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Electric-field control of magnetism
R. Ramesh, S. Manipatruni, Ian Young
Journal: MRS Bulletin / Volume 44 / Issue 4 / April 2019
Over the past three years, my colleagues and I have embarked on an exciting journey into electric-field control of magnetism, parts of which we describe in this article. What we present to you is something that we believe is extremely exciting from both a fundamental science and applications perspective, and has the potential to revolutionize our world. Needless to say, this will require a lot of new innovations, both in the fundamental science arena as well as translating scientific discoveries into real applications. We hope this article will help spur more research in electric-field control of magnetism within the broad materials community.
Phase Coexistence of Ferroelectric Vortices and Classical a1/a2 Domains in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 Superlattices.
Christopher T. Nelson, Zijian Hong, Ajay K. Yadav, Anoop R. Damodaran, Shang-Lin Hsu, James D. Clarkson, Long-Qing Chen, Lane W. Martin, Ramamoorthy Ramesh
Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / August 2018
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 August 2018, pp. 1638-1639
Print publication: August 2018
Three-Dimensional Polarization by Means of Scanning HOLZ-CBED Technique
Roberto dos Reis, S-L Hsu, C. Ophus, R. Ramesh, J. Ciston
Energy distribution of solar flare events
S. Sen, A. Mangalam, R. Ramesh
Journal: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 13 / Issue S340 / February 2018
Print publication: February 2018
The coronal field typically reorganizes itself to attain a force-free field configuration. We have evaluated the power law index of the energy distribution f(E) = f0E−α by using a model of relaxation incorporating different profile functions of winding number distribution f(w) based on braided topologies. We study the radio signatures that occur in the solar corona using the radio data obtained from the Gauribidanur Radio Observatory (IIA) and extract the power law index by using the Statistic-sensitive nonlinear iterative peak clipping (SNIP) algorithm. We see that the power law index obtained from the model is in good agreement with the calculated value from the radio data observation.
NEW RECORDS IN THE FLORA CHECKLISTS OF LAOS, RESULTING FROM A SURVEY OF PHOU HIN POUN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AREA
J. Prosperi, V. Lamxay, F. Hallé, J.-M. Bompard, P. Blanc, B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, S. Cardinal
Journal: Edinburgh Journal of Botany / Volume 75 / Issue 1 / March 2018
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 December 2017, pp. 91-106
The flora of Laos remains one of the least known within the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. A floristic inventory was carried out in Phou Hin Poun National Biodiversity Conservation Area, an under-explored area of the Khammouane Limestone. This study provides a list of 27 taxa that are additions to the most recent country checklists. The Ebenaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Myrtaceae are the families with the highest species number. In this list, four species are endemic to Indochina (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam): Cynometra dongnaiensis Pierre, Jasminum vidalii P.S.Green, Memecylon chevalieri Guillaumin and Pothos gigantipes Buchet ex P.C.Boyce. These results illustrate the paucity of our knowledge of the region surveyed and of the flora of Laos in general.
Chapter 20 - Anesthetic Management of the Pediatric Trauma Patient
from Section 3 - Anesthetic Management in Special Trauma Populations
By Ramesh Ramaiah, Sam R. Sharar
Edited by Albert J. Varon, University of Miami, Charles E. Smith
Book: Essentials of Trauma Anesthesia
Long-Term Variations of the Compact Radio Source Sgr A∗ at the Galactic Center
Jun-Hui Zhao, R. D. Ekers, W. M. Goss, K. Y. Lo, Ramesh Narayan
Journal: Symposium - International Astronomical Union / Volume 136 / 1989
We investigate the long-term flux density variations of the compact radio source Sgr A∗ at the galactic center by combining recent VLA observations with previous Green Bank interferometer data. We present radio flux density light-curves for Sgr A∗ at 20, 11, 6 and 3.7 cm from 1974 to 1987. Long-term variability with a timescale of at least 5 years is seen at 20 cm and there is evidence for more rapid variations at the shorter wavelengths. The variability timescales at 20, 11 and 6 cm fit the λ2 scaling predicted by the theory of refractive scintillation suggesting that the variability could be due to this cause. However, the timescales are relatively short, implying an unusually high velocity in the scattering screen. The modulation index of the variability is large and relatively independent of wavelength.
