title: The Mangler (film)

text: The Mangler fared somewhat better with retrospective reviews from critics. Bloody Disgusting rated it 3/5 stars and wrote that the film "is not good by any objective standards, but it's a fun little gory time-killer with a possessed refrigerator and an evil laundry press. That can't be all bad". Jon Condit of Dread Central rated it 3.5/5 stars and wrote: "The Mangler is a true test for the guilty pleasure connoisseur. Bad in every respect, there are definitely worse ways to blow two hours of your time (this film's sequel comes to mind); it's just a shame Hooper was implicated in it". Mike Long of DVD Talk rated it 0.5/5 stars and wrote: "There have been many bad, throw-away projects based on material from Stephen King, but The Mangler has to be one of the worst. The movie's laughable premise is only brought down by the inept filmmaking on display here". David Johnson of DVD Verdict wrote that the film "features a lot of gore, a solid, creepy atmosphere, some wonky special effects, all set against a really dumb premise".


title: Pest control

text: The harmful side effect of pesticides on humans has now resulted in the development of newer approaches, such as the use of biological control to eliminate the ability of pests to reproduce or to modify their behavior to make them less troublesome. Biological control is first recorded around 300 AD in China, when colonies of weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina, were intentionally placed in citrus plantations to control beetles and caterpillars. Also around 4000 BC in China, ducks were used in paddy fields to consume pests, as illustrated in ancient cave art. In 1762, an Indian mynah was brought to Mauritius to control locusts, and about the same time, citrus trees in Burma were connected by bamboos to allow ants to pass between them and help control caterpillars. In the 1880s, ladybirds were used in citrus plantations in California to control scale insects, and other biological control experiments followed. The introduction of DDT, a cheap and effective compound, put an effective stop to biological control experiments. By the 1960s, problems of resistance to chemicals and damage to the environment began to emerge, and biological control had a renaissance. Chemical pest control is still the predominant type of pest control today, although a renewed interest in traditional and biological pest control developed towards the end of the 20th century and continues to this day.


title: Pest control

text: Pesticides are substances applied to crops to control pests, they include herbicides to kill weeds, fungicides to kill fungi and insecticides to kill insects. They can be applied as sprays by hand, tractors, or aircraft or as seed dressings. To be effective, the correct substance must be applied at the correct time and the method of application is important to ensure adequate coverage and retention on the crop. The killing of natural enemies of the target pest should be minimized. This is particularly important in countries where there are natural reservoirs of pests and their enemies in the countryside surrounding plantation crops, and these co-exist in a delicate balance. Often in less-developed countries, the crops are well adapted to the local situation and no pesticides are needed. Where progressive farmers are using fertilizers to grow improved crop varieties, these are often more susceptible to pest damage, but the indiscriminate application of pesticides may be detrimental in the longer term. The efficacy of chemical pesticides tends to diminish over time. This is because any organism that manages to survive the initial application will pass on its genes to its offspring and a resistant strain will be developed. In this way, some of the most serious pests have developed resistance and are no longer killed by pesticides that used to kill their ancestors. This necessitates higher concentrations of chemical, more frequent applications and a movement to more expensive formulations.


title: Pest control

text: Carpet beetles are members of the family Dermestidae, and while the adult beetles feed on nectar and pollen, the larvae are destructive pests in homes, warehouses, and museums. They feed on animal products including wool, silk, leather, fur, the bristles of hair brushes, pet hair, feathers, and museum specimens. They tend to infest hidden locations and may feed on larger areas of fabrics than do clothes moths, leaving behind specks of excrement and brown, hollow, bristly-looking cast skins. Management of infestations is difficult and is based on exclusion and sanitation where possible, resorting to pesticides when necessary. The beetles can fly in from outdoors and the larvae can survive on lint fragments, dust, and inside the bags of vacuum cleaners. In warehouses and museums, sticky traps baited with suitable pheromones can be used to identify problems, and heating, freezing, spraying the surface with insecticide, and fumigation will kill the insects when suitably applied. Susceptible items can be protected from attack by keeping them in clean airtight containers.


title: Pest control

text: Termites with colonies in close proximity to houses can extend their galleries underground and make mud tubes to enter homes. The insects keep out of sight and chew their way through structural and decorative timbers, leaving the surface layers intact, as well as through cardboard, plastic and insulation materials. Their presence may become apparent when winged insects appear and swarm in the home in spring. Regular inspection of structures by a trained professional may help detect termite activity before the damage becomes substantial.; Inspection and monitoring of termites is important because termite alates (winged reproductives) may not always swarm inside a structure. Control and extermination is a professional job involving trying to exclude the insects from the building and trying to kill those already present. Soil-applied liquid termiticides provide a chemical barrier that prevents termites from entering buildings, and lethal baits can be used; these are eaten by foraging insects, and carried back to the nest and shared with other members of the colony, which goes into slow decline.


title: Brymbo

text: While there was mining of coal in the area on a small scale, the late eighteenth century saw an expansion in activity, particularly after the industrialist John "Iron-Mad" Wilkinson purchased Brymbo Hall and began developing its estate, mining coal and ironstone and building an ironworks which was later to become the Brymbo Steelworks. By 1821 there was a total of 41 coal pits on the Brymbo Hall estate alone. In the nineteenth century, a number of larger deep mines were sunk around the area, and the majority of the village of Brymbo was developed as accommodation for the miners and ironworkers. The village itself was constructed on and around the steep sides of Brymbo Hill with views towards the Cheshire Plain, though the area's topography was later to cause problems when the steelworks expanded in 1956: the new parts had to be built on a vast artificial plateau of slag from the furnaces, filling the width of the valley and burying most of the village of Lodge, whose houses were purchased and demolished.


title: Friedrich Spee

text: Spee was reportedly brought to this awareness by the Duke of Brunswick, who invited Spee and another famous Jesuit scholar to supervise a continuation of the torture of a confessed witch. The Jesuits had previously carefully studied the issues and 'told the Duke, "The Inquisitors are doing their duty. They are arresting only people who have been implicated by the confession of other witches."' The Duke then led the Jesuits to a woman being stretched on the rack and asked her, "You are a confessed witch. I suspect these two men of being warlocks. What do you say? Another turn of the rack, executioners." "No, no!" screamed the woman. "You are quite right. I have often seen .. . They can turn themselves into goats, wolves, and other animals. ... Several witches have had children by them. ... The children had heads like toads and legs like spiders." The Duke then asked the Jesuits. "Shall I put you to the torture until you confess, my friends?" Spee thanked God he had been led to this insight by a friend, not an enemy.


title: Franklin, Indiana

text: Downtown Franklin is noted for the number of well-maintained, older houses and early brick streets. Landmark buildings include the Johnson County Courthouse and the Artcraft Theatre. Due west of the Artcraft is RFD Franklin, a fine dining restaurant in the renovated former City Hall, a Colonial Revival building originally constructed in 1936 to be used as a post office. It was designed by architect Louis A. Simon under Postmaster General James Farley. It was the original site of a federally commissioned Works Progress Administration (WPA) mural painted by Franklin artist Jean Swiggett, who started his career during the difficult years of the Great Depression. The WPA work was moved to the "new" post office when it was built by the federal government. In the 1980s, a private non-profit group, Franklin Heritage Inc., was formed by citizens to preserve and restore its historic assets for new purposes. It now owns the Artcraft Theatre and is making it a community center for film, art, and special events. The current City Hall is located just east of the Johnson County Courthouse, and it also contains the Festival Country Indiana Visitor Center, which contains interactive exhibits that tell the story of the communities of Johnson County.


title: Royal Conservatory of The Hague

text: The Bachelor Music course offers a range of study options. The starting point is an individual curriculum in the fields of Classical Music, Early Music, Singing/Vocal, Jazz, Composition, Sonology, Art of Sound and Music Education. The Master Music course at the Royal Conservatoire covers a spectrum from performing musicians (Classical, Early and Jazz), creative and researching musicians (Composition, Sonology, ArtScience). Unique about this Conservatoire is its dance department in which a Bachelor of Dance can be obtained. The three Master programmes at the Royal Conservatoire are Master of Music, Master of Sonology and Master of Opera. The Master in Opera is offered by the Dutch National Opera Academy, in association with the Conservatory of Amsterdam. In 1990 the Royal Conservatoire The Hague merged with the Royal Academy of Art The Hague, into the 'School of Visual Arts, Music and Dance'. In 2010 the Dutch government elevated the joint institution to University of the Arts The Hague. The two do also still go by their original names as well, to underline their individual identities.


title: Royal Conservatory of The Hague

text: Alongside education and production, research is one of the pillars of the Royal Conservatoire. The focus of research within the educational programmes is directed towards the artistic-musical and intellectual development of the students. In the Bachelor this involves the learning of basic research skills which a musician will require in their later music practice. These have relevance to the articulated ability to reflect on the musician's own speciality. Research in the Master course is more specifically directed towards the conducting of a research project where the student specialises in their own field. Types of research in the Master can range widely, for instance the making of instruments, experimentation, historical interpretation (e.g. in function of performance practice), creative (artistic) research, cultural/critical reflection and/or research in the field of didactics or pedagogy. The topics are usually directly related to the main subject, and are of importance both for artistic and intellectual development of the student as for the development of the field of study.


title: RUS Mariembourg

text: In 1983–82 season, now Assubel Mariembourg participated in the European competitions for the first time in its history. Actually, Assubel played in the FIBA Korać Cup and eliminated in the second round by the French Olympique Antibes (82–83 home defeat, 69–76 in the Côte d'Azur). The sixth place in the Division I gave Assubel the right to play once again in the FIBA Korać Cup of the next season. In 1984–85 was the turn of Moderne to eliminate Mariembourg again in the second round (88–76 win in Counin, 78–109 defeat in Le Mans). During the 1987/1988 seasons RUS Assubel Mariembourg became runner-up of the Belgian Cup (lost to Racing Maes Pils Mechelen and to Maccabi Brussels). In 1988 the club reached to play in the quarterfinal group stage of FIBA European Cup Winner's Cup against Ram Joventut, Scavolini Pesaro and Hapoel Galil Elyon with 0–6 record. The next season played in the top 16 group stage and ranked third above the Spanish club of Estudiantes Bosé (2–4 record). That was the last participation of the club in the European competitions to date.


