@ARTICLE{10.3389/fnhum.2017.00298, AUTHOR={Fujii, Keisuke and Yoshihara, Yuki and Tanabe, Hiroko and Yamamoto, Yuji}, TITLE={Switching Adaptability in Human-Inspired Sidesteps: A Minimal Model}, JOURNAL={Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, VOLUME={11}, PAGES={298}, YEAR={2017}, URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00298}, DOI={10.3389/fnhum.2017.00298}, ISSN={1662-5161}, ABSTRACT={Humans can adapt to abruptly changing situations by coordinating redundant components, even in bipedality. Conventional adaptability has been reproduced by various computational approaches, such as optimal control, neural oscillator, and reinforcement learning; however, the adaptability in bipedal locomotion necessary for biological and social activities, such as unpredicted direction change in chase-and-escape, is unknown due to the dynamically unstable multi-link closed-loop system. Here we propose a switching adaptation model for performing bipedal locomotion by improving autonomous distributed control, where autonomous actuators interact without central control and switch the roles for propulsion, balancing, and leg swing. Our switching mobility model achieved direction change at any time using only three actuators, although it showed higher motor costs than comparable models without direction change. Our method of evaluating such adaptation at any time should be utilized as a prerequisite for understanding universal motor control. The proposed algorithm may simply explain and predict the adaptation mechanism in human bipedality to coordinate the actuator functions within and between limbs.} }