Tagalog language

Wikang Tagalog
Pronunciation [tɐˈɡaːloɡ]
Native to Philippines
Region Central and Southern Luzon
Ethnicity Tagalog people
Filipino Americans
Filipino Canadians
Filipinos in Palau
Native speakers
28 million (2007)[1]
45 million L2 speakers (2013)[2]
Total: 70+ million[3]
Early forms
Standard forms
  • Bataan
  • Batangas
  • Bulacan
  • Lubang
  • Manila
  • Marinduque
  • Tanay-Paete
  • Tayabas
Latin (Tagalog/Filipino alphabet),
Philippine Braille
Historically Baybayin
Official status
Official language in
Regional and official in the Philippines (in the form of Filipino)
Regulated by Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
Language codes
ISO 639-1 tl
ISO 639-2 tgl
ISO 639-3 tglinclusive code
Individual code:
fil  Filipino
Glottolog taga1280  (Tagalogic)[4]
taga1269  (Tagalog/Filipino)[5]
Linguasphere 31-CKA

Predominantly Tagalog-speaking regions in the Philippines. The color-schemes represent the 4 dialect zones of the language: Northern, Central, Southern, and Marinduque The majority of residents in Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur speak Bikol as their first language but these provinces nonetheless have significant Tagalog minorities. In addition, Tagalog is used as a second language across the Philippines.

Tagalog (/təˈɡɑːlɒɡ/;[6] Tagalog pronunciation: [tɐˈɡaːloɡ]) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a quarter of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by the majority. Its standardized form, officially named Filipino, is officially the national language, along with English.

It is related to other Philippine languages, such as the Bikol languages, Ilocano, the Visayan languages, Kapampangan and Pangasinan, and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as the Formosan languages, Indonesian and Malay, Hawaiian, Malagasy and Māori.


Main article: Old Tagalog

The word Tagalog is derived from the endonym taga-log ("river dweller"), composed of tagá- ("native of" or "from") and ilog ("river"). Linguists such as Dr. David Zorc and Dr. Robert Blust speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups originated in Northeastern Mindanao or the Eastern Visayas.[7][8]


The Tagalog Baybayin script.

Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen, including Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala by Pedro de San Buenaventura (Pila, Laguna, 1613), the Czech Paul Klein Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (beginning of the 18th century), Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1835), and Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos (1850) in addition to early studies[9] of the language; however, the indigenous poet Francisco Baltazar (1788–1862) is regarded as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the early 19th-century epic Florante at Laura.

Historical changes




Official status

Main article: Filipino language

The first substantial dictionary of Tagalog language was written by the Czech Jesuit missionary Pablo Clain in the beginning of the 18th century. Clain spoke Tagalog and used it actively in several of his books. He wrote the first dictionary, which he later passed over to Francisco Jansens and José Hernandez.[10] Further compilation of his substantial work was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly[11] reedited, with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila.[12]


In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages, but mandated the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages.[14] After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines.[15][16] President Manuel L. Quezon then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed the selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines.[15] In 1939, President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as wikang pambansâ (national language).[16] In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino".[16] The 1973 constitution designated the Tagalog-based "Pilipino", along with English, as an official language and mandated the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Filipino.[17] The 1987 constitution designated Filipino as the national language mandating that as it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.[18][19]




It is the first language by a quarter of the population of the Philippines and a second language by the majority.[21]


Tagalog is a Central Philippine language within the Austronesian language family. Being Malayo-Polynesian, it is related to other Austronesian languages, such as Malagasy, Javanese, Malay (Malaysian & Indonesian), Tetum (of Timor), and Yami (of Taiwan).[22] It is closely related to the languages spoken in the Bicol Region and the Visayas islands, such as the Bikol group and the Visayan group, including Hiligaynon and Cebuano.[22]


At present, no comprehensive dialectology has been done in the Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars of various Tagalog dialects. Ethnologue lists Lubang, Manila, Marinduque, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Tanay-Paete (Rizal-Laguna), and Tayabas as dialects of Tagalog; however, there appear to be four main dialects, of which the aforementioned are a part: Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque.

