"Latin America / Mexico / Caribbean" Essays

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What Defines Latin America Term Paper

Term Paper  |  6 pages (1,671 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


Latin America unites all countries of Americas where Romance languages are spoken (languages which derived from Latin language). From geographical perspective Latin America includes territories where Spanish, Portuguese or French dominated during colonization era: Mexico, Central America, South America and Caribbean. French speaking territories in Canada (such as Quebec province) are not included to Latin America, due to a number… [read more]

Latin America's Problems Owe Term Paper

Term Paper  |  5 pages (1,493 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


Now on to the definitions of the eight terms:

Caudillism. As we have seen, caudillo is the term used to refer to any leader whose power was not necessarily-based within, or on, an institutional framework, but rather on personal charisma, violence and patron-client relations. Examples of caudillos include Juan Vicente G. mez of Venezuela who ruled from 1908 to 1935,… [read more]

Role of the Church in Colonial Latin America Thesis

Thesis  |  7 pages (2,122 words)
Style: Chicago  |  Bibliography Sources: 4


Church and Colonial Latin America

The relationship between the Catholic Church and Latin America is one that goes back to the earliest history of European Spain's first explorations of South America. The Church has had an integral role in the development of Latin America in an economic, political, and social capacity that continues to be reflected in Latin America today.… [read more]

Colonial Latin America Essay

Essay  |  2 pages (600 words)
Bibliography Sources: 0


Colonial Latin America -- 3 Questions

What aspects of Iberian society were transferred to the New World?





Practically…… [read more]

Advancing Democracy in Latin America Through the Church Term Paper

Term Paper  |  12 pages (3,554 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


Advancing Democracy in Latin America Through the Church

The whole of Latin America has been weighed down by dictatorial regimes. The age of Human rights and democracy had been met with brute force. Many of these military takeovers had been planned extremely methodically and the political forces could do nothing else but avoid any all-out confrontation with the military generals.… [read more]

Economy of Latin America Term Paper

Term Paper  |  8 pages (2,628 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+



Of course, no discussion of the damaging economic effect dependency has on the Latin American economy as a whole can be complete without touching specifically on… [read more]

Growth of Latin America vs. East Asia Term Paper

Term Paper  |  1 pages (437 words)
Style: Harvard  |  Bibliography Sources: 3





Latin America Term Paper

Term Paper  |  2 pages (580 words)
Bibliography Sources: 0





Latin America/China Term Paper

Term Paper  |  1 pages (493 words)
Bibliography Sources: 0




Economic Geographies of Contemporary Brazil Thesis

Thesis  |  8 pages (2,634 words)
Bibliography Sources: 15



However, this economic system has changed by wide and far and Brazil has warmed up to and embraced capitalism as many other countries have done. This is compliance to the world culture that is postulated in the polity theory. In the new economic system, the investors in Brazil… [read more]

Top Ten Latin American Cities Research Paper

Research Paper  |  3 pages (712 words)
Bibliography Sources: 3



Figure 1

Ease of Doing Business Variables



Figure 2

Ease of Doing Business -- Latin American Countries


Summary and Conclusion



Mexico's Well-To-Do Move North (2012) Global Perspectives. April 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.realtor.org/sites/default/files/publications/2012/global-perspectives/global-perspectives-2012-04-mexicos-move-north.pdf


Economic Commission on Latin America Term Paper

Term Paper  |  10 pages (2,786 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+



The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

The ECLAC was developed in 1948 as a network of many other UN regional commissions. The design was to stimulate the Latin American and Caribbean approaches to economic development by using studies and initiatives to promote projects.

ECLAC has been the main source of information and analysis with Latin… [read more]

Latin America: Political or Apolitical Term Paper

Term Paper  |  5 pages (1,317 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+












International Trade the Latin American Economy Research Proposal

Research Proposal  |  10 pages (2,627 words)
Style: Harvard  |  Bibliography Sources: 1+


International Trade

The Latin American economy has been following a constantly ascending development trend in the last decades, despite several crisis that took back the past progress on the respective occasions, like the financial crisis in Argentina in 2002. Based on the wealth of natural resources, the economies of Latin America grew on their exports, as well as on the… [read more]

Guerillas Latin America Term Paper

Term Paper  |  5 pages (1,629 words)
Style: MLA  |  Bibliography Sources: 4



Latin America

Latin America is composed of several communities where most of them are living in urban areas. Terrorism was built here through the use of guerrilla warfares. According to O'Connor, "It's a region of militant and lunatic extremism, right-wing death squads, military juntas, Communist heroes, organized crime, left-wing Marxists and Maoists, religious fanatics, and peasant wars (2006)." The… [read more]

Poverty in Latin America Research Paper

Research Paper  |  2 pages (758 words)
Bibliography Sources: 2







Latin America. (2010, June 7). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&oldid=366711869

Poverty. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/poverty


Domino Theory in Central America Essay

Essay  |  2 pages (638 words)
Bibliography Sources: 2


Domino Theory in Latin America





Indigenous People Were Conquered Term Paper

Term Paper  |  4 pages (1,173 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


" The social unit, then, was primarily based on cooperation and communality (INCAS (http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAMRCA/INCAS.HTM)."








Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan; (March 2000)

ISBN: 0312228171

INCAS http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAMRCA/INCAS.htm


SPANISH DEVELOPMENT http://www.econ.org/octlessons/ushistory3,2-3.htm

Bakewell,… [read more]

U.S. and Latin America Term Paper

Term Paper  |  7 pages (2,233 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


S., so they add little money to the local economy: they therefore do not benefit positively the local economy. It is difficult to see what benefit Panama receives from U.S. troops stationed in the U.S., and it is well-known that U.S. troops are in Panama solely to safeguard its national interests with regard to the canal, not to help Panama.… [read more]

U.S. Latin America Relations State Departments Leading Essay

Essay  |  4 pages (1,773 words)
Bibliography Sources: 3


U.S. Latin America Relations

State Departments leading expert on the Soviet Union, George F. Kennan, sent his famous "long telegram" to the state department from his post in the U.S. embassy in Moscow in February 1946, wherein he enunciated his realist views of U.S.-Soviet relations in the Cold War. What was needed, in his view, was a "long-term, patient, but… [read more]

History of Film in Latin America Thesis

Thesis  |  5 pages (1,647 words)
Style: MLA  |  Bibliography Sources: 3


History Of Film In Latin America

The countries of Latin America have experienced a constant fall with the coming of the second half of the twentieth century when concerning their economy. Things had gotten worse and people steadily began to feel the soreness of poverty. The poor people of Latin America lived in ghetto-like neighborhoods where life had been a… [read more]

Forgotten Continent: The Battle for Latin America Term Paper

Term Paper  |  8 pages (2,502 words)
Style: MLA  |  Bibliography Sources: 2


Forgotten Continent: The Battle for Latin America's Soul

Latin American used to be considered a non-entity in terms of economic opportunity. When some one said, "Latin America" it typically conjured up images of primitive tribes, jungles, and ancient long lost ruins. It was not associated with a land of opportunity for investment and venture capital. However, Latin America continues to… [read more]

Cockfighting in Latin America Term Paper

Term Paper  |  10 pages (2,939 words)
Bibliography Sources: 4


Cockfighting is a sport that exists in many different regions of the world. However, the sport of cockfighting is prevalent in Latin America. Although there are many who believe that cockfighting is immoral and constitutes cruelty to animals, it is still a popular and legal sport throughout Latin America. The purpose of this discussion is to research the role of… [read more]

Latin American Economy Between Years Reaction Paper

Reaction Paper  |  2 pages (473 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1


What was the impact on the development of political systems?



How did this export oriented pattern of development affect social structures?


Works Cited:


Pittsburgh, PA. 1997. Print.


Post Colonial Latin America Research Proposal

Research Proposal  |  3 pages (1,018 words)
Bibliography Sources: 5


¶ … colonialism in the current Latin America






U.S. Latin America International Affairs Thesis

Thesis  |  3 pages (956 words)
Style: APA  |  Bibliography Sources: 0


U.S. -- Latin America International Affairs








Paul Sigmund's ) Latin America: Change Reaction Paper

Reaction Paper  |  2 pages (604 words)
Style: APA  |  Bibliography Sources: 3







Term Paper  |  4 pages (1,418 words)
Style: MLA  |  Bibliography Sources: 5


Military as an Institution in Latin America and Its Role in Chile

Latin America today is known not only for its unique, culture-based, Spanish legacy, but it's also known for political instability, military coups and political adventurism. It's enough to remind economic collapse in Argentina of 2001, presidential elections in Venezuela and Peru, insurgency in Columbia and Bolivia, etc. Militarist… [read more]

Latin America Both Social Essay

Essay  |  2 pages (580 words)
Bibliography Sources: 2




Imperialism Research Paper

Research Paper  |  3 pages (933 words)
Bibliography Sources: 3






What lasting impact United State involvement had in Latin America


Works Cited

Ebeling, R. M. (1990) Panama and the Canal: Children of American Imperialism and Socialism Retrieved from: http://www.fff.org/freedom/0590b.asp extraterritoriality. (2011). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/199129/extraterritoriality

Lotta, R.U.S. Imperialism, the Cuban Revolution, and Fidel Castro. Retrieved from: http://revcom.us/a/056/cubahist-en.html

"The New Imperialism" Retrieved from: http://www.suu.edu/faculty/ping/pdf/TheNewImperialism.pdf… [read more]

Defends a Definition of Populism Term Paper

Term Paper  |  8 pages (2,184 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+









Buxton, J. (2000). Hugo Chavez and Populist Contunuity in Venezuela. To be found at http://www.psa.ac.uk/cps/2000/Buxton%20Julia.pdf. Accessed on 3rd December 2003.


Coslovsky, S.V. (2002). Neoliberalism, populism and presidential impeachment in Latin America. To be found at http://nils.lib.tufts.edu/Fletcher/SaloCoslovsky.pdf. Accessed on 3rd December 2003.

De la… [read more]

Open Veins of Latin America Book Report

Book Report  |  3 pages (900 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1


Latin America




Definition of Latin America Essay

Essay  |  4 pages (1,202 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1





Social Issues


Colonization of Latin America Research Paper

Research Paper  |  10 pages (2,974 words)
Bibliography Sources: 10



Export Companies in Mexico Research Paper

Research Paper  |  3 pages (917 words)
Bibliography Sources: 3


Export Companies in Mexico






Latin American Studies (by Philip Swanson) Essay

Essay  |  2 pages (580 words)
Bibliography Sources: 0




Latin America Revolutions Essay

Essay  |  2 pages (715 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1








Latin American Politics United States Term Paper

Term Paper  |  11 pages (2,959 words)
Bibliography Sources: 0



Over the years, many changes have occurred recently concerning the numbers and types of interest groups. Now interest groups are not just the army, the church, and the oligarchy,… [read more]

Cultural Awareness for Mexico Essay

Essay  |  4 pages (1,472 words)
Style: APA  |  Bibliography Sources: 4


Cultural Awareness of Mexico

Mexico is the United States' neighbor to its south. However, cultural misunderstandings have existed between the two nations almost since their beginnings as independent nations. The United States' acquisition of Texas and other formerly Mexican territories in the 19th century, coupled with the profound economic disparities in wealth between the nations are two examples of historical… [read more]

Earth, as the People of the Old Thesis

Thesis  |  11 pages (3,609 words)
Bibliography Sources: 6


¶ … earth, as the people of the old world had come to meet the ones from the new one on the American continent. The island of Hispaniola had been the place to host the meeting between the natives and the Europeans. The people on the island had been accustomed with invaders, as numerous tribes had succeeded in raiding the… [read more]

Art Violence and Social Engagement in Colombia Research Proposal

Research Proposal  |  58 pages (19,788 words)
Style: Chicago  |  Bibliography Sources: 35



Latin American History as in Other Nations Term Paper

Term Paper  |  3 pages (848 words)
Bibliography Sources: 0


Latin American History






Latin American Culture Essay

Essay  |  3 pages (983 words)
Style: Harvard  |  Bibliography Sources: 3


Latin American Culture


The Literature on Latin American and the Development Model




Comparative Politics Development in Emerging Economies of Latin American Countries Term Paper

Term Paper  |  12 pages (3,903 words)
Bibliography Sources: 6


¶ … Economies of Latin American countries

Comparative Politics

Latin America includes conceptually Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean and South American countries. In this culture is home to around 500 million people who speak mainly Spanish and Portuguese. The largest metropolis in Latin America is Mexico City with around 19 million.