title: Ranchi University

text: The university and its affiliated colleges and institutions offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses in different areas like medical, nursing, engineering, liberal arts, etc. Ranchi University generally offers postgraduate courses in liberal arts in own campus; while professional and liberal undergraduate degree courses are offered through the affiliated colleges and institutions. Professional postgraduate courses (like M.Tech., MD, Ms) are also offered through the affiliated institutions. Admission in the undergraduate liberal arts degree courses is mainly based on the result of the higher secondary (10+2) examination. However, for admission in the undergraduate courses of professional subjects like medicine and engineering, one has to take an entrance examination conducted by national agencies (NEET UG or JEE). Admission in the postgraduate courses is based on undergraduate degree results and also the performance of the entrance examination conducted either by the university or by the national agency. The aspirants for research-level programs have to take an entrance examination followed by an interview. Ranchi university also has a Directorate of Distance Education for conducting postgraduate studies in distance education.


title: List of Jersey Shore episodes

text: Despite Ronnie and Sammi's break up, their arguing is causing problems in the house. Ronnie confronts Mike about Miami which ends up into a heated argument in the kitchen but Mike ultimately apologizes to Ron to calm him down. JWoww goes on a date with Roger but keeps getting interrupted by his friends. Shortly after, the girls convince Sammi to go out and take a break from the tension between her and Ronnie but when Ronnie finds out he gets mad and starts to wreck their room and throwing Sammi's belongings onto the porch, including the bed on which she was standing. The roommates hear the ruckus and realize that this was not just an argument but a physical altercation between Sam and Ron. Sammi goes on a rampage throwing fists, threatening and breaking the door and blinds. Ronnie also has to get held back. Sammi immediately goes out with the girls and starts to make Ronnie jealous by dancing with another guy. Ronnie leaves the club and returns home only to destroy all of Sammi's belongings. He breaks down crying and when Sammi returns home she sees the mess and also breaks down realizing that she does not deserve this. She calls a cab, says goodbye to everyone and leaves the Shore.


title: Martin Beckman

text: He sailed from Deptford with the fleet on 13 June in the ship Augustine, and, after a short time at Alicante, proceeded against the pirates of Algiers; but, the enterprise failing, the fleet bore away for Tangiers, of which possession was taken as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza on 30 January 1662. A governor and garrison were left there, and the fleet proceeded to Lisbon to escort Queen Catherine to England. Plans of the actions at Algiers were made by Beckman and later engraved. In Tangier, Beckman made plans of the place and proceeded to erect a number of fortifications, mainly outlying fortlets. A plan of Tangiers was sent home before the fleet returned, and Samuel Pepys mentions in his Diary under 28 February 1662, that he presented to the Duke of York from Lord Sandwich "a fine map of Tangiers, done by one Captain Martin Beckman, a Swede, that is with my lord. We stayed looking over it a great while with the duke." This map is in the collection of George III in the British Museum.


title: Martin Beckman

text: About this time he was promoted to be major in the army. On 7 February 1681 he was appointed second engineer of Great Britain, and went to Hull as a commissioner to carry out the defence works there, and also reported on the defences of Holy Island and Berwick-on-Tweed in 1682 and 1683. In April 1683 he was recalled from Hull to join Lord Dartmouth's expedition to Tangier as chief engineer. Samuel Pepys sailed with this expedition, and his narrative of the voyage was published in 1841. On 29 August, when at sea, Pepys read Beckman's project for the destruction of Tangier. The object of the expedition – the destruction of the mole and defences of Tangier and the withdrawal of the garrison – having been satisfactorily accomplished, Beckman went to Gibraltar, and made a plan of the Rock of Gibraltar in two sheets, which is now in the King's Library, British Museum. After his return to England he was sent to Scotland to design works for strengthening Stirling, and he also reported on the defences of fortifications across England: Carlisle Castle, The Castle, Newcastle, Tynemouth Castle, Scarborough Castle, Chester Castle, Yarmouth Castle, and Landguard Fort.


title: Martin Beckman

text: On 22 May 1695 Beckman was appointed to the command of the ordnance train and the machine and bomb-vessels for the summer expedition to the straits of Gibraltar, and took part in the operations on the coast of Catalonia, returning home in the autumn. His demands for projectiles for his bomb-vessels were so large that the board of ordnance represented that parliament had made no provision to meet them. He exercised a similar command in the summer expedition under Lord Berkeley, which sailed at the end of June 1696 to "insult the coast of France". On 3 July Berkeley detached a squadron of ten ships of war under Captain Mees, E..N., and Beckman with his bomb-vessels. They entered St. Martin's, Isle of Rhé, on the 5th under French colours, which they struck as soon as they had anchored. They bombarded the place all that night and the following day, expending over two thousand bombs and destroying the best part of the town. On the 7th they sailed for Olonne, where a like operation produced a similar result, and then rejoined the fleet, returning to Torbay. These enterprises created such alarm that over a hundred batteries were ordered by the French ministry to be erected between Brest and Goulet, and over sixty thousand men were continually in arms for coast defence.


title: Paul Geleff

text: The organization supported a bricklayers strike and had called for a meeting to mobilize support. In response, the authorities banned the organization and all its meetings. All three were arrested in the summer of 1872. Geleff was sentenced to three years forced labour. Geleff had also been accused of fraud, but after re-paying the amount he was accused of having embezzled those charges were dropped. Geleff wrote a book about his prison ordeals, Under Laas og Lukke ("Under lock and key") was published in 1876. After his release from jail, he and Pio again begun organizing socialist activities. In 1876 he was one of the founders of the Social Democratic Party. In March 1877 Geleff and Pio emigrated to the United States, with financial assistance from the Danish police. Their intention was to set up a colony in America. After settling down in America, Geleff and Pio broke their contacts. Geleff wrote a short publication about his trans-Atlantic travel and split with Pio, Den rene, skære Sandhed om Louis Pio og mig selv ("The pure truth about Louis Pio and myself") published in 1877.


title: Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul

text: In the United States, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, a recent convert to the Catholic Church, had hoped to establish a community of Daughters of Charity. Unable to do so because of the political situation during the Napoleonic Wars, on 31 July 1809 she founded the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph at Emmitsburg, Maryland. The nucleus of the little community consisted of five Sisters who were soon joined by others. Her desire to consecrate her life to works of charity led Mother Seton to request the Rules of the Daughters of Charity founded by St. Vincent de Paul in 1633. Bishop Benedict J. Flaget presented the request to superiors in Paris and in 1810 brought to Mother Seton the Rules by which she guided her community during her lifetime. At the time of her death in 1821, the community numbered fifty Sisters. In 1850, the community at Emmitsburg affiliated with the Mother House of the Daughters of Charity in Paris and at that time adopted the blue habit and the white collar and cornette. The community in Emmitsburg became the first American province of the Daughters of Charity.


title: Stu Marshall

text: In late 2005 Marshall founded Paindivision, originally with Dungeon's Tim Yatras on drums but before this band's first live performance the name was changed to 20 Grams. Shortly afterwards, Dungeon disbanded. Marshall finalised the 20 Grams line-up by mid-2006. The group supported Black Label Society in Sydney a short time later. Following this, 20 Grams reverted to the name Pain Division and a four-track EP was recorded and released late in the year. At the beginning of 2007, Pain Division announced a deal with Wollongong label Riot! A self-titled album was released in October 2007. Dan Quinlan joined the band on bass guitar, who toured with the band in Japan on the November tour. In November 2007 he released a solo album called Altered States. A second Paindivision album was released in 2008 with a third due to be recorded during 2010; however this band now appears to have been on extended hiatus as Marshall concentrates on Death Dealer, a USA based power metal band featuring Ross the Boss.


title: Come to Me (Diddy song)

text: The video for the song premiered on BET's Access Granted on August 8, 2006. It has also peaked at number thirteen on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song did chart on BET's 106 & Park, where it reached number four, and reached number one on MTV's Sucker Free. By September 7, 2006, "Come to Me" was within the top 10 of the United States iTunes Music Store. In an interview with MTV News, Diddy elaborated that he and Scherzinger try to seduce each other. "She's definitely, to me, one of the next female superstars. I thought that she would play a great seductress and somebody that I could chase, too — the cat-and-mouse thing. And that we could dance and have some fun." Diddy also was inspired by British artists such as Mick Jagger as he wanted to emulate that rock-star attitude. "It definitely has a hip-hop, rock-star appeal. I admire all of the rock stars — especially a lot of the British rock stars — for their attitude. Looking at back in the day, and just how the clothes and the attitude were a part of it."


title: Come to Me (Diddy song)

text: The video begins in a city where a black van pulls up in an unknown alley. Then, the clock shows the time of 4:30 and Diddy is seen with his girlfriend in bed and it turns to face the woman staring at the bed. Then, she heard her cellphone ring and an unknown figure (revealed to be Scherzinger) starts telling her about Diddy showing up. As the music begins, Diddy wakes up and a woman passes the phone to him. Meanwhile, Scherzinger is waiting inside a club where Diddy shows up and does the choreography while making eye contact with her. During the bridge, Diddy and Scherzinger both went upstairs to a dance on battle. After following Diddy in the flash of light, Scherzinger ends up in a maze with Diddy. Then, they see each other and the maze falls apart and the breakdown starts as Diddy and Scherzinger dance in a lighted room. At the end of the video, Scherzinger walks away and also Diddy stops her and both of them stare at each other with Diddy saying, "press play." The video ends with Diddy and Scherzinger staring at each other when a symbol of the press play shows in the middle.


title: Cadet

text: In the Philippines, the term cadet is used in mostly military attached organizations, but it is more distinctive in the service academies of the Philippines, [e.g., the Philippine Military Academy (PMA), the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA), Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA), Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP) and Aerospace Cadets of the Philippines (ACP). Graduates of these service academies are automatically given officer commissions in the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Philippine National Police, Philippine Coast Guard, the Bureau of Fire Protection, and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. Graduates of PMMA are given reserve officer status in the Philippine Navy and mostly go to private shipping firms. Service academy cadets are thought to be between the NCO and officer ranks, and NCO consider cadets as rank higher to them. Punishments for the cadets depends on their violations. If a cadet violates the rules and regulations of Philippine Military Training and the rules of the school itself, the cadet will get punished by either doing push-ups, pumping, or squat.


