood Arms (play)

text: That Linda Lavin is a fabulous Nanny you don't need me to tell you, but this always remarkable actress manages here to surpass even the stiff competition of her own previous triumphs, squeezing every last drop out of her part without the slightest trace of ham or plea for sympathy. Scarcely less admirable is the Louise of Michele Pawk, who lends great heft to a humdrum character, making her intensely human and profoundly moving. Donna Lynne Champlin is unswervingly straightforward as the grown Helen, and Sara Niemietz makes little Helen lovable with never an iota of cuteness. Amazing, too, is the Malcolm of Nicolas King, a child actor with timing to make old pros envious. Frank Wood is an honestly unembellished Jody, and Patrick Clear a restrainedly sympathetic Bill. Leslie Hendrix and Emily Graham-Handley lend savvy support, as do the impeccable décor of Walt Spangler, Judith Dolan's incisive costumes, and Howell Binkley's empathetic lighting. Robert Lindsey Nassif's accompanying music also adds distinctly to our pleasure.


title: Union Station (Columbus, Ohio)

text: The first station building was the first union station in the world, built in 1851. Its replacement was built from 1873 to 1875, just before demolition of the first station building. After traffic problems on High Street, as well as increased rail traffic became problematic, a new station was planned by Daniel Burnham beginning in 1893. The new station opened in 1897, and its arcade along High Street was finished in 1899. By 1928, part of the arcade was demolished. Passenger service significantly declined from the 1950s to the 1970s. The arcade was demolished in 1976 to make way for a new convention center, although it had been placed on the National Register of Historic Places two years prior. Train service stopped at Union Station in 1977, and the remaining portions of the station were demolished in 1979. The demolished arcade was delisted in 1999. A portion of the arcade was saved, the Union Station arch, which is the focal point of the McFerson Commons park in the nearby Arena District.


title: Union Station (Columbus, Ohio)

text: Battelle Commons Corporation applied for grants to create a transit center as part of the convention center, including from the Urban Mass Transit Administration (UMTA) and Federal Highway Administration. The transit center project was supported by the Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA), Columbus's mass transit agency. The proposed hub, titled TransCenter, was to include 2,000 square feet inside the restored Union Station arcade, containing transit information, ticket offices, a bus waiting and loading area, and entranceways to transit below street-level. A new 20,000-square-foot bus facility and COTA office was to be constructed alongside the arcade. The proposed funding included $6.24 million from the UMTA for buildings and platforms, $1.05 million from the Federal Railroad Administration for restoring the arcade, and Battelle contributing $1.56 million for the building and platforms, and $450,000 for the arcade. The combined project was to cost $9.3 million. It was noted that Battelle made no effort to find funding from obvious sources including the State Historic Preservation Office, the National Endowment for the Arts, Department of the Interior, Community Development Block Grants, or General Revenue Sharing Funds.


title: Baldur von Schirach

text: As leader of the Hitler Youth, Schirach helped to build the "Führer myth",: Ch 1, 5 using his speeches to communicate an emotional connection to Hitler, with themes of laying down one's life for Hitler. He wrote the lyrics to many songs, including the "song of the Hitler Youth flag", which was used in the film Der Hitlerjunge Quex.: Ch 5 Schirach organised a "Reich Youth Day" on 1 October 1932, with between 50,000 and 70,000 adolescents of the Hitler Youth and the League of German Girls attending the Luftschiffhafen Potsdam (Potsdam Airship Port). It was financed by sales of badges and other propaganda materials. The Hitler Youth also published various magazines, and organised leisure excursions including militaristic activities such as flying, reconnaissance, motorised and mounted "units".: Ch 5 On 17 May 1938, Schirach said, "The real, great educational act for a people lies in ingraining in youth blind obedience, unshakeable loyalty, unconditional comradeship and absolute reliability.": Ch 11