Among the ten largest cities in the world belongs… [read more]

Economic Development in Honduras Term Paper

Term Paper  |  7 pages (2,008 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+






Econ. Incentive Regime



Information Infrastructure

Latin America














Latin America

Average Annual GDP growth (%)





Latin America

GDP per capita



Latin America

Poverty Index





Latin America

Unemployment rate, % of total labor force





Latin America

Gross Capital Formation





Latin America

Soundness of banks





Latin America

Adult literacy rate (% age 15 and above)





Works Cited






Times, 9.






World Socialist Web Site. Available: http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/jan1999/ban-



Income Disparity and Development Term Paper

Term Paper  |  9 pages (2,476 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


The idea of the positive correlation between greater democracy and lower levels of income inequality is also suggested by Li et al. (1998) However, the presumed connections between democracy and income disparities are not ubiquitous. From another perspective the contention is that democratic implementations have not been the panacea for the region in terms of its disparities. "Neither development nor… [read more]

Inquisitions Research Paper

Research Paper  |  12 pages (3,603 words)
Bibliography Sources: 7


Legally, it was required that there be at least two witnesses available as to the alleged heresy but in most cases the tribunal demanded far more. In the early days of the Inquisition the testimony of witnesses who had previously been convicted of heresy could not be used against the accused but as the fervor surrounding the Inquisition increased this… [read more]

Anthropology Andean Indigenous Interest Term Paper

Term Paper  |  10 pages (2,759 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


The largest concentrations of native peoples are found in Mesoamerica and the Andean region. The greatest territorial dispersion is found in the Amazon Basin. They speak more than 400 different languages, display a wide range of lifestyles, and have achieved different levels of development. They occupy diverse ecosystems and maintain differing relationships with the countries and societies within which they… [read more]

Coffee Industry According to Legend Term Paper

Term Paper  |  21 pages (5,646 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


While the plan was initiated in the best interest of the economy, the bottom line was that, without incentive to produce quality, most of Brazil's farmers focused their energies on producing volume instead of taste." (ibid) The IBC was dissolved in 1991 and the industry in the country was essentially left without clear direction. This uncertainly was not helped by… [read more]

Growth and Development Essay

Essay  |  5 pages (2,024 words)
Style: APA  |  Bibliography Sources: 5


¶ … nation's economic development can depend on many things. One school of thought has argued that geographical factors -- meaning temperate or tropical location, supply of ready labor, level of available natural resources -- are key considerations (Sachs, 2001). This argument makes sense, except when applied to Africa, where countries have the lowest per capita GDP in the world,… [read more]

Muslim Jewish Relations Research Proposal

Research Proposal  |  3 pages (851 words)
Style: MLA  |  Bibliography Sources: 0


Latin America








Cuba From 1962, Cuba Has Been Politically Term Paper

Term Paper  |  5 pages (1,617 words)
Style: MLA  |  Bibliography Sources: 4



From 1962, Cuba has been politically aligned with the archetypal Soviet Communist political structure. Under the singular leadership of Fidel Castro, Cuba turned from just another North American / Western European playground of excesses that so much of the Caribbean has become to a violently anti-American communist nation directly aligned with the Soviet Union and simultaneously the biggest failure… [read more]

Church and State Relations Term Paper

Term Paper  |  3 pages (865 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1


Spanish Colonial Church and State

Spain and Portugal's Long Lasting Marriage between Church and State

Spanish and Portuguese rule in the New World has been a complicated affair full of tensions and relationships which seem unnatural to the modern American and democratic viewpoint. For generations, the Spanish and Portuguese crowns had intimate ties with the affairs and authority of the Church. However during early American settlement of the state had taken center stage, with undertones. After a reunion of church and state in the New World in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Spanish and Portuguese lands in the Americas had re-opened the divide between church and state. Throughout rule in the New World, the Church gave justification to the brutal conquest and control over its far away colonies.

Both early Spanish and Portuguese expeditions in the New World had religious undertones, but were forged by members of the state rather than clergy. Early Spanish conquistadors and Portuguese explorers ventured into the Americas in the name of profit and patriotism. The Spanish and Portuguese crowns found an untouched reservoir of goods which brought enormous revenue to the nation's treasuries. Early conquests, headed by explores such as Hernando de Soto, Hernan Cortes, and Vaso Nunez de Balboa, were the main focus during the early portion of the sixteenth century. These military men sought goods and riches. They destroyed the grandeur of the native populations in order to take control of their lands and gold. However, once the two nations had set themselves up in the New World, they returned to their religious obligations. By the end of the sixteenth century, Spain controlled most of the continental United States, the Caribbean, and a massive chunk of the western casts of South America, (Mills 118).