title: Paul Lehmann

text: Paul Lehmann was the son of businessman Gustav Lehmann and his wife Louisa Meyer. After attending school in his hometown, Lehmann started studying at the University of Göttingen. A successor to Ludwig Traube, Paul Lehmann began as docent at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in 1911 and became professor of medieval Latin philology there in 1917. Author of a dissertation on Franciscus Modius and a Habilitationsschrift on Johannes Sichardus, he made numerous contributions to the Sitzungsberichte der bayerischen Akademie. He is best known for Parodie im Mittelalter . He also authored Pseudo-Antike Literatur des Mittelalters and published Mittelalterliche Bibliothekskataloge Deutschlands und der Schweiz. Lehmann assisted Max Manitius in the preparation of the third volume of the Geschichte der lateinischen Literatur des Mittelalters. He was named a Corresponding Fellow of the Medieval Academy of America in 1926, as well as fellow of numerous other European academies. A Festschrift entitled Liber Floridus, in honor of his sixty-fifth birthday, was published in 1950.


title: Vexillum etremoides

text: (Original description as Uromitra etremoides) The small shell is elongate-fusiform, with strong discontinuous axial ridges and fine close spirals. The protoconch is pupiform, and consists of 3 almost symmetrical smooth whorls, bluntly pointed, distinctly marked off from brephic stage. The spiral ribs are very obscure on earlier whorls, 4 on first, 5 on second, and 6 on the rest, sometimes 7 on penultimate, 16 spirals on the body whorl. The spirals are lowly convex. The interstices vary in width, seldom linear, usually subequal to ribs, widening near beak. The axial ribs are numerous and irregular in the brephic stage, but soon follow each other regularly, 7–9 per whorl Generally they are in line with those on contiguous whorls, but slope a little backwards, vanishing on lower half of the body-whorl. The interstices are usually slightly wider. The axial ribs are very much stouter and more prominent than spirals, which cross them without forming nodules. Growth-lines are rather conspicuous. The spire is narrowly conic. The outlines are straight, in young shells one and a third times height of the aperture, in adult shells more than one and a half times. The shell contains 10 whorls. The body-whorl is subangulated below its periphery, then suddenly contracted towards beak. The suture is impressed, undulating, submargined by narrow band. The apertureis narrowly ovate; high, acutely subangled above, produced below into a short oblique siphonal canal with straightened base. The outer lip convex, thin and sharp. The columella is straight, vertical, with 3 oblique, strong plaits, decreasing in size anteriorly.


title: In Your House 4

text: On August 21, 1995 WWF World Heavyweight Champion Diesel teamed up with Davey Boy Smith to take on the team known as Men on a Mission (King Mabel and Sir Mo) in the main event of the WWF's Monday Night Raw show. Up until that day Davey Boy Smith had always been a face in the WWF, but turned on Diesel that night, attacking him and then leaving him alone to fight off King Mabel and Sir Mo. The storyline was picked up against at In Your House 3 when The British Bulldog (Smith was billed exclusively as the British Bulldog by then) teamed up with Yokozuna to take on Diesel and Shawn Michaels in the main event. On September 25 the British Bulldog lost a match to the Undertaker by disqualification as he kept attacking his opponent, which led to Diesel running to the ring to chase the British Bulldog off. Two weeks later the Bulldog pinned Diesel during a six-man tag team match, earning a title match in the process. In the weeks leading up to In Your House 4 the WWF Intercontinental Champion Shawn Michaels had been targeted by the heel Dean Douglas, who claimed to be both intellectually and physically superior to Michaels. In the days before the In Your House show Shawn Michaels was beaten up by a single Marine outside of a bar, which meant that he was unable to compete at the In Your House show against Dean Douglas.


title: In Your House 4

text: In the third match of the night the reigning WWF Tag Team Champions The Smoking Gunns (Billy Gunn and Bart Gunn) successfully defended the championship against the team of The 1-2-3 Kid and Razor Ramon when the Kid and Ramon were not able to work together as a cohesive unit. Following the match the 1-2-3 Kid turned on his partner, finally taking the next step in the storyline between the two. The fourth match of the night was the debut of Goldust (Dustin Rhodes) in the WWF and the first time the audience saw the character live and not via pre-taped segments. On this night, Goldust defeated Marty Jannetty. The sixth match was supposed to feature Shawn Michaels defending the Intercontinental championship against Dean Douglas, but when Michaels was unable to compete, Douglas was awarded the championship by forfeit. Gorilla Monsoon the then interim WWF President announced that while he won the championship without a match he would have to defend the championship in a surprise match against Razor Ramon. Playing up the storyline that Dean Douglas was not prepared for Razor Ramon, Ramon defeated Douglas to win the championship, making Douglas the shortest reigning Intercontinental champion, with his reign only lasting the length of the match. Bret Hart joined the commentary team for the main event between Diesel and the British Bulldog to push the fact that Bret Hart was next in line for the championship. In the end Bret Hart ended up hitting the British Bulldog, causing the champion to be disqualified, losing the match but not the title. Afterwards Diesel attacked Bret in retaliation for costing Diesel the match.


title: Sarah Dargan

text: Dargan grew up in Melbourne with a family who love Australian rules football, kicking a ball around the backyard with her older brother, Matt. Dargan started out as a basketballer, before playing junior football for Pascoe Vale in division one of the Northern Football League, excelling as a mid-sized forward. Ahead of 2015, she joined Calder Cannons in the TAC Cup and played senior football with them for three years, being touted as a superstar. While playing with Calder Cannons, she also represented Vic Metro for 3 years. In 2015, she helped Vic Metro win the 2015 AFL Youth Girls National Championships title, scoring a goal in the Grand Final at Bendigo Bank Stadium, where they beat Queensland by seven points. This followed her two goals against Queensland in their opening match preceding it. In 2016 she was part of the Vic Metro team that won the 2016 AFL Youth Girls National Championships title. In 2017, Dargan was named one of Vic Metro's best in their opening loss to Vic Country, but due to this loss they lost the 2017 AFL Women's Under 18 Championships title to Vic Country despite winning their remaining games. In April 2018, Calder Cannon's coach, Alicia Eva, labelled Dargan as a "special kind of player" and predicted her being drafted to an AFLW club.


title: Sarah Dargan

text: Dargan was drafted by Collingwood with their third selection and twentieth overall in the 2017 AFL Women's draft. Collingwood's coach, Wayne Siekman, said "she is clean off the ground, has a good change of pace and knows where the goals are." Her selection defined her as a bolter, having not being invited to the combine or the draft itself. She made her debut in the eight point loss to Carlton at Ikon Park in the opening round of the 2018 season. In the winter of 2018, she played three games for Collingwood's VFL Women's (VFLW) team, before rupturing her Lisfranc ligament in her left foot, which required a long period of rest and rehabilitation. At the beginning she was upset not being able to play, but looking back she appreciated being able to see the coaches' box angle of the game which helped develop her knowledge. In round 2 of the 2019 season, Dargan kicked her first professional goal against Melbourne, which was Collingwood's first AFLW goal at the club's spiritual home, Victoria Park. In round 4 of the season, she was nominated for the AFL Women's Rising Star award, following her move to the midfield and her performance in Collingwood's nine point loss to Greater Western Sydney. She finished the game with a career-high 16 disposals, as well as laying six tackles and kicking a goal. She was surprised by the nomination, but honoured and happy to see her hard work pay off. Dargan played a key role for Collingwood in the 2019 season. In April 2019, she re-committed to Collingwood, alongside Brittany Bonnici, Ruby Schleicher, Erica Fowler, Sophie Alexander, Eliza Hynes, and captain Steph Chiocci. In August 2020, Dargan was traded together with Sarah D'Arcy to Richmond in a deal which saw Collingwood receive Aliesha Newman. In May 2022, Dargan joined expansion club Sydney for their inaugural season. In March 2023, Dargan was delisted by Sydney, having played a key role in their forward line.


title: Dawa River

text: The Dawa river has a maximum and minimum elevation of 3098 and 169 metres above sea level, and the inclination of the basin is toward southeast. The exact location is between 3.92°- 6.47° N and 38.02°- 42.08° E. A significant proportion of the area in the northern and north-western highland is distinguished by ridges and gorges, whilst the south and southeast contour is distinguished by levelled ground, low relief, long valleys, spotted hills and steep ground parallel to the main river. The Dawa River encompasses a cool zone, a temperate zone and hot lowlands, these are the three major climatic zones of the country. The Ethiopian National Meteorology Agency collected monthly rainfall from 1996 to 2016 and found that there is a vast difference between the high rainfall areas, which include the cooler highland area, and low rainfall in the hot lowland areas of the Dawa river. Mean average rainfall is about 1500mm at the northern end and decreases parallel to elevation to 200 mm near the river outlet at the southern end. The annual mean temperature is about 15.5 °C in the northern end and 28 °C towards the southern end. Groundwater is typically cold with temperature ranging from 17.1 – 29.0 C. For each terrain, the overall water quality ranges greatly, with higher salinity in sedimentary terrains than in volcanic terrains.


title: Dawa River

text: The Dawa river is known for its unique geological setting. It has a diversified lithology and structural framework, formed as a result of the basin's location in close proximity to multiple volcanic-tectonic events. Typically, along the river, the basement complex is laterally positioned in the middle parts of the basin, in between the northwest highland, volcanic rocks and the southeast lowland extensive sedimentary formation. Sedimentary arrangement covers southwestern parts of the Dawa River. The sediment Karoo, which is oldest unit in the sequence and composed of sandstone and shale is overlain by Adigrat Sandstone. Oldest to Cretaceous sedimentary arrangements overlay the Adigrat sandstone. Field observations and drilling's in the area indicate that the formation is highly fractured, which leads to a favourable formation for groundwater to occur and move. The newer formations are dominated by impermeable units that inhibit groundwater movement, such as marble and shale. In one part of the Dawa River, there is a thick impermeable section that cover the Hamanlie formation and put this potential water producer beyond a depth affordable for the typical community water well drilling. Overall, the older rocks are penetrative and absorbent, as a result receiving and transmitting significant amounts of water. However, the newer rocks are impermeable and act as a barrier to the vertical flow of water. Groundwater movement is controlled by facture orientations and generally flows toward southeast. In the humid highland regions, the flow of water occurs directly from local rainfall and groundwater discharges, mostly as springs. On the other hand, in the Semiarid region in the southeast, water occurs indirectly from flash floods and following extreme rainfall periods, from shallow groundwater in the wadi beds. In most cases, groundwater extraction by communities occurs artificially through the hydroelectrical power plant, or simple well drilling.


