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Stepping back to look ahead: neuter encapsulation and referent extension in counter-argumentative and causal relations in Spanish
GIOVANNI PARODI, CRISTOBAL JULIO, LAURA NADAL, ADRIANA CRUZ, GINA BURDILES
Journal: Language and Cognition / Volume 11 / Issue 3 / September 2019
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 August 2019, pp. 431-454
Print publication: September 2019
In discourse comprehension, if all goes well, people tend to create a rich and coherent mental representation of the events described in the text. To do so, referential and relational coherence must be established in order to construct a connected discourse. The objective of this follow-up eye-tracking study (N = 72) is to explore the existence of an interaction effect between two factors: (a) the extension of the referent (short and long antecedent), and (b) the semantic relation (counter-argumentative a pesar de, and causal por), when processing the neuter pronoun ello in texts written in Spanish. No previous study has systematically compared the on-line processing of texts in which different extensions of the encapsulated anaphoric antecedent by the neuter pronoun ello ('this' or 'it' in English) are presented in diverse marked semantic relations (causal and counter-argumentative). Based on three eye-tracking measures, we found distinctive patterns of reading behavior when anaphoric neuter reference and semantic relations must be processed conjointly in order to construct a coherent mental representation. The main findings show that reading longer and more complex antecedents encapsulated by the neutral pronouns ello exerts more cognitive effort in late processing (Look Back measure), particularly when simultaneously and in the same discourse construction there is an explicitly marked counter-argumentative semantic relation. Implications for theories of referential and relational coherence are discussed.
From a steady plume to periodic puffs during confined carbon dioxide dissolution
P. Meunier, F. Nadal
Journal: Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 855 / 25 November 2018
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 September 2018, pp. 1-27
Print publication: 25 November 2018
In this paper, the stability of a laminar plume due to solutal convection is addressed from experimental, numerical and theoretical points of view. A topless vertical tube containing water is put in a pressure cell filled with carbon dioxide ( $\text{CO}_{2}$ ). The diffusion of $\text{CO}_{2}$ at the free surface creates a thin layer of heavy fluid underneath the surface. This unstable density gradient generates a steady laminar plume which goes downward through the entire tube. A quasi-steady flow settles in the tube, filling gradually the bottom of the tube with heavy fluid. During this laminar regime, the velocity of the plume slowly decreases due to the build-up of the background density gradient. Surprisingly, despite the decrease of the Reynolds number, the laminar plume suddenly destabilises via a varicose mode into periodic pulsed puffs after an onset time which depends on the height of the tube and on the solutal Rayleigh number $Ra$ . This periodic regime is followed by an aperiodic regime, which lasts until the complete saturation of the solution. The observed destabilisation is explained as a result of the interplay between the feedback of the global recirculating flow and the progressive density stratification of the background fluid. The wavelength, frequency, onset time and phase velocity of the instability are explored using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements over two decades of Rayleigh number. The characteristics of the instability appear to be almost independent of the Bond number but strongly dependent on the solutal Rayleigh number and the aspect ratio. The phase velocity is very close to the fluid velocity of the plume before the instability, which has been predicted in various works to scale as $Ra^{2/3}(\ln \,Ra)^{1/3}$ . The wavelength is close to 4.5 times the radius of the cylinder (independent of aspect ratio, Bond number and Rayleigh number) such that the frequency scales as the phase velocity. The onset time, which is proportional to the height of the cylinder, scales as $Ra^{-0.55}$ and depends on the Bond number. A simplified model inspired from Lorenz' waterwheel is proposed to explain the destabilisation process after partial fill-up of the cylinder. Although very qualitative, the model captures the key features of the experimental observations.
