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A ger district on the outskirts of Ulaanbaatar


Most ger districts are not connected to water supplies, so people get their drinking water from public wells. For a warm shower or a bath, there are bathhouses. Since there is no sewer system, ger district parcels usually have a pit toilet.[1]

Small settlements, like sum centers, may consist almost exclusively of ger districts. Even in Mongolia's capital Ulaanbaatar, around 62% of the population live in such districts. However, only about 43% of the ger district residents in Ulaanbaatar actually live in gers.[2] Some of the districts in Ulaanbaatar have existed for more than 100 years, for example the one around Gandan, but many of those farther away from the city centre are the result of recent migration and the high price of other accommodation in Ulaanbaatar.

An oft-cited problem of ger districts in Ulaanbaatar and a number of other larger Mongolian cities is the air pollution (especially in winter) caused by the use of simple iron stoves for cooking and heating.


  1. ^ Engel, David (2015). "Ulaanbaatar's GerDistrict Issues: Changes and Attitudes". School for International Training. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  2. ^ Ulaanbaatar Statistical Office. 2008 Annual Report. Population data as of 01-01-2009. Sheet "HH type UB"