title: Dawa River

text: Irrigated farming and land cultivation has been used by tribes / communities along the Dawa River, mainly the Borona Pastroalists, since 1983/84, specifically, households in Hadhessa and Qorati. The tribe Gada of Liben Jaldessa started using it in 2000. In 2008, Irrigated farming, specifically using motorized pumps, expanded along the Dawa River and was used by the Borona Pastoralists in Liben. The government in the last 10–20 years has encouraged irrigated farming along the Dawa River due to the severe droughts, and declining livestock numbers that impacted all communities across the country. Originally tribes / communities had abundances of cattle and land cultivation was forbidden until 1972. Now people have developed the skill of farming using the river sources, hence the utilization of the Dawa River for irrigated farming. There are small ponds built by the local people to provide water over a wide area for their animals. Communities around the Dawa River have to dig deep wells that tap underground water. These wells provide more than four-fifths of the total accessible water during the dry season. Drawing from the wells is labour-intensive, and is a social and economic significance to the regions pastoralists. In addition to this important economic activity throughout the dry southern parts of Borena, the communities collect gums and resins from trees of Commiphora and Boswellia. Conflicts between ethnic groups surrounding the Dawa River are generally concerning the grazing lands and water rights. With the increase in frequency of droughts occurring now every 1 to 2 years, this causes the death of many more livestock. This has led to a further increase in land cultivation among the poorer tribes and communities.


title: Thiago Silva (fighter)

text: Silva is from São Paulo, Brazil and had a difficult upbringing. He grew up in a very poor area and witnessed murders at a young age. To help support himself, he got his first job when he was only nine years old cleaning automobile parts. Silva was athletic, playing soccer and basketball, and attended school, but ran away from home at age 13 due to his allegedly abusive father, never to see his mother or younger brother again. He then lived on his own in the favelas or slums of São Paulo, moving into his friends' homes who would allow him to stay. While working during the day, he would attend school at night, and would eventually graduate high school. The Brazilian favelas are notorious for being drug trafficking hot spots, and many of the neighborhoods are ruled by drug lords, some of whom would seek out Silva to help them and their children train. At age 18, Silva began to train in mixed martial arts and due to his poverty often had to choose between eating and training although his coach let him train for free in exchange for cleaning the facility.


title: Ella Reeve Bloor

text: Ella Reeve "Mother" Bloor was born Ella Reeve on Staten Island on July 8, 1862, the daughter of Harriet Amanda (née Disbrow) and Charles Reeve. She grew up in Bridgeton, New Jersey. She was married first to Lucien Bonaparte Ware, then Louis Cohen, and finally Andrew Omholt. Ella married Lucian Ware in February 1882, at ages of 19 and 27, respectively. In the following 10 years, the couple had seven children. However, three died by the age of 3 (Pauline Stites Ware, Charles Reeve Ware, and Lucien Bonaparte Ware, Jr ), leaving 4 children: Grace, Helen, Harold and Hamilton Disbrow Ware. Her daughter, Helen Ware, was a concert violinist while son, Harold Ware, became an agriculture expert as an activist in the Communist Party of America. One of her other sons was Hamilton D. "Buzz" Ware, an artist and prominent leader in the Village of Arden, Delaware, where she lived for many years. According to her later FBI files, Bloor met with Dr. M.V. Ball of Philadelphia, a student of Marx and Engels, who converted her to socialism. Ella and Lucien divorced in 1896 and the following year, at about age 35, she married Louis Cohen. In the following three years, the couple had two children: Victor Hugo Cohen and Carl M. Cohen. Ella and Louis Cohen likely divorced by 1906. In 1930, at about age 68, Ella married Andrew Omholt.


title: Bungo Province

text: In 1185, at the end of the Heian period, after the Heike clan was destroyed in the Genpei War, Minamoto no Yoritomo established the Ōtomo clan as shugo over Bungo Province in order to suppress the pro-Taira clan samurai in Kyushu. The Ōtomo ruled the area from the Kamakura period into the Muromachi period and over the course of many conflicts expanded their control into neighboring provinces. The area saw an influx of western culture and technology with the influx of Portuguese traders in the Sengoku period, together with the introduction of firearms and Christianity. The Funai area became a center of Jesuit activity. Ōtomo Sōrin met personally with Francis Xavier in 1551, and later converted to Christianity. Referred to as the "King of Bungo" in the Jesuit records, Sōrin sent political delegations to Goa in the 1550s, and the Tenshō embassy to Rome in 1582. He also forced his subjects to convert. and ordered the destruction of Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines in his domains. In 1578, he came into conflict with the Shimazu clan to the south and after being defeated in a series of battles turned to Toyotomi Hideyoshi for assistance. In 1587, following Hideyoshi's iconquest of Kyūshū, Sōrin's son, Ōtomo Yoshimune was restored to control over Bungo. Following Hideyoshi's expulsion of foreign missionaries and edicts against the Kirishitan faith, he recanted his baptism and began a vigorous campaign to exterminate Christianity in the province. However, he subsequently was accused of cowardice during the Japanese invasions of Korea and was dispossessed. Bungo was divided into small holdings.


title: William, Prince of Orange

text: After the failed plans for a marriage between Prince William and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, the second daughter of Queen Victoria, the prince fell in love with the 19-year-old Countess Mathilde von Limburg-Stirum in 1873. The relationship between the prince and his parents became very problematic, as his parents refused William's wish to accept Mathilde as his bride in 1874. By the standards of the Dutch royal family, a marriage between a member of the royal family and a member of the nobility was considered unequal and therefore unacceptable. Also a rumour circulated that Mathilda was an illegitimate daughter of King William III and so William would potentially be marrying his own half-sister. The 33-year-old William wanted to marry, if necessary, without the consent of his parents. However Mathilda was not yet twenty and permission was needed from her parents too. Since they denied permission, the prince's attempt to marry Mathilda failed. She finally married in 1881 Baron Reginald van Tuyll . She died on 14 May 1932, at age 77 at Popham, Hampshire, in England, nearby her daughter Julia Sheffield, Lady Sheffield.


title: Liebling Kreuzberg

text: As a matter of principle, Liebling only takes cases that interest him. In the first episode of the 1st Season, he explains that he has sold a real estate business inherited from his father and is now, in his capacity as a notary, documenting any resulting sales contracts. This secures him a degree of financial independence, so that he can afford to avoid work if possible. Much rather he goes for a walk during the day along the river Spree or sleeps in his office. Much of the remaining work he delegates to his associates. In the first three seasons, this is Michael Kausch in the role of Dr. Giselmund Arnold, later Jenny Gröllmann as Isolde Isenthal "Issi" and finally Stefan Reck as Dr. Bruno Pelzer. They are often idealistic, while at the same time more conventional and serve as antagonists of pragmatic, but unconventional Liebling. Most funny dialogues in the series result from this contrast. However, the contrast is often only a seeming one, because Liebling—although a cynic—has also idealistic traits.


title: Economy of Montreal

text: The COVID-19-pandemic has impacted Montréal's economy profoundly. The city experienced a -2,9% decrease in its GDP in 2020. Still, Montréal's labor market has been named the second most resilient in North America throughout the pandemic. Office spaces in downtown have become increasingly vacant due to remote work. Montreal is at particular risk because of its capacity to pivot to these new developments. Reduced visitor traffic in the downtown area as well as an increase in E-commerce puts commercial spaces and cultural institutions at high risk. Many businesses have closed permanently, especially in the tourism sector. The 2021 global inflation surge has also negatively impacted Montréal's economy. The Québec government has announced intentions to deploy an "Anti Inflation Shield". The city is suffering from an increasingly tense housing market. Gentrification in Plateau-Montréal and Mile End have added to the city's already existing ethno-cultural and socio-economic tensions. Montreal's plan to develop its knowledge economy has been under scrutiny in 2023. In order to preserve the cultural and linguistic roots of the region, the Québec government plans to increase tuition for out-of-province students. The obtained surplus is used to bolster francophone educational institutions. English speaking universities, primarily McGill and Concordia, have asked to review the plans. As of November 2023 the Québec government does not plan on changing their plans.


title: Economy of Montreal

text: The black market, or underground economy, involves the illicit production and exchange and goods and services outside government-sanctioned channels. In 2021, Quebec comprised $15.5 Billion CDN of Canada's $68.5 Billion CDN GDP for underground economic activity. In the province of Quebec, particularly in Montreal, the primary black market is for dyed fuel and diesel oil. Dyed fuel is prohibited for use in motor vehicles, and restricted for use exclusively by farmers and fisherman. Other underground markets pervasive in Montreal are related to tobacco, gambling, and prostitution. In Quebec, approximately 40% of cigarettes consumed are illegally sourced. This is largely attributed to the high tobacco tax, which reached $37.80 CDN per cigarette carton as of February 2023. Studies conducted in 2007 indicate a positive correlation between the tax burden imposed and the prevalence of the underground economy. Consequently, high tax rates create a risk premium that justifies engaging in illicit market activities, leading some dealers in Montreal to openly advertise their services. Another example of an endemic underground market in Montreal is construction. Organized crime, notably associated with Nicolo Rizzuto, the founder of the Montreal-based Sicilian Mafia group known as the Rizzuto crime family, has reportedly infiltrated the Quebec Federation of Labor. This has resulted in the Rizzuto family obtaining various public construction contracts in Montreal. Their construction company, Grand Royal Asphalt Paving, won four municipal park contracts from 1963 to 1966, worth a reported $350,000 CDN.


title: Economy of Montreal

text: Montreal's organised crime dates back to the early 1920s, when Vincenzo Cotroni immigrated to Montreal, Quebec. The Cotroni family were the first established Italian crime family in Montreal, and forged a strong connection during the 1950s with the Bonanno crime family. The Bonanno and Cotroni families worked together to oversee all of Montreal's drug trade. In 1973, an internal power struggle between the Sicilian and Calabrian factions of the family broke out and started the mafia war in Montreal. This war pitted the Rizzuto family against the Cotroni, and lasted for a decade. The war lasted for a decade, ending with the deaths of Paolo Violi and his brothers in the late 1970s. From the 1980s onwards, the Rizzuto family became the leading crime family of Montreal. Much of the reason behind organised crime in Montreal stem from the city's large seaport. Montreal's port represents a place where crime and economic activity intertwine. Illegal economy is part of international economic exchanges, meaning that all international hubs are of interest for crime families. Montreal's organised crime activity encompasses drug trafficking, illegal gambling, murder, loan sharking, extortion, racketeering and weapons trafficking. A report by the Canadian anti-corruption squad also linked organise crime to Montreal's construction industry and political parties. One of the UPAC showed that a "large number of Quebec construction businesses maintain links with criminal organisations", it additionally found that "it is impossible to evaluate the extent we can suspect how much the mafia exerts a presence and its influence in the construction industry.".


