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Chat- and internet-based cognitive–behavioural therapy in treatment of adolescent depression: randomised controlled trial
Naira Topooco, Matilda Berg, Sofie Johansson, Lina Liljethörn, Ella Radvogin, George Vlaescu, Lise Bergman Nordgren, Maria Zetterqvist, Gerhard Andersson
Journal: BJPsych Open / Volume 4 / Issue 4 / July 2018
Depression is a major contributor to the burden of disease in the adolescent population. Internet-based interventions can increase access to treatment.
To evaluate the efficacy of internet-based cognitive–behavioural therapy (iCBT), including therapist chat communication, in treatment of adolescent depression.
Seventy adolescents, 15–19 years of age and presenting with depressive symptoms, were randomised to iCBT or attention control. The primary outcome was the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II).
Significant reductions in depressive symptoms were found, favouring iCBT over the control condition (F(1,67) = 6.18, P < 0.05). The between-group effect size was Cohen's d = 0.71 (95% CI 0.22–1.19). A significantly higher proportion of iCBT participants (42.4%) than controls (13.5%) showed a 50% decrease in BDI-II score post-treatment (P < 0.01). The improvement for the iCBT group was maintained at 6 months.
The intervention appears to effectively reduce symptoms of depression in adolescents and may be helpful in overcoming barriers to care among young people.
N.T. and G.A. designed the programme. N.T. authored the treatment material. The web platform used for treatment is owned by Linköping University and run on a non-for-profit basis. None of the authors receives any income from the programme.
Notes on Contributors
By Charles Altieri, Faith Barrett, Alfred Bendixen, David Bergman, Edward Brunner, Stephen Burt, Susan Castillo Street, Michael C. Cohen, Robert Daly, Betty Booth Donohue, Jim Egan, Richard Flynn, Ed Folsom, Stephen Fredman, Frank Gado, Roger Gilbert, Rigoberto González, Nick Halpern, Jeffrey A. Hammond, Kevin J. Hayes, Matthew Hofer, Tyler Hoffman, Christoph Irmscher, Virginia Jackson, Joseph Jonghyun Jeon, John D. Kerkering, George S. Lensing, Mary Loeffelholz, Wendy Martin, Cristanne Miller, David Chioni Moore, Walton Muyumba, John Timberman Newcomb, Bob Perelman, Siobhan Phillips, Brian M. Reed, Elizabeth Renker, Eliza Richards, Reena Sastri, Robin G. Schulze, Mark Scroggins, David E. E. Sloane, Angela Sorby, Juliana Spahr, Willard Spiegelman, Lisa M. Steinman, Ernest Suarez, Joseph T. Thomas, Lesley Wheeler, David Wojahn
Edited by Alfred Bendixen, Princeton University, New Jersey, Stephen Burt, Harvard University, Massachusetts
Book: The Cambridge History of American Poetry
Published online: 05 December 2014
Print publication: 27 October 2014, pp xi-xviii
FAMILIES OF ULTRAFILTERS, AND HOMOMORPHISMS ON INFINITE DIRECT PRODUCT ALGEBRAS
GEORGE M. BERGMAN
Journal: The Journal of Symbolic Logic / Volume 79 / Issue 1 / March 2014
Print publication: March 2014
Criteria are obtained for a filter ${\cal F}$ of subsets of a set I to be an intersection of finitely many ultrafilters, respectively, finitely many κ-complete ultrafilters for a given uncountable cardinal $\kappa .$ From these, general results are deduced concerning homomorphisms on infinite direct product groups, which yield quick proofs of some results in the literature: the Łoś–Eda theorem (characterizing homomorphisms from a not-necessarily-countable direct product of modules to a slender module), and some results of Nahlus and the author on homomorphisms on infinite direct products of not-necessarily-associative k-algebras. The same tools allow other results of Nahlus and the author to be nontrivially strengthened, and yield an analog to one of their results, with nonabelian groups taking the place of k-algebras.
We briefly examine the question of how the common technique used in applying the general results of this note to k-algebras on the one hand, and to nonabelian groups on the other, might be extended to more general varieties of algebras in the sense of universal algebra.
