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Basil plant care


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Basil plant care

Basil breeding and reproduction
Basil Planting

The time of basil planting is after eliminating the risk of frost and frost. The effects on seed methods, transplantation, and cuttings.
Basil seeds should be provided with a reliable source so that the seeds are of good quality. The germination rate is above 80%.
In large-scale planting of basil in agricultural land, a fertilizer or commercial seed sprayer is suitable for seeding, and when the seed is sprayed directly, large seed sprays increase the 90-80% germination ratio. For commercial purposes, seeding It is suitable for seeding.
The soil bed should be suitable. It should flatten the ground, grind it and create a uniform environment. At planting time it is best to have moisture at the farm's capacity.
Germination is carried out for 8-14 days. For fast germination, it is better to raise the temperature by 85-70 ° F, germinate within 5 to 7 days.
To prevent cracking the soil, it can be covered with a layer of soil and mixed with vermiculite or turbine and keep the soil moist.
The initial growth is the same, and after several leaves appear, growth is increasing.
Some breeders who use Basil as a yearly product to enter the market do not use direct seeding but use seedlings. They are used in the greenhouse in late March to early April for cultivating seedlings, and in the province Coastal or alluvial, and grow in mountainous areas in mid-April to mid-May.
Nodes are easy to grow and grow 4-6 weeks. Transplantation is in real stage 4-2. Resistance is carried out in May, which is irrigated in the yard 24 to 12 hours before the transfer.
The lateral branching and growth grow when the plant height reaches 12 centimeters.
The desired density is to some extent related to the end of use when used to provide the necessary planting and harvesting equipment.
In the case of hydroponics cultivation in the NFT system with channels of 7-8 centimeters, the result will be successful. Planting in rock wool has also been successful in the combination of sand and peat.
Planting Basil Violet

Purple Basil

In this method, the seeds of Basil are grown by planting in perlite or cubes of propagules under the influence of a temperature of 21 ° C within seven to seven days, producing seedlings at a distance of 20 cm from each other in the early spring, in The main plot was cultivated.
The problem with NFT is that a large root system in Basil can block NFT channels after a while.
In this case, we need to hold the scaffolds to grow Basil.
The depth of cultivation is superficial and is about a quarter inch.
The rows are spaced 90-60 centimeters apart and the space of each plant is 15 centimeters. The basil is grown up to 30 centimeters high.
The distance between the bed is proportional to the growing equipment and is usually 24-24 inches.
Large varieties are cultivated according to climatic conditions, plant types, cultivations, and management. Large oil producers make 35,000 to 30,000 plants per acre.

Depending on the climatic conditions, the plant grows between 60-40 centimeters.
In open cultivation (garden or agricultural land), Basil's vegetative period is between 180-170 days, and it is customary for several China to do this during this period.
In the greenhouse, the vegetative period lasts about 45 days, at which time the plant is rooted and supplied.
Basil stimulates butterflies and insects in the garden, and it stimulates the growth in companion plants and specialty tomatoes and peppers, and the repellent is a white butterfly.
Seven days after cropping, remove the herb with a solution of 2kg / 1000 capped or benomyl, plus 2ml/1000 Liter Diazinon, and repeat this procedure 2 times in 7 days.
Sprinkle the poison so that the crown of the plant and the soil around the plant are touched to a toxic solution.

Basil Planting
Planting basil in the garden

Sandy loam soil or silty loamy, proper drainage (heated early in the spring) and ventilation should be done well. The pH is moderate to 7.5-6, but the optimal pH is 6.6.
Most of the soils in the central regions of Iran are alkaline. To reduce and neutralize to acidic and neutral, you must add sulfur to the soil prior to cultivation.
To reduce the pH of alkaline soils from ammonium sulfate fertilizer, calcium nitrate is used to raise the acid pH of the soil.
Ec is average and is about 4.2-4 dS / m.
It is better to disinfect the soil. The chemical disinfection must be plowed and flattened and has a moisture content of at least equal to the temperature (minimum depth of 25 cm is the moisture content of the soil).
- Temperature
When the risk of ice is passed, it is a good time to plant. It is better to germinate at a temperature of 29 to 20 degrees. But they can "grow at a temperature of 10-30 degrees Celsius, but the optimum temperature is 24 to 20 degrees Celsius."
In addition, when the temperature exceeds 40 degrees Celsius, besides stopping the growth of the plant, the leaves are burned.
The appropriate thermal range for growing plants is the extent to which photosynthesis is equally well balanced. It is believed that high temperatures with high humidity cause damage.
- Water
It requires continuous moisture. From seed emergence, the seed needs up to 550-500 mm of water.
Basil is not resistant to water stress at each stage of growth. Regular irrigation is required in this product. Drip irrigation can be used.
Ec Water is less than 750 microns and can be used between 1500-750.
For the production of grams per day, basil is consumed in leafy vegetables of 2500 grams of water.
The optimum temperature during irrigation is 15-15 degrees Celsius because it causes shock to the plant at low temperatures as well as some diseases.

