Results for 'Jordan Fullam'
1000+ found
"Listen Then, or, Rather, Answer": Contemporary Challenges to Socratic Education.Jordan Fullam - 2015 - Educational Theory 65 (1):53-71.details
The popularity of Jacques Rancière in recent work in educational philosophy has rejuvenated discussion of the merits and weaknesses of Socratic education, both in Plato's dialogues and in invocations of Socrates in contemporary educational practice. In this essay Jordan Fullam explores the implications of this trend through comparing Rancière's educational thought to an analysis of the relationship between dialectic and stultification in Plato's Republic. This task clarifies what is useful in the recent wave of scholarship that brings Rancière's (...) work to bear upon Socratic education, and what we might redeem in the practice of teaching that Plato assigns to the character of Socrates in the Republic. Fullam also draws on the educational literature on Socratic education to provide further context to explore the usefulness of both Rancière and Socrates for contemporary teaching. (shrink)
Recursive Distributed Representations.Jordan B. Pollack - 1990 - Artificial Intelligence 46 (1-2):77-105.details
Connectionism and Compositionality in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Is the No-Minimum Claim True? Reply to Cullison: Jeff Jordan.Jeff Jordan - 2011 - Religious Studies 47 (1):125-127.details
Is the no-minimum claim true? I have argued that it is not. Andrew Cullison contends that my argument fails, since human sentience is variable; while Michael Schrynemakers has contended that the failure is my neglect of vagueness. Both, I argue, are wrong.
Probability in the Philosophy of Religion, Misc in Philosophy of Probability
The Argument from Evil in Philosophy of Religion
Authentic Christian Bioethics: Engelhardt's Relationship Between Faith and Reason Critically Reassessed.G. M. Fullam - 2014 - Christian Bioethics 20 (2):196-209.details
Biomedical Ethics in Applied Ethics
The Design Inference: Eliminating Chance Through Small Probabilities.Jordan Howard Sobel - 2003 - Mind 112 (447):521-525.details
Chance and Objective Probability in Philosophy of Probability
Interpretation of Probability in Philosophy of Probability
Forward Models: Supervised Learning with a Distal Teacher.Michael I. Jordan & David E. Rumelhart - 1992 - Cognitive Science 16 (3):307-354.details
Artificial Versus Substantial Gauge Symmetries: A Criterion and an Application to the Electroweak Model.Jordan François - 2019 - Philosophy of Science 86 (3):472-496.details
To systematically answer the generalized Kretschmann objection, I propose a mean to make operational a criterion widely recognized as allowing one to decide whether the gauge symmetry of a theory is artificial or substantial. My proposition is based on the dressing field method of gauge symmetry reduction, a new simple tool from mathematical physics. This general scheme allows one in particular to straightforwardly argue that the notion of spontaneous symmetry breaking is superfluous to the empirical success of the electroweak theory. (...) Important questions regarding the context of justification of the theory then arise. (shrink)
The Psychological Slippery Slope From Physician-Assisted Death to Active Euthanasia: A Paragon of Fallacious Reasoning.Jordan Potter - 2019 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 22 (2):239-244.details
In the debate surrounding the morality and legality of the practices of physician-assisted death and euthanasia, a common logical argument regularly employed against these practices is the "slippery slope argument." One formulation of this argument claims that acceptance of physician-assisted death will eventually lead down a "slippery slope" into acceptance of active euthanasia, including its voluntary, non-voluntary, and/or involuntary forms, through psychological and social processes that warp a society's values and moral perspective of a practice over an extended period of (...) time. This formulation is known as the psychological slippery slope argument. This paper analyzes the psychological slippery slope argument as it is applied to the practice of physician-assisted death, and utilizing recent empirical evidence from various nations around the world that practice physician-assisted death and/or euthanasia, the paper argues that employing the psychological slippery slope argument against physician-assisted death is logically fallacious, this kind of slippery slope is unfounded in practice, and thus the psychological slippery slope argument is insufficient on its own to justify continued legal prohibition of physician-assisted death. (shrink)
The Jordan Curve Theorem and the Schönflies Theorem in Weak Second-Order Arithmetic.Nobuyuki Sakamoto & Keita Yokoyama - 2007 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 46 (5-6):465-480.details
In this paper, we show within ${\mathsf{RCA}_0}$ that both the Jordan curve theorem and the Schönflies theorem are equivalent to weak König's lemma. Within ${\mathsf {WKL}_0}$ , we prove the Jordan curve theorem using an argument of non-standard analysis based on the fact that every countable non-standard model of ${\mathsf {WKL}_0}$ has a proper initial part that is isomorphic to itself (Tanaka in Math Logic Q 43:396–400, 1997).
