title: Ages of consent in Europe

text: The interpretation of the law is situational and at the discretion of the prosecution and the courts, based on relevant factors that may be taken into account to decide whether the minor was actually "defiled". For example, in 2008 two brothers, aged 19 and 20, were found not guilty of defiling a girl, then aged 16 . Their sexual encounters were consensual, and it was clear that the girl had had several previous sexual adventures with several youths. In 2007 a man of 30 was found guilty of defiling a boy, then aged 14. He had set up a situation in which the boy came to his apartment; as a result of both childish curiosity and what the court deemed to be the guile of the adult man, the boy remained in the apartment even while man first showered and then committed the lewd acts. There are also other cases, where offenders have been found guilty even though the circumstances were not clear, such as the case of a hotel manager aged 35 with a 14-year-old girl on holiday, three men aged 18, 19 and 20 with three 14-year-old girls or another hotel manager of 46 and a boy of 14, who had encounters over a longer time.


title: Ages of consent in Europe

text: In the 1990s, the Netherlands gained international attention due to its policies regarding the age of consent. Between 1990 and 2002 the Netherlands operated what was in effect an age of consent of 12, subject to qualifications. The relevant law, passed in November 1990, permitted sexual intercourse for young people between 12 and 16 in most circumstances, but allowed a challenge by parents or by the Child Protection Agency if there was evidence of exploitation. Although the age of consent was often reported internationally to be 12, this was partly misleading, because sexual acts up to 16 remained open to prosecution. The Netherlands has gained an international reputation of being extremely liberal on sexual issues, with some of this due to exaggerated reports in foreign media and claims by foreign politicians, rather than based on reality. For instance, during the 1980s, some conservative campaigners in the US claimed that children were sold into sexual slavery at "auctions" held in Amsterdam, but did not produce any evidence to support their claims.


title: Ages of consent in Europe

text: For a very long time, the age of consent in Romania was 14. The Penal Code of 1864, which followed shortly after the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, and was in force between 1865 and 1936, set an age of consent of 14. Under this code, Article 263 read: "Any assault against decency, whether completed or attempted, without violence, upon the person of a child, either male or female, aged less than 14 years, shall be punished with imprisonment between two and three years." Article 264 defined "assault against decency with violence", the equivalent of the modern-day crime of rape (although the term "rape" was not used in that code), and stipulated that the maximum penalty should be given if the victim was under 15 years of age. In 1936, a new criminal code came into force. Article 421 read: "The man who has sexual intercourse with a girl under 14 years of age commits the offense of assault against decency without violence, and is punishable by imprisonment between one and three years." However, if aggravated factors existed (such as pregnancy, a sexually transmitted disease, or committed by a person with a specific relation to the victim, or by several persons) the punishment was increased. With regard to rape (article 419) the victim being under 14 constituted an aggravating factor. After the installation of the communist regime, the code was modified several time, and, in 1969, a new penal code came into effect. Nevertheless, the age of consent of 14 was maintained. Article 198 of the 1969 code read: "Sexual intercourse with a female person who has not attained the age of 14 is punishable by imprisonment of one to five years." In a case of rape, similarly with the previous code, the victim being under 14 constituted an aggravating factor (Article 197).


title: Ages of consent in Europe

text: The late 1990s and the early 21st century saw major modifications to the criminal code, in an effort to modify what was seen as outdated provisions, especially as Romania prepared to enter the EU. As such, homosexuality was decriminalised, the text of several criminal offences was modified by making it gender-neutral, the age of consent was lifted to 15 (applicable to both girls and boys), punishments for several sexual crimes were increased, and the stipulation that a rapist could avoid punishment after rape if he married his victim was abolished. Changes were made through Law no. 140/1996, Law No. 197/2000, Emergency Ordinance no. 89/2001, and Emergency Ordinance no. 143/2002. Nevertheless, the rapid adoption of numerous laws led to poorly drafted and contradictory texts, which have caused difficulty among the jurisprudence and doctrine, and several cases ended to the High Court of Cassation and Justice in order to clarify the interpretation of the law. Finally, a new criminal code entered into force on 1 February 2014, which set the age of consent at 15.


title: Ages of consent in Europe

text: The age of consent in Russia is 16. The age of consent changed several times in Russian history: the Criminal Code of RSFSR (Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic) stated "sexual maturity" as the age of consent; when the Criminal Code of Russia was adopted in 1996, the age of consent was proclaimed to be the same regardless of sexual orientation and was set to 16 years old; in 1998 it was lowered to 14 years; and in 2003 it was returned again to 16 years (which is the current age of consent in Russia). Law of early 2012 tightened the consent laws in Articles 134 and 135 considerably. However, only a person over 18 can be charged. Charges are relatively low (up to 4 years of prison) - regardless of gender - and "obscene actions" have even less charges. If the victim is not understanding the nature and consequences of the act (due to their age being under 12 or mental abilities), it will be considered rape and charged much more severely (up to 15 years of prison, or up to 20 if the victim is under 14).


title: Ages of consent in Europe

text: The vast majority of law relating to sexual offences in England and Wales is laid out in legislation under the Sexual Offences Act 2003, which contains upwards of 140 sections, of which around 70 relate directly to sexual offences. The main sections that relate to sexual offences regarding children are sections 5–15. Sections 5–8 largely reiterate the adult offences of sections 1–4 – rape, assault by penetration, sexual assault, and causing a person to engage in sexual activity without consent – replacing the element of non-consent with the victim being under 13 – with higher maximum sentences in the latter two cases. Sections 9–12 define offences against a child under 13, or a minor under 16 whom the defendant does not reasonably believe is 16 or over. These offences are sexual activity with a child, meaning sexual touching (the same actus reus as sexual assault); causing or inciting a child to engage in sexual activity; engaging in sexual activity in the presence of a child for sexual gratification; and causing a child to watch a sexual act, meaning a third person or an image, for sexual gratification. Under section 13, these offences carry a lower penalty of 5 years' imprisonment when committed by a person under 18.


title: Ages of consent in Europe

text: Any person who engages in sexual intercourse with a person under age 16 could be prosecuted (unless they are under 10, the age of criminal responsibility). This therefore means that even sexual intercourse between willing people of a similar age (e.g., a 16-year-old and a 15-year-old) could result in the older person being liable for prosecution for committing a sexual offence. Because of this, guidelines were put in place on how to appropriately prosecute a person who had sexual intercourse with a person under the age of 16, depending on exactly how young a person under the age of 16 was at time the sexual intercourse took place. The Crown Prosecution Service generally has discretion to decide not to prosecute if the facts of the individual case do not warrant it, and the judge (or magistrates, as the case may be) has discretion to impose more lenient or more severe sentences, up to the legal limits, as the facts warrant. It is rare that prosecution would be brought against persons aged 13 or over engaging in sexual intercourse/activity willingly, as long as all persons involved were of similar age, and it did not involve other matters such as violence, abuse or blackmail.


title: Ages of consent in Europe

text: In 1997, the European Court of Human Rights case of Sutherland v United Kingdom held that a higher age of consent for homosexuals than for heterosexuals was a breach of Article 14 in conjunction with Article 8 of the convention. In response, the Government introduced the Crime and Disorder Bill that contained a provision lowering the age of consent for homosexual acts to 16. Though accepted by the House of Commons, the provision was rejected by the House of Lords. The Sexual Offences (Amendment) Bill, introduced in 1998, contained a similar provision, but once again it was rejected by the House of Lords. The Bill was reintroduced in 2000 and, despite opposition from the House of Lords, was passed under the Parliament Act 1911 (which allows the House of Commons to overrule the House of Lords under certain circumstances). As the Scottish Parliament had been established prior to the reintroduction of the Bill, and the relevant legislation was a devolved issue, the consent of that Parliament under the Sewel Convention was required – had that consent not been granted, the Scottish provisions would have had to be removed and it would not have been possible to use the Parliament Act.


title: El Santo filmography

text: It is unclear as to the exact date when Santo (real name Rodolfo Guzmán) made his professional wrestling debut, but by the end of the 1930s, he was an established wrestler and had worked under a variety of ring names and gimmicks both masked and unmasked. One of these aliases was Murciélago Enmascarado II ("The Masked Bat II"), with the implication that he was related to the original Murciélago Enmascarado, and after Murciélago made a complaint to a wrestling commission, Guzmán was barred from using that name. After losing the ability to use the Murciélago name, Guzmán's manager wanted him to be part of a new group of masked wrestlers debuting in 1942, all dressed in silver. Guzmán chose the Santo persona, and was often referred to as El Enmascarado de Plata ("The Man in the Silver Mask"). Ten years later, Santo was a beloved household name, despite being a rudo ("bad guy wrestler"), and he was asked by José G. Cruz to star in a television serial named El Enmascarado de Plata, in order to capitalise on his popularity and change his image into that of a técnico ("good guy wrestler"). Santo declined as he feared that it would not be a commercial success. This saw a late casting change as Médico Asesino, a wrestler who wore a white mask similar to Santo's, was now the lead, and the title of the serial began to refer to the villain. The serial's villain (portrayed by Médico Asesino) was originally intended to be its hero and would have been portrayed by Santo. The serial did become a success, which convinced Santo to make his first foray into film, although he would be portraying the masked sidekick character El Enmascarado, alongside Fernando Osés who portrayed the hero, a masked detective named El Incognito. El Cerebro del Mal ("The Evil Brain") and Hombres Infernales ("The Infernal Men") were filmed in Cuba, but due to the Cuban Revolution, they failed to find a distributor. With the success of Santo Contra los Zombies ("Santo vs. the Zombies"), in which Santo played a fictionalized version of himself, the producers of El Cerebro del Mal and Hombres Infernales were able to release their films by rebranding them under the Santo name instead.