Some example of dialectal differences are:



Manila Tagalog Marinduqueño Tagalog English
Maglutò ka na! Paglutò! "You cook now!"
Kainin mo iyán. Kaina yaan. "Eat that."
Tinatawag tayo ni Tatay. Inatawag nganì kitá ni Tatay. "Daddy is calling us."

Northern and central dialects form the basis for the national language.

Geographic distribution

The Tagalog homeland, Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of Luzon—particularly in Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Laguna, Metro Manila, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, and large parts of Zambales. Tagalog is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands, Marinduque, Mindoro, and large areas of Palawan. It is spoken by approximately 64 million Filipinos, 96% of the household population;[23] 22 million, or 28% of the total Philippine population,[24] speak it as a native language.






Taglish and Englog are names given to a mix of English and Tagalog. The amount of English vs. Tagalog varies from the occasional use of English loan words to outright code-switching, where the language changes in mid-sentence. Such code-switching is prevalent throughout the Philippines and in various languages of the Philippines other than Tagalog.



City-dwellers, the highly educated, and people born around and after World War II are more likely to do this.



Main article: Tagalog phonology



Tagalog has ten simple vowels, five long and five short, and four diphthongs.[26] Before appearing in the area north of Pasig river, Tagalog had three vowel qualities: /ɡ/, /i/, and /u/. This was later expanded to five with the introduction of words from Northern Philippine languages like Kapampangan and Ilocano and Spanish words.

They are:





Tagalog consonant phonemes[26]
Bilabial Alveolar
Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop pb td kg ʔ
Fricative s ʃ h
Approximant l j w
Rhotic ɾ


Glottal stop is not indicated.[26] Glottal stops are most likely to occur when:

Lexical stress

Lexical stress, coupled with glottalization, is a distinctive feature in Tagalog. Primary stress or the default position occurs on either the final or the penultimate syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word.

Tagalog homonyms are often distinguished in meaning from one another by the position of the stress and presence of the glottal stop. In general, there are four types of phonetic emphases, which in formal or academic settings are indicated with a diacritic (tuldík) placed above the vowel. The penultimate primary stress position (malumay) is the assumed, default stress type and is therefore left unwritten except in dictionaries. Note that the name of each stress type has its corresponding diacritic in the final vowel.

Phonetic comparison of Tagalog homographs based on stress and glottalization
Lexicon Stressed non-ultimate syllable Stressed ultimate syllable Unstressed ultimate syllable with glottal stop Stressed ultimate syllable with glottal stop
baka [ˈbaka] ('cow') [bɐˈka] ('possible')
pito [ˈpito] ('whistle') [pɪˈto] ('seven')
kaibigan [ˈkaɪbɪɡan] ('lover') / [kɐɪˈbiɡan] ('friend')
bayaran [bɐˈjaran] ('pay [imperative]') [bɐjɐˈran] ('for hire')
bata [ˈbata] ('bath robe') [bɐˈta] ('persevere') [ˈbataʔ] ('child')
sala [ˈsala] ('living room') [ˈsalaʔ] ('sin') [sɐˈlaʔ] ('filtered')
baba [ˈbaba] ('father') [baˈba] ('piggy back') [ˈbabaʔ] ('chin') [bɐˈbaʔ] ('descend [imperative]')
labi [ˈlabɛʔ]/[ˈlabiʔ] ('lips') [lɐˈbɛʔ]/[lɐˈbiʔ] ('remains')


Writing system


Main article: Baybayin











b ᜊ᜔


k ᜃ᜔


d/r ᜇ᜔


g ᜄ᜔


h ᜑ᜔


l ᜎ᜔


m ᜋ᜔


n ᜈ᜔


ng ᜅ᜔


p ᜉ᜔


s ᜐ᜔


t ᜆ᜔


w ᜏ᜔


y ᜌ᜔

Latin alphabet


Until the first half of the 20th century, Tagalog was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography consisting of 32 letters called 'ABECEDARIO':[27][28]