Areas of Mathematics in Philosophy of Mathematics
Realism and Anti-Realism About Experiences of Understanding.Jordan Dodd - 2014 - Philosophical Studies 168 (3):745-767.details
Strawson (1994) and Peacocke (1992) introduced thought experiments that show that it seems intuitive that there is, in some way, an experiential character to mental events of understanding. Some (e.g., Siewert 1998, 2011; Pitt 2004) try to explain these intuitions by saying that just as we have, say, headache experiences and visual experiences of blueness, so too we have experiences of understanding. Others (e.g., Prinz 2006, 2011; Tye 1996) propose that these intuitions can be explained without positing experiences of understanding. (...) Call this the debate between Realism and Anti-Realism about experiences of understanding. This paper aims to advance that debate in two ways. In the first half, I develop more precise characterizations of what Realists and Anti-Realists propose. In the second half, I distinguish the four most plausible versions of Anti-Realism and argue that Realism better explains the target intuition than any of them does. (shrink)
Cognitive Phenomenology in Philosophy of Mind
Conscious Thought in Philosophy of Mind
Understanding in Epistemology
Utilitarian Principles for Imperfect Agents.Jordan Howard Sobel - 1982 - Theoria 48 (3):113-126.details
Actualism and Possibilism in Ethics in Normative Ethics
Born–Jordan Quantization and the Equivalence of the Schrödinger and Heisenberg Pictures.Maurice A. de Gosson - 2014 - Foundations of Physics 44 (10):1096-1106.details
The aim of the famous Born and Jordan 1925 paper was to put Heisenberg's matrix mechanics on a firm mathematical basis. Born and Jordan showed that if one wants to ensure energy conservation in Heisenberg's theory it is necessary and sufficient to quantize observables following a certain ordering rule. One apparently unnoticed consequence of this fact is that Schrödinger's wave mechanics cannot be equivalent to Heisenberg's more physically motivated matrix mechanics unless its observables are quantized using this rule, (...) and not the more symmetric prescription proposed by Weyl in 1926, which has become the standard procedure in quantum mechanics. This observation confirms the superiority of Born–Jordan quantization, as already suggested by Kauffmann. We also show how to explicitly determine the Born–Jordan quantization of arbitrary classical variables, and discuss the conceptual advantages in using this quantization scheme. We finally suggest that it might be possible to determine the correct quantization scheme by using the results of weak measurement experiments. (shrink)
History of Quantum Mechanics in Philosophy of Physical Science
Quantum Mechanics, Miscellaneous in Philosophy of Physical Science
Agent-Regret and the Social Practice of Moral Luck.Jordan MacKenzie - 2017 - Res Philosophica 94 (1):95-117.details
Agent-regret seems to give rise to a philosophical puzzle. If we grant that we are not morally responsible for consequences outside our control, then agent-regret—which involves self-reproach and a desire to make amends for consequences outside one's control—appears rationally indefensible. But despite its apparent indefensibility, agent-regret still seems like a reasonable response to bad moral luck. I argue here that the puzzle can be resolved if we appreciate the role that agent-regret plays in a larger social practice that helps us (...) deal with bad moral luck. That agent-regret is a component in a social practice limits the questions that we can reasonably ask about it. While we can ask whether an experience of agent-regret is rational given the norms of this practice, we cannot ask the question that motivates the puzzle of agent-regret, viz. whether agent-regret is rationally defensible according to the Standard View. (shrink)
Bernard Williams in 20th Century Philosophy
Moral Phenomenology in Normative Ethics
Responsibility and Emotion in Normative Ethics
The Co-Evolution of Intersubjectivity and Bodily Mimesis.Jordan Zlatev - 2008 - In J. Zlatev, T. Racine, C. Sinha & E. Itkonen (eds.), The Shared Mind: Perspectives on Intersubjectivity. John Benjamins. pp. 215--244.details
20th Century Continental Philosophy in 20th Century Philosophy
Husserl: Philosophy of Mind in Continental Philosophy
Logic and Theism: Arguments for and Against Beliefs in God.Jordan Howard Sobel - 2003 - Cambridge University Press.details