title: El Santo filmography

text: Many of the luchador films Santo starred in were low-budget and often had similar storylines, in which Santo would fight characters from the science fiction and horror genres of the time. They were also quickly produced, so it was not uncommon for there to be several Santo films in a single year. Santo would appear in a number of films with his in-ring rival Blue Demon, and then later, with Mil Máscaras. In fact, it was because of a contract dispute involving Santo and an injury to Blue Demon, that resulted in the rise of Máscaras, then a little known luchador enmascarado, who would become famous through his own series of films. Las momias de Guanajuato ("The Mummies of Guanajuato"), released in 1970 and co-starring Blue Demon and Máscaras, became Santo's most financially successful film. Blue Demon invited him to star in the multi-luchador film Los Campeones Justicieros ("The Champions of Justice"), but Santo turned him down as he was too busy making other films to participate. As luchador films fell out of fashion during the 1970s, Santo's appearances in them dwindled and his final film credit was in 1982, two years before his death.


title: Angélica Mendoza de Ascarza

text: Loaded into a truck with other detainees, Arquímedes was taken to the Los Cabitos Barracks in Ayacucho where the military tortured and executed detained persons. According to later testimony to the CVR at a public hearing in Ayacucho, one of the soldiers that kidnapped Arquímedes told Mendoza that she could visit the Los Cabitos Barracks the next day to retrieve her son and that they were merely taking statements from their detainees as "witnesses." When she did visit the barracks the next day, Mendoza was told by soldiers that the prisoners had been moved out of the barracks to an undisclosed location. Desperate, Mendoza took to the streets to look for her son in Ayacucho as well as many neighboring towns and villages like Huanta and Huamanga without aid from the military, local government, or local churches. The only contact Mendoza would ever again have with her son was a note asking Mendoza to find a lawyer to attempt to get Arquímedes out of imprisonment. His remains were never discovered.


title: Angélica Mendoza de Ascarza

text: With the emergence of the guerrilla Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement in 1982, the conflict morphed into a hybrid civil war. Increasingly pressured, the Peruvian government began viewing the peasants in the countryside as potential allies of Shining Path, so they endeavored to have as little contact with them as possible. On 2 September 1983, Mendoza and other Quechua-speaking village women formed the National Association of Relatives of the Kidnapped, Detained and Disappeared of Peru (ANFASEP) in Ayacucho with the initial goal of fostering friendly relations with the government so that they and the people could work together to find disappeared persons, called Desaparecidos. Mendoza was elected president and gained the support of the provincial mayor of Huamanga, Leonor Zama, who allowed the ANFASEP to meet in the town. The organization's early days were hard, as Ayacucho was almost constantly under siege and its members were thought to be communists by the military. With the formation of the ANFASEP, she earned the nickname Mamá Angélica and became a symbol of the movement to find the Desaparecidos.


title: Louise Gerrish

text: As a Livonia-Franklin High School sophomore, Gerrish finished first at the 1964 USA (AAU) national 17 and under championships. The same week she finished third at the 1964 USA Amateur Athletic Union adult national championships; she reprised her bronze medal performance at the 1966 AAU finals. The following year, Gerrish placed third at the Pan-American Games Trials; she also recorded a lifetime-best throw of 54.50 meters, to rank 11th worldwide in 1967. Her personal bests still stand as records in Michigan, Ohio and New York, partly due to a later design change in the javelin. Her competitive track career ended in 1972 when she tore a knee meniscus and ACL trying to make the US Olympic team. She later took up tennis and played number one doubles on the winning women's open 5.0 team at the USTA national league championships in 1986. She has since played on USTA league teams at nationals in 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2018. In 2023 she played on the third place team at the 65 and over national USTA 9.0 women's doubles league championships.


title: Direct acoustic cochlear implant

text: A DACI tries to provide an answer for people with hearing problems for which no solution exists today. People with some problems at the level of the cochlea can be helped with a hearing aid. A hearing aid will absorb the incoming sound from a microphone, and offer enhanced through the natural way. For larger reinforcements, this may cause problems with feedback and distortion. A hearing aid also simply provides more loudness, no more resolution. Users will view this often as, "all sounds louder, but I understand nothing more than before." Once a hearing aid offers no solution anymore, one can switch to a cochlear implant. A Cochlear implant captures the sound and sends it electrically, through the cochlea, to the auditory nerve. In this way, completely deaf patients can perceive sounds again. However, As soon as there are problems not only at the level of the cochlea, but also in the middle ear (the so-called conductive losses), then there are more efficient ways to get sound to the partially functioning cochlea. The most obvious solution is a BAHA, which brings the sound to the cochlea via bone conduction. However, patients who have both problems with the cochlea, as with the middle ear (i.e. patients with mixed losses), none of the above solutions is ideal. To this end, the direct acoustic cochlear implant was developed. A DACI brings the sound directly to the cochlea, and provides the most natural way of sound amplification.


title: St Andrews Christian College

text: St Andrews Christian College gained notoriety when it was featured in news articles describing sexual abuse by the school's sports coordinator, Steve Mellody. The controversy resulted in the dismissal of the sports coordinator who in October 2021 pled guilty to sexually assaulting two students and the child safety officer and head of primary school, Yvonne Hughes. According to the investigation by the Victorian Registration and Qualifications Authority, when Mellody's "inappropriate contact with female students since April 2016" was revealed, the school disciplined him and didn't relay the staff's concerns to Victoria Police. Mellody was instructed by the Head of Middle School, Daniel Lee, to "spend more time in the staffroom, or play sport with male students". In a staff email to the principal, Catriona Wansbrough, in October 2016, Mellody was seen to be "touching a student's hair" and "returning from sand dunes with a young female student while on a school camp." Lee and Hughes were contacted by staff throughout 2019 about concerns regarding Mellody's interactions with students, however, the concerns were not addressed by either—one of the emails stated "Steve should not allow the students to get so involved with him, and he has been warned before, but it still continues.".


title: Borojevia paracerebrum

text: The large, regular triactines are equiangular, equiactinal, flat, not, or only slightly, raised (as a tripod), with sharp-pointed rays c. 115 μm long and c. 11.8 μm in diameter at the base. The large parasagittal triactines are like the regular triactines but with one ray up to 20% longer than the other two rays. The large, regular tetractines are similar to the large triactines with the addition of a shorter, smooth apical ray c. 110 μm long and c. 11.5 μm in diameter at the base. The small, regular triactines are equiangular, equiactinal sharp-pointed rays c. 56 μm long and 5.6 μm in diameter at the base. The small, regular tetractines are generally similar to the small triactines with an addition of an apical ray. This ray can be accurately measured in only a few cases where it is only slightly (10%) shorter than the basal rays. The basal rays are c. 58 μm long and c. 5 μm in diameter at the base. About 65% of the small tetractines have three rows of spines along the proximal portion of the distal half of the apical ray. The number of spines in each row ranges from two to five but is typically three or four. Their length often exceeds the diameter of the adjacent portion of the apical ray. The three spine rows are oriented at the same angles as the basal rays. The spines and ray apex appear to have a granular rather than a smooth surface. The small, sagittal tetractines are approximately the same size as the small regular tetractines with paired rays curved towards the unpaired ray. They constitute a small percentage of the tetractines.


title: Youreka

text: Initially starting his career as a lyricist, Youreka made his debut as a filmmaker with Madurai Sambavam, a rustic action film starring Harikumar, Anuya Bhagvath and Karthika, where NDTV made their first production venture in the Tamil film industry. The film earned mixed reviews, with a critic from The Hindu noting "if only Youreka had paid attention to the screenplay and worked more on the climax" but "instead he seems to have been content with loading the hero with action scenes". Youreka next moved on to work on Sivappu Enakku Pidikkum , a tale about a writer who is determined to put an end to child sexual abuse. Featuring himself in the lead role, Youreka signed on actress Sandra Amy and completed the film by mid-2014. However, the film went through production troubles and was only released several years later in January 2017. His latest release was Thoppi starring newcomers Murali Ram and Raksha Raj. The film was also marred with a spat towards release, with the director complaining that the producer cut scenes considerably in the second half without his knowledge. In their review, the Times of India noted "perhaps, the director's cut was more engaging" but "for now, we have to settle for a film that is modestly engaging but doesn't fulfil its initial promise".


title: Akhalkalaki

text: Akhalkalaki was founded by Bagrat IV of Georgia in 1064. In 1066, the city was destroyed during the Seljuq invasions of the Kingdom of Georgia. In the 11th century, Akhalkalaki became one of the political and economical centres of Javakheti. In the 16th century, the city came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and became a sanjak centre in Çıldır Eyaleti. Under the Ottoman rule, the town was known as "Ahılkelek". The city was passed from the Ottomans to the Russians after the Russo-Turkish War in 1828–1829. On January 4, 1900, an earthquake destroyed much of the town and killed 1,000 people in the area. The citizens predominantly dwelled in dugouts till the 1920s. The city was the administrative center of the Akhalkalaki uezd of the Tiflis Governorate. In May 1918, the town and its district were occupied by the Ottoman army until their withdrawal by the Armistice of Mudros—the occupation resulted in the exodus of the local Armenian population which nearly perished due to starvation and disease.


title: Young Pioneers (Soviet Union)

text: By the middle of 1923, the young organization had 75,000 members with hundreds of mature adult and teen instructors. Among other activities, Young Pioneer units, helped by the Komsomol members and leadership at all levels, played a great role in the eradication of illiteracy (Likbez policy) since 1923. Membership was at 161,000 in the beginning of 1924, 2 million in 1926, 13.9 million in 1940, and 25 million in 1974. Many Young Pioneer Palaces were built, which served as community centers for the children, with rooms dedicated to various clubs, such as crafts or sports. Thousands of Young Pioneer camps were set up where young people went during summer vacation and winter holidays. All of them were free of charge, sponsored by the government and the Trade Unions. By the 1930s, as Stalin's cult of personality was taking shape and the nation becoming a growing economic and later on a military superpower via the Five Year Plans and the expansion and modernization of the armed forces, the Pioneers were promoted as models of a true socialist future generation of youth determined to help bring the Soviet Union towards the total victory of communism at home in all sectors of society.