In a final section, the Erdős–Kaplansky theorem on dimensions of vector spaces ${D^I}$ $(D$ a division ring) is extended to reduced products ${D^I}/{\cal F},$ and an application is noted.
ON COMMON DIVISORS OF MULTINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS
Permutation groups
Elementary number theory
Sequences and sets
Journal: Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society / Volume 83 / Issue 1 / February 2011
Print publication: February 2011
Erdős and Szekeres ['Some number theoretic problems on binomial coefficients', Aust. Math. Soc. Gaz.5 (1978), 97–99] showed that for any four positive integers satisfying m1+m2=n1+n2, the two binomial coefficients (m1+m2)!/m1!m2! and (n1+n2)!/n1!n2! have a common divisor greater than 1. The analogous statement for k-element families of k-nomial coefficients (k>1) was conjectured in 1997 by David Wasserman.
Erdős and Szekeres remark that if m1,m2,n1,n2 as above are all greater than 1, there is probably a lower bound on the common divisor in question which goes to infinity as a function of m1 +m2 . Such a bound is obtained in Section 2.
The remainder of this paper is devoted to proving results that narrow the class of possible counterexamples to Wasserman's conjecture.
A Number System with an Irrational Base
from Part III - The 1950s
By George Bergman
Edited by Gerald L. Alexanderson, Santa Clara University
Assisted by Peter Ross, Santa Clara University
Book: Harmony of the World
Published by: Mathematical Association of America
Print publication: 01 June 2007, pp 99-106
View extract
Editors' Note: This article was written by the author when he was a 12-year old student at Junior High School 246 in Brooklyn, New York. Here he explores using the golden mean, which he calls τ, more commonly now called ϕ, as the base of a number system. Bergman later went on to get a PhD at Harvard under the direction of John Tate and has had a distinguished career as a mathematician at the University of California, Berkeley. As a result of this article, however, he was interviewed by Mike Wallace for the New York Post in 1958, before Wallace's name became synonymous with CBS's 60 Minutes. When Wallace asked this "tall, gawky, talkative" boy genius, by that time 14 and with an IQ of 205, "George, when you wake up in the morning, what's the first thing you think about? Mathematics?". Young George answered, "Oh, don't be silly. I think about breakfast."
Bergman's work here led to an exercise in Donald Knuth's The Art of Computer Programming, vol. 1, 2nd ed., 1973, p. 85, #35, that investigates representations of 1 in the ϕ number system. As noted by Arthur Benjamin in his comments on this article in the Mathematics Magazine index online, http://www.math.hmc.edu/journalsearch/, one of the basic results concerning this curious system is that every positive integer has a finite expansion.
GENERATING INFINITE SYMMETRIC GROUPS
Journal: Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society / Volume 38 / Issue 3 / June 2006
Print publication: June 2006
Let $S={\mathop{\rm Sym}(\Omega)$ be the group of all permutations of an infinite set $\Omega$. Extending an argument of Macpherson and Neumann, it is shown that if $U$ is a generating set for $S$ as a group, then there exists a positive integer $n$ such that every element of $S$ may be written as a group word of length at most $n$ in the elements of $U$. Likewise, if $U$ is a generating set for $S$ as a monoid, then there exists a positive integer $n$ such that every element of $S$ may be written as a monoid word of length at most $n$ in the elements of $U$. Some related questions and recent results are noted, and a brief proof is given of a result of Ore's on commutators, which is used in the proof of the above result.
UV Raman Scattering Analysis of Indented and Machined 6H-SiC and β-Si3N4 Surfaces
Jennifer J.H. Walter, Mengning Liang, Xiang-Bai Chen, Jae-il Jang, Leah Bergman, John A. Patten, George M. Pharr, Robert J. Nemanich
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 February 2011, T4.10
UV Raman scattering is employed as a nondestructive structure sensitive probe to investigate the vibrational properties of the wide bandgap, machined and indented surfaces of 6H-SiC and β-Si3N4. In these materials, the short absorption depth of UV light allows for accurate probing of the surface, and the transparency to visible light allows for analysis of the bulk material. The study on 6H-SiC (0001) included measurements of indentations, and of machined circular (0001) wafer edges. The indentation analysis indicates the response of the material to localized pressures. Machined 6H-SiC wafer edges and machined β-Si3N4 surfaces indicate a ductile response and ductile material removal for machining at cutting depths on a nm and μm scale. Raman scattering measurements of the ductile surfaces and ductile material removed indicate residual structure changes. The residual surface structures could indicate that a high-pressure phase transformation is the origin of a ductile response on machined brittle materials.
