Only show content I have access to (12)
Over 3 years (34)
Area Studies (20)
Politics and International Relations (17)
Earth and Environmental Sciences (1)
Modern Italy (4)
American Antiquity (2)
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology (2)
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (2)
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union (2)
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (2)
American Political Science Review (1)
Annals of Glaciology (1)
Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1)
Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (1)
Journal of the Northeastern Agricultural Economics Council (1)
Oryx (1)
Psychological Medicine (1)
Social Science History (1)
Studies in American Political Development (1)
The British Journal of Psychiatry (1)
The New Phytologist (1)
Boydell & Brewer (1)
Association for the Study of Modern Italy (4)
International Astronomical Union (2)
Society for American Archaeology (2)
Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) (2)
World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (2)
Fauna & Flora International - Oryx (1)
Social Science History Association SSHA/SSH (1)
The Royal College of Psychiatrists (1)
Women and Politics Section-APSA (1)
Eastman Studies in Music (1)
The contribution of depressive 'disorder characteristics' to determinations of prognosis for adults with depression: an individual patient data meta-analysis
Joshua E. J. Buckman, Rob Saunders, Zachary D. Cohen, Phoebe Barnett, Katherine Clarke, Gareth Ambler, Robert J. DeRubeis, Simon Gilbody, Steven D. Hollon, Tony Kendrick, Edward Watkins, Nicola Wiles, David Kessler, David Richards, Deborah Sharp, Sally Brabyn, Elizabeth Littlewood, Chris Salisbury, Ian R. White, Glyn Lewis, Stephen Pilling
Journal: Psychological Medicine / Volume 51 / Issue 7 / May 2021
This study aimed to investigate general factors associated with prognosis regardless of the type of treatment received, for adults with depression in primary care.
We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central (inception to 12/01/2020) for RCTs that included the most commonly used comprehensive measure of depressive and anxiety disorder symptoms and diagnoses, in primary care depression RCTs (the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule: CIS-R). Two-stage random-effects meta-analyses were conducted.
Twelve (n = 6024) of thirteen eligible studies (n = 6175) provided individual patient data. There was a 31% (95%CI: 25 to 37) difference in depressive symptoms at 3–4 months per standard deviation increase in baseline depressive symptoms. Four additional factors: the duration of anxiety; duration of depression; comorbid panic disorder; and a history of antidepressant treatment were also independently associated with poorer prognosis. There was evidence that the difference in prognosis when these factors were combined could be of clinical importance. Adding these variables improved the amount of variance explained in 3–4 month depressive symptoms from 16% using depressive symptom severity alone to 27%. Risk of bias (assessed with QUIPS) was low in all studies and quality (assessed with GRADE) was high. Sensitivity analyses did not alter our conclusions.
When adults seek treatment for depression clinicians should routinely assess for the duration of anxiety, duration of depression, comorbid panic disorder, and a history of antidepressant treatment alongside depressive symptom severity. This could provide clinicians and patients with useful and desired information to elucidate prognosis and aid the clinical management of depression.