title: Economy of Montreal

text: After overtaking the Cotroni family in the mid-1970s, the Rizutto family has become the main crime family in Montreal. They exert influence over Quebec territory, as well as the province of Ontario. Nicolo Rizzuto immigrated to Montreal in 1954 from Sicily. He joined the Cotroni crime family, as the Sicilian faction of the organisation. Nicolo led the Sicilian faction during the 1970s mafia war and ousted the Cotroni family from power in 1980. However, in 1974 Nicolo had to flee to Venezuela after being asked to testify at CECO hearings. He appointed his son, Vito Rizzuto to take charge of the family's operations in Montreal. During the tensions between the two Montreal based families, Vito Rizzuto went to ask the approval of "The Commission" for the killing of Paolo Violi, a high-ranked member of the Cotroni crew. After the killings of many Cotroni members, and the murder of Violi in 1978, the Rizzuto family claimed their place as the leading organise crime family in Montreal. They consolidated ties with other crime groups across Canadian territory. The family was dubbed the Sixth Family, acknowledging their dominance and influence in Canadian, as well as their affiliation with the Five Families of Cosa Nostra in New York. Nicolo Rizzuto continued his illegal activities in Venezuela and expanded his family's allies internationally. He returned to Canada where he faced many charges and did time in prison, before being shot dead in 2010. Since, the Rizzuto crime family remains active in Quebec and Ontario, led by Nicolo's descendants.


title: KMFDM

text: The band's earliest incarnation included German drummer En Esch and British vocalist Raymond Watts, the latter of whom left and rejoined the group several times over its history. The trio recorded the band's earliest albums in Germany before Konietzko and Esch moved to the United States, where they found much greater success with seminal industrial record label Wax Trax!. German guitarist Günter Schulz joined in 1990; both he and Esch continued with the band until KMFDM broke up in 1999. Konietzko resurrected KMFDM in 2002 (Esch and Schulz declined to rejoin) on Metropolis Records, and by 2005 he had assembled a consistent line-up that included American singer Lucia Cifarelli, British guitarists Jules Hodgson and Steve White, and British drummer Andy Selway. Konietzko and Cifarelli moved back to Germany in 2007, while the rest of the band stayed in the U.S. Hodgson and White moved on to other pursuits between 2015 and 2017, leaving the band a working trio unofficially. In addition to these core members, dozens of other musicians have worked with the group across its twenty-two studio albums and over two dozen singles, with sales totaling in excess of two million records worldwide.


title: KMFDM

text: In April 2017, KMFDM revealed a new EP titled Yeah!; an album called Hell Yeah was released in August, with a U.S. tour planned in support of the releases for October. On June 23, Yeah! was released, followed by the release of Hell Yeah on August 18. Guitarists White and Hodgson were unavailable, so Konietzko recruited Chris Harms from Lord of the Lost to record the guitar parts. Harms, along with Lord of the Lost bandmates Pi (guitar) and Gared Dirge (keyboards), had been slated to perform as the live band for KMFDM's late 2017 tour. Lord of the Lost were unable to secure work visas to enter the U.S., so Andee Blacksugar was tapped to handle guitar tasks instead. Various highlights of the tour were captured live and can be heard on their fourth live album 'Live in the USSA', released the following year in 2018. The album sonically presents the band in a more stripped-down, drum laden heavy metal style containing their obligatory cutting guitar riffs, melded with the traditional keys, samples, programming and additional percussion courtesy of band mainstay Sascha Konietzko. The new quartet of Konietzko, Cifarelli, Selway, and Blacksugar announced the album, Paradise, for release on September 27, 2019. The band features a variety of guest appearances, including KMFDM co-founder Raymond Watts for the first time since 2003. In July 2022, the band announced a brand new album, Hyëna was released on September 9. The title track was revealed as a promotional single at the end of August.


title: KMFDM

text: The first major breakthrough in the band's critical reception was 1990's Naïve, called "one of their strongest releases" by Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic, "brilliant" by fellow AllMusic critic Ned Raggett, "superb" by Hinds, and "the most fun 'industrial dance' album ever" by Spin critic Chuck Eddy. The subsequent albums released in the 1990s were described as some of the band's strongest by AllMusic critic Greg Prato, with their metal guitars, industrial beats, and dance floor sensibilities praised by Ira Robbins and CMJ New Music Monthly critic Heidi MacDonald. Michael Saunders of the Boston Globe said of the band: "It's a small field, but KMFDM is tops in it: makers of dense, danceable, post-industrial torrents of noise. The German band specializes in fabricating aural assaults that can be intimidating to the uninitiated." MacDonald said in 1996, "With Ministry gone grindcore, Skinny Puppy just gone, and Nine Inch Nails a brand name, KMFDM is now the standard bearer of industrial", though Erlewine and Hinds felt the band was losing some steam towards the end of the decade.


title: Rydberg formula

text: As stressed by Niels Bohr, expressing results in terms of wavenumber, not wavelength, was the key to Rydberg's discovery. The fundamental role of wavenumbers was also emphasized by the Rydberg-Ritz combination principle of 1908. The fundamental reason for this lies in quantum mechanics. Light's wavenumber is proportional to frequency 1 λ = f c {\displaystyle \textstyle {\frac {1}{\lambda }}={\frac {f}{c}}} , and therefore also proportional to light's quantum energy E. Thus, 1 λ = E h c {\displaystyle \textstyle {\frac {1}{\lambda }}={\frac {E}{hc}}} (in this formula the h represents the Planck constant). Modern and legitimate understanding is that Rydberg's findings were a reflection of the underlying simplicity of the behavior of spectral lines, in terms of fixed (quantized) energy differences between electron orbitals in atoms. Rydberg's 1888 classical expression for the form of the spectral series was not accompanied by a physical explanation. Walther Ritz's pre-quantum 1908 explanation for the mechanism underlying the spectral series was that atomic electrons behaved like magnets and that the magnets could vibrate with respect to the atomic nucleus (at least temporarily) to produce electromagnetic radiation, but this theory was superseded in 1913 by Niels Bohr's model of the atom.


title: Rydberg formula

text: Rydberg's published formula was ± n N 0 = 1 ( m 1 + μ 1 ) 2 − 1 ( m 2 + μ 2 ) 2 {\displaystyle \pm {\frac {n}{N_{0}}}={\frac {1}{(m_{1}+\mu _{1})^{2}}}-{\frac {1}{(m_{2}+\mu _{2})^{2}}}} where n {\displaystyle n} is the observed wavenumber, N 0 {\displaystyle N_{0}} is a constant for all spectral series and elements, and the remaining values, m 1 , μ 1 , m 2 , μ 2 {\displaystyle m_{1},\mu _{1},m_{2},\mu _{2}} are integers indexing the various lines. When Bohr analyzes his model for the atom he writes ν = 2 π 2 m e 4 h 3 ( 1 τ 2 2 − 1 τ 1 2 ) {\displaystyle \nu ={\frac {2\pi ^{2}me^{4}}{h^{3}}}\left({\frac {1}{\tau _{2}^{2}}}-{\frac {1}{\tau _{1}^{2}}}\right)} where he uses frequency ν {\displaystyle \nu } (proportional to wavenumber). Thus he has been able to compute the value of Rydberg's heuristic constant N 0 {\displaystyle N_{0}} from his atom theory and set the integers μ 1 {\displaystyle \mu _{1}} and μ 2 {\displaystyle \mu _{2}} to zero. The effect is to predict new series corresponding to τ 2 = 1 {\displaystyle \tau _{2}=1} in the extreme ultraviolet unknown to Rydberg.


title: Rydberg formula

text: Finally, with certain modifications (replacement of Z by Z − 1, and use of the integers 1 and 2 for the ns to give a numerical value of 3⁄4 for the difference of their inverse squares), the Rydberg formula provides correct values in the special case of K-alpha lines, since the transition in question is the K-alpha transition of the electron from the 1s orbital to the 2p orbital. This is analogous to the Lyman-alpha line transition for hydrogen, and has the same frequency factor. Because the 2p electron is not screened by any other electrons in the atom from the nucleus, the nuclear charge is diminished only by the single remaining 1s electron, causing the system to be effectively a hydrogenic atom, but with a diminished nuclear charge Z − 1. Its frequency is thus the Lyman-alpha hydrogen frequency, increased by a factor of (Z − 1)2. This formula of f = c / λ = (Lyman-alpha frequency) ⋅ (Z − 1)2 is historically known as Moseley's law (having added a factor c to convert wavelength to frequency), and can be used to predict wavelengths of the Kα (K-alpha) X-ray spectral emission lines of chemical elements from aluminum to gold. See the biography of Henry Moseley for the historical importance of this law, which was derived empirically at about the same time it was explained by the Bohr model of the atom.


title: Pompey stone

text: From the 1840s to 1870s the stone was analyzed by several American archaeologists, historians and researchers. In 1842, Barber and Howe theorized in their book Historical Collections of the State of New York, that the stone could mark the resting place of a Spaniard who died after traveling from Florida in search of riches. The anthropologist Henry Schoolcraft's 1847 book Notes on the Iroqouis attributed it to a party that had been separated from one of the explorer Juan Ponce de León's expeditions searching for the Fountain of Youth, considering the text 'De L on' to reference 'de Leon' and the 'VI' a reference to six years after de Leon's discovery of Florida in 1512. Joshua V. H. Clark in his 1849 Onondaga, or Reminiscences also concluded that the stone might mark the burial ground of a dead Spanish explorer. Two years later E. G. Squier, an American archaeologist, published the book Antiquities of the State of New York, which endorsed the stone's authenticity. The author and researcher Buckingham Smith, in 1863, submitted a paper to the American Antiquarian Society that suggested that the stone was a memorial to a dead Spanish missionary and the inscription a reference to Pope Leo X. In the 1860s, John F. Boynton, an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and scientist, proposed that there were connections between the stone and the Cardiff Giant, another artifact that was later proven to be a hoax.


