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2017年研究生入学考试 英语二
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Section I  Use of English
Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)   

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work, and today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again   1   that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by   2  : A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.
  A different and not mutually exclusive   3   holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one   4   by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives   5  , people will simply become lazy and depressed.   6  , today‟s unemployed don‟t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for   7   Americans. Also, some research suggests that the   8   for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction   9   poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Another study shows that people are often happier at work than in their free time. Perhaps this is why many   10   the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.    
But it doesn‟t   11   follow from findings like these that a world without work would be unease. Such visions are based on the   12   of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the   13   of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could   14  strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the   15   of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a squandering of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. 
 These days, because leisure time is relatively   16   for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional   17   of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day‟s work, I often feel   18  ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don‟t have to work, I might feel rather different” -- perhaps different enough to throw himself   19   a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for   20   matters.
1. [A] boasting  [B] denying   [C] ensuring   [D] warning
2. [A] instability [B] inequality    [C] unreliability    [D]uncertainty
3. [A] prediction  [B] guideline   [C] resolution   [D] policy
4. [A] divided   [B] characterized  [C] balanced   [D] measured                          
5. [A] wisdom   [B] glory    [C] meaning   [D] freedom
6. [A] Indeed   [B] Instead   [C] Thus    [D] Nevertheless
7. [A] rich   [B] working   [C] urban    [D] educated
8. [A] substitute  [B] requirement  [C] compensation  [D] explanation
9. [A] under   [B] beyond   [C] among   [D] alongside
10. [A] leave behind  [B] set aside   [C] make up   [D] worry
11. [A] statistically  [B] occasionally  [C] economically  [D] necessarily
12. [A]chances   [B] benefits   [C] downsides   [D] principles
13. [A]height   [B] absence   [C] face    [D] course
14. [A]yield   [B] restore   [C] exclude   [D] disturb
15. [A]model   [B] practice   [C] hardship   [D] virtue
16. [A]scarce   [B] lengthy   [C] mysterious   [D] tricky
17. [A]standards  [B] demands   [C] qualities   [D] threats
18. [A]ignored   [B] confused   [C] tired    [D] starved
19. [A]into      [B] against     [C] behind  [D] off
20. [A]technological   [B] educational  [C] professional  [D] interpersonal   

Section II  Reading Comprehension
Part A  Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Every Saturday morning, at 9 a.m., more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5 km around their local park. The Park run phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers Runners range from four years old to grandparents, their times range from Andrew Baddelay‟s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.    
Park run is succeeding where London‟s Olympic “Legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that great legacy of the Games would be to lover a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012 -- but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved, Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation”. The success of Park run offers answers.  

Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods -- making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse. 
 21．According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has _________.  
 [A] created may jobs     [B] become an official festival  
 [C] gained great popularity    [D] strengthened community ties
 22．The author believes that London‟s Olympic “Legacy” has failed to _________.  
 [A] boost population growth    [B] improve the city‟s image  
 [C] promote sport participation    [D] increase sport hours in schools
23．Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it _________.  
 [A] does not emphasize elitism    [B] does not attract first-timer  
 [C] aims at discovering talents     [D] focuses on mass competition
24．With regard to mass sports, the author holds that government should _________.                      
 [A] increase funds for sport clubs    [B] invest in public sports facilities  
 [C] supervise local sports associations    [D] organize “grassroots” sports events
25．The author”s attitude to that U.K governments have done for sports is _________.
[A] critical  [B] tolerant [C] uncertain  [D] Sympathetic

Text 2
 With so much focus on Children‟s use of screens, it‟s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,  “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”   
Infants are wired to look at parents‟ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive -- as they often are when absorbed in a device -- it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback. The child becomes increasingly distressed as he tries to capture her mother‟s attention. “Parents don‟t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child‟s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.   
 On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids‟ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children. It‟s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you‟re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn‟t learning from the screen doesn‟t mean there‟s no value to it -- particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.