Majuscule Minuscule Majuscule Minuscule
A a Ng ng
B b Ñ ñ
C c N͠g / Ñg n͠g / ñg
Ch ch O o
D d P p
E e Q q
F f R r
G g Rr rr
H h S s
I i T t
J j U u
K k V v
L l W w
Ll ll X x
M m Y y
N n Z z


Main article: Abakada alphabet

When the national language was based on Tagalog, grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called ABAKADA in school grammar books called balarilà:[29][30][31]

Majuscule Minuscule Majuscule Minuscule
A a N n
B b Ng ng
K k O o
D d P p
E e R r
G g S s
H h T t
I i U u
L l W w
M m Y y

Revised alphabet

Main article: Filipino alphabet

In 1987 the department of Education, Culture and Sports issued a memo stating that the Philippine alphabet had changed from the Pilipino-Tagalog Abakada version to a new 28-letter alphabet[32][33] to make room for loans, especially family names from Spanish and English:[34]

Majuscule Minuscule Majuscule Minuscule
A a Ñ ñ
B b Ng ng
C c O o
D d P p
E e Q q
F f R r
G g S s
H h T t
I i U u
J j V v
K k W w
L l X x
M m Y y
N n Z z

ng and mga

See also: ng (digraph)




po/ho and opo/oho



Used in the affirmative:

Po/Ho may also be used in negation.

Vocabulary and borrowed words


Tagalog also includes many loanwords (including some False Cognates in other languages) from English, Indian (Vedic Sanskrit, Sanskrit and Tamil), Chinese (Hokkien, Yue Chinese (Cantonese), Mandarin), Japanese, Arabic, Persian.


The Philippines has long been a melting pot of nations. The islands have been subject to different influences and a meeting point of numerous migrations since the early prehistoric origins of trading activities, especially from the time of the Neolithic Period, Silk Road, Tang Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Ryukyu Kingdom and Manila Galleon trading periods. This means that the evolution of the language is difficult to reconstruct (although many theories exist).



Other examples of Tagalog words used in English
Example Definition


Tagalog words of foreign origin

Cognates with other Philippine languages

Tagalog word meaning language of origin original spelling
bakit why Kapampangan obakit
akyat climb/step up Kapampangan ukyát/mukyat
at and Kapampangan at
bundok mountain Kapampangan bunduk
huwag don't Pangasinan ag
aso dog South Cordilleran or Ilocano (also Ilokano) aso
tayo we (inc.) South Cordilleran or Ilocano tayo
ito, nito this, its South Cordilleran or Ilocano to
ng of Cebuano
sg (pronounced as /sang/)
araw sun; day Visayan languages adlaw
ang definite article Visayan languages
Central Bikol

Austronesian comparison chart


Malaysian satu dua tiga empat orang rumah anjing kelapa/ nyior hari baru/ baharu kita apa api
Buginese sedi dua tellu eppa tau bola asu kaluku esso baru idi' aga api
Banjarese asa duwa talu ampat urang rūmah hadupan kǎlapa hǎri hanyar kita apa api
Iban satu dua tiga empat orang rumah asu nyur ari baru kitai nama api

Religious literature

Religious literature remains one of the most dynamic contributors to Tagalog literature. The first Bible in Tagalog, then called Ang Biblia[35] ("the Bible") and now called Ang Dating Biblia[36] ("the Old Bible"), was published in 1905. In 1970, the Philippine Bible Society translated the Bible into modern Tagalog. Even before the Second Vatican Council, devotional materials in Tagalog had been in circulation. There are at least four circulating Tagalog translations of the Bible


Jehovah's Witnesses were printing Tagalog literature at least as early as 1941[37] and The Watchtower (the primary magazine of Jehovah's Witnesses) has been published in Tagalog since at least the 1950s. New releases are now regularly released simultaneously in a number of languages, including Tagalog. The official website of Jehovah's Witnesses also has some publications available online in Tagalog.[38]



Lord's Prayer

In Tagalog, the Lord's Prayer is exclusively known by its incipit, Amá Namin (literally, "Our Father").