Frontiers in strain-engineered multifunctional ferroic materials
Joshua C. Agar, Shishir Pandya, Ruijuan Xu, Ajay K. Yadav, Zhiqi Liu, Thomas Angsten, Sahar Saremi, Mark Asta, R. Ramesh, Lane W. Martin
Journal: MRS Communications / Volume 6 / Issue 3 / September 2016
Print publication: September 2016
Multifunctional, complex oxides capable of exhibiting highly-coupled electrical, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic susceptibilities have been pursued to address a range of salient technological challenges. Today, efforts are focused on addressing the pressing needs of a range of applications and identifying, understanding, and controlling materials with the potential for enhanced or novel responses. In this prospective, we highlight important developments in theoretical and computational techniques, materials synthesis, and characterization techniques. We explore how these new approaches could revolutionize our ability to discover, probe, and engineer these materials and provide a context for new arenas where these materials might make an impact.
Radiocarbon and Stable Carbon Isotopes in Two Soil Profiles from Northeast India
Amzad H Laskar, M G Yadava, R Ramesh
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 July 2016, pp. 81-89
Two soil profiles from northeast India, one from Bakrihawar, an agricultural land, and the other from Chandipur, a virgin hilly area from Assam, are investigated to understand the organic carbon dynamics of the area. Due to frequent flooding, the Bakrihawar soil has accumulated a higher clay content than that of Chandipur. The carbon content is less than 1% by weight in both the sites. The higher clay content is responsible for relatively more soil organic carbon at Bakrihawar. The mean δ13C values at both sites reflect the values of the overlying vegetation. At Bakrihawar, both rice cultivation (C3) and natural C4 grasses contribute to higher mean enriched values of 13C relative to Chandipur, where the surface vegetation is mostly of C3 type. The turnover time of organic carbon, estimated using the residual radiocarbon content, depends strongly on the soil particle size distribution, especially the clay content (i.e. it increases with clay content). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first soil carbon dynamics study of its kind from northeast India.
A Comparative Study of Monsoonal and Non-Monsoonal Himalayan Lakes, India
Sheela Kusumgar, D. P. Agrawal, R. D. Deshpande, Rengaswamy Ramesh, Chhemendra Sharma, M. G. Yadava
Sedimentological, mineral magnetic and carbon isotopic studies on cores from Mansar Lake in the Jammu area provide paleomonsoonal history dating back to 580 bc. From ca. 580 bc to ad 300, the region experienced precipitation similar to the present, whereas from ad 300 to 1400, the monsoon was relatively subdued. A small excursion ca. ad 1100 suggests an effect of medieval warming. Studies in the Kumaon region did not provide a proper precipitation record, as anthropogenic activity interfered with sedimentation. Manasbal Lake in Kashmir gave an inversion of 14C chronology due to younger paleosols in the drainage basin. Further, the episodic nature of sedimentation in Manasbal Lake hampered the reconstruction of precipitation history in the area.
Observation of Polar Vortices in Oxide Superlattices
R. Ramesh
Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 22 / Issue S3 / July 2016
Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Supported Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles (nZVI@ECNFs) for Cr (VI) Remediation in Ground and Waste Water
Nikhil R. Mucha, Ramesh Ravella, Muchha R. Reddy, Lifeng Zhang
Journal: MRS Advances / Volume 1 / Issue 53 / 2016
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 June 2016, pp. 3593-3599
Zero Valent Iron nanoparticles (nZVI) were synthesized and immobilized on electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNFs) surface in a controllable manner through redox reaction. The novel nanomaterial, ECNFs-supported nZVI (nZVI@ECNFs), were evaluated for Cr(VI) ions removal from water for the first time. nZVI@ECNFs outperformed stand-alone nZVI as well as state-of-the-art nZVI research for Cr(VI) remediation in water. nZVI@ECNFs with 0.4 g/L nZVI loading could remove 100% Cr(VI) from 50 mg/L Cr(VI) aqueous solution in as little as 5 min at pH = 4. This is enabled by coupling nanofibrous form ECNFs with dispersed distribution of individual and/or cluster nZVI on surface of ECNFs. It is envisioned that nZVI@CNFs is going to serve as a novel supported nZVI nanomaterial for super-fast heavy metal remediation in ground water and waste water treatment with adjustable high capacity as well as straightforward and energy-saving heavy metal recovery.
First Results from the Gauribidanur Radio Heliograph
K.R. Subramanian, R. Ramesh, M.S. Sundara Rajan, Ch.V. Sastry
Journal: International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 154 / 1996
Observations of the Sun at two frequencies (51 and 77 MHz) using the East-West arm of the Gauribidanur Radio heliograph are presented.