title: Pompey stone

text: In "the most elaborate defense" of the stone's authenticity, Henry A. Homes, librarian of the New York State Library, gave a lecture to the Oneida Historical Society on November 11, 1879, arguing that if it was not a hoax and was understood correctly, the stone held "the earliest evidence of the presence of the European in North America." He noted that the inscription's authenticity had never been questioned and that a Mr. Haven affiliated with the American Antiquarian Society deemed it well authenticated". Homes proceeded to analyze the commentary of his predecessors on the stone and concluded that none had reached a reasonable explanation. He concluded that the stone was a memorial to a European, likely Spanish and named Leo, who had been captured by a Native American tribe with several companions and adopted into the tribe. The stone was, he wrote, probably made by a companion upon his death in 1520. The historian Berthold Fernow cited Homes in Justin Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America .


title: Pompey stone

text: Beauchamp became skeptical of the stone's origins in 1894 upon hearing from a member of the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York that its authenticity had almost never been questioned. He traced the inscription, analyzed it, and concluded that the inscription was made by tools including at least two different cold chisels, a hammer or mallet, and a punch. He also considered the 'L' and the numbers to have been written in a modern style, rather than how they would have been written in the 16th century. Finally, Beauchamp argued that no natives had lived near the site in the 16th century. Based on this, he deemed the stone likely to date from the 19th century and published an article in the Syracuse Journal outlining his thoughts. In response to the article, John Edson Sweet wrote, also in the Journal, that his uncle Cyrus Avery had confessed to Sweet in 1867 that he had created the hoax. Sweet concluded his letter by calling the stone "nothing more or less than a joke".


title: Pompey stone

text: The stone was again exhibited in the New York State Museum in 1934, this time identified as a hoax. In 1953, Richard N. Wright, the president of the Onondaga Historical Association, wrote the museum's director Carl Guthe requesting that the stone be returned to Onondaga county, preferably permanently but at least temporarily. The state of New York continued to own the stone and loaned it to the town of Pompey in 1976 for their bicentennial celebrations. While it was there, Johanne D. Alexander, a member of the town's bicentennial committee, made a rubbing of the stone's inscription and was able to see the original work. In 2017, the William G. Pomeroy foundation and the New York State Folklore Society gave the Pompey Historical Society a grant to place a marker describing the hoax. As of 2018 the stone was held in the Museum of the Pompey Historical Society. Despite the hoax having been admitted, the museum's website still says "here continue to be rigorous arguments on both sides" as to the stone's authenticity.


title: Typhoon Agnes (1981)

text: Typhoon Agnes, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Pining, produced among the heaviest rains recorded during the 20th century in South Korea, with 710 mm (28 in) falling over a two-day span. The storm originated as a tropical depression near Guam on August 25, 1981. Moving along a west-northwest to northwest track, the system gradually strengthened as deep convection organized around it. The depression was assigned the name Agnes on August 27 following the development of gale-force winds. Further intensification to typhoon-status occurred by August 29. Agnes attained its peak intensity on August 31 over the East China Sea as a Category 2-equivalent on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale with winds of 175 km/h (109 mph). Subsequent interaction with a mid-latitude trough induced an extratropical transition as the cyclone slowed and turned north. The system had lost most of its tropical characteristics by September 1, with the majority of convection sheared northeast over South Korea and Japan. Agnes later accelerated northeast and completed its transition on September 3. The remnants continued along this course, impacting northern Japan and the Kamchatka Peninsula before last being noted on September 6 near the International Date Line.


title: Typhoon Agnes (1981)

text: Tracking west-northwest and later northwest around the southwestern edge of a subtropical ridge, steady intensification of the cyclone ensued. Early on August 27, a reconnaissance plane measured a central pressure of 994 mbar (994 hPa; 29.4 inHg) and flight-level winds of 85 km/h (53 mph), indicating the system had become a tropical storm. In light of this, the JTWC assigned the name Agnes to the storm. Additionally due to its proximity to the Philippines, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration dubbed the system with the local name Pining. Strengthening occurred at a climatological rate, with Agnes attaining typhoon-status on August 29. A large, banding eye-feature developed within the core of Agnes as it approached the Ryukyu Islands of southwestern Japan. The storm passed 170 km (110 mi) south of Okinawa around 06:00 UTC on August 30 and emerged over the East China Sea. Early on August 31, Agnes achieved its peak strength with winds of 175 km/h (109 mph) and an estimated central pressure of 947 mbar (hPa; 27.96 inHg). This ranked it as a Category 2-equivalent on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. The JMA estimated the system to have been slightly weaker, with ten-minute sustained winds of 150 km/h (93 mph) and a pressure of 950 mbar (hPa; 28.05 inHg).


title: Typhoon Agnes (1981)

text: As the storm moved over the East China Sea on September 1, Agnes began to interact with a mid-latitude trough situated south of South Korea and began a prolonged extratropical transition. Increasing wind shear exposed the center of the typhoon and displaced convection to the north and east. Subsequent slowing of the cyclone's forward speed as it turned northward resulted in an extended period of heavy rain for much of South Korea. The JTWC estimated Agnes to have become predominantly extratropical by the end of September 1, coinciding with the system weakening below typhoon intensity. The JMA, however, maintained the storm as a tropical system as it began moving northwest. The diminishing cyclone moved over the Korea Strait on September 3 and completed its extratropical transition that afternoon. Accelerating over the Sea of Japan, the remnant storm deepened slightly before striking the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido on September 4 with an estimated pressure of 976 mbar (hPa; 28.82 inHg). After moving over the Sea of Okhotsk, Agnes impacted the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia on September 5. The system then moved over the open waters of the North Pacific and was last noted near the International Date Line on September 6.


title: Electrical treeing

text: Another type of tree-like structure can form with or without the presence of water is called an electrical tree. It also forms within a polyethylene dielectric (as well as many other solid dielectrics). Electrical trees also originate where bulk or surface stress enhancements initiate dielectric breakdown in a small region of the insulation. This permanently damages the insulating material in that region. Further tree growth then occurs through as additional small electrical breakdown events (called partial discharges). Electrical tree growth may be accelerated by rapid voltage changes, such as utility switching operations. Also, cables injected with high voltage DC may also develop electrical trees over time as electrical charges migrate into the dielectric nearest the HV conductor. The region of injected charge (called a space charge) amplifies the electrical field in the dielectric, stimulating further stress enhancement and the initiation of electrical trees as the site of pre-existing stress enhancements. Since the electrical tree itself is typically partially conducting, its presence also increases the electrical stress in the region between the tree and the opposite conductor.


title: Polish Scouting and Guiding Association

text: In December 1944 the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN) reformed the scouting movement under the name of the pre-WWII scouting organization, though with authorities loyal to the new government and an ethos in line with that of the Soviet Pioneer Movement, pressuring the organization to become a member thereof, eventually altogether disbanding in even in that form in 1949. The organization was integrated into the Polish United Workers' Party, with most of its members now part of a new Soviet-style, government-sponsored pioneer organization – the Scouts of the Working Youth of Poland (Scouting Organisation of the Association of Polish Youth – Organizacja Harcerska Związku Młodzieży Polskiej or ZMP-OH), which retained the original Polish scouting movement's motto while adopting pioneer traditions of Eastern Bloc countries, save for the uniform and the pioneer salute used in the Soviet Union and other pioneer associations of the Eastern Bloc (the scouts retained the two-finger salute in honor of the young boys and girls who fought in the Second World War with both the Polish People's Army and the Home Army). The only existing part of pre-war ZHP is the ZHP pgK, established to serve Polish scouts outside their homeland.


title: Polish Scouting and Guiding Association

text: In 1989, after the period of peaceful transformation began, many groups of instructors formed separate Scouting organizations . These moves were prompted by political disagreements with the character of ZHP; they felt that its communist takeover left a permanent mark upon the organisation, and that the only way to effectively reform the movement was to found a new organisation. ZHR's founding will serve as an adequate example of this principle. After pope John Paul II's first pilgrimage to Poland in August 1980, some "non-conforming" instructors inside the ZHP created the Andrzej Małkowski Circle of Scout Instructors (KIHAM), with the objective to restore original Scout ideals. These instructors presented reformative motions to the 7th Congress of ZHP at the beginning of 1981, but these were all rejected. When martial law was imposed in December 1981, a large number of organisations were outlawed, so ZHR was forced to conduct their activities – weekly meetings, yearly camps and so on – underground. The underground movement came to light in the fall of 1988. After they were unsuccessful in reforming the ZHP their way, the ZHR was founded.


title: Polish Scouting and Guiding Association

text: In this reformative climate, ZHP did adopt some of Polish Scouting's pre-war traditions: e.g. the original oath and Scouts Law were reintroduced, and of course the overt communist aspects, such as the glorification of Lenin, were removed. However, the organisation remains co-educational. In 1993 Lech Wałęsa became the honorary protector of the ZHP, just like all former Polish presidents. In 1996 the ZHP rejoined the World Organization of the Scout Movement. The Scout Association is also a member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts , International Scout and Guide Fellowship, International Catholic Conference of Scouting, International Catholic Conference of Guiding. These memberships have allowed ZHP to claim the greatest legitimacy, successfully dominating the other organisations of Polish Scouting, such as ZHR and ZHP pgK, the organisation which brings together Polish Scouts in the international Emigree community, with members in Australia, Argentina, Belarus, Canada, France, Great Britain, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Sweden, the United States, Ukraine, among other countries with Polish residents in the diaspora and as such the organization is affiliated to the International Link of Orthodox Christian Scouts. ZHP PGK, also known as ZHP Świat, has adopted policies similar to those of the Boy Scouts of America, where agnostics and atheists are not allowed to be instructors.


title: Big Mama Thornton

text: Thornton described the audition during a 1970 Studs Terkel radio interview, saying "Show came through in the first of the '40s and called it 'Sammy Green's Hot Harlem Revue' as I mentioned earlier. They didn't have a singer, and so I asked him, I said, 'Give me an audition, let me sing'. I said, 'I've been singing all the little talent shows around here'. He said, 'Oh, little 'ole girl, you can't sing'. I said, 'Will you give me a try?' He said, 'Yeah, well, when the show start, say we gonna give a little audition for singers, 'cause I'm looking for a singer'. And so he give auditions. So I was there, he wrote my name down, and several people they sung, and then he said, 'Well, I, I want to see what you can do'. So I got up there, I had an old pair of jeans, one leg rolled up, I got up and I started singing one of Louis Jordan's song called "G.I. Jive", and I sung that song, and I sang this blues by Big Maceo, "Worried Life Blues" and he hired me. Out of 25 people, I was the 26th but then he hired me".