title: Baldur von Schirach

text: Schirach took up residence in the Hohe Warte villa of his predecessor Bürckel,: Ch 7 a building now occupied by the Embassy of Egypt. Henriette was delighted with the move.: Ch 7 The Schirachs continued to live luxuriously. They had no qualms about stealing public money and property, and the property of Jews. Their house was decorated with furniture, artworks, rugs and tapestries stolen from Jews; the house itself had belonged to a Jew who had fled the country. One stolen painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder was bought by Schirach, with special permission from Hitler, for 30,000 Reichsmark, more than Schirach's father's annual salary. It was rediscovered in 1999 and sold for $600,000. Another painting by Pieter Brueghel the Younger was stolen from Jews who were deported to Theresienstadt where they died. It was purchased by Schirach for 24,000 Reichsmark, again with permission from Hitler. It was rediscovered in 2003 and sold for $688,000. The Schirachs bought around 12 paintings from Alois Miedl. They bought 25 paintings from the Mühlmann agency, totalling 244,000 Reichsmark, selling most of them at a profit.: Ch 12 In 1944 Schirach accepted a violin from the State Opera's collection, which was never returned. Schirach also made presents of public property to other people, such as a valuable table to Galeazzo Ciano, and an Italian Renaissance box to Renato Ricci.: Ch 12, 7 After the war, Henriette spent years trying to regain confiscated furniture and paintings.: Ch 13


title: Baldur von Schirach

text: Schirach continued his involvement with the Hitler Youth, pursuing links with other European youth organisations. In March 1941 he planned a Fascist youth umbrella organisation with Artur Axmann. He announced the "European Youth Association" at the fifth Hitler Youth summer games in Breslau on 28 August 1941. The association was actually formed in September 1942 in Vienna, under the joint presidency of Axmann and Aldo Vidussoni, with representatives from numerous European states and Japan. It was here he gave a notorious speech describing his deportation of the Jews to the East as his "contribution to European culture". The closing rally was held on 18 September 1942 on the Heldenplatz. The residents of Vienna considered the rally a waste of resources, as did Goebbels, who banned reporting on the conference. Goebbels criticised the concept of a "Europe of nations" as contrary to goals of German supremacy. The Hitler Youth's European activities were banned on 4 November 1942 by Hitler's decree. Hitler wrote, "party offices must never forget that the tenets and knowledge of National Socialist ideology correspond to the essence of German blood and hence cannot be transposed onto foreign peoples... Hence the NSDAP and its organisations do not have a European or worldwide mission to fulfil.": Ch 7 In September 1942 Schirach was given the task of giving a speech to the youth, to counter one Franklin D. Roosevelt had made. Schirach's response to Roosevelt was broadcast on the radio; Goebbels considered it "an extraordinarily effective and well-founded reply".: Ch 10


title: Baldur von Schirach

text: Schirach saw the promotion of Viennese culture as a demonstration of his leadership role within the Reich. However, Hitler did not want Vienna to compete with Berlin for cultural status. Hitler wanted Vienna to be "gradually neutralised", with Linz promoted as a cultural "counterweight".: Ch 10 : 198, 233 Furthermore, Vienna's cultural programmes did not follow official Reich policy. Schirach promoted "Vienna's European mission", but this was rejected by Hitler and Goebbels. As a result, Schirach fell into disfavour with Hitler. In 1942 Wilhelm Rüdiger had curated an art exhibition in Weimar, "Young Art in the German Reich" (Junge Kunst im Deutschen Reich ). Schirach brought it to Vienna and had it expanded with works by artists from the Ostmark. The exhibition was denounced by Adolf Ziegler and Benno von Arent. In 1943 Hitler ordered its closure, and Schirach's main cultural advisor Walter Thomas , who had previously been criticised by Goebbels, was dismissed. Thomas was to be sent to the Eastern front, but he was found medically unfit for service.: Ch 10 Hitler summoned Schirach to the Berghof, saying "It was my mistake to have sent you to Vienna. It was a mistake that I ever brought these Viennese into the Greater German Reich. I know these people. In my youth I lived among them. They are the enemies of Germany." Schirach offered his resignation, which Hitler rejected. In March 1943 Hitler considered ending Schirach's control of Vienna's cultural programmes, and in May 1943 considered sending him away as a diplomat.: Ch 10