Amá namin, sumasalangit Ka

Sambahín ang ngalan Mo.

Mapasaamin ang kaharián Mo.

Sundín ang loób Mo,

Dito sa lupà, gaya nang sa langit.

Bigyán Mo kamí ngayón ng aming kakanin sa araw-araw,

At patawarin Mo kamí sa aming mga salâ,

Para nang pagpápatawad namin,

Sa nagkakasalà sa amin;

At huwág Mo kamíng ipahintulot sa tuksó,

At iadyâ Mo kamí sa lahát ng masamâ.

[Sapagkát sa Inyó ang kaharián, at ang kapangyarihan,

At ang kaluwálhatian, ngayón, at magpakailanman.]


Universal Declaration of Human Rights


Bawat tao'y isinilang na may layà at magkakapantáy ang tagláy na dangál at karapatán. Silá'y pinagkalooban ng pangangatwiran at budhî na kailangang gamitin nilá sa pagtuturingan nilá sa diwà ng pagkakapatiran. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.[39]


The numbers (mga bilang) in Tagalog language are of two sets. The first set consists of native Tagalog words and the other set are Spanish loanwords. For example, when a person refers to the number "seven", it can be translated into Tagalog as "pito" or "syete" (Spanish: siete).

Number Cardinal Spanish loanword
(Original Spanish)
0 sero / walâ (lit. "null") / bokyà sero (cero) -
1 isá uno (uno) una
3 tatló tres (tres) pangatló / ikatló
5 limá singko (cinco) panlimá / ikalimá
6 anim sais (seis) pang-anim / ikaanim
7 pitó siyete (siete) pampitó / ikapitó
8 waló otso (ocho) pangwaló / ikawaló
9 siyám nuwebe (nueve) pansiyám / ikasiyám
12 labíndalawá dose (doce) panlabíndalawá / pandose / ikalabíndalawá
13 labíntatló trese (trece) panlabíntatló / pantrese / ikalabíntatló
15 labínlimá kinse (quince) panlabínlimá / pangkinse / ikalabínlimá
21 dalawampú't isá bente'y uno (bente y uno) pang-dalawampú't isá / ikalawamapú't isá
40 apatnapû kuwarenta (cuarenta) pang-apatnapû / ikaapatnapû
50 limampû singkuwenta (cincuenta) panlimampû / ikalimampû
60 animnapû sesenta (sesenta) pang-animnapû / ikaanimnapû
70 pitumpû setenta (setenta) pampitumpû / ikapitumpû
80 walumpû otsenta / utsenta (ochenta) pangwalumpû / ikawalumpû
90 siyamnapû nobenta (noventa) pansiyamnapû / ikasiyamnapû
200 dalawandaan dos siyentos (doscientos) pandalawándaán / ikadalawandaan (rare literary variant: ikalawándaán)
500 limándaán kinyentos (quinientos) panlimándaán / ikalimándaán
700 pitondaán siyete siyentos (sietecientos) pampitóndaán / ikapitóndaán (or ikapitóng raán)
2,000 dalawánlibo dos mil (dos mil) pangalawáng libo / ikalawánlibo
100,000 sangyutá / sandaáng libo siyento mil (cien mil)  
200,000 dalawangyutá / dalawandaáng libo dos siyento mil (dos cientos mil)  
1,000,000 sang-angaw / sangmilyón milyón (un millón)  
10,000,000 sangkatì / sampung milyón dyes milyón (diez millones)  
100,000,000 sampúngkatì / sandaáng milyón syento milyón (cien millones)  
1,000,000,000 sang-atos / sambilyón bilyón (un billón)  
1,000,000,000,000 sang-ipaw / santrilyón trilyón (un trillón)  
Number English Ordinal Spanish Cardinal
1st first primero/a una / ika-isá
2nd second segundo/a ikalawá
3rd third tercero/a ikatló
4th fourth cuarto/a ika-apat
5th fifth quinto/a ikalimá
6th sixth sexto/a ika-anim
7th seventh séptimo/a ikapitó
8th eighth octavo/a ikawaló
9th ninth noveno/a ikasiyám
10th tenth décimo/a ikasampû
1/2 half media kalahatì
1/4 quarter cuarta kapat
3/5 three-fifths tres quintas partes tatlóng-kalimá
2/3 two-thirds dos tercios dalawáng-katló
1 1/2 one half un medio isá't kalahatì
2 2/3 two two-thirds dos de dos tercios dalawá't dalawáng-katló
0.5 salapî / limá hinatì sa sampû
0.005 bagól / limá hinatì sa sanlibo
1.25 isá't dalawampú't limá hinatì sa sampû
2.025 dalawá't dalawampú't limá hinatì sa sanlibo
50% fifty percent cincuenta por ciento limampúng bahagdán