Irrigation should not be done during hot days of the day. Early in the morning or dusk.
High humidity causes the growth of diseases, decreases leaf evaporation, and reduces the absorption of soluble food by the root. The sealant should be taken for the closed environment. In the winter, raising the temperature to 28 degrees Celsius and keeping some pores open, excess moisture Reducing the amount of production in the lower humidity and increasing the pests and mites. The best moisture content is between 55% and 70%.
Some of the benefits of drip irrigation are 1. The only part of the soil that is needed is wet and irrigated. 2. Reduces moisture, pests, and diseases. 3. It acts as a leachate in saline areas. Reducing water consumption. 5. Fertilizer and soluble pesticides can be done through irrigation.
Some disadvantages are 1. Cost of. 2-Eclipse of pipes (solution: dilute sulfuric acid).

- Light
Sunshine is full of sunshine and growing throughout the day. Although sometimes due to intense sunlight it needs shadows in the summer, it generally needs enough light. The plants are long-standing throughout the day. During the long day Due to increased hours of light exposure and, consequently, increased feed in the plant, it increases production. Light intensity causes stem truncation and shortening between nodes and root development, reducing light from the required amount of elongation and thinning of the stem, lack of root development and reduced plant resistance.
In the case of photosynthesis, in order to eliminate the problem of light natural light in the winter and the growth of plants, the additional artificial light uses mercury or moonlight bulbs that use a combination of two fluorescent lamps. Similar spectra Create the sun.
- Mulch
The use of mulch is highly recommended for the production of fresh basil.
Basil needs sufficient soil moisture during the growing season to maintain the quality of the product. The soil may be covered with organic matter in the rows and it controls moisture and weed control. A mulch-containing land reduces the amount of soil spray on the leaves and This can facilitate the washing of leaves at harvest time and reduce the incidence of the disease. The increase in the product is achieved by using black mulch, polyethylene, and organic materials. The use of hard skin and straw is appropriate.

- Fertilization
The fertilizer is moderate. A large number changes the taste. Degradation depends on the previous product and new fertilization to the soil. The use of the soil laboratory is necessary to determine the amount of material in the soil.
Excessive fertilization reduces the quality of basil at harvest time and increases the amount of soluble salt in the soil and reaches it to desirable levels. Plants that have a high fertilizer often become black in the cold rooms after harvest. The best chemical fertilizer is water soluble fertilizers, which is relatively low in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other minerals.
Fertilizer ratios before planting are 120-120-120 pounds per acre, K2O, P2O5, and N are given. (Soils that have these materials in a high density). The fertilizer can be dispersed or subsoil. PH of Basil When 5-6 / 7 is good, nitrogen can reach 20-20 pounds immediately after the first. If it is harvested more than once, after the first or second harvest, it is better to have between 15 and 30 pounds of nitrogen in Each hectare was used. The Indiana experiment showed that ammonium sources for nitrogen could reduce petiole and stem size and reduce the volume for lubrication (compared to nitrogen source).
Breeders who use Basil in organic soils should use federal or state guidelines for the production of materials. If you suspect that there is a shortage of plant nutrients in the plant, apply liquid fertilizer.

- Windbreaker
Severe winds can cause damage to the leaves and the loss of moisture on the ground. The use of bangs is necessary when the wind is intense.

This vegetable is usually harvested early in the summer, and in the late summer and mid-fall, Basil can be picked up again. This vegetable should be arranged at a distance of several centimeters (5 to 7 cm) from the ground. Fold the upper leaves and do not cut the lower leaves, as this will make the leaves thicker.

Basil Varieties:

Green-yellow basil or cinnamon, which has a smell like sweet spices and has beautiful, fragrant flowers.

Lilac basil, which has the odor similar to citrus.

Purple basil, which has a great flavor and sometimes used to decorate at home, this type of basil is used.

The perennial basil grows annually without re-planting. While other species are one year old.

Greek Basil, which is more difficult to grow, but its bush is stronger and has a good survival.

Properties and benefits of Basil's medicine and treatment
Basil is an aromatic plant and a spring breaker. Although most used as a vegetable or flavoring food, it also has certain therapeutic benefits, including 1) Nourishing basal and is very effective in treating nerve headaches. If you have 20 to 50 grams of basil stalk that contains leaves and flowers, pour in a liter of boiling water and give 12 minutes. Then make it smooth and sweet, and after every meal, drink 1 cup to relieve sorrow and depression.
2) Vegetable basil is exhilarating. Taken 50 grams of basil, which has been sweetened after every meal, is useful for treating unilateral headaches (migraines) and nerve headaches. Even the inhalation of the scent of Basil will remove the headaches from the journey.
3) 50 grams of basil peeled with honey is effective in removing sore throats and angina. To treat asthma, you can also take a thick boil from basil and wash it a few times a day. The cold boil is also feverish. So, in cases of swollen throat and colds, be sure to use basil.
4) Basil grains also have a soothing effect on glaucoma and it is useful in removing fetal swelling and secretions.
5) Basil is anti-dandelion, so what's good is that people who are sensitive to the gastrointestinal tract and quickly bloat with Basil's food
6) Basil also works in the treatment of diarrhea. Eating a basil egg for treating diarrhea has a healing effect.
7) Basil boil dissolves the gastrointestinal tract and is an anti-nausea and vomit.
8) Basil essential oil, called Plastick, is very aromatic and disinfecting the digestive tract and takes the smell of garlic and onion from your mouth. For this reason, a steady piece of bread and kebab is the fresh basil.
9) Basil germs kill diarrhea and cholera, and the smell of this mosquitoes and flies escapes. Use Basil in your garden to fight against insect pests.
10) Basil seeds seem to be effective in removing the effects of snake venom, both orally and in the wound area. There is a belief that basil can treat warts.