title: Baldur von Schirach

text: An incident at the Berghof on 24 June 1943 intensified Hitler's distaste for Schirach. Schirach's wife Henriette protested to Hitler about deportations of Jewish women she had witnessed in Amsterdam. Hitler was enraged, shouting "You're sentimental... what have the Jews in Holland got to do with you? It's all sentimentality, humanity claptrap. You have to learn to hate..." According to Henriette, the Schirachs were told to leave immediately. While it was not the last time Baldur von Schirach saw Hitler,: Ch 11 the Schirachs were never again invited to the Berghof. Earlier in the day, Schirach had annoyed Hitler by saying the war had to be stopped. Hitler later said, "He knows as well as I do that there is no way out. I might as well shoot myself in the head as think of negotiating peace." Hitler made it clear he no longer wanted anything to do with Schirach. Hitler also criticised Schirach's attempt to prevent the movement of armament factories to Vienna. At the Nuremberg trials, Schirach said his conflict with Hitler grew over three days, beginning when Schirach had argued for an autonomous Ukraine within the Reich, rather than the oppressive policy of Erich Koch. Henriette's protest was on the first or second evening. According to Baldur von Schirach, they had planned that she would broach the "Jewish question", as he was unable to bring up the subject. On the third evening, Goebbels brought up the subject of Vienna, and Hitler spoke with hatred about the Viennese.: Ch 10 Goebbels wrote, "Frau von Schirach in particular behaves like a stupid turkey... The Führer doesn't want to know Schirach anymore. Schirach is a weakling, a windbag and an idiot when it comes to deep political matters. He would rather dismiss him from Vienna sooner than later, if only he had a successor." Henriette von Schirach had asked Hitler to send Baldur to Munich as Gauleiter, swapping positions with Paul Giesler; Hitler refused. Hugo Jury later declined to succeed Schirach. Jury and Karl Scharizer defended Schirach, but Scharizer increasingly took over his work. While generally positive about Schirach, Scharizer wrote "Schirach somehow lives in a different world, in a high tower, as it were, pursuing his hobbies. He thinks about foreign policy and wants to sort it out... Without noticing, Schirach lives a life that is not in keeping with the times. He cannot empathize with the life and way of living of the common people.": Ch 10, 11


title: Baldur von Schirach

text: Schirach was notoriously anxious about Allied air raids, fleeing in public view to his Gaugefechtsstand Wien ("Gau Command Center Vienna") whenever air raid sirens sounded. He had sent his children away to the Schloss Aspenstein, followed by Henriette in late autumn 1944 (their art collection was shipped separately). Schirach's mother Emma had burned to death on 16 July 1944 when a plane crashed into her house in Wiesbaden and she attempted to rescue her dog. Schirach evacuated approximately one third of the children of Vienna, and in September 1944 organised the rescue of 2,000 children from Slovakia, which had become contested territory — an operation in which 15 men died. Hitler and Goebbels thought Schirach had not done enough to protect Vienna from air raids, but there was little he could do due to the centralised armaments policy. In 1941 Göring had ordered him to stop building air raid shelters. Flak towers were constructed from 1942. Schirach's December 1943 proposal to evacuate 300,000 women and children from Vienna was rejected.: Ch 10, 11


title: Baldur von Schirach

text: On 24 February 1945, Hitler called a meeting of most of his Gauleiter in Berlin. Attendees included Schirach and Hugo Jury. Hitler ordered that Vienna was to be held at any price, as part of a policy of "total warfare". Schirach ignored recommendations by Albrecht Schubert, Ludwig Merker, Hans Dellbrügge and Hanns Blaschke to declare Vienna a "free city". However, Austrian soldiers ignored Schirach's orders, and planned defence measures did not exist.: Ch 11 Vienna came under attack by the Red Army on 2 April 1945. On 4 April 1945 he moved to the vaulted cellars of the Vienna Hofburg. Otto Skorzeny described the atmosphere: "On the floor lay splendid rugs, on the walls hung paintings of battles and portraits of generals from the eighteenth century. In this antechamber, people ate, drank and were noisy." Skorzeny invited Schirach to undertake a reconnaissance trip to see the unmanned barricades, but Schirach refused. Another witness, Karl Zischka, described people consuming champagne and caviar: "everyone believed in victory. Everyone believed in the miracle weapon that was yet to be deployed somehow.": Ch 11