title: Menahem ben Solomon

text: Of Menahem's other work, the Eben Boḥan, only fragments are extant (Munich MS. No. 55). A part of it has been translated by Dukes, and it has been analyzed in detail by Bacher. This work, completed at Rome in 1143, in five months, was intended to prepare the author's three young sons for the study of the Bible. Menahem undertook to prepare for the first time in Hebrew a comprehensive manual of the Hebrew language and of Biblical exegesis. The work was divided into fifty parts; the first part, by far the largest and most valuable, was a dictionary of the Hebrew language; the other parts, now known only by their chapter-headings, dealt with grammar. The author follows chiefly Menahem ben Saruq; occasionally, and with diffidence, however, he advances his own views, and the entire conception of the form and contents of the work shows a certain degree of independence. It was intended, according to Bacher, to uphold Menahem b. Saruḳ's system against the teachings of Ḥayyuj and Ibn Janaḥ, introduced about that time into Italy by Abraham ibn Ezra.


title: Comarcas of the Basque Country

text: As with the municipalities across Spain, the populations of each comarca vary widely; rural sectors of Álava cover only a few thousand residents each, while its capital Vitoria-Gasteiz (which is also a single municipality) is considered either to be in its own comarca or by far the most prominent component of the wider Llanada Alavesa, containing over 250,000 residents under either arrangement. In Gipuzkoa, the Donostialdea comarca (population 330,000) includes not only the provincial capital San Sebastián (municipality population 185,000) but many of the smaller towns surrounding the city, leading to two further subdivisions being created in some contexts to represent these communities in a more balanced way. The most striking contrast is in Biscay, where the capital city Bilbao (again a single municipality with approximately 350,000 residents) is just one part of the Greater Bilbao comarca which has 850,000 within its boundaries. Bilbao's eight city districts are comparable in population to four of the province's other more rural comarcas, despite in theory being two administrative levels below.


title: Santosh Mehrotra

text: Santosh Mehrotra is a development economist, whose research and writings have had most influence in the areas of labour, employment, skill development, on the relationship between human development and economic growth, child poverty, and the economics of education. He was an economic adviser in the United Nations system in New York City, Italy, and Thailand , and technocrat in the government of India , apart from making contributions to academic research since the mid-1980s. He has also in recent years established a reputation as an institution-builder in the field of research in India, despite facing difficult odds. He brings a combination of professional experience: with the Indian government as a policy maker and adviser, with international organisations as a technical expert, having lived on three continents and travelled to 63 countries providing technical advice to governments; and as an academic whose research work has been translated into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and German.


title: Samia al-Aghbari

text: Samia is a journalist and human rights activist in Yemen. In 2007 she wrote an article that criticised President Ali Abdullah Saleh decision to run for another term. In response a pro-government newspaper published a story accusing her of having illicit relationship with foreign men. She sued the newspaper and won. She was one of leaders of the protest against President Ali Abdullah Saleh and one of the many women who joined the protest going against the traditional gender roles of women in Yemen. She would distribute flyers against the government. She would also keep a running tally of the Human rights abuses committed by government security forces. She was the secretary of the Rights and Freedoms Committee of the Journalists' Syndicate in Yemen. On 13 February 2011 she was physically assaulted, her attackers also attempted to kidnap her. She accused police officers who were nearby of not intervening. On 12 December 2012, she said Politics, religion and tribes are an ugly combination on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Jarallah Omar. She was soon accused of blasphemy for her comments by Islamists in Yemen. She has also spoken against the prosecution of the people of Bahá'í Faith in Yemen. She expressed despondency in the following the confusion that followed the ouster of President Saleh, feelings she said was shared by other democratic activists in Yemen. She is also a contributing writer to newspapers.


title: Takara (band)

text: After the release of Invitation To Forever guitarist and bandleader Neal Grusky was faced with some tough decisions. Feeling that the band had gone too far in the direction of a studio project with hired musicians contributing internationally, he opted to change the lineup once again in hopes of finding fresh local talent willing to pursue the local LA club scene. Grusky brought back Carl Demarco now "Carla DeMarco" "on bass, reuniting the core of Takara. After a long search for a suitable vocal talent, the band found Jamie Kelli, who had been regularly performing in the LA area. Drummer Gene McEwen, also active in the local scene, completed the lineup. With Kelli filling in temporarily on keyboards, Takara proceeded to prepare for a series of live shows intended to re-introduce the modern LA rock scene to both new and old material from the band. On October 30, 2010, Takara's new lineup performed their first live show to showcase new vocalist Jamie Kelli at Paladino's in Los Angeles, California. In October 2011, Takara announced they would be contributing a song to a Randy Rhoads/Ozzy Osbourne tribute album which was released in the spring of 2012 by Versailles Records. Takara recorded a version of the song "Little Dolls" from the 1981 album "Diary of a Madman".


title: Lucy (chimpanzee)

text: By the time she was 12 Lucy had become very strong and was very destructive in the Temerlin house. Eventually she was shipped to a chimpanzee rehabilitation center in The Gambia, accompanied by University of Oklahoma psychology graduate student Janis Carter. Carter intended to stay with Lucy for only three weeks to ease her transition to an outdoor habitat. Stella Marsden, who ran the chimpanzee rehabilitation project, stated that Lucy's age and background meant she was not a suitable candidate for rehabilitation. A more humane option for Lucy was to retire with other chimpanzees who could not be rehabilitated either and to continue to receive the food, magazines, toys et cetera that she had been accustomed to from birth. For years, Lucy was unable to relate to the other chimpanzees in the rehabilitation center and never reproduced, displaying sexual attraction only to humans. Lucy showed many signs of depression, including refusal to eat, and expressed "hurt" via sign language. Though her adopted Temerlin parents had stayed with Lucy for only a few weeks in The Gambia, Janis Carter remained at the Center for years, devoting a great deal of time to helping Lucy assimilate to life in the wild.


title: HMS Hecate (A137)

text: In June 1982, during the Falklands War, while her sister ship were used as hospital ships, Hecate was painted grey and given an armament of two 20 mm guns and Blowpipe surface-to-air missiles. On 23 July, after the ceasefire had ended the fighting, Hecate was sent to the South Atlantic to relieve HMS Endurance as Ice Patrol Ship while Endurance returned to Britain for a refit. Hecate conducted patrols and surveys in the South Atlantic. A survey was made at Mare Harbour in East Falkland, which later became the port facilities for RAF Mount Pleasant. A survey was also made of the Bay of Isles, South Georgia. Hecate visited British Antarctic Survey bases and spent Christmas in Grytviken, South Georgia, where the crew attended a candlelit Christmas mass in the settlement's old whaling church. The New Year was spent at the Falkland Islands before Hecate became the first Royal Navy ship to visit South America following the hostilities. Hecate embarked a Chilean pilot at Punta Arenas before sailing to Talcahuano, Chile via the Patagonian Channel. Following a brief visit, Hecate took passage through the Panama Canal for a four-day visit to Antigua. Hecate returned to the UK in February, 1983.


title: Harrison family of Virginia

text: The Virginia Harrisons comprise two branches, both with origins in northern England. One branch was led by Benjamin Harrison I, who journeyed from Yorkshire by way of Bermuda to Virginia before 1633 and eventually settled on the James River at Berkeley Plantation; they are often referred to as the James River Harrisons. Successive generations of this part of the family served in the legislature of the Colony of Virginia. Benjamin Harrison V also served in the Continental Congress, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and later was Governor of Virginia. This branch produced President William Henry Harrison, Benjamin V's son, and President Benjamin Harrison, William Henry's grandson, as well as another Virginia governor, Albertis Harrison. Descendants of the James River family include two Chicago mayors and members of the U.S. Congress. Sarah Embra Harrison of Danville, Virginia launched a decades-long church ministry, the "Pass-It-On Club", in the midst of the Roaring Twenties.


title: Harrison family of Virginia

text: The "Signer's" son Benjamin Harrison VI was for a time a successful businessman and also served in the Virginia House of Delegates. His brother was General William Henry Harrison who was also born at Berkeley, and served as a congressional delegate for the Northwest Territory; he was appointed in 1800 as Governor of the Indiana Territory, and served in the War of 1812. In the 1840 presidential election, William Henry defeated incumbent Martin Van Buren, but fell ill and died just one month into his presidency; Vice President John Tyler, a fellow Virginian and neighbor, succeeded him. William Henry was the father of Ohio Congressman John Scott Harrison who was the father of Benjamin Harrison , a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Benjamin also served in the U.S. Senate and was elected president in 1888 after defeating incumbent Grover Cleveland. According to his national obituaries, Albertis Harrison was another descendant; he served in the Virginia Senate , was then elected Attorney General of Virginia and later Governor . He was finally appointed Justice of the Virginia Supreme Court .


title: Buckeye–Shaker

text: The Buckeye Road neighborhood was known as Little Hungary and developed as the heart of Cleveland's Hungarian community in the late 19th century. By the 1920 United States Census, over 42,000 residents in Cleveland listed themselves as having been born in the Kingdom of Hungary, with a large portion of these residing in the Buckeye Road neighborhood. Like many immigrant groups, the Hungarians came to the United States looking for a better life, and those who settled in Cleveland came at a time when the city was one of the nation's leading industrial cities. Working primarily in the heavy manufacturing sector, these immigrants settled in their tightly knit community due to its close proximity to the steel mills and day-labor jobs where they worked. Between the end of World War II and 1970, the neighborhood represented one of the most powerful political blocs in Cleveland's Democratic Party. By the end of the 1970s, many of the original inhabitants of Buckeye Road had migrated to the suburbs as they ascended the economic ladder, in large part due to the white flight which had produced similar migrations out of the inner city in many US metropolitan areas. by the beginning of the 21st century, only a handful of the Hungarian residents remained in a neighborhood that today is predominately African-American. Benedictine High School, a Catholic high school and perennial football- powerhouse that boasts Chuck Noll as an alumnus, is located just south of Buckeye on Martin Luther King Jr. Drive.