This is a wide-ranging 2004 book about arguments for and against beliefs in God. The arguments for the belief are analysed in the first six chapters and include ontological arguments from Anselm to Gödel, the cosmological arguments of Aquinas and Leibniz, and arguments from evidence for design and miracles. The next two chapters consider arguments against belief. The last chapter examines Pascalian arguments for and against belief in God. There are discussions of Cantorian problems for omniscience, of challenges to divine (...) omnipotence, and of the compatibility of everlasting complete knowledge of the world with free-will. There are appendices that present formal proofs in a system for quantified modal logic, a theory of possible worlds, notes on Cantorian set theory, and remarks concerning non-standard hyperreal numbers. This book will be a valuable resource for philosophers of religion and theologians and will interest logicians and mathematicians as well. (shrink)
Leibniz: Philosophy of Religion in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
$57.79 used $63.99 new Amazon page
Wild Bodies Don't Need to Perceive, Detect, Capture, or Create Meaning: They ARE Meaning.J. Scott Jordan, Vincent T. Cialdella, Alex Dayer, Matthew D. Langley & Zachery Stillman - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.details
Language May Indeed Influence Thought.Jordan Zlatev & Johan Blomberg - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.details
Developing U.S. Oversight Strategies for Nanobiotechnology: Learning From Past Oversight Experiences.Jordan Paradise, Susan M. Wolf, Jennifer Kuzma, Aliya Kuzhabekova, Alison W. Tisdale, Efrosini Kokkoli & Gurumurthy Ramachandran - 2009 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 37 (4):688-705.details
The emergence of nanotechnology, and specifically nanobiotechnology, raises major oversight challenges. In the United States, government, industry, and researchers are debating what oversight approaches are most appropriate. Among the federal agencies already embroiled in discussion of oversight approaches are the Food and Drug Administration , Environmental Protection Agency , Department of Agriculture , Occupational Safety and Health Administration , and National Institutes of Health . All can learn from assessment of the successes and failures of past oversight efforts aimed at (...) emerging technologies. This article reports on work funded by the National Science Foundation aimed at learning the lessons of past oversight efforts. The article offers insights that emerge from comparing five oversight case studies that examine oversight of genetically engineered organisms in the food supply, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, chemicals in the workplace, and gene therapy. Using quantitative and qualitative analysis, the authors present a new way of evaluating oversight. (shrink)
Nanotechnology in Applied Ethics
How Do Somatic Markers Feature in Decision Making?Jordan Bartol & Stefan Linquist - 2015 - Emotion Review 7 (1):81-89.details
Several recent criticisms of the somatic marker hypothesis (SMH) identify multiple ambiguities in the way it has been formulated by its chief proponents. Here we provide evidence that this hypothesis has also been interpreted in various different ways by the scientific community. Our diagnosis of this problem is that SMH lacks an adequate computational-level account of practical decision making. Such an account is necessary for drawing meaningful links between neurological- and psychological-level data. The paper concludes by providing a simple, five-step (...) model of practical decision making. Recasting SMH in terms of this model generates more precise and empirically tractable computational-level hypotheses about the various ways that somatic markers might influence practical decisions. (shrink)
Emotion and Reason in Philosophy of Mind
Emotions and Appraisals in Philosophy of Mind
Explanation in Cognitive Science in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Explanation in Neuroscience in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Dr. Jordan and Spencer's Unknowable: Reply.E. Jordan - 1912 - Philosophical Review 21 (3):359.details
Best Interests Versus Resource Allocation: Could COVID-19 Cloud Decision-Making for the Cognitively Impaired?Jordan A. Parsons & Harleen Kaur Johal - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (7):447-450.details