title: Baldur von Schirach

text: Schirach called his former adjutants Gustav Höpken and Fritz Wieshofer as witnesses, as well as Hartmann Lauterbacher. Höpken denied that Schirach had seen Reinhard Heydrich's reports about German war crimes, and portrayed him as a supporter of the Christian churches. Weishofer claimed that Schirach's office had made interventions on behalf of individual Jews. Lauterbacher claimed that Schirach had forbidden the Hitler Youth to take part in pogroms and looting in November 1938, although this was after the pogroms had taken place. Schirach played up his 1943 break with Hitler, and his American ancestry. His lawyer was Dr Fritz Sauter, a well-known defence lawyer from Munich who had been a member of the Nazi Party. Sauter also defended Walther Funk and others at Nuremberg. Sauter argued that Schirach had confessed to his mistakes and was determined to rectify them: "Such a defendant must be given consideration for trying to repair as far as he can the damage which he caused in good faith.": Ch 13


title: Baldur von Schirach

text: I have educated this generation in faith and loyalty to Hitler. The Youth Organization which I built up bore his name. I believed that I was serving a leader who would make our people and the youth of our country great and happy and free. Millions of young people believed this, together with me, and saw their ultimate ideal in National Socialism. Many died for it. Before God, before the German nation, and before my German people I alone bear the guilt of having trained our young people for a man whom I for many long years had considered unimpeachable, both as a leader and as the head of the State, of creating for him a generation who saw him as I did. The guilt is mine in that I educated the youth of Germany for a man who murdered by the millions. I believed in this man, that is all I can say for my excuse and for the characterization of my attitude. This is my own—my own personal guilt. I was responsible for the youth of the country. I was placed in authority over the young people, and the guilt is mine alone. The younger generation is guiltless. It grew up in an anti-Semitic state, ruled by anti-Semitic laws. Our youth was bound by these laws and saw nothing criminal in racial politics. But if anti-Semitism and racial laws could lead to an Auschwitz, then Auschwitz must mark the end of racial politics and the death of anti-Semitism. Hitler is dead. I never betrayed him; I never tried to overthrow him; I remained true to my oath as an officer, a youth leader, and an official. I was no blind collaborator of his; neither was I an opportunist. I was a convinced National Socialist from my earliest days—as such, I was also an anti-Semite. Hitler's racial policy was a crime which led to disaster for 5,000,000 Jews and for all the Germans. The younger generation bears no guilt. But he who, after Auschwitz, still clings to racial politics has rendered himself guilty.: 433


title: Matilda I (tank)

text: The development of the tank began with Sir Hugh Elles, Master General of Ordnance, and Major-General A. E. Davidson, who concurred that a tank design to support infantry attacks was needed. After consulting with Major-General Percy Hobart they decided that large groups of small, lightly armed tanks were needed to overrun enemy positions and approached Sir John Carden at Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd to design and begin work on a tank based on these principles, which began in 1935. The General Staff specification required a cheap tank, requiring the use of already commercially available automotive components. It resulted in a small two-man vehicle with a low hull and a small cast turret. The turret was fitted with a single heavy machine gun, either a .303 (7.7 mm) calibre Vickers machine gun or the larger (12.7 mm) Vickers .50 machine gun. Designed for quick delivery as well as low cost, the A11 used many stock parts from other vehicles: a Ford V8 engine, a Fordson gearbox, a steering mechanism similar to the one used in Vickers light tanks and suspension adapted from the Mk IV Dragon artillery tractor, that was based on the Vickers 6-Ton Tank Model E.


title: Matilda I (tank)

text: Matilda I tanks equipped the 4th Battalion and 7th Battalion of the Royal Tank Regiment (RTR). In September 1939, upon the outbreak of the Second World War, the 4th RTR deployed to France with the British Expeditionary Force. They were joined at the start of May 1940 by 7th RTR and together formed the 1st Army Tank Brigade. Apart from light tanks assigned to the various British infantry divisions, this was the only British armoured force on the Continent at the start of the Battle of France on 10 May 1940. The 58 Matilda Is and 16 Matilda IIs spearheaded the counter-attack in the Battle of Arras on 21 May, temporarily discomfiting the 7th Panzer Division under Rommel. The heavy armour of both types of British tank proved to be resistant to the standard German 37 mm anti-tank gun and the attack was only halted by a gun line hastily formed from 105 mm howitzers and 88 mm anti-aircraft guns, personally directed by Rommel. On the following day, only 26 Matilda Is and two Matilda II tanks were still serviceable.