title: Young Pioneers (Soviet Union)

text: Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as part of the Big Change initiative, the Russian Government held a parade through Red Square on May 22, 2022, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Pioneers and the 104th anniversary of Komsomol. During which, a new organization, the Movement of the First was officially created with 5,000 children signing up. The state run organization maintains the uniforms of the Soviet pioneers, and the organization openly uses the Hammer and sickle and the bust of Lenin on its flags. Vladimir Putin, giving a speech at the rally, said; " exclusively the presidential administration's" Various Russian political commentators, from Cosmonaut Aleksandr Volkov to radio personality Sergey Dorenko came out in support of the new movement, saying that it will instill patriotic values in children, and prevent them from becoming subversive to the Russian state. The Russian government has estimated that 18 million Russian children could join the new pioneers to develop "socially significant and creative activity, high moral qualities, love and respect for the Fatherland." Gennady Zyuganov, leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, has come out in support of the organization inheriting the legacy of the Pioneers.


title: Young Pioneers (Soviet Union)

text: The Young Pioneers who excelled in academic study, work, sports or social activity were elected to the self-governing institutions, were sent as delegates to the Young Pioneers gatherings (including All-Union ones). The most notable were recognized in the organization's Book of Honor. During World War II, many Young Pioneers fought against Nazis in partisan detachments and/or Party underground units, which existed near their homes on territories occupied by Nazi Germany and their allies, while Pioneers in areas away from enemy lines helped in the home front efforts. Nearly 30,000 of them were awarded various orders and medals; four Young Pioneers became Heroes of the Soviet Union. One of the famous young pioneer All-Union camps was "Artek" located in Crimea opened in the 1930s. The camp was located on the top of the mountain "A-yu-dahg" which means "Bear's Mountain". Only the best students were selected to go there based on their grades and leadership. Young communists from other countries were welcome as well.


title: Bruno Mars discography

text: After he signed with Atlantic Records in 2009, he composed (as part of production group the Smeezingtons) and sang guest vocals on the debut singles of American rappers B.o.B ("Nothin' on You") and Travie McCoy ("Billionaire") . Both singles topped the Netherlands' singles chart, while the former also peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 and in the United Kingdom. That year Mars released his debut album Doo-Wops & Hooligans. Its singles "Just the Way You Are" and "Grenade" topped the charts in the US, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the UK, and have been certified 13 times platinum and diamond, respectively, by the RIAA. They were both certified seven and six times platinum, respectively, by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), with the former being certified diamond and the latter six times platinum by Music Canada (MC). "The Lazy Song" topped the charts in Denmark and the UK and was certified seven times platinum by the RIAA. Doo-Wops & Hooligans topped the charts in Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, and the UK.


title: CLG Naomh Bríd

text: So began the official history of Naomh Brid CLG or as it was known in those days Ballintra GAA. Gaelic games had been played in the parish since the early 1900s, but seemed to have been done so on an ad hoc basis, with interest developing and waning at various times. Many different venues were used for the playing of games during those years from Inishfad to Shannagh and from Carrick to Roscanlan. It appears that there was a good team in the area during the 30s who played in the Senior Championship in 1934 which was then played on a Divisional basis. Rivals Bundoran would win the County title that year in a game refereed by Mr.C.J.Boyle, a National School teacher in Ballintra. Sadly interest dropped during the 60s and any young man wishing to play football was doing so with neighbouring clubs such as Drumbar or Ballyshannon. The 70s saw a real resurgence of interest in Gaelic games within the County. At the start of that decade Donegal had yet to win an Ulster Senior Title and there were less than twenty clubs registered with the County Board, (less than half the current number of Clubs). The Donegal Senior team finally won a first Ulster Senior title in 1972 and followed this up with another title in 1974. Perhaps it was this success by the County team that saw an upsurge of interest in football, for over the following years, clubs such as Na Rossa, Glenfin, Naomh Ultan, Naomh Muire and, of course, Naomh Bríd, all formed.


title: Cuthbert Hoare

text: No. 7 Squadron were sent to France on 8 April, equipped with two flights of R.E.5s and one flight of Vickers Fighters (which were soon replaced by Voisins), and soon found itself engaged in the Second Battle of Ypres. Its first operations were flown on 16 April 1915, with each aircraft carrying three 20-pound (9.1 kg) bombs. Tactical reconnaissance, artillery observation and bombing were its main duties, and on 12 May one aircraft made a particularly valuable reconnaissance, reporting a stream of enemy traffic moving through Valenciennes towards Douai and Lens, the first indication that the Germans were easing their pressure on Ypres and moving south for the battle of Festubert. No. 7 Squadron was then assigned to patrol the front lines between La Bassée and Lens, to provide cover for artillery observation aircraft during the battle of Loos. The squadron's awards list was opened on 15 July 1915 when Captain John Aidan Liddell won the Victoria Cross, bringing back his damaged aircraft despite being severely wounded. The squadron also had some success as a bomber unit, notably on a raid in September 1915 when Lieutenant M. G. Christie dropped two 112-pound (51 kg) bombs on the railway yard at Valenciennes from a height of 4,800 feet (1,500 m). His bombs hit two ammunition trains, both of which exploded, causing an immense amount of damage. Hoare finally handed over command of No. 7 Squadron to Major F. L. J. Cogan on 7 November 1915.


title: Cuthbert Hoare

text: In January 1917, Hoare was appointed Officer Commanding, Royal Flying Corps Canada, an organisation formed to recruit and train pilots and aircrew, with its main base at Camp Borden, near Barrie, Ontario. On 1 August, he was appointed brigade commander and became General Officer Commanding, with the temporary rank of brigadier-general. (His brother, Colonel Francis Hoare, served under him in charge of technical branch.) On 1 April 1918, the Army's Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) were merged to form the Royal Air Force, and Hoare was commissioned into the RAF with the same rank. On 3 June 1918, Hoare was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) "in recognition of distinguished services rendered in connection with the war", and also received another mention in despatches. By the time of the armistice of 11 November 1918 Hoare's organisation had trained 3,135 pilots and 137 observers, of whom 2,539 pilots and 85 observers had been sent overseas.


title: Pietrapelosa

text: Pietrapelosa is a few kilometers west of Buzet in a strategic location at the head of the Bračana valley. It is first mentioned in a document of 965 A.D. in a deed recording its gift by Rodaold, patriarch of Aquileia to the bishopric of Poreč. In the 13th century it was given to a family of German knights who assumed the name of the castle, "de Pietrapelosa". The castle was the seat of the Aquileian lieutenant governor of Istria. The Venetian commander Taddeo d'Este conquered the castle and abolished the secular rule of the patriarchs of Aquileia in 1421, with Istria being divided between the Republic of Venice and the Habsburg County of Pazin. The Venetian Council of Ten granted the castle to the nobleman Nicolò Gravisi in 1440, giving him the title if Marquis of Pietrapelosa. He renovated the castle for use as a summer residence. In 1635 a fire destroyed the interior of the castle, but it was restored and inhabited until the 18th century. The Gravis family owned the castle until the final abolition of the feudal system in 1869. They were the only aristocratic family in Koper to own such an estate.


title: R. M. Singh

text: Rahi Mohinder Singh started schooling at a government primary school in his native village Bharoli Kalan, distt. Pathankot, Punjab, India. Later, he went to a nearby town Pathankot for high school. He started painting in oil colours when he was in 7th standard. The very first painting, he recalls painting was a landscape on waste piece of plywood tea leave container box. He was introduced to canvas painting, later. In 1983, he got a chance to meet renowned artist Sobha Singh (painter) at Andretta, Himachal Pradesh. RM Singh remained a lifelong follower of Sobha Singh's works. Soon he became a child prodigy known for his art works among local art lover families of Pathankot. He participated in an exhibition, which was organised by a local convent school, where he sold off all his displayed works. For his further studies in art he went to New Delhi but finding the Delhi atmosphere not much to his taste, he returned and tried at Government College of Arts, Chandigarh. He completed his graduation in Fine Arts from this institute.


title: Jun Nishida

text: Nishida understood his creations as the results of organic processes, describing his ceramic works as "essentially copies of natural forms" and likening his practice to "how Mother Earth makes stones." His exploded forms are texturally diverse; smoothly glazed undulating surfaces suddenly transition into violent protrusions and untamed, jagged edges. When viewed up close, the surfaces recall icebergs, patterns in the soil, rock formations and other features of the natural landscape. Nishida embraced unpredictability as part of the artistic process, working against the pursuit of precision and coherence often associated with ceramics. Instead, he allowed the material to morph and come into its form through a combination of human and non-human forces. Even with the understanding of the works as organic and living entities, Nishida still treated his pieces with chemical interventions to stabilize their forms. These synthetic adhesives yellowed, crystallized, and become opaque over time, thus requiring intensive conservation work to not only maintain the structural form of the objects, but their surface quality and white appearances as well.: 93–94


title: Jun Nishida

text: To create these works, Nishida and his team created shell structures out of brick and sheet iron to fill the space of the kiln, which were then filled with potassium-feldspar glaze powder. Within this dry mass, Nishida inserted several pre-cast porcelain pieces in varied arrangements in differently sized and shaped containers; in Zetsu No. 3 (Museum of Modern Art, Wakayama) the porcelain slices are arranged in a tight spiral structure, resulting in a nautilus-like structure when cracked open, while Zetsu No. 2 (Museum of Contemporary Ceramic Art, Gifu) features a semicircular porcelain form enveloped by the powdered glaze, partially concealed within an ovoid structure. The pieces from this series are particularly massive among Nishida's oeuvre, many of them clocking in at over 1,000 kilograms. At times, Nishida had to break the kiln door and walls in order to excavate the works. Certain areas of the sculptures seem slippery to the touch, or even appear to be frozen in place while dripping or stretching across surfaces. Others are rough and powdery, articulated through sharp angles and chipped edges.