Months and days


Month Original Spanish Tagalog (abbreviation)
January enero Enero (Ene.)
February febrero Pebrero (Peb.)
March marzo Marso (Mar.)
April abril Abríl (Abr.)
May mayo Mayo (Mayo)
June junio Hunyo (Hun.)
July julio Hulyo (Hul.)
August agosto Agosto (Ago.)
September septiembre Setyembre (Set.)
October octubre Oktubre (Okt.)
November noviembre Nobyembre (Nob.)
December diciembre Disyembre (Dis.)
Day Original Spanish Tagalog
Monday lunes Lunes
Tuesday martes Martes
Wednesday miércoles Miyérkules / Myérkules
Thursday jueves Huwebes / Hwebes
Friday viernes Biyernes / Byernes
Saturday sábado Sábado
Sunday domingo Linggó



Time English Original Spanish Tagalog
1 hour One hour Una hora Isang oras
2 min Two minutes Dos minutos Dalawang sandali/minuto
3 sec Three seconds Tres segundos Tatlong saglit/segundo
Morning Mañana Umaga
Afternoon Tarde Hapon
Evening/Night Noche Gabi
Noon Medio dia Tanghali
Midnight Media noche Hatinggabi
07.00 pm Seven o'clock night Siete de la noche Ikapito ng gabi
01.15 Quarter past one
Fifteen past one
Forty-five to two
Una y cuarto Kapat makalipas ikaisa
Labinlima makalipas ikaisa
Apatnapu't-lima bago mag-ikaisa
02.30 Half past two
Thirty past two
Dos y media Kalahati makalipas ikalawa
Tatlumpu makalipas ikalawa
03.45 Three-quarter past three
Forty-five past three
Fifteen to four
Tres y cuarenta y cinco Tatlong-kapat makalipas ikatlo
Apatnapu't-lima makalipas ikatlo
Labinlima bago mag-ikaapat
04.25 Twenty-five past four
Thirty-five to five
Cuatro y veinticinco Dalawampu't-lima makalipas ikaapat
Tatlumpu't-lima bago mag-ikaapat
05.35 Thirty-five past five
Twenty-five to six
Cinco y treinta y cinco Tatlumpu't-lima makalipas ikalima
Dalawampu't-lima bago mag-ikaanim

Common phrases

English Tagalog (with Pronunciation)
Filipino Pilipino [ˌpiːliˈpiːno]
English Inglés [ʔɪŋˈɡlɛs]
Tagalog Tagalog [tɐˈɡaːloɡ]
Good morning! Magandáng umaga! [mɐɡɐnˈdaŋ uˈmaːɡa]
Good evening! Magandáng gabí! [mɐɡɐnˈdaŋ ɡɐˈbɛ]
Good-bye paálam [pɐˈʔaːlam]
Thank you salamat [sɐˈlaːmat]
How much? Magkano? [mɐɡˈkaːno]
Yes oo [ˈoːʔo]


No hindî [hɪnˈdɛʔ], often shortened to [dɛʔ]

hindî pô (formal/polite form)

I don't know hindî ko álam [hɪnˈdɛʔ ko aːlam]


Because kasí [kɐˈsɛ] or dahil [dɑˈhɪl]
Again mulí [muˈli], ulít [ʊˈlɛt]
I don't understand Hindî ko naiintindihan [hɪnˈdiː ko nɐʔɪɪnˌtɪndiˈhan] or

Hindi ko nauunawaan [hɪnˈdiː ko nɐʔʊʊnawaʔˌʔan]

What?Anó? [ɐˈno]
Why? Bakít? [bɑˈkɛt]






" Tao ka nang humarap, Bilang Tao kitang haharapin" A proverb in Southern Tagalog that made people aware the significance of sincerity in Tagalog communities. It says " as a human you reach me, i treat you as a human and never act as a traitor.

