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Reducing Tree Damage in Future Storms

Click here to download the Storm Recovery Kit


When a major storm strikes, some trees seem to be able to come through with only minor damage, while others suffer the loss of large limbs or sizable parts of their branching structure. In the worst cases, trees may be completely split in two or may have nothing left standing but a trunk.

If a tree has been weakened by disease, there may be little that can be done to prevent major breakage or loss when the stresses of a storm occur. However, there are preventive measures that home and property owners can take to help their trees be stronger and more resistant to storm damage.

The Arbor Day Foundation offers these five suggestions for pruning a tree that will promote the growth of strong branches:

  1. Encourage good branch angles. For most deciduous (broadleaf) trees, narrow angles between branches signal a point of future weakness, whether in the trunk or in the crown of the tree. This happens because as two branches grow closely together, neither has sufficient space to add the wood needed for strength. Instead, they grow against each other, creating a weak joint. The effect is similar to hammering in a wedge between them.To prevent this, remove one of the two branches when the tree is young. (see illustration f1). For best branch strength, the ideal branching angle in many broadleaf tree species approximates 10 o'clock or 2 o'clock. Branches at those angles should be encouraged by removing competing but less desirable neighbors (see illustration f2).


  3. Maintain a stable center of gravity. Wind, winter snow loads, or previous loss of a major limb can create situations where the tree's center of gravity is not positioned over the trunk. Then when a severe storm hits, a slight bit of extra weight or wind pressure can break limbs, snap the trunk off, or even topple the tree, roots and all. You can help reposition a tree's center of gravity by selectively removing branches on the leaning side and encouraging branches on the opposite side (see illustration f3).

  4. Remove rubbing branches, suckers, watersprouts, and temporary branches. Branches that rub against each other produce wounds and decay. One of the offending branches should be removed. Watersprouts and suckers can occur at the base of the tree or inside the crown. They are rapidly growing, weakly attached, and upright branches that do not follow the tree's normal growth pattern. On trees that have been severely damaged, these kinds of branches may be temporarily needed to provide foliage. In healthy trees, however, they most often use more energy than they return to the tree, and it is best to remove them as soon as possible (see illustration f4).


    Because leaves are vital in providing the tree with nourishment, never remove more than one-third of a tree's leafy crown when pruning.


    If a branch needs to be removed, cut it back to a main branch or to the tree's trunk. Never leave a stub (see illustration f5).

Illustration of Narrow Joint Illustration f1

Cutline: Two branches growing at a narrow angle to each other can create a weak joint. It's best to remove one of the branches while the tree is young.

Illustration of The Strongest Branches Illustration F2

Cutline: Branches at angles of 10 and 2 o'clock are often strongest. Side branches should have diameters less than 3/4 the diameter of the trunk.

Illustration of Unbalanced Trees Illustration F3

Cutline: Restore the center of gravity of unbalanced trees by removing branches on the leaning side and encouraging growth on the opposite side.

Illustration of Watersprouts and Suckers Illustration F4

Cutline: Watersprouts and suckers are weakly attached and grow rapidly, usually in a vertical fashion. Unless needed for temporary foliage on a damaged tree, they should be removed as soon as possible.

Illustration of Branches Growing From Cut Stubs Illustration F5

Cutline: Branches growing from cut stubs are weakly attached. When they get larger, they can easily break from the pressures of wind, ice, or snow.

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