@conference {2106, title = {Opportunities to improve energy efficiency in the U.S. pulp and paper industry}, booktitle = {Paper Machine Technology, Relating Processing to Paper and Board Properties}, volume = {29}, number = {14}, year = {2001}, month = {2/2/2001}, abstract = {

This paper analyzes the energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reductions potential of the U.S. pulp and paper industry, one of the largest energy users in the U.S. manufacturing sector. We examined over 45 commercially available state-of-the-art technologies and measures. The measures were characterized, and then ordered on the basis of cost-effectiveness. The report indicates that there still exists significant potential for energy savings and carbon dioxide emissions reduction in this industry. The cost-effective potential for energy efficiency improvement is defined as having a simple pay-back period of three years or less. Not including increased recycling the study identifies a cost-effective savings potential of 16\% of the primary energy use in 1994. Including increased recycling leads to a higher potential for energy savings, i.e. a range of cost-effective savings between 16\% and 24\% of primary energy use. Future work is needed to further elaborate on key energy efficiency measures identified in the report including barriers and opportunities for increased recycling of waste paper.

}, keywords = {energy efficiency, industrial energy analysis}, author = {Ernst Worrell and Nathan C. Martin and Anglani, Norma and Einstein, Dan and Khrushch, Marta and Lynn K. Price} } @conference {2004, title = {Steam systems in industry: Energy use and energy efficiency improvement potentials}, booktitle = {ACEEE{\textquoteright}s 2001 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry Proceedings}, volume = {1}, number = {8}, year = {2001}, month = {7/2001}, abstract = {

Steam systems are a part of almost every major industrial process today. Thirty-seven percent of the fossil fuel burned in US industry is burned to produce steam. In this paper we will establish baseline energy consumption for steam systems. Based on a detailed analysis of boiler energy use we estimate current energy use in boilers in U.S. industry at 6.1 Quads (6.4 EJ), emitting almost 66 MtC in CO2 emissions. We will discuss fuels used and boiler size distribution. We also describe potential savings measures, and estimate the economic energy savings potential in U.S. industry (i.e. having payback period of 3 years or less). We estimate the nationwide economic potential, based on the evaluation of 16 individual measures in steam generation and distribution. The analysis excludes the efficient use of steam and increased heat recovery. Based on the analysis we estimate the economic potential at 18-20\% of total boiler energy use, resulting in energy savings approximately 1120-1190 TBtu (1180-1260 PJ). This results in a reduction of CO2 emissions equivalent to 12-13 MtC.

}, keywords = {industrial energy analysis}, author = {Einstein, Dan and Ernst Worrell and Khrushch, Marta} } @article {2083, title = {Carbon emissions from manufacturing energy use in 13 IEA countries: long-term trends through 1995}, journal = {Energy Policy}, volume = {29}, year = {2000}, month = {12/1/2000}, abstract = {


}, keywords = {emissions, energy efficiency, industrial energy analysis}, author = {Leon J. Schipper and Scott Murtishaw and Khrushch, Marta and Michael K. Ting and Karbuz, Sohbet and Unander, Fridtjof} }