title: Resident Evil: Degeneration

text: Wired News criticized the "unrealistic animation, lame plot, and forced dialogue", noting that the film was "like a 90-minute-long videogame cut scene". Kim Newman of Empire magazine gave it 2 out of 5 and said fans might be pleased but newcomers won't care and should not start here. IGN also stated that the film "looks and feels like a 90-minute cut scene which isn't to say that the movie is bad—it's not—just that it lacks a clear identity or voice. It's worth watching, but probably not more than once." Matthew Reynolds from Den of Geek gave it 2 out of 5, and wrote "The gruesome Tyrant just about rescues this mild 90 minute cutscene from being entirely pointless" but concluded "it's tame action and absent plot will fail to please fans and outside spectators alike." Steve Barton of Dread Central gave it 2.5 out of 5. Comparing it to live-action Resident Evil films, he wrote that it was "sadly not much better" than them. Charles Cassady Jr of Common Sense Media gave the film 2 out of 5 stars. Cassady said that due to the CGI animation "you're rarely engaged with the story in the rudimentary degree you might were these flesh-and-blood actors." Chris Plante of UGO.com gave it a grade B, and wrote: "It's violent. It's canonical. It's a Resident Evil game made into a film, both for better and for worse, but above all else, it's a gory good time."


title: Crater Lake–Klamath Regional Airport

text: Until 1959, United Airlines Douglas DC-3s and Convair 340s served Klamath Falls; later West Coast Airlines flew Fairchild F-27s to cities in Oregon and California. West Coast merged with Bonanza Air Lines and Pacific Air Lines to form Air West which subsequently changed its name to Hughes Airwest and was then later merged into Republic Airlines. Air West and Hughes Airwest continued to serve the airport with F-27s. Hughes Airwest introduced the first jets, Douglas DC-9-10 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s, and was operating nonstop flights to Redding, CA and Redmond, OR as well as direct service to San Francisco, Seattle and Eugene, OR in 1980; successor Republic DC-9s continued to serve the airport with nonstop flights to Redding and Redmond as well as flying direct jet service to San Francisco, Seattle and Portland, OR in 1982 before ceasing serving Klamath Falls in 1983. United Airlines returned with Boeing 737 jets direct to San Francisco in March, 1986 but the service ended in November, 1987.


title: Gaultheria crassa

text: Gaultheria crassa is a small branched shrub which can grow up to 1–2 meters in height. The name crassa originates from the Latin term crassus, meaning thick, fleshy, dense or fat which is related to the characteristics of its leaves. These are thick with a narrow elliptical shape. Small in size, the leaves range from 10–15 mm long and 5–7 mm wide. The leaf margins, or edge, are subtly toothed with a rounded base. The leaves are browny green and form from the branchlets in an alternate arrangement. Petioles are short and red. Branches are pale green with both branches and stems covered in small and sparse black hairs. These hairs can be used to distinguish the species from its closest relative Gaultheria rupestris, which has a denser covering of hairs. Gualtheria crassa has pale white bell-shaped flowers with both the corolla and calyx being white. Individual flowers are around 3 mm in length and have tiny hairs covering the inside of the flower giving them a downy texture. These form in clusters on racemes. The racemes on Gaultheria crassa are generally 8 cm long. The clusters of flowers are found in the terminal position. They have a non-fleshy calyx with seeds forming from a dry capsule which are 2 mm in diameter and segmented into 5.


title: 2/9th Cavalry Commando Regiment (Australia)

text: After this the regiment was re-equipped, receiving Crusader and Stuart tanks to replace the Vickers and captured French tanks that they had previously been using. This had been done as a response to the increased threat posed by German armour in the theatre. In July 1942, the 9th Division was sent to help rectify the situation at El Alamein, where German and Italian troops were attacking. The 9th Division Cavalry Regiment was involved in the defence of the Alamein line during this phase, defending the divisional headquarters and supporting the defending infantry units in small scale raids. In October 1942, when the Allies launched an offensive, the regiment initially played only a minor part but later, after breakout had been achieved, it came into its own and led the Allied advance along the coastal plain, pursuing the withdrawing German and Italian forces and advancing over 20 miles (32 km) on 3 November alone. During the battle, Lieutenant Colonel William Muntz, who had previously served in the 7th Divisional Cavalry Regiment, took command of the regiment after Bastin fell sick, assuming command on 20 October 1942. Casualties during the regiment's involvement in the Middle East amounted to six killed in action, six died of wounds and one died of other causes. Its personnel received the following decorations for service during this time: one Officer of the Order of the British Empire, three Military Crosses, seven Military Medals, and 27 Mentions in Despatches.


text: In early 1943, the regiment was returned to Australia where, in April, it began to reorganise on the Atherton Tablelands in Queensland in preparation for jungle fighting against the Japanese. At this time the Australian Army was undergoing a period of restructuring as its strategic focus shifted towards concentrating upon fighting the war against the Japanese in the Pacific. As a part of this there was no need for divisional cavalry regiments; however, it was decided that the independent companies should be grouped together under a regimental structure, and in response the divisional cavalry regiments were broken up and their headquarters elements were used to administer the commando squadrons. Three such units were formed at this time, with the 9th Division Cavalry Regiment adopting the title of the "2/9th Cavalry (Commando) Regiment" in January 1944. The subordinate squadrons that were attached to it were the 2/4th, 2/11th and 2/12th Commando Squadrons. Following this the regiment continued to undertake training on the Atherton Tablelands in preparation for operations in the Southwest Pacific. In the end, however, it was over a year before the regiment saw action again, taking part in the landings at Tarakan, and in northern Borneo in mid-1945 in one of the final campaigns of the war.


title: Money burning

text: The question of legality has been compared to the much more politically charged issue of flag desecration. It can be argued that the desecration of the flag is comparable to the desecration of a photograph of Legal Tender (provided it was modified as to not violate counterfeiting laws). In 1989, in a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on the Flag Protection Act, William Barr testified that any regulation protecting something purely for its symbolic value would be struck down as unconstitutional. The Senate report recommending passage of the Act argued that Barr's theory would render 18 U.S.C. § 333 unconstitutional as well. In a dissent in Smith v. Goguen, Justice Rehnquist counted 18 U.S.C. § 333 in a group of statutes in which the Government protects its interest in some private property which is "not a traditional property interest". On the other hand, the Government's interest in protecting circulating currency might not be purely symbolic; it costs the Bureau of Engraving and Printing approximately 5 cents to replace a note.


title: Eden Electronics

text: The Nemesis series amps were different from the World Tour series of amps in that they had an entirely FET solid state pre-amp as well as amplifier and one semi-parametric EQ control along with the standard bass, mid, and treble shelving controls. Most of the Eden WT series used a hybrid pre-amp with both tube and solid-state components and a solid-state amplifier. There were three completely solid-state WT amps (WT330, WT390, and WT405) that used a "Golden Ear" chip to get the warmth found in the hybrid World Tours. The Nemesis did not have that chip. The Nemesis amps still achieved the same clarity of sound that their much more expensive World Tour series did but, lacking the tube or the Golden Ear chip in the pre-amp circuitry, did not have the warmth of the World Tour series. The new Nemesis amps used a blue face instead of the well-known gold face of the WT series and were known as the NA series (Nemesis Amp) in both heads and combos. They were very articulate amplifiers and became popular with the "touch bass" crowd, which needed the articulation more than the warmth, as well as a lot of rock bands, which also did not miss the warmth but needed the clarity.


title: Eden Electronics

text: The Nemesis series cabs were different than any cabs made before as they were constructed from a cellulose composite material and were lighter than the D-series cabinets. They also had lower power handling capabilities. They were sonically designed for use with the Nemesis amps and were also offered in a wide range of combos. Although they were still manufactured and sold, the Nemesis line did not appear in the Eden catalog again until 2005 when some changes were made to the EQ section of the Nemesis line. 2007 heralded the introduction of the Nemesis RS series combos, which offered Edge control to add tube-style grit (noticeable at high gain/high volumes), pre-/post-EQ selector for the DI output, footswitch for enhance bypass and mute functions, and changed the cabinets back to void-free plywood construction from the cellulose composite material. The following year the RS-series heads became available separately as the RS-400 (400 watts at 4 ohms) and the RS-700 (700 watts at 2 ohms). This Nemesis RS series was specifically designed "with rock bassist firmly in mind...to address the needs of players who want an aggressive, mix-cutting sound." They all featured a black face with a large, blue, backlit Nemesis logo across the top of the amp face. 2007 was also the last year the blue-faced Nemesis NA amplifiers were sold.


title: Chhota Bheem and the Curse of Damyaan (2012 film)

text: In Dholakpur, Princess Indumati and a few other children are kidnapped by Mangal Singh. Chhota Bheem arrives and saves the children Meanwhile, Jaggu, Dholu-Bholu, Raju, Chutki and Kalia are planning their Bheem's secret birthday party while Damyaan, a demon who was granted immortality by the Book of Magi along with a curse that he would be confined to the city of Sonapur, wants to escape from this confinement and get back his power and kingdom. Damyaan's minister, Skandi hijacks and loots trade convoy headed for Dholakpur and meets King Indravarma, who assigned the delivery of the convoy. Bheem suspects Skandi and the rest of his gang, before he can speak to Indravarma, Skandi reveals about the depleting treasury of Dholakpur and the hidden treasures of Sonapur, thus luring him. In reality, he wants to trick Indravarma to release Damyaan. Indravarma agrees to leave for the city in search of that hidden treasure. Despite being warned by the gypsies, he begins the journey, along with Bheem and his friends. After reaching the city, the king unknowingly sets Damyaan free through the great demon entrance.


text: Damyaan captures the king, along with Bheem and his friends in the prison. Bheem manages to set his friends free through his wit and strength, where he meets Singhala, who reveals that the only way to free the prisoners from Damyaan's capture is defeating Damyaan by destroying the Book of Magi. Singhala sends them back in time where the while trying to find the Book of Magi. A fight ensues, in which Dholu-Bholu are turned into frogs. Bheem somehow manages to defeat the guards and dons their clothes along with his friends and enters Sonapur pretending to be a bunch of Kaalsainiks. Soon another group of Kaalsainiks arrive and a sweet shop owner named Gulabchand figures out that Bheem and his team are not Kaalsainiks and manages to save the group. In the process, Bheem is wounded and faints while passing through the magical door. Upon regaining consciousness, he observes that Dholu-Bholu have regained their respective human forms. The sage who saves them, Guru Sambhu, tells them that despite being brave and strong, they cannot defeat Damyaan without magic. He then takes them to a magical place and teaches magic to the group. After completing their class on magic, he provides them with powers: Raju gets a magical bow and arrow which never misses its aim; Chutki gets two magical trees; Jaggu gets a bunch of magical stinging bananas; Kalia gets the power to become invisible; Dholu and Bholu get the power to replicate themselves and Bheem gets an hymn to seize the power of the enemy which was not decoded till date.