Salivary and urinary metabolome analysis for pre-puberty-related biomarkers identification in porcine
G. Goudet, L. Nadal-Desbarats, C. Douet, J. Savoie, C. Staub, E. Venturi, S. Ferchaud, S. Boulot, A. Prunier
Journal: animal / Volume 13 / Issue 4 / April 2019
Print publication: April 2019
Estrus synchronization is important for optimal management of gilt reproduction in pig farms. Hormonal treatments, such as synthetic progestogens, are used on a routine basis, but there is a growing demand for non-hormonal alternative breeding tools. Before puberty, gilts exhibit a 'waiting period,' related to the ovarian development and gonadotrophin secretions, during which external stimulations, such as boar exposure, could induce and synchronize first ovulation. Practical non-invasive tools for identification of this period in farms are lacking. During this period, urinary oestrone levels are high, but urine sampling is difficult in group-housed females. The aim of this work was to search for specific biomarkers of the 'waiting period' in saliva and urine. In total, nine 144- to 147-day-old Large White gilts were subjected to trans-abdominal ultrasonography three times a week for 5 weeks until puberty detection (week –5 to week –1 before puberty). Urine and saliva samples were collected for oestrone assay to detect the 'waiting period' and for metabolome analysis using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect potential biomarkers of the 'waiting period.' Gilts were slaughtered 7 days after puberty detection for puberty confirmation. Results were consistent with ultrasonography data for six gilts. Urine and saliva samples from these six gilts were analyzed. Urinary estrone concentration significantly increased 2 weeks before puberty detection. Metabolome analysis of urine samples allowed the identification of 78 spectral bins, among them, 42 low-molecular-weight metabolites were identified. Metabolome analysis of salivary samples allowed the identification of 59 spectral bins, among them, 23 low-molecular-weight metabolites were detected and 17 were identified. No potential biomarker was identified in urinary samples. In saliva, butyrate and 2HOvalerate, 5.79 ppm (putatively uridine), formate, malonate and propionate could be biomarker candidates to ascertain the pre-puberty period in gilt reproduction. These results confirm that non-invasive salivary samples could allow the identification of the physiological status of the gilts and presumably the optimal time for application of the boar effect. This could contribute to synchronize puberty onset and hence to develop non-hormonal breeding tools.
Effects of bisphenol A treatment during pregnancy on kidney development in mice: a stereological and histopathological study
P. Nuñez, T. Fernandez, M. García-Arévalo, P. Alonso-Magdalena, A. Nadal, C. Perillan, J. Arguelles
Journal: Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease / Volume 9 / Issue 2 / April 2018
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical found in plastics that resembles oestrogen in organisms. Developmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as BPA, increases the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. Animal studies have reported a nephron deficit in offspring exposed to maternal diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prenatal BPA exposure effects on nephrogenesis in a mouse model that was predisposed to T2DM. This study quantitatively evaluated the renal structural changes using stereology and histomorphometry methods. The OF1 pregnant mice were treated with a vehicle or BPA (10 or 100 μg/kg/day) during days 9–16 of gestation (early nephrogenesis). The 30-day-old offspring were sacrificed, and tissue samples were collected and prepared for histopathological and stereology studies. Glomerular abnormalities and reduced glomerular formation were observed in the BPA offspring. The kidneys of the BPA10 and BPA100 female offspring had a significantly lower glomerular number and density than those of the CONTROL female offspring. The glomerular histomorphometry revealed a significant difference between the female and male CONTROL offspring for the analysed glomerular parameters that disappeared in the BPA10 and BPA100 offspring. In addition, the kidney histopathological examination showed typical male cuboidal epithelial cells of the Bowman capsule in the female BPA offspring. Exposure to environmentally relevant doses of BPA during embryonic development altered nephrogenesis. These structural changes could be associated with an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases later in life.
Psychological models of art reception must be empirically grounded
Marcos Nadal, Oshin Vartanian, Martin Skov
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences / Volume 40 / 2017
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 November 2017, e371
We commend Menninghaus et al. for tackling the role of negative emotions in art reception. However, their model suffers from shortcomings that reduce its applicability to empirical studies of the arts: poor use of evidence, lack of integration with other models, and limited derivation of testable hypotheses. We argue that theories about art experiences should be based on empirical evidence.
8 - Altruism and Sexual Selection
from Part IV - Sexual Selection and Morality
By Lucrecia Burges, University of California, Camilo J. Cela Conde, University of Balearic Islands, Marcos Nadal, University of Vienna
Edited by Filomena de Sousa, Gonzalo Munévar
Book: Sex, Reproduction and Darwinism
Published by: Pickering & Chatto
Published online: 05 December 2014, pp 127-140
The central idea of evolutionary ethics is that human morality – including both moral sense and moral codes – can be explained in similar adaptive terms. Human beings have the morality they do because, through the process of evolutionary adaptation, such a morality enhances survival and reproduction of human groups.
