<p>A node containing elements and text node is a node with <em><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-mixed-content" rel="nofollow">mixed content</a></em>. You can declare that using the <code>mixed</code> attribute in <code>complexType</code>:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;complexType name="authorsType" mixed="true"&gt;
    &lt;sequence&gt;
        &lt;element name="author" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="arXiv:authorType"/&gt;
    &lt;/sequence&gt;
&lt;/complexType&gt;
</code></pre>

<p>Now <code>authorsType</code> accepts elements and text nodes containing character content.</p>

<p>See also: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-0-20010502/#mixedContent" rel="nofollow">XSD Spec - Mixed content</a></p>
In XML Schema, how to define an element which can have a text node and one which cannot
<p>I have the following XML snippet and corresponding XML Schema:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;authors&gt;
  &lt;author&gt;
    &lt;keyname&gt;Foo&lt;/keyname&gt;
    &lt;forenames&gt;Bar&lt;/forenames&gt;
  &lt;/author&gt;
&lt;/authors&gt;
</code></pre>

<p>Schema:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;element name="authors"  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="arXiv:authorsType"/&gt;

&lt;complexType name="authorsType"&gt;
  &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element name="author" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="arXiv:authorType"/&gt;
  &lt;/sequence&gt;
&lt;/complexType&gt;

&lt;complexType name="authorType"&gt;
  &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element name="keyname" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" type="string"/&gt;
    &lt;element name="forenames" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="string"/&gt;
    &lt;element name="suffix" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="string"/&gt;
    &lt;element name="affiliation" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="string"/&gt;
  &lt;/sequence&gt;
&lt;/complexType&gt;
</code></pre>

<p>But I am curious how would the schema look like to allow this:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;authors&gt;
  Text.
  &lt;author&gt;
    &lt;keyname&gt;Foo&lt;/keyname&gt;
    &lt;forenames&gt;Bar&lt;/forenames&gt;
  &lt;/author&gt;
&lt;/authors&gt;
</code></pre>