title: Fenwood, Wisconsin

text: In 1911, the R. Connor Company of Marshfield, with its Marathon County mill located at Stratford, set to work clear- ing two sections of land four miles southeast of the village. This project, no doubt, had much to do in checking the out- ward flow of workmen and gave fresh energy to the entire community. A spur track extending from the mainline to Connor's woods provided an easy and rapid means of trans- porting logs from camp to the mill. The cut of 1913 climaxed the Connor harvest at this location and that season, two million feet of logs were decked at one time at their rollway. For several years more timbers were hauled into Fenwood from a 500-acre tract. This work was contracted by John Wetterau and was finished in 1928. These intermittent and spasmodic shipments marked the ex- piration of the industry which had given birth to the village. At one time the Chrouser Saw and Tie Mill was also in operation in Fenwood. This mill was operated by George Chrouser from 1908 until the late 1920s. The Fenwood mill was a branch of the Chrouser mill in Stratford. It consisted mainly in making ties for the railroad and custom sawing for area people. In the early 1900s, Fenwood was a booming lumber town. Proof of Fenwood's past prominence as a lumbering center is mutely evidenced today by unused and unusable logging roads. These keep an endless vigil against a time, never to come, when again one can hear the droning music of a saw punctuated by staccato notes as steel meets steel, in the rhythmic swings of lumberjacks, the dying symphony of the north woods. (This history of Fenwood was compiled by Lillian Bau- man using many histories and newspaper articles from area newspapers.) Early Fenwood. Photograph on loan from Delbert Wetterau. _URL_


title: John Casper

text: STS-54 launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 13, 1993, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour. A crew of five successfully accomplished the primary objectives of this six-day mission, including deploying a $200 million NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-F), which joined four other satellites to complete a national communications network supporting Space Shuttle and other low-Earth orbit scientific satellites. A Diffuse X-Ray Spectrometer (DXS) carried in the payload bay collected X-ray data to enable investigators to answer questions about the origin of X-rays in the Milky Way galaxy. A highly successful extravehicular activity (EVA) resulted in many lessons learned that benefited the International Space Station assembly. The flight was also the first to shut down and restart a fuel cell in flight, successfully demonstrating another Space Station application. Casper landed Endeavour at the Kennedy Space Center on January 19, 1993, after 96 Earth orbits covering over 2.5 million miles. Mission duration was 143 hours and 38 minutes.


title: John Casper

text: STS-62 was a two-week microgravity research mission aboard Space Shuttle Columbia. Its primary payloads were the United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-2) and the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST-2) payloads. These payloads included experiments to understand the process of semiconductor crystal growth, investigating the process of metal alloys as they solidify, studying materials at their critical point (where they exist as both a liquid and gas), and testing new technology for use on future spacecraft, such as advanced solar arrays, radiators, heat sinks, and radiation shielding. The flight also tested new technology for aligning the Remote Manipulator System arm and for grasping payloads with a new magnetic end effector. Columbia flew at a record low altitude of 195 km (105 nautical miles) to gather data on spacecraft glow and erosion caused by atomic oxygen and nitrogen molecules. Casper landed Columbia at the Kennedy Space Center after 224 Earth orbits and 5.82 million miles.


title: Choe Jae-u

text: It is known that he was born in North Hamgyong Province in 1913. In 1948, he served as an executive director of the North Hamgyong Provincial Party Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, and in 1954 he became the manager of the Chongjin Steel Works. In April 1957, he was appointed vice-chairman of the National Planning Commission of the Cabinet. In September 1957, he was appointed Vice Minister of Machinery Industry, and on February 13, 1958, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, he was appointed as the new Minister of Machinery Industry, succeeding Cheng Il-ryong. On September 7, 1958, along with Kim Eung-gi, Kim Eung-sang, Lee Byeong-nam, Park Moon-gyu, Park Se-chang, Yoo Cheol-mok, Jeong Jeong-eon, and Choi Jae-ha, he was awarded the Second Class of the Order of the National Flag on the occasion of the 10th Anniversary of the founding of North Korea. He probably had a good track record in the heavy industry sector. In November 1958, he served as a member of the funeral committee of Ryu Kyung-su.


title: Choe Jae-u

text: On April 4, 1960, as the Ministry of Machinery Industry, the Ministry of Metal Industry, and the Ministry of Power and Chemical Industry were merged into the Heavy Industry Committee, he was appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Heavy Industry Committee. In August 1961, he served as the President of the Academic Affairs Department of Kim Il-sung University and as the Chairman of the Geodetic and Geophysical Committee of the Academy of Sciences. In September 1961, he was elected as a candidate member of the Central Committee at the 4th party congress. On April 21, 1962, he returned to the Cabinet when he was appointed as the first secretary-general of the cabinet. In August 1965, he served as a member of the funeral committee of Jang Young-Chang Kang. In November 1967, he was appointed deputy to the 4th Supreme People's Assembly and head of the First Secretariat of the Cabinet. In January 1969, he served as a commissioner for Kim Gap-sun, and in March 1969, he served as a commissioner for Kim Tae-geun. In November 1970, he was promoted to a member of the Central Committee at the 5th Party Congress, and on March 25, 1971, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of the cabinet.


title: Zhanna Yorkina

text: In December 1961, the selection of female cosmonaut trainees was authorized by the Soviet government, with the specific intention of ensuring the first woman in space was a Soviet citizen. In February 1962, Yorkina was selected as a member of a group of five female cosmonauts to be trained for a solo spaceflight in a Vostok spacecraft. She was selected to be a cosmonaut on 4 March 1962. She was approved by the Soviet Medical Commission on 3 April 1962. Her hobby of parachuting led her to be a cosmonaut candidate. She was a club parachutist at Ryazan while also working as a high school language teacher. At the age of 22, she was asked by the Soviet government if she would be willing to take a test, though they misled her explaining if she passed the test she would get to jump from a ship. Later, she discovered that she would actually be jumping from a spaceship. Like several others in the group, she was an amateur parachutist. Being a qualified parachutist was almost a qualifying skill during the screening process. While at the time it was considered to be a classified reason, it was later revealed that due to the early models of Soviet spacecraft, it required the cosmonauts to be ejected from their capsules and deploy a parachute to land separately from the spacecraft. In order to meet the qualifications and rigors for the space program, the female candidates also needed to be less than 30 years old, under 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) and less than 70 kg (154 lb).


title: People of Praise

text: The overall Catholic charismatic renewal had begun in the United States in 1967 and saw Pentecostal religious experience and practices such as baptism in the Holy Spirit and speaking in tongues embraced by members of the Catholic Church. People of Praise became involved with the international body of the Renewal movement is the International Catholic Charismatic Renewal Services, located first in Brussels and later in Rome. They have also worked ecumenically through participation in the International Charismatic Consultation, the Charismatic Concerns Committee, the Charismatic Leaders Fellowship and, more recently, in the Rome-based Gathering in the Holy Spirit. Members also served with Cardinal Josef Suenens in drafting of Malines Documents I and II, and with Father Kilian McDonnell, in the writing of Fanning the Flame. These documents have contributed to the articulation and understanding of charismatic renewal and its place in the Catholic Church. They have also contributed to an understanding of how this movement can be understood by members of Protestant denominations of Christianity.


title: People of Praise

text: Therefore, we covenant ourselves to live our lives together in Christ, our Lord, by the power of his spirit. We agree to be a basic Christian community, to find within our fellowship the essential core of our life in the spirit, in worship and the sacraments, spiritual and moral guidance, service, and apostolic activity. We accept the order of this community, which the Lord is establishing with all the ministry gifts of the Holy Spirit, especially with the foundational ministry gifts of apostles, pastors, prophets, teachers, and evangelists. We agree to obey the direction of the Holy Spirit manifested in and through these ministries in full harmony with the Church. We recognize in the covenant a unique relationship one to another and between the individual and the community. We accept the responsibility for mutual care, concern, and ministry among ourselves. We will serve one another and the community as a whole in all needs: spiritual, material, financial. We agree that the weekly meeting of the community is primary among our commitments and that we will not be absent except for a serious reason.


title: People of Praise

text: Spiritual direction is an important part of People of Praise intentional community, which takes the form of headships or lay-pastoral counselling; according to anthropologist Thomas Csordas, "individual members are supervised in their daily lives by a person regarded as more 'spiritually mature.'" Pastoral care is considered an important service within the community; it is believed to foster relationships of love, service and charismatic ministry.: 15. Each member has someone called a "head", who acts as a personal adviser. Influenced by Ignatian spirituality (the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola), heads, in general, give encouragement, correction, and help in decision-making. Men have other men as their heads. Married women are headed by their husbands. Single women and widows usually have other women as their heads. Men and women with the appropriate skills are assigned as heads by the coordinators. People of Praise uses the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola as a basis for counsel and discernment.


title: People of Praise

text: In much of community life, men and women work together without distinction. Both men and women prophesy and exhort at community meetings, teach together in the community sponsored schools, serve together as counselors at community camps, or as members or heads of music ministries, and evangelize together in inner cities. Still, there are some significant distinctions in the roles of men and women. As noted above, women are not able to be coordinators. The community, which refers to itself as a "family of families," sees this patriarchal tradition as following the biblical model of the family. Men and women meet separately each week in small groups called 'men's groups' or 'women's groups.' The purpose is to build deeper relationships as brothers and sisters in Christ by discussing their lives and other issues with the goal of gaining wisdom, deepening friendships, and encouraging one another to be faithful to God. Traditional roles are reinforced by encouraging men to do most of the heavier physical work involved when a family is moving to a new home or re-roofing a house, and when setting up for meetings and similar tasks. Women are encouraged to provide food and childcare and run an effective household. However, these distinctions are not absolute. For example, women have also labored side by side with men in the construction work involved in the community's Allendale outreach.