The seventeenth century witnessed a wave of religious settlers to the Americas. As the Puritans invaded New England, Roman Catholic Spanish and Portuguese settled on the Western coasts of the New World. During this century, the Church gained more power and control of the new colonies. The Church actually mandated religious qualifications for those migrating to the New World. The colonies of Spain and Portugal enforced religious conformism; only those who followed the Roman Catholic traditions and beliefs were allowed to resettle in the new lands of the Americas. The seventeenth century saw both radical ideologies as well as the harsh backlash of the Church in response to those new ideologies, (Miller 234). However, the Spanish Inquisition, which began in the late fifteenth century, was still going on strong. The Inquisition had originally been started by Spanish royalty and had tied…… [read more]

Bolivian Cuban and Chilean Revolutions Compared Term Paper

Term Paper  |  4 pages (1,384 words)
Style: APA  |  Bibliography Sources: 4


Revolution Cuba, Bolivia, Chile

The Bolivian, Cuban, and Chilean Revolutions Compared and Contrasted

The purpose of this paper is a comparison of the Bolivian Revolution of 1952, the Cuban Revolution of 1959, and the "attempted revolution" of the Allende presidency in Chile in the early 1970s. The research will include an exploration of the militaries involved, the United States involvement in each country and the economy and positions held by the people of each country. The researcher will conclude with an opinion of how things could have been done differently if the researcher were a woman "revolutionary" in one of the countries provided above. The paper begins with a comprehensive overview of the Bolivian Revolution, and then compares and contrasts the revolution in Bolivia with the revolutions in Cuba and Chile.


The Bolivian, Cuban and Chilean Revolutions were all similar in that they involved Latin American countries and the unorganized overthrow of governments. Bolivia, Cuba and Chile during these revolutions realized revolts from the people, peasants, militias and governments of their country. In all three revolutions, the United States military influenced the outcome to some extent, although it did not succeed in establishing a democratic environment in any of the countries.

The Bolivian Revolution began in 1952, when the government of Bolivia created "universal suffrage" without requiring literacy or property requirements, under Victor Paz Estenssoro's leadership (LatinAmericanStudies.org, 2007). This increased the number of voters in the country substantially; the government under Estenssoro also offered militant control, increasing its hold of the army, and removed many officers that were associated with more conservative leadership, and replaced them. Shortly thereafter, the Agrarian Reform Law which abolished "forced labor" and instead instituted "expropriation and distribution of rural property," distributing lands with "low productivity" (LatinAmericanStudies.org, 2007). The new "revolutionary" government also inspired an increasingly strong militant group of miners, who founded a federation demanding much change and participation in government affairs. The government complied offering some representation in the cabinet.

During this time peasants living in Bolivia also had more rights and granted land, and militias of peasants were now armed with supplies which they did not have before, so they too became very powerful and political in Bolivia. Economic problems however overcame the country resulting from the radical changes occurring during the new regime. Many mines lost production because individuals working them did not have the money or experience to run them properly. Agricultural production also declined, resulting in "anarchy" among countrymen (LatinAmericanStudies.org, 2007).

Inflation and social spending were problems too affecting the economy and the power of money in the country which affected many members of the middle class causing them to join with the opposition (LatinAmericanStudies.org, 2007). By 1957 the United States intervened and provided aid subsidizing as much as 30% of the government, which helped reduce inflation under President Silez Zuazo. Zuazo emphasized experience and skills training, and helped stabilize the country and armed forces. This is not to say conflict did not increase or continue in the country;… [read more]

Kein and Haynes ) Draw Essay

Essay  |  2 pages (633 words)
Bibliography Sources: 0




The era of intervention 1898-1933


The Good Neighbor Policy 1933-45


Government of Chile Essay

Essay  |  2 pages (649 words)
Bibliography Sources: 2





Chile and Latin America


Motivations for and Effects of European Colonialism Term Paper

Term Paper  |  5 pages (1,802 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


Motivations for and Effects of European Colonialism in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa

From the 15th century onward, European colonization of Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, respectively, was motivated by economic greed, and (to a lesser extent) by religious zeal on the part of European nations (e.g., Spain in particular) wishing to spread Christianity to "uncivilized" indigenous peoples. As a… [read more]

Spain and the Christianization Essay

Essay  |  3 pages (899 words)
Style: APA  |  Bibliography Sources: 0






Simon Bolivar Term Paper

Term Paper  |  10 pages (3,362 words)
Bibliography Sources: 10


He believed he could get its independence and then work for a way to consolidate it with Venezuela in the future. Once New Granada had been liberated, Bolivar once again turned his attention to Venezuela and also to Ecuador (Bushnell & Fornoff, 2003). The two-pronged attack was successful over time. In the end, Bolivar created what was then called the… [read more]

History of the Republic Term Paper

Term Paper  |  4 pages (1,276 words)
Bibliography Sources: 3



In 1986, the people revolted, and rioting broke out. The Duvaliers were actually flown to safety on a U.S. plane, and they still live in France. This threw the country into turbulence, and numerous presidents took office beginning in 1987, most only lasting a few months in office before they were overthrown. Another elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, only lasted nine months before he was ousted and flown to safety in the United States.

All of this political turmoil only added to the economic woes of the country. Without a stable leader, there was little economic growth and development. Most of the leaders were as corrupt as the Duvaliers had been, and the desperately poor people again attempted to leave the country and find work and solace in other countries. Author Buckman continues, "Of the Haitians who made it to the United States or Guantanamo, only about 11% were admitted as political refugees. Incredibly poor and uneducated, many of them infected with AIDS and other diseases, they were considered undesirables."

In 1993, a movement began in the U.S. To restore Aristide to power, and in 1994, with U.S. intervention, that occurred. Aristide ruled (quite brutally) until elections in 1996, when Rene Preval was elected president.

Preval really attempted to end many of the political, social, and economic ills of the country. He tried to privatize inefficient state-owned businesses, attempted to meet requirements to qualify for International Monetary Funds, and he even gave small plots of land to peasants. However, he faced a political power play from former President Aristide, and most of his attempts at reviving the economy failed. Elections in 2000 were flawed and corrupt, and Aristide "won" reelection in a seriously flawed election. Writer Scott continues, "Though both were tragic, neither the failed legislative and presidential elections of 2000, nor the subsequent coup d'etat in 2004 that resulted in the ouster of President Jean Bertrand-Aristide were particularly unique in Haiti's history."

This of course, is what has led to the continuing economic crisis in Haiti. The country is led by brutal and self-serving dictators, they have yet to reach a full democracy, the government is extremely corrupt, and the economy is largely based on foreign aid that is often withheld because of the corruption and policies of the current leader in power.