title: Buckeye–Shaker

text: In September 1912, the Cleveland Board of Education ceded an area at the eastern end of Buckeye–Shaker, around what would later become Shaker Square, to the Shaker Heights Board of Education. Currently, Moreland Boulevard serves as the dividing line, with homes and businesses along Moreland and to the east being within the Shaker Schools and Library District and thus paying taxes, including real estate taxes, and participating in elections for the Shaker Heights City School District and Shaker libraries. Households and businesses west of Moreland continue to be part of the Cleveland Metropolitan School District and Cleveland libraries. Because of the ability to send their children to Shaker Schools, there has historically been a large number of individuals who work in Cleveland, particularly in city government, who live in the Shaker Schools area, or Buckeye–Shaker. This anomaly also led to this area being the center of Cleveland's black middle class prior to the integration of Shaker Heights.


title: Anna Ohmiya

text: For the 2007–08 season, Ohmiya joined the reigning Japanese champions Team Aomori as their alternate. The team, skipped by Moe Meguro, competed in the 2007 Pacific Curling Championships where they won the silver medal, qualifying Japan for the 2008 World Women's Curling Championship. They then won the 2008 Japan Curling Championships to qualify for the World Championship. At the Worlds, the team qualified Japan for the playoffs for the second time in history. After a 7–4 record round robin record, they beat Denmark's Angelina Jensen 7–3 in a tiebreaker to qualify for the playoff round. They then played Switzerland's Mirjam Ott in the 3 vs. 4 game where they won 6–4. This qualified them for the semifinal where they narrowly lost to Jennifer Jones of Canada 9–8 and then went on to lose the bronze medal game to Switzerland, finishing in fourth. The next season, Team Meguro again represented Japan at the 2008 Pacific Curling Championships. After a 6–2 round robin record, they lost to South Korea's Kim Mi-yeon in the semifinal game, earning the bronze medal. Despite going on to defend their title and win the 2009 Japanese national title, their third place finish was not enough to qualify them for the 2009 World Women's Curling Championship.


title: Anna Ohmiya

text: The 2009–10 season saw a lineup change for Team Aomori with Ohmiya moving up to play third on the team. As they were the two-time defending national champions, the team qualified for the final round of the 2009 Japanese Olympic Curling Trials to determine who would represent Japan at the 2010 Winter Olympics. There, they won all four of their games over Team Nagano to qualify for the Olympic Games. At the Games in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Team Aomori led Japan to a 3–6 round robin record, placing eighth overall at the event. In their three wins, they defeated Great Britain, Russia and the United States. Also during the 2009–10 season, the team represented Japan at the 2009 Pacific Curling Championships where they went through the round robin with a 6–2 record and then beat South Korea in the semifinal. They would lose in the final 10–3 to China's Wang Bingyu, however, had done enough to qualify Japan for the 2010 World Women's Curling Championship, which they would represent Japan at after again winning the Japanese Curling Championships. They would not have a good performance at the World Championship, finishing in eleventh place with a 2–9 record. Team Aomori skip Moe Meguro retired following the season and third Mari Motohashi left the team to move to Hokkaido.


title: Anna Ohmiya

text: After taking a season off, Ohmiya moved from Aomori to Hokkaido to join the Ayumi Ogasawara Hokkaido Bank Fortius curling team who were the top ranked team in Japan at the time. The team also included Sayaka Yoshimura at third, Kaho Onodera at second and Yumie Funayama as the alternate. On the World Curling Tour, they would win two events, the Prestige Hotels & Resorts Curling Classic and the Hub International Crown of Curling. Team Ogasawara represented Japan at the 2014 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, Ohmiya's first appearance at the event in four years. After a 5–3 round robin record, they lost to China's Liu Sijia in the semifinal. They were, however, able to pick up the bronze medal against New Zealand's Chelsea Farley. This would ordinarily not be enough to qualify Japan for the World Championships, but because Sapporo was hosting the event, Japan qualified for the 2015 World Women's Curling Championship. The team then competed in their national championship to determine who would represent Japan at the World Championship. After the round robin, they placed second with a 7–1 record, but defeated Loco Solare (Mari Motohashi) to qualify for the final where they once again played Motohashi. The team were successful in securing the national title by defeating Loco Solare 8–5 and qualifying for the World Championship. There, they placed just outside of the tiebreakers with a 6–5 record, ending in sixth place.


title: Anna Ohmiya

text: The team altered their lineup for the 2016–17 season, moving Yoshimura to alternate and Yumie Funayama to third. At the start of the season, Team Ogasawara finished runner-up at the Royal LePage Women's Fall Classic to the Robyn MacPhee rink. They played in one grand slam, the 2016 Tour Challenge, losing in a tiebreaker to Anna Hasselborg. At the national championship, they went 6–2 through the round robin before losing both the semifinal and bronze medal games, settling for fourth. The next season was more successful for the team, reaching the semifinals in five of their eleven tour events. They were not able to make it further than the semifinals in any of their events, however. They did not have the opportunity to compete to represent Japan at the 2018 Winter Olympics as only the Fujisawa and Chiaki Matsumura rinks were selected to compete in the 2017 Japanese Olympic Curling Trials. At the 2018 Japan Curling Championships, they went 7–1 through the round robin and once again won the 1 vs. 2 page playoff game to qualify for the final. There, they faced Koana's Fujikyu rink. Tied 3–3 with the hammer in the tenth end, Ogasawara missed her last shot and the team gave up a steal of two and the win to the Koana rink. Following the season, Ogasawara stepped away from competitive curling.


title: Anna Ohmiya

text: Team Yoshimura had a slow start to the 2019–20 season, only qualifying for the playoffs in three of their first eight events. They reached the semifinals of the 2019 Cargill Curling Training Centre Icebreaker and the quarterfinals of both the 2019 AMJ Campbell Shorty Jenkins Classic and the KW Fall Classic. They would find success at the first Grand Slam event of the season, however, reaching the playoffs of the 2019 Masters with a 3–1 record. They would then upset higher ranked teams Jennifer Jones and Silvana Tirinzoni before losing to Tracy Fleury in the final. It marked the first time an Asian team made it to a grand slam final, excluding defunct events. The team would not qualify in any of the three other Slams they participated in during the season, the 2019 Tour Challenge, the 2019 National or the 2020 Canadian Open. They once again finished third at the 2020 Japan Curling Championships after a semifinal loss to Chubu Electric Power (Seina Nakajima). The Japanese championship would be their last event of the season as both the Players' Championship and the Champions Cup Grand Slam events were also cancelled due to the pandemic.


title: Anna Ohmiya

text: In September 2021, the team competed in the 2021 Japanese Olympic Curling Trials, which were held in a best-of-five contest between the Yoshimura and Satsuki Fujisawa rinks. After winning the first two games, Team Yoshimura lost the final three games of the trials, not earning the right to represent Japan at the 2021 Olympic Qualification Event. They played in one Slam at the 2021 Masters where they went a winless 0–3 in the triple knockout bracket. They were, however, still able to represent Japan at the 2021 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships due to winning the 2021 national championship. There, they went 5–1 through the round robin, earning a direct bye to the final where they faced South Korea's Kim Eun-jung. Down one in the tenth, Team Yoshimura was once again able to score a deuce to win the game 6–5 and earn the gold medal. Because Team Fujisawa won the Olympic Trials series and were representing Japan at the 2022 Winter Olympics, a world championship trial was held between Hokkaido Bank Fortius, Chubu Electric Power and Fujikyu to determine who would represent Japan at the 2022 World Women's Curling Championship. Hokkaido Bank posted a 3–1 record in the qualifying round, earning them a spot in the best-of-three final against Nakajima. After splitting the first two games, the Nakajima rink took one in the tenth end of the final game to earn the berth as Team Japan at the World Championship. In December, the team added Mina Kobayashi as their alternate. Team Yoshimura ended their season at the 2022 Japan Curling Championships. After a 4–4 round robin record, they lost in the 3 vs. 4 page playoff game to Chubu Electric Power. Also during the 2021–22 season, the team's contract expired with Hokkaido Bank. They then formed their own team named Fortius.


title: Anna Ohmiya

text: In their first event of the 2022–23 season, Team Yoshimura won the 2022 Hokkaido Bank Curling Classic. They then won the Wakkanai Midori Challenge Cup two weeks later. In their next two events, they again reached the finals, losing the Argo Graphics Cup final to Sae Yamamoto and the ADVICS Cup final to Team Fujisawa. After a successful start to the season, Yuna Kotani was added at the third position in September 2022. The revised lineup of the team was Yoshimura at skip, Kotani at third, Onodera at second, Ohmiya at lead and Kobayashi as alternate with Yumie Funayama becoming the team's coach. In Canada, the team had back-to-back quarterfinal appearances at the S3 Group Curling Stadium Series and the 2022 Western Showdown, losing out to Stefania Constantini and Meghan Walter respectively. In December, Team Yoshimura competed in the 2022 Karuizawa International Curling Championships where they finished third, beating Loco Solare in the bronze medal game. In the New Year, the team played in the 2023 New Year Medalist Curling where they lost in the semifinals to Daniela Jentsch. It would be the team's last event of the 2022–23 season as positive cases of COVID-19 within the team forced them to withdraw from their qualifying round of the 2023 Japan Curling Championships.


title: WrestleMania Backlash (2022)

text: At WrestleMania 38, SmackDown's Universal Champion Roman Reigns defeated Raw's WWE Champion Brock Lesnar in a Winner Takes All match to claim both titles, thus becoming recognized as the Undisputed WWE Universal Champion. On the following episode of SmackDown, Reigns stated that he had nothing left to prove; however, he wanted his cousins, the SmackDown Tag Team Champions The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso), to replicate his feat by winning the Raw Tag Team Championship to bring more gold to The Bloodline. The Usos appeared on Raw the following week to issue a challenge to the Raw Tag Team Champions, RK-Bro (Randy Orton and Riddle), who accepted and the match was made official as a Winners Take All Championship Unification match at WrestleMania Backlash. However, on the April 29 episode, the contract signing for the match ended with Reigns assisting The Usos in attacking RK-Bro and tearing up the contract in the process. Drew McIntyre then came out and joined forces with RK-Bro in driving off The Bloodline from the ring. Because of what had transpired, Reigns' special counsel, Paul Heyman, then met with WWE official Adam Pearce backstage where Heyman announced that the resulting tag team championship unification match was called off and instead, a six-man tag team match pitting The Bloodline against RK-Bro and McIntyre was scheduled for WrestleMania Backlash.