The COVID-19 pandemic is putting the NHS under unprecedented pressure, requiring clinicians to make uncomfortable decisions they would not ordinarily face. These decisions revolve primarily around intensive care and whether a patient should undergo invasive ventilation. Certain vulnerable populations have featured in the media as falling victim to an increasingly utilitarian response to the pandemic—primarily those of advanced years or with serious existing health conditions. Another vulnerable population potentially at risk is those who lack the capacity to make their own (...) care decisions. Owing to the pandemic, there are increased practical and normative challenges to following the requirements of the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Both capacity assessments and best interests decisions may prove more difficult in the current situation. This may create a more paternalistic situation in decisions about the care of the cognitively impaired which is at risk of taking on a utilitarian focus. We look to these issues and consider whether there is a risk of patients who lack capacity to make their own care decisions being short-changed. (shrink)
COVID-19 in Philosophy of Science, Misc
Self-Doubts and Dutch Strategies.Jordan Howard Sobel - 1987 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 65 (1):56 – 81.details
Formal Epistemology in Epistemology
An Anatomy of Values: Problems of Personal and Social Choice.Jordan Howard Sobel - 1974 - Philosophical Review 83 (1):131-135.details
Biochemical Kinds.Jordan Bartol - 2014 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science (2):axu046.details
Chemical kinds (e.g. gold) are generally treated as having timelessly fixed identities. Biological kinds (e.g. goldfinches) are generally treated as evolved and/or evolving entities. So what kind of kind is a biochemical kind? This paper defends the thesis that biochemical molecules are clustered chemical kinds, some of which–namely, evolutionarily conserved units–are also biological kinds.On this thesis, a number of difficulties that have recently occupied philosophers concerned with proteins and kinds are shown to be resolved or dissolved.
Biological Natural Kinds in Philosophy of Biology
Molecular Biology, Misc in Philosophy of Biology
Natural Kinds in Metaphysics
Logic and Theism: Arguments For and Against Beliefs in God's Existence.Jordan Howard Sobel - 2004 - Ars Disputandi 4.details
Fables of the Prefrontal Cortex.Jordan Grafman, Arnaud Partiot & Caroline Hollnagel - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):349-358.details
Science of Consciousness in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test.Debbie E. McGhee & Jordan L. K. Schwartz - unknowndetails
in a 2nd task (e.g., pleasant vs. unpleasant words for an evaluation attribute). When instructions oblige highly associated categories (e.g., liower + pleasant) to share a response key, performance is faster than when less associated categories (e.g., insect + pleasant) share a key. This performance difference implicitly measures differential association of the 2 concepts with the attribute. In 3..
Implicit Bias in Social and Political Philosophy
Planning and the Brain.Jordan Grafman & James Hendler - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):563-564.details
Philosophy of Neuroscience in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Divine Commands or Divine Attitudes?Matthey Carey Jordan - 2013 - Faith and Philosophy 30 (2):159-70.details
In this essay, I present three arguments for the claim that theists should reject divine command theory in favor of divine attitude theory. First, DCT implies that some cognitively normal human persons are exempt from the dictates of morality. Second, it is incumbent upon us to cultivate the skill of moral judgment, a skill that fits nicely with the claims of DAT but which is superfluous if DCT is true. Third, an attractive and widely shared conception of Jewish/Christian religious devotion (...) leads us naturally to an attitude-based conception of morality rather than a command-based one. (shrink)
Meta-Ethics, General Works in Meta-Ethics
Human Uniqueness, Bodily Mimesis and the Evolution of Language.Jordan Zlatev - 2014 - Humana Mente 7 (27).details
I argue that an evolutionary adaptation for bodily mimesis, the volitional use of the body as a representational devise, is the "small difference" that gave rise to unique and yet pre-linguistic features of humanity such as imitation, pedagogy, intentional communication and the possibility of a cumulative, representational culture. Furthermore, it is this that made the evolution of language possible. In support for the thesis that speech evolved atop bodily mimesis and a transitional multimodal protolanguage, I review evidence for the extensive (...) presence of sound-symbolism in modern languages, for its psychological reality in adults, and for its contribution to language acquisition in children. On a meta-level, the argument is that dividing human cognitive-semiotic evolution into a sequence of stages is crucial for resolving classical dichotomies concerning human nature and language, which are both natural and cultural, both continuous with and discontinuous from those of animals. (shrink)