Remnant radio galaxies discovered in a multi-frequency survey
GAMA Legacy ATCA Southern Survey
Benjamin Quici, Natasha Hurley-Walker, Nicholas Seymour, Ross J. Turner, Stanislav S. Shabala, Minh Huynh, H. Andernach, Anna D. Kapińska, Jordan D. Collier, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Sarah V. White, Isabella Prandoni, Timothy J. Galvin, Thomas Franzen, C. H. Ishwara-Chandra, Sabine Bellstedt, Steven J. Tingay, Bryan M. Gaensler, Andrew O'Brien, Johnathan Rogers, Kate Chow, Simon Driver, Aaron Robotham
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 February 2021, e008
The remnant phase of a radio galaxy begins when the jets launched from an active galactic nucleus are switched off. To study the fraction of radio galaxies in a remnant phase, we take advantage of a $8.31$ deg $^2$ subregion of the GAMA 23 field which comprises of surveys covering the frequency range 0.1–9 GHz. We present a sample of 104 radio galaxies compiled from observations conducted by the Murchison Widefield Array (216 MHz), the Australia Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (887 MHz), and the Australia Telescope Compact Array (5.5 GHz). We adopt an 'absent radio core' criterion to identify 10 radio galaxies showing no evidence for an active nucleus. We classify these as new candidate remnant radio galaxies. Seven of these objects still display compact emitting regions within the lobes at 5.5 GHz; at this frequency the emission is short-lived, implying a recent jet switch off. On the other hand, only three show evidence of aged lobe plasma by the presence of an ultra-steep-spectrum ( $\alpha<-1.2$) and a diffuse, low surface brightness radio morphology. The predominant fraction of young remnants is consistent with a rapid fading during the remnant phase. Within our sample of radio galaxies, our observations constrain the remnant fraction to $4\%\lesssim f_{\mathrm{rem}} \lesssim 10\%$; the lower limit comes from the limiting case in which all remnant candidates with hotspots are simply active radio galaxies with faint, undetected radio cores. Finally, we model the synchrotron spectrum arising from a hotspot to show they can persist for 5–10 Myr at 5.5 GHz after the jets switch of—radio emission arising from such hotspots can therefore be expected in an appreciable fraction of genuine remnants.
Reply to Skousen and Aiuvalasit: On the Primacy of Archaeological Data
A.J. White, Samuel E. Munoz, Sissel Schroeder, Lora R. Stevens
Journal: American Antiquity / Volume 86 / Issue 1 / January 2021
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 December 2020, pp. 203-205
Print publication: January 2021
Skousen and Aiuvalasit critique our article on the post-Mississippian occupation of the Horseshoe Lake watershed (White et al. 2020) along two lines: (1) that our findings are not supported due to a lack of archaeological evidence, and (2) that we do not consider alternative hypotheses in explaining the lake's fecal stanol record. We first respond to the matter of fecal stanol deposition in Horseshoe Lake and then address the larger issue, the primacy of archaeological data in interpreting the past.
Slavery, Reconstruction, and Bureaucratic Capacity in the American South
PAVITHRA SURYANARAYAN, STEVEN WHITE
Journal: American Political Science Review / Volume 115 / Issue 2 / May 2021
Conventional political economy models predict taxation will increase after franchise expansion to low-income voters. Yet, contrary to expectations, in ranked societies—where social status is a cleavage—elites can instead build cross-class coalitions to undertake a strategy of bureaucratic weakening to limit future redistributive taxation. We study a case where status hierarchies were particularly extreme: the post-Civil War American South. During Reconstruction, under federal oversight, per capita taxation was higher in counties where slavery had been more extensive before the war, as predicted by standard theoretical models. After Reconstruction ended, however, taxes fell and bureaucratic capacity was weaker where slavery had been widespread. Moreover, higher intrawhite economic inequality was associated with lower taxes and weaker capacity after Reconstruction in formerly high-slavery counties. These findings on the interaction between intrawhite economic inequality and pre-War slavery suggest that elites built cross-class coalitions against taxation where whites sought to protect their racial status.