Because there are so few jobs in the country, many residents have turned to drug dealing as a way to make a living, and armed gangs of drug dealers roam Haitian slums and while there are multi-national police in the country, it is hard for them to control the violent gangs. As author Buckman notes, "Haiti's economy, based on peasant survival and unbelievably low levels, is almost non-existent."

What little activity there is depends on agriculture, and wages are low, which attracts light industry but does little to help the economy. Ruthless leadership, government and personal corruption, and lack of a democracy and political ideals have led to a country with an economy that has grown… [read more]

Harvard Admission Qs as I Have Developed Research Proposal

Research Proposal  |  4 pages (1,188 words)
Bibliography Sources: 0


Harvard Admission Qs

As I have developed both as an individual and as a professional, I have been privileged to receive some remarkable opportunities. I am proud that where these opportunities have emerged, I have seized them and excelled.

My work experience in India is among my most substantial accomplishments. As an intern at a Latin American banking division in Bangalore, I composed and delivered a detailed analysis on the Argentine Banking Industry that was extremely well received. I found that with hard work, dedication and my own personal intuition, it was possible to experience validation through my peers and mentors. This was especially challenging in my newly unfamiliar surroundings. However, immersed in an environment and a culture that were both new to me, I found that I thrived on the stimulation of first-time experiences and the challenges inherent to such change. I was able to adapt to the environment and the necessary shift in lifestyle, completing my report while working within different teams, and more often than not, independently.

A count this as perhaps the most substantive of my accomplishments while in India, as a budgeted my own time, structured my own plan of implementation and succeeded in presenting my findings according to my own framework. Essentially, my experience in India was a revelation with respect to my desire to travel the world and my ability to function as a professional while doing so.

Equally as substantial were my individual contributions to Deutsche Bank, where I served proudly as a financial analyst. First securing the position, and consequently, having the opportunity to help grow an important firm, were milestones in my evolution as a person and an aspiring business leader. During my two-year tenure there, I was fortunate to work with a wide array of interesting and inspiring people, all of whom would leave a lasting impression on my. I do believe that this feeling was mutual through most of my interactions there.

Particularly, the positive nature of my engagement of other team members at Deutsche Bank inspired another substantial accomplishment and a project on which I am still currently working. While serving at Deutsche Bank, I initiated the creation of the Junior Council of Americas. Based in namesake and premise on the Council of the Americas, we have adopted there principals and interests concerning the congregation of bright business minds and ideas. The parent Council prides itself as being one of the premier business associations in Latin America, counting among its ranks many of the most successful businesspersons, public officials and intellectuals from throughout the region.

A founded the Junior Council with the same premise in mind, intending to create interest and awareness of the value in such associations to the next generation of bright business minds. The sons and daughters of Council members as well as a host of young talents have embraced the Junior Council as a way to discuss and potentially resolve some of the most pressing challenges facing Latin America today. The intellectual and… [read more]

Neoliberalism in Latin America Reaction Paper

Reaction Paper  |  3 pages (1,201 words)
Bibliography Sources: 2



According to Benjamin Keen, author of A History of Latin America," neoliberalism is the "policies of privatization, austerity, and trade liberalization dictated to dependent countries by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank as a condition for approval of investment, loans, and debt relief (1996, xi). Neoliberalism stands in opposition to Keynesian economics; one goal is to shrink the size of government and encourage direct investment from foreign countries. This political and economic philosophy has taken hold in many Latin American countries over the past few decades, with mixed results. In his article, "Neoliberalism and Democracy in Latin America: A Mixed Record," author Kurt Weyland explores in detail how neoliberalism took root in Latin America and the positives and negatives for democracy in those nations. He argues that neoliberalism has had a paradoxical effect. On the one hand it has made democracy more sustainable; on the other, it has limited the quality of democracy. Neoliberalism opened up Latin America to participation in the world economy, but this comes with its own pitfalls, including the political pressure that comes along with economic investment. When foreign countries make investments in Latin American countries -- often very large investments -- they also exert tremendous influence over the administrations that benefit from the influx of money. As Weylan writes, "tighter economic constraints limit governments' latitude and thereby restrict the effective range of democratic choice; and the weakening of parties and interest associations has depressed political participation and eroded government accountability" (p. 135).

The end result of neoliberal reform is a free-market system. While this model may seem like the ideal to those in the United States and other first-world nations, in Latin America the changeover required dismantling the established model and is dependent upon a strong leader with a concentrated core of power surrounding him. One of the earliest countries to make the difficult transition was Chile under dictator Augusto Pinochet, who made the transition with brutal force. The lesson learned seemed to be that democracy and neoliberalism didn't mix well, but, as Weylan points out, a "large number of Latin American democracies did enact drastic, painful market reforms from the late 1980s on" (p. 136). In an effort to put a stop to hyperinflation and gain economic stability, these leaders imposed strict budget austerity, cut the government workforce, gave over public entities to privatization and invited investors from around the world to participate in their economies. They also rolled back significant regulations and government controls. These "draconian" measures, as Weylan defines them, led to incredible short-term costs for many sectors of labor and business.

As mentioned earlier, the implementation of neoliberalism produced mixed results in Latin America. Weylan focuses on neoliberalism's effect on democracy in Latin America, pointing out that it has added to the survival of democracy but has eroded its quality, although he admits that his essay doesn't solve the discussion but rather provokes it.

Despite what occurred in Chile, the lesson taken from Pinochet's actions -- that democracy… [read more]

Killing Zone Research Paper

Research Paper  |  2 pages (631 words)
Style: MLA  |  Bibliography Sources: 2


Killing Zone

Critical Discussion of the Killing Zone

When it comes to Latin American Cold-War policy, the results have been far worse than Roosevelt ever imagined. From a policy of being a good neighbor through trade and peaceful monitoring, to a policy of political overthrow, imperial control, and manipulation, the federal government took a noble action of defending the free world against communism and went too far, resulting in the destruction of many Latin American countries constitutional governments. It is this historical discussion that is at the heart of Stephen Rabe's book, the Killing Zone. In his account Rabe goes into great detail to explore what happened in Latin America. The part where Rabe's discussion ends and the next beings, however, is the "Why."