title: People of Praise

text: Trinity Schools is a group of schools founded by People of Praise which teaches middle school and high school age children. While the schools operate as an independent nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization, the goals and procedures are influenced by the approach of the People of Praise. Trinity Schools provide a Classical Christian education heavily influenced by elements of Christian humanism for grades six through twelve. The schools follow an academic core curriculum which includes six years of mathematics, five years of science, 11 semesters of writing, six years of literature, around eight semesters of an ancient language such as Latin, and two semesters of a foreign language. Students also take one full year and two years of partial courses in music, drawing, and painting and two semesters of drama. The schools are ecumenical Christian. On its website Trinity School (in each of its three instances) is self-described as "an ecumenical Christian school witnessing to the fundamental unity of all who are baptized into Christ." Students take 5 semesters of scriptural studies (through an ecumenical Christian approach) and either a Catholic or Protestant doctrine course. Trinity Schools maintain small classes with single-sex instruction except in a few key courses such as drama, art, and foreign languages. The schools teach the theory of evolution, that marriage is only between opposite sexes, and to observe chastity until and throughout marriage.


title: Tenryū Saburō

text: Tenryū became one of the leader of the Shunjuen Incident that broke out on January 6, 1932. One day after the January banzuke release, 32 Dewanoumi ichimon (clan) wrestlers gathered at a Chinese restaurant named Shunjuen, located in Tokyo's Oimachi district. They demanded full scale reforms from the Japan Sumo Association to improve the wrestlers living conditions. Subsequently, a number of sekitori from a non-Dewanoumi ichimon, including then sekiwake Minanogawa, joined the protest. The Association was faced with an unprecedented crisis never before seen in the history of professional sumo and responded quickly to the group's demands, but their responses were considered to be half-hearted and lacking in substance, and eventually, the negotiations collapsed.Some theories attribute the launch of the strike due to Tenryū's bitterness from being passed over for ōzeki promotion in favor of his rival. Musashiyama was in fact promoted before Tenryū (from komusubi straight to ōzeki) in the January 1932 tournament while Tenryū remained sekiwake for six consecutive tournament despite having a winning record in each. Just like his comrade Ōnosato Mansuke, Tenryū cut off his ōichōmage top knot and founded with the secessionists the Kansai Sumo Association (Kansai Kakuryoku Kyokai, 関西角力協会) in which he devoted himself as a director. Due to financial problems, the association was however dissolved at the end of 1937.


title: Windsor, Ontario

text: Summers are hot and humid, with a July mean temperature of 23.2 °C (74 °F) (the highest such mean in Canada, with amongst the warmest summer nights in the country) although the humidex (combined feel of temperature and humidity) reaches 30 or higher on 70 days in an average summer; the highest recorded humidex in Ontario of 52.1 °C (125.8 °F), occurred on June 20, 1953. Thunderstorms are common during summer and occur on average 32 days per year, some of them severe with high winds, heavy rainfall, flooding, intense lightning, hail and less often, tornadic activity Winters are generally cold with a January mean temperature of −3.6 °C (25.5 °F). Windsor is not in the traditional lake-effect snow belts but occasionally sees lake-effect snow that originates over Lake Michigan. Snow cover is intermittent throughout the winter; on average, there are 46 days each year with measurable snow falling. There are typically three to five major snowfalls each winter. Windsor has the highest number of days per year with lightning, haze, and daily maximum humidex over 30 °C (86 °F) of cities in Canada. Windsor is also home to Canada's warmest fall, with the highest mean temperatures for September, October and November. Precipitation is generally well-distributed throughout the year. There are, on average, 2,261 sunshine hours per year in Windsor.


title: Windsor, Ontario

text: The Windsor trail network is linked to the LaSalle Trail in the west end and is to eventually be connected to the Chrysler Canada Greenway (part of the Trans Canada Trail). The current greenway is a 42 km (26 mi) former railway corridor converted into a multi-use recreational trail, underground utility corridor and natural green space. It begins south of Oldcastle and continues south through McGregor, Harrow, Kingsville, and Ruthven. The Greenway is a fine trail for hiking, biking, running, birding, cross-country skiing and, in some areas, horseback riding. It connects natural areas, rich agricultural lands, historically and architecturally significant structures, and award-winning wineries. A separate 5 km (3.1 mi) landscaped trail traverses the riverfront between downtown and the Ambassador Bridge. Part of this trail winds through Windsor Sculpture Park, which displays various modern and post-modern sculptures. Families of elephants (see picture), penguins, horses, and many other themed sculptures are found in the park. Some other popular exhibits include the Chicken and Egg, Consophia, and Eve's Apple.


title: Windsor, Ontario

text: Windsor's history as an industrial centre has given the New Democratic Party (NDP) a dedicated voting base. During federal and provincial elections, Windsorites have maintained their local representation in the respective legislatures. The Liberal Party of Canada also has a solid electoral history in the city. Canada's 21st Prime Minister, Paul Martin, was born in Windsor. His father, Paul Martin Sr., a federal cabinet minister in several portfolios through the Liberal governments of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, was first elected to the House of Commons from a Windsor riding in the 1930s. Martin Sr. practised law in the city and the federal building on Ouellette Avenue is named after him. Eugene Whelan was a Liberal cabinet minister and one-time Liberal party leadership candidate elected from Essex County from the 1960s to the early 1980s, as well as Mark MacGuigan of Windsor-Walkerville riding, who also served as External Affairs, and later Justice minister in the early 1980s. Deputy Prime Minister Herb Gray represented Windsor as an MP from 1962 through 2003, winning thirteen consecutive elections, making him the longest-serving MP in Canadian history. A bust of Herb Gray is at the foot of Ouellette Avenue near Dieppe Park in downtown Windsor. The Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway is named after him.


title: Windsor, Ontario

text: The majority of development in the city of Windsor and the neighbouring town of Tecumseh stretches along the water instead of inland. As a result, there is a lack of major east–west arteries compared to north–south arteries. Only Riverside Drive, Wyandotte Street, Tecumseh Road, County Road 42/Cabana Road and the E.C. Row Expressway serve the almost 30 km (19 mi) from the west end of Windsor eastward. All of these roads, especially the E.C. Row Expressway, are burdened with east–west commuter traffic from the development in the city's east end and suburbs further east. There are eight north–south roads interchanging with the expressway: Huron Church Road, Dominion Boulevard, Dougall Avenue, Howard Avenue, Walker Road, Central Avenue, Jefferson Boulevard, and Lauzon Parkway. Traffic backups on some of these north–south roads at the E.C. Row Expressway are common, mainly at Dominion, Dougall, Howard, and Walker as the land south of the expressway and east of Walker is occupied by Windsor airport and there has been little development.


title: Windsor, Ontario

text: On April 9, 2010, the City of Windsor, along with local cabinet ministers Dwight Duncan and Sandra Pupatello of the Province of Ontario, announced a final decision had been made in the plans to construct the Windsor-Essex Parkway, the new Highway 401 extension leading to a future crossing. The announcement indicated the project would be the most expensive road ever built in Canada on a per kilometre basis. It included commitments to enhance green space design through the use of berming, landscaping, and other aesthetic treatments. As part of negotiations with the City of Windsor (who threatened legal action in pursuit of more tunnelling and green space of the route), the province agreed to additional funding to infrastructure projects in Windsor-Essex; this includes money for the improvement of the plaza of the Canadian side of the Windsor-Detroit tunnel, the widening and other improvements of Walker Rd between Division Rd and E.C. Row Expressway, and the environmental assessment and preliminary design of a future extension of Lauzon Parkway to Highway 401.


title: James Ross (physician)

text: Ross was the third son of John Ross, a farmer, was born at Kingussie in the highlands of Scotland on 11 January 1837. He was sent to the parish school of Laggan, and thence to the Normal College for Teachers in Edinburgh, but soon went to study medicine at Aberdeen, where he graduated M.B. and C.M. with the highest honours in 1863, and M.D. in 1864. He made two voyages to Greenland in a whaler, practised as an assistant for two years, and then began general practice at Newchurch in Rossendale, Lancashire. He attained considerable success in the district. He wrote articles in the 'Practitioner,' and published in 1869 'On Counter Irritation,' in 1872 'The Graft Theory of Disease, being an Application of Mr. Darwin's Hypothesis of Pangenesis to the Explanation of the Phenomena of the Zymotic Diseases,' and in 1874 'On Protoplasm, being an Examination of Dr. James Hutchinson Sterling's criticism of Professor Huxley's Views,' all essays of considerable ingenuity, but somewhat involved in statement. In April 1876 he removed to Manchester, and in August was appointed pathologist to the infirmary. Though late in beginning the practical work of pathology, he laboured in the post-mortem room with all the enthusiasm of youth, and in October 1878 was elected assistant physician to the infirmary. In 1881 he published 'A Treatise on the Diseases of the Nervous System,' in two large volumes, of which a second edition appeared in 1883. He begins by a classification of these diseases into three groups, Æsthesioneuroses, Kinesioneuroses, and Trophoneuroses, or changes of sensation, of motion, and of nutrition, and then describes the diseases of the several regions of the nervous system in detail. The book contains much recent information on the subject, and some original observations and hypotheses. It was the first large modern textbook in English on its subject and was widely read. It led to his election as a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1882. In 1885 he wrote a shorter 'Handbook of Diseases of the Nervous System,' which appeared in America, and in 1887 an essay on 'Aphasia.' He was elected professor of medicine in Owens College, Manchester, in 1887; and in 1888 became physician to the infirmary. In 1890 his last illness, which proved to be due to cancer of the stomach, began, and he died in Manchester on 25 February 1892. Besides numerous papers in medical journals and transactions on nervous diseases, he published in 1888 an address on evolution and in 1889 one on technical education He married, in 1869, Miss Bolton, niece of his predecessor in practice at Newchurch.