Bioethics and "Human Dignity".Matthew Carey Jordan - 2010 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 35 (2):180-196.details
The term "human dignity" is the source of considerable confusion in contemporary bioethics. It has been used by Kantians to refer to autonomy, by others to refer to the sanctity of life, and by still others to refer—albeit obliquely—to an important but infrequently discussed set of human goods. In the first part of this article, I seek to disambiguate the notion of human dignity. The second part is a defense of the philosophical utility of such a notion; I argue that (...) there is nothing implausible about appealing to a deontological "principle of dignity" to solve bioethical problems, especially those concerning the development of new biotechnologies. There may, however, be problems associated with any attempt to use dignity as a basis for public policy. This sort of worry is explained and briefly addressed in the final section. (shrink)
Editorial Introduction | Oil and Media, Oil as Media: Mediating Petrocultures Then and Now.Jordan Kinder & Lucie Stepanik - 2020 - Mediatropes 7 (2):i-xvi.details
In this introduction to the special issue of MediaTropes on "Oil and Media, Oil as Media," Jordan B. Kinder and Lucie Stepanik provide an account of the stakes and consequences of approaching oil as media as they situate it within the "material turn" of media studies and the broader project energy humanities. They argue that by critically approaching oil and its infrastructures as media, the contributions that comprise this issue puts forward one way to develop an account of oil (...) that further refines the larger tasks and stakes implicit in the energy humanities. Together, these address the myriad ways in which oil mediates social, cultural, and ecological relations, on the one hand, and the ways in which it is mediated, on the other, while thinking through how such mediations might offer glimpses of a future beyond oil. (shrink)
Pascual Jordan's Resolution of the Conundrum of the Wave-Particle Duality of Light.Anthony Duncan & Michel Janssen - 2008 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 39 (3):634-666.details
In 1909, Einstein derived a formula for the mean square energy fluctuation in blackbody radiation. This formula is the sum of a wave term and a particle term. In a key contribution to the 1926 Dreim¨.
Wave-Particle Duality in Philosophy of Physical Science
Exploring the Link Between Reading Fiction and Empathy: Ruling Out Individual Differences and Examining Outcomes.Jordan B. Peterson, Keith Oatley & Raymond A. Mar - 2009 - Communications 34 (4):407-428.details
Readers of fiction tend to have better abilities of empathy and theory of mind. We present a study designed to replicate this finding, rule out one possible explanation, and extend the assessment of social outcomes. In order to rule out the role of personality, we first identified Openness as the most consistent correlate. This trait was then statistically controlled for, along with two other important individual differences: the tendency to be drawn into stories and gender. Even after accounting for these (...) variables, fiction exposure still predicted performance on an empathy task. Extending these results, we also found that exposure to fiction was positively correlated with social support. Exposure to nonfiction, in contrast, was associated with loneliness, and negatively related to social support. (shrink)
Empathy and Sympathy in Normative Ethics
Meaning Making From Life to Language: The Semiotic Hierarchy and Phenomenology.Jordan Zlatev - 2018 - Cognitive Semiotics 11 (1).details
Long-Axis Specialization of the Human Hippocampus.Jordan Poppenk, Hallvard R. Evensmoen, Morris Moscovitch & Lynn Nadel - 2013 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 17 (5):230-240.details
Utilitarianism and Past and Future Mistakes.Jordan Howard Sobel - 1976 - Noûs 10 (2):195-219.details
Utilitarianism in Normative Ethics
Re-Examining the Gene in Personalized Genomics.Jordan Bartol - 2013 - Science & Education 22 (10):2529-2546.details
Personalized genomics companies (PG; also called 'direct-to-consumer genetics') are businesses marketing genetic testing to consumers over the Internet. While much has been written about these new businesses, little attention has been given to their roles in science communication. This paper provides an analysis of the gene concept presented to customers and the relation between the information given and the science behind PG. Two quite different gene concepts are present in company rhetoric, but only one features in the science. To explain (...) this, we must appreciate the delicate tension between PG, academic science, public expectation, and market forces. (shrink)