1 - Of Deserters and Orphans: Beethoven's Early Exposure to the Opéras-Comiques of Monsigny
By Steven M. Whiting
Edited by Jeremy Yudkin
Book: The New Beethoven
Published by: Boydell & Brewer
Published online: 17 September 2020
Print publication: 01 September 2020, pp 9-36
View extract
As a member of the electoral court orchestra in Bonn from 1783 through (most of ) 1792, the adolescent Beethoven participated in performances of a wide variety of theatrical works, both spoken and lyric. His first stint in such a capacity was as rehearsal harpsichordist for the theatrical company directed by Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Grossmann (1743–96). Hired by Elector Maximilian Friedrich in 1778, Grossmann had quickly assembled a versatile troupe, mainly out of Abel Seyler's disintegrating company (of which he had been a member). Grossmann appropriated Seyler's music director, Christian Gottlob Neefe (1748–98), after Seyler disbanded his troupe for good in August 1779. Neefe soon became court organist as well, and gave lessons to Beethoven; Beethoven assisted him in both the chapel and the theater. The earliest document relating to his participation is an endorsement by court steward Count Sigismund von Salm-Reifferschied (dated February 23, 1784) of a petition by Beethoven to receive a regular appointment—that is, to be paid for services he had been rendering for some time on a probationary basis: "The petitioner has been amply tested and found capable to play the court organ as he has done in the absence of Organist Neefe, also at rehearsals of the plays and elsewhere, and will continue to do so in the future" (my emphasis). After Max Friedrich's death in April 1784, Grossmann's troupe was let go with four weeks' salary (Neefe remained as court organist), and for several years Maximilian Franz, the next elector, hired various theatrical troupes for Carnival seasons only. For Carnival 1785 the troupe of Grossmann's rival Johann Heinrich Böhm was engaged, but we know little about what it performed, in which town it performed it, or whether it used the court orchestra. For Carnival 1786 Maximilian Franz engaged a "Französisches Hoftheater" formed from remnants of the French-language troupe that had been resident in Kassel. A Hoftheater presumably used the Hoforchester, which meant that Beethoven was probably playing. For Carnival 1787 Maximilian Franz seems to have hired Grossmann, but the engagement was quickly hamstrung by legal disputes between Grossmann and his partner, Christian Wilhelm Klos. Finally, in January 1789, Maximilian Franz reorganized the court theater under the musical direction of Joseph Reicha, and Beethoven played not harpsichord but viola in the orchestra, presumably until he left for Vienna in November 1792.
Substance abuse and psychiatric comorbidity
Chandresh Shah, Jeanne White, Steven Chen, Lena Simitian
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 April 2020, p. 230s
After Cahokia: Indigenous Repopulation and Depopulation of the Horseshoe Lake Watershed AD 1400–1900
Journal: American Antiquity / Volume 85 / Issue 2 / April 2020
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 January 2020, pp. 263-278
The occupation history of the Cahokia archaeological complex (ca. AD 1050–1400) has received significant academic attention for decades, but the subsequent repopulation of the region by indigenous peoples is poorly understood. This study presents demographic trends from a fecal stanol population reconstruction of Horseshoe Lake, Illinois, along with information from archaeological, historical, and environmental sources to provide an interpretation of post-Mississippian population change in the Cahokia region. Fecal stanol data indicate that the Cahokia region reached a population minimum by approximately AD 1400, regional population had rebounded by AD 1500, a population maximum was reached by AD 1650, and population declined again by AD 1700. The indigenous repopulation of the area coincides with environmental changes conducive to maize-based agriculture and bison-hunting subsistence practices of the Illinois Confederation. The subsequent regional depopulation corresponds to a complicated period of warfare, epidemic disease, Christianization, population movement, and environmental change in the eighteenth century. The recognition of a post-Mississippian indigenous population helps shape a narrative of Native American persistence over Native American disappearance.