Hulí man daw at magalíng, nakákahábol pa rin. (Hulí man raw at magalíng, nakákahabol pa rin.)

Magbirô ka na sa lasíng, huwág lang sa bagong gising.

Aanhín pa ang damó kung patáy na ang kabayo?
What use is the grass if the horse is already dead?

Ang sakít ng kalingkingan, ramdám ng buóng katawán.
The pain in the pinkie is felt by the whole body.

Nasa hulí ang pagsisisi.
Regret is always in the end.

(In romance: refers to how certain people are destined to be married. In general: refers to how some things are inevitable, no matter how long you try and postpone it.)

(In romance and courting: santóng paspasan literally means 'holy speeding' and is a euphemism for sexual intercourse. It refers to the two styles of courting by Filipino boys: one is the traditional, protracted, restrained manner favoured by older generations, which often featured serenades and manual labour for the girl's parents; the other is upfront seduction, which may lead to a slap on the face or a pregnancy out of wedlock. The second conclusion is known as pikot or what Western cultures would call a 'shotgun marriage'. This proverb is also applied in terms of diplomacy and negotiation.)

See also


  2. Filipino at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  3. Resulta mula sa 2000 Census of Population and Housing: Educational Characteristics of the Filipinos, National Statistics Office, 18 March 2005
  4. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Tagalogic". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  5. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Tagalog/Filipino". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  6. According to the OED and Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
  10. Juan José de Noceda, Pedro de Sanlucar, Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala, Manila 2013, pg iv, Komision sa Wikang Filipino
  11. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala, Manila 1860 at Google Books
  13. 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, Article VIII, Filipiniana.net, retrieved 2008-01-16
  14. 1935 Philippine Constitution, Article XIV, Section 3, Chanrobles Law Library, retrieved 2007-12-20
  15. 1 2 Manuel L. Quezon III, Quezon’s speech proclaiming Tagalog the basis of the National Language (PDF), quezon.ph, retrieved 2010-03-26
  18. 1 2 3 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIV, Sections 6–9, Chanrobles Law Library, retrieved 2007-12-20
  19. Gonzales, A. (1998). Language planning situation in the Philippines. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 19(5), 487-525.
  20. Order No. 74 (2009). Department of Education.
  23. Results from the 2000 Census of Population and Housing: Educational characteristics of the Filipinos bat man, National Statistics Office, March 18, 2005, retrieved 2008-01-21
  25. "Language Use in the United States: 2007" (PDF). United States. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tagalog (2005). Keith Brown, ed. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2 ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-044299-4.
  27. Gómez Rivera, Guillermo (April 10, 2001). "The evolution of the native Tagalog alphabet". Philippines: Emanila Community (emanila.com). Views & Reviews. Archived from the original on August 3, 2010. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  32. Trinh & Bonus 2002, pp. 96, 100
  33. Renato Perdon; Periplus Editions (2005), Renato Perdon, ed., Pocket Tagalog Dictionary: Tagalog-English/English-Tagalog, Tuttle Publishing, pp. vi–vii, ISBN 978-0-7946-0345-8
  37. 2003 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses. Watch Tower Society. p. 155.
  38. "Watchtower Online Library (Tagalog)". Watch Tower Society.
  39. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, The United Nations.
For a list of words relating to Tagalog language, see the Tagalog language category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Tagalog edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Tagalog
Tagalog language repository of Wikisource, the free library
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Filipino phrasebook.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tagalog language.