Classical and Molecular Genetics in Philosophy of Biology
Education in Professional Areas
Gene Concepts in Philosophy of Biology
Genetic Determinism in Philosophy of Biology
Molecular Genetics in Philosophy of Biology
Evil and Van Inwagen.Jeff Jordan - 2003 - Faith and Philosophy 20 (2):236-239.details
Evaluating Oversight of Human Drugs and Medical Devices: A Case Study of the FDA and Implications for Nanobiotechnology.Jordan Paradise, Alison W. Tisdale, Ralph F. Hall & Efrosini Kokkoli - 2009 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 37 (4):598-624.details
This article evaluates the oversight of drugs and medical devices by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration using an integration of public policy, law, and bioethics approaches and employing multiple assessment criteria, including economic, social, safety, and technological. Criteria assessment and expert elicitation are combined with existing literature, case law, and regulations in an integrative historical case studies approach. We then use our findings as a tool to explore possibilities for effective oversight and regulatory mechanisms for nanobiotechnology. Section I describes (...) oversight mechanisms for human drugs and medical devices and presents current nanotechnology products. Section II describes the results of expert elicitation research. Section III highlights key criteria and relates them to the literature and larger debate. We conclude with broad lessons for the oversight of nanobiotechnology informed by Sections I-III in order to provide useful analysis from multiple disciplines and perspectives to guide discussions regarding appropriate FDA oversight. (shrink)
Drugs in Applied Ethics
Rejecting Pereboom's Empirical Objection to Agent-Causation.Jordan Baker - 2017 - Synthese 194 (8):3085-3100.details
In this paper I argue that Pereboom's empirical objection to agent causation fails to undermine the most plausible version of agent-causal libertarianism. This is significant because Pereboom concedes that such libertarianism is conceptually coherent and only falls to empirical considerations. To substantiate these claims I outline Pereboom's taxonomy of agent-causal views, develop the strongest version of his empirical objections, and then show that this objection fails to undermine what I consider the most plausible view of agent-causal libertarianism, namely, reconciliatory integrationist (...) agent-causalism. I then strengthen my criticism of Pereboom by responding to three objections to my view. I show that these objections, though initially challenging, fail to undermine my argument. I therefore conclude that, to this extent, agent-causal views remain a viable option in the contemporary free will debate. (shrink)
Evolution in Mind: Evolutionary Dynamics, Cognitive Processes, and Bayesian Inference.Jordan W. Suchow, David D. Bourgin & Thomas L. Griffiths - 2017 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 21 (7):522-530.details
Poverty and the Peril of Particulars.Jordan Arthur Thomson - 2020 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 37 (4):661-677.details
Moral extremists argue for a demanding duty of poverty relief by leveraging powerful intuitions about our duties to rescue those close at hand. I clear the way for a less demanding duty by arguing that this argumentative strategy commits the extremist to a conception of our duty in the face of global poverty that is deeply at odds with our convictions about how we may discharge that duty. These convictions reveal that global poverty and easy rescue cases give rise to (...) duties of different kinds: whereas duties of rescue are ultimately explicable by appeal to moral claims to assistance, duties of poverty relief are not. The extremist's most compelling argumentative strategy is therefore not viable—he may not straightforwardly appeal to facts about the demandingness of duties of rescue in arguing for demanding duties of poverty relief. (shrink)
Beneficence in Applied Ethics in Applied Ethics
Charitable Giving, Misc in Applied Ethics
Notes on Decision Theory: Old Wine in New Bottles.Jordan Howard Sobel - 1986 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 64 (4):407 – 437.details
Causal Decision Theory in Philosophy of Action
Evidential Decision Theory in Philosophy of Action
Curiosity and the Pleasures of Learning: Wanting and Liking New Information.Jordan Litman - 2005 - Cognition and Emotion 19 (6):793-814.details
Emotion and Consciousness in Psychology in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Taking Chances: Essays on Rational Choice.Jordan Howard Sobel - 1994 - Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.details