title: Graham Stevenson (trade union leader)

text: Stevenson worked very closely with trade union leader and communist Frank Watters, who was famous for his trade union activism with the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) in Yorkshire. Together they redeveloped the Birmingham CPGB Communist Party premises into a social club, heavily featuring Jamaican Reggae music. This social club became a home for many members of Birmingham's black communities, including the future general secretary of the TGWU, Bill Morris. Stevenson met Frank Watters's daughter Lesley, and married her in 1979. In 1980 Stevenson began his career as a full-time trade union officer, applying for the position of TGWU district organiser in Derby, where he successfully re-unionised bus services and expanded the union's activities into the wider community. He was also involved in re-establishing the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND). In 1982 he became the organiser of the Midlands March for Jobs in 1982. In 1983-84 he worked to ensure that transport workers gave their full support to striking mining workers.


title: The International 2021

text: Dota 2 is a 2013 multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video game developed by Valve. In it, two teams of five players compete by selecting characters known as "heroes", each with a variety of innate skills and abilities, and cooperate together to be the first to destroy the base of the other team, which ends the match. The game is played from a top-down perspective, and the player sees a segment of the game's map near their character as well as a mini-map that shows their allies, with any enemies revealed outside the fog of war. The game's map has three roughly symmetric "lanes" between each base, with a number of defensive towers protecting each side. Periodically, the team's base spawns a group of weak CPU-controlled creatures, called "creeps", that march down each of the three lanes towards the opponents' base, fighting any enemy hero, creep, or structure they encounter. If a hero character is killed, that character respawns back at their base after a delay period, which gets progressively longer the farther into the match.


title: The International 2021

text: The event follows the postponement of The International 2020, which was originally set to be held at the Avicii Arena in Stockholm, Sweden, that year before being pushed back indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Valve attempted to restart the event there in 2021 before the Swedish Sports Confederation voted to not recognize esports under its body, a move that would deny visas for most attempting to enter the country due to their COVID-19 restrictions at the time. Valve made repeated requests for the Swedish government to intervene before deciding to move the event to Romania. The event was originally scheduled to include a live audience who were required to wear face masks and show proof of COVID-19 vaccination to attend. However, Valve announced a week prior to the event that only teams, production staff, and other essential personnel would be allowed to attend due to rising COVID cases in the region and newly implemented restrictions set by the Bucharest government, with them refunding all ticket sales.


title: The International 2021

text: The International 2021 featured a series of pre-qualifying tournaments running throughout the first half of 2021, known as the Dota Pro Circuit (DPC), with the top 12 ranking teams receiving direct invitations. Six more teams received invites following the conclusion of double-elimination tournaments held in June and July 2021 for the China, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, North America, South America, and Southeast Asia regions, bringing the total number of participating teams up to 18. To seed the elimination bracket for the main event, round robin group stages featuring two groups of nine teams were played from October 7–10, 2021. In it, each of the teams played each other within their group in a two-game series. The top four placing teams of each group advanced to the upper bracket of the main event, while fifth through eighth advanced to the lower bracket. The lowest placed team from both groups were eliminated from the competition. The main event is being held at the Arena Națională in Bucharest from October 12–17.


title: Willi Voss

text: Willi Pohl grew up in the Ruhr region. In the 1970s, he was a member of the German neo-Nazi scene, with ties to the criminal milieu . The contact had been established by the neo-Nazi Udo Albrecht, with whom Pohl was friends for several years. As a PLO affiliate, he smuggled weapons for Palestinian commandos in Germany. Pohl helped the Abu Daoud and the Black September Organization, and the mastermind of the 1972 Munich attacks in its planning and execution , according to his own account unknowingly. After the assassination, he planned to take hostages in Vienna's St. Stephen's Cathedral and in parallel in Cologne Cathedral on Christmas 1972 in order to ransom the three surviving Munich preparators. Since the preparatory smuggling of weapons was exposed by an informant, he was arrested by the Bavarian police at the end of October 1972 with weapons and a threatening letter from Black September. Three days after his arrest came the hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 615, which was used to ransom the Black September members. Pohl's hopes of also being ransomed were not fulfilled.