Development and Performance Validation of a Navigation System for an Underwater Vehicle
R. Ramesh, V. Bala Naga Jyothi, N. Vedachalam, G.A. Ramadass, M.A. Atmanand
Journal: The Journal of Navigation / Volume 69 / Issue 5 / September 2016
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 January 2016, pp. 1097-1113
Underwater position data is a key requirement for the navigation and control of unmanned underwater vehicles. The proposed navigation scheme can be used in any vessel or boat for any shallow water vehicle. This paper presents the position estimation algorithm developed for shallow water Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) using attitude data and Doppler Velocity Log data with the initial position from the Global Positioning System (GPS). The navigational sensors are identified using the in-house developed simulation tool in MATLAB, based on the requirement of a position accuracy of less than 5%. The navigation system is built using the identified sensors, Kalman filter and navigation algorithm, developed in LabVIEW software. The developed system is tested and validated for position estimation, with an emulator consisting of a GPS-aided fibre optic gyro-based inertial navigation system as a reference, and it is found that the developed navigation system has a position error of less than 5%.
High-dose-rate brachytherapy planning in palliative management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a case study
Surega Anbumani, Ramesh S. Bilimagga, Pichandi Anchineyen, Punitha Jayaraman, Siddanna R. Palled
Journal: Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice / Volume 14 / Issue 3 / September 2015
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) or klatskin's tumour involves malignant tumours at the liver hilum's biliary confluence. Incidence of CCA results in unresectable tumours that require appropriate therapy to improve quality of life. The liver is considered as the most frequent site of tumour recurrence. Promising results of long-term survival have been established with computed tomography-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy.
Intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT) is performed through the percutaneous transhapatic bile duct drain tube (PTBD). The passage of the brachytherapy guide tube through the bile duct is more complex compared with oesophageal/endobronchial application.
Results/discussion:
It results in a recoiled view of the tube in the abdominal region of the computed tomography (CT) scan. Owing to inherent artefacts induced by metal stents in CT scans, intersected view is possible between the ILBT guide tube and the intra-hepatic drain tube. It would mislead the planner to track wrong passage that could result in fatal error.
In this case study, we contoured the ILBT guide tube by cross-verifying its position with a digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) before catheter tracking. Thus, it ensures precise simulation of source dwell positions, thereby avoiding high-dose delivery to nearby vital organs such as intestines, liver hilum and blood vessels.
Presize: an approach for precise estimation of core collection size using the Similarity Elimination (SimEli) method
R. Ramesh Krishnan, B. B. Bindroo, V. Girish Naik
Journal: Plant Genetic Resources / Volume 13 / Issue 3 / November 2015
Core collections are the integral part of biotechnology-aided modern-day crop improvement programmes and utilized for a variety of applications including conventional plant breeding, association mapping, resequencing, among others. Since their advent, determination of core collection size has been based on the size of the whole collection. In this study, we precisely estimated the size of the core collection based on the diversity of the whole collection using the Similarity Elimination method. For each of the elimination cycle, allele retention and pairwise and mean genetic distances were calculated and used as the criteria for the precise estimation of the core collection size. We sampled a coconut core collection with 266 entries by retaining the diversity of the whole collection. During the elimination process, accessions with very rare alleles were eliminated first when compared with those having rare and common alleles. Therefore, our results support the hypothesis that the less frequent alleles seldom contribute to the genetic distance when compared with common alleles. In conclusion, presize can be efficiently utilized in any crop for the precise estimation of core collection size.