Innovative education and training in high power laser plasmas (PowerLaPs) for plasma physics, high power laser matter interactions and high energy density physics: experimental diagnostics and simulations – CORRIGENDUM
John Pasley, Georgia Andrianaki, Jon Imanol Apiñaniz, Andreas Baroutsos, Dimitri Batani, Emmanouil P. Benis, Andrea Ciardi, Donna Cook, Massimo de Marco, Vasilios Dimitriou, Brendan Dromey, Ioannis Fitilis, Giancarlo Gatti, Anastasios Grigoriadis, Marine Huault, Jose Antonio Pérez Hernández, Evaggelos Kaselouris, Ondrej Klimo, Michel Koenig, George Koundourakis, Milan Kucharik, Jiri Limpouch, Richard Liska, Carlos Salgado Lopez, Sophia Malko, Susana Olmos-Migueláñez, Yannis Orphanos, Valeria Ospina, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis, Stelios Petrakis, Jan Psikal, Mauricio Rico, Maria Serena Rivetta, María-José Rodríguez-Conde, João Jorge Santos, Milan Sinor, Alexandros Skoulakis, Ioannis Tazes, Laura Tejada Pascual, Michael Touati, Calliope Tsitou, Pavel Vachal, Luca Volpe, Jiri Vyskocil, Steven White, Mark Yeung, Ghassan Zeraouli, Michael Tatarakis
Journal: High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 8 / 2020
Innovative education and training in high power laser plasmas (PowerLaPs) for plasma physics, high power laser matter interactions and high energy density physics: experimental diagnostics and simulations
John Pasley, Georgia Andrianaki, Andreas Baroutsos, Dimitri Batani, Emmanouil P. Benis, Andrea Ciardi, Donna Cook, Vasilios Dimitriou, Brendan Dromey, Ioannis Fitilis, Giancarlo Gatti, Anastasios Grigoriadis, Marine Huault, Jose Antonio Pérez Hernández, Evaggelos Kaselouris, Ondrej Klimo, Michel Koenig, George Koundourakis, Milan Kucharik, Jiri Limpouch, Richard Liska, Carlos Salgado Lopez, Sophia Malko, Susana Olmos-Migueláñez, Yannis Orphanos, Valeria Ospina, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis, Stelios Petrakis, Jan Psikal, Maria Serena Rivetta, María-José Rodríguez-Conde, João Jorge Santos, Milan Sinor, Alexandros Skoulakis, Ioannis Tazes, Laura Tejada Pascual, Calliope Tsitou, Pavel Vachal, Luca Volpe, Jiri Vyskocil, Steven White, Mark Yeung, Ghassan Zerouli, Michael Tatarakis
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 February 2020, e5
The second and final year of the Erasmus Plus programme 'Innovative Education and Training in high power laser plasmas', otherwise known as PowerLaPs, is described. The PowerLaPs programme employs an innovative paradigm in that it is a multi-centre programme, where teaching takes place in five separate institutes with a range of different aims and styles of delivery. The 'in-class' time is limited to 4 weeks a year, and the programme spans 2 years. PowerLaPs aims to train students from across Europe in theoretical, applied and laboratory skills relevant to the pursuit of research in laser plasma interaction physics and inertial confinement fusion. Lectures are intermingled with laboratory sessions and continuous assessment activities. The programme, which is led by workers from the Hellenic Mediterranean University and supported by co-workers from the Queen's University Belfast, the University of Bordeaux, the Czech Technical University in Prague, Ecole Polytechnique, the University of Ioannina, the University of Salamanca and the University of York, has just finished its second and final year. Six Learning Teaching Training activities have been held at the Queen's University Belfast, the University of Bordeaux, the Czech Technical University, the University of Salamanca and the Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers of the Hellenic Mediterranean University. The last of these institutes hosted two 2-week-long Intensive Programmes, while the activities at the other four universities were each 5 days in length. In addition, a 'Multiplier Event' was held at the University of Ioannina, which will be briefly described. In this second year, the work has concentrated on training in both experimental diagnostics and simulation techniques appropriate to the study of plasma physics, high power laser matter interactions and high energy density physics. The nature of the programme will be described in detail, and some metrics relating to the activities carried out will be presented. In particular, this paper will focus on the overall assessment of the programme.
Accretion and star formation in 'radio-quiet' quasars
Sarah V. White, Matt J. Jarvis, Eleni Kalfountzou, Martin J. Hardcastle, Aprajita Verma, José M. Cao Orjales, Jason Stevens
Journal: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 15 / Issue S356 / October 2019
Radio observations allow us to identify a wide range of active galactic nuclei (AGN), which play a significant role in the evolution of galaxies. Amongst AGN at low radio-luminosities is the 'radio-quiet' quasar (RQQ) population, but how they contribute to the total radio emission is under debate, with previous studies arguing that it is predominantly through star formation. In this talk, SVW summarised the results of recent papers on RQQs, including the use of far-infrared data to disentangle the radio emission from the AGN and that from star formation. This provides evidence that black-hole accretion, instead, dominates the radio emission in RQQs. In addition, we find that this accretion-related emission is correlated with the optical luminosity of the quasar, whilst a weaker luminosity-dependence is evident for the radio emission connected with star formation. What remains unclear is the process by which this accretion-related emission is produced. Understanding this for RQQs will then allow us to investigate how this type of AGN influences its surroundings. Such studies have important implications for modelling AGN feedback, and for determining the accretion and star-formation histories of the Universe.