title: Johan Conrad Huusher

text: Huusher was married to the actress Amalie Huusher and brother-in-law of the actors Wilhelmine Franck and Doris Bigum . He came to Norway in 1827 as a member of his brother-in-law Peder Lauritzen Bigum's theatre company. On Bigum's death in 1828, he took over the management of the company, which played an important role in contemporary Norwegian professional theatre, which at that time was almost entirely dominated by travelling Danish theatre companies. The company was active in Bergen with Julius Olsen in 1828 and 1829. He was the manager of the theatre company which staffed the Trøndelag Teater in 1829–1831, which had previously been used only by the local amateur theatre company and thus effectively founded the city's first permanent theatre. The building had previously only been used by Det Dramatiske Selskab, and he thereby created the first professional public theatre in the city and that part of Norway. Many major figures of the contemporary Norwegian theatre were employed in his company. He was succeeded by one of his actors, Carl Wilhelm Orlamundt, and Huusher was then active in Drammen.


title: Jovan Monasterlija

text: Jovan Monasterlija, who was appointed as captain of Serbian Militia in 1690, recruited Serbs into his units in the summer of 1690 on the southern border of the Austrian Empire. The Austrian retreat from Kosovo prompted the Great Migration of the Serbs, under the leadership of Serbian Patriarch Arsenije III. On 11 April 1691, he was appointed the commander of the Serbian Militia (which came to be known as "Monasterlija's Serbs"), after Serbs demanded their own leaders while going to battle. His command was of more than 10,000 volunteer Serb soldiers, and was to be under the direct supervision of the Aulic War Council. The Serbian soldiers were highly regarded by Leopold. During the Battle of Slankamen on August 19, 1691, Serbian Militia with 10,000 Serbs under the command of Jovan Monasterlija participated in the important victory over Ottoman forces. When Austrian forces supported by Serbian Militia captured Oradea from Ottomans in the spring of 1692, the seat of the Serbian Militia's headquarter became Baja.


title: Erasmus Montanus

text: A village street showing Jeppe's house. Jeppe, with a letter in his hand.Jeppe. "It is a shame that the deacon is not in town, for there's so much Latin in my son's letter that I can't understand. Tears come to my eyes when I think that a poor peasant's son has got so much book-learning, especially as we aren't tenants of the university. I have heard from people who know about learning that he can dispute with any clergyman alive. Oh, if only my wife and I could have the joy of hearing him preach on the hill, before we die, we shouldn't grudge all the money we have spent on him! I can see that Peer the deacon doesn't much relish the idea of my son's coming. I believe that he is afraid of Rasmus Berg. It is a terrible thing about these scholarly people. They are so jealous of each other, and no one of them can endure the thought that another is as learned as he. The good man preaches fine sermons here in the village and can talk about envy so that the tears come to my eyes; but it seems to me that he isn't entirely free from that fault himself. I can't understand why it should be so. If any one said that a neighbor of mine understood farming better than I, should I take that to heart? Should I hate my neighbor for that? No, indeed, Jeppe Berg would never do such a thing. But if here isn't Peer the deacon!"


title: Alfonso Reyes

text: Many of his friends insisted that he was a natural in Spanish and should pursue a career in politics, but he declined to do so. One time he was presented with an offer to teach, but he rejected it. He was more interested in the aesthetics of Benedetto Croce. He published numerous essays about poetry of the Spanish Golden Age, such as Baroque y Góngora; on top of that he was one of the first writers to study poetry of Juana Inés de la Cruz. From 1917 he produced Cartones de Madrid, his small masterpiece, Visión de Anáhuac, El suicida, and in 1921, El cazador. He was a collaborator of Revista de Filología Española, Revista de Occidente and Revue Hispanique. His works about Spanish literature, older classical literature and aesthetics are notable, and among the more notable of that time, Cuestiones estéticas . In Spain he organized a ceremony on 11 September 1923 at the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (Real Botanical Garden of Madrid) to honor the memory of the symbolic poet Stéphane Mallarmé.