title: Chelated platinum

text: Generally, it is not a simple process to turn an inert precious metal directly into its water-soluble ionic state. Material under high energy treatment would gain certain amount of energy according to energy storage effect. Therefore, when inert metal directly turns into its ionic water-soluble state under high energy treatment, it is certain that this aqueous solution would possess large amount of energy. Due to the high energy state and dielectric properties of platinum metal ion in chelated state, the energy conversion at the contact point between platinum ion and bacteria, which is similar to the situation of electrical short circuit, would lead to cell burst and trigger bactericidal effect. Furthermore, platinum ion in chelated state is much more stable than ordinary metal ion in aqueous solution. Also, the concentration and density of chelated platinum ion can be freely adjusted, this characteristic provides effective concentration for anti-microbial and anti-viral activity. Besides, platinum is known to be the best catalyst in the world. The concept of catalyst is that on one hand it triggers catalyzing and reversible reactions, but on the other hand, it does not involve directly in the chemical reaction. Thus, during the microbial eliminating process, there is no deterioration in chelated platinum ion content, such that the bactericidal effective can be continued and sustainable.


title: Chelated platinum

text: Besides the effect surface energy, it is also speculated that the antimicrobial and antiviral properties of platinum would involve the following aspects. Same as other antimicrobial and antiviral metal ions, such as silver, gold, and copper platinum ion is also positively charged. Based on the chemical characteristics, the surface of either Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is negatively charged Meanwhile, similar surface characteristics could be found in fungi and enveloped virus. The positively charged platinum ions would be attracted by the negatively charged cell surface through electrostatic interaction and involved in electron transfer. With the destabilization of cell membrane, change in membrane potential, pH and local conductivity, the permeability of the membrane would be significantly increased, leading to the rupture of microbe or virus outer membrane layer. Furthermore, some functional group of proteins might bind to metal ion that would cause protein denaturation. Eventually cell death or disruption of virus structure would be triggered. Apart from the structural damage of membrane, metal ions also contribute to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the cell. ROS would oxidize glutathione, which is vital compound in bacteria carry out antioxidant defense system to combat against ROS. Consequently, the cell would be destructed due to the reduction of intracellular ATP level, cellular enzyme denaturation, interruption of protein synthesis and DNA damage contributed by the oxidative stress or direct interaction with the metal ion. Since the interaction of metal ion with some atoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, which are abundant in most cellular biomolecules, is very strong and non-specific, therefore, metal ion could possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial property.


title: The Golden Road (Montgomery novel)

text: The plot is based around the character Beverley who remembers his childhood days with his brother Felix and friends and cousins Felicity, Cecily, Dan, Sara Stanley (the "Story Girl" of the title), hired-boy Peter Craig and neighbour Sara Ray. The children often played in their family's orchard and had many adventures, even creating their own newspaper, called Our Magazine. More character development takes place in this novel than in its predecessor and the reader is able to watch the children grow up; in particular, they are able to watch Sara Stanley leave the Golden Road of childhood forever. They also are able to see the beginnings of a relationship between Peter and Felicity, as chemistry between them starts to build; it also seems that Beverley and Sara Stanley are drawn to each other but this is left undeveloped. Throughout the story it is hinted that Beverley's cousin, Cecily, is consumptive; in a passage where the Story Girl tells their futures, the adult Beverley confirms that Cecily never left the Golden Road. As well, Beverley strongly hints that Peter and Felicity will be married. The novel ends after Sara's father collects her to give her a proper education and their small group is never complete again.


