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The Science

Why is losing weight so hard?

When we commit to losing weight most of us start with researching the latest diets and enthusiastically adopt a new food and exercise plan.

One of the main reasons we do this is because for years we have been told that losing weight is easy and that the process is as simple as ensuring calories going in are fewer than the calories going out. Sound familiar?

Whilst this certainly isn’t bad advice the problem is that it is far too simplistic and surely if it was this easy, all of us would be able to shed pounds easily?

So what factors effect the rate at which we are able to lose weight?

The reason everyone loses weight at different rates is because we all have differing metabolisms which is largely predetermined by your gender and genetics.

On top of this, losing weight is made even more complicated when you consider all the additional factors that could be working against you such as; stress, hormones, lack of sleep, age, medication, disabilities, lifestyle and so on.

How does your brain react to a change in body weight?

Your brain fights to keep your body at a predetermined weight (often called the set point) in order to maintain the optimal amount of fat storage. The specific area in the brain that automatically regulates this in your body is called the hypothalamus.

The hypothalamus uses a complex bio chemical process to regulate appetite and food intake. This means that when you go above or below your set point, your brain will push your body to settle back into what it believes is your ideal weight.

Unfortunately, when a person is over weight or obese this process naturally stores significantly more fat than it should.

How does Modius work?

Modius is making the whole process of losing weight easier by sending a safe electrical pulse into the vestibular nerve (found just below the surface of your skin, behind your ear).

This pulse stimulates this nerve which we know positively influences the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce cravings, decrease appetite and makes you feel fuller, quicker.


Cravings are influenced by the area of the brain stem called the parabrachial nucleus.

What happens to your cravings when you try to lose weight?

A common finding when people try to lose weight is that cravings for carbohydrates increase. This is especially true when the body is under stress making it harder to resist snacks and excess calories.

How does Modius help to fight cravings?

Modius specifically targets your cravings by reducing your desire for carbohydrates making it easier to resist high calorie snacks.


The hypothalamus regulates appetite by receiving feedback from hormones such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin.

What happens to your appetite when you try to lose weight?

The hypothalamus uses this feedback to automatically control your hunger. However, when body weight goes down the hypothalamus unfortunately increases appetite significantly.

How does Modius help to control your appetite?

Modius targets your appetite during this time by controlling your appetite and stopping it from increasing significantly when you are trying to lose weight.


Fullness is automatically regulated in the area of the brain called the nucleus of the solitary tract. It does this by monitoring signals from the gut and hormone levels in the blood. It is also this part of the brain that determines portion size and lets you know when you are full.

What happens to your sense of fullness when you try to lose weight?

It is this area of the brain stem that leads to someone never feeling satisfied with food and typically leads to overeating.

How does Modius help with fullness?

Modius targets your feeling of fullness and therefore should make you feel satisfied faster with food and generally stops you from overeating.

Further Research

To find out more about the science behind Modius, simply follow the link to read papers in our research library.