Moral ability is a necessary consequence of our biological evolution. Human beings are ethical beings because of their biological nature, which makes them capable of judging their own behaviour as either good or evil, moral or immoral. This is a consequence of a characteristically human intellectual ability that includes self-awareness, symbolic language and abstract thought. These intellectual abilities emerge as a result of an evolutionary process similar to those of closely related primate species, but they have definitively acquired a specifically human character.
In a well-known section of his Descent of Man (1871), Charles Darwin grounded the capacity to behave in a moral manner on a uniquely human feature: the moral sense. He believed that this trait distinguished human beings from other living animals, though some, such as other primates, would exhibit it if their capacities could develop enough.
In the ethical naturalism inaugurated by Darwin, this notion of a moral sense linked morality to human nature. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the alleged moral sense were unclear. Darwin suggested that it emerged from the addition of sympathetic – i.e., emotive – impulses and the specifically human ability to reflect upon the consequences of our acts.
Natalia Maillard Álvarez, ed. Books in the Catholic World during the Early Modern Period. Library of the Written Word 33; The Handpress World 25. Leiden: Brill, 2014. xiii + 240 pp. $141. ISBN: 978-90-04-26289-8.
Marta M. Nadales
Journal: Renaissance Quarterly / Volume 67 / Issue 4 / Winter 2014
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 November 2018, pp. 1430-1432
Print publication: Winter 2014
8 - Evolutionary approaches to art and aesthetics
from PART II - Perspectives and approaches to art and aesthetics
By Marcos Nadal, Gerardo Gómez-Puerto
Edited by Pablo P. L. Tinio, Montclair State University, New Jersey, Jeffrey K. Smith, University of Otago, New Zealand
Book: The Cambridge Handbook of the Psychology of Aesthetics and the Arts
Print publication: 30 October 2014, pp 167-194
By DAVID BELL, DAVID CARR, ANJAN CHATTERJEE, GERALD C. CUPCHIK, ADRIAN FURNHAM, GERNOT GERGER, THALIA R. GOLDSTEIN, GERARDO GÓMEZ-PUERTO, PAUL HEKKERT, JAMES C. KAUFMAN, STEFAN KOELSCH, AARON KOZBELT, HELMUT LEDER, ANDRÉA LIVI SMITH, PAUL J. LOCHER, PHD, PAVEL MACHOTKA, STEFANO MASTANDREA, CHRIS MCMANUS, MARCOS NADAL, EMILY C. NUSBAUM, E. GLENN SCHELLENBERG, W. P. SEELEY, PAUL J. SILVIA, JEFFREY K. SMITH, LISA F. SMITH, KATHARINA STÖVER, VIREN SWAMI, SWATHI SWAMINATHAN, PABLO P. L. TINIO, OSHIN VARTANIAN, REBECCA YASSKIN
Print publication: 30 October 2014, pp xvii-xxvi
Nutrient regulation of glucagon secretion: involvement in metabolism and diabetes
Laura Marroquí, Paloma Alonso-Magdalena, Beatriz Merino, Esther Fuentes, Angel Nadal, Ivan Quesada
Journal: Nutrition Research Reviews / Volume 27 / Issue 1 / June 2014
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 April 2014, pp. 48-62
Glucose homeostasis is precisely regulated by glucagon and insulin, which are released by pancreatic α- and β-cells, respectively. While β-cells have been the focus of intense research, less is known about α-cell function and the actions of glucagon. In recent years, the study of this endocrine cell type has experienced a renewed drive. The present review contains a summary of established concepts as well as new information about the regulation of α-cells by glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and other nutrients, focusing especially on glucagon release, glucagon synthesis and α-cell survival. We have also discussed the role of glucagon in glucose homeostasis and in energy and lipid metabolism as well as its potential as a modulator of food intake and body weight. In addition to the well-established action on the liver, we discuss the effects of glucagon in other organs, where the glucagon receptor is expressed. These tissues include the heart, kidneys, adipose tissue, brain, small intestine and the gustatory epithelium. Alterations in α-cell function and abnormal glucagon concentrations are present in diabetes and are thought to aggravate the hyperglycaemic state of diabetic patients. In this respect, several experimental approaches in diabetic models have shown important beneficial results in improving hyperglycaemia after the modulation of glucagon secretion or action. Moreover, glucagon receptor agonism has also been used as a therapeutic strategy to treat obesity.