Discrete-vortex method with novel shedding criterion for unsteady aerofoil flows with intermittent leading-edge vortex shedding
Kiran Ramesh, Ashok Gopalarathnam, Kenneth Granlund, Michael V. Ol, Jack R. Edwards
Journal: Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 751 / 25 July 2014
Print publication: 25 July 2014
Unsteady aerofoil flows are often characterized by leading-edge vortex (LEV) shedding. While experiments and high-order computations have contributed to our understanding of these flows, fast low-order methods are needed for engineering tasks. Classical unsteady aerofoil theories are limited to small amplitudes and attached leading-edge flows. Discrete-vortex methods that model vortex shedding from leading edges assume continuous shedding, valid only for sharp leading edges, or shedding governed by ad-hoc criteria such as a critical angle of attack, valid only for a restricted set of kinematics. We present a criterion for intermittent vortex shedding from rounded leading edges that is governed by a maximum allowable leading-edge suction. We show that, when using unsteady thin aerofoil theory, this leading-edge suction parameter (LESP) is related to the $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}A_0$ term in the Fourier series representing the chordwise variation of bound vorticity. Furthermore, for any aerofoil and Reynolds number, there is a critical value of the LESP, which is independent of the motion kinematics. When the instantaneous LESP value exceeds the critical value, vortex shedding occurs at the leading edge. We have augmented a discrete-time, arbitrary-motion, unsteady thin aerofoil theory with discrete-vortex shedding from the leading edge governed by the instantaneous LESP. Thus, the use of a single empirical parameter, the critical-LESP value, allows us to determine the onset, growth, and termination of LEVs. We show, by comparison with experimental and computational results for several aerofoils, motions and Reynolds numbers, that this computationally inexpensive method is successful in predicting the complex flows and forces resulting from intermittent LEV shedding, thus validating the LESP concept.
By Arthur S. Abramson, Norhaida Aman, Virginie Attina, Sapna Bhat, B. Bhuvaneshwari, Denis Burnham, Brian Byrne, Hsin-Chin Chen, Shyamala K. Chengappa, Chris Davis, Jackson T. Gandour, Winston D. Goh, Thom Huebner, Lixian Jin, Jing Zhou, R. Malatesha Joshi, Benjawan Kasisopa, Jeesun Kim, Christine Kitamura, Ananthanarayan Krishnan, Lay Wah Lee, Elena Lieven, Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin, Ramesh Mishra, Sonali Nag, Vishnu K. K. Nair, Loraine K. Obler, Tomasina Oh, Richard K. Olson, Prakash Padakannaya, Aparna Pandey, Avanthi Niranjan Paplikar, Shalmalee Pitale, Chaitra Rao, Theeraporn Ratitamkul, Nan Xu Rattanasone, Sunil Kumar Ravi, Rogayah A. Razak, Ronan Reilly, Susan Rickard Liow, Khazriyati Salehuddin, Stefan Samuelsson, Vaijayanthi M. Sarma, Yasuhiro Shirai, Shruti Sircar, John Song, Sabine Stoll, Lidia Suárez, Jennie Tran, Jie-Li Tsai, Kimiko Tsukada, Jyotsna Vaid, Heather Winskel, Janet Wright, Kelly Yeo
Edited by Heather Winskel, Southern Cross University, Australia, Prakash Padakannaya, University of Mysore, India
Book: South and Southeast Asian Psycholinguistics
Print publication: 28 November 2013, pp xvii-xx
Microsatellite marker analysis reveals the events of the introduction and spread of cultivated mulberry in the Indian subcontinent
R. Ramesh Krishnan, V. Girish Naik, S. R. Ramesh, S. M. H. Qadri
Journal: Plant Genetic Resources / Volume 12 / Issue 1 / April 2014
The secret art of silk culture along with mulberry seeds is presumed to have spread from China to other parts of the world including India through the famous Silk Road. In this study, we investigated a set of 36 important mulberry genotypes (designated as 'breeders' collection') of historical importance that have been frequently used in Indian crop improvement programmes over the last five decades. This study is the first to employ a large number of microsatellite markers (140 screened; 70 used for profiling) to elucidate the diversity, structure and breeding history of mulberry. The cluster and STRUCTURE analysis corroborated with the known genetic relationships and origin. The groupings by STRUCTURE (k= 4) confirm parallel breeding efforts undertaken in the eastern, southern and northern regions of the country. The cultivar 'Mysore Local' shares a common parent with 'Berhampore Local', and this supports the historical records of its introduction from eastern India to the Kingdom of Mysore by the erstwhile ruler Tippu Sultan. The popular variety 'Kanva-2' shared a common male parent with the Japanese variety 'Kousen', supporting the contribution of exotic progenitors in Indian cultivars. The findings of this study will be useful in formulating new strategies for mulberry improvement and reveals the historical events of the introduction and spread of cultivated mulberry in the Indian subcontinent.
An in situ TEM Study of Ferroelastic Domain Mobility
P. Gao, J. Jokisaari, C. Nelson, S.-H. Baek, M. Trassin, C.W. Bark, R. Ramesh, C.-B. Eom, X. Pan
Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.