Steven White, Syracuse University, New York
Book: World War II and American Racial Politics
Published online: 08 July 2019
Print publication: 11 July 2019, pp viii-x
2 - White Racial Attitudes, 1937–1950
Print publication: 11 July 2019, pp 29-66
This chapter describes and assesses the racial liberalization hypothesis: the notion that World War II had a liberalizing impact on white racial attitudes. Contrary to the Myrdalian account, however, analysis of rarely utilized survey evidence is used to demonstrate that there is much less evidence for the racial liberalization hypothesis than is often assumed, particularly when the focus is on measures of policy rather than prejudice. Although there is some evidence that the war coincided with decreases in anti-black prejudice (e.g., whether black blood is biologically distinctive from white blood),this chapter demonstrates that white attitudes toward civil rights policies—particularly federal intervention in state lynching cases—did not liberalize over the course of the war. If anything, white opposition to anti-lynching legislation actually seems to have increased. While the available evidence is more limited, whites were also largely opposed to wartime civil rights demands like integration of the armed forces.
Print publication: 11 July 2019, pp v-v
3 - White Veterans and Racial Attitudes, 1946–1961
This chapter analyzes whites who actually served in World War II, asking to what extent their military service had racially liberalizing effects on them, relative to similarly situated non-veterans. For veterans, the results are somewhat mixed. White veterans were indistinguishable from non-veteran whites on many measures of racial prejudice, and they were equally committed to segregation both in the armed services and in society more broadly. They were, however, more supportive of federal anti-lynching legislation in the war's immediate aftermath, and southern white veterans were more supportive of black voting rights in the early 1960s. Relying on archival materials related to small-scale experiments in the military, this chapter also considers the counterfactual where Roosevelt had moved to integrated the armed forces during or prior to U.S. entry into World War II, highlighting the potential consequences for white racial attitudes of FDR's refusal to integrate the armed forces during the war
Print publication: 11 July 2019, pp 1-28
This introductory chapter describes the general theoretical relationship between war and the inclusion of marginalized groups, provides historical background on civil rights politics in the World War II era, and addresses several methodological and definitional issues.
Print publication: 11 July 2019, pp 172-186
Print publication: 11 July 2019, pp vi-vi
Print publication: 11 July 2019, pp i-iv
6 - War, Race, and American Political Development
This chapter gathers the evidence from the preceding chapters to offer a refinement of the more general theoretical relationship between war and the inclusion of marginalized groups based on this book's analysis of World War II and the response to black civil rights advocacy. The chapter then discusses questions that remain open for future scholarship, particularly possibilities that might arise from expanding the scope of the analysis to other political institutions and other marginalized groups. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the importance of studying war to better understand the outcomes of not just civil rights politics, but domestic political processes more generally.
4 - The Roosevelt Administration and Civil Rights During World War II
Print publication: 11 July 2019, pp 95-127
This chapter examines the Roosevelt administration's record on civil rights in the context of the Second World War. Relying on internal executive branch documents, as well as attempts by black newspapers to get the administration to comment on the Double-V campaign, the chapter demonstrates the White House's familiarity with the Double-V rhetoric of civil rights activists, and frames this as part of a larger debate within the Roosevelt administration about whether to maintain a New Deal focus on social policy or focus almost entirely on the military aspects of World War II. The chapter then examines how wartime activism compelled Roosevelt to issue an executive order to combat defense industry discrimination, while similar efforts to integrate the armed forces proved unsuccessful.