Stationary plume induced by carbon dioxide dissolution
F. Nadal, P. Meunier, B. Pouligny, E. Laurichesse
Journal: Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 719 / 25 March 2013
Print publication: 25 March 2013
In this paper, laminar convection flows induced by carbon dioxide absorption are addressed from experimental, numerical and theoretical points of view. A vertical glass tube (of centimetre scale) filled with distilled water is subjected to a sudden increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. As a result of the diffusion of the gas into the unsaturated solution, a thin layer of fluid located underneath the surface becomes heavier. This initial density gradient first destabilizes to form a plume, which goes downwards through the entire cell. After a first transient pulsating regime (periodic succession of such Rayleigh–Bénard plumes), a stationary flow settles in the tube, which is maintained by the constant supply of gas at the surface. At late stages, this stationary regime is followed by an aperiodic regime, which lasts until the complete saturation of the solution (thermodynamic equilibrium). The present study only focuses on the stationary regime, whose characteristics appear to be almost independent of the Bond number and the aspect ratio but strongly dependent on the chemical Rayleigh number. Three decades of Rayleigh numbers are explored using particle image velocimetry measurements, which allows for a precise determination of the scaling exponents for the vertical velocity amplitude and the plume width. The assumption that gravity and a constant pressure gradient balance the viscous effects enables us to derive an analytic expression for the stationary vertical velocity on the axis, which scales as ${\mathit{Ra}}^{2/ 3} \mathop{(\ln \mathit{Ra})}\nolimits ^{1/ 3} $ . As a consequence, the width of the plume scales as ${\mathit{Ra}}^{- 1/ 6} \mathop{(\ln \mathit{Ra})}\nolimits ^{- 1/ 3} $ and the mass Nusselt number as $\mathop{(\mathit{Ra}/ \ln \mathit{Ra})}\nolimits ^{1/ 3} $ . These scalings are in excellent agreement with the experimental and numerical results. The multiplicative constants of these scalings can also be calculated and show a fairly good agreement if a rigid boundary condition (no-slip) is assumed at the free surface.
Polyamines in human breast milk for preterm and term infants
J. Plaza-Zamora, M. Sabater-Molina, M. Rodríguez-Palmero, M. Rivero, V. Bosch, J. M. Nadal, S. Zamora, E. Larqué
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 110 / Issue 3 / 14 August 2013
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 January 2013, pp. 524-528
Print publication: 14 August 2013
Maternal milk is the first source of exogenous polyamines for the newborn. Polyamines modulate gut maturation in neonates, but no studies are available on polyamine concentration in human milk of preterm babies, even though they could be important for their immature gut. The present study aimed to determine polyamine concentration in human breast milk of mothers with preterm or term infants during the first month of lactation. Human milk samples were obtained during the first month of lactation from twenty-seven mothers with preterm babies and twelve mothers with babies born at term. The polyamine concentration in human milk was quantified by HPLC. During the first month of lactation, the total polyamine concentration was significantly higher in preterm milk than in term milk samples (7590 (sd 4990) v. 4660 (sd 4830) nmol/l, respectively (P =0·034)), as well as individual polyamine concentrations. Polyamine concentration in mature milk for preterm babies was significantly higher than that in mature milk for babies at term, and a similar trend was observed in colostrum and transition human milk. The spermidine/spermine ratio was higher in transition milk in preterm v. term samples, while in mature milk, the ratio was significantly lower in preterm than in term babies. In conclusion, the polyamine concentration was significantly higher in human milk for preterm than for term infants. This and the different spermidine/spermine ratios could influence the gut development of premature babies.
3 - The interactions of trade, macroeconomic policies and sustainability
from Part I - Global trade governance
By Alejandro Nadal
Edited by Carolyn Deere Birkbeck
Book: Making Global Trade Governance Work for Development
Print publication: 18 August 2011, pp 76-99
The relation between trade liberalization and the environment has been the object of many studies, both in the academic and the policy-making communities. Myriad research projects have been carried out at the sector level or at the economy-wide level, using applied general equilibrium models. A great variety of environmental dimensions have been covered by these studies (Khan 2002; UNEP-IISD 2005; Gallagher 2008). However, one crucial theme has escaped most of these analyses. It is the fact that trade liberalization is but one component of a bigger policy package in which monetary and fiscal policies, financial deregulation and income policies play a much more important role in determining and shaping the economic forces that affect the environment. Trade and environment studies are too often carried out as if the other macroeconomic policies did not matter. Even themes such as subsidies and exchange rate manipulation are seen through the lens of trade policy, not as key components of fiscal and monetary policies. This is unfortunate because it is difficult to interpret the impact of trade and trade liberalization on the environment (and on people's livelihoods) without an analysis of the entire set of macroeconomic policies that condition trade dynamics.