title: Waterloo Regional Police Service

text: Marked cruisers are white, with hood, trunk lid, front and rear quarter panels and bumpers painted navy blue. The text Waterloo Regional Police in silver retroreflective text with a navy blue outline appears on the sides of the vehicles. A distinct solid red line curves from the front, through to the rear of the vehicle, with the motto "People Helping People" and "911" on the rear quarter panel. A series of white horizontal stripes appear above and below the curved red stripe. The crest of the police service appears on the rear pillar as well. A Canadian flag in addition to any special designations for the vehicle, such as "supervisor", "traffic", "duty officer" are displayed on the front fender. On the rear of the cruiser, the text "Waterloo Regional Police" is displayed on the left side of the trunk lid, and the vehicle number and divisional designation (where applicable) on the right side. On the bumper appears the police service website (wrps.on.ca), along with the Crime Stoppers tip-line number encompassed by retroreflective chevrons. Affixed to the roof is a red and blue LED light bar, as well as several antennas for communication and GPS.


title: Trelill

text: Trelill Tunnel is a railway tunnel on the now-closed North Cornwall Railway, which ran the Atlantic Coast Express to London, between Wadebridge and Camelford and passes directly under Trelill village. Construction of the tunnel, the only tunnel on the North Cornwall Railway commenced in 1893 and by January 1894 over 100 yards had been tunnelled into the hill. The breakthrough took place around the end of June that year and by the end of August about one third of the 333 yards (304 m) length had been opened out to the full size. The tunnel, which is built on a curve and a falling gradient towards St Kew Highway, is single-bore, but part of the agreement allowed the size to be increased to accommodate double-track although this was never required as traffic was always light. During the Second World War the tunnel was guarded by the Home Guard although the only event of any note was when a single German aircraft dropped some bombs which fell in a nearby field. The line closed on 3 October 1966 as part of Dr Beeching's railway cuts and the track removed soon after, although the tunnel was still in existence in 2020.


title: Vitaly Milonov

text: His political career began in 1991 when he joined the Free Democratic Party of Russia. From 1994 to 1995, he was an assistant to Vitaly Viktorovich Savitsky, chairman in the 1990s of the existing Christian Democratic Union of Russia (CDU). During this time Milonov was also chairman of the "Young Christian Democrats", a political youth branch of the CDU Russia. Later, he became a friend of Russian politician Galina Starovoitova who supported him politically as well. After the murder of Starovoitova, he turned away from politics. In 2004 he began again his political career at the municipal level as a council member of the community "Dachnoe", in 2005 as head of the city administration of Krasnenkaya Rechka Municipal Okrug in St. Petersburg. In 2007 he successfully ran for elections to the Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg and was in his first term Chairman of the Committee for the establishment of the government, local government, and territorial management structure. In 2009, he moved to the Chair of the Committee for legislation. In 2011 he was re-elected as an MLA. While in the legislature, Milonov was the principal sponsor of legislation criminalising "homosexual propaganda directed toward minors". In 2016 elections, he was elected to the State Duma representing United Russia.


title: Porevit

text: According to Jacek Banaszkiewicz, a Polish professor of medieval history, the three Charenza deities are not a "random" group of deities, but a group of deities that patronize areas fundamental to the existence of society. He considers Rugiaevit as the chief god, who patronizes war and the community, and Porevit and Porenut as divine twins, who complement the chief deity with their universal characteristics. Banaszkiewicz points out that a common feature of divine twins is the repetition of the first part of the name or the second part of the name; according to him, Porevit and Porenut share the first part (pora). He also points out that twins often have contradictory features; Porevit is considered a "positive" twin whose name should be understood as "Lord of strength, Lord who can cope with everything", while Porenut is considered a "negative" twin and translates his name as "Lord in need of support", reading the suffix -nut as -nud and connecting it with the Old Polish nuda and the German Nut meaning "need, compulsion". Banaszkiewicz also points to the fact that they both have five faces, two less than Rugiaevit, with Porenut having only four faces on his head, and the fifth one he holds with his hands on his chest, which according to him may indicate that his character's importance is diminished in relation to Porevit. It may also be important that the right hand supports the fifth face, while the left hand holds it by the forehead. Andrzej Szyjewski is also in favor of combining the first part of both Porevit and Porenut with the word pora.