Under president Truman American transformed from a defensive nation, whose goal was to simply protect its own borders to an interventionist government with the single goal and purpose of preventing the spread of communism. As can be discerned from Stephen Rabe's book, the Killing Zone, the interventionism of the United States was rooted in fear, desire for control, and imperialism.

The first motive behind the post WWII Latin American policy of the United States was fear. The primary motive of President Truman when the "Containment Policy" emerged was to stop communism swiftly and protect American's beloved freedom. American leaders were very afraid of the damage communism could cause to the many free nations of the world. Even worse, America feared the equivalent of another World War, as the iron curtain quickly expanded forming new alliances. It is this fear that led to the promise of the United States to come to aid of any free country who was fighting off communism (Cottom 76). The unfortunate result of such an intervention, according to Rabe, was a violent uprising in once peaceful countries where labor groups and the government constantly fought each other…… [read more]

Violence, History, and Suppression of Memory Term Paper

Term Paper  |  6 pages (1,748 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


Violence, History, And Suppression of Memory as Metaphor in Garcia Marquez's One Hundred Years Of Solitude

Colombian novelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez's fantastical masterpiece of magic realism, One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967) chronicles the long, colorful, violent, repetitive, and ultimately tragic history of the Buendia family of the mythical town of Macondo, an imaginary locale apparently based on Garcia Marquez's… [read more]

Mrner, Magnus With Harold Sims Book Review

Book Review  |  2 pages (601 words)
Bibliography Sources: 0


Equilibrium theory suggests that mobile labor forces create a "leveling" or equality of "human well being" and ultimately make the world a more economically equal and diverse place (124). The historical-structuralism perspective examines migration as a product of "structural transformation" and social formations, such as the coming to power of different racial and class groups and the influence of industrialization on the economies of different nations (124). Mrner believes these different theories offers some insight to explain mass migrations but also cautions the reader that non-economic and political influences had a profound influence on the period he chronicles.

This book is rather dry in terms of its presentation of historical information and sociological theory, perhaps because it was originally commissioned as a study by UNESCO, and was not originally intended to be read by the wider public. But learning about immigration to Latin America, and how it affected the racial and class structures within different nations, helps a reader becomes more aware of the social diversity of the region, and gain a better understanding of why some nations are more economically and politically stable at present than other Latin American nations. The book strives to put a human face on a now-often forgotten aspect of Latin American history. Usually, the ability of immigrants to make a positive contribution to the land to which they immigrated ultimately "depended more upon the socioeconomic structure of the receiver country" than upon the personal characteristics of the immigrants (84). The potential of a nation to become stronger because of immigration, Mrner writes, is contingent upon its social permeability and openness to change, not upon the educational or economic status of the migrants -- an important caveat to keep in mind…… [read more]

Ernesto "Che" Guevara's Identity Throughout the 1960s Term Paper

Term Paper  |  5 pages (1,602 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


¶ … Ernesto "Che" Guevara's Identity


Human Development in the Dominican Republic Term Paper

Term Paper  |  2 pages (585 words)
Bibliography Sources: 2


Human Development in the Dominican Republic

Human development is a complex and multifaceted process/phenomenon that can be understood in a variety of ways. According to one view, human development is "a process of enlarging choices" -- ensuring that populations and individuals are given the capabilities and opportunities to make choices that lead to their own growth, fulfillment, and achievement in economic, social, political, cultural and personal spheres (Arab Human Development Report, 2009). According to the United Nations Development Programme, human development can be broken down into three major categories: health, education, and living standards (UNDP, 2012). Both of these perspectives lead to the same basic conclusion: that human development is all about giving human beings opportunities to improve their lives and their outlooks -- something they cannot do without appropriate healthcare, educational opportunities, and living standards that allow for more than mere (and often questionable) subsistence and survivability. Human development requires social and economic progress, therefore.

In the Dominican Republic, with an average life expectancy of 73.4 years, twelve years of expected schooling, yet an estimated per-capita income of only $8,087 (in 2005 dollars), human development is in the middle range -- towards the upper end of the middle range and thus slightly higher than average, but still less than would be desired (UNDP, 2012). This places the nation somewhat higher than some other Latin Americna countries such as El Salvador and Paraguay, both of which have slightly lower life expectancies (72.2 and 72.5 years, respectively) and annual per-capita incomes ($5,925 and $4,727) but with slightly longer periods of expected schooling (12.1 years for both countries) (UNDP, 2012). Uruguay, however, with a life expectancy of 77 years, 15.5 years of expected schooling and an annual per-capita income of $13,242, is much higher…… [read more]

Inspired by National Liberation Ideology Essay

Essay  |  2 pages (539 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1


Like both Nicaragua and El Salvador, Guatemala had developed a strong guerilla movement that struggled against tyrannical regimes. Also like Nicaragua and El Salvador, the rebels were up against more than just domestic tyrants; their revolutionary campaigns targeted American imperialism as well. The CIA, in an attempt to squelch the revolution in Guatemala, supported a counterrevolutionary group that "overthrew a reformist regime and the social changes it had instituted," (Keen and Haynes 439). The result of the Guatemalan Revolution ended up being much bloodier and more brutal than those of Nicaragua and El Salvador, given the CIA-sponsored government's pogrom that entailed the genocide of indigenous people.

All three of these Central American revolutions targeted systematic forms of social, economic and political oppression. International corporate conglomerates, bolstered by wealthy nations but especially the United States, held control tightly over the region to keep wages low and prevent upward social mobility among the laboring classes. Each of these three nations were economically indebted to foreign states and corporations. In each of these three countries, but especially in Guatemala, racism was a key component to the tyrannical regimes. Revolutionary spirit drew equally as much from Marxism as from liberation theology. In each of these three cases, the United States intervened, albeit in slightly different ways, to squelch the revolutions. American hegemony ultimately prevented each of these three revolutions to reach their full fruition and accomplish all major social, political, and economic reforms. However, it was especially in Guatemala that the American intervention led to massive humanitarian rights violations.