26．According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to _________.  
 [A] absorb user attention    [B] increase work efficiency  
 [C] simplify routine matters    [D] better interpersonal relations
27．Radesky‟s food-testing exercise shows that mothers‟ use of devices _________.  
 [A] take away babies‟ appetite    [B] distracts children‟s attention .  
 [C] reduces mother-child communication.    [D] shows down babies‟ period development.
28．Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that _________.  
 [B] parents need to respond to children‟s emotional needs   
[C] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange  
 [D] children are insensitive to changes in their parents‟ mood 
29．The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to _________.   
[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies  
[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year  
[C] remain concerned about kid use of screens  
[D] ensure constant interaction with their children 
30．According to Tronick, kids‟ use of screens may _________.   
[A] make their parents more creative      [B] give their parents more free time   
[C] help them with their homework     [D] help them become more attentive

Text 3
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn‟t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn‟t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn‟t academic.     
But while this may be true, it‟s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There‟s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or a lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits -- in fact, it probably enhances it.   
 If you‟re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn‟t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It‟s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be closely to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.
31．One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that ________.
[A] they think it academically misleading [B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college
[C] it feels strange to do differently from others [D] it seems worthless to take off-campus course
32．Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps ________.
 [A] Keep students from being unrealistic [B] Lower risks in choosing careers
 [C] Ease freshmen‟s financial burdens [D] Relieve freshman of pressures
33．The word “acclimation” (Line 7, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to ________.                            
[A] Adaptation [B] Application [C] Motivation [D] Competition
34．A gap year may save money for students by helping them ________.
 [A] Avoid academic failures [B] Establish long-term goal
[C] Switch to another college [D] Decide on the right major
 35．The most suitable title for this text would be ________.
[A] In Favor of the Gap Year [B] The ABCs of the Gap Year
 [C] The Gap Year Come Back [D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma

Text 4
Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, Professor Moritz and others say.    
In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $ 5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires -- nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency‟s other work -- such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep -- that affect the lives of all Americans. 
 Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies, are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?  
“It‟s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. “We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, „Wait a minute, is this OK?‟ Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”    
For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change -- how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that exacerbate fires.   
  While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn‟t come at the expense of the rest of the equation. 
 At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire‟s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
 36．More frequency wildfires have becomes a national concern because in 2015 they trend to ________.
 [A] cause a huge a rise of infrastructure expenditure
 [B] severely damaged the ecology of western states
 [C] consumed a record-high percentage of budget
[D] exhausted unprecedented management efforts
37．Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to ________.
[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas [B] guarantee safer spending of public funds
 [C] avoid the redirection of federal money [D] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
 38．While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _________.
[A] public debates have not selected yet [B] fire-fighting conditions are improving 
[C] other factors should not be overlooked [D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place
 39．The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of falling to ________.
 [A] understand the interrelation of man and nature
[B] maximize the role of landscape in human life
 [C] explore the mechanism of the human systems
 [D] discover the fundamental makeup of nature                            
40．Professor Balch point out that fire is something man should ________.
 [A] do away with [B] keep away from [C] pay a price for [D] come to terms with  

Part B   Directions:  Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
 The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don‟t, make anything anymore.” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.

Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: Instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing. American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennial may not be that interested in taking their places. Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.
For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers -- and upward pressure on wages. “They‟re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm. “They may be coming into the workforce, but they‟ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing.” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.
At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers. Five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $ 13 an hour that rises to $ 17 after two years.
At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he‟s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It‟s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I loving creating.” He says.
But to win over these young workers, manufacturing have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lives through the worst US economic downtown since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Brigit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency western Michigan.
These concerns aren‟t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. When the recovery began, worker strangers first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skilled levels.
“The gap is between the jobs that take on skill and those that require a lot of skills,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There‟re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don‟t need to have much skill. It‟s that gap in between, and that‟s where the problem is.”
Julie parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a worker life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.
41.Jay Dunwell ()
42.Jason Stenquist()
43.Birgit Klohs()
44. Rob Spohr()
45. Julie Parks()
[A] believe that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.
[B] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the layoff of the young people‟s parents.
[C] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition. 
[D]says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.
[E] points out that the US doesn‟t manufacture anything anymore.
[F] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don‟t need much skill
[G] points out that a worker life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.  

46．Directions： In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

Section IV  Writing
Part A 47．Directions:  Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to 
1) accept the invitation, and
2) introduce the key points of your presentation. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use
“Li Ming” instead. Do not write your address. (10 points)    

Part B 48
．Directions:  Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
 1) interpret the chart, and        
2) give your comments.  You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
2013-2015 年我国博物馆数量和参观人数


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