This chapter makes the argument that taking sustainability objectives seriously demands that we examine global trade, and its governance, not in isolation but in light of their interaction with the other components of macroeconomic policies and governance systems.
Immunostimulatory effect of faecal Bifidobacterium species of breast-fed and formula-fed infants in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell/Caco-2 co-culture system
T. Pozo-Rubio, J. R. Mujico, A. Marcos, E. Puertollano, I. Nadal, Y. Sanz, E. Nova
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 106 / Issue 8 / 28 October 2011
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 May 2011, pp. 1216-1223
Print publication: 28 October 2011
Bifidobacterium spp. typical of the human intestinal microbiota are believed to influence the balance of immune responses in the intestinal mucosa. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different bifidobacterial species and their mixtures in in vitro experiments with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Caco-2 cells. Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. angulatum, B. breve, B. catenulatum, B. infantis, B. longum and two combinations of these bifidobacteria simulating the species composition found in faecal samples from breast-fed (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants were used. The levels of several cytokines were measured by direct stimulation of PBMC and by stimulation of a Caco-2/PBMC co-culture with bifidobacteria. B. catenulatum and B. breve were the strongest enhancers of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by direct stimulation of PBMC. B. longum was the highest inducer of IL-10 and the lowest TNF-α stimulus. In the Caco-2/PBMC system, B. breve was the highest inducer of IL-8 production by Caco-2 cells, significantly different from B. infantis, B. adolescentis and the FF mixture (P < 0·05). IFN-γ produced by PBMC stimulated with the BF mixture (containing 22 % B. breve, compared with 7 % in the FF mixture) was significantly higher compared with B. adolescentis, B. infantis and B. longum. B. adolescentis also inhibited IFN-γ production compared with the FF mixture and B. longum. The proportion of different Bifidobacterium strains seems to be an important determinant of the cytokine balance in the simulated intestinal environment studied. B. breve and the combination of the Bifidobacterium species typically found in the microbiota of BF infants have shown the most significant effects.
Precessional instability of a fluid cylinder
ROMAIN LAGRANGE, PATRICE MEUNIER, FRANÇOIS NADAL, CHRISTOPHE ELOY
Journal: Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 666 / 10 January 2011
Print publication: 10 January 2011
In this paper, the instability of a fluid inside a precessing cylinder is addressed theoretically and experimentally. The precessional motion forces Kelvin modes in the cylinder, which can become resonant for given precessional frequencies and cylinder aspect ratios. When the Reynolds number is large enough, these forced resonant Kelvin modes eventually become unstable. A linear stability analysis based on a triadic resonance between a forced Kelvin mode and two additional free Kelvin modes is carried out. This analysis allows us to predict the spatial structure of the instability and its threshold. These predictions are compared to the vorticity field measured by particle image velocimetry with an excellent agreement. When the Reynolds number is further increased, nonlinear effects appear. A weakly nonlinear theory is developed semi-empirically by introducing a geostrophic mode, which is triggered by the nonlinear interaction of a free Kelvin mode with itself in the presence of viscosity. Amplitude equations are obtained coupling the forced Kelvin mode, the two free Kelvin modes and the geostrophic mode. They show that the instability saturates to a fixed point just above threshold. Increasing the Reynolds number leads to a transition from a steady saturated regime to an intermittent flow in good agreement with experiments. Surprisingly, this weakly nonlinear model still gives a correct estimate of the mean flow inside the cylinder even far from the threshold when the flow is turbulent.
Self-organised critical hot spots of criminal activity
H. BERESTYCKI, J.-P. NADAL
Journal: European Journal of Applied Mathematics / Volume 21 / Issue 4-5 / October 2010
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 July 2010, pp. 371-399
Print publication: October 2010
In this paper1 we introduce a family of models to describe the spatio-temporal dynamics of criminal activity. It is argued here that with a minimal set of mechanisms corresponding to elements that are basic in the study of crime, one can observe the formation of hot spots. By analysing the simplest versions of our model, we exhibit a self-organised critical state of illegal activities that we propose to call a warm spot or a tepid milieu2 depending on the context. It is characterised by a positive level of illegal or uncivil activity that maintains itself without exploding, in contrast with genuine hot spots where localised high level or peaks are being formed. Within our framework, we further investigate optimal policy issues under the constraint of limited resources in law enforcement and deterrence. We also introduce extensions of our model that take into account repeated victimisation effects, local and long range interactions, and briefly discuss some of the resulting effects such as hysteresis phenomena.