Keen, Benjamin and Haynes, Keith. A…… [read more]

Politics of Memory Term Paper

Term Paper  |  10 pages (2,845 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


What is the connection between the domestic and international dimensions of the politics of memory? In terms of Chile, the situation regarding Pinochet has huge international repercussions, with the CIA releasing documents showing that they had some part in the 1973 military coup, and in supporting the military regime of Pinochet, with Colin Powell admitting 'This is not a part… [read more]

Cold War Rhetoric and American Term Paper

Term Paper  |  2 pages (865 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


Any political movement that the United States disagreed with and hated was acceptable, in the name of nationalism. Many ordinary Latin American nationals willingly supported communists, not because they were ardent believers in communism, or because they had such affection for the Soviet Union, but because independence and the right to self-determination were such an integral part of the communist cause. Marxism and nationalism and a positive realignment of the class structure that existed were ideologically fused.

The Soviet Union did support Castro. There is no historical doubt of this fact. But this financial backing did not mean that the United States was justified in seeing Cuba as a mere puppet of the Soviet regime. Furthermore, the paranoia of U.S. policy makers led them to become instrumental in terminating the Guatemalan revolution, where a socialist leader had electoral and democratic support. Instead, the U.S. supported a right wing tyranny, justifying stifling supposedly Soviet-backed socialism that they insisted was extending into the region. ("1954 Terminating a Revolution in Guatemala -- A View from Washington & John C. Dreier's 1954 Terminating a Revolution in Guatemala -- A View from Guatemala cited in Holden and Zolov)

Thus, the defense of U.S. supposed security was never synonymous in terms of the United States supporting democracy in Latin America. The United States was quick to elide popular support of communism with Soviet influence, where for many individuals in the nations in question, socialism and communism was associated with nationalism and liberation and the right to national self-determination. Cold War rhetoric showed little understanding of the inequitable class structure of Latin America, the need for national self-determination in the face of years of dominance by colonial European powers and the United States, nor did the U.S.'s 'domino theory' of communist influence consider the vital role played by the Church in Latin America, contrary to dearly held Soviet ideology. True, the Soviet Union supported communist leaders in Latin America, financially -- but simply because some rebels took 'red' money did not mean that they were under the U.S.S.R.'s control in the fashion conceptualized by U.S. policy makers, whom were intoxicated by their own fear-inducing words.

Works Cited

Longley, Kyle. In the Eagle's Shadow: The U.S. And Latin America. New York, 2002, Chapter 6.

Holden, Robert and Eric Zolov, Editors. Latin America and the United States: A Documentary History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, (Documents 60-75).… [read more]

Sarmiento's Vision for Argentina Essay

Essay  |  2 pages (663 words)
Bibliography Sources: 0


Women do all the work and boys spend most of their time harassing goats and calves until they enter puberty, at which time they jump off cliffs and fall off horses "on purpose." These men are "Spanish only in language," he writes, and they eschew proper religious instruction. The men in the countryside have "distain" for any "city dweller" that may have read books but has never pulled down "a fierce bull" to kill it.

What kind of society did Sarmiento believe that Latin Americans were creating?

He believed that in Argentina there were two separate societies in existence. The one, gauchos and others living in the countryside, and the other, civilized men and women living out European lifestyles in the city. He explained that there was "hatred" on the part of the gaucho for the city dweller, because, after all, the city person had never killed a tiger, or tried to prove he was "superior to nature" as the gaucho had done. In fact Sarmiento believed that the gaucho would be an instigator in future conflict because their customs produce "valor and tolerance for war"; they are accustomed to "slaughtering cattle," a necessary cruelty, and hence the gauchos are familiar with the "…spilling of blood that hardens their hearts against the victim's moans."

Still, the skills that the gaucho has learned do not involve intelligence and he is happily ignorant and poor, Sarmiento explains. What did Sarmiento want to happen in Argentina?

By reading between the lines of his narrative -- and by noting particularly poignant passages -- a reader can come to understand that Sarmiento wanted Argentina to become more European and less like the gauchos. Although an alert reader can see that Sarmiento actually admired some of the aspects of the gaucho culture, he insisted that civilized people cannot progress unless they come together in "populous societies"; everything that "characterizes cultured people" is in the city, and that was what he…… [read more]

Mexico Globalization Implies Besides the Increased Competition Essay

Essay  |  3 pages (847 words)
Style: MLA  |  Bibliography Sources: 3









America's Interests and Involvement in Cuba Term Paper

Term Paper  |  13 pages (4,606 words)
Style: Chicago  |  Bibliography Sources: 10


Americas interests & Involvement in Cuba




Sources of the revolution

Nationalism, economic, social, political.


The view from the United States

The Revolution and the American intervention

Reactions in Cuba

Reactions around the world

The Cuban Revolution can be considered to be one of the most important events that took place in Latin America during the Cold… [read more]

Biodiversity of Mexico Term Paper

Term Paper  |  10 pages (3,114 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


Biodiversity of Mexico

Covering an area approximately 1,978,000 square kilometers, Mexico is the third largest nation in Latin America after Brazil and Argentina. Its northern border with the United States runs 3,326 kilometers from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico and follows the Rio Bravo del Norte (the Rio Grande in the United States) east of Ciudad Juarez,… [read more]

Caribbean Art Competing Visions Research Paper

Research Paper  |  4 pages (1,232 words)
Bibliography Sources: 2


The Caribbean islands as painted in this portrait of this woman, place all people of Caribbean descent (both on the islands and in the many diasporas) as the providers of "of particular services that cater to "foreign" tastes."

While this commodification of sexuality (as seen in this painting as well as in a thousand ads for the pleasures of the islands) can be seen as "Faustian bargains with apocalyptic consequences." But it also seems to many Caribbean people as the only thing that they have to sell and thus a matter of survival (pp. 8-11). The fact that the subject is a resident of the Caribbean diaspora (as indicated in the painting's title) emphasizes that the way in which Caribbeans are seen by the rest of the world is not diminished even when the people leave the islands. To fall back upon a very-much tried-and-true cliche: It remains the case when considering the ways in which Caribbeans are represented by the world that they take the island with them wherever they go since their "islandness" is a part of their flesh.

