






Near hypoxia




st lawrence gulf map 770(Mariona Claret/U. Washington)




Huge simulation

Researchers used output from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory model, a high-resolution computer model that simulates the world’s oceans with a data point every 8 kilometers (5 miles).

The simulation took nine months to run using 10,000 computational nodes—huge, even by the standards of global climate models.

With this precision, eddies and details of the coastline that can influence ocean circulation begin to appear.

Model output combined with the historical observations show that as the carbon dioxide levels go up, Gulf Stream water replaces Labrador Sea water in the deeper parts of the St. Lawrence gulf.

Storms in the Labrador Sea have churned up the waters that the Labrador Current carries, and so air absorbed at the surface mixes far below the surface.

The Gulf Stream, however, is more stratified in stable horizontal layers; the top layer contains oxygen from the air above, but marine life has consumed the lower layers’ oxygen.

What’s next is unknown

What’s more, the warmer Gulf Stream is equally dense at a greater depth, so deeper, more oxygen-deprived layers from the Gulf Stream follow the same density pathway that oxygen-rich near-surface water from the Labrador Current takes.

“We relate a change in oxygen on the coast to a change in large-scale currents in the open ocean,” Claret says.

In the model, the shift in the large-scale ocean circulation causing warming and deoxygenation in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence also corresponds with a decline in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, an ocean circulation pattern known to strongly influence Northern Hemisphere climate.

“Being able to potentially link the coastal changes with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is pretty exciting,” Claret says.

Analysis shows that half the drop in oxygen observed deep in the St. Lawrence River is just due to the warmer water, which can’t hold as much oxygen.

The other half is likely due to other factors, such as biological activity in the two currents and inside the channel.

What will happen next is unknown, Claret says. The oxygen levels in the St. Lawrence will depend on much larger questions, she says, like how much carbon dioxide humans will emit into the atmosphere in the coming decades, and how large-scale ocean currents will respond.

The research was published in Nature Climate Change. 

Source: University of Washington


source :

Write a Comment

view all comments