Thermodynamic Functions of Zirconolite and their Uses in Computer Simulation
George A. Bergman, Alexandra Navrotsky, Michael I. Ojovan, Vsevolod L. Klimov, Olga K. Karlina, Galina Yu. Pavlova
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2011, JJ11.20
The enthalpy of melting and the heat capacity of liquid zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7) are estimated as equal to 200 ± 20 kJ·dmol−1 and 350 ± 50 J·mol−1·K−1, respectively. Thermodynamic functions of solid and liquid zirconolite are calculated based on these estimated data and the results of Navrotsky et al. On the basis of these thermodynamic functions, computational thermodynamic simulation is performed on the thermochemical synthesis of zirconolite-bearing materials. Demonstration indicates that synthesis of zirconolite-like matrix materials is possible using the self-sustaining exothermic reaction.
Infinite groups arising from partial presentations of finite groups
Journal: Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society / Volume 127 / Issue 3 / November 1999
Print publication: November 1999
If G is a finite group, X a generating set for G and R some set of relations holding among these generators (but not in general a full set of relations presenting G), we establish sufficient conditions for the group G* = 〈X/R〉 to be infinite and give a lower bound for the rank of the abelianization of the kernel of the natural map G*→G. Related results in the literature and possible directions for generalization are discussed.
Contributors to this volume
Edited by David Magnusson, Stockholms Universitet, Lars R. Bergman, Stockholms Universitet, Georg Rudinger, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
With Bertil Torestad, Stockholms Universitet
Book: Problems and Methods in Longitudinal Research
Print publication: 12 December 1991, pp ix-xii
Print publication: 12 December 1991, pp 347-351
By David Magnusson, Lars R. Bergman, Georg Rudinger
Print publication: 12 December 1991, pp xv-xvi
Longitudinal research is the main road to fundamental and valid knowledge of living organisms' development. Because the longitudinal approach implies collecting data about the same subjects across time, the demands on the researchers to be accurate and scrupulous are high for several reasons. First, a mistake made at one assessment occasion can seldom be satisfactorily remedied at a later stage. Second, the complexity of information makes it necessary to treat and analyze data with special care.
The importance of issues of methodology and research strategy in longitudinal research is evident from the fact that two of the eight workshops organized by the European Science Foundation's Network on Longitudinal Studies on Individual Development have exclusively dealt with methodology. The first of these was concerned with data quality and resulted in one of the volumes that have come out of the workshop series (see page iv).
This volume emanates from the second methodology workshop, which was held at Soria Moria conference center in Oslo, Norway, April 2-5, 1989. It concentrates on issues that have to do with the intricate task of applying methodological tools which are appropriate to the problem at hand. Two overriding and related concepts are central to longitudinal research: stability and change. In this book these concepts subsume multiple aspects of the human condition: for example, depression, health development, cognitive development, behavior genetics, and adjustment problems. An array of statistical methods is introduced and discussed in relation to the content areas and the problems studied.
Print publication: 12 December 1991, pp vii-viii
Problems and Methods in Longitudinal Research
Edited by David Magnusson, Lars R. Bergman, Georg Rudinger
With Bertil Torestad
Print publication: 12 December 1991
Buy the print book
This volume focuses on methods of data treatment, emphasising the importance of careful matching of methodology to the substantive problem under consideration. It deals particularly with concepts of stability and change which are central to personality and developmental research. Contributions to this volume explore the methodology and scope of life span studies in a varity of contexts, including intellectual and cognitive development, transitions such as that from childhood to early adult life, social mobility, behavioural genetics, and psychological disorder, particularly depression. A valuable reference for a wide range of interests in developmental psychology, social and behavioural science, psychiatry, epidemiology and statistics.
Print publication: 12 December 1991, pp i-vi