title: H & J Smith

text: H & J Smith took over the longstanding Dunedin department store Arthur Barnett in 2015 and operated this store until January 2021. The history of the Dunedin store dates back to 1903 as Arthur Barnett's flagship store. The Dunedin Arthur Barnett store building was remodelled into Dunedin's Meridian Mall between 1995 and 1997 with Arthur Barnett the anchor tenant in the Meridian Mall. At its prime, Arthur Barnett operated 5 stores across Otago. By the time of purchase, it had declined to a store in Dunedin and an online store. The online store was reformatted into H&J's first foray into online retailing. Arthur Barnett was sold to H & J Smith in June 2015 and after a short period continuing under its original name, store was rebranded to align with H&J's other department stores. At the time of the H&J Smith takeover a section of the store was sub-leased to ToyWorld Dunedin, this arrangement had been in place since 2010 when the local franchise holder relocated from a ToyWorld store on Dunedin's Vogel street to a section of Arthur Barnett. This agreement came to an end in 2018 and the ToyWorld store closed with the section replaced with H&J Smith's toy department. Following the rebrand from Arthur Barnett to H&J Smith the cafe was rebranded as Mooch Cafe, the same as the Invercargill store.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: The 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season was their 52nd season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as well as their 27th season at the Talking Stick Resort Arena, later being considered the last season playing under that name. At the conclusion of their previous season, the Suns made James Jones the team's permanent general manager, with co-interim general manager Trevor Bukstein returning to his prior assistant general manager role. With a 19–63 season over, their entire coaching staff, including head coach Igor Kokoškov, was dismissed on April 23, 2019. After a quick head coaching search, the Suns hired former New Orleans Hornets/Pelicans head coach and Philadelphia 76ers assistant coach Monty Williams as the team's new head coach on May 3, later completing their new coaching staff on June 26. After the first seven games, despite an early 25-game long suspension to star center Deandre Ayton, the Suns had their best start to a season since the 2013–14 season, and best point differential since the 2004–05 season.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: The season was suspended by the league officials following the games completed on March 11 after it was reported that Rudy Gobert (and a referee by proxy) tested positive for COVID-19. During that time, the Suns put up their best record in the last five seasons at 26–39. The suspension continued all the way until July 30, with the NBA agreeing to reopen the league under a modified system behind closed doors for the best 22 teams (including the Suns) this season through a 29-1 majority vote by the NBA and a unanimous vote by the NBPA. The Suns had a shot to advance to the playoffs for the first time since the 2009-10 NBA season by reaching the Western Conference's 8th seed via this season's play-in tournament as a Seed 9 and winning the tournament there. However, their chances before that point were hurt with not only Kelly Oubre Jr. announcing he would no longer play for the rest of the season, but two other Suns players (later revealed to be Aron Baynes and Ricky Rubio, though it eventually turned into four or five different players) later confirmed to test positive for COVID-19 before the season resumed. Despite playing without key players Kelly Oubre Jr. and Aron Baynes in the resumed season, the Suns won all 8 games in the 2020 NBA Bubble, not only being the only undefeated team in the NBA bubble, but also reaching the 30-win barrier for the first time since the 2014–15 season. Still, despite them going undefeated there (having their best winning streak to end a season ever at 8 wins in a row), they would miss the playoffs for a decade straight due to the Memphis Grizzlies having the tiebreaker over Phoenix after beating the Oklahoma City Thunder and Milwaukee Bucks there, as well as the Portland Trail Blazers barely making it as the new Seed 8 of the play-in tournament, winning 134–133 over the Brooklyn Nets.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: On April 22, 2019, the Suns fired head coach Igor Kokoškov after only one season with the team, despite giving him a three-year deal, later firing the rest of the coaching staff the following day. After this period, the Suns interviewed former New Orleans Hornets/Pelicans head coach and Philadelphia 76ers assistant coach Monty Williams and Portland Trail Blazers assistant coaches Nate Tibbetts and David Vanterpool. Monty Williams agreed to a five-year deal to coach the Suns on May 3, which became effective on May 12 at the conclusion of the 76ers' playoff run against the eventual 2019 NBA Finals champions, the Toronto Raptors. After a lengthy interviewing process with multiple assistant coach candidates, the Suns announced their new coaching staff on June 26, with Willie Green of the Golden State Warriors, Darko Rajaković and Mark Bryant of the Oklahoma City Thunder, Brooklyn Nets scout Randy Ayers, Larry Greer of the Minnesota Timberwolves, and Portland Trail Blazers on-court assistant Steve Blake being named assistant coaches; Gonzaga University's director of analysis Riccardo Fois and Philadelphia 76ers player development specialist Ben Strong were also named player development coaches.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: On July 16, 2020, during the team's stay in Orlando, Florida for the resumed season, the Suns released an updated coaching staff for the franchise during not just the rest of this season, but also intended for entering their next season as well. In this updated coaching staff, the Suns confirmed the official firings of both Steve Blake and Larry Greer from the team. Both coaches were laid off sometime between June 1, the time where the NBA's coaches made their stand on the murder of George Floyd, and July 7, the beginning of their official trip out to Orlando for the rest of their season. Furthermore, the Suns also announced the promotion of Riccardo Fois to being the director of player development, as well as the hiring of both Ryan Frazier as head video coordinator and former Austin Spurs and San Antonio Spurs assistant coach William Donovan III as the assistant video coordinator. Despite the sudden change before the restart, the Suns still finished their restart with a perfect run in the resumed season.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: Entering the night of the 2019 NBA draft, the Suns held just one first-round pick and one second-round pick. With the new lottery projections, the Suns were one of three teams with the best overall odds for a top-4 pick alongside the New York Knicks and Cleveland Cavaliers. Due to them having a tied record with the Cavaliers at the end of last season, a tiebreaker coin-flip to determine which team acquired the second-best odds for a top pick in the draft was held. The Suns lost the tiebreaker, resulting in them getting the third-best odds at #1 with a chance to fall as far back as pick #7. The tiebreaker also flipped for the second-round picks; Phoenix received the #32 pick while the Philadelphia 76ers via Cleveland received the #33 pick. At the night of the draft lottery, the Suns fell to #6, the furthest a team with the third-best odds had fallen in the NBA draft lottery as of this season, as well as the worst drop-off a team with less than 20 wins received after a season. Phoenix also held a chance to acquire the Milwaukee Bucks' first-round pick the prior season, though it would not be acquired via the Bucks having the best regular-season record that season.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: On draft night, the Suns agreed to three separate trades, each involving different teams, which were all made official on July 6, 2019. The first trade involved trading small forward T. J. Warren to the Indiana Pacers and their second-round pick of the draft (which became small forward KZ Okpala of Stanford University) to the Miami Heat for cash considerations from Indiana for the purpose of opening up their salary cap in free agency. Their second trade had the Suns trade the 6th pick of the draft (which became shooting guard Jarrett Culver from Texas Tech University) to the Minnesota Timberwolves in exchange for power forward Dario Šarić and Minnesota's own first-round pick at #11. That selection became forward Cameron Johnson from the University of North Carolina, who became an All-ACC First Team member in the 2018–19 season. Johnson later became an efficient bench player for most of the season before performing as a capable starting power forward in the 2020 NBA Bubble. With their final trade, the Suns agreed to trade away the Milwaukee Bucks' future first-round pick (which was the 30th pick of next season's draft) to the Boston Celtics in exchange for center Aron Baynes and the 24th pick of the draft (which was earlier owned by the Philadelphia 76ers), point guard Ty Jerome from the University of Virginia. Jerome was an All-ACC Third Team member in 2018 before being an All-ACC Second Team member in 2019 and winning the 2019 NCAA tournament with Virginia. They also agreed to a partially guaranteed deal with Brewster Academy postgraduate student Jalen Lecque after the draft as an undrafted player, signing his deal alongside the other rookies on July 6, 2019.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: On June 30, Utah Jazz point guard Ricky Rubio agreed to a three-year deal worth $51 million to become the Suns' newest starting point guard, which was signed on July 8. The next day, both Troy Daniels and Richaun Holmes agreed to new deals to join the Los Angeles Lakers and Sacramento Kings, respectively. Charlotte Hornets power forward/center Frank Kaminsky III also agreed to a two-year deal worth $10 million later that day, which was later signed on July 17. On July 3, the Suns agreed to trade Josh Jackson, De'Anthony Melton, and two second-round picks to the Memphis Grizzlies for guards Kyle Korver and Jevon Carter, with Korver being waived on July 8. On July 6, the Suns signed undrafted Brewster Academy point guard Jalen Lecque to a partially guaranteed four-year deal (first two seasons fully guaranteed). Four days later, Kelly Oubre Jr. agreed to a two-year extension worth $30 million to return with the team, which he signed on July 16. On July 15, Jimmer Fredette signed with the Panathinaikos B.C. in Greece. The next day (which was also Kelly Oubre Jr.'s signing day), the Suns agreed to a two-year, $3.5 million deal with former New Orleans Pelicans power forward Cheick Diallo, which he signed on July 23, and a two-way contract spot with Auburn University point guard Jared Harper, which he signed on August 3. On July 21, George King signed a multi-year deal with the Dolomiti Energia Trento in Italy. Dragan Bender later agreed to a partially guaranteed two-year deal with the Milwaukee Bucks on July 25, officially signing with the Bucks on July 30. Ray Spalding also agreed to a non-guaranteed deal with the Atlanta Hawks a day later on July 31, though he was waived before the preseason even concluded on October 8, 2019. Spalding then signed with the Houston Rockets on October 10, 2019 before being waived after the preseason on the 19th and playing for the Rio Grande Valley Vipers in the NBA G League until he later signed a two-way contract with the Charlotte Hornets and Greensboro Swarm in early 2020. The only player that did not sign a new deal in the initial season was Jamal Crawford; he did not sign with any NBA team before the COVID-19 pandemic, but he did sign with the Brooklyn Nets inside the 2020 NBA Bubble out in Orlando as a replacement player for Spencer Dinwiddie on July 9, 2020 under their resumed season despite his signing being after the brief signing period of June 22-July 1, 2020. However, Crawford only played in one game for his 20th season in the NBA before getting injured and later being ruled out for the rest of the season.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: On September 27, 2019, the Phoenix Suns announced the signing of Auburn point guard Jared Harper on a two-way contract, as well as the training camp signings of Texas Tech forwards Tariq Owens and Norense Odiase and Ratiopharm Ulm guard David Krämer, a born Slovak raised in Austria that competitively represents Germany. They later waived Owens, Odiase, and Krämer (the last of whom was injured during training camp) from the team after the conclusion of their preseason on October 15. The Suns also signed and waived forwards Aaron Epps and Troy Williams on October 19. Every player except for Williams later played for the Northern Arizona Suns afterward, with Troy playing for the U.S. Victoria Libertas Pallacanestro in Italy's Lega Basket Serie A. Owens eventually signed a two-way contract to return with the Phoenix Suns properly on January 15, 2020. After failing to find a deal for Tyler Johnson during the trade deadline, he was waived from the team on February 10. Johnson was later replaced by former Philadelphia 76ers power forward Jonah Bolden on a 10-day contract two days later. However, Bolden was not renewed for another 10-day contract by February 24 and did not sign with another team during this season, either before or after COVID-19 suspended this season. During the 2019–20 NBA season suspension caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Suns waived Jared Harper's two-way contract on March 14, noting the eventual cancellation of the 2019–20 NBA G League season as a consideration for him. However, because his waiver was first announced on the day after the season was first suspended, his waiver was not regarded as official until June 23.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: When the NBA announced their plans to resume the 2019–20 season, they opened up a brief period from June 22 to July 1, 2020 where teams can expand their rosters to 17 players properly if they don't already have enough players to play with during their stay in Orlando, though even teams that aren't competing in Orlando will be able to make similar moves as well. Players signing in the resumed season for this period will only receive either short-term deals for the rest of the season, two-year deals with a minimum salary of 20/177th the value of the veteran's minimum for this season, or a two-way contract if eligible, with teams also eligible to waive players during that time, if necessary. With Tyler Johnson waived after the trade deadline and not yet permanently replaced by Phoenix at the time combined with Jared Harper being waived on June 23 officially, the Suns had a chance to fill up both a regular open spot and an open two-way contract spot for the 2020 NBA Bubble. (Kelly Oubre Jr. was not eligible for replacement due to him being considered out via injury with a chance to recover in time.) While it was reported that the Suns had two of their own players (which were revealed to be Aron Baynes & Ricky Rubio, with later reports expanding the amount to four or five total) tested positive for COVID-19, which made them eligible for substitute players for this season (initially players with 0–3 seasons of NBA experience before later including veteran players as well), these players were ultimately not seriously affected for the resumed season to warrant such players due to them being discovered early in that period of time and were later able to travel to Orlando before the start of the season. On June 30, 2020, the Suns signed point guard Cameron Payne, who last played for the Texas Legends in the NBA G League earlier this season, to a partially (later fully) guaranteed two-year deal worth a total of $2,173,299, with this season's guarantee of $196,288 for the Orlando period being the total veteran's minimum for his fourth season in the NBA for that section of the season. He was the only contract signed for the Suns during that period, opting not to fill up their other two-way contract spot. Tariq Owens, their only remaining two-way contract left for the season, was later confirmed to not join the Suns in Orlando for July & August as well, though he was out for his own personal reasons. None of the 22 teams in the 2020 NBA Bubble required any further substitute players once this season resumed on July 30, 2020.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: On June 16, 2020, the NBA provided a six phase plan for each team competing at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex nearby Walt Disney World. For the fifth phase, the 22 teams left competing in Orlando played three scrimmage games behind closed doors against teams living in hotels nearby each other. For the Suns, they competed in games against other teams staying in Disney's Coronado Springs Resort for the month of July, which were the Utah Jazz, Boston Celtics, and the defending champion Toronto Raptors, all in different arenas hosting these teams at the complex. Unlike in the preseason, the three scrimmage games the Suns played in aired live on Fox Sports Arizona as well as local radio stations alongside the rest of the resumed games for the regular season. They also began wearing cloth face masks to protect themselves from catching COVID-19 for safety purposes. Each team's first game in the scrimmage had only 10-minute quarters for 40-minute games instead of the usual 12-minute quarters for 48 minute games due to a combination of easing players back into action and how teams like the Suns did not have everyone arrive initially on their respective dates. Their last game began the experiment of virtual fans seeing the game live due to the temporary setup for the complex under this period, which was to be used for the rest of the season. Phoenix finished their scrimmage games with a 2–1 record, winning their 40-minute game against the Utah Jazz, but losing to Boston and winning against Toronto in their regular, 48-minute matches.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: On March 11, 2020, the NBA postponed the rest of the regular season, effective after the end of most of the league's games played that night. This period left most of the regular season games scheduled throughout March and April in jeopardy of cancellation due to the long suspension. The Suns ended their initial season being six games out of the playoffs from that period, just barely qualifying for resumption. On June 4, the NBA agreed to resume the regular season for 22 teams, including the Suns, behind closed doors at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex in Orlando, Florida. Each team only received eight new regular season games for late July and early August before a play-in tournament began with the top two teams for Seed 8 being at least four games apart from each other before the already qualified teams went straight into the 2020 NBA playoffs. The NBA revealed every team's remaining schedules on June 26, with the Suns having a shuffled period of the initial 8 games they originally had against bubble qualified teams from March 14-April 1, 2020 rescheduled for July 31-August 13, 2020.


title: 2019–20 Phoenix Suns season

text: Every scheduled game the Suns played in the 2020 NBA Bubble (including their game against the Los Angeles Clippers that aired on NBA TV, as well as the last regular season game against the Dallas Mavericks that aired early on TNT, both held at the AdventHealth Arena in the designated bubble area) still aired on Fox Sports Arizona, though their entire broadcasting crew was working remotely in Arizona during these games. The team also started wearing special cloth face masks during the remaining games played this season, as well as wore "Black Lives Matter" t-shirts before games and kneeling down for the national anthem. Every game these 22 teams competed in during this stretch counted for their overall regular season records. They also provided a potential jump up with playoff and draft placements in the 2020 NBA draft in the event the Suns made it to the playoffs properly, though they would not count for any potential impact in the NBA draft lottery for that upcoming draft. With their resumed season, the Suns managed to get a perfect 8–0 return in the 2020 NBA Bubble to end their regular season at 34–39. However, they did not reach the play-in tournament due to the Portland Trail Blazers having a better record and the Memphis Grizzlies having the tiebreaker over Phoenix this season.