<p>Measurements of audio quality or asthetic is done both with and without machine learning.
However most of the work focuses on speech reproduction, much less on general audio.</p>

<p>One can conduct listening tests, where a panel of human asessors listen to audio and give their score,
to establish a Mean Opinion Score (MOS).
There exists several standards for conducting these, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUSHRA" rel="nofollow noreferrer">MUSHRA</a>.
Such subjective scores form the basis of developing "objective metrics", which are algorithmic ways to estimate qualities of the audio.
Some early examples are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PESQ" rel="nofollow noreferrer">PESQ</a> for Speech Quality (ITU standard since 2001)
and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEAQ" rel="nofollow noreferrer">PEAQ</a> for Audio Quality (ITU standard since 1998).
More advanced include <a href="http://www.polqa.info" rel="nofollow noreferrer">POLQA</a> (ITU standard since 2011) and <a href="https://asa.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1121/1.4921674?TRACK=RSS" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ViSQOLAudio</a> (proposed in research).</p>

<p>The last years several papers have shown that one can learn such metrics using deep neural networks.
For speech quality, one recent paper (2019) is
<a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/intrusive-and-non-intrusive-perceptual-speech-quality-assessment-using-a-convolutional-neural-network/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Intrusive and Non-Intrusive Perceptual Speech Quality Assessment Using a Convolutional Neural Network</a>.</p>

<p>The only learned evaluation I have found for general Audio Quality or music quality is <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.08466" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Fréchet Audio Distance</a>.</p>
Measuring audio quality and appeal/aesthetic
<p>Is there any way to measure the <strong>quality</strong> and <strong>appeal/aesthetic</strong> of an audio clip? The quality quantifies how good the sound is, ie., the lower the noise the better the quality is. Whereas the appeal/aesthetic measures how appealing the sound is to the human. There exists some work for image quality and aesthetic assessment like <a href="https://ai.googleblog.com/2017/12/introducing-nima-neural-image-assessment.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">NIMA</a>, but not for sound/audio. Any method or references will be helpful.</p>