Arnaldo Roche Rabell's oil painting We Have to Dream in Blue is very different in style: It trades the post-Impressionist easy-on-the-eye style for a ragged depiction of a "native" that borrows from Expressionism as well as more recent trends in painting. The subject of this painting, whose gender is ambiguous, although more male than female, suggests a depiction of the Caribbean that appears to be more native than outsider. While the subject of Mulatta seems more than anything else to be a critique of the ways in which Caribbeans understand the way in which they are seen by people from other parts of the world, We Have to Dream in Blue is a more aggressive view, one that is far less accepting of the ways in which outsiders view the Caribbean people and the islands themselves. This is not yet an entirely native viewpoint, as the painter suggests by the inclusion of the word "have" in the title. Who is forcing the Caribbeans to dream in a certain way? Could it be the Caribbeans themselves whose most intimate possession, the very expression of their souls and selves at night, who have become the enforcers of their own colonization? Or are those who compel the islanders to assume the burden of specific dreams and visions still those whose representations of the islanders still takes precedence over all others?

The subject of this painting has the blue eyes of a Northern European, suggesting a different kind of interbreeding than is depicted in the portrait of the mulatta. That this subject looks out of the eyes of a white person suggests the ways in which the Caribbean people are the subjects/victims of European desire, pinned by the gaze of these blue eyes like a beautiful butterfly on a collector's wall. However, in this case, the subject is the opposite of the sexually inviting woman of the other painting. Here the subject seems… [read more]

Santa Anna Dictatorship Term Paper

Term Paper  |  13 pages (4,136 words)
Bibliography Sources: 13


"[footnoteRef:17] Mary Petite described him as a man of extravagant tastes and outlandish ego, vanity and corruption, who owned a silver chamber pot, a gold-covered saddle and a $7,000 sword -- and enormously expensive item for that time and place. About the only consistent political conviction he ever showed, as Henderson contended, was extreme hostility to democracy, whether in Mexico… [read more]

Economic System of Mexico Term Paper

Term Paper  |  8 pages (2,017 words)
Bibliography Sources: 1+


The president is in charge of assigning the Secretaries of State, which are individuals who are assigned to be in charge of certain areas of the country. These positions include health care, tourism, the environment, education, commerce, social development, energy, peace within the nation, communications, the countryside, tax collection, labor, relations with other countries, and more.

Mexico's future depends on the economic future of the U.S. (Southwest Economy, 2002). The economic recession in the U.S. caused Mexico's exports to the U.S. To drop from $147.7 billion in 2000 to $140.3 billion in 2001. The latest data from the National Statistics Bureau shows that Mexico's exports in the first six months of 2002 dropped 2.8% compared with to last year. In June of 2002, the total exports of Mexico's manufacturing industry to the U.S. dropped by 2.9%. (see appendix a)

Analysts say that Mexico is facing the same problems that have been seen in Argentina, where the economic crisis has resulted in the lack of confidence, outflow of capital, and sharp decline of FDI.

Mexico depends on exports to the U.S., as these exports account for nearly a quarter of the country's GDP. This results in a strong link between the Mexican economy and the U.S. economy. Because of the economic recession in U.S. economy over the past two years, Mexico has seen little growth. Future growth of the Mexican economy depends largely on the future strength of the recovery in the U.S. In the next few years.

Still, investor confidence in the Mexican economy remains high even after the government reduced its growth estimate from 4.5% to between 2.5% and 3% due to the U.S. economy's downfall.

Foreign direct investment is expected to reach a record $17 billion in 2003 as companies build new plants to take advantage of cheap labor and a growing domestic market. However, analysts are concerned that the slower growth rates in Mexico may hurt its ability to meet spending, deficit, and inflation targets that have been key factors in maintaining investor confidence in Mexico. However, the government is taking measures to prevent further decline.

Lower interest rates are also allowing banks to start lending again, with the largest ones beginning to offer mortgages on a large scale for the first time since the peso devaluation in 1994. In addition, Mexican retailers have agreed to cut prices on 55 staple products over the next two months following government pleas to help keep inflation below the 4.5% target this year.


The Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. Columbia University Press. 2000.

Mexico Economic Survey, OECD Paris, 1999.

Mexico's Historical Figures, http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history/mexicopeople.html, Mexico Connect, 1996-2000.

Krauze, E. Mexico: Biography of Power. Rutgers, 1999.

Utley, Robert Marshall. Changing course: The international boundary, United States and Mexico, 1848-1963. Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, 1996.

Southwest Economy. Is Mexico Ready to Roar? September/October, 2002.




Comittment to sound fiscal policy

Dependence U.S. economy

Free floating exchange rate

Lack of credibility in inflation policy

NAFTA shields economy… [read more]

USA Intervention of Central America Essay

Essay  |  5 pages (1,427 words)
Bibliography Sources: 4


USA Intervention of Central America

The history of Central America was considered to be a colorful one, though it was a very complicated because of historical events that took place influencing the political, economical and cultural development of the Central America region. The United States of America intervention of Central America was very extensive in the twentieth century (Burbach &… [read more]

Mexico: Review of Culture, Religion, Politics Research Proposal

Research Proposal  |  8 pages (2,015 words)
Style: APA  |  Bibliography Sources: 16




The work of Giovanni E. Reyes (2001 entitled: "Four Main Theories of Development: Modernization, Dependency, World-Systems and Globalization" the 'modernization theory holds that "...societies are more productive, children are better educated, and the needy receive more welfare. Modern… [read more]

Mexico Religion and Mexican Resistance Essay

Essay  |  6 pages (1,742 words)
Bibliography Sources: 0


Mexico Religion

Religion and Mexican Resistance

Mexico is a nation which has throughout its history suffered violence, instability and a rapid-fire change of leadership that even to present day leaves it in a deeply afflicted state. Beginning with the ebb and flow of the great Mesoamerican empires and culminating in the conquering of the Aztecs at the hands of the… [read more]

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