Australian study conducted by North Sydney Environmental Protection Authority
(2015:1) highlight illegal dumping as an increasing concern in North Sydney
since 2004. The report states that household waste is the most common material
sent to  illegal dumping sites. However
it cannot be confined to a particular demographic. It concluded that any human
being is capable of dumping waste. According to this study there was no
evidence of relationship between  dumping
behaviour, education and income levels. This remains a significant because of
the questions that could not be explored with eSkotshi village study. If it was
not for other limitations it would have been worthwhile to compare dumping
behaviours in urbanised sections of the Ethekwini municipality to rural, and
previously marginalised areas where waste collection never existed before the
era of democracy.

are at least two research studies conducted in Ethekwini municipality on illegal
dumping. The study by (Abel, 2009) focused on perceptions of illegal dumping. One
finding says that people have a general belief that it is the duty of the
government to keep public spaces clean, Abel, (2009:5) therefore littering is
not a problem. The same study  singled
out waste building rubble piled by 
private owners to extend the slope. The rubble  has a potential to block storm water drainage,
sewer and contaminates nature. This becomes an environmental pollution act.

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(2010:91) presents some finding and recommendations of a study conducted in
Clermont KZN, thus highlighting that environmental problems like solid waste
management enjoy low priority in the community. According to Ngeleka, observations
have shown that there is illegal dumping in Clermont. People are more concerned
about meeting basic daily needs rather than worrying about the surrounding
environment and its immediate problems. There are various reasons stated by
people for practising illegal dumping. These types of conclusions leaves a lot
to be desired in as far as analysis of driving forces behind illegal dumping is
concerned. The results of the Ngaleka study speaks to objectives and identifies
gaps about awareness of environmental care and correct methods of waste disposal
by designated authority.

draft Integrated Waste Management Strategy,  (2016) for Ethekwini municipality speak to illegal
dumping. It highlights as follows: Poor waste removal services within a
specific area,  Lack of convenient
disposal sites;  Lack of public awareness
on the issue ( This shows that the municipality is
aware of the illegal dumping problem. Nevertheless, Ethekwini Municipality is
the relevant authority for waste management in the area of study. The
municipality has a dedicated function of  Solid Waste Management.



dumping remains a challenge in this municipality. This study will then
contribute to  mapping of the areas that
are affected by illegal dumping. The study will also make a contribution to
understanding reasons for dumping in the area where there is a waste collection
service. The waste collection service is rendered once a week. It is not known
why residence opt to dump their refuse. The hierarchy of waste management will
be chosen as the theoretical framework. It will help understand waste disposal
methods employed by the residents. The hierarchy of waste management will also
be useful in learning about favoured household waste methods over one another.