Modelling the individual and collective dynamics of the propensity to offend
J.-P. NADAL, M. B. GORDON, J. R. IGLESIAS, V. SEMESHENKO
We introduce a general framework for modelling the dynamics of the propensity to offend in a population of (possibly interacting) agents. We consider that each agent has an 'honesty index' which parameterizes his probability of abiding by the law. This probability also depends on a composite parameter associated to the attractiveness of the crime outcome and of the crime setting (the context which makes a crime more or less likely to occur, such as the presence or not of a guardian). Within this framework we explore some consequences of the working hypothesis that punishment has a deterrent effect, assuming that, after a criminal act, an agent's honesty index may increase if he is caught and decrease otherwise. We provide both analytical and numerical results. We show that in the space of parameters characterizing the probability of punishment, there are two 'phases': one corresponding to a population with a low crime rate and the other to a population with a large crime rate. We speculate on the possible existence of a self-organized state in which, due to the society reaction against crime activities, the population dynamics would be stabilized on the critical line, leading to a wide distribution of propensities to offend in the population. In view of empirical works on the causes of the recent evolution of crime rates in developed countries, we discuss how changes of socio-economic conditions may affect the model parameters, and hence the crime rate in the population. We suggest possible extensions of the model that will allow us to take into account more realistic features.
Gut colonisation process of newborns and breast-fed babies at risk of developing coeliac disease
G. De Palma, I. Nadal, A. Capilla, E. Nova, A. Marcos, T. Pozo, V. Varea, I. Polanco, G. Castillejo, C. Ribes-Coninckx, J. A. Garrote, C. Calvo, M. D. Garcia-Novo, A. López, M. L. Cilleruelo, F. Palau, Y. Sanz
Journal: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 69 / Issue OCE3 / 2010
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 June 2010, E245
Differential effect of Bifidobacterium species on cytokine production in a Caco-2/PBMC co-culture system
T. Pozo, I. Nadal, A. Marcos, Y. Sanz, E. Nova
Non-resonant viscous theory for the stability of a fluid-filled gyroscope
JEAN-PIERRE LAMBELIN, FRANÇOIS NADAL, ROMAIN LAGRANGE, ARTHUR SARTHOU
In the case of a gyroscope including a cylindrical fluid-filled cavity, the classic Poinsot's coning motion can become unstable. For certain values of the solid inertia ratio, the coning angle opens under the effect of the hydrodynamic torque. The coupled dynamics of such a non-solid system is ruled by four dimensionless numbers: the small viscous parameter ε = Re−1/2 (where Re denotes the Reynolds number), the fluid–solid inertia ratio κ which quantifies the proportion of liquid relative to the total mass of the gyroscope, the solid inertia ratio σ and the aspect ratio h of the cylindrical cavity. The calculation of the hydrodynamic torque on the solid part of the gyroscope requires the preliminary evaluation of the possibly resonant flow inside the cavity. The hydrodynamic scaling used to derive such a flow essentially depends on the relative values of κ and ε. For small values of the ratio /ε (compared to 1), Gans derived an expression of the growth rate of the coning angle. The principles of Gans' approach (Gans, AIAA J., vol. 22, 1984, pp. 1465–1471) are briefly recalled but the details of the whole calculation are not given. At the opposite limit, that is for large values of /ε, the dominating flow is given by a linear inviscid theory. In order to take account of viscous effects, we propose a direct method involving an exhaustive calculation of the flow at order ε. We show that the deviations from Stewartson's inviscid theory (Stewartson, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 5, 1958, p. 577) do not originate from the viscous shear at the walls but rather from the bulk pressure at order ε related to the Ekman suction. Physical contents of Wedemeyer's heuristic theory (Wedemeyer, BRL Report N 1325, 1966) are analysed in the view of our analytical results. The latter are tested numerically in a large range of parameters. Complete Navier–Stokes (NS) equations are solved in the cavity. The hydrodynamic torque obtained by numerical integration of the stress is used as a forcing term in the coupled fluid–solid equations. Numerical results and analytical predictions show a fairly good quantitative agreement.