J. Howard Sobel has long been recognized as an important figure in philosophical discussions of rational decision. He has done much to help formulate the concept of causal decision theory. In this volume of essays Sobel explores the Bayesian idea that rational actions maximize expected values, where an action's expected value is a weighted average of its agent's values for its possible total outcomes. Newcomb's Problem and The Prisoner's Dilemma are discussed, and Allais-type puzzles are viewed from the perspective of (...) causal world Bayesianism. The author establishes principles for distinguishing options in decision problems, and studies ways in which perfectly rational causal maximizers can be capable of resolute choices. Sobel also views critically Gauthier's revisionist ideas about maximizing rationality. This collection will be a desideratum for anyone working in the field of rational choice theory, whether in philosophy, economics, political science, psychology or statistics. Howard Sobel's work in decision theory is certainly among the most important, interesting and challenging that is being done by philosophers. (shrink)
Jordan's Derivation of Blackbody Fluctuations.Guido Bacciagaluppi, Elise Crull & Owen J. E. Maroney - 2017 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 60:23-34.details
The celebrated Dreimännerarbeit by Born, Heisenberg and Jordan contains a matrix-mechanical derivation by Jordan of Planck's formula for blackbody fluctuations. Jordan appears to have considered this to be one of his finest contributions to quantum theory, but the status of his derivation is puzzling. In our Dreimenschenarbeit, we show how to understand what Jordan was doing in the double context of a Boltzmannian approach to statistical mechanics and of the early 'statistical interpretation' of matrix mechanics.
Examining Overlap in Behavioral and Neural Representations of Morals, Facts, and Preferences.Jordan Theriault, Adam Waytz, Larisa Heiphetz & Liane Young - 2017 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 146 (11):1586-1605.details
The Epigenesis of Meaning in Human Beings, and Possibly in Robots.Jordan Zlatev - 2001 - Minds and Machines 11 (2):155-195.details
This article addresses a classical question: Can a machine use language meaningfully and if so, how can this be achieved? The first part of the paper is mainly philosophical. Since meaning implies intentionality on the part of the language user, artificial systems which obviously lack intentionality will be `meaningless'. There is, however, no good reason to assume that intentionality is an exclusively biological property and thus a robot with bodily structures, interaction patterns and development similar to those of human beings (...) would constitute a system possibly capable of meaning – a conjecture supported through a Wittgenstein-inspired thought experiment. The second part of the paper focuses on the empirical and constructive questions. Departing from the principle of epigenesis stating that during every state of development new structure arises on the basis of existing structure plus various sorts of interaction, a model of human cognitive and linguistic development is proposed according to which physical, social and linguistic interactions between the individual and the environment have their respective peaks in three consecutive stages of development: episodic, mimetic and symbolic. The transitions between these stages are qualitative, and bear a similarity to the stages in phylogenesis proposed by Donald and Deacon. Following the principle of epigenetic development, robotogenesis could possibly recapitulate ontogenesis, leading to the emergence of intentionality, consciousness and meaning. (shrink)
Artificial Life in Philosophy of Biology
Recognizing Decentered Intersubjectivity in Social Experience.Jordan McKenzie - 2015 - Emotion Review 7 (1):73-78.details
This article will argue that a decentering process occurs in the intersubjective connections between individuals, and that through the acknowledgement of this process researchers can better understand the potential for distortions to occur in the development of self-understanding. The concept of decentered intersubjectivity discussed in this article is the result of prior research on happiness and contentment, yet a range of emotions such as trust, guilt, shame, and disappointment could also be considered. In each case, the concept of a decentered (...) intersubjectivity can connect the personal and emotional experiences of the individual, with a shared social experience that is deeply sociological in nature. (shrink)
